THE 


OLD    TESTAMENT,' 


ARRANGED   IN 


HISTORICAL    AND    CHRONOLOGICAL    ORDER, 

(ON  THE  BASIS   OF  LIGHTFOOT'S   CHRONICLE,) 


IN    SUCH    A    MANNER,    THAT    THE 


BOOKS,  CHAPTERS,   PSALMS,   PROPHECIES,   kc.  fcc. 


MAT    BE    READ    AS 


ONE    CONNECTED    HISTORY, 


WORDS   OF   THE   AUTHORIZED   TRANSLATION. 


WITH   NOTES   AND   COPIOUS   INDEXES. 


REV.  GEORGE   TOWNSEND,  M.  A 

PREBENDARY  OF  DURHAM,  AND  VICAR  OF  NORTHALLERTON. 


REVISED,  PUNCTUATED,   DIVIDED   INTO  PARAGRAPHS  AND  PARALLELISMS,   ITALIC 

WORDS   REEXAMINED,  A  CHOICE  AND  COPIOUS  SELECTION 

OF  REFERENCES   GIVEN,  &c. 

BY   THE    REV.  T.  W.  COIT,  D.D. 

LATE   PRESIDENT   OF   TRANSYLTAKIA   UKITEESITY. 


BOSTON: 

PUBLISHED  BY  PERKINS  AND  MARVIN. 

PHILADELPHIA: 

HENRY     PERKINS. 

1838. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1838,  by 

Perkins  and  Marvin, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  District  of  Massachusetts. 


STEREOTYPED  AT  THE 
BOSTON  TYPE  AND  STEREOTYPE  FOUNDRY, 


Perkins  4*  Marvin.. ..Printers. 


PREFACE 


THE    AMERICAN    EDITION. 


It  seems  to  be  a  strange  and  mournful  truth,  that  the  best  book  under 
heaven  should  have  been  thrown  into  a  shape  specially  ill-adapted  for 
making  it  attractive  and  easily  understood.  Yet  such  is  doubtless  a  literal 
fact  in  respect  to  the  Holy  Scriptures.  For  their  divisions,  into  chapters 
and  verses,  and  the  order  of  their  various  and  numerous  books,  are  now 
universally  admitted  to  be  purely  the  work,  and,  it  may  well  be  added, 
the  fault,  of  man.  I  say,  the  fault,  since  these  divisions,  how  convenient 
soever  for  bare  reference,  have  hindered  multitudes  from  learning  and 
feeling,  and,  more  particularly,  from  appreciating  trains  of  thought  and 
argument  in  the  Sacred  Writers  ;  and  have  made  that  singular  or  myste- 
rious, which  a  natural  and  logical  connection  of  passages  would  have 
rendered  reasonable,  fitting,  and  clear.  The  order  of  the  books  of  Scrip- 
ture, as  they  stand  in  the  Common  Version,  has  no  good  excuse,  now 
known ;  but,  although  the  most  unskilled  student  of  Theology  is  aware, 
that  it  pays  little  respect  to  chronological  or  historical  regularity,  it  cor 
tinues  to  disfigure  almost  every  Bible  in  the  world.  , 

The  simple  and  serious  object  of  the  following;  volumes  is,  to  r'       , 

Book  of  books  into  such  a  shape,  as  will  enable  it   best  to  d'*^ '  -^  .     i 
1  •     •.    If     1     •.  J    •  IV  •        ^^'ter.    And 

explam  itselr — be  its  own  recommendation,  and  its  own  inte'' 

it  is  cordially  believed,  that,  to  those  who  will  use  them  -'  ^        . 

ranee  sufficiently  faithful  to  give  their  plan  a  fair  ap^'^^^  i    ' 

will  be  found  more  promotive  of  both  instriiction  a^^  ^  ^\     I       i        -i 
of  the  common  helps  to  scriptural  knowledge,     j  i»^y  ^^^ 
^    *i     1      »         A  c  '  ^        A        1    *  *    :u  oareful  and  meditative,  the 

to  the  hasty  and  superficial  reader;  but  to  the"  a  v 

Bible  will  here  be  discovered  as  possessing- "^^^'^  true  form  and  comeli- 
ness, and  beauty,  for  which  one  may  -^esire  it,  than  in  any  edition  in 
which  it  has  heretofore  been  arrayed  '^^^fore  the  public  eye.  ihis  may 
look  like  strong  assertion  to  thr«e  whom  prejudice  or  habit  has  so 
accustomed  to  the  ordinary  co«<iition  of  the  Sacred  Volume,  that  they 
esteem  this  condition,  however  faulty,  as  deserving  a  sort  of  reverence. 
But  let  even  such,  once  i«ileam  those  (I  must  so  call  them)  unfortunate 


iv  PREFACE  TO   THE   AMERICAN   EDITION. 

and  hurtful  associations,  by  which  they  have  connected  Divine  truth  with 
the  mere  costume  in  wliich  man  has  chosen  to  present  it,  and  they  will 
set  their  seal  to  the  substantial  truth  of  what  may  now  seem  a  baseless 
editorial  fancy. 

The  plan  of  a  chronological  and  historical  arrangement  of  the  Bible, 
and  the  value  and  difficulties  of  such  an  arrangement,  are  so  fully  illus- 
trated in  Mr.  Townsend's  Introductions,  that  additional  observations  should 
not  be  expected.  It  may  not  be  unnecessary,  however,  to  remark,  that 
such  an  arrangement  is  the  only  one,  which  furnishes  any  tiling  like  a 
continuous  narrative  of  5«c/Tf/  history  in  sacred  composition  ;  and  that  the 
harmonies  of  various  portions  of  the  Old  Testament,  and  of  the  Gospels, 
wrought  out  in  the  present  arrangement,  are  not  surpassed,  if  equalled, 
by  any  harmonies  which  have  been  hitherto  attempted.  In  respect,  too, 
to  that  most  sacred  and  instructive,  not  to  say  most  sublime  and  fervent, 
of  all  devotional  compositions,  the  Book  of  Psalms,  he  must  be  want- 
ing in  sanctified  taste  and  sympathy,  who  cannot  prize  the  effort,  here 
made,  to  place  each  ps  ilm,  so  far  as  may  be,  side  by  side  with  its  kindred 
history,  that  each  may  illustrate  and  impress  the  other. 

The  Editor  has  endeavored  to  increase  the  usefulness  of  Mr.  Townsend's 
most  meritorious  labors,  by  breaking  up  the  artificial  and  arbitrary  verse  and 
chapter  system,  and  restoring  the  Sacred  Text  to  the  condition  in  which 
we   habitually,  not   to  s.iy   naturally,  arrange    other   compositions.      The 
poetry,  also,  he  has  tried  to  rescue  from  its  prosaic  bondage,  that  it  mioht 
show  forth  glimpses,  at  least,  of  its  native    majesty  and   beauty.     The 
punctuation  has  cost  him  much  ;  as  has  also  something  new  in  our  Com- 
mon Version,  an   attemj)t  to  distinguish   spoken   language   by  the  usual 
si"-ns  of  quotation.     The  old  method  of  marking  such   language  was  im- 
perfect, for  it  notified  the  reader  of  the  beginning  only  of  such  language, 
^ut  it  is  often  a  matter  of  serious  interest,  to  know  where  such  language 
^'\     Thus,  in  Genesis  ii.  23,  it  is   quite    easy  to   perceive,  that   Adam 
*i"  Vt  ""  ^^  speak  ;  but  does  he  utter  the  24th  verse  ?  or  is  it  an  inference 
°^'^     Any  one  can  see   how  much   may  depend  upon  the  proper 
ansvvei   to       ,   ^  question,  and  that  a  judicious   position  of  the   marks 
usua  y  emplo^^^  ^^  p^j^^^  ^^^^  spoken  words,  may  do  as  much,  in  a  vastly 
smaller  compass,  ^  ^  j^^^^^  criticism,  or  a   prolonged  ^^  excursus.'^     The 
iLditor  IS  not  satisfie,  ^,j^,^  his  own  labors  in  this  i)articular,  esp(>ciallv  as, 
for  reasons  not  necessa.  ^^  ^^  ^^^^^^^^  ,^^  ^o^.jj  ,^o^  ^^^-^^  t,,^^,,  i,,  j,,i„t ; 
and  of  course  he  cannot  w  .^^^.,.  ■^-  „^,,^>,s   ^.,1,^  exceptions  to  them.     If 
his  begmnmg,  however,  help  .^j^^j.  ^^1^^^,^  ^^,  hj^^.s^lf  to  do  better  here- 
after, his  toil  will  not  be  fruitless 

In  commending  these  volumes  .,  instructors  in  religion,  the  Editor 
does  not  hesitate  to  say,  that  any  clo-o-yman  who  will  make  them  his 
constant  manuals  and  guides,  will  deriv.  immeasurably  greater  profit 
from  them,  than  from  hesitating  and  quoting  critics,  or  the  dogmatizing 
champions  of  systems  of  Theology.     At  least,  sc^h  will  be  the  case  with 


PREFACE   TO  THE   AMERICAN    EDITION.  V 

every  clergyman  who  studies  fiiilhfally  and  impartially,  and  is  a  man  of 
independent  thought.  For  these  volumes  will  bring  the  Bible  before 
him,  in  the  best  possible  attitude  for  him  to  take  an  original  view  of  its 
sentiments,  and  form  upon  them  an  unprompted  and  unbiased  judgment. 
They  offer  him  Divine  Truth,  as  it  is  in  itself,  and  by  itself;  and  profound 
reflection  over  it,  with  the  aid  of  promised  wisdom  to  the  prayerful,  will, 
it  is  confidently  urged,  make  him  a  modern  Apollos,  "  mighty  in  the 
Scriptures;"  mightier  far  than  if  he  could  cite  a  dozen  authorities  for 
every  verse  of  Scripture,  and  find  himself  confounded,  as  many  a  one 
has  been  before  him,  by  the  weight  of  names  and  the  influence  of  party. 

If  these  volumes  were  made  the  basis  and  direction  of  regular  in- 
struction from  the  desk  —  furnishing  plan  and  matter  for  that  most 
ancient  and  profitable  style  of  preaching,  the  exposition  and  the  homily; 
or  if  they  were  used  as  text-books,  where  biblical  lessons  and  lectures 
are  given,  in  Colleges,  Schools,  or  parochial  Bible-classes,  they  would  be 
found  eminently  useful,  and,  in  a  short  time,  not  less  agreeable.*  Indeed, 
the  Editor  will  venture  to  say,  that  the  English  reader,  who  will,  for  a 
few^  months,  use  his  Bible  in  the  shape  here  offered  him,  will  prefer  it 
ever    after  to   any  other. 

As  to  the  minor  improvements  of  the  present  edition,  besides  those  enu- 
merated in  the  title-page,  the  number  of  indexes,  full  as  it  was,  has  been 
increased,  the  verses  numbered  in  the  text,  and  not  in  the  margin,  and 
the  arrangement  of  the  sections  reviewed,  and,  in  some  cases,  altered. 
The  numbering  of  the  verses  in  the  body  of  the  text  will  be  found  an 
essential  advantage,  in  using  a  paragraph  Bible  for  reference  ;  as  it  is 
frequently  difficult,  when  the  numbers  are  in  the  margin,  to  determine 
the  precise  commencement  or  close  of  a  verse. 

In  respect  to  the  Italic  words,  it  is  well  known  to  biblical  scholars,  that, 
in  1769,  Dr.  Benjamin  Blayney,  under  the  direction  of  the  Vice-Chan- 
cellor  and  Delegates  of  the  University  of  Oxford,  thoroughly  revised  our 
Common  Version,  and,  among  other  things,  carefully  printed  in  Italics 
every  word  for  which  there  was  not  an  identical  representative  in  the 
original.  But  this  was  a  needless,  and,  in  multitudes  of  instances,  a 
useless  labor  ;  and,  in  consequence,  an  attempt  has  been  made  to  dimin- 
ish his  Italics.  Had  time  permitted,  they  would  all  have  been  examined, 
and  such  only  retained,  as,  taking  into  consideration  the  idioms  of  the 
original,  might  seem  worthy  of  special  notice. f 

*  "Townsend's  Chronological  Arrangement  of  the  Bible  should  be  the  universal  study-Bible."  —  Car- 
penter's  Biblical  Companion,  p.  47,  Lond.  ed. 

t  Dr.  Blayney  seems  to  have  quite  forgotten,  that  the  idioms  of  ancient  tongues  allow  many  things 
to  be  habitually  understood  or  unexpressed,  which  it  is,  of  course,  no  liberty  in  a  translator  to  supply. 
Nothing,  for  example,  is  more  common  or  lawful,  iu  Hebrew,  than  to  leave  the  verb  of  existence,  (••  to 
be,"  in  our  tongue,)  or  a  pronoun,  understood.  Thus,  in  the  second  verse  of  i^'  Genesis,  we  find  the 
sacred  writer,  after  saying  that  "  the  earth  was  without  form,"  leaving  out  his  verb,  and  saying,  in  the 
next  clause,  to  translate  literally,  "  and  darkness  upon  the  face  of  the  deep."  And  so.  also,  it  is  equally 
common  and  lawful,  in  Hebrew,  when  a  word  has  been  used  in  one  clause,  to  omit  it  in  the  clause 
following  or  correlative —a  rule  which  covers  the  case  already  stated.  Thus,  in  Genesis  xxii.  12,  the 
angel  says,  "  Thou  hast  not  withheld  thy  son,  tliine  only  son,  from  me  ;.  "  or,  to  translate  to  the  letter 
agam,  "  thine  only  from  me."  This  usage  is  particularly  common  in  Hebrew  poetry.  Thus,  in  Job 
xvi.  6,  the  conjunction  "  though  "  is  omitted  in  the  second  clause  ;  and  in  Isaiah  xli.  6,  "  every  one  "  \s 


VI  PREFACE   TO  THE   AMERICAN   EDITION. 

It  may  be  of  some  moment,  for  those  who  are  anxious,  and  properly 
so,  about  the  text  of  a  Bible,  to  know  that  this  edition  does  not  pretend 
to  translate  anew,  but  employs  the  Common  Version  throughout.  Let 
no  one,  then,  be  fearful  of  not  finding  here  the  Bible  he  has  been  aecus- 
tomed  to  peruse :  it  is  not  with  the  text,  but  with  the  disposition  of  the 
text,  that  liberties  (or  what  some  may  deem  liberties)  have  been  taken. 
And  these  liberties  the  strictest  critics  must  and  do  justify  ;  for  the 
sentiments  only  of  the  Bible  are  to  be  regarded  as  inspired.  The  arranging 
of  these  sentiments,  in  longer  or  shorter  sections,  in  chapters,  verses,  or 
parallelisms,  and  things  of  like  nature,  is  as  completely  the  work  of  man, 
as  the  transcribing  of  these  sentiments  on  parchment,  in  the  days  of  the 
apostles,  or  the  printing  of  them  on  paper,  in  this  nineteenth  century. 

June,  1838.  THOMAS   W.  COIT. 


POSTSCRIPT, 


It  has  been  thought,  by  those  who,  perhaps,  understand  the  wants  of  a  certain  class  of 
readers  better  than  himself,  that  the  first  paragraph  of  the  Preface  is  too  brief  and  vague 
an  account  of  the  original  state  of  the  Bible's  text,  and  the  changes  through  which  it  has 
passed.  The  Editor  would  therefore  add,  that  the  text  of  the  Bible  has  experienced  a 
treatment  the  like  of  which  has  been  visited,  and,  it  might  be  said,  inflicted,  upon  that 
of  no  other  dignified  and  grave  composition  whatsoever. 

The  common  method  of  writing  has  always  been  to  put  single  sentiments  into 
sentences ;  a  strain  of  sentiment  into  a  paragraph  ;  the  discussion  of  a  branch  of  a  main 
topic  into  a  section,  chapter,  or  book.  And  this  common  method  is  so  obvious,  that  it 
can  be  comprehended  and  appreciated  by  the  plainest  minds.  But  the  Bible,  though  it 
abounds  in  pieces  of  composition  in  which  the  closest  connection  prevails,  has,  for  a  long 
time,  been  cut  up  into  chapters  and  verses,  as  if  it  were  nothing  but  a  string  of  aphorisms 
or  independent  propositions.* 

The  origin  of  this  is  obscure.  Perhaps,  as  the  division  of  the  Bible  into  verses  is  more 
ancient  than  the  division  of  it  into  chapters,  this  first  division  was  made  during 
the  time  of  Ezra.  The  following  reasons  induce  this  opinion.  Ezra,  as  is  well  known, 
had  much  to  do  in  collecting  and  arranging  the  Jewish  Scriptures.  He  sustained  to 
them  the  office  (to  speak  after  our  modern  style)  of  an  editor.  It  is  also  said,  that  he  read 
and  expounded  them  from  a  pulpit.      (Nehemiah  viii.  1 — 9.)     Of  course  as,  according  to 

omitted  in  the  same  clause :  and  so  on,  in  endless  instances ;  for  these  have  been  selected  in  the  most 
cursory  manner  possible. 

The  same  remarks  might  be  made  of  the  Greek.  Thus,  in  Acts  xi.  17,  the  verb  -  gave"  is  omitted  in 
the  second  clause,  and  supplied  by  "  he  did,"  which  is  accordingly  Italicized  ;  and,  in  Acts  xiii.  2L>,  the 
pronoun  "  him"  is  twice  omitted,  and  as  often  introduced,  in  the  translation. 

But  Dr.  Blayncy  seems  to  have  regarded  all  sucli  omissions,  and  others  as  easily  accounted  for.  as 
matters  for  serious  observation,  when  the  veriest  novice  could  have  been  taught  how  to  supply  tliem. 
Evidently,  then,  he  has  most  needlessly  multiplied  Italics,  to  tlie  confusion  and  perplexity  of  unlearned 
readers,  who  are  unaware  that  they  are  not  used  in  the  Bible  for  emphasis,  as  in  other  volumes,  but  to 
mark  words  supposed  to  be  wanting  in  the  original.  Scores,  and  hundreds,  and  perha])s  tiiousands?,  of 
our  present  Italics,  answer  no  valuable  purpose,  and  no  more  deserve  distinction  in  a  translation  than 
would  ille  in  a  translation  of  the  Latin  word  dixit.  The  merest  ciiild  in  Latin  understands  tiiat  a  verb, 
in  that  language,  may,  in  ten  thousand  cases,  as  well  be  witiiout  a  pronoun  as  with  it.  Little  idiomatic 
usages,  of  this  kind,  are  intuitively  learned  by  the  scholar  ;  who  never  dreams  that  he  is  taking  a  liberty, 
in  supplying  any  trifling  omissions  which  they  cause  in  another  tongue,  into  which  he  is  translating,  or 
that  he  fails  in  the  strictest  fid(>lity,  by  converting  them,  if  need  be,  into  equivalent  expressions. 

*  It  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  this  treatment  of  the  Bible  has  changed  the  style  of  preaching.  Now, 
the  religious  teacher  takes  a  single  sentence,  and  makes  an  oration  upon  it.  In  primitive  times,  (as  the 
homilies  of  the  fathers  show,)'it  was  customary  to  make  an  exposition  of  a  considerable  portion  of 
Scripture  ;  —  a  method  which,  unquestionably,  is  generally  more  instructive, and  often  more  entertainmg. 


PREFACE  TO   THE    AMERICAN    EDITION.  vii 

Nehemiah,  he  was  compelled  to  use  the  assistance  of  interpreters,  (the  people  having  lost 
their  knowledge  of  the  ancient  Hebrew  during  the  captivity,)  he  could  read  so  much 
only,  as  could  be  conveniently  read  and  expounded  at  once,  i.  e.  a  sentence.  Going  thus 
through  much  or  all  of  the  Old  Testament,  then  written,  might  have  occasioned  the  habit 
of  making  it  up  into  sentences.  Hence  the  verse  system  then  ;  and  it  might  possibly  have 
existed  before,  from  its  convenience  to  previous  oral  lecturers  or  instructors. 

The  system  of  dividing  the  Bible  into  chapters  probably  took  its  origin  from  marking 
selections  to  be  read  or  chanted  in  the  temple  or  synagogue  service,  and  was  followed 
from  the  Old  Testament  into  the  New.*  These  arbitrary  divisions,  arising  from 
accident,  fancy,  or  temporary  convenience,  were  probably  perpetuated  to  distant  times, 
and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  chapter  and  verse  system  of  our  modern  Bibles.  It  is  said 
that  Cardinal  Hugo,  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  who  flourished  about  A.  D.  1240, 
was  the  first  who  formed  the  chapters  of  the  Bible  as  we  now  have  them.  And  he  did 
this  for  the  convenience  of  mere  reference;  he  being  at  work,  at  the  time,  on  a  Concord- 
ance. Hugo  thus  divided  that  Latin  translation  of  the  Scriptures  used  by  the  Romish 
Church,  and  now  well  known  by  the  name  of  the  Vulgate.  Rabbi  Mordecai  Nathan, 
who  wished  to  make  a  Concordance  to  the  Hebrew'  Scriptures,  about  A.  D.  1440, 
followed  Hugo's  example;  and  Robert  Stephens,  for  the  same  reason,  the  example  of 
both,  in  his  edition  of  the  New  Testament,  published  A.  D.  1551. 

Hugo  had  no  verses  in  his  Bible,  but  marked  every  fifth  line  by  a  Roman  capital;  and 
this  fashion  prevailed  in  Wickliffe's,  and  even  in  Tindal's  time,  (so  late  as  A.  D.  152G,) 
for  their  translations  of  the  New  Testament  are  divided  like  the  Vulgate  of  Hugo. 
When,  precisely,  the  verses  and  chapters,  which  we  now  have,  were  first  fully  developed, 
it  is  perhaps  impossible  to  tell.  Nor  is  it  important  to  know,  so  long  as  we  can  satisfac- 
torily prove  that  the  entire  plan  of  thus  dividing  the  Bible  is  the  work  of  various  times 
and  hands ;  and,  in  every  case,  of  merely  human  and  uninspired  judgment. 

As  to  the  ORDER  of  whole  books  of  Scripture,!  critics,  who  are  familiar  with  it  as  it  has 
exhibited  itself  in  the  Bibles  of  different  languages,  well  know,  that  this  order  is  often 
arbitrary  and  perplexing.  The  ancient  Jewish  division  of  the  Bible  is  alluded  to  by  our 
Saviour,  in  Luke  xxiv.  44,  where  he  says,  "  that  all  things  must  be  fulfilled  which  were 
written  in  the  Law  of  Moses,  and  in  the  Prophets,  and  in  the  Psalms,  concerning"  him. 
The  Law,  under  the  Jewish  arrangement,  embraced  the  five  books  of  Moses ;  the 
Prophets,  the  strictly  prophetical,  and  most  of  the  historical  portions  of  the  Old  Tes- 
tament ;  X  and  the  Psalms,  all  the  rest,  i.  e.  the  Psalms,  Job,  Proverbs,  Canticles,  &c. 
This  last  book,  or  volume,  was  called  "  The  Psalms,"  because  the  Psalms  was  the  first 
tract  in  the  collection. 

Such  was  the  Jewish  arrangement.  Ours  is  hardly  as  good.  We  have,  e.  g., 
our  major  and  minor  prophets,  digested  without  regard  to  historical  and  chronological 
order,  so  that  many  a  reader  of  the  Bible  is  surprised  to  find  that  Isaiah  is  by  no  means 
the  oldest  prophet,  because  he  comes,  first,  but  that  Joel,  and  Amos,  and  Hosea,  (not  to 
say  others,  according  to  some,)  all  go  before  him  in  point  of  time.  In  the  New 
Testament,  also,  the  Epistle  to  the  Romans  is,  probably,  often  taken  for  the  first  Epistle 
written  by  Paul,  which  is  by  no  means  the  case ;  and  not  a  few  will  be  surprised  to  learn, 
it  is  now  generally  admitted,  that  John's  Gospel  was  written  after  his  Revelation.  § 

As  to  the  POETRY  of  Scripture  :  that  there  was  the  spirit  of  poetry  in  the  Bible,  mast 
have   been   known   by   all   its  intelligent   readers,  hundreds  of   years    ago.     But  what, 

*  That  it  bears  the  marks  of  haste  or  caprice,  is  very  manifest.  A  most  strikinjr  instance  is  furnished  in 
the  first  period  of  the  viii"^  chapter  of  the  Acts,  "And  Saul  was  consenting  unto  his  death."  This  belongs 
to  the  history  at  the  close  of  the  vii"'  chapter,  from  which  it  has  been,  almost  wantonly,  sundered. 

t  It  is  well  known,  also,  that  the  order  of  portions  of  books  is  a  matter  of  question.  In  the  prophets, 
for  example,  we  have  in  one  book  many  different  messages  or  oracles,  and  the  particular  order  of  these 
oracles,  in  Isaiah  and  Jeremiah,  has  been  much  debated.  Ezekiel  presents  less  difficulty,  as  he  generally , 
dates  his  successive  communications  to  his  countrymen. 

t  Daniel  excepted,  who  was  supposed  to  be  left  out  because  of  his  plain  allusions  to  the  expected 
Messiah  ;  to  his  advent  and  death,  before  the  destruction  of  the  city  and  sanctuary. 

§  It  is  not  put  after  the  Revelation,  however,  in  this  chronological  Bible,  for  the  obvious  reason,  that  it 
is  broken  up  among  its  sister  Gospels,  in  order  to  make  a  harmony  out  of  them,  and  present  the  life  of 
Christ  in  a  continued  narrative. 


vui  PREFACE  TO    THE   AMERICAN    EDITION. 

rhetorically,  constituted  tliis  poetry  ;  whether  it  was  blank  verse,  or  metre,  or  what  it  was, 
seems  not  to  have  been  well  settled,  until  the  time  of  Bishop  Lowth,  who  flourished  so 
late  as  only  the  last  century.  He,  in  his  introduction  to  a  new  translation  of  Isaiah, 
maintained,  that  the  chief  char.icteristic  of  Hebrew  poetry  consisted  in  uttering  a 
particular  sentiment  in  one  line,  and  repeating  its  counterpart  or  opposite  in  another  line, 
or  lines,  called  its  parallelism,  or  parallelisms,  i.  e.,  its  parallel  as  a  direct  resemblance, 
its  expansion,  or  its  contrast.  These  parallelisms  run  generally  in  pairs ;  but  they  are 
sometimes  found  in  triplets.  Thus,  in  the  very  opening  of  the  Psalms,  we  have  a  triplet. 
The  sentiment  or  burden  of  this  Psalm  is,  that  the  good  is  a  blessed  or  happy  man ;  and 
this  is  expressed  in  three  illustrations,  each  of  which  is  made  more  conspicuous  and 
intelligible  by  throwing  it  into  a  separate  line,  thus  :  — 

"  Blessed  is  the  man. 
That  walketh  not  in  the  counsel  of  the  ungodly. 
Nor  standeth  in  the  way  of  sinners, 
Nor  sitteth  in  the  seat  of  the  scornful." 

In  the  last  verse  of  this  Psalm,  we  have  an  instance  of  the  antithetical  or  antagonist 
parallelism;  the  last  line  expressing  the  opposite  of  the  first :  — 

"  For  the  Lord  knoweth  [approveth]  the  way  of  the  righteous  ; 
But  the  way  of  the  ungodly  shall  perish,"  [lead  to  perdition.] 

Such  being  the  nature  of  Hebrew  poetry ;  it  having  no  measured  syllables  to  admit  of 
its  being  scanned,  like  the  poetry  of  the  Greeks  and  Romans,  nor  the  features  of  our 
modern  rhyme  and  blank  verse;  it  seems  but  just  that  its  reigning  feature  should  be 
brought  into  full  view,  by  placing  each  parallelism  in  a  separate  line,  so  that  the  eye  may 
assist  the  understanding.  Nothing  is  easier  than  to  do  this,  after  a  little  practice,  where 
the  poetry  is  of  a  high-wrought  and  elevated  kind ;  but  occasionally  there  is  a  sort  of 
rhythmical  or  measured  prose  in  the  Bible,  which,  while  it  seems  to  be  poetical,  has  not 
the  distinct  parallelisms  of  other  portions.  The  books  of  Ecclesiastes  and  Ezekiel,  and, 
generally,  of  the  prophets,  furnish  specimens  of  this  character,  and  on  them  the  Editor 
has  bestowed  a  pains,  which  perhaps  will  not  satisfy  critics,  but  which,  he  trusts,  will  not 
be  without  its  benefit  to  the  English  reader. 

All  these  observations,  then,  go  to  show  the  literal  truth  of  the  assertion  in  the  Preface, 
that  whatever  Divine  Truth  may,  in  itself,  be  or  have  been,  the  method  of  disposing, 
arrancrina,  and  exhibiting  it,  is  the  work  of  man,  and  is  therefore  a  fair  subject  for  human 
attempts  at  improvement.  No  person,  therefore,  ought  ever  to  object  to  any  effort  which 
may  throw  the  Bible  into  such  a  shape  that  its  sentiments  (which  are  its  essence,  and 
have  Divine  authority)  may  be  most  clearly  apparent  and  most  easily  understood. 

0:7='  The  reader  will  remember,  that  the  single  brackets,  in  the  text  of  the  New  Tes- 
tament, mark  words  of  doubtful  authority  ;  and  the  double  brackets,  words  about  whose 
spuriousness  there  is  no  question. 


INTRODUCTION 


The  Chronicle  of  the  learned  Lightfoot  has  been  made  the  basis  of  the  following 
Arrangement.  Of  all  the  writers  of  the  day  in  which  he  lived,  this  celebrated 
divine  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  most  deeply  versed  in  the  knowledge  of 
the  Scriptures.  It  was  his  custom  for  many  years  to  note  down,  as  opportunity 
presented  in  the  course  of  his  tahnudical  and  other  studies,  the  order  and  time 
of  the  several  .passages  of  Scripture,  as  they  came  under  his  consideration. 
By  pursuing  this  method,  he  gradually  formed  that  invaluable  Chronicle,  which 
his  biographer,  and  the  editor  of  his  works,  has  placed  before  all  his  other 
publications,  as  the  most  useful  and  important.  The  title  of  this  celebrated 
tract  is,  A  Chronicle  of  the  Times,  and  the  Order  of  the  Texts  of  the  Old 
Testament,  wherein  the  Books,  Chapters,  Psalms,  Stories,  Prophecies,  &fC.  are 
reduced  into  their  proper  order,  and  taken  up  in  their  proper  places,  in  lohich 
the  natural  method  and  genuine  series  of  the  Chronology  requireth  them,  to  be 
taken  in.  With  reason  given  of  Dislocations  ivhere  they  come.  And  many 
remarkable  Notes  and  Observations  given  all  along  for  the  better  understanding 
of  the  Text ;  the  Difficulties  of  the  Chronicle  declared ;  the  Differences  occurring 
in  the  relating  of  Stories  reconciled ;  and  exceeding  many  Scruples  and  Obscurities 
in  the  Old  Testament  explained.  Lightfoot  was  so  eminent,  that  Bishop  Walton 
consulted  him  both  on  the  Polyglott  Bible,  and  tlie  Samaritan  Pentateuch, 
Dr.  Castel  on  his  Heptaglott  Lexicon,  and  Pole  on  his  Sy7iopsis  Criticorum. 
Buxtorf,  Dr.  Outram,  Thorndike,  and  Morinus,  with  other  distinguished  men, 
openly  expressed  how  much  they  admired  and  venerated  him.  The  most 
learned  foreigners  came  to  England  to  visit  him.  In  the  assembly  of  divines 
at  Westminster,  he  was  the  most  distinguished  for  his  learning  and  ability; 
opposing  the  more  violent  measures,  and  frequently  by  his  arguments  changing 
the  sentiments  of  the  majority.  His  work  was  published  at  the  time  when 
the  nation  was  unfortunately  engaged  in  the  bitter  contests  between  the  King 
and  his  Parliament.  We  are  not  possessed  of  sufficient  means  of  accurately 
ascertaining  the  reception  this  invaluable  Chronicle  met  with  from  the  public  ; 
but  if  we  may  judge  from  the  complaints  of  his  biographers,  Dr.  Bright,  and 
Mr.  Strype,  the  author  of  the  Annals,  it  does  not  appear  to  have  obtained 
much  celebrity,  nor  to  have  attracted  the  attention  it  so  well  deserved. 

This  supposition  is  still  further  corroborated  by  the  singular  omission  of  the 
work,  in  the  list  mentioned  by  Torshel  in  his  rare  and  valuable  pamphlet. 
This  divine  was  chaplain  to  King  Charles  the  First,  and  tutor  to  the  royal 

VOL.    I.  1  A 


2  INTRODUCTION. 

children.  In  the  year  before  the  death  of  his  royal  master,  he  published  a 
tract  (which  was  afterwards  reprinted  in  The  Phcenix)  entitled,  A  Design  about 
disposing  the  Bible  into  a  Harmony ;  or  an  Essay  concerning  the  transposing 
the  Order  of  Books  and  Chapters  of  the  Holy  Scriptures,  for  the  reducing  of 
all  into  a  continued  History — The  Benefits,  Difficulties,  and  the  Helps.  The 
tract  was  addressed  to  the  right  honorable  the  Lords  and  Commons  assembled 
in  Parliament ;  intimating  to  them  the  propriety  and  necessity  of  taking  the 
subject  on  which  it  treats  into  consideration,  that  under  their  gracious  auspices 
and  influence  "  it  may  grow  to  full  maturity."  Torshcl's  object,  indeed,  was 
to  induce  the  two  Houses  to  appoint  a  committee  to  execute  his  plans.  Had 
Lightfoot  and  Torshel  united  their  efforts  in  this  cause,  it  is  not  improbable 
that  the  sanction  of  the  legislature  at  that  period  might  have  been  obtained, 
and  a  most  accurate  and  valuable  arrangement  been  made  by  the  learned 
men,  who,  at  that  time,  abounded  in  England.  "  Let  the  state,"  says  Torshel, 
"  only  please  to  make  it  their  care,  after  the  example  of  some  kings  and 
republics,  that  have  done  such  like  works  of  general  use,  for  the  advance  of 
learning  and  divine  knowledge,  and  they  will  find  some  men  very  learned  of 
their  own  order,  besides  many  in  the  profession  of  divinity,  and  others  of 
private  quality,  that  will  contribute  m.uch  assistance  to  it."  And  in  another 
part — "  If  the  state  may  please  to  look  upon  it  with  favor  and  encouragement, 
somewhat  may  be  done  to  the  great  service  of  the  Churches  of  Christ,"  (Lc. 
The  state,  however,  paid  no  attention  to  the  petition,  and  the  design  of 
harmonizing  the  Bible  has  not  hitherto  been  put  into  execution. 

Dr.  Hales,  the  learned  and  laborious  author  of  The  Analysis  of  Sacred 
Chronology,  is  the  last  w^riter  by  whom  this  design  of  Torshel  has  been 
brought  before  the  public.  After  enumerating  a  variety  of  works,  which  have 
been  submitted  at  different  times  to  the  world,  to  assist  the  reader  of  Scripture 
in  his  attempts  to  understand  the  Sacred  Volume,  Dr.  Hales  observes,  "  We 
have  still  to  search  in  vain  for  a  competent  history  of  the  Bible ;  a  history 
which  shall  be  plain  and  clear,  even  to  the  unlearned,  and  yet  concise, 
correct,  and  critical;  competent  1st.  to  arrange  all  the  scattered  events  of 
Scripture  in  a  regular  and  lucid  chronological  and  geographical  order ;  2nd. 
to  trace  the  connection  between  the  Old  and  New  Testaments  throughout, 
so  as  to  render  the  whole  one  uniform  and  consistent  narrative ;  3rd.  to 
expound  the  mysteries,  doctrines,  and  precepts  of  both,  intelligibly,  rationally, 
and  faithfully ;  without  adding  to,  or  diminishing  from,  the  word  of  God ;  and 
without  undue  respect  to  persons,  parties,  or  sects ;  4th.  to  unfold  and  interpret 
the  whole  grand  and  comprehensive  scheme  of  '  the  prophetic  argument '  from 
Genesis  to  Revelation,  all  admirably  linked,  and  closely  connected  together, 
subsisting  in  the  Divine  Mind,  before  the  foundation  of  the  world  ;  and  gradually 
revealed  to  mankind  at  sundry  times,  and  in  divers  modes  and  degrees,  during 
the  Patriarchal,  Mosaical,  and  Christian  dispensations,  as  they  were  able  to  bear 
it;  5th.  to  solve  real  difficulties,  and  reconcile  apparent  dissonances,  resulting 
from  the  obscurity  of  the  original  text,  or  from  inaccurate  translations  ;  6th.  to 
silence  skeptics  and  heretics,  infidels  and  scoffers,  by  exposing  the  weakness 
and  inconclusiveness  of  their  objections  and  cavils ;  7th.  to  defend  the 
institutions  of  the  primitive  Church  against  schismatics  and  levellers,  and,  in 
fine,  8th.  to  copy  as  closely  as  possible  the  brevity  and  conciseness,  yet 
simplicity  and  plainness  of  the  Gospel  style.  Such  a  history  of  the  Bible  is 
altogether  a  desideratum  in  the  annals  of  sacred  literature." 


INTRODUCTION.  3 

"  Such  a  plan  was  partly  proposed,"  Dr.  Hales  proceeds  to  observe,  "  many 
years  ago,  after"  (more  properly  during)  "the  grand  rebellion,  by  Samuel 
Torshel,  a  preceptor  of  the  royal  family  of  Charles  the  First,  who  addressed 
the  Lords  and  Commons  assembled  in  Parliament  on  this  great  and  important 
national  concern." 

Torshel  proposed  "  to  dispose  the  Bible  into  a  method  and  harmony,  by  trans- 
posing the  order  of  the  books  and  chapters,  inserting  the  Sacred  Oracles  according 
to  the  times  they  were  delivered  in,  and  the  Psalms  in  their  places,  and  on  the 
occasions  which  they  were  framed  to  suit,  in  such  a  manner  that  by  the  mere 
force  of  series  and  connection,  the  historical  and  prophetical  parts  may  reciprocally 
explain  and  authenticate  each  other." 

The  miscellaneous  form  of  the  Sacred  Books  has  been  often  considered  by 
pious  and  learned  men,  as  one  principal  cause  of"  those  difficulties,  which  have 
given  rise  to  so  many  commentaries.  The  great  majority  of  the  readers  of 
Scripture  are  either  unable,  or  unwilling,  to  undergo  the  delightful  labor  of 
arranging  the  scattered  events  in  their  unbroken  and  historical  order.  Much 
error  has  arisen  from  this  neglect.  The  Scriptures  are  too  generally  perused  in 
detached  passages  and  chapters  only.  It  is  but  too  frequently  considered  as 
a  collection  of  unconnected  narratives,  promises,  warnings,  prophecies,  and 
miscellaneous  remarks  on  important  and  interesting  subjects.  Hence  the  most 
opposite  doctrines  have  been  taught,  and  the  most  inconsistent  inferences 
drawn  ;  and  the  Christian  world,  which  ought  to  profess  one  faith,  as  it  has 
but  one  Scripture,  one  Lord,  and  one  Baptism,  is  divided  into  every  possible 
gradation  of  opinion,  each  of  which  is  defended  by  its  advocates  from  detached 
and  misapplied  passages  of  Scripture. 

The  inspired  writers,  though  living  in  so  many  different  ages,  writing  upon 
various  occasions,  without  communication  with  each  other,  of  opposite  talents, 
dispositions,  circumstances,  and  education,  confirm  and  support,  throuo-hout, 
one  code  and  system,  the  general  plan  of  which  does  not,  in  any  one  instance, 
appear  to  have  been  present  to  their  minds  when  the  various  books  of  the 
Old  Testament  were  penned.  Uninspired  authors,  although  educated  on  the 
same  plan,  of  the  same  age  and  country,  writing  with  the  same  object,  of  the 
same  sect  and  party,  and  defending  the  same  system  of  opinions,  will  frequently 
vary  in  their  modes  of  expression,  in  their  statements  of  arguments,  in  their 
ideas  of  the  subject  matter ;  and  will  be  often  found  to  contradict,  either 
through  inadvertence  or  through  the  defect  of  language,  the  positions  of  their 
own  partisans :  whereas,  among  the  inspired  writers,  there  is  no  contradiction, 
no  opposition,  no  diversity  of  sentiment,  in  any  of  the  difficult  and  important 
subjects  upon  which  they  treat.  The  various  passages  of  the  history  of  the 
M^orld  and  Church,  contained  in  their  united  labors,  like  the  links  of  a  chain, 
are  so  interwoven  with  each  other,  that  they  cannot  be  separated.  The 
precepts,  examples,  and  doctrines,  they  inculcate,  are  so  varied,  yet  so  blended, 
that  they  form  one  complete  and  perfect  system  of  religious  ethics. 

Let  not  the  pious  Christian  feel  any  conscientious  scruples  against  alterino- 
the  disposition  of  the  Sacred  Text,  as  contained  in  our  common  Bibles ;  or 
suppose  that  this  Arrangement  is  intended  to  supersede  the  authorized  version. 
The  four  Gospels,  which  are  equally  entitled  to  our  veneration  with  the  Old 
Testament,  have  been  repeatedly  arranged  in  their  supposed  historical  order,  in 
the  form  of  diatessarons  and  harmonies ;  and  no  opposition  has  ever  yet  been 
made    on   the   part   of  the    English    Church   to    the   labors    of  its   exemplary 


4  INTRODUCTION. 

divines,  who  engaged  in  these  useful  works.  "  No  variation  in  the  order  of 
the  Sacred  Books  (Prideaux  observes,  Connection,  vol.  ii.  p.  477,  10th  edit.) 
is  of  any  moment.  For  in  what  order  soever  the  books  are  placed,  they  are 
still  the  word  of  God,  and  no  change,  in  this  respect,  can  make  any  change  in 
that  divine  authority  which  is  stamped  upon  them."  And  that  this  is  a  just 
view  of  the  question  is  further  evident  from  two  very  important  facts:  first; 
that  although  the  Church  of  Christ  has  long  ago  fixed  the  numher  of  the 
canonical  books,  neither  the  Jewish  Church,  before  the  advent  of  Christ,  nor 
the  Christian  Church,  since  his  advent,  has  pronounced  the  order  of  these  books 
to  be  canonical ;  and,  secondly ;  that  though  the  Old  Testament  was  edited 
nearly  in  its  present  form,  so  far  as  relates  to  the  number  only  of  the  books, 
first  by  Ezra,  and  afterwards  by  the  great  Sanhedrin,  yet  the  collocation  of 
these  books  is  different  in  the  Hebrew,  Syriac,  Greek,  and  Latin  versions. 
The  position,  therefore,  of  the  books,  could  not  have  been  regarded  as  a  matter 
of  essential  importance  ;  and  it  may  justly  be  concluded,  that  an  attempt  to 
arrange  them  in  their  chronological  order  ought  not  to  be  condemned  as  an 
infringement  of  the  Sacred  Canon.  The  three  principal  writers,  who  give  any 
light  on  the  subject  of  the  order  of  the  books  of  the  Sacred  Writings  as  left 
by  Ezra,  are  Joseph  us,  Origen,  and  Jerome. 

Josephus  gives  no  catalogue  of  the  Sacred  Books ;  he  merely  observes  (contra 
Apion,  lib.  i.  c.  8,)  that  the  Jews  had  twenty-two  sacred  books;  five  composed 
by  Moses ;  thirteen  of  prophetic  and  historical  writings ;  and  four  which  contain 
hymns  to  God,  and  precepts  for  the  direction  of  the  conduct  of  men.  Here 
is  a  plain  reference  to  the  three  great  divisions,  the  Law,  the  Prophets,  and 
the  Hagiography ;  but  of  the  order  in  which  these  books  were  consecutively 
placed,  we  have  no  intimation.  Origen,  who  made  the  Scriptures  the  study  of 
his  life,  has  made  an  arrangement  of  the  books  of  the  Old  Testament  very 
different  from  tliat  in  our  Bibles;  he  preserves  ail  the  canonical  books,  but 
with  respect  to  their  order  he  appears  to  consider  it  as  a  matter  of  indifference. 
The  Hebrews,  he  remarks,  (Origen's  Works,  Benedictine  edition,  vol.  ii.  p,  SSO,) 
have  twenty-two  books:  1.  Genesis,  2.  Exodus,  3.  Leviticus,  4.  Numbers,  5. 
Deuteronomy,  6.  Joshua,  7.  Judges  and  Pv-uth,  8.  The  First  and  Second  Books 
of  Kings,  or  Samuel,  9.  Third  and  Fourth  of  Kings,  10.  The  First  and  Second 
of  Chronicles,  11.  Ezra,  or  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  12.  The  Book  of  Psalms, 
13.  Proverbs,  14.  Ecclesiastes,  15.  Canticles,  16.  Isaiah,  17.  Jeremiah,  the 
Lamentations,  and  the  Epistle,  18.  Daniel,  19.  Ezekiel,  20.  Job,  21.  Esther. 
By  some  strange  mistake  the  twenty-second  book,  that  of  the  minor  prophets, 
has  been  omitted.  Jerome,  who  translated  and  wrote  a  commentary  on  the 
Scriptures,  and  studied  in  Judaea  under  the  most  learned  Jews,  may  be 
supposed  to  have  exhibited  the  arrangement  which  obtained  in  his  time.  His 
catalogue  may  be  found  in  the  Benedictine  edition,  vol.  i.  p.  318.  He  divides 
the  Sacred  Books  into  the  three  usual  classes,  the  Law,  the  Prophets,  and  the 
Hagiography.  In  the  first  are  contained,  1.  Genesis,  2.  Exodus,  3.  Leviticus, 
4.  Numbers,  5,  Deuteronomy.  In  the  second  class,  6.  Joshua,  7.  Judges  and 
Ruth,  8.  First  and  Second  of  Samuel,  9.  First  and  Second  of  Kings,  10.  Isaiah, 
11.  Jeremiah,  12.  Ezekiel,  13.  The  twelve  minor  prophets,  all  in  one  book. 
The  third  class  contains,  14.  Job,  15.  The  Psalms,  in  five  books,  16.  Proverbs, 
17.  Ecclesiastes,  18.  Canticles,  19.  Daniel,  20.  First  and  Second  of  Chronicles, 
21.  Ezra,  divided  into  two  books,  22.  Esther.  Thus  twenty-two  books  are 
computed,  Moses  five,  the  Prophets  eight,  the  Hagiography  nine. 


INTRODUCTION.  5 

The  copies  of  the  Vulgate  differ  from  each  other.  In  some  MSS,  of  the 
Vulgate,  Job,  Psalms,  Proverbs,  Ecclesiastes,  and  Canticles,  are  placed  after 
Malachi.  The  catalogues  of  Origen  and  Jerome  are  most  probably  nearest  to 
the  Esdrine  arrangement ;  yet  as  these  vary  from  each  other,  and  we  have  no 
means  of  ascertaining  which  is  the  more  correct,  we  have  reason  to  suppose, 
either  that  the  arrangement  by  Ezra  is  totally  lost,  or  that  in  the  different  copies 
published  in  his  time,  and  in  that  of  the  great  Sanhedrin,  the  order  of  the  books 
varied;  and  as  the  precise  order  has  in  no  Church  been  so  far  considered 
of  moment  as  to  be  made  canonical,  it  may  justly  be  concluded,  that  no 
reasonable  objection  can  be  made  to  a  connected  arrangement  of  the  Sacred 
Volume. 

Almost  every  commentator  has  observed  the  miscellaneous  disposition  of  the 
contents  of  the  Old  Testament;  and  has  pointed  out  the  historical  place  of 
many  chapters,  and  passages.  Since  the  time  of  Lightfoot,  biblical  literature 
has  been  so  much  the  object  of  general  attention,  that  it  was  necessary  to 
consult  the  labors  of  many  modern  divines,  as  well  as  of  those  who  immediately 
preceded  him.  The  union  of  these  authorities,  it  is  hoped,  will  give  additional 
sanction  to  the  work.  Where  a  difference  of  opinion  has  prevailed  among  these 
various  writers,  the  Arranger  has  been  compelled  to  decide  on  the  validity  of 
opposing  arguments  ;  and  at  other  times,  from  a  consideration  of  the  internal 
evidence,  the  context,  the  circumstances,  and  the  primary  object  of  a  passage, 
a  psalm,  or  a  prophecy,  he  has  been  induced  to  act  upon  his  own  judgment, 
which  has  occasionally  led  him  to  differ  from  those  authorities,  on  which  he  has 
ever  been  inclined  to  place  the  most  dependence. 

One  material  alteration  has  been  made  in  the  manner  in  which  Lightfoot 
has  arranged  his  Chronicle.  On  his  plan,  the  Old  Testament  would  have  been 
read  as  one  unbroken  history,  without  any  division  into  parts,  or  any  of  those 
breaks,  the  omission  of  which  is  generally  supposed  to  be  the  cause  of  great 
weariness  to  the  reader.  To  obviate  this  difficulty,  and  to  endeavour  to  make 
the  Scripture  narrative  more  attractive,  and  more  easily  remembered,  the  present 
Arrangement  is  divided  into  periods,  parts,  and  sections.  These  several  portions 
it  was  thought  would  render  the  work  more  useful  and  interesting  to  the 
unlearned  reader,  or  to  the  reader  who  is  not  accustomed  to  devote  much 
uninterrupted  time  to  the  perusal  of  books.  By  this  means  he  will  be  enabled, 
without  burthening  his  memory,  to  take  up  and  lay  down  the  Old  Testament 
at  his  leisure,  as  he  would  any  other  history  or  narrative. 

The  First  Period  contains  the  history  of  the  world  and  the  Church  from 
the  Creation  to  the  Deluge  ;  and  includes  the  first  nine  chapters  of  Genesis. 
As  the  object  of  Moses,  in  writing  the  P§ntate.iich^.was  the  preservation  of  the 
Israelites  from  the  contagion  of  the  surrounding  idolatry,  the  several  reasons 
of  many  of  those  peculiar  phrases,  supposed  to  be  directed  against  the  prevailing 
superstitions  of  his  day,  are  pointed  out  in  the  notes.  The  circumstances  of 
this  period  are  iew,  the  narrative  brief,  and  the  traditions  concerning  it,  scattered 
among  the  heathen,  obscure  and  confused  ;  little  is  related  to  enable  us  to  judge 
of  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  antediluvians ;  yet  sufficient  is  recorded  to 
show  us  that  the  world  was  the  same  then  as  at  present ;  divided  between  the 
good  and  the  evil — the  sons  of  God,  and  the  sons  of  men  ;  that  the  latter  so 
prevailed  against  the  former,  that  the  visible  Church  was  reduced  to  the  limits 
of  a  single  family,  and  the  world  was  destroyed  that  the  Church  might  be 
preserved.     The  principal  events  related  in  this  Period  are  the  divine  institution 


6  INTRODUCTION. 

of  sacrifice,  the  origin  of  many  of  the  arts  and  sciences,  and  a  clear  and 
consistent  account  of  the  awful  destruction  of  the  world  by  the  deluge,  an 
event,  which,  though  known  by  tradition  among  all  nations,  and  commemorated 
by  rites,  customs,  festivals,  and  emblems,  was  so  disguised  and  perverted,  that  it 
required  the  consistent  and  simple  narration  we  find  in  Scripture. 

In  consequence  of  the  brevity  of  this  Period,  the  transpositions  of  the  text  are 
necessarily  few. 

The  Second  Period  comprises  the  history  of  the  time  between  the  dispersion 
of  men,  and  the  birth  of  Moses  ;  and  includes  the  remainder  of  Genesis,  the  Book 
of  Job,  and  the  first  chapter  of  Exodus. 

The  transpositions  of  the  Sacred  Text  in  this  Period  are  not  numerous.  The 
history  of  the  three  great  heads  of  the  Jewish  nation,  Abraham,  Isaac,  and  Jacob, 
proceeds  without  much  interruption  to  the  close  of  the  Period.  The  account 
of  the  divisions  of  mankind  into  their  respective  families  is  placed  after  the 
event  which  caused  their  dispersion  ;  and  tiie  narrative,  after  thus  relating  the 
origin  of  the  principal  nations  of  the  Gentile  world,  goes  on  to  the  genealogy 
of  Shem,  and  the  history  of  the  family  from  which  the  Messiah  was  to  descend. 
The  inspired  historian  is  contented  with  merely  glancing  at  the  annals  of  other 
nations,  and  hastens  on  to  the  immediate  object  he  proposed  to  himself — the 
submitting  to  the  sacred  family  of  Abraham,  the  origin  and  early  history  of 
their  election  as  the  people  of  God,  and  their  consequent  separation  from  the 
rest  of  the  sons  of  Noah,  into  a  visible  Church. 

It  may  excite  surprise,  that  the  narrative  is  interrupted  by  inserting  the  life 
of  Job  in  the  midst  of  the  brief  history  of  the  ancestors  of  Abraham,  given  by 
Moses  in  pursuance  of  this  plan.  The  authority  for  assigning  to  the  Arabian 
Patriarch  an  earlier  date  than  Abraham  is  given  in  the  note.  Wherever  this 
book  was  inserted  it  would  have  been  impossible  to  have  given  general 
satisfaction.  The  subject  has  been  much  controverted  ;  but  after  reconsidering 
the  subject,  and  after  perusing  the  valuable  remarks  of  Dr.  A.  Clarke,  the  last 
commentator  who  has  discussed  this  point,  the  Arranger  is  unable  to  come  to 
any  other  conclusion.  He  cannot  but  consider  Job  to  have  been  the  witness 
to  the  truth  of  the  pure  religion  of  God,  in  an  age  when  even  the  ancestors 
of  Abraham  were  infected  with  the  increasing  contagion  of  idolatry. 

The  chief  transpositions  in  this  Period  are  the  placing  of  the  renewal  of  the 
covenant  related  in  Genesis  the  17th,  after  the  events  related  in  the  18th,  19th, 
and  20th  chapters — the  harmonizing  those  parts  of  the  2.5th  and  26th  chapters 
which  relate  the  circumstances  originating  in  the  same  famine — and  the  inserting, 
in  their  chronological  places,  the  births  and  deaths  of  the  patriarchs.  The  period 
concludes  with  the  oppression  of  the  Israelites  by  the  Egyptians,  before  the  birth 
of  Moses,  related  in  the  first  chapter  of  Exodus. 

The  Third  Period  extends  from  the  birth  to  the  death  of  Moses,  and 
comprises  the  remainder  of  Exodus  to  the  conclusion  of  the  Pentateuch.  With 
the  exception  of  the  insertion  of  the  institution  of  the  Passover  in  its  required 
place,  little  transposition  is  here  necessary  till  we  arrive  at  the  eighth  chapter, 
■which  contains  the  account  of  the  wandering  in  the  wilderness.  The  several 
encampments  of  the  Israelites  are  variously  arranged  by  diflerent  writers, 
according  to  the  names  of  the  places  mentioned  by  Moses.  The  number  of 
their  encampments  and  marches  is  reckoned  by  Dr.  Hales,  after  Bishop  Clayton, 
to  have  been  sixty,  including  the  passage  over  the  river  Jordan.  The  map  which 
he  has  given  in  his  Analysis,  and  his  accompanying  account  of  the  wanderings 


INTRODUCTION.  7 

of  the  Israelites  in  the  wilderness,  are  truly  valuable.  The  learned  writer's 
theory,  however,  has  not  been  adopted,  as  it  was  thought  the  reader  would  be 
more  satisfied  with  a  still  closer  adherence  to  the  Scripture  account.  The 
sojourning  of  the  Israelites,  therefore,  is  arranged  according  to  the  itinerary  of 
Moses  himself,  in  the  thirty-third  chapter  of  Numbers,  who  distinctly  mentions 
the  forty-two  journeyings  of  his  people,  in  which  of  course  all  their  encampments 
and  stations  are  included.  This  method  of  relating  this  part  of  the  Scripture 
history  has  occasioned  more  transposition  than  in  the  preceding  periods ;  but 
the  Scripture  is  so  evidently  made  to  corroborate  its  own  account,  that  the 
advantages  arising  from  it  appeared  to  justify  its  adoption.  The  miracles,  and 
the  events  of  their  wanderings  are  recorded  in  the  respective  journeyings  in 
which  they  occurred.  The  account  of  the  several  journeys  commences  with 
the  verse  in  which  each  is  briefly  mentioned  in  the  thirty-third  chapter  of 
Numbers. 

The  principal  events  in  this  period  which  require  transposition,  are  the  arrival 
of  Jetln-o  at  the  camp  of  the  Israelites — the  thirty-third  of  Numbers  already 
mentioned — and  various  passages  in  Numbers  and  Deuteronomy.  As  there 
were  not  sufficient  data  to  enable  me  to  decide  in  what  particular  encampments 
the  various  exhortations  of  Moses,  in  the  first  chapters  of  Deuteronomy,  were 
respectively  delivered,  I  have  referred  them  to  the  conclusion  of  the  wanderings 
of  the  Israelites,  when  he  certainly  addressed  to  them  the  greater  part  of  the 
contents  of  that  book. 

The  Fourth  Period  comprises  the  events  from  the  entrance  of  the  Israelites 
into  the  Holy  Land  to  the  death  of  David.  It  includes  the  books  of  Judges, 
Joshua,  Ruth,  the  First  and  Second  of  Samuel,  the  First  Book  of  Chronicles, 
with  the  exception  of  the  first  nine  chapters,  which  are  placed  in  the  last 
section  of  the  last  period,  and  the  first  two  chapters  of  the  First  Book  of 
Kings.  It  comprises  also  those  Psalms  which  were  probably  written  by  David, 
and  which  are  inserted  in  their  supposed  places,  according  to  the  events  to 
which  they  are  believed  to  refer.  The  people  of  God,  having  been  delivered 
from  their  persecutors  in  Egypt,  having  escaped  all  the  attacks  of  their  enemies, 
and  the  peril  of  the  wilderness,  at  length  enter  into  the  Promised  Land,  and 
establish  the  religion  of  the  one  true  God,  in  the  country  which  their  ancestors 
had  traversed ;  and  which  God  had  sworn  to  Abraham  that  his  descendants 
should  possess.  Though  they  were  so  entirely  successful  at  their  first  occupation 
of  the  country,  that  they  obtained  possession  of  the  whole  land,  as  Moses  had 
predicted,  they  failed  to  execute  the  commands  of  God  ;  they  spared  the  lives 
of  the  idolatrous  inhabitants  ;  they  then  began  to  associate  with  them ;  to  be 
familiar  among  them ;  and,  at  length,  to  unite  with  them  in  their  hateful 
superstitions  and  idolatry.  For  these  offences  they  were  severely  punished. 
The  surrounding  nations  were  armed  with  extraordinary  power  to  purify  the 
visible  Church,  by  oppressing  and  persecuting  it,  till  it  had  found,  by  bitter 
experience,  that  God  always  punishes  those  who  forsake  his  service.  These 
relapses  into  negligence  and  idolatry,  with  their  consequent  punishments,  were 
continued  till  the  accession  of  David  to  the  throne  of  Israel,  after  the  death 
of  Saul.  By  him  the  surrounding  enemies  of  God  were  subdued,  and  the 
visible  Church  advanced  to  its  utmost  perfection,  purity,  and  glory.  David 
never  fell  into  idolatry,  and  the  effect  of  his  continued  perseverance  in,  and 
faithful  adherence  to  the  religion  of  his  fathers,  was  visible  in  the  extent  of 
his  dominions,  the  abundance  of  his  wealth,  the  liberality  of  his  people,   the 


g  INTRODUCTION. 

universal  regard  to  religion  throughout  his  kingdom,  and  the  magnificent  prep- 
arations for  that  temple,  which  Solomon  founded  and  completed. 

The  transpositions  of  passages  in  this  Period  are  more  numerous  than  those 
in  the  second  and  third.  In  the  Book  of  Joshua,  the  appearance  of  the  Angel 
to  the  Hebrew  leader  is  formed  into  a  more  connected  history,  Joshua  vi.  1  ; 
V.  13,  to  the  end;  and  vi.  2,  to  the  end.  The  authority  of  Bishop  Horsley  is 
preferred  to  that  of  St.  Jerome,  respecting  the  time  and  place  of  the  reading 
the  Law  of  Moses  on  Mounts  Ebal  and  Gerizim.  The  passage  in  which  this 
event  is  related  will  be  found  in  Joshua  viii.  30,  to  the  end.  The  Israelites, 
in  the  preceding  verses  of  the  chapter,  are  represented  as  being  at  Gilgal, 
which  was  at  a  great  distance  from  Mount  Gerizim  ;  they  had  not  yet  possessed 
the  country,  and  it  is  not  probable  that  all  the  people  should  suddenly  leave 
the  seat  of  the  war  in  which  they  were  then  engaged,  and  proceed  to  another 
part  of  the  country,  to  do  that  which  might  with  greater  convenience,  and 
greater  propriety,  be  done  at  a  later  period.  Bishop  Horsley  supposes,  therefore, 
that  the  Law  was  read  to  the  people  after  the  conquest  of  the  country,  when  the 
land  rested  from  war ;  and,  upon  his  authority,  the  transposition  of  the  passage 
has  been  made.  St.  Jerome  supposes,  that  immediately  on  entering  upon  the 
promised  land,  the  Law  was  read  on  two  smaller  mountains,  named  Ebal  and 
Gerizim,  near  Jericho;  an  opinion  which,  though  defended  by  Epi[)hanius,  does 
not  appear  to  be  sufficiently  supported. 

The  twenty-second  of  Joshua  is  also  transposed.  It  records  the  return  of 
the  Pteubenites,  after  the  end  of  the  war,  the  conquest  of  the  country,  and  the 
reading  of  the  Law  on  Mount  Gerizim.  Their  return  is  placed  after  the  latter 
event,  and  not,  as  in  the  canon,  after  the  division  of  the  country.  When  their 
service  was  fully  accomplished,  they  would,  of  course,  be  sent  home,  as  Joshua 
had  promised. 

The  latter  chapters  of  the  book  of  Judges  are  well  known  to  relate  the  events 
which  took  place  during  the  interregnum,  after  the  death  of  Joshua.  They  are 
accordingly  inserted,  in  this  Arrangement,  before  the  first  servitude  of  the 
Israelites,  under  Cushan-Rishathai'm. 

The  story  of  Ruth,  on  the  authority  of  Bishop  Patrick,  is  referred  to  the 
account  of  the  famine  in  Israel,  on  the  invasion  of  the  Midianites. 

To  enable  the  reader  to  remember  with  greater  accuracy  the  history  of  the 
Judges,  the  sections  are  divided  according  to  the  several  governments  of  these 
magistrates. 

In  the  history  of  Eli,  the  Bible  chronology  is  followed,  and  Eli,  Samson,  and 
Samuel,  are  made  contemporaries.  The  Arranger  has  adopted,  except  in  a  few 
instances,  the  Bible  chronology  throughout  this  work;  because  it  appeared,  after 
much  consideration,  preferable  to  any  other  system.  It  is  consistent  with  itself, 
it  is  sanctioned  by  authority,  having  received  that  almost  infallible  stamp  of 
excellence,  the  test  of  time,  and  the  most  diligent  and  critical  inquiry.  Valuable 
as  the  Analysis  of  Dr.  Hales  undoubtedly  is,  the  Arranger  could  not  venture  to 
adopt  his  dates,  and  his  system,  unless  they  had  been  approved  by  the  same 
authorities,  and  confirmed  by  the  same  criterion  of  excellence,  which  have 
determined  the  value,  and  recommended  the  Bible  chronology. 

In  arranging  the  very  difficult  passages  which  refer  to  the  youth  of  David, 
when  he  conquered  Goliath,  and  played  before  Saul,  the  Editor  has  been  guided 
by  the  authority  of  Bishop  Horsley,  who  seems  to  have  considered  the  subject 
with  much  attention,  and  he  has  relied  with  confidence  on  his  decision. 


INTRODUCTION.  9 

The  chief  remaining  transpositions  in  this  Period,  are  the  several  passages  in 
Samuel  and  Chronicles,  which  are  necessarily  changed,  to  harmonize  the  general 
narrative  more  completely  ;  and  the  parallel  passages  are  inserted  at  the  end  of 
the  respective  sections  in  which  they  occur  in  smaller  type,  so  that  the  reader 
may  always  compare  the  corresponding  accounts  of  the  same  events,  by  the 
writers  of  the  two  different  books.  The  events  of  the  hfe  of  David  are  so 
arranged  in  sections,  that  the  reader  will  be  able  to  follow  his  wanderings  on 
the  map,  and  to  peruse  his  history  without  difficulty.  The  appeal  of  the  woman 
of  Tekoa  to  David  is  put  together  on  the  authority  of  Bishop  Horsley  ;  and  the 
escape  of  Hadad,  inserted  parenthetically  in  1  Kings  x.,  is  assigned  to  its 
chronological  place.  One  principal  cause  of  the  apparent  want  of  order,  in 
the  arrangement  of  the  events  recorded  in  the  Sacred  Canon,  arises  from 
frequent  parentheses  ;  in  the  same  way  as  the  account  of  the  death  of  John 
the  Baptist  is  an  interruption  of  the  narrative  of  the  Evangelists,  in  the  New 
Testament. 

The  Fifth  Period  comprises  the  reign  of  Solomon,  the  era  of  the  highest 
greatness  at  which  the  Jewish  kingdom  arrived;  when  the  visible  Church 
attained  its  utmost  splendor,  and  the  promise  to  Abraham  was  accomphshed, 
that  the  country  from  the  Mediterranean  to  the  Euphrates  should  be  subject 
to  the  dominion  of  Israel.  This  Period  includes  the  first  chapters  in  the 
First  Book  of  Kings,  which  relate  the  life  of  Solomon ;  the  first  nine  chapters 
of  the  Second  Book  of  the  Chronicles,  which  are  harmonized  with  those  from 
the  Books  of  Kings;  the  Psalms,  supposed  to  have  been  sung  or  written  at 
the  dedication  of  the  temple;  and  the  books  of  Canticles,  Proverbs,  and 
Ecclesiastes. 

The  chief  difficulty  of  arranging  the  events  of  this  Period  arose  from  the 
miscellaneous  manner  in  which  the  several  circumstances  of  Solomon's  life  are 
narrated  by  the  sacred  writers.  They  are  enumerated,  either  as  they  occurred 
to  the  minds  of  the  writers,  or  as  they  were  compiled  or  abridged  from  the 
public  registers  of  the  kingdom.  It  has  been  endeavoured  so  to  dispose  of 
them,  that  the  events  of  the  reign  of  this  great  king  may  be  read  in  their 
probable  order.  The  prayer  at  the  dedication  of  the  temple,  which  is  given 
at  greater  length  in  the  Chronicles  than  in  the  Kings,  will  be  seen  in  its 
complete  form.  The  Book  of  Canticles  is  supposed  to  have  been  written 
when  Solomon  was  a  young  man,  at  the  time  he  removed  the  daughter  of 
Pharaoh  to  his  palace  in  the  forest  of  Lebanon.  The  Book  of  Proverbs  is 
placed  after  the  visit  of  the  queen  of  Sheba,  when  the  wisdom  of  Solomon  was 
celebrated  throughout  the  world.  It  immediately  follows  the  passage  which 
refers  to  the  number  of  his  proverbs.  The  proverbs,  which  were  found  in 
the  temple,  and  were  copied  out  by  the  men  of  Hezekiah,  are  inserted  among 
the  rest,  and  are  not  placed  in  the  reign  of  Hezekiah,  as  recommended  by 
Torshel,  because  they  are  not  called  the  proverbs  of  the  men  of  Hezekiah,  but 
of  Solomon.  They  were  neglected  till  the  reign  of  Hezekiah,  when  they  were 
discovered  among  the  archives  in  the  temple,  but  they  cannot  chronologically 
be  dated  from  that  time.  The  Book  of  Ecclesiastes  comes  after  the  account 
of  the  offence  of  Solomon.  It  is  generally  supposed  to  have  been  written  as 
a  kind  of  recantation  upon  his  repentance  for  his  errors,  before  his  death. 

The  Sixth  Period  comprises  the  time  from  the  accession  of  Behoboam,  to  the 
commencement  of  the  Babylonish  captivity.  It  includes  the  greater  part  of  the 
Books  of  Chronicles  and  Kings,  which  are  harmonized  throughout,  with  some  of 

VOL.    I.  2 


10  INTRODUCTION. 

the  Psalms,  and  tlie  prophecies  of  Joel,  Isaiah,  Ilosea,  Amos,  Jonah,  Micah, 
Obadiah,  Nahum,  Ilabakkuk,  Zcphaniah,  part  of  Jeremiah,  and  part  of  the  first 
chapter  of  Daniel.  The  several  predictions  or  distinct  discourses,  contained  in 
the  respective  books  of  the  prophets,  are  given  in  their  historical  places  ;  and 
notes  are  appended  to  each,  explaining  the  reasons  for  the  dislocation.  Tiie 
difficulties  of  arranging  this  period  were  very  great.  The  intricacies  of  the 
chronology,  the  double  line  of  the  kings  of  Judah  and  Israel,  with  the  differences 
of  explanation  among  the  authors  who  were  consulted,  presented  obstacles  which 
at  first  sight  appeared  insuperable.  Various  modes  presented  themselves  of 
diviiling  the  double  line  of  kings;  one,  by  placing  them  in  two  columns,  and 
attaching  tlie  common  date  in  the  margin  ;  another,  of  placing  the  kings  of  Israel 
after  those  of  Judah,  as  a  separate  part ;  and,  that  which  has  been  adopted, 
to  divide  the  history  of  the  kings  of  Judah  into  parts,  each  part  containing  two 
portions :  the  first  giving  a  history  of  a  king  of  Judah  ;  the  second  appropriated 
to  the  reign  of  the  contemporary  king,  or  kings,  of  the  sister  kingdom.  This 
plan  was  selected  because  it  presented  two  advantages :  it  enabled  the  reader 
to  peruse  the  history  of  all  the  kings  of  Judah  as  one  connected  history,  by 
reading  through  the  first  portions  of  each  part,  and  the  history  of  the  kings  of 
Israel  in  the  same  manner,  by  perusing  the  second  portions  of  each  part ;  and 
it  enabled  him  also  to  pass  without  interruption  to  the  history  of  the  kings  of 
Israel  contemporary  with  the  respective  kings  of  Judah.  If  the  first  of  the  plans 
mentioned  had  been  adopted,  much  room  would  have  been  lost,  in  consequence 
of  the  number  of  blank  spaces  left  in  the  columns  devoted  to  the  history  of  the 
kings  of  Israel,  the  history  of  these  kings  being  given  by  the  inspired  writers, 
within  much  less  compass  than  the  history  of  the  kings  of  Judah  ;  and  the 
arrangement  had  already  occupied  more  pages  than  was  expected.  If  the  second 
plan  had  been  acted  upon,  the  chronological  and  iiistorical  continuity  of  the 
narrative  would  have  been  destroyed,  and  the  principal  design  of  the  arrangement 
consequently  defeated. 

Although  this  Period  occasioned  more  labor  and  inquiry  than  the  rest,  the 
authorities  for  inserting  particular  passages  in  their  appropriate  places  were 
sometimes  so  equally  balanced,  that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  decide  between 
the  merits  of  the  contending  arguments.  In  such  cases,  the  Arranger  is  open  to 
the  charge  of  want  of  judgment,  from  those  with  whom  he  may  differ.  The 
compass  of  the  work  did  not  admit  the  insertion  of  long  discussions ;  he  has 
been  contented,  therefore,  with  submitting  to  his  readers,  in  the  several  notes,  the 
arguments  which  have  induced  him  to  place  the  prophecies  and  the  history  in 
their  present  order. 

The  Seventh  Period  comprises  the  history  of  the  Babylonish  captivity.  No 
historical  book  in  the  Old  Testament  contains  a  complete  narrative  of  the 
transactions  of  the  seventy  years;  they  are  related  in  various  parts  of  the 
prophets,  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel,  and  Daniel,  and  in  the  latter  passages  of  the 
Books  of  Kings  and  Chronicles.  Much  difficulty  arose  in  arranging  the  several 
events  referred  to  in  this  Seventh  Period,  from  the  circumstance  that  the 
prophecies  of  Ezekiel  were  delivered  to  the  Jews  in  the  captivity  at  Babylon, 
at  the  same  time  that  Jeremiah  was  prophesying  at  Jerusalem  and  in  Egypt.  To 
prevent  any  confusion  in  righdy  apprehending  this  part  of  the  sacred  history,  the 
events  which  took  place,  and  the  prophecies  which  were  delivered  at  Jerusalem, 
are  placed  in  a  different  part  from  those  at  Babylon.  The  transactions  in 
Egypt,  when  the  Jews  who  escaped  from  the  captivity  fled  into  that  country, 


TNTRODUCTION.  H 

after  the  murder  of  Gedaliah,  and  took  with  them  Jeremiah  the  prophet,  are 
given  in  a  separate  part.  The  reader  will  thus  be  enabled  to  peruse  the 
account  of  the  affairs  of  the  Jews  at  Jerusalem,  Babylon,  and  Egypt,  without 
confounding  either  places  or  dates.  The  variety  of  contending  authorities 
respecting  the  dates  and  occasions  of  the  se%'eral  prophecies  of  Jeremiah  caused 
some  embarrassments ;  the  decision  to  which  the  Arranger  came  is  submitted, 
with  the  result  of  the  labors  of  Blayney,  Lightfoot,  and  Taylor,*  in  a  tabular  form 
to  the  reader ;  who  will  be  able  to  compare  the  arguments  of  the  various  writers 
on  this  subject,  and  to  rectify  any  error  which  he  may  suppose  has  been  made. 
The  many  interesting  circumstances,  which  took  place  in  the  siege  of  Jerusalem, 
are  collected  into  one  narration  from  Jeremiah,  Chronicles,  and  Kings  ;  and  few 
narratives  of  sieges  or  battles,  in  ancient  or  modern  history,  are  so  full  of 
incident,  instruction,  and  variety.  The  prophecies  of  Ezekiel,  being  for  the 
most  part  dated  by  the  prophet  himself,  were  arranged  with  little  difliculty.  The 
events  at  Babylon,  after  the  return  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  and  prior  to  the  decree 
of  Cyrus,  are  chiefly  related  in  the  historical  chapters  of  the  Book  of  Daniel. 
The  account  of  the  wonderful  manner  in  which  these  events  effected  the 
elevation  of  Daniel,  the  restoration  of  the  Jews,  and  thereby  the  accomplishment 
of  the  prophecies  of  God,  may  be  justly  considered  as  one  of  the  most  interesting 
and  beautiful  parts  of  the  Old  Testament.  The  Period  ends  with  the  decree 
of  Cyrus,  as  it  is  contained  in  the  last  chapter  of  the  Chronicles  and  the  first  of 
Ezra. 

The  Eighth  and  last  Period  comprises  the  events  from  the  termination  of 
the  captivity  to  the  probable  close  of  the  Canon.  It  includes,  besides  several  of 
the  Psalms,  the  Books  of  Ezra,  Nehemiah,  and  Esther,  and  the  prophecies  of 
Zechariah,  Haggai,  and  Malachi.  The  arrangement  of  the  events  of  this  period 
has  been  chiefly  made  on  the  authority  of  Dean  Prideaux,  whose  history  is 
advocated  and  adopted  by  Dr.  Hales,  Dr.  A.  Clarke,  the  present  Bishop  of 
Winchester,  and  many  other  learned  and  pious  authors.  Lightfoot's  hypothesis 
of  the  arrangement  of  the  events  of  this  period  is  generally  considered  as 
incorrect.  The  very  close  connexion  which  subsisted  between  the  Holy  Land 
and  Persia,  after  the  restoration  of  the  Jews  from  their  captivity,  and  the  manner 
in  which  their  adversity  and  prosperity,  as  well  as  their  progress  in  the  building 
of  the  temple  and  city  were  influenced,  or  rather  affected  by  the  politics  of  the 
court  of  Persia,  rendered  it  impossible  to  separate  the  accounts  of  the  two 
countries ;  they  are  incorporated,  therefore,  into  one  history,  and  the  prophecies 
are  placed  in  their  respective  situations.  The  principal  dislocated  passages 
included  in  this  period,  are  those  of  Ezra,  and  part  of  Nehemiah.  The  whole 
book  concludes  with  the  first  nine  chapters  of  the  First  of  Chronicles,  and  a 
passage  from  Nehemiah,  both  which  were  either  written  by  the  last  editors, 
or  verses  in  them  were  interpolated  by  the  last  editor,  that  is,  by  Simon  the  Just 
and  the  Great  Sanhedrin,  as  some  expressions  in  them  allude  to  the  times  of 
Alexander  the  Great.  The  concluding  passage  from  Nehemiah  speaks  of  Jaddua 
the  high  priest,  who  met  Alexander;  and  mentions  also  Darius,  who  was 
conquered  by  that  sovereign,  in  terms  which  seem  to  imply  that  Darius  lived 
many  years  before  the  time  when  the  passage  in  question  was  written  ;  and  as 
Alexander  died  about  324  B.C.,  and  Simon  the  Just  in  291  B.C.,  these!  passages 


[*  To  these  have  been  added  the  arrangement  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Dahler,  professor  of  Theology  m  the 
Protestant  Seminary  of  Strasbnrg.— Ed.] 


12  IN  T  R  O  D  U  C  'J'  ION. 

are  dated  a  few  years  before  the  death  of  the  latter,  and  assigned  to  the  year 
300  B.C. 

Thus  is  the  biblical  reader  presented  with  a  complete  History  of  the  World 
and  the  Church,  from  the  delivery  of  the  promise  to  our  first  parents  in  obscure 
terms,  till  the  dawn  of  the  day  of  the  Messiah  approached.  The  light  of 
prophecy  gradually  became  clearer  till  the  express  testimony  of  Malaciii  was 
given,  "  the  Lord  whom  ye  seek  shall  suddenly  come  to  his  temple." 

Such  is  the  brief  outline  of  that  arrangement  of  the  contents  of  the  Old 
Testament,  which  is  now  submitted  to  the  judgment  and  candor  of  the  Christian 
world.  It  is  designed  only  to  assist  the  reader  of  Scripture  in  his  study  of  that 
great  scheme  of  Providence,  God  revealed  by  Omnipotence.  The  visible  world, 
so  magnificent  and  so  beautiful,  is  a  temple  worthy  of  God  the  Creator ;  the 
spiritual  world,  described  in  the  pages  of  Scripture,  is  a  temple  equally  worthy 
of  God  the  Redeemer.  '  Both  equally  demonstrate  the  mercy  and  the  love  of 
the  same  all-wise  Providence  to  the  bodies,  and  the  souls  of  men.  In  the 
privileges,  and  in  the  certainty  of  a  covenanted  redemption,  as  in  the  changes 
of  the  seasons,  and  other  blessings  of  the  visible  creation,  every  child  of  Adam 
is  alike  interested :  and  if  the  researches  of  science  to  promote  the  happiness 
of  the  body,  or  to  illustrate  the  laws,  and  the  harmony  of  the  universe,  are 
regarded  with  favor,  in  such  a  manner  it  is  trusted  the  present  attempt  will 
be  received,  which  is  intended  to  promote  the  happiness  of  the  soul,  and  to 
elucidate  the  great  scheme  of  Almighty  God  in  the  moral  government  of  the 
world. 

Considering  the  subject  in  this  view,  it  may  be  justly  said  that  every  class 
and  description  of  the  admirers  and  readers  of  Scripture  are  interested  in  an 
arrangement  of  its  sacred  contents. 

The  unlearned  will  be  more  able  to  comprehend  those  difficulties  of  Scripture 
which  originate  in  an  ignorance  of  the  occasion  on  which  a  psalm  or  pro{)hecy 
was  written.  The  passages  which  seem  at  first  sight  to  contradict  each  other, 
will,  by  harmonizing  the  several  accounts,  be  clear  and  consistent ;  those 
innumerable  false  interpretations  of  single  texts,  the  chief  source  perhaps  of 
popular  theological  misapprehension,  will  be  obviated  by  fixing  that  primary 
meaning  wliich  was  intended  to  be  conveyed  to  the  mind  of  the  persons  to 
whom  the  passage  was  originally  addressed. 

The  learned  will  find  his  labors  lessened  in  tracing  the  meaning  of  peculiar 
words,  the  object  of  obscure  expressions,  or  the  intention  and  scope  of  passages, 
which  require  more  particular  attention.  As  the  meaning  of  a  sentence  is  better 
and  sooner  apprehended,  when  the  preceding  and  subsequent  passages  of  the 
context  are  evident,  so,  also,  will  the  meaning  of  the  obscurer  difficulties  of  the 
inspired  narrative  be  more  easily  discoverable,  if  the  preceding  and  subsequent 
events  of  the  connected  history  are  known. 

The  clergyman  will,  of  all  others,  be  most  interested  in  a  work  of  this  nature. 
In  expounding  the  Scripture  to  his  hearers,  the  primary  meaning  of  a  passage  is 
of  the  utmost  importance.  As  the  books  of  Scripture  were  all,  in  some  measure, 
originally  designed  to  accomplish  some  temporary  object,  before  they  were 
committed  as  a  lasting  testimony  to  the  Church  of  God — the  spiritual  application 
of  every  part  of  the  Old  Testament  to  Christians  of  the  present  day  will  be 
immediately  perceived,  when  the  original  application  to  the  circumstances  of 
the  ancient  Church  has  been  satisfactorily  ascertained.  The  lessons  appointed 
for  every  day  in  the  year  will  become  more  interesting,  in  proportion  as  they  are 


INTRODUCTION.  I3 

better  understood.  The  beauty  and  sublimity  of  many  passages  will  be  made 
evident,  when  that  part  of  the  history  of  the  dispensations  of  Providence,  to 
which  they  refer,  is  thus  more  fully  developed. 

The  attendant  on  public  worship,  who  has  but  little  time,  except  on 
Sunday,  for  studying  the  Scriptures,  when  his  attention  is  arrested  by  any 
passage  or  expression  which  appears  obscure  and  difficult,  if  he  has  not,  on 
liis  return  home,  access  to  commentaries  and  more  valuable  and  laborious 
works,  will  find  an  arrangement  of  the  text  of  the  Old  Testament  solve 
many  difliculties,  and  supply  in  some  degree  the  place  of  a  more  extensive 
commentary. 

The  pious  mother  of  a  family,  who  is  anxious  to  lay  the  foundation  of  Christian 
morality  upon  Christian  principles,  and  endeavours  to  make  her  children  acquainted 
with  tiie  wisdom  "  that  maketh  wise  unto  salvation,"  by  engaging  their  tender 
minds  through  the  medium  of  connected  annals,  will  be  more  able  to  interest 
them  in  the  finest  volume  of  all  history.  Many  of  the  most  im.portant  parts  of 
the  Old  Testament  are  with  the  utmost  difficulty  made  pleasing  to  children,  who 
do  not,  and  cannot,  at  a  very  early  age,  perceive  the  connexion,  the  consistency, 
and  the  harmony  that  pervades  the  whole.  While  their  attention  is  arrested  by 
the  beautiful  narratives  of  the  Sacred  Volume,  they  are  too  often  embarrassed 
and  confused  by  the  attempts  of  the  anxious  parent  to  explain  the  connexion 
between  the  parts  of  that  variety  of  interesting  matter,  which  makes  the  Scripture 
so  attractive,  as  well  as  useful.  The  best  foundation  of  a  good  education  is  a 
knowledge  of  Scripture  ;  and  that  knowledge  will  be  acquired  with  delight,  if 
the  child  becomes  interested  in  the  Bible  as  a  complete  history.  By  such  an 
arrangement,  therefore,  the  labor  of  the  parent  is  lessened,  and  the  child  at  once 
interested  and  improved. 

The  students  of  history,  it  may  be  justly  supposed,  will  be  particularly 
interested  in  an  arrangement  of  the  Bible.  As  the  history  of  the  world  in 
general  has  been  called  "  philosophy  teaching  by  examples,"  the  history  of  the 
Bible  may  be  called  "  religion  teach.ing  by  exam|jles."  Wllbout  thisjnestimable 
collection  of  records  there  would  be  no  foundation  for  the  ancient  history  of 
the  world ;  v^e  shoLuld  be  .in.-ulter_darkiiess  with  respect  to  the  most  important 
questions ;  we  should  know  nothing  of  the  origin  of  all  things — the  cause  of  the 
mixture  of  good  and  evil — the  manner  in  which  man  began  to  be,  and  continues 
to  be,  the  being  that  he  is ;  we  should  know  nothing  of  the  origin  of  nations,  or 
by  what  means  the  world  was  overspread  ;  we  should  be  still  ignorant  of  the 
primitive  condition  of  society  in  the  patriarchal  ages,  before  the  corruptions  of 
the  postdiluvians  had  introduced,  or  perfected,  the  incongruous  and  detestable 
system  of  idolatry  which  characterized  Egypt  and  Greece  and  Rome,  and  the 
whole  pagan  world,  and  which  now  disgraces  the  nations  of  the  East  in  general, 
and  particularly  Hindostan.  Events  which  are  only  hinted  at,  or  referred  to  in 
Scripture,  are  related  at  length  in  history.  In  the  arrangement  of  the  narrative 
of  Scripture,  the  student  of  history  may  read  the  prophecies  that  foretold  events, 
and  in  the  events  recorded  in  history  he  will  read  the  accomplishment  of  those 
prophecies.  History  will  thus  be  the  commentary  on  Scripture  and  on  prophecy; 
and  the  influence  of  religion  will  be  confirmed,  while  the  knowledge  of  the 
inquirer  is  increased.  The  falsely-called  philosophical  reader  of  history,  who 
rejects  the  notion  of  a  particular  Providence  in  overruling  the  affairs  of  men,  may 
imagine  he  can  discover  adequate  causes  for  the  several  changes  in  dominion  and 
power  among  the  ancient  monarchies ;  but  he  who  looks  beyond  what  are  called 


14  INTRODUCTION. 

secondary  causes  perceives  that  all  these  powers  in  their  turn  were  raised  up  to 
protect,  or  to  punish,  the  visible  Church  of  God ;  and  that  when  they  had 
accomplished  this  object,  their  pride,  their  greatness,  their  pomp,  and  their  glory 
were  annihilated.  The  history  of  the  Bible  alone  acquaints  us  with  the  real 
cause  of  the  origin,  the  decline,  and  fall  of  all  the  ancient  monarchies  ;  and 
when  that  history  is  arranged  in  its  order,  a  clear  explanation  is  given  to  many 
obscurities  of  ancient  history,  to  the  plans  of  Providence  in  the  government  of 
the  world,  and  to  the  predisposing  causes  which  led  to  the  various  circumstances 
connected  with  the  history  of  the  Church. 

Nor  will  an  arrangement  of  the  Bible  be  less  useful  to  the  general  reader,  and 
to  the  lover  of  literature — to  that  large  portion  of  the  community,  who,  though 
they  have  no  objection  to  peruse  works  of  instruction,  unifonrdy  prefer  those 
which  promise  amusement  only.  It  never  ought  to  be  said  that  the  Sacred 
Scriptures  are  given  for  our  amusement ;  but  while  they  abound  in  the  most 
solemn  and  important  lessons,  on  the  observance  or  neglect  of  which  both  our 
present  as  well  as  future  happiness  depends,  it  is  equally  true,  that  the  lover  of 
poetry  may  elevate  his  mind,  and  kindle  his  imagination,  by  admiring  ideas  which 
no  other  book  contains,  in  language  which  the  epic  or  the  dramatic  power  of 
Greece  itself  has  neither  surpassed  nor  equalled.  The  literary  beauties  of  the 
Scriptures,  considering  those  Scriptures  only  as  specimens  of  composition,  are 
superior  to  all  that  can  be  selected  from  the  tenderest,  the  sublimest,  the  most 
admired  efforts  of  human  genius.  Those  only  are  worthy  to  be  placed  near 
them,  the  authors  of  which  have  wandered  on  the  heights  of  Sion's  hill,  and 
visited  the  flowery  brooks  beneath. 

By  an  arrangement  of  the  Bible,  the  lover  of  literary  excellence  will  be  more 
able  to  appreciate  these  invaluable  compositions.  The  jewels  of  the  temple  will 
be  set — the  apples  of  gold  will  be  enclosed  in  the  network  of  silver ;  the  man 
most  indifferent  to  their  spiritual  value  will  learn  to  admire  the  harmony  and 
simplicity  of  the  narrative,  and  the  magnificence  of  the  poetry.  And  when 
he  permits  the  question  to  propose  itself  fairly  to  his  consideration,  why  this 
wonderful  volume  was  written  ?  whence  was  the  more  than  human  intellect  thus 
displayed  throughout?  then  it  may  be,  that  the  same  Holy  Spirit  of  God,  which 
gave  eloquence  and  poetry,  as  well  as  purity,  holiness,  and  truth,  to  his  servants, 
may  render  the  impression,  which  the  answer  to  such  a  question  would  suggest, 
effectual  and  permanent. 

The  infidel  and  the  skeptic,  who  have  thoughtlessly  or  wilfully  rejected 
Revelation,  because  in  truth  they  have  never  submitted  to  the  labor  of  cxjjloring 
and  examining  its  evidences,  may  perceive  in  an  arrangement  of  the  contents 
of  the  Old  Testament,  the  most  incontrovertible  demonstration  of  the  Bible's 
authenticity,  its  genuineness,  and  its  inspiration. 

The  absurdities  of  the  deistical  creed  are  so  great,  that  the  wildest  reveries  of 
the  most  unbridled  enthusiasm  are  sober  common  sense  when  compared  to  them  ; 
and  the  arguments  in  favor  of  the  Scriptures  are  so  complete  and  satisfactory, 
that  no  additional  reasoning  can  be  expected  to  influence  those  who  have 
disregarded  them  ;  yet  a  powerful  and  a  novel  corroboration  of  those  arguments 
is  aflbrdcd  by  the  wonderful  harmony  which  pervades  this  miscellaneous  collection 
of  writings  called  the  Old  Testament.  Lord  Bacon  has  observed  with  equal 
force  and  truth,  that  "  The  harmony  of  a  science,  each  part  supporting  the  other, 
is,  and  ought  to  be,  the  true  and  brief  confutation  and  suppression  of  all  the 
smaller  sorts  of  objections."     And  the  remark  will  apply  to  the  arrangement  of 


INTRODUCTION.  15 

the  Bible.  The  contents  of  this  book  were  written  at  different  times  ;  the  various 
writers  Avere  unknown  to  each  other.  Like  the  writers  of  the  New  Testament, 
the  greater  part  of  them  were  exposed  to  suffering  and  persecution  on  account 
of  their  doctrine;*  the  times  in  which  they  wrote  were  remote  from  each  other; 
tlieir  compositions  were  deUvered  to  the  people,  and  were  preserved  by  the  priests 
in  their  unconnected  fonn.  One  jprimanj  object  was  principally  intended  by  each 
writer,  and  by  every  paragraph  ;  yet  all  these  miscellaneous  compositions,  when 
they  are  put  together,  are  found  to  contain  a  perfect  history,  confirmed  by  the 
testimony  of  all  other  authenticated  histories.  The  researches  of  the  learned  and 
the  enterprising  have  alike  contributed  to  demonstrate  the  truth  of  the  narrative, 
which  is  so  wonderfully  complete  in  itself,  that  ingenuity  has  been  in  vain 
engaged,  for  two  thousand  years,  in  attempting  to  discover  some  imposition,  or  to 
overthrow  one  recorded  fact.  The  history,  therefore,  contained  in  the  Bible  is 
true,  and  the  system  of  infidelity  is  consequently  false  ;  or  all  tiie  writers  of  the 
Old  Testament  without  exception  were  impostors,  or  dupes,  and  every  history  of 
ancient  nations  is  not  to  be  credited  ;  or,  what  is  still  more  difficult  to  suppose, 
all  ancient  history  is  uniformly  falsified  in  those  particulars  which  corroborate  the 
Sacred  Scriptures.  These  and  many  similar  absurdities,  unavoidably  consequent 
on  any  deistical  scheme,  it  is  needless  to  confute  ;  and  these  absurdities,  the  mere 
statement  of  which  form  their  immediate  refutation,  are  made  more  glaring  by 
perusing  the  Scripture  narrative,  in  the  form  of  an  historical  and  chronological 
arrangement  of  the  Sacred  Text. 

The  pious  and  humble  Christian,  as  a  member  of  the  Universal  Church,  cannot 
but  be  interested  in  that  portion  of  sacred  history  which  is  related  in  the  Old 
Testament ;  and  in  perusing  it  in  its  historical  form,  he  will  be  able  to  perceive 
more  clearly  the  development  of  the  plans  of  Providence.  He  will  there 
discover  in  what  manner  events,  apparently  unconnected,  all  tend  in  a  greater 
or  less  degree  to  the  fulfilment  of  some  wonderful  events  which  were  previously 
foretold,  but  which,  at  the  time  when  these  results  were  delivered,  appeared 
impossible  to  be  brought  about ; — he  will  perceive  that  all  the  circumstances 
recorded  in  the  Scriptures  tend  to  one  end,  with  as  much  regularity  as  the 
incidents  in  a  regular  drama  bring  about  the  catastrophe.  He  will  see  them 
combine  in  one  purpose,  prove  one  point,  develop  one  mighty  scheme,  which 
was  planned  in  the  councils  of  Omnipotence,  gradually  revealed  to  mankind,  and 
is  still  in  progress  among  mankind  ; — he  will  perceive  that  the  scheme  of  prophecy 
has  been  in  great  measure  surely  accomplished,  and  will  be  more  and  more 
convinced  that  the  remaining  prophecies  shall  be  all  fulfilled  ;  he  will  hail  the 
day  when  the  curse  shall  be  removed,  the  house  of  Israel  restored,  and  the  reign 
of  universal  righteousness  commence ;  he  will  learn  to  apply  to  himself  the 
doctrine  of  a  peculiar  Providence  ;  he  will  see,  that  though  prophecy  and  miracle 
have  in  one  sense  been  discontinued,  though  the  Canon  of  the  Scripture  be 
closed,  yet  the  gradual  fulfilment  of  the  prophecies  it  contains  may  be  regarded 
as  a  perpetual  miracle  appealing  to  the  hearts  and  to  the  consciences  of  all  the 
generations  of  mankind.  The  same  unchangeable  God  still  governs  the  world 
and  the  Church,  and  orders  the  events  that  occur  to  both  according  to  the 
purposes  of  his  own  will.  He  rules  over  the  least  as  well  as  the  greatest  events ; 
and  as  the  beauty  of  a  flower,  and  the  mechanism  of  an  insect  declare  the 
universality  of  his  Providence  as  loudly  and  as  plainly  as  the  sun  in  the  heavens, 

[*  See  Hebrews,  xL  32-37.— Ed.] 


16  INTRODUCTION. 

or  the  moon  walking  in  her  brightness ;  so  does  the  declaration  of  his  own 
immutable  Scripture,  that  not  a  sparrow  falls  unpermitted  to  the  ground,  convince 
the  Christian,  who  views  the  stupendous  events  recorded  in  his  Bible,  that  he  too 
is  not  and  cannot  be  unnoticed  nor  neglected  in  the  government  of  the  universe. 
Happy  is  he,  who,  having  a  hope  full  of  immortality  through  Him  wiio  has 
become  the  propitiation  for  the  sins  of  man,  reads  his  own  lot  in  the  conduct  of 
God  towards  his  Church,  and  resigned  and  contented  with  the  present,  rejoices  in 
the  prospect  of  the  future. 

In  this  edition,  which  has  been  carefully  corrected,  the  marginal  references 
and  various  readings  are  given.  And,  in  order  to  render  this  Arrangement  still 
more  extensively  useful,  the  whole  has  been  divided  into  Portions,  in  such  a 
manner,  that,  by  reading  one  Portion  daily,  the  Old  Testament  (with  the 
excej)tion  of  the  Genealogical  Tables,  some  parts  of  the  Levitical  Law,  and  a  few 
other  passages),  may  be  read  through,  once  in  a  year.  The  Tables  of  Portions, 
which  have  been  formed  chiefly  for  the  use  of  families,  will  be  found  in  the 
annexed  Calendar,  which  is  constructed  on  the  same  plan  as  that  prefixed  to  the 
Book  of  Common  Prayer,  in  which  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  portion  of 
Scripture  appointed  for  every  day  throughout  the  year. 


n 


PORTIONS    OF    SCRIPTURE 

FOR  EVERY  DAY  IN  THE  YEAR. 


The  following  Tables  are  designed  principally /o/-  the  Use  of  Families.     The  Arrangement  is  so  divided,  that 

by  reading  one  portion  daily,  the  Old  Testament  may  be  read  through  in  the  course  of  the  year. 

N.  B.  Only  the  Scripture  inserted  here  is  intended  to  be  read ;  the  Parallel  Passages,  which  are  printed  in 

smaller  type,  are  omitted. 


JANUARY. 


Portions  of  Scripture. 

Gen.  1;  2.4,  In  end 

Crri.  2.  1-3;  3 

On.  4 

lieu.    5 

(ieru  7.V.,  /„   en.ii 'ti."  \-l-i.'.'.'.'.'.'.\'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. . . . . 

r.vii.  y.  13,  ^.  (■»,/.•  y 

.;rii.  11.   M);    1(1;   11.    lU--2li 

Jul)  1  ;2;  3 

J. ill  4  ;  5;   li,   T 

JiihS;  t);   10 

J. ill  11  ;   1-2;   13;   14 

Jdh  16  ;'  I'J. .'...'. 

!l  ( I  h  2  -2  ;'  -73 '; '  -J  i ', "  ■':  o '. 

,l,ili-3'.  ^1  31 

lull   3-2.   („  37 

I  ih  3S.  In  4U.   1-.-. 

Job  40.  6,  to  end:  41  ;  42 

Oeii.  i\.-27,t„  end;   12;  13.    1 

Ueii.  20  ;   13.  2,  lu  end 

Geu.l4;  15;  16 

Gen.  17;   18.    1-15 

Gen.  18.  16,  to  end;  19 

Gen.  21 

(;eii.  22.  1-iy  ;    SA 

Gen.  22.  20,  iu  f«'/  ;  -,'4 

25.  29,  to  end;-y.!.  latin-  purt'i./  l,^to  end 
25.  12-18 

Gen.  27.  1-45 

Gen.  27.  46;  28;  20.  1-14 


FEBRUARY. 


Portions  of  Scrijjure. 

Gen.  99.  15,  to  end;  30 

Gen.   31 

Gen.  32;  33.  1-17 

Gen.  33.  18,  to  end  ;  38.  1-5  ;  34  ;  35.   1-27  ;    3(5. 

Gen.  37  ;  39.  l-ti  ;  38.  6,  tu  end 

Gen.  39.  7,  to  end  ;  40  ;  35.  28,  29  ;  41.  1-45 

Gen.  41.  46,  to  end;  42 

Gen.  43  ;  44  ;  45 

Gen.  46.  1-7  ;  37.  beirinnin<r  of  2  ;  46.  8,  to  end  ; 

47.  1-26 T 

Gen.  47.  27,  to  end  ;  48  ;  49 

Gen.  50.  2,  to  end  ;  E.vod.  1 

Kx(h1.2;  Psalm  88 

Kxod.  3;  4.  1-23 

!■;•,, Hi.  4.  -iy,  i„,-nd:  5;  6;  7.  1-13 

Kx.id.  7.  11,  (o  end;  S;  9;   10.  1-20 

C.\ud.  12.  1  -20  ;  10.  21-27  ;  11.1-8;  10.  28,  29  ; 
11.  8-10;   19.21-36,  40-42 

Num.  33.  1-4  ;  E.\od.  12.  37-39,  43,  In  end  ;  13. 
1-20 ;  i\nm.  33.  7  ;  E.\od.  14.  1-18 

Xuni.  33.  8;  E.vod.  14.  19,  to  end;  15.  1-26; 
Num.  33.  9,  10 

E.TOd.  16;  Num.  33.  11-13;  Exod.  17 

Num.  33.  15;  Exod.   19  ;  20 

Exod.  21;  22;  23;  24 

Exod.  25;  26;  27 

E\od.28;  29 

Exod.  30;  31 

Exod.  32;  33;  34 

Exod.  35.  to  40 

Lev.  1.  to  7 

Lev.  8;  9;  10.  1-7 

Lev.  10.  8,  to  end;  Num.  9.  1-14;  Lev.  11 

VOL.  I.  3 


MARCH. 


Portions  of  Scripture. 


Lev.  12  ;  13  ;  14.  1-32. 
Lev.  14.  33,  to  end;  15; 

Lev.  17;  18;  19 

Lev.  20;  21  ;  22 

Lev.  23;  24 


27;  Num.  1  ;  2. 

3;  4 

5;  6 


.Viim.  8;   lU.  1-10;  Exod.  18.  1-26 

Num.  9.  15,  to  end  ;  10.  11-98,  33,  to  end,  29,  32  : 

E.xod.  18.27;  Num.  11  ;   12.  1-15 

Num.  12.  16;  13;  14:  Psalm  90 

Num.  15;   16;   17....' 

Num.  18;  19;  33.  19-35 

Num.  20.   1-21  ;    21.  1-3  ;  20.  22-29  ;    33.  38,  39  ; 

20.  29;  21.  4-9  ;  33.  49,  43  ;  21.  11  ;  33.  45  ; 

21.  12,  to  part  of  18,  21,  to  end;  33.  40,  47  ; 
21.  la^t  «/  18,  19,  20 

Num.22;  23  ;  24 

Num.  33.  49  ;  25  ;  26 

Num.  27.  l-Il  ;  36.  1-19  ;  96;  20 

Num.  30;  31 

Num.  32  ;  33.  .J  >,  li>  <  «./  .  3  1  ;  3.'i 

Ueut.  1  ;  2.  1  ;  10.  6-9  ;  2.  9,  (.-  cud  ;  3  ,   4.  1-40  . 

Deut.  4.  41,  (»  end;  5;  6;  7;  8 

Deut.  9  ;  JO.  1-5,  10,  to  end  ;  11 

Deut.  12.  (()  16;  17.  1 

Deut.  17.  2,  to  end  ;  18  ;  19 

Deut.  20  ;  21  ;  29 

Deut.  23;  24;  25;  26 

Deut.  27;  28 

Deut.  29  ;  30  ;  Num.  36.  13 ;  27.  12,  to  end;  De. 

3J.  1-8 

Deut.  31.  9,  to  end;  32.  1-47 


APRIL. 


Portions  of  Scripture. 


33  ;  34. 


■;  8.  1-29. 


end  ; 


De.  39.  48,  to  e 

Jos.   1.  1-9;  2 

Jos.  1.  10,  lo  end;  3  ;  4  ;  5.  1-12 

6.  1  ;  5.  13,  to  end  ;  6.  2,  lo  end; 

Jos.  9  ;  10 

Jos.  11  ;  8.  30,  to  end;  29 

Jos.  12;    13.  1-14 

Jos.  14.  1-5;    13.  15,  to  end:  14.  0, 

13-19,  1-12,  9.0,  to  end;  16 

Jos.  17  ;   18;   19 

Jos. 20  ;  21.  1-42 

Jos.  21.  43,  to  end;  23;  24 

Judg-s  1;  2.1-13;  17;  18 

Judgesl9;  20;  91 

Judges  2.  14,  to  end;   3.  1-31 

Judges  4  ;  5  ;  6.  1-6 

The  Book  of  Ruth 

Judges  6.  7,  to  end;  7;  8 

Judges  9;  10.  1-5 

Judges  10.  6,  toend:  II  ;  12.  1-7 

Judges  12.  8,  to  end;  13 

1  Sam.  1;  9.  1-91  ;  3 

Judges  14  ;  15.  1-19  ;  1  Pam.  2.  22,  to  end , 

Judges  16;  1  Sam.  4 , 

1  Sam.  5;  6;  7;  8 

1  Sam. 9;  10 

1  Sam.  1 1  ;  12 

1  Sam.  13;  14 

1  Sam.  15;    16.  1-13 

1  Sam.  17.  1-40,  55,  56,  41-54,  57,  58  ;  18.  1-4 
Psal  m  9 

1  Sam.  18.  5-9  ;    16.  14,  to  end;    18.  10,  to  end 
19.  1-3  ;  Ps.  11  ;  1  Sam.  19.  4-17  ;  Ps.  59. . 


18 


PORTIONS   OF   SCRIPTUHE   FOR    EVERY    DAY    IN   THE    YEAR. 


MAY. 

— -       ■          ■■                         1 

JULY. 

Day. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

ti 

9 
10 

II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 

17 

18 

19 

20 

21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 

27 
28 
29 

30 
31 

Portions  of  Scripture. 

Page 
411 

413 
417 

423 
426 

429 
434 

438 
440 

444 
448 
452 
456 
460 
4G4 

468 
470 

474 

480 

483 
489 
492 
496 
499 
501 

.506 
510 
513 

516 

m 

Day. 

1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 
17 
18 

19 

20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
99 
30 

31 

Portio?is  of  Scrijjture. 

Page 
605 

to. 

607 
(i()9 
610 
G19 
615 
616 
617 
618 

621 

623 
627 

629 

631 
634 
635 

637 

640 
643 
644 
647 
649 
651 
653 
655 
657 
658. 
660 

664 

1  S^irn.  19.  I8,tue„d;  20 

1  yum.  21  ;  Ps.  5  i,  34  ;  1  Sam.  22.  part  o/l  :  Ps. 
142  i  1  Sam.  22,/""-«  </l,  2  ;  1  Cli.  12.  8-18  ; 
iSaMi.   -Si.    I:)-I7 

Prov.  29  ..   .. 

Prov.  30 

1  S.uM     ■'.  ::   1  1,   !■..  .-.J,  Mi>j,  17,  140,35,64.... 

1  ■-■    1     ■      1                 '        -/.  2;j.  6, 2-5, 7-12 ;  I's. 

-  '           i             !■>.  .^)4;  1  Sii.  23.24-28. 

1  S,,„,.  -J.:.  -1:1:    '1,   i'..  .,;,  58,63 

1  Ki.  11.  1-14,  93-40 

Eccles.  1  ;  2 

Eccles.  3  ;  4  ;  5.  1  12 

J  Sam.  -S,  ;  -Ju  ;  27.  1  ;  I'.s.  lU  ;  1  Sain.  27.  2-7  ; 

1  Cli.  12.  1-7;  1  Sairi.  27.  S.toei.d 

1  Sam.  28  ;  29  ;  1  Cii.  12.  19-22  ;  1  Sam.  30. . . . 
1  Sam.  31 ;  1  Ch.  10.  13,  14 ;  2  Sam.  I 

EcLles.6.  12;  7 

Eccles.  8  :  9 ;  10 

Ec(  les.  11  ;  12  ;  1  Ki.  1 1.  41  ;  2  Ch.  9.  part  »/29 ; 
1  Ki    11   4^   43 

1    Ki.    14.  part  «/91;  12.   1-24;  2  Ch.   11.  5,  to 
aid ;   12.  1  ;  1  Ki.  14.  22,  24  ;  2  Ch.  12.  2,  to 
end 

1  KI.  12.9,5,  to  end;   13 

2  Ch.  13.  1-21  ;  2  Ki.  15.  .3-8;  2  Ch.  13.  22,  14, 

partofl 

1  Ki.    15.  9-11  ;  2  Ch.   14.  3 ;  1  Ki.   15.  12-15; 
2  Ch.  14.  4-6,  part  of  1,  7,  to  end;   15.  1-15, 
18,  19  ;  1  Ki.  15.  16-2i  ;  2  Ch.  16.  7,  to  end. . 

IKi.  14.  1-90;  15.25-31 

1  Ki    15   32   to  end ;  16                         

2  Sam.  .5.  1-3  ;  1  Cli.  13.  1-4 ;  Ps.  139 ;  1  Cli.  12. 
23,  to  aid  ;  2  Sam.  23.  8-12  ;  I  Cli.  11.  20,  t„ 
end;  2  Sam.  5.  4  10 

1  Cli.  15.  1-14;  P.S.  132;  1  Ch.  15.  15,  tu  end;  16. 
Ps.  105,  93,  106  ;  2  Sam.  6.  20,  to  end 

2  Sam.  7;  Ps.  2 

Ps.  45,22,  16,  118,  110 

■2  Sam.  8.  1-12 ;  1  Ch.  18  ;  12  ;   2  Sam.  8.  14,  tu 
end;  13;  1  Ki.  11.  15-20;  Ps.  60,  108 

2Sam.4.  4,  9;  10;  Ps.  20,  21 

2  Sam.  11;  12.1-15;  Ps.  51,  32,  33,  107  ;  2  Sam. 
12.  15-23,  26,  to  end 

1  Ki.  22.  41-44,  46,  47;  2  Ch.  17.  2,  to  end;  18. 

1,  2  ;  19.  1-7  ;  Ps.  82 ;  2  Ch.  19.  8,  to  end. . 

2  Ch.  20.  1-26 ;  Ps.  115,  46 :  2  Ch.  20.  27-30,  35, 

to  end;    1  Ki.  29.  49  ;  2  Ki.  8.  16;  2  Ch.  20. 
3-1  .34  •  1  Ki  2^    end  of  45  50 

2  Sam.  13.  1-23;  12.  24,  part  of  25;  13.  23,  to 
end ;  14.  1-7,  1.5-17,  8-14,  18,  to  end 

2  Sam.  15.  1-29;  Ps.  3 ;  9  Sam.  15.  30,  to  end; 
16.  1-14  ;  Ps.  7  ;  2  Sam.  16.  15,  tu  end ;  17. . 

P.<.  42,  43,  55,  4,  5 

IKi.  n..; 

1  Ki.  18;  19 

I's.  62,  143,  144,70,71 

2  Sam.  18;  19;  20.  3 

IKi    22.  1-40 

1  Ki.92.51,toe«rf;  2Ki.  1;  3.   l-,5 

2  Sam.  21.  15,  tuend;  22;   Ps.  18 

2  Sam.  2 1.  1-9  ;  1  Ch.  31.  6,  7  ;  27.  23,  24 ;  2  Sam. 

24.  10-15;  1  Ch.  21.  15,  16;  2  Sam.  24.  17; 

1  Ch.  21.  part  of  17,  to  end ;  Ps.  30 

9  Ki.  3.  6,  to  end 

2Ki.4 

9Ki.  5;  6.  1-2:! 

2Ch.21.    1,  5-7,9-1,   11-15,  8-lU,    li.,  to   end; 

2Ki.8.23,94 

2Ki.  6.  24,  £«e«d;  7;  8.  1-6 

1  Ch.Sa;  IKi.   1 

1  Ch.  2.3.  1;    28.  1-10;    Ps.  !)l,  ir, 

1  Ch.  23  2,  to  end;  24  ;  25  ;  -j!. ;  -,'7.   1--J-J,  ■>:,,  to 

end;  28.  11,  tu  end 

Ps.  411,41,61,  65,  C9 

Ps.  78 

JUNE. 

AUGUST. 

Day. 

1 
2 
3 

■1 

6 

8 
9 

10 

11 
12 

13 

14 
15 
16 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 

23 

24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

Portions  of  Scripture. 

Page 

"528 
530 
533 
536 
538 

541 
542 
546 

549 

554 
557 

559 

564 
5C6 

568 
570 

572 
.576 

.578 
,580 
583 
.586 

588 

Day. 

Portions  of  Sci-ipture. 

Page 

666 

668 

671 

673 
676 

677 
(i80 
()80 
681 
683 
fi86 
688 
691 
693 
696 
698 
700 
703 

705 
708 
709 

710 

712 
714 
716 
719 
790 
791 
7-^3 

Ps.  6,  8,  12,  19.  23 

1 

2 
3 

4 

5 
6 

7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

24 

25 
26 
97 
98 
99 
30 
31 

2  Ch.  22.  1 ;  2  Ki.  8.  25  ;  2  Ch.  22.  9-7  ;  2Ki.  9. 
part  0/  27  ;  2  Ch.  22.  8,  part  ,/  9  ;  2  Ki.  9. 
part  of  27,  28  ;  2  Ch.  22.  part  of  9  ;  2  Ki.  9. 

Ps.  24,  98,  29,  38,  39 

Ps.8;,95,   101,  104 

I's.  120,  191,  122,  194,  131,  133 

1  Ch.  -i'J.  1-19;   Ps.  79;  1  Ch.  99.  20-2.5 

1  Ki.  2.  1-9  ;  2  Sam.  23. 1-7  ;  1  Ch.  29.  26,  to  end ; 
1  Ki.  2.  10 

2  Ki.  8.  7-15  ;  9.  1-23,  30,  to  end ;  10.  1-28 

2Ch.  22.  10,  to  end;  24.  7-11;  23.  1-15;  2  Ki. 
10.29... 

1  Ki.2.  12;  2Ch.  1.  1;   IKi.li.:!;  -J  CI],  I.-J-C; 
IKI.3.5,  Hoeni/;  2  Ch.  1.  I.f  ;   1  Ki.-J.  i:i-:t8  ; 
11. 21, -32 

2Ki.   12.  pari  «/  1 ;  11.  21;  12.  end  of  1,2,3; 
2  Ch.  23.  16,  to  end  ;  24.  3-5  ;  2  Ki.  12.  4-6  ; 
2Cli.  94.  6;   2  Ki.  12.7-14;   2  Ch.  24.  12- 
14  ;  2  Ki.  12.  15-18  ;  2  Ch.  24.  15-27  ;  2  Ki. 

1  Ki.  4.  1-25 ;  2  CIi.  2.  1,  2  ;  1  Ki.  5.  1-9  ;  2  cii. 
2.  3-16  ;  1  Ki.  5.  10,  to  end  ;  2  Ch.  2.  17,  18  ; 
1  Ki.  2.  .39,  to  end  ,•  3.  1,  9 

2  Ch.  3.  1  ;  1  Ki.  6.  1  ;  2  Ch.  3.  2-9  ;   1  Ki.  6.  4-8, 

15-28  ;  2  Ch.  3.  part  of  13,  14  ;  1  Ki.  6.  29-30  ; 

7.  13-22 :  2  Ch.  4.  1  ;  1  Ki.  7.  23-.50 ;  2  Ch. 

4.  8-10  ;   1  Ki.  6.  9-14  ;  7.  51  ;  6.  37,  38 

2  Ch.  5.  1-10  ;  Ps.  47,  97.  98,  99,  100;  2  Ch.  5. 

11-14 

9Ki.   14.   1-6;  2Ch.  95.  5-11  ;  2  Ki.   14.  part  of 
7  ;    2  Ch.  2.5.  19-16  ;   2  Ki.  14.  8-14  ;   2  Ch. 

9Ki.  13.  ^,  to  end,  11-13;  14.23.24 

2  Ch.  96.  1  ;  2  Ki.  15.  1  ;  2  Ch.  261  2-15 

Joel  1 

Ps.  13.5,  1.36 ;  2  Ch.  7.  4  7 

.Io-12;  3..... 

9Ch.  26.  16-91;  Is.  1.  1  ;  6 

9  Ch.  6.  1-39  ;  1  Ki.  8.  50-61  ;  9  Ch.  6.  40,  to  end; 

1  Ki.7.  1-12;  9Ch.  7.  n,toe^,d;  1  Ki.  9.  10-14  ; 

2  Cli.8.  1-11  ;  1  Ki.  9.  94 

The  Sons;  of  Sdlomon  1:2- 

Is.  5;  2  Ch.  26.  29,  23 

2  Ki.  14.  25-27  ;  Hosea  1 ;  2  ;  3 

Amos  1  •  "     

1  Ki.  9.  15-23  ;  2  Ch.  8.  12-16  ;  1  Ki.  9.  26,  to  end  ; 
2  (^h.  8.  17  ;  1  Ki.  10.  14,  to  end  ;  4.  26-28,  34  ; 
10.1-13 

2  Ki.  14.  98  ;  Amos  7.  10,  to  the  end  of  the  Book  ; 

2Ki.l4.29 

Hosea  4 

1  Ki.  4.  29-31,  33,  32 :  Prov.  1  ;  9 

Prov.3;   4 .. 

"  Ki   15  8-26 

Prov.  5  ;  6 

Prov.7;8;   9 

2  Ki.  15.  32  ;  2  Ch.  27.  1,  2 ;  2  Ki.  15.  part  of  35  ; 

Prov.  10;  11 

Micah  9;    2  Ch.  27.  3,  to  end;    2  Ki.  15.  37, 

Prov.  19;  13 

Prov.  16;  17 

590 

Is    «•  9;  10.   1-4 

Prov.  18;  19 

594 
596 
599 
609 
604 

Prov.  90 ;  21  ;  22.  1-16 

Prov.  22.  17,  to  end;  93;  24 

Prov.  25  ;  26  . 

•"•  Ch   98   4-19       

Is    1    ')   to  end 

Prov.  27 

725 

PORTIONS   OF   SCRIPTURE   FOR  EVERY   DAY  IN   THE   YEAR. 


19 


SEPTEMBER. 


Portions  of  Scripture. 


2Chron.  -28.  20-23;   2  Ki.  IG.  10-18;   2Cliroii. 

28.  24,  25  ;  Hosea  5  ;  6 

2Cbron.28.  26,27;  Is.  14.  28,  to  end;  2  Kings 

15.  30,  31;  17.  1,2 

2  Kings  18.  1-6  ;  2  Ch.  29.  3,  to  end  ;  30  ;  31 

Is.  15;  16 

Micah3j4;  5 

Micah  6,  to  end  of  Book ;  2  Kings  18.  7,  8 

Is.  18;  19 

'I'lie  Book  of  Nahiini 

ts.  23 

Is.  10.  5,  to  end;  11;  12 

Is.  13;  14.  1-27 

Is   24;  25;  26;  27 

Is.  22.  1-14;  21 

2  Ch.  33.  ]-8  ;  2  Ki.  18.  13-16  ;  Is.  20 

Is.  29;  30;  31 

2  Kings  2i).  l-ll;  Is.  32  ;  33 

Is.  34  ;  35  ;  38.  9-20  ;  2  Cliron.  32.  25, 26  ;  2  Ki. 

20.  12-19 

Is.  36.  ]  ;  2  Ki.   18.  17,  to  end;  19.  1-7  ;  Ps.  44  ; 

2Ki.  19.  8-19;  Ps.73 

2Ki.  19.  20-35;   9  Ch.  32.  2-2,  23;  Ps.   75,  76; 

2  Ki.  19.  36,  37 

Is.  40;  41 

Is.  42;  43 

Is.  44  ;   45 

Is.  46;  47 

Is.  48 

Is.  49 

[s.  50  ;  51  ;  52.   1-12 

Is.  52.  13,  ilo  end ;  53 

Is.  .54 

Is.  55;  56.  1-8 

Is.  53.  9,  Jo  end;  57  ;  58  ;  59.1-15 


OCTOBER. 


Portions  of  Scripture. 

[9.  59.  16,  tn  end;  60;  61  ;  62;  63 

Is.  64,  to  the  end  of  Ike  Book 

2  Ch.  32.  27-31 ,  part  of  32  ;   2  Ki.  20.  part  of  20  : 
2  Ch.  32.  32,  33  ;  2  Ki.  17.3,  4 ; 

Hosea  10,  to  the  end  of  the  Book 

■2  Kinss  18.  9-12;  17.  7-23,5,6 

2  Kings  21.    1-lu  ;    Is.  22.  15,  to  end;   2  Ch.  33. 

11-19;  2  Ki.  21.  17,  18 

2  Kings  17.  24,  to  end  ;  21.  19,  to  end ;  22.  1,2: 

2  Ch.  34.  3-7 

Jer.  1  ;  2  ;   3.1-5 

2  Ch.  34.  8-32 

The  Book  of  Zephaniah 

2  Kings  23.  4-20;  2  Ch.  34.  33;  35.  1-19 

Jer.  3.  6,  to  end 

ler.  4  ;  5  ;  6 

The  Book  of  Habakkuk 

Jer!9;  W.'".V.'.'.'.V.V.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'^.V.'.'.'.'.^V.'.V. 

lei.  11;   12 

2  Ch.  35.  20-24;  2  Ki.  23.  95-27  ;  2  Ch.  35.  25. 

to  end  ;  2  Ki.  23.  part  o/30,  31-37 '. 

Jer.  13 

Jer.  14;  15 

Jer.  16;  17 

Jer.  18;  19  ;  23 

Jer.22.  1-23;  26 

Jer.  46.  1-12;  35 

Jer.  25;  3J.  1-8;  45 

Dan.  1.  1-7  ;  2  Ki.  24.  3,  4  ;  Jer.  36.  9,  to  end 

2  Ki.  24.  part  o/ 1,  2  ;  2  Ch.  36.  8 

2  Ki.  24.  6-9  ;  Jer.  -^2.  24,  to  end ;  23  ;  2  Ki.  24, 

10-16;  2Ch.  36.  10 

Jer.  52.  1-3  ;  24  ;  29. 1-14,  16-20,  15,  21,  to  end. . 

Jer.  30;  31 

Jer.  27  ;  28 


NOVEMBER 


Day. 

Portions  of  Scripture. 

Pase. 

I 

Jer  48  ■  49 

913 
919 

9-26 
928 
932 
935 

938 

3 

2  Ch.  36.  11-21  ;  Jer.  39.  1 ;  2Ki.  25.  end  of  1, 

4 
5 
6 

7 

Jer.32:  33 

Jer.  37.'5;  47;  37.6-10;  34.  U,  to  end 

Jer.  37.  1 1,  to  end ;  21 ;  38  ;  39.  15,  to  end 

Jer.  52.  5,  6  ;   39.  3  ;   52.  7-11 ;  39.  11-14  ;  52. 
24-27,  12-14,  17-23, 15,  16  ;  39.  10 

Lam.  1;  2 

944 
948 
952 
956 

10 
11 
12 
11 

Lam.3;  4;  5 

Dan.  1.8,  to  end ;  Ezek.  1  ;  2  ;  3.  1-21 

E7.ek.3.22,  to  end ;  4;  5;  6;  7 

14 

Ezek.  11. 22,  to  Cfld;  12;  13;  14 

967 

16 

Ezek.  17;  18;  19 

976 

17 

Ezek.  20  ;  21 

981 

18 

Ezek  22-23             

986 

19 

Ezek.  24;   29.  1   16 

OO 

21 

2  Ki.  25.  22  ;  Jer.  40  ;  41 ;  42  ;  43.  1-7 

997 

24 

Ezek.  33.  21,  to  rad ,-  25 

1005 

25 

Ezek. 26:  27;  28 

1007 

26 

Ezek.  32  •  33.  1  20 

]01o 

27 

Ezek  34-  35  .             

1016 

08 

09 

DECEMBER. 


Portions  of  Scripture. 


Ezek.  43;  44;  45;  46 

Ezek.  47  ;   48 

Ezek.  29.  17,  toend;  30.  1-19 

Dan.  2 

Dan.  3;  4 

Jer.  52.  31,  to  end;  D.m.  7 

Psalinsl37,  130,  80,77,  37 

Psalms  67,  49,  53,  50,  10,  13,  14,  15,  25 

Psalms  26,  27,  36,  89,  92,  93,  123 

Dan.  5,8 

Dan.  9;  Psalm  102 

Dan.  6  ;  Ezra  1.  1-4;  Psalms  126,85 

Ezra  1.  5,  to  end  ;  2  ;  3.  1-7  ;  Psalms  107,  87. . 

Psalms  111,  11-3,  113,  114 

Psalms  116,  117,  1-25,  127,  1-28,134 

Ezra  3.  8,  to  end;  Psalms  84,  66 

Ezra  4.  1-5,  p(.  o/'24  ;  Ps.  129  ;  Dan.  10  ;  11  ;  12. 

Ezra  4.  part  of  24  ;  5.  1;  Hae.  1.  1-11;  Ezni 
5.2;  Hag.  1.  12,  to  e»d ;  2.  1-9;  Zech.  1 
1-6;  Hag. 2.  10,  to  end;  Zech.  1.  7,  to  end 
2.  tn  6 

Ezra  5.  3,  to  end ;  6.  1-13  ;  Ps.  138  ;  Zech.  7  ;  8. 

Ezra  6.  14,  to  end;  Psalms  48,  81,  146  to  150.. 

Ezra  4.  6-23  ;  Est.  1  ;  2.  1,  to  part  of  15 

Ezra  7  ;  8  ;  Est.  2.  part  of  15-20 

Ezra  9  ;   10 

Zech.  9.  to  the  end  of  the  Book 

Est.  2.  21,  to  the  end  of  the  Book 

Neh.  1.  fo6;  12.27-43 

Neh.  7;  8;  9;  10 

Neh.  11  ;  12. 1-9,  44,  to  end  ;  13.  1-3  ;  Psalm  1 

Psalm  119 

Mai.  1  ;  2;  3.  1-15 

Neh.  13.  4,  to  end ;  Mai.  3.  16,  to  end ;  4 


THE 


OLD    TESTAMENT 


PERIOD    I.''' 

FROM  THE  CREATION  TO  THE  DELUGE 


PART    I. 

THE    CREATION  Z^) 


Year  before  the(3)  Common  Year  of  Christ, 4004  I     Dominical  Letter, B 

Year  before  Clirist  according  to  Dr.  Hales 5411  Cycle  of  the  Moon, 7 

Julian  Period, 710  Indiction, 5 

Cycle  of  tlie  Sun, 10  I     Creation  from  Tun,  or  Seplcmber, 1 

Gen.  i.  and  ii.  4,  to  the  end. 
PART  I.         The  creation  of  heaven  and  earth,    3  of  the  light,   6  of  the  firmament,    9  of  the  earth  separated 

from  the  waters,    11  and  made  fruitful,    14  of  the  sun,  inoon,  and  stars,  20  of  fish  arul  fowl, 

*  Heb.  between  the  24  of  beasts  and  cattle,  26  of  man  in  the  image  of  God,  29  also  the  appointment  of  food.— 
li<rht  and  between.  Chap.  ii.  4.  the  manner  of  the  creation,  8  the  planting  of  tlu  garden  of  Eden,  10  and  the 
tile  darkness.  rirer  thereof     IG   The  tree  of  knowledge  only  forbidden.     19   The  naming  of  the  creatures, 

fHel).     Jind    the        1\  The  making  of  woman,  and  institution  of  marriage. 

Te'moiZgZt  UN  "the  beginning  God  created  the  heaven  and  the  earth.  ^And 
X  Heb.  an  eipan-  fijj^g  earth  was  without  form  and  void  ;  and  darkness  was  upon  the  face 

o  Gen.  14.19,92.  of  the   dcCp. 

n.'  &  %t  fi.  'And  the  Spirit  of  God  moved  upon  the  face  of  the  waters  ;  ^  and 
De.i^o.  w.'sja  <iQo(j  said,  "Let  there  be  hght ;"  and  there  was  hght.  ^And  God 
i'fi!26.'&29.  iL  saw  the  Hght,  that  it  was  good  ;  and  God  divided  *the  light  from  the 
9.  &^'9.  Vio.  &  darkness.  ^  And  God  called  the  light  Day,  and  the  darkness  he 
18.'  &^38.*4.^&  called  Night.  tAnd  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  first  day. 
ps^s^b'. &i9^'i:  '^Ai^'d  God  said,  "Let  there  be  ta  firmament  in  the  midst  of  the 
^i*-^'^-*^^^^  waters,  and  let  it  divide  the  waters  from  the  waters."  ^And  God 
50. 'i3.&  74.16,  made  the  firmament,  and  divided  the  waters  which  were  under  the 
feg^o.^l  &'93'.  firmament  from  'the  waters  which  were  above  the  firmament:  and  it 

5.  &  g.").  ."5.  &  98. 

5  &  102.  25.  &  104.  2,  5,  24,  30.  &  115.  15,  16.  &  121.  2.  &  124.  8.  &  134.  3.  &  136.  4.9.  &  140.  6.  &  147.  8.  &  148.  1-6. 
Pr  3  19.  &  8.  22-39.  &  16.  4.  Ec.  11.  5.  Is.  37.  16.  &  40.  2fJ,  26.  &  42.  5.  &  44.  24.  &  45.  7,  12,  18.  &  48.  13.  &  51.  13. 
Jer  5  2-^  &  10.  12  &  27.  5.  &  32.  17.  &  51.  1.5.  Zech.  12.  1.  Mat.  11.23.  Mark  13.  19.  John  1.  1-3.  Ac.  4.  24.  &  14. 
15  '&'l7.  24.  Ro.  1.  20.  &  11.  36.  1  Co.  8.  6.  Ep.  3.  9.  Col.  1.  16, 17.  He.  1.  3,  10.  &  3.  4.  &.  11.  3.  2  Pet.  3.  5.  1  Jo. 
1.  1.  Re.  3.  14.  &4.  II.&IO.  6.  &14.7.        6  Je.  4.  23.         c  Is.  40. 13, 14.         d  Mat.  8.3.  Jo.  11.  43.  2  Co.  4.  6.         «  Ps.  148.  4. 

(')  Two  objects   are  continually   kept  in  view  version,  or  the  misapprehension  of  certain  truths, 

throucrhout    the    volume    of  the   Old    Testament,  which  had  once  been  universally  known.     Moses 

One  is,  to  turn  men  from  idolatry  in  all  its  forms  therefore  commences  his  narrative,  by  relating,  in 

of  vice  and  error  ;  the  other,  to  direct  their  atten-  simple  language,  the  truths  thus  disguised  or  per- 

tion,  by  the  gradual  development  of  the  scheme  verted;  and  he  alludes,  in  many  of  liis  expressions, 

of  prophecy,  to  the   future  Messiah.     It  is  my  de-  to  the  surrounding  superstitions.     In  pursuance  of 

sign,  in  the  following  notes,  not  only  to  give  the  this  plan,  he  relates,  first,  the  creation  of  the  world 

reader,  wherever  it  may  appear  necessary,  satisfac-  by  the  one  true  God,  in  opposition  to  the  Egyptian 

tory  references  for  the  arrangement  I  have  adopted  ;  doctrines  of  the  necessary  eternity  of  the   world, 

but  to  point  out  the  wonderful  manner  in  which  and  an  infinite  succession  of  similar  worlds. — Vide 

Infinite  Wisdom  has   manifested  itself  in  the  gov-  Horsley's  Biblical  Criticisms,  vo\.  i.  p.  3 ;  Faber's 

ernment  of  the  world,  in  constant  reference  to  these  Origin  of  Pagaii   Idolatry,    vol.   i.    p.    111-152; 

two  great  objects.  Hale's  .Analysis,  vol.  i.  p.  317  ;  with  the  authorities 

(2)  The  design  of  Moses  will  be  better  understood,  in  Pritchard's  Egyptian  Mythology,  p.  178-167. 

if  we  consider  the  state  of  the  world  at  the  time  in  (3)   The  dates  of  the  Bible  chronology  are  chiefly 

which  the  Pentateuch  was  written.     Mankind  was  adopted  throughout :   [they  will  be  inserted  in  the 

absorbed  in  the  grossest  idolatry  ;  and  that  idolatry,  margin      at    the    begmning    of  every    section.— 

for  the  most  part,  originated  in  the  neglect,  the  per-  Dr.  Hales'  dates  are  also  given.— Ed.] 


22  THE  CREATION.  [Period  I. 

was  so.     ^  And  God  called  the  firmament  Heaven.     And  the  evening 

and  the  morninix  were  the  second  day. 
•''as^s  "Ps^ai  f       ^  And  God  'said,  '•  Let  the  waters  under  the  heaven  be  gathered 
&33.'7.&'io4.i);  together  unto  one  place,  and  let  the  dry  land  appear  ;"  and  it  was  so. 
^2rier%.2->:  !«  And  God  called  the  dry  land  Earth  ;  and  the  gathering  together  of 
2Pe.3.5.  the  waters  called  he  Seas:  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good.     ^^  And 

*iub. tender  Qod  Said,  "Let  the  earth  bring  forth  *grass,  the  herb  yielding  seed, 
^'"''  and  the  fruit  tree  yielding  fruit  after  his  kind,  whose  seed  is  in  itself, 

upon  the  earth  ;  "  and  it  was  so.  ^~  And  the  earth  brought  forth 
^Vn.  4.  19.  p«.  grass,  and  herb  yielding  seed  after  his  kind,  and  the  tree  yielding 
"&74t6.&iol:  fr^itj  whose  seed  was  in  itself,  after  his  kind;  and  God  saw  that  it 
i9.'&  uti.'v.  Je!  was  good.  ^^  And  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  third  day. 
^^L?.'betv.ecnthe  ^*  And  God  Said,  "  Let  nhere  be  lights'^'  in  the  firmament  of  the 
fr/J"/! *'''"'"  heaven  to  divide  tthe  day  from  the  night ;  and  let  them  be  for  signs, 
XH.'b'for  the  rule  and  for  scasons,  and  for  days,  and  years:  i^and  let  them  be  for  lights 
/jotaf?  i"  ^'^e  firmament  of  the  heaven  to  give  light  upon  the  earth  ;"  and  it 

i  v7.  m. '21-26.  was  so.  ^^  And  God  made  two  great  lights  ;  the  greater  light  Uo  rule 
*or,em7,n/.  ^.j^g  ^^y^  g,^j  ^j-,g  Jesscr  light  to  rulc  the  night:  he  made  Hhe  stars 
\nliuLifi.j.  al^o.  ^^  And  God  set  them  in  the  firmament  of  the  heaven  to  give 
* Heb. /ace  0/ <Ae  Jjalit  upon  the  earth,  ^^  and  to  rule  over  the  day  and  over  the  night, 
fij,aaMcntof,^.-  ^^^  ^^  ^.^  .^^^  ^^^^  ^.^j^^  ^^^^^_^  ^j^^  darkucss  ;  and'God  saw  that  it  was 

^^e'%^'t^slh  good.  ^'■'  And  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  fourth  day. 
io!'3,  s!  pk  100.  2o^,^fj  Qo(i  said,  "Let  Hhe  waters  bring  forth  abundantly  the 
m8!&i39.'i^  *moving  creature  that  hath  tlife,  and  tfowl  that  may  fly  above  the 
Kj^&b'fs.'Ecd:  earth  in  the  *open  firmament  of  heaven."  ^i  And  God  created  great 
%i  Acts'^n'a't  whales,  and  every  living  creature  that  moveth,  Avhich  the  waters 
|9-J^t)or.H.  7.  brought  forth  abundantly,  after  their  kind,  and  every  winged  fowl 
4. 4.°Epii-2."]o.  after  his  kind;  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good.  22  And  God  blessed 
fo.'^'fe' 3"°'io:  them,  saying,  "Be  fruitful,  and  multiply,  and  fill  the  waters  in  the 
kGeWA  Job  seas,  and  let  fowl  multiply  in  the  earth."  ^^  And  the  evening  and  the 
5.23.  Ps.8.  G-8.  morning  were  the  fifth  day. 

^7.^5r6.^'^Ecd:       24 And  God  said,  "Let  the  earth  bring  forth  the  living  creature 

ja.3.7."''  ~'^'  after  his  kind,  cattle,  and  creeping  thing,  and  beast  of  the  earth  after 

I  Ge.2.  21-21.  &  his  kind  ;  "  and  it  was  so.  ^^  And  God  made  the  beast  of  the  earth 

Ma:io.'G.'r6o:  after  his  kind,  and  cattle  after  their  kind,  and   every  thing  that  creep- 

f  Heb'LrprtA.     cth  upou  the  carth  after  his  kind  ;  and  God  saw  that  it  was  good."^ 

I  iieb.  'LZu^'         20  And  God  said,  "  Let^us  make  man  in  our  image,  after  our  likeness ; 

mGe"  9  1  7  &  ^"d  Met  tiicm  liavc  dominion  over  the  fish  of  the  sea,  and  over  the 

"i2.\  &  i7.](>,  fowl  of  the  air,  and  over  the  cattle,  and  over  all  the  earth,  and  over 

24'.*35.""&  '26.  every  creeping  thing  thatcrcepeth  upon  the  earth."  ~^  So  God  created 

■27,V^"Lt  2":  man  in  his  own  imasje,  in  the  image  of  God  created  lie  him  ;    'male 

Ps  37'!'22''2G.'&  and  female  created  He  them,  ^s  And  God  ""blessed  them,  and  God  said 

T'J^m  fl:  unto  them,  "Be  fruitful,  and  multiply,  and  replenish  the  earth,  and  sub- 

Pr.  3. 33.  '&.  id.  due  it ;  and  have  dominion  over  the  fish  of  the  sea,  and  over  the  fowl 

«^e  2  16.  &9.  of  the'air,  and  over  every  living  thing  that  tmoveth  upon  the  carth." 

3j,Job'28.'5.^&       29  And  God  said,  "Behold!  I  have  given  you  every   herb  tbcaring 

Ps'.  104.  l4,"  15;  seed,  which  is  upon  the  face  of  all  the  earth,  and  every  tree,  in  the 

&'i36.'*'25.''&  which  is  the  fruit  of  a  tree  yielding  seed  ;  "to  you  it  shall  be  for  meat. 

?!'■"•  &^'h7.^1  30  And  to  every  beast   of  the  earth,  and  to  every  fowl  of  the  air,  and 

i!u!i2%r.'^Jo'fi:  to  every  thing  that  crecpeth  upon  the  earth,  wherein  there  is  *life,  I 

32."a"c.14'.i7.&  have  given  every  green  herb  for  meat;"  and  it  was  so.    ^^  And  God 

17.25.  1  I..  (..  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^j^.^^^  -j^^^   j^^  j^^j  made,  and,  behold,  it  was  very  good! 

*,"f  ■  "  '"""°   And  the  evening  and  the  morning  were  the  sixth  day. 


(•»)  Tlie  sun  and  moon  being  objects  of  worsliip,  tions  the  creation  of  vegetables,  reptiles,  and  inferior 

Moses  here   specifies  the  purposes  for  which  tliey  animals,  many  of  which   were  worsliipped  by  the 

were  created  ;  as  if  in  ridicule  of  the   idolatrous  Egyptians  ;    thereby   asserting,  in  the  very  begin- 

Sabianism  of  the  day.  ning  of  his   work,  the  superiority  of  the  God  ot 

(»)  For  the  same  reason  (vide  note  '')  he  men-  Israel  to  the  gods  of  the  Lgyptians. 


p^^^  J ,  INSTITUTION  OF  THE  SABBATH.  23 

„  seeGe.  1. 1.  4  ThesG  "urc  the  generations  of  the  heavens  and  of  the  Gc,,.^ii.  4,  u, 

pjoi.  38.  26-28  J      J        ^^       ^,ej.e<«^  created,  in  the  day  that  the  Lord 

^.".rr^S  God  made  the  earth  and  the  heavens,  ^and  evej-y  plant  of  the  field 
'r  .  ,c,  o_3  ^  before  it  was  in  the  earth,  and  every  herb  of  the  hdd  before  it  grew  ; 
'',':%i:'l\^\t  fo,  the  Lord  God  had  not  'caused  it  to  rain  upon  the  earth,  and  tnere 
?^b,tf  is.  I2:  was  not  a  man  to  till  the  ground.  '  But  f  there  went  up  a  mist  from 
fi  t  V:l-^l  the  earth,  and  watered  the  whole  face  of  the  ground 
lo/i4''Ef^  '  And  the  Lord  God  'formed  man  tof  the  dust  of  the  ground  and 
fii^i^^  breathed  into  his  nostrils  the  breath  of  life  ;  and  man  became  a  living 

45.   9.  &  (54.   8.    gQjjl 

1:-tU.^A.  ^  sXnd  the  Lord  God  planted  "a  garden  eastward  in  Eden ;  and 
^^o^2.!^-AcJ;  there  he  put  the  man  whom  he  had  formed.  ^  And  out  of  the  ground 
IVfis^f  4?:  made  the  Lord  God  to  grow  every  tree  that  is  pleasant  to  the  sight 
lco.f:"''  a„d  ,ood  for  food ;  Hhe  tree  of  life  also  in  the  midst  of  the  garden, 
*r;,r  "^''^  and  tlie  tree  of  knowledge  of  good  and  evil.  i«  And  a  river  vyent  out 
r°Ge.3.a3,24.&  ^f  gdcn  to  watcr  the  garden;  and  from  thence  it  was  parted,  and 
'■  "•  "  ":  "  became  into  four  heads!     -  The  name  of  the  first  is  Pison:  that  is 


l-k  f3."^-3i:  it  which  compasseth  the  whole  land  of  Havilah  where  ihere  is  gold  ; 
8,9.  Joel  2. 3.  12  and  the  gold  of  that  land  is  good  :  there  is  bdellium  and  the  onyx 
'3*'T8.\'u.  30:  stone  13  And  the  name  of  the  second  river  is  Gihon  :  the  same  is  it 
je.^2.  7.^22.  ^j^^^  compasseth  the  whole  land  of  ^Ethiopia.  ^^  And  the  name  of 
*Heb.  cush.  thg  third  river  is  Hiddekel :  that  is  it  whioli  goeth  ttoward  the  east 
^i^yrr^'  '"  of  Assyria.     And  the  fourth  river  is  Euphrates. 

Xou^dam.  15  ^nd  the  Lord  God  took  tthe  man,  and  put  him  into  the  garden 

*,w;-r.'"= """  of  Eden  to  dress  it  and  to  keep  it.     '^  And  the  Lord  God  commanded 

tGc  3.  1,  3, 11,  the  man  sayin<T,  "  Of  every  tree  of  the  garden  ''thou  niayest  freely  eat ; 

^J^';L  1^  but  of  the  tree  of  the  knowledge  of  good  and  evil,  'jhou  shalt  not  eat 

\mtdie. "        of  jt .   for  in  the  day  that  thou  eatest  thereof  tthou   shalt  surely  die. 

"D?b7'-2a'  £z:      -^s  And  the  Lord  God  said,  "It  is  not  good  that  the  man  should  be 

f  1^'  '4-  I.  'I  alone  ;  I  will  make  him  an  help  tmeet  for  him."     ^'  And  out  of  the 

iV'ii-V-^l-  ground  the  Lord  God  formed  every  beast  of  the  field,  and  every  fowl 

6,  10,  23:  ■&.  ?:  of  the  air  •  and  brouuht  them  unto  *Adam,  to  see  what  he  would  call 

Tco.- 15"^  21,51  them;  and  whatsoever  Adam  called   every  living  creature,  that  was 

2^.''-,i'co,.^i:  the  name  thereof.     ^'^  And  Adam  tgave  names  to  all   cattle,  and  to 

la!  1!  I's!'  lit  the  fowl  of  the  air,  and  to  every  beast  of  the  field ;  but  for  Adam 

^•'*'-  there  was  not  found  an  help  meet  for  him. 

yieb.  ..  before  21  ^^^^^  ^,^^  ^oRD  God  caused  a  deep  sleep  to  fall  upon  Adam,  and 
*  Or,  the.  man.  |-,g  gjgpt  •  and  hc  took  oue  of  his  ribs,  and  closed  up  the  flesh  instead 
I'^t  r";f.  thereof,  '^=^  and  the  rib,  which  the  Lord  God  had  taken  from  man, 
iHe;-./.;;"  tmade  he  a  woman,  and  brought  her  unto  the  man.  ^^  A.id  Adam 
t  Heb.  isk.  gaid    a  'f  his  is  now    bone  of  my  bones,  and  flesh  of  my  flesh  ;  she 

\''3ri5:De'.2K  shall  bc  cdlcd  ^Wouiau,  bccausc  she  was  taken  out  of  tMan 
m'i  2%4Va  24  Therefore  "shall  a  man  leave  his  father  and  his  mother,  and  shall 
19'.' i.  Ma.' ^10^7:  cjgj^Yg  ^jj^to  his  wife ;  and  they  shall  be  one  flesh."  ^^  And  they  were 
^''' '''  ^'       "'  both  naked,  the  man  and  his  wife,  and  were  not  ashamed. 


6.   16.   &    7.    2 
Ep.  5.  31. 


PART    II. 

FART  II.  INSTITUTION  OF   THE   SABBATH,  AND   FALL   OF  MAN. 
Gen.  ii.  1-3,  and  chap.  iii. 

The  first  Sabbath. -Chzx^.m.  1  Tlie  serpent  deceiveth  Eve,  6  3Tan's  shameful  fall. ^  9  God 
an'atneth  them  U  Tlie  serpent  is  cursed.  15  Tlie  promised  seed.  16  The  pumsnment  of 
imnkind.     21    Their  frst  clothing.     22   Their  casting  out  of  paradise. 

1  THUS  the   heavens  and  the  earth  were  finished,  and  "all  the  host 

a  See  Ge.  1.1.     of  tlieui.    ^  Aiid  on  the  seventh  day  God  ended  his  work  which  he 

(6)  The  history  of  the  creation  is  recapitulated,  cessively  presented  themselves  to  a  spectator,  had 
Moses  describes  the  work  of  creation  through  its  a  spectator  been  in  existence.-Horsley  s  BA.  O^. 
several  stages,  as  the  phenomena  would  have  sue-     vol.  i.  p.  ^. 


A.  M.  1. 

B.  C.  4004. 

Hales,  5411 

J.  P.  710. 


24  THE  FALL  OF  MAN.  [Period  I. 

6^Ex.9o.8-i].&  had  made  ;  and  he  rested  on  the  seventh  day  from  all  his  work  which 
u-n:'h^\9!3,  he  had  made  :  ^  and  God  ''blessed  the  seventh  day,  and  sanctified  it ; 
25:  2?  & 'ao;  2,  because  that  in  it  lie  had  rested  from  all  his  work  which  God  ^created 

34,   35.    Nu.  15.  1    ™„  Jp  (7) 

32-36.  De.  5.  12-  ^Hfl  maQC. 

14.  Ne.9.  i4.^&       1  -^Q^y  the  serpent  was  more  subtle  than  any  beast  of  the    gmi.  w. 

i9.'56.'2-G.&58'.  field  which  the  Lord  God  had  made.     And  he  said  unto  the 

si!  27.  Ez!  -30:  woman,  "  tYea,  hath  God  said, '  Ye  shall  not  eat  of  every  tree  of  the 

12.      Ma.  2.  2 
Iai.    13.    14, 


garden?'"  -And  the  woman  said  unto  the  serpent,  "  We  may  eat 
l:  °He^4. 4-io!'  of  the  fruit  of  the  trees  of  the  garden  ;  ^  but  of  the  fruit  of  the  tree 

*  luh.^'creatcd  to  which  is  lu  the  midst  of  the  garden,  God  hath  said,  'Ye  shall  not  eat 
vmke^  of  it,  neither  shall  ye  touch  it,  lest  ye  die.'  "  ^  And  the  serpent  said 

^caiL^c,  E' *""     unto  the  woman,  "  Ye  shall  not  surely  die  ;  ^  for  God  doth  know  that 

X  neh.  a  desire,     [yi  tho  day  ye  eat  thereof,  then  your  eyes  shall  be  opened,  and  ye 

*MrdaboT'^''      shall  bo  as  gods,  knowing  good  and  evil."  '"' 

ejobss.  1.  c  And  when  the  woman  saw  that  the  tree  was  good  for   food,  and 

t  Heb.  wind.        tijg^t  jt  ^yjjg  ^pleasant  to  the  eyes,  and  a  tree  to  be  desired  to  make  one 

%\%2^^vs^ht  wise,  she  took  of  the  fruit  thereof,  and  did  eat,  and  gave  also  unto 
jer!23!'24.^  Am!  her  husbaud  with  her  ;  and  he  did  cat.  ''  And  the  eyes  of  them  both 
9- g2.j3-  Jon.  1.  ^^.gj-e  opened,  and  they  knew  that  they  were  naked  ;  and  they  se\\cd 

eil.kao.  Mio.  fig-leaves  together,  and  made  themselves  *aprons. 
7.17. '     ' '  8  ^4nd  they  heard  'the  voice  of  the  Lord  God  walking  in  the  garden 

^m:n!\i'is^7.  in  the  tcool  of  the  day  ;  and  Adam  and  his  wife  ''hid  themselves  from 
\f^jf\^\2t'  the  presence  of  the  Lord  God  amongst  the  trees  of  the  garden.  ^  And 
Da.  9.  26.  AnT.  the  LoRD  God  called  unto  Adam,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Where  art 
lilii^'^.t  I',  thou?  "  ^^  And  he  said,  "I  heard  thy  voice  in  the  garden,  and  I  was 
k*'34;  &  isls^  afraid,  because  I  was  naked;  and  I  hid  myself."  ^^  And  he  said, 
fs^^S.^.'^ss;  "Who  told  thee  that  thou  wast  naked?  Hast  thou  eaten  of  the  tree, 
76;&22.53.jo.8!  whcrcof  I  commanded  thee  that  thou  shouldest  not  eat?"  ^^  And  the 
28'.3-6."uo'.3.'i3.  nian  said,  "  The  woman  whom  thou  gavest  to  be  with  me,  she  gave 
^  Ep.t's^^cot  me  of  the  tree,  and  I  did  eat."  ^^  And  the  Lord  God  said  unto  the 
14/15.  I'^Ll:  woman,  "  What  is  this  that  thou  hast  done  ?  "  And  the  woman  said, 
Re  o'lo'&i'j"  "  The  serpent  beguiled  me,  and  1  did  eat." 
7,Vi7.  ic  20.  ?;       11  And   the  Lord  God  said  unto  the  serpent,  "  Becau.se   thou  hast 

ffGo.  35.  iG-18.  done  this,  thou  art  cursed  above  all  cattle,  and  above  every  beast  of 
1  sa.4.i9, 20.'  ti^j,  f-g|(j.  „pQj^  thy  belly  shalt  thou  go,  and  'dust  shalt  thou  eat  all 

^^ylusS!  '"  the  days  of  thy  life:  ^^  and  I  will  put -^enmity  between  thee  and  the 

A  Nu. 30. 7,8,13.  woman,  and  between  thy  seed  and  her  seed;  it  shall  bruise  thy 
7:'4.^&  li.  3.^&  head,  and  thou  shalt  bruise  his  heel.'"'^ 

^li"  33 '^^i:       ^^  Unto  the  woman  He  said,  "  I  will  greatly  multiply  thy  sorrow  and 
3. 'is.'  i,.tk  a'-  thy  conception;  ^in  sorrow  thou  shalt  bring  forth  children;   and  thy 
iPo."3.V-6.~"^'  desire  shall  be  tto  thy  husband,  and  he  shall 'rule  over  thee." 
iisa.  15. 23.  17  And  unto  Adam  He  said,  "  Because 'thou  hast  hearkened  unto 

iEc^h  2,3,^13,  the  voice  of  thy  wife,  and  hast  eaten  of  the  tree,  of  which  I  com- 
Ro.  8:20-22^.'  ■  manded  thee,  saying,  'Thou  shalt  not  eat  of  it:'  ^cursed  is  the  ground 
^A°M:^' '''  ^°'  for  thy  sake ;  "in  sorrow  shalt  thou  eat  of  it  all  the  days  of  thy  life  ; 

n  As  Adam  and  Eve  were  created  on  the  sixth  curious    reader   may   compare   the    authorities    in 

day,  the   liistory  of  their  creation   necessarily  pre-  Faber's    O/vV/m    of  Pasfan    I'loUitry     with     Dean 

cedes  the  account  of  tiie  institution  of  the  Sabbatli.  Allix's  Rrficctions  on  the  Boohs  of  M<^es,  particu- 

Li.rhtroot  inserts  tlie  institution  of  tlie  Sabbath  after  larly  chapters  x.-xvni. ;  in  winch  the  Dean  shows, 

the"  Fall ;  but  we  Ir.ve  no  proof,  from  the  history,  that  Moses  related  nothing  but  what  was  generally 


on  what  day  the  Fall  look  place.     There  is  a  tradi-  known. 

tion  that  our  first  parents  were  in  Paradise  forty         (")  From  the  moment  of  the  announcement  of 

jj„yg  this  promise,  the  bright  and  morning  star  of  prop'^- 

' '(»)  The  history  of  the  Fall,  and  the  account  of  ecy,  mankind  lived  in  constant   and  sometimes 

tiie   .rarden  of  Eden,  which   precedes  it.  must  be  daily,  expectation  of  the  Messiah.     Their  attenti 

tnUon  literallv:  there  is  no  proof  or  appearance  of  was  now  directed  to  their  future   De  iverer  ;  a 


ntion 
and 


taken  literally ;  there  is  no  proof  ...   „,,, „ -  •  ,■        ,,  . 

alle<rory  ;  and  that  they  were  always  so  understood  we  shall  see  their  expectation  continually  renewed 
is  sufliciently  evident  from  the  remains  of  the  by  the  long  train  of  prophecies  and  institutions 
traditions  of  ancient  nations.  The  proofs  are  too  till  the  aged  Simeon  desired  to  depart  when  he 
numerous   even    to    be    hinted    at   here ;    but   the     beheld  the  promised  Salvation. 


Paut  in.]  HISTORY  OF  ADAM  AND  HIS  DESCENDANTS.  25 

*  Heb.  cause  to  IS  tjioms    also  and   thistles  shall  it  *bnng    forth  to  thee  ;    and    thou 

shalt  eat  the  herb  of  the  field  ;  ^'■'  in   the  sweat  of  thy  face  shalt  thou 

/Go. 2. 7.  eat  bread,  till  thou  return  unto  the  ground  ;   'for  out  of  it  wast  thou 

taken :    for  dust  thou  art,  and  unto  dust  shalt  thou  return." 
t  Heb.  chavait;        20  ^j^^j  Adaui  Called   his  wife's   name  tEve ;  because  she  was  the 
tiatis,  i,mg.     j^Qi^j-jgj.  qJ'  g^ij  living.  -^  Unto  Adam  also  and  to  his  wife  did  the  Lord 
HI  Is.  Gi.  10.  Mat.  God  make  coats  of  skins,  and  '"clothed  them."*" 

22  ji^j^^  i^jjg  Lord  God  said,  "  Behold,  the  man  is  become  as  one  of 
us,  to  know  good  and  evil ;  and  now,  lest  he  put  forth  his  hand,  and 
n  Ex.  25.  18-iio.  take  also  of  the  tree  of  life,  and  eat,  and  live  for  ever."  ^^  Therefore 
jIs!  5^]3.^^i  If .'  the  Lord  God  sent  him  forth  from  the  garden  of  Eden,  to  till  the 
?■  ^'  D  ^L*""-'^'  ground  from  whence  he  was  taken.  ~*  So  he  drove  out  the  man  ;  and 
9i).  1.  He.  1.  7.  he  placed  at  the  east  of  the  garden  of  Eden,  "Cherubim,  and  a  flaming 
^4c^.-£<i!''^  '"""'  sword  which  turned  every  way,  to  keep  the  way  ^of  the  tree  of  life.'"^ 


See  Ge.  3. 
t  Heb.  Hebel. 
I  Heb.    a  feeder. 

*  Heb.  at  the  end 
of  :laiis 


PAET  m  PART    III. 

A-liiTi.  HISTORY  OF   ADAM   AND   HIS   DESCENDANTS,  TILL   THE   DELUGE. 

J  P  71'    '       The  birth,  trade,  and  religion  of  Cain  and  Abel.    8  The  murder  of  Abel.    II  The  ctirse  of  Cain.   25 
■  _lj_  "  The  birth  of  Seih.    11  Enoch  the  first  citij.    19  Lamech  and  his  two  wives.    26  Birth  of  Enos. 

That  is,  n^ojtOT,       1  AND  Adam  knew  Eve   his   wife;  and   she  conceived,  and   bare 
or,  ac}«jre.        ^Q^iu,  aud  Said,  "  I  "have  gotten  a  man  from  the"^*  Lord."  ^  And  she 
again  bare  his  brother  f  Abel.     And  Abel  was  ta  keeper  of  sheep,  but 
Cain  was  a  tiller  of  the  ground. 

^  And  *in  process  of  time  it  came  to  pass,  that  Cain  brought  ''of  the 
&NU.18.  i2.  fruit  of  the  ground  an  offering  unto  the  Lord.  "*  And  Abel,  he  also 
Vrov'.  3%.^'^'  brought  of  "the  firstlings  of  his  tflock  and  of  the  fat  thereof.  And 
t  Heb.  sheep,  or,  thc  LoRD  had  respcct  ''unto  Abel  and  to  his  offering ;  ^  but  unto  Cain 
dluh  11  4  ^"^  to  his  offering  he  had  not  respect.*'^'  And  Cain  was  very  wroth, 
eCe.  31. 2.  ''and  his  countenance  fell.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Cain,  "Why  art 

^cdkncTlm  11   ^^^^  wroth  ?  and  why  is  thy  countenance  fallen  ?  "  if  thou  doest  well, 
■i-  shalt  thou  not  tbe  accepted  ?  and  if  thou  doest  not  well,  sin  lieth  at  the 

*r&;.  Gc!f  If  door.     And  *unto  thee  shall  be  his  desire,  and  thou  shalt  rule  over  him." 

Q'-')  We  live    in  Messiah's  world.      The   Divine  "  could  take  away  sin  ;  "  but  that  the  sacrificer,  by 

Personage  who  is  here  called  "  The  Lord  God,"  and  offering  his  bleeding  victim,  in  compliance    with 

who  spoke  to  Adam  in  the  garden,  was  the  Angel  the    divine    ordinance,    confessed    thereby,    that, 

Jehovah,  who  afterwards  appeared  to  the  patriarchs,  through  sin,  he  was  himself  deserving  of  destruc- 

led  the  Israelites  through  the  wilderness,  taberna-  tion,  and  unable  of  liimself  to  propitiate  the  Deity, 

cled  amono-  men  in  the  form  of  a  man,  is  still  the  By  thus  shedding  the  blood  of  an  innocent  victim, 

head  of  his  Church,  and  will  again  appear  to  the  he  declared  his  faith  and  dependence  on  a  better 

world.     Three  things  were  necessary  to  be  known  and  more  perfect  Atonement.     And,  as  there  can  be 

by  man,  even  in  a  state  of  purity  ;  and  they  appear  no  imaginable  connection   between  the  death  of  a 

to  have  been  revealed  to  him  by  the  Angel  Jehovah,  lamb  and  the  forgiveness  of  the  crime  of  a  man,  it 

These  were,  the  right  choice  of  food  ;  the  rite  of  is  not  possible  that  this  plan  of  worship  could  have 

marriage  ;  and  the   use  of  language.     The   Angel  originated  in  the  mind  of  man. — Vide  the  authori- 

Jehovah  had  been  tlie  guide  and  protector  of  man  ties  on  this  subject,  collected  in  Abp.  Magee's  Vi'ork 

before  ills  fall,  and  he  afterwards  becomes  his  Medi-  On    ike  Jitonement ;  in    Faber's    chapter    on    the 

ator  and  Judge.     Tiie  Angel  Jehovah  commences  Origin  and  Purport  of  Sacrificial  Rites,  Orif^.  of 

a   new    dispensation,   which,  when    it  has   passed  Pii^.  Idol.  b.  2.  c.  viii. ;  and  in  ©utram  De  Sacri- 

through  its  three   forms.  Patriarchal,  Levitical,  and  ficiis.     Mr.  Davison's  arguments  do  not  convince 

Cliristian,  will  be  terminated  by  reviving  and  per-  me,  that  the  opinion  which   I   have   here  given    is 

feeting  the  primeval  happiness  of  mankind,  in  that  erroneous.     See  his  work  Oii  Primitive  Sacrifice. 
future  Paradise,  of  which  the  garden  of  Eden  was         C^)  In  this  passage  we  see  the  first  tokens  of  the 

but  an  emblem. — Vide  Barrington's   E.ssaij  on  the  anxious  desire  of  the   human   race   to  behold  tlie 

Dispensations;  Burnet's   Sermons   at  Boijl.e's    Lee-  promised  Messiah.     The  meaning  of  the  exclama- 

tiire.vol.  ii. ;  Law's    Theory  of  Reli<rion,  4th.  edit,  tion,  in   the  opinion  of  many  divines,  is.  "  I  have 

p.  50 ;  and  Lowman's  Essay  on  the  Sheckinah.  obtained  the  man,  even  Jehovah  himself." 

('•)  Our  first  parents    were  now  banished  from         ('•'')   God  had    respect  to  the  offering  of  Abel, 

Paradise,  and  clothed  in  skins.     At  this  time,  sacri-  because,  by  it,  he  declared  his  faith  in  the  Atone- 

fices  were  appointed  to  be  offered.     The  Deity  was  ment.     He  rejected  that  of  Cain,  because,  as  the 

pleased  to  ordain,  that  "  without  shedding  of  blood,  first  deist,    he  refused  to  believe  in  the  promised 

is  no  remission  of  sins  "     God  therefore  command-  Messiah. — Vide  Dr.  Hales,  Abp.    Magee,    Kenni- 

ed,    that  the   blood    of  animals  should   be  offered  cott's  Dissertation,  Bp.  Sherlock  and  Bp.  Patrick 

mystically,  as  an  acknowledgment  of  the  sins  of  on  thc  History  of  Cain  and  Abel. 
liiTu.     Not    that   th'i    blood  of  bully  and  of  goats 

VOT,.    I.  4  O 


26 


GENEALOGY  OF  THE  PATRIARCHS. 


[Perk 


/Mat.93.35.  IJo. 
3.  12.  Jude  11. 

A.  M.  ab.l29. 

B.  C.  ab.  3875. 
Hales,  5210. 

g  Ps.  9.  12. 
A  John  8.  44. 

t  Hcb.  Uoois. 
Re.  C.  10. 


\  Or,  .l/iiie  miyui- 
ly  is  trrcater  than 
that  It  may  befar- 
g-icen. 

i  Job  15.  20-24. 

j  Ps.  51.  11. 

k  Ge.  9.  6.  Num. 
35.  l^,  21,  27. 

I  Ps.  79.  12. 

m  Ez.  9.  4,  6. 

n  2   Ki.  13.  23. 
&  24.    20.    Je. 
23.  39.  &  52.  3. 

o  Ge.  5.  3. 

•   Heb.  SheVi; 

that  is,appointed, 

or,  put. 

t  Heb.  Chanoch. 
p  Ps.  49.  11. 


J  Heb.  Lemeck. 


\  Or,  I  would  slay 
a  man  in  my 
wound.  Sec. 

X  Or,  in  my  hart. 

q  Ge.  5.  6. 

*  Heb.  Enosh. 

I  Or,  to  call  them 
selves  by  the 
name   of  the 
LORD.  1  Ki 
ie.2l.     Pi!.  116, 
19.     Joel  2.  32. 
Zep.  3.  9. 1  Co. 


A.  M.  1. 
B. C.  4004. 
Hales,  5411. 

a  I   Ch.   1.   1. 

Lu.  3.  38. 
u  Or,  mankind. - 

E'l. 
b  See  Ge.  1. 2(1. 
cSeeGe.  1.27. 


^  And  Cain  talked  with  Abel  his  brotiier :  and  it  came  to  pass, 
when  they  were  in  the  field,  that  Cain  rose  up  against  Abel  his  brother, 
and  -^slew  him.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Cain,  "  Where  ''is  Abel  thy 
brother?"  And  he  said,  "  I  'know  not:  am  I  my  brother's  keeper?" 
^°  And  He  said,  "  What  hast  thou  done  ?  the  voice  of  thy  brother's 
tblood  crieth  unto  me  from  the  ground.  ^^  And  now  art  thou  cursed 
from  the  earth,  which  hath  opened  her  mouth  to  receive  thy  brother's 
blood  from  thy  hand  ;  ^^  when  thou  tillest  the  ground,  it  shall  not 
henceforth  yield  unto  thee  her  strength  ;  a  fugitive  and  a  vagabond 
shalt  thou  be  in  the  earth."  ^^  And  Cain  said  unto  the  Lord,  "  tMy 
punishment  is  greater  than  I  can  bear.  ^^  Behold !  'thou  hast  driven 
me  out  this  day  from  the  face  of  the  earth  ;  and  ^from  thy  face  shall 
I  be  hid  ;  and  I  shall  be  a  fugitive  and  a  vagabond  in  the  earth ;  and 
it  shall  come  to  pass,  Hhat  every  one  that  findeth  me  shall  slay  me." 
15  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Therefore  whosoever  slayeth  Cain, 
vengeance  shall  be  taken  on  him  'sevenfold."  And  the  Lord  "'set  a 
mark  upon  Cain,  lest  any  finding  him  should  kill  him.  i^  And  Cain 
"went  out  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord,  and  dwelt  in  the  land  of 
Nod,  on  the  east  of  Eden. 

25  And  Adam  knew  his  wife  again ;  and  she  "bare  a  son,  and  called 
his  name  *Seth.  "  For  God,"  said  she,  "  hath  appointed  me  another 
seed  instead  of  Abel,  whom  Cain  slew." 

1'  And  Cain  knew  his  wife  ;  and  she  conceived,  and  bare  tEnoch  : 
and  he  builded  a  city,  ^and  called  the  name  of  the  city,  after  the 
name  of  his  son,  Enoch.  ^^  And  unto  Enoch  was  born  Irad::  and  Irad 
begat  Mehujael :  and  Mehujael  begat  Methusael :  and  Methusael  begat 
jLamech. 

1^  And  Lamech  took  unto  him  two  wives :  the  name  of  the  one  was 
Adah,  and  the  name  of  the  other  Zillah.  ~^  And  Adah  bare  Jabal :  he 
was  the  father  of  such  as  dwell  in  tents,  and  of  such  as  have  cattle. 
^^  And  his  brother's  name  was  Jubal :  he  was  the  father  of  all  such  as 
handle  the  harp  and  organ.  -And  Zillah,  she  also  bare  Tubal-cain," 
an  *instructor  of  every  artificer  in  brass  and  iron  :  and  the  sister  of 
Tubal-cain  was  Naamah.  ^^  And  Lamech  said  unto  his  wives, — 
"  Adah  and  Zillah,  hear  my  voice  ! 

Ye  wives  of  Lamech,  hearken  unto  my  speech! 

For  tl  have  slain  a  man  to  my  wounding, 

And  a  young  man  tto  my  hurt : 

2^  If  Cain  shall  be  avenged  sevenfold, 

Truly  Lamech  seventy  and  sevenfold.' 
26  And  to  Seth,  Ho  him  also  there  was  born  a  son  ;  and  he  called  his 
name  *Enos.     Then  began  men  tto  call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord."" 


PART    IV. 

GENEALOGY   OF  THE  PATRIARCHS.CS) 
Gen.  v. 

The  sremalogv,  ao-e,  and  death  of  the   patriarchs  from  Adam  unto   Noah.  24  Tlie  godliness  and 
°  translation  of  Enoch. 

1  THIS  is  "the  book  of  the  generations  of  Adam.  In  the  day  that 
God  created  ''man,  in  'the  likeness  of  God  made  he  him  ;  ~  male  'and 
female  created  he  them ;  and  blessed  them,  and  called  their  name 
Adam,  in  the  day  when  they  were  created. ^__ 


(1^)  The   marginal  rcadin<T  is  ffenerally  supposed  by  the  naine_^  of  the  Lord.— Heidegger,  Sac.  Patr 

to   be  a   more  fitc-ral  IransTation   of  the    original.  I'list.  Exrr.  3.  §  :M.             ,.,.,,                        . 

Heide.rcrer  internrols  the  plirase  thus  :  "  Then  began  ('=)  The    several   genealogical  tiibles,  preserved 

men  to  be  called  by  the  name  of  the  Lord  :  "  that  is,  ia  the  Old  Testament,  are  intended  to  distingmsh 

the  visible  Church  had  so  diminished,  that  the  faith-  the  tribe  and  family  of  the  Messiah,  and  to  trace 

ful  of  Jehovah  v/ere  called,  by  way  of  distinr.ti.m.  his  descent  from  Adam. 


Part  V.] 

d  Ge.  4.  25. 

A.  :\r.  130. 

B.  C.  3874. 
Hales,  5I5<1 


e  Go.  3.  19.  II  • 
9.27. 

A.  M.  235. 

B.  C.  37ii9. 
HiLEs,  4976. 

/Ge.  4.  2U. 


A.  M.  3-25. 

B. C.  3679. 
Hales,  4786. 
Heb.  Kenan. 


A.  M.  395. 

n.  C.  36U9. 

Hales,  4616. 

t  Gr.  Maleleel. 


A.  M.  460. 

B.  C.  3544. 
HALE3,  4451. 

X  Heb.  Jered. 


A.  M.  6-22. 

B.  C.  3332. 
Hales,  4289. 

g  Jude  14, 15. 


A.  M.  687. 
B. C.  3317. 
Hales,  4124. 
*  Gr.   Mathusala. 
h  Ge.6.  9.  &  17.  1. 
&  24.  40.     2  Ki. 
£0.  3.    Ps.  16.  8. 
&  116.  9.  &  128. 
1.      Mic.    6.    8. 
Mai.  2.  6. 
»  2  Ki.2. 11.  Eccl. 
44.  16.  &  49.  14. 
He.  11.  5. 

A.  M.  874. 

B.  C.  3130. 
Hales,  3937. 

f  Heb.  Lemech. 

A.  M.  1056. 

B.  C.  2948. 

Hales,  3755. 

t  Gr.  M'oe    Lu.  3. 

36.  He.  11.7.  Pe. 

3.  20.    That    is, 

rest,  or  comfort. 


in 
the 


J  Ge.  3.  17. 
ft  Ge.  6. 10. 


STATE   OF    THE  WOULD    BEFORE  THE   DELUGE.  07 

3  And  Adam  lived  an  hundred  and  thirty  years,  and  ''begat  a  son 

his  own  hkeness,  after  his  image  ;    and  called  his  name  Seth.  ^  And 
days  of  Adam  after  he  had  begotten  Seth  were  eight  Imndred 
years  ;  and  he  begat  sons  and  daughters.  ">  And  all  the  days  that  Adam 
lived  were  nine  hundred  and  thirty  years  :  'and  he  died. 

^And  Seth  lived  an  hundred  and  five  years,  and  -'begat  Enos. 
1  And  Seth  lived  after  he  begat  Enos  eight  hundred  and  seven  years, 
and  begat  sons  and  daughters.  ^  And  all  the  days  of  Seth  were  nine 
hundred  and  twelve  years  :  and  he  died.  ,n  a     1    t- 

9  And  Enos  lived  ninety  years,  and  begat  "Cainau.  And  Enos 
lived  after  he  begat  Cainan  eight  hundred  and  fifteen  years,  and  begat 
sons  and  daughters.  ^^  And  all  the  days  of  Enos  were  nine  hundred 
and  five  years  :  and  he  died.  ,,,  ,    ,  1     ,    i-^  a    j 

1-2  And  Cainan  lived  seventy  years,  and  begat  tMahalaleel.  And 
Cainan  lived  after  he  begat  Mahalaleel  eight  hundred  and  forty  years, 
and  begat  sons  and  daughters.  ''  And  all  the  days  of  Cainan  were 
nine  hundred  and   ten  years  :  and  he  died.  ,    ir  a     , 

15  And  Mahalaleel  lived  si.xty  and  five  years,  and  begat  t  Jared.  And 
Mahalaleel  lived  after  he  begat  Jared  eight  hundred  and  thirty  years, 
and  begat  sons  and  daughters,  i'  And  all  the  days  of  Mahalaleel  were 
eio-ht  hundred  ninety  and  five  years :  and  he  died. 

''is  And  Jared  lived  an  hundred  sixty  and  two  years,  and  he  begat 
^Enoch.  19  And  Jared  hved  after  he  begat  Enoch  eight  hundred  years, 
and  begat  sons  and  daughters.  20  And  all  the  days  of  Jared  were  nine 
hundred  sixty  and  two  years :  and  he  died. 

21  And  Enoch  lived  sixty  and  five  years,  and  begat  Methuselah. 
22  And  Enoch  "walked  with  God  after  he  begat  Methuselah  three  hun- 
dred years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters.  ^3  And  all  the  days  of 
Enoch  were  three  hundred  sixty  and  five  years.  ^4  And  Enoch  walked 
with  God:  and  he  was  not ;  for 'God  took  him.'"* 

25  And  Methuselah  lived  an  hundred  eighty  and  seven  years,  and 
begat  tLamech.  26  And  Methuselah  lived  after  he  begat  Lamech  seven 
hundred  eighty  and  two  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters.  27  And 
all  the  days  of  Methuselah  were  nine  hundred  sixty  and  nine  years : 
and  he  died. 

28  And  Lamech  lived  an  hundred  eighty  and  two  years,  and  begat  a 
son.  29  And  he  called  his  name  tNoah,  saying,  "  This  same  shall  com- 
fort us  concerning  our  work  and  toil  of  our  hands,  because  of  the 
ground^ which  the  Lord  hath  cursed."  ^o  And  Lamech  lived  after  he 
begat  Noah  five  hundred  ninety  and  five  years,  and  begat  sons  and 
daughters,  ^i  And  all  the  days  of  Lamech  were  seven  hundred  seventy 
and  seven  years  :  and  he  died. 

32  And  Noah  was  five  hundred  years  old  :  and  Noah  *begat  Shem, 
Ham,  and  Japheth.  ^^^ 


A.  M.  1535. 

B.  C.  2469. 
Hales,  3275. 


PART    V. 

STATE   OF   THE   WORLD   IMMEDIATELY   PRECEDING   THE   DELUGE. 
Gen.  vi.  and  vii.  1-4. 
The  wickedness  of  the  toorld,  which  provoked  God's  wrath  and  caused  the  flood     SNoahJindeth 
grace.    U  The  order,  form,  and  end  of  the  ark.  —  Chap.  vn.  1  God  commands  Noah  to  enter 
the  ark. 

1  AND  it  came  to  pass,  "when  men  began  to  multiply  on  the  face  of 
the  earth,  and  daughters  were  born  unto  them,  2  that  the  sons  of  God 


C«)  As  the  doctrine  of  the  certain  e.xistence  of  Elijah,  and   Christ,  proved  to  the  world,  by  their 

another  world  is  one  of  the  chief  truths   to  be  en-  ascension  to  heaven,  the  truth  of  the  immortality  of 

forced  upon  man ;  a  visible  ascension  into  heaven  the  soul,  and  that  its   future  happiness  is  the  object 

has  taken  place  in  the  three  stages  of  the  develop-  which   God  has  constantly  m  view,  under  every 

menf  of  the   irreat  scheme  of  redemption.     Enoch,  mode  of  appealing  to  his  creatures. 


mcnt  of  the   great  scheme  of  redempti 


28  NOAH   COMMANDED   TO   MAKE  THE  ARK.  [Period  I. 

iDe.  7. 3, 4.  g^^  ^{^g  daughters  of  men  that  they  were  fair  ;  and  they  Hook  them 
c  Ga.  5. 16, 17.     wives  of  all  which  they  chose. 

dVii^d.^^9.^^  ^And  the  Lord  said,  "My  ^Spirit  shall  not  always  strive  with  man, 
a  The  only  case  ''for  that   lic  also  is  flcsli ;  yct  his  days  shall  be  an  hundred  and  twenty 

in    which    King  ,, 

James's  transla-   yearS. 

"^vahtrth/"'  '*  There  were  giants  in  the  earth  in  those  days  ;  and  also  after  that, 
Go[fi?fre 'uent^  when  the  sons  of  God  came  in  unto  the  daughters  of  men,  and  they 
but  generally    '  bare  childrcu  to  them,  the  same  became  mightv  men  wliich  were  of 

Lord.  £d.  ,  ,  »  o      ^ 

Old,  men  oi  renown. 
*i^gilMion^'tll  ^  And  ''God  saw  that  the  wickedness  of  man  was  great  in  the  earth, 
"^f[fi^|h"nJf  ''"'and  that  *every  imagination  of  the  thoughts  of  his  heart  was  only 
^In  "but' alio'"  ^^^^  tcoutinually.  ^  And  'it  repented  the  Lord  that  he  had  made  man 
thepiirposesand  qu  the  earth,  aud  it  ^grieved  him  at  his  heart.  "'  And  the  Lord  said,  "  I 
8!2iTbe?29. 19.  wiU  dcstroy  man  whom  I  have  created  from  the  face  of  the  earth; 
a'Esd.  ak^Mat.  tboth  man,  and  beast,  and  the  creeping  thing,  and  the  fowls  of  the 
15.19.  j^j^.  f(^^  jj  repenteth  me  that  I  have  made  them."  '^But  Noah  ''found 

tHeb.  every  day.  •       ^i  f   ^l        T 

«see  Nu.  23.     gracc  m  the  eyes  or  the  Lord. 

ii',29,^'2^sa.        ^  These  are  the  generations   of  Noah.  ''Noah  was  a  just  man  and 

V'A'''i  ^n''  ^'  *p6rfect  in  his  generations,  and  Noah  'walked  with  God.  ^*^  And  Noah 

/Is.  63. 10.  Ep.    begat   three  sons, 'Shem,  Ham,  and   Japheth.   ^^  The  earth   also  was 

*\^K  A.  corrupt  ''before  God,  and   the  earth  was  'filled  with   violence.  ^^  And 

J  Heb.  from  man  I  •" 

unto  beast.  God  "iooked  upon  the  earth,  and,  behold,  it  was  corrupt !  for  all  flesh 
'^aa.^iafis^iM?.'  had  corrupted  his  way  upon  the  earth, 

Lu.  1. 30. Ac. 7.  13  And  God  said  unto  Noah,  "The  "end  of  all  flesh  is  come  before 
*Ge.7. 1. Ez.  14.  nic  ;  for  the  earth  is  filled  with  violence  through  them  ;  and,  behold! 

i7!Ro'.i.T7.'He!  I  will  dcstroy  them  twith  the  earth.  ^"^  Make  thee  an  ark  of  gopher 
*o^\^^iit^^  wood  ;  trooms  shalt  thou  make  in  the  ark,  and  shalt  pitch  it  within 
iSeeGe.5. 23.  and  without  with  pitch.  ^^And  this  is  the  fashion  which  thou  shalt 
;Ge.  5. 32.  make  it  of.     The  length  of  the  ark  shall  be  three  hundred  cubits,  the 

iEz.8.n.&L  28.  breadth  of  it  fifty  cubits,  and  the  height  of  it  thirty  cubits.  ^^  A  win- 

16.  Hab. -2. 8, 17.  ^j^^,  shalt  thou  make  to  the  ark,  and  in  a  cubit  shalt  thou  finish  it 
"i4.^2.  &  33'.  13',  above;  and  the  door  of  the  ark  shalt  thou   set   in   the  side   thereof; 

^j  *5i'''i3^' Ez   ^'^^^  lower,  second,  and  third  stories  shalt  thou  make  it.  ^''' And,  "be- 

7.  2,  3, 6.'  Am!  hold !  I,  even  I,  do  bring  a  flood  of  waters  upon  the  earth,  to  destroy 
tor,  from    'the  all  flesh,  whcrciu  is  the  breath  of  life,  from  under  heaven  ;  and  every 

^'''^-  thing  that  is  in  the  earth  shall  die.  ^*  But  with  thee  will  I  establish  my 

oGl7?r2i-23.  covenant;  and ''thou  shalt  come  into  the  ark,  thou,  and  thy  sons,  and 
pGe.  7.  1,7,  13.  thy  wife,  and  thy  sons'  wives  with  thee.  ^^  And  of  every  living  thing 

2.  5.'  '  "  °'  of  all  flesh,  'two  of  every  sort  shalt  thou  bring  into  the  ark,  to  keep 
,  Ge.7.8,  9,  15,  ^j^gj^^  ^jj^,g  ^-jj^  ^j^gg  .  ^j^gy  gjjj^ij  ^g  j^j^ig  ^^^  female,  ^o  Of  fowls  after 

(")  The  sacred  historian  now  proceeds  to  relate  power  which  he  possessed,  as  the  God  of  mankind, 
the  history  of  the  deluge.  The  causes  for  which  to  destroy,  as  well  as  to  create  and  to  preserve, 
this  terrible  judirment  of  the  Almighty  was  per-  That  this  wonderful  event,  the  dehige,  certainly 
mitted  to  overwhelm  the  earth  are  to  be  found  in  took  place  is  confirmed  by  every  proof  which  could 
the  state  of  mankind  at  that  period.  It  seems  to  be  required  by  the  most  incredulous.  Its  history  is 
have  been  necessary  (if  the  term  necessary  may  written  on  the  surface  of  the  globe,  and  engrafted 
be  applied  to  the  vvorks  of  that  Being,  to  whom  into  the  annals  of  all  nations.  If  it  once  took  place, 
necessity  and  chance  "approach  not")  for  the  it  could  never  have  been  forgotten  ;  and  we  accord- 
preservation  of  the  line  of  the  Messiah,  and  for  ingly  find,  that  it  was  commemorated  by  rites, 
the  perpetual  instruction  of  mankind.  The  apos-  customs,  festivals,  and  emblems  ;  such  as  the  dove, 
lacy  was  almost  universal ;  the  visible  Church  of  the  serpent,  the  lotus,  the  cypselus,  the  mundane 
God  was  reduced  to  one  family ;  and  it  is  scarcely  or  arkite  egg,  with  many  others;  all  of  which, 
possible  to  suppose,  that  this  single  family  would  though  useful  and  innocent  at  first,  were  after- 
lonf  have  remained  unaffected  by  the  contagion  of  wards  perverted  to  idolatrous  uses.  Moses  there- 
infidelity  around  them.  The  world  therefore  was  fore  relates  this  important  history  at  some  length, 
destroyed,  that  the  Cliurch  of  God  might  be  pre-  and  uses  many  e.xpressions  which  evidently  allude 
served;  as  it  is  at  present  only  "  kept  in  store,"  to  the  manners  and  customs  of  the  surrounding 
until  the  numbers  of  the  Christian  Church  be  com-  idolatrous  nations.— Vide  Bryant's  .^7iuh/sis;  Mau- 
pleted.  The  Being  who  utters  these  words  to  rice's  Hindostaii ;  papers  in  the  .Asiatic  Researches  ; 
Noah  is  the  Angel  Jehovah,  the  Messiah  of  the  Faber's  Oiiirin  of  Pagan  Idolatry ;  in  which 
Church  :  and  the  words  in  Gen.  vi.  17.  ■■'  I, even  I,  the  interesting  subjects  of  the  arkite  worship, 
do  brinf  a  flood  of  waters,"  may  be  considered  ns  and  the  traditions  of  the  deluge  are  discussed  at 
an  assertion  of  hii  divinity,  as  a  declaration  of  the  ■•reat  length. 


Part  VI. 


THE   DELUGE. 


29 


their  kind,  and  of  cattle  after  their  kind,  of  every  creeping  thing  of 
the  earth  after  his  kind,  two  of  every  sort  'shall  come  unto  thee,  to 
keep  them  alive.  ~^  And  take  thou  unto  thee  of  all  food  that  is  eaten, 
and  thou  shalt  gather  it  to  thee  ;  and  it  shall  be  for  food  for  thee, 
and  for  them."  ^^  Thus  'did  Noah  ;  according  to  all  that  God  com- 
manded him,  so  did  he. 

^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Noah,  "Come  'thou  and  all  thy  ocn.vii.  1-4. 
17  26  He  i  Pe'  ^^^^^  J^^to  the  ark ;  for  "thee  have  I  seen  righteous  before  me  in  this  gen- 
3.''2o.  2Pe'.  2. 5.  eration.  ^  Of  every  "clean  beast  thou  shalt  take  to  thee  by  *sevens,  the 
"prrio^g.^'a  Pe!  male  and  his  female  :  "and  of  beasts  that  are  not  clean  by  two,  the  male 
and  his  female.  ^Of  fowls  also  of  the  air  by  sevens,  the  male  and  the 
female  ;  to  keep  seed  alive  upon  the  face  of  all  the  earth.  '*  For  yet 
seven  days,  and  I  will  cause  it  to  rain  upon  the  earth  forty  days  and 
forty  nights  ;  and  every  living  substance  that  I  have  made  will  I 
tdestroy  from  off  the  face  of  the  earth." 


3  Ge.  7. 

He.    11 

Ex.  40. 

49.  50. 

11.  1. 
t  Mat.  24.  38, 


V  Lev.  xi 
*Heb.    * 


t  Heb.  blot  out. 


A.  M.  1656. 

B.  C.  2348. 
Hales,  3155. 


b  Ge.  6.  19. 
*  Or,  071  thesev- 
entli  day. 


■f  Or,  fioodtratcs. 
Ge.  1.  7.  ^  8.  2. 
Ps.  78.  23. 


eGe.  6.  18.     He. 

11.7.  1  Pe.  3. 

20.     2  Pe.  2.  5. 
/Ge.  7.  2,  3. 


J  Heb.  Mirto-. 
g  Ge.  6.  20. 
A  See  Ge.  7.  22. 


i  Ps.  104.  20. 
a  Heb.   walked. 

—Ed. 
j  Ps.  104.  6.  Jer. 

3.  23. 
k  Ge.   6.  13,    17. 

Job22.16.2Esd. 

3.  9, 10.  Wis.  10. 

4.  Mat.  24.  39. 
Lu.  17.27.  H'e. 
3.  G. 

I  See  Ge.  0.  7. 
*  Heb.  tke  brrath 
oftJie  spirit  of  life. 


VOI-.    I 


PART    VI. 

THE    DELUGE. 
Gen.  vii.  5,  to  the  end,  and  viii.  1-12. 

Noah,  loith  his  family,  and  the  living  creatures,  enter  into  the  ark.  17  77ie  beginning,  increase,  and 
continuance  of  the  flood.  —  Chap.  viii.  1  The  waters  assuage.  4  TTie  ark  resteth  on  Ararat. 
7  The  raven  and  the  dove. 

^  AND  "Noah  did  according  unto  all  that  the  Lokd  commanded 
him.  ^  And  Noah  was  six  hundred  years  old  when  the  flood  of  waters 
was  upon  the  earth. 

'''  And  Noah  went  in,  and  his  sons,  and  his  wife,  and  his  sons'  wives 
with  him,  into  the  ark,  because  of  the  waters  of  the  flood.  ®  Of  clean 
beasts,  and  of  beasts  that  are  not  clean,  and  of  fowls,  and  of  every 
thing  that  creepeth  upon  the  earth,  '■*  there  went  in  two  and  two  unto 
Noah  into  the  ark,  the  male  and  the  female,  as  God  had  'commanded 
Noah.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  *after  seven  days,  that  the  waters  of 
the  flood  were  upon  the  earth. 

^1  In  the  six  hundredth  year  of  Noah's  hfe,  in  the  second  month,  the 
seventeenth  day  of  the  month,  the  same  day  were  all  'the  fountains  of 
the  great  deep  broken  up,  and  the  t windows  of  heaven  were  opened. 
^~  And  ''the  rain  was  upon  the  earth  forty  days  and  forty  nights.  ^^  In 
the  selfsame  day  'entered  Noah,  and  Shem,  and  Ham,  and  Japheth, 
the  sons  of  Noah,  and  Noah's  wife,  and  the  three  wives  of  his  sons 
with  them,  into  the  ark  ;  ^'^  they, -^and  every  beast  after  his  kind,  and 
all  the  cattle  after  their  kind,  and  every  creeping  thing  that  creepeth 
upon  the  earth  after  his  kind,  and  every  fowl  after  his  kind,  every  bird 
of  every  tsort.  ^^  And  they  ^went  in  unto  Noah  into  the  ark,  two  and 
two  of  all  flesh,  wherein  is  the  breath  of  life.  ^^  And  they  that  went 
in,  went  in  male  and  female  of  all  flesh,  ''as  God  had  commanded 
him  :  and  the  Lord  shut  him  in. 

^"^  And  the  flood  was  forty  days  upon  the  earth  ;  and  the  waters 
increased,  and  bare  up  the  ark,  and  it  was  lift  up  above  the  earth. 
^^  And  the  waters  prevailed,  and  were  increased  greatly  upon  the 
earth  ;  'and  the  ark  ''went  upon  the  face  of  the  waters.  ^^  And  the 
waters  prevailed  exceedingly  upon  the  earth  ;  ^and  all  the  high  hills, 
that  were  under  the  whole  heaven,  were  covered.  ~^  Fifteen  cubits  up- 
ward did  the  waters  prevail ;  and  the  mountains  were  covered. 

2^  And  ''all  flesh  died  that  moved  upon  the  earth,  both  of  fowl,  and 
of  cattle,  and  of  beast,  and  of  every  creeping  thing  that  creepeth  upon 
the  earth,  and  every  man  :  -^all  in  'whose  nostrils  was  *the  breath  of 
life,  of  all  that  was  in  the  dry  land,  died.  ^^  And  every  living  substance 

#c 


30 


GOD'S  COVENANT   WITH    NOAH.  [Period  I. 


was  destroyed  which  was  ujxjn  the  face  of  the  ground,  both  man,  and 

cattle,  and  the   creeping  things,  and   the   fowl  of  the  heaven  ;  and 

m  iPe.  3.  20.      they  were  destroyed  from  the  earth  :   and  "Noah  only  remained  alive, 

2  pe. 2. 5.  ^^^  ^j^^^  ^j^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^,.^1^  j^.^^_^  .^  ^l^g  ^^^    d4  ^nj   tj^e  waters  prevailed 

n  See  Gen.  7.  11.  upon  the  earth  "an  hundred  and  fifty  days. 

og!.'i^9.  29.  1  And  God  "remembered  Noah,  and  every  living  thing,  Gen.  viii.  1-12. 

Ex.2. 24.  1  sa.  ^^^  ^j}  ^j^g  cattle  that  was  with  him  in  the  ark  ;  "and  God 
p Ex.  14.  21.  made  a  wind  to  pass  over  the  earth,  and  the  waters  assuaged.  -The 
5  See  Ge.  7. 11.  "fountains  also  of  the  deep  and  the  windows  of  heaven  were  stopped, 
r  Job  33. 37.  and  "the  rain  from  heaven  was  restrained.  -^  And  the  waters  returned 
» Heb.  in  going  from  off  the  earth  ^continually  ;  and  after  the  end  'of  the  liundred 
sSelGe"7"iif24.  and  fifty  days  the  waters  were  abated. 

'*  And  the  ark  rested  in  the  seventh  month,  on  the  seventeenth  day 
^  neb.  were  in  go-  of  the  mouth,  upou  the  mountains   of  Ararat.  ^  And  the  waters  tde- 
''""""  creased  continually  until   the  tenth  month :  in  the  tenth  month,  on 


ing  and  decreas- 
ing. 


the  first  day  of  the  month,  were  the  tops  of  the  mountains  seen. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  forty  days,  that  Noah  opened 
t  Ge.  6. 16.  'the  window  of  the  ark  which  he  had   made.     "^  And  he  sent  forth  a 

J  Heb.  in  going  ravcn,  which  went  forth  tto  and  fro,  until  the  waters  were  dried  up 

/oHk  and  return.   ^^^^  ^^.  ^^^^  ^^^^^^^    g  ^^^^   ^^   ^^^^  ^^^.^j^  ^  ^^^^^   ^^^^^  j^j^^   ^^  ^^^   •  f    ^j^^ 

waters  were  abated  from  oft'  the  face  of  the  ground  ;  ^  but  the  dove 
found  no  rest  for  the  sole  of  her  foot,  and  she  returned  unto  him  into 
the  ark,  for  the  waters  were  on  the  face  of  the  whole  earth :  then  he 
b^causedher  put  forth  his  hand,  and  took  her,  and  *pulled  her  in  unto  him  into  the 
ark.  ^"^  And  he  staid  yet  other  seven  days,  and  again  he  sent  forth 
the  dove  out  of  the  ark,  ^^  and  the  dove  came  in  to  him  in  the  even- 
ing, and,  lo!  in  her  mouth  was  an  olive  leaf  plucked  oft';  so  Noah 
knew  that  the  waters  were  abated  from  oft"  the  earth.  ^^  And  he  staid 
yet  other  seven  days,  and  sent  forth  the  dove ;  which  returned  not 
again  unto  him  any  more. 


Heb. 


PART    VII. 

THE   COVENANT  WITH    NOAH. 

Gen.  viii.    13,  to   the   end,   and  ix.    1-17. 
Noah,  being  commanded.  \^  goeili  forth  of  the  ark.   20  He  buildeth  an  altar,  ami  offereth  sacrifice, 
PA.RT    VII.  ^i  which  God  accepteth,  and  promiseth  to  curse  the  earth  no  more.  —  Chap.  ix.  1  God  blesseth 

Noah.    4  Blood  and  murder  are  forbidden.    8  God's  covenant,  13  signified  by  the  rainbow. 

b'  c  '  S'  ^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^"^^  ^^  P^^^  "^  ^^^^   ^^^^'^  hundredth  and  first   year,  in 

hIle's,  3151.     the  first  month,  the  first  day  of  the  month,  the  waters  were  dried  up 

—  from  oflT  the  earth :  and  Noah  removed  the  covering  of  the  ark,  and 
looked,  and,  behold  !  the  face  of  the  ground  was  dry.  ^^  And  in  the 
second  month,  on  the  seven  and  twentieth  day  of  the  month,  was  the 
earth  dried. 

i-^And  God  spake  unto  Noah,  saying,  ^^ '' Go  forth   of   the    ark, 

aGe.7.  13.         ^tliou,  and  thy  wife,  and  thy  sons,  and  thy  sons' wives  with  thee. 

6  Ge.  7. 15.         1"  Bring  forth  with  thee  ''every  living  thing  that  is  with  thee,  of  all 

flesh,  both  of  fowl,  and  of  cattle,  and  of  every   creeping  thing  that 

creepeth  upon  the  earth;  that  they    may  breed  abundantly   in    the 

cSeeGe.  1.  22.    earth,  aud'bc  fruitful,  and  multiply  upon   the  earth."  i*  And  Noah 

went  forth,  and  his  sons,  and  his  wife,  and  his  sons'  wives  with  him; 

•  Hfib.  famaic,.     I'J  every  beast,  every  creeping  thing,  and  every  fowl,  and  whatsoever 

fHeb^'a  savour  crecpoth  upou  thc  carth,  after  their  *kinds,  went  forth  out  of  the  ark. 

o/re'st. "  Le.  1.       20  \f,<-i  Noali  buildcd  an   altar  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  took  of  ''every 

Q^.^Mi'-a^tv  clean  beast,  and  of  every   clean  fowl,  and  off'ered  burnt   off'erings  on 

\m:A^\i.  ^'  ^'  the   altar.  ~'  And  the  Lord  smellcd  a  tsweet  savour ;  and  the  Lord 

eGe.3. 17.&6.  g^id  in   lus   heart,  "I  will  not  again  'curse  the  ground  any  more  for 


Part  VIII.]  NOAH   LEAVES   THE    ARK.  3] 

J:  Or, /A-mo^A.  See  mai^'g  sake;    tfor  the   imaijfination  of   man's  heart  is  evil   from   his 

Ge   (i.  5.  Job]4.  .  '  t  •      '         -.  ^i   •  r     ■  t  i 

4.  &  15. 14.  Ps.  youth  ;  ■'^neither  will  I  again  smite  any  more  every  tiling  living,  as  1  have 
tt-il'.tif'it  done.  22* While  the  earth  remaineth,  seedtime  and  harvest,  and  cold 
I'.  c!'''ro.  h  2°:  and  heat,  and  summer  and  winter,  and  "day  and  night  shall  not  cease." 
&3.23.  &5. 12.       1  And   God  blessed   Noah  and  his    sons,  and  said  unto  ^^^  .^  ^  ,^ 

iueb.'jil'yefan  thcm,  "  Bc  "fruitful,  and  multiply,  and  replenish  the  earth. 
^eartt"''u!'ii!a.  ^  ^"^  'thc  fcar  of  you  and  the  dread  of  you  shall  be  upon  every  beast 

fi-jer.33.20,25.'  of  the  earth,  and  upon  every  fowl  of  the  air,  upon   all   that  moveth 


See  Ge.  1.28.  &  ^^^^  ^^xq  earth,  and  upon  all   the  fishes  of  the  sea;  into  your  hand 


10.  32 


isee  Ge.  1.  26.  arc  they  delivered.  -^  Every  ■'moving  thing  that  livetli  shall  be  meat 
j  Deut.^ia^^is.  &  for  you  ;  even  as  the  *green  herb  have  I  given  you  'all  things.  '^  But 
[I'l^^'ll  ^'"  '"flesh  with  the   life  thereof,  which  is  the   blood  thereof,  shall  ye  not 
/,  See  Ge.  1.  29.    eat.  ^  And  surely  your  blood  of  your  lives  will  I  require  ;  "at  the  hand 
'fco;.io.23',2^'  ^^  every  beast  will  I  require  it,  and  "at  the  hand  of  man  ;  at  the  hand 
coK  2. 16.  I'Ti.  Qf  every  ''man's  brother  will  I  require  the  life  of  man.  ^  Whoso  'shed- 
,«Le'. 3.  17.  & 7.  deth  man's  blood,  by  man  shall  his  blood  be  shed  :  'for  in  the  image 
]4:&/9.'2a'De.'  of  God  made  he  man.  "^  And  you,  'be  ye  fruitful,  and  multiply  ;  bring 
il 23: ^1 'stilt  forth  abundantly  in  the  earth,  and  multiply  therein." 
32-34.' Ez.%4.  ?;       8  And   God  spake  unto  Noah,  and  to  iiis  sons  with  him,  saying, 
n  Ex.  21. 28.'      ^  "  And  I,  'bchold !  I  establish  my  covenant  with  you,  and  with  your 
oGe.4.9,10.  Ps.  sccd  after  you  ;  ^°  and  "with  every  living  creature  that  is  with  you,  of 
\fil  17  26       the  fowl,  of  the  cattle,  and  of  every  beast  of  the  earth  with  you  ;  from 
9  Ex.  21.  12,  14.  all  that  go  out  of  the  ark,  to  every  beast  of  the  earth.  ^^  And  "I  will 
35.'3^ot  3u  m1  establish  my  covenant  with  you ;  neither  shall  all  flesh  be  cut  off^  any 
26. 52.' Re.  13.10.  j^orc  by  tlic  watcrs  of  a  flood  ;  neither  shall  there  any  more  be  a  flood 
Islec'e"'!  28    ^o  dcstroy  the  earth."  i^  And  God  said,  "This  ""is  the  token  of  the 
t  cre.Ts.         covenant  which  I  make  between  me  and  you  and  every  living  creature 
,( Ps.  145. 9.         that  is  with  you,  for  perpetual  generations  :   ^^  I  do  set  ''my  bow  in 
V  Is.  54. 9.         ^j^g  cloud,  and  it  shall  be  for  a  token  of  a  covenant  between  me  and 
"iSv.^l'.l]'       the  earth.  ^^  And  ^it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  I  bring  a  cloud  over 
3,  Ecci.  43. 11, 12.  the  earth,  that  the  bow  shall   be  seen  in  the   cloud;  ^^  and  ^I  will 
'^Le^^^u^' 42  45.    remember  my  covenant,  which  is  between   me  and   you  and  every 
Ez.  16. 6o7        living  creature  of  all  flesh  ;  and  the  waters  shall   no  more  become  a 
flood  to  destroy  all  flesh.  ^^  And  the  bow  shall  be  in  the  cloud  ;  and  I 
a  Ge.  17. 13, 19.    y^\\\  \qq\^  upon  it,  that  I  may  remember  "the  everlasting  covenant  be- 
tween God  and  every  living  creature  of  all  flesh  that  is  upon   the 
earth."  ^"^  And  God  said  unto  Noah,  "  This  is  the  token  of  the  cove- 
nant, which  I  have  established  between  me  and  all  flesh  that  is  upon 
the  earth." 

——  PART  VIII. 

PART^-m.  NOAH  PROPHESIES   THE    FATE   OF   HIS   SONS. 

A-  M-  1«'Y-  Gen-  'X-  I^,  to  the  end. 

''       Noah  replenisheth  the  tvorld,  "iO  plante/h  avinei/ard,  2\  is  drunken,  and  knocked  qf  his  son,  ''25  cnrseth 
Hales,   3148.  Canaan,  26  blesseth  Shem,  tl  prayethfor  Japhetli,  29  and  dieth. 

^^  AND:  the  sons  of  Noah,  that  went  forth  of  the  ark,  were  Shem, 
?/;  ^^nf'        ^"^^  Ham,  and  Japheth  :  "and  Ham  is  the  father  of  *Canaan.  ^^  These 
*are  the   three   sons  of   Noah :   "and  of   them  was  the  whole    earth 
overspread. 
3!i9,'23!^&       20  And  Noah  began  to  be  a  ''husbandman,  and  he  planted  a  vine- 
>o^'  '^'  ^^'  yS'^d.  21  And  he  drank  of  the  wine,  'and  was  drunken  ;  and  he  was 
uncovered  within   his   tent.  22  And    Ham,  the    father  of  Canaan,  saw 
the  nakedness  of  his  father,  and  told  his  two  brethren  without.  23  And 
/Ey.  20. 12.        ^Shem  and  Japheth  took  a  garment,  and  laid  it  upon  both  their  shoul- 
u,..  fi.  1.  ders,  and  went  backward,  and  covered  the  nakedness  of  their  father  ; 

and  their  faces  were  backward,  and  they  saw  not  their  father's  naked- 
ness. 24  And  Noah  awoke  from  his  wine,  and  knew  what  his  younger 


*  Heb.  Ckcnaan. 
i  Ge.  5.  32. 
c  Ge.    10.     32. 
1  Ch.  1.  4,  &c 

4.  2. 
cPr.  ' 


32 


TPIE   BUILDING    OF   BABEL. 


[Period  IL 


g  Deut.  27.  16. 
A  Jos.  9.   23. 

1  Ki.  9.  20,  21, 
i  Pa.  144.  15.  He 

11.  16. 
t   Or,  servant    U 

them. 
J  Or,  persuade. 

A.  M.  1956. 

B.  C.  20-18. 
Hales,  2805. 


son  had  done  unto  him.  ~^  And  he  said,  "  Cursed  ^be  Canaan  ;  ''a 
servant  of  servants  shall  he  be  unto  his  brethren."  '^^  And  he  said, 
"  Blessed  'be  the  Lokd  God  of  Shem ;  and  Canaan  shall  be  his 
tservant.  ^^  God  shall  tenlarge  Japheth,  and  he  shall  dwell  in  the 
tents  of  Shem  ;  and  Canaan  shall  be  his  servant." 

2^  And  Noah  lived  after  the  flood  three  hundred  and  fifty  years. 
^^  And  all  the  days  of  Noah  were  nine  hundred  and  fifty  years :  and 
h6  died.^'«^ 


PERIOD    II 


FROM  THE  DISPERSION  TO  THE  EXODUS. 


SECT.  I. 

A.  M.    1770. 

B.  C.  2234. 

Hales,  2614  to 

2554. 

*  Heb.  lip. 
f  Heb.  words. 
t  Or,  eastward,  as 

Ge.  13.  11.  Hb. 

2  Sa.  6.  2.  with 

1  Ch.  13.  6. 


PART    I. 

THE   CONFUSION   OF   TONGUES,  AND   DISPERSION   OF   BIANKIND.O) 

Section  I. —  The  Building  of  Babel. 

Gen.  xi.  1-9. 

One  language  in  the  v-o4d.     3   Tlie  Imildimr  of  Babel.     3  The  confusion  of  tongues. 

^  AND  the  whole  earth  was  of  one  *lanouage,  and  of  one  fspcech. 
^And  it  came  to  pass,  as  they  journeyed  tfiom   the   East,  that   tliey 

not,  however,  equally  obedient  to  the  divine  will. 
The  sons  of  Cush,  under  the  command  of  Nimrod, 
marched  off  through  the  defiles  of  the  lofty  Tauric 
range,  passed  round  the  southern  extremity  of  the 
Caspian  Sea,  and  then  turning  to  the  south-west, 
reached  the  plain  of  Shinar.  There  they  built  the 
city  and  the  tower  of  Babel.  Thence  they  were 
dispersed  by  miracle,  and  scattered  over  the  whole 
earth.  The  confusion  of  tongues,  Mr.  Bryant  sup- 
poses, to  have  been  merely  the  confusion  of  the 
lip,  or  a  change  of  pronunciation  only.  After 
this  second  dispersion,  the  Cuthim  or  Hammoni- 
ans,  as  they  were  called,  wandered  over  the  earth  ; 
established  their  idolatry,  which  consisted  chiefly 
of  the  worship  of  fire,  and  of  the  sun,  with  the 
arkite  rites  ;  carried  every  where  science,  arts,  and 
commerce  ;  conquered  their  brethren,  planted  flour- 
ishing colonies,  and  founded  powerful  kingdoms. 

Mr.  Faber  supposes,  that  mankind  continued  in 
Armenia  till  after  the  death  of  Noah  and  his  three 
sons  ;  and  endeavours  to  confirm  this  position  by 
adopting  the  chronology  of  the  Samaritan  Penta- 
teuch. In  the  year  .55'J  after  the  deluge,  according 
to  this  learned  and  ingenious  author,  the  whole  of 
the  descendants  of  Noah,  under  the  influence  of 
Nirnrod  and  the  family  of  Cush,  who  had  gradually 
obtained  great  influence  among  their  brethren, 
moved  in  one  large  body  from  Armenia,  and,  follow- 
ing the  course  of  the  Euphrates,  at  length  arrived 
in  Shinar.  At  this  place  idolatry,  whicli  had  in- 
sensibly commenced  in  Armenia,  and  proceeded 
till  it  had  almost  superseded  the  worship  of  the 
one  true  God,  was  perfected.  As  the  human  mind 
never  tolerates  any  violent  or  sudden  change  in 
received  and  well-confirmed  opinions,  the  ancient 
idolatrj'  is  supposed  to  have  originated  in  slow  and 
imperceptible  innovations,  alterations,  and  perver- 
sions of  the  pure  patriarchal  religion  ;  till  it  became 
a  strange  and  monstrous  compound  of  Demonolatry, 
Sabianism,  Materialism.  Polytheism,  and  cruelty. 
The  outward  forms  of  Patriarchism  were  studi- 
ously copied ;  even  the  doctrine  of  tiie  Incarnation 
was  perverted  to  hero  worship  :  each  of  their  an- 
cestors who  had  been  eminent  or  useful,  was  con- 
sidered as  an  incarnation  of  the  Deity ;  and  there 
is  abundant  reason  to  believe,  that  the  influence  of 
Nirnrod  was  obtained  from  this  circumstance  ;  that 
he  assumed    the  title  of  "  The   Son  ;"  he  named 


(IS)  The  death  of  Noah  ought  not  properly  to  be 
inserted  at  this  place  :  I  have  not,  however,  here 
changed  tlie  order  of  the  text,  as  the  Scripture  is 
silenf  with  respect  to  the  subsequent  life  of  Noah, 
and  his  probable  removal  from  Nachshevan,  in 
Armenia ;  where  he  long  lived  after  the  flood :  and 
it  was  not  thought  advisable  to  interrupt  the  subse- 
quent narrative,  with  the  isolated  date  of  the  death 
of  this  patriarch. 

(ij  Our  attention  is  now  directed  to  an  event,  on 
which  it  has  ever  been  more  easy  to  write  volumes 
than  paragraphs.  Though  it  is  but  briefly  related 
by  the  sacred  historian,  its  effects  are  still  to  be 
traced  in  the  destinies  of  the  sons  of  Noah,  who 
even  to  this  time  retain  the  character  impressed 
upon  them  at  the  time  of  the  apostacy  at  Babel. 
They  are  still  the  sport  of  ambition  and  religious 
error.  Separated  by  a  variety  of  languages,  which 
but  for  this  event  would  not  have  existed,  they 
seem  by  their  numerous  divisions  to  labor  still  un- 
der that  curse,  which  was  inflicted  upon  them  as  a 
punishment  for  their  impious  attempt  to  frustrate 
the  decree  of  Providence,  which  had  assigned  to 
each  of  the  principal  families  the  boundaries  of 
their  inheritance. 

That  the  whole  world  was  of  one  language,  and 
that  their  language  was  that  of  Noah  and  his  three 
sons,  is  acknowledged  by  all  ;  and  Josephus  in- 
forms us,  that  mankind  long  remained  together  as 
one  family,  inhabiting  the  tops  of  the  mountains,  in 
the  country  round  Ararat.  While  they  were  thus 
united,  it  is  likewise  generally  allowed,  that  their 
future  destinations  were  assigned  to  them  by  Noah, 
speaking  under  the  influence  of  divine  inspiration. 
Moses  mentions  this  division  of  the  earth  (Deut. 
xxxii.  7,  8.)  when  the  Israelites  were  in  sight  of 
the  Holy  Land,  and  reminds  them,  as  of  a  thing 
well  known,  that  Canaan  had  been  from  the  begin- 
ning the  lot  of  their  inheritance. 

So  far  then  all  arc  agreed.  With  respect  to  the 
emigration  of  mankind  from  Armenia  (for  there, 
according  to  the  best  evidence,  the  ark  rested),  Mr. 
Bryant  (with  others)  is  of  opinion,  that  some  of  the 
families  of  Noah  dispersed  in  an  orderly  manner  to 
their  respective  settlements.  This  was  the  first 
dispersion  ;  and  this  event  he  supposes  to  be  related 
in  that  most  invaluable  of  all  ancient  records,  the 
tenth   chapter   of   Genesis.     Other   families    were 


Part  L] 


THE   GENEALOGY   OF   NOAH. 


33 


•  FTeb.  a  man  said 
to  his  neighbour. 

t  licb.  hum  them 
lo  a  burniiirr. 

a   i.   e.   bitumen. 

,;  D.'.  1.  28. 

4  Ue.  18.  21. 

found  a  plain  in  the  land  of  Shinar ;  and  they  dwelt  there.  ^  And 
*they  said  one  to  another,  "  Go  to,  let  us  make  brick,  and  tburn  them 
throuo-hly."  And  they  had  brick  for  stone,  and  ^slime  had  they  for 
mortar.  ^  And  they  said,  "  Go  to,  let  us  build  us  a  city  and  a  tower, 
"whose  top  may  reach  unto  heaven  ;  and  let  us  make  us  a  name,  lest 
we  be  scattered  abroad  upon  the  face  of  the  whole  earth."  ^  And  Hhe 
Lord  came  down  to  see  the  city  and  the  tower,  which  the  children  of 
19.  Acts  n^en  builded.  "^  And  the  Lord  said,  "  Behold  !  'the  people  is  one,  and 
they  have  all  one  language,  and  this  they  begin  to  do  ;  and  now 
nothing  will  be  restrained  from  them,  which  they  have  ''imagined  to  do. 
'  Go  to,  'let  us  go  down,  and  there  confound  their  language,  that  they 
may  ■'^not  understand  one  another's  speech."  ^  So  ^the  Lord  scattered 
them  abroad  from  thence  ''upon  the  face  of  all  the  earth  ;  and  they 
left  off  to  build  the  city.  ^  Therefore  is  the  name  of  it  called  tBabel, 

t  '^^^^tisTctnfii-  because  the  Lord  did  there  confound  the  language  of  all  the  earth ; 

.ioii.i  Co.  14.23.  g^jT^^i  fj.Qj^  thence  did  the  Lord  scatter  them  abroad  upon  the  face  of 
all  the  earth. 

Section  II. —  The  Genealogy  of  Noali}"^^ 
Gen.  X. 
37(6  generations  of  Noah.    2  The  sons  of  Japheth.     6  The  sons  of  Ham.     8  Nimrod  the  frst 
SECT     II  monarch.    21  The  sons  of  Shem. 

—  ^  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  the  sons  of  Noah — Shem,  Ham, 

and  Japheth  ;  "and  unto  them  were  sons  born  after  the  flood. 


f  Ps.  2.  4.  Ac.  2. 

!,  ^,  6. 
f  Ge.  42.  23.  De. 

Hi.  49.  Je.  5.  15. 

1  Co.  14.  2,  11. 
^  Luke  1.51. 


a  Ge.  9.  1,  7,  9. 


himself,  and  was  believed  to  be,  the  expected  In- 
carnate, the  Angel  Jehovah,  who  sometimes  ap- 
peared to  mankind. 

Had  this  state  of  things  continued,  religion 
would  have  been  again  in  danger  of  perishing  from 
oif  the  earth.  Mankind  continued  at  Shinar,  Mr. 
Faber  endeavours  to  prove,  about  seventy-one 
j'ears.  During  this  period,  the  whole  body  of  man- 
kind were  divided  into  castes,  under  the  influence 
of  Nimrod,  the  Maha-Bad,  or  Maha-Bel,  or  the 
great  Belus  of  the  Hindoos :  and  every  effort 
which  human  wisdom  could  contrive  was  exerted, 
to  continue  the  influence  of  the  sacerdotal,  and 
military  family  of  the  Cuthim;  and  to  perpetuate, 
against  the  commands  of  God,  the  unholy  union 
of  a  corrupt  and  idolatrous  empire. 

While  the  tower,  which  they  intended  to  be  the 
monument  of  their  glory,  was  still  building,  the 
true  Incarnate,  the  Angel  Jehovah,  appeared  to 
them  from  heaven  ;  overthrew  their  to^^-er  (accord- 
ing to  general  tradition)  with  thunders  and  light- 
nings ;  and  confused  their  language,  "  so  that  they 
left  off  to  build  the  city." 

The  Jewish  writers  believed  that  seventy-two 
languages  were  spoken  upon  the  dispersion  from 
Shinar,  corresponding- v/ith  the  number  of  the 
heads  of  families.  The  learned  Joseph  Mede  sup- 
poses there  were  but  sixteen,  corresponding  with 
the  heads  of  nations.  Sir  William  Jones,  however, 
seems  to  have  demonstrated  that  three  languages 
only  succeeded  to  the  one  language  spoken  at  Shi- 
nar :  after  this  event,  he  is  of  opinion  that  the 
primitive  language  was  entirely  lost ;  others  with 
great  probability  affirm,  that  the  Hebrew  v/as  the 
primitive  and  sacred  language. 

Language  was  at  first  the  gift  of  God.  The 
various  disquisitions  of  learned  men  have  proved 
that  it  could  not  have  been  the  invention  of  man. 
It  was  given  by  miracle  and  inspiration. 

As  the  primitive  language  was  thus  given,  so  the 
three  languages  to  which,  according  to  Sir  William 
Jones,  all  the  dialects  of  men  are  to  be  traced,  were 
three  underived,  unconnected  languages.  All 
mankind  is  divided  into  three  races,  corresponding 
with  the  three  languages.  The  three  races  are  de- 
nominated by  Sir  William  Jones  (speaking  gener- 
ally) Hindoos,  Arabs,  and  Tartars  :  the  three  lan- 
guagps,  Sanscrit,  Arabi'-,  and  Sclavonic. 

VOL.    I.  5 


The  Indian  race  comprehends  the  ancient  Per- 
sians ;  the  Asiatic  and  African  Ethiopians ;  the 
Greeks,  Phenicians,  Tuscans;  the  Souths,  or 
Goths  ;  the  Celts  ;  the  Chinese,  Japanese,  Egyp- 
tians, Syrians,  Burmans,  Romans,  and  Peruvians. 

The  language  of  the  Indian  race  was  Sanscrit ; 
the  parent  of  the  Gothic  and  Celtic,  though  blend- 
ed with  another  idiom,  the  Persian,  the  Armenian, 
and  the  old  Ethiopic.  Sanscrit  too  is  undoubtedly 
the  fountain  of  the  Greek  and  Latin.  The  tradi- 
tions of  Homer  are  to  be  found  in  Sanscrit  Poems ; 
the  idolatry  of  Greece  and  Rome  was  brought  into 
those  countries  by  the  Pelasgi,  who  were  but  a 
branch  of  the  Cuthic  shepherds,  whose  language 
was  Sanscrit. 

The  Arabic  race  comprehends  those  who  occupy 
the  country  between  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Persian 
Gulf.  From  the  Arabic  sprung  the  dialects  used 
by  the  Jews,  Arabs,  and  Assyrians. 

The  Tartar  race  comprehends  those  who  occupy 
the  wide  regions  of  Tartary  ;  who  have  spread  them- 
selves into  Russia,  Poland,  and  Hungary.  Their 
language  was  the  Sclavonic,  from  which  origin- 
ated, so  far  as  Sir  William  Jones  could  decide, 
the  various  dialects  of  Northern  Asia,  and  North 
Eastern  Europe. 

Bryant,  Sir  William  Jones,  and  Mr.  Faber,  are 
thus  more  particularly  mentioned,  because  they 
are  not  only  the  best,  but  the  last,  of  the  more  emi- 
nent writers  who  have  discussed  this  subject :  and 
they  are  all  intimately  acquainted  with  the  learned 
labors  of  their  predecessors.  Our  knowledge  of 
the  circumstances  of  the  dispersion,  and  of  the 
manner  in  which  idolatry  was  established  in  the 
several  countries  where  it  most  flourished  has  been" 
much  increased  by  these  authors ;  particularly  by 
Mr.  Faber.  But  the  general  conclusion  at  which 
they,  and  the  earlier  writers  arrived,  is  the  same  : 
and  the  question  is  for  ever  set  at  rest,  whether  all 
the  races  of  men  were  descended  from  one  stock  : 
the  dark  Negro,  the  white  European,  and  the  swar- 
thy Asiatic,  being  plainly  traced  to  their  respective 
ancestors  of  the  family  of  Noah.  Vide  Bryant's 
Analysis  ;  Faber's  Origin  of  Pagan  Idolatry,  chiefly 
B.  6  ;  Papers  of  Sir  Wm.  Jones,  in  the  first  three 
volumes  of  the  Asiatic  Researches  ;  Mede  ;  Light- 
foot;  Stillingfleet. 

(-)  Genesis  x.  is  inserted  here,  because  it  relates 


34 


THE   GENEALOGY   OF   SHEM   TO    ABRAM.       [Period  II. 


ICh.  1.5,  &c. 


*  Or,  as  some  read 

it,  Rodaiiim. 
e  Ps.  72.  10.    Jer. 

2.  10.    Zeph.   2. 

11. 
(iChron.  1.8,  &c. 


a  The  Hebrew 
superlative :  i.  e. 
Nimrod    Wiis     a 
very  fiiraous  hun- 
ter.—£d. 

A.  M.  ab.  1786. 

B.  C.  nb.  2218. 
Hales,  2554. 

e  Jer.  16. 16.  Mic. 

7.2. 
/Mic.  5.  6. 
t  Gr.  Babylon. 
X  Or,  he.  went  out 

into  .Assyria. 
*  Or,  the  streets  of 

the  city, 
g  1  Ch.  1.  12. 
t  Heb.  Tzidon. 


k  Ge.  13.  12,  14, 
15,  17.  &  15.  18- 
21.  Nu.  34.2-12. 
Jos.  12.  7,  8. 

t  Heb.  Jlzzah. 


i  1   Ch.  1.17,&c. 
*  Heb.  Arpach- 


j  1  Ch.  1. 19,  &c. 
X  That  is,  Divis- 


k  Ge.  9. 

19. 

^\ZCT 

.   HI. 

ol  Ch.  I. 

,  17,  &e. 

A.  M. 

1658. 

B.  C. 

2.346. 

Hales, 

,  3153. 

2  The  *sons  of  Japheth  ;  Gomer,  and  Magog,  and  Madai,  and  Javan, 
and  Tubal,  and  Meshech,  and  Tiras.  ^  And  the  sons  of  Gomer ;  Ash- 
kenaz,  and  Riphath,  and  Togarmah.  "*  And  the  sons  of  Javan  ;  EHshah, 
and  Tarshish,  Kittim,  and  *Dodanim.  ^  By  these  were  "the  isles  of  the 
Gentiles  divided  in  their  lands  ;  every  one  after  his  tongue,  after  their 
families,  in  their  nations. 

^  And  ''the  sons  of  Ham  ;  Gush,  and  Mizraim,  and  Phut,  and  Canaan. 
''And  the  sons  of  Gush  ;  Seba,  and  Havilah,  and  Sabtah,  and  Raamah, 
and  Sabtechah  :  and  the  sons  of  Raamah  ;  Sheba,  and  Dedan.  ^  And 
Gush  begat  Nimrod:  he  began  to  be  a  mighty  one  in  the  earth.  ^He 
was  a  ''mighty  hunter  before  the  Lord  ;  wherefore  it  is  said,  "  Even 
as  Nimrod  the  mighty 'hunter  before  the  Lord."  ^"And-^the  begin- 
ning of  his  kingdom  was  fBabel,  and  Erech,  and  Accad,  and  Galneh, 
in  the  land  of  Shinar.  ^^  Out  of  that  land  twent  forth  Asshur,  and 
builded  Nineveh,  and  *the  city  Rehoboth,  and  Galah,  ^~  and  Resen 
between  Nineveh  and  Galah ;  the  same  is  a  great  city. 

^^And  Mizraim  begat  Ludim,  and  Anamim,  and  Lehabim,  and 
Naphtuhim,  ^^  and  Pathrusim,  and  Gasluhim,  ('out  of  whom  came 
Philistim,)  and  Gaphtorim. 

^^  And  Ganaan  begat  tSidon  his  firstborn,  and  Heth,  ^"and  the 
Jebusite,  and  the  Amorite,  and  Girgasite,  ^"^  and  the  Hivite,  and  the 
Arkite,  and  the  Sinite,  ^^  and  the  Arvadite,  and  the  Zemarite,  and  the 
Hamathite :  and  afterward  were  the  families  of  the  Ganaanites  spread 
abroad.  ^^  And  ''the  border  of  the  Ganaanites  was  from  Sidon,  as  thou 
comest  to  Gerar,  unto  tGaza  ;  as  thou  goest  unto  Sodom,  and  Gomor- 
rah, and  Admah,  and  Zeboim,  even  unto  Lasha.  ~^  These  are  the  sons 
of  Ham,  after  their  families,  after  their  tongues,  in  their  countries,  and 
in  thei:  nations. 

-^  Unto  Shem  also,  the  father  of  all  the  children  of  Eber,  the 
brother  of  Japheth  the  elder,  even  to  him  were  children  born.  —  The 
^children  of  Shem  ;  Elam,  and  Asshur,  and  *Arphaxad,  and  Lud, 
and  Aram.  ^^And  the  children  of  Aram;  Uz,  and  Hul,  and  Gether, 
and  Mash.  ^^And  Arphaxad  begat  tSalah  ;  and  Salali  begat  Eber. 
-^  And^unto  Eber  were  born  two  sons  :  the  name  of  one  was  tPeleg ; 
for  in  his  days  was  the  earth  divided  ;  and  his  brother's  name  was 
Joktan.  ~*^  And  Joktan  begat  Almodad,  and  Shcleph,  and  Hazarma- 
veth,  and  Jerah,  -"  and  Hadoram,  and  Uzal,  and  Diklah,  '^^  and  Obal, 
and  Abimael,  and  Sheba,  -"  and  Ophir,  and  Havilah,  and  Jobab  :  all 
these  were  the  sons  of  Joktan.  ^"  And  their  dwelling  was  from  Mesha, 
as  thou  goest,  unto  Sephar,  a  mount  of  the  East.  ^^  These  are  the  sons 
of  Shem,  after  their  families,  after  their  tongues,  in  their  lands,  after 
their  nations.  ^~  These  are  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Noah,  after  their 
generations,  in  their  nations :  *and  by  these  were  the  nations  divided 
in  the  earth  after  the  flood. 

Section  III. —  The  Genealogy  of  Shem  to  Ahram.^^^ 

Gex-j.  xi.  10-2G. 
'"  These  "are  the  generations  of  Shem.     Shem  was  an  hundred 
years  old,  and  begat  Arpha.xad  two  years  after  the  flood  :  ^'  and  Siiem 
lived  after  he  begat  Arphaxad  five  hundred  years,  and  begat  sons  and 
daughters. 


the  history  of  mankind  according  to  their  several 
lancTuages.  It  must  therefore  refer  to  a  period  sub- 
sequent to  that  recorded  in  the  beginning  of  chap. 
xi  where  mankind  are  represented  as  s]>eaking  but 
one  language. 


(3)  The  sacred  historian  having  related  the  man- 
ner in  which  the  primeval  religion  was  corrupted, 
proceeds  immediately  to  give  an  account  of  the 
line  of  the  Messiah. 


Part  II.] 

B.  C.231]. 

Hales,  3018. 

b  See  Luke  3.  36. 

A.  M.  1723. 
B.  C.  2281. 
Hales,  2888. 

c  1  Ch.  1. 19,  &.C. 

A.  M.  1757. 

B.  C.  2247. 
Hales,  2754. 

d  Lu.  3.  35, 
Phalec. 

A.  M.  1787. 
B.  C.  2217. 

Hales,  2624. 

A.  M.  1819. 

B.  C.  2185. 
Hales,  2492. 

e  Luke  3.  35, 
Sariich. 

A.  M.  1849. 

B.  C.  2155. 
Hales,  2362. 

A.  M.  1878. 

B.  C.  2126. 
Hales,  2283. 

/Luke    3.   34, 
Thara. 

A.  M.  1948. 
B.  C.  2056. 

Hales,  2153. 
g  Jos.  24. 2. 

SECT.  L 

A.  M.    1874. 

B.  C.  2130. 
Hales,  2337. 


THE  LIFE  OF  JOB. 


35 


^~  And  Arphaxad  lived  five  and  thirty  years,  ''and  begat  Salah  :  ^^and 
Arphaxad  lived  after  he  begat  Salah  four  hundred  and  three  years, 
and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

^'^  And  Salah  lived  thirty  years,  and  begat  Eber  :  ^^  and  Salah  lived 
after  he  begat  Eber  four  hundred  and  three  years,  and  begat  sons  and 
daughters. 

16  And  'Eber  lived  four  and  thirty  years,  and  begat  ''Peleg  :  ^^  and 
Eber  lived  after  he  begat  Peleg  four  hundred  and  thirty  years,  and 
begat  sons  and  daughters. 

I'^And  Peleg  lived  thirty  years,  and  begat  Reu:  i'-*  and  Peleg  lived 
after  he  begat  Reu  tvi^o  hundred  and  nine  years,  and  begat  sons  and 
daughters. 

2"  And  Reu  lived  two  and  thirty  years,  and  begat 'Serug  :  ^^and 
Reu  lived  after  he  begat  Serug  tw^o  hundred  and  seven  years,  and 
begat  sons  and  daughters. 

22  And  Serug  lived  thirty  years,  and  begat  Nahor :  ^3  and  Serug  lived 
after  he  begat  Nahor  two  hundred  years,  and  begat  sons  and  daughters. 

2^  And  Nahor  lived  nine  and  twenty  years,  and  begat  -^Terah  :  ^s  and 
Nahor  lived  after  he  begat  Terah  an  hundred  and  nineteen  years,  and 
begat  sons  and  daughters.  ^sAnd  Terah  lived  seventy  years,  and 
^begat  Abram,  Nahor,  and  Haran. 


PART   II. 

THE    LIFE   OF    JOB.W 


Section  I. 


■The  Character  of  Job. 
Joe    i.  1-5. 

The  holiness,  riches,  and  religious  care  of  Job  for  his  children. 

1  THERE  was  a  man  "in  the  land  of  Uz,  whose  name  was  *Job ; 


*  Moses  isthoaght 
to  have  written 
the  Book  of  Job 
whilst  among  the 

berore'chnst      aud  that  man  was  "perfect  and  upright,  and  one  that  ''feared  God,  and 

6  Ez.  14.  14.  Ja.  .5.  n.  c  Gen.  6.  9.  &  17.  1.  ch.  2.  3.  d  Pr.  8.  13.  &  16.  a 


about  1520. 


Gen.  22.  20,21. 


(*)  The  life  of  Job  is  placed  before  the  life  of 
Abraham,  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Hales.  Job  him- 
self, or  one  of  his  contemporaries,  is  generally  sup- 
posed to  have  been  the  author  of  this  book  ;  which 
Moses  obtained  when  in  Midian,  and,  with  some 
alterations,  addressed  to  the  Israelites.  Dr.  Hales' 
arguments  are  as  follow  : — 

1 .  The  silence  of  this  book  respecting  the  Exo- 
dus, the  passage  of  the  Red  Sea,  the  promulgation 
of  the  Law,  &.c.  wliich  took  place  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  country  of  Job,  and  which  were  so  apposite 
in  his  debate  on  the  ways  of  Providence,  seems  to 
prove  that  it  was  written  prior  to  those  events. 

2.  Its  silence  respecting  the  destruction  of  Sodom 
and  Gomorrah  shows  that  it  was  written  before 
that  event.     [But  see  Job  xviii.  15. — Ed.] 

3.  The  longevity  of  Job  places  him  among  the 
patriarchs  who  long  preceded  Abraham.  He  sur- 
vived his  trial  140  years  ;  and  is  supposed  to  have 
attained  to  that  age  before  his  trial  began. 

4.  The  manners  and  customs  are  exclusively 
those  of  pure  and  ancient  patriarchism.  He  was 
tlie  priest  in  his  own  family  ;  and  the  institution 
of  an  established  priesthood  does  not  appear  to  have 
taken  place  till  the  days  of  Abraham. 

5.  The  very  ancient  custom  of  prostration,  as  a 
mark  of  respect,  does  not  even  appear  to  have 
boc-n  known  in  Arabia,  in  the  time  of  Job.  Job 
was  one  of  "  the  greatest  men  of  the  East,"  yet  we 
do  not  find  this  adoration  paid  to  him.  See  the 
marks  of  respect  shown  to  Job,  chap.  xxix. 

6.  The  most  ancient  kind  of  idolatry  seems  to 
have  been  Sabianism,  which,  in  the  time  of  Job, 
was  regarded  with  abhorrence,  as  a  novelty  deser- 
ving judicial  punishment.     Job  xxxi.  26. 


7.  In  the  time  of  Job,  the  stars  Chimah  and 
Chesil,  or  Taurus  and  Scorpio  ("Job  ix.  9),  were  the 
cardinal  constellations  of  spring  and  autumn.  Dr. 
Hales  calculates,  in  the  usual  manner,  from  their 
present  position,  the  probable  period  of  Job's  trial. 

Such  are  the  arguments  of  the  venerable  Dr. 
Hales,  which  have  induced  me  to  place  the  history 
of  the  life  of  Job  before  that  of  Abraham.  They 
do  not,  however,  appear  to  fix  his  exact  era;  for  the 
mere  circumstance,  that  Job  mentions  certain  stars, 
does  not  prove  them  to  have  been  the  cardinal 
constellations  in  his  day.  With  Dr.  Hales,  there- 
fore, I  have  placed  the  life  of  Job  before  that  of 
Abraham,  but  have  supposed  him  to  liave  lived 
about  the  year  2130  B.  C.  The  postdiluvian  patri- 
archs, who  lived  the  same  number  of  years,  were 
contemporary  with  each  other.  Job  is  said  to  have 
lived  280  years  ;  and  it  is  supposed  that  his  life 
was  prolonged  on  account  of  his  piety  and  suffer- 
ings. If  we  allow  fifty  years  for  this  unusual  term, 
his  age  will  be  found  to  be  of  the  same  length  as 
that  of  Serug,  the  great-grandfather  of  Abraham, 
who  flourished  about  this  time. 

But  my  chief  reason  for  assigning  to  the  life  of 
Job  its  present  date,  is  derived  from  a  consideration 
of  the  manner  in  which  God  has  condescended  to 
deal  with  mankind. 

Idolatry,  as  we  read  in  the  preceding  part  of  this 
Period,  had  occasioned  the  dispersion  from  Babel. 
It  was  gradually  encroaching  still  further  on  every 
family,  which  had  not  yet  lost  the  knowledge  of 
the  true  God.  Whoever  has  studied  the  conduct 
of  Providence,  will  have  observed,  that  God  has 
never  left  liimself  v^ithout  witnesses  in  the  world 
to   tlie  trutli   of  his  religion.     To   the  old    world, 


Heb.  AeMv^^- 1  \ix([  t\iQ  LoRD   saiduiito  Satan,  "  Whcnce  comcst  tliou?"     Then 
i.  Re.  ]2. 9^  lo!  Satan  answered  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  From  "going  to  and  fro  in  the 


36  FIRST  TRIAL  OF  JOB.  [Period  II. 

eschewed  evil.  ^  And  there  were  born  unto  him  seven  sons  and  three 
t  ot,  eaaie.         daughters.  -^His  tsubstance  also  was  seven  thousand  sheep,  and  three 

thousand  camels,  and  five  hundred  yoke  of  oxen,  and  five  hund-red 
t  Or,  husbandry,    shc-asscs,  and  a  vcry   great  Jhousehold ;  so  that  this  man  was   the 

*  Heb.  sons  of  the  greatest  of  all  the  *men  of  the  East.  "*  And  his  sons  went  and  feasted 

in  their  houses,  every  one  his  day  ;  and  sent  and  called  for  their  three 
sisters  to  eat  and  to  drink  with  them.  ^  And  it  was  so,  when  the  days 
of  their  feasting  were  gone  about,  that  Job  sent  and  sanctified  them, 

e^n.  8.  20.  ch.  ^^^j^  ,.Qgg  yp  g^rly  in  the  morning,  'and  offered  burnt  offerings  accord- 
ing to  the  number  of  them  all ;  for  Job  said,  ''  It  may  be  that  my  sons 

/ 1  Ki.  21. 10, 13.  ]^ave    sinned,    and    ■'^cursed    God    in    their    hearts."     Thus    did    Job 

^Heh.aU  the  days.    tcOUtinUally. 

Section  1L— First  Trial  of  Jub. 

Job  i.  6,  to  the  end. 
SECT.   II.        Satan,  appearing  before  God,  by  calumniation  obtaineth  leave  to  tempt  Job.     13  Under stamling  of 
tlie  loss  of  his  goods  and  children,  in  his  mourning  he  bksseth  God. 

o  <=h-  2- 1.  6  No^y  "there  was  a  day  Hvhen  the  sons  of  God  came  to  present 

*ch.^".^.^'  ^^'  themselves  before   the  Lord,   and  *Satan  came  also   tamong  them. 

^  Heb.  I 
sanj,  '. 
1.  Re. 

^^ti'em.^'"''^  earth,  SLiid  from  walking  up  and  down  in  it."  ^  And  the  Lord  said 
cch.2.  2.  Mat.  unto  Satan,  "  tHast  thou  considered  my  servant  Job,  that  there  is 
t  Heb.'  Ha^i  tjw^  noHC  Ukc  him  in  the  earth,  a  perfect  and  an  upright  man,  one  that 
cb.'^'a!^'"''  ""'  feareth  God,  and  escheweth  evil?  "  ^  Then  Satan  answered  the  Lord, 
i  Ps.34.8.  Is.  5.  and  said,  "  Doth  Job  fear  God  for  nought  ?  ^^  Hast  ''not  thou  made  a 
e  Ps.  i:».  1,  2.  hedge  about  him,  and  about  his  house,  and  about  all  that  he  hath  on 
Prov.  10. 22.  every  side  ?  'thou  hast  blessed  the  work  of  his  hands,  and  his  *sub- 
/ch?2'5.&i9.2i.  stance  is  increased  in  the  land.  ^^  But  ^put  forth  thy  hand  now,  and 
t  Heb. '/ '^^«"^«  touch  all  that  he  hath,  tand  he  will  ^curse  thee  to  thy  face."  ^^  And 
fiZ.  ""  ^  the  Lord  said  unto  Satan,  "Behold  !  all  that  he  hath  is  in  thy  tpowcr  ; 
^s.'lbfir'  ^^''''  only  upon  himself  put  not  forth  thy  hand."  So  Satan  went  forth 
X  Heb.  jiand.  Go.  from  the  prcscncc  of  the  Lord. 

h  Ec.9. 12.  ^^  And  there  was  a  day  ''when  his  sons  and  his  daughters  were  eat- 

ing and  drinking  wine  in  their  eldest  brother's  house.  ^^  And  there 
came  a  messenger  unto  Job,  and  said,  "  The  o.xen  were  ploughing,  and 
the  asses  feeding  beside  them:  ^^and  the  Sabeans  fell  upon  them, and 
took  them  away  ;  yea,  they  have  slain  the  servants  with  the  edge  of 
the  sword  ;  and  I  only  am  escaped  alone  to  tell  thee !  "  ^^  While  he 

*  Or,  A  great  fire,  was   yct  spcakiug,  tlicrc  came   also  another,  and  said,  "  *The  fire  of 

God  is  fallen  from  heaven,  and  hath  burned  up  the  sheep,  and  the 
servants,  and  consumed  them  ;  and  I  only  am  escaped  alone  to  tell 
thee  !  "  ^'  While  he  was  yet  speaking,  there  came  also  another,  and 
tHeb.ru^Acd.  gaid,  "The  Chaldeans  made  out  three  bands,  and  tfell  upon  the 
camels,  and  have  carried  them  away,  yea,  and  slain  the  servants  with 


Noah  was  a  preacher  and  a  witness ;  to  the  latter  sidered  as  the  faithful  witness,  in  bis  day,  to  the 

times  of  patriarchisni,  Abraliam  and  his  descend-  hope  of  the  Messiah  :  he  professed  the  true  religion, 

ants;  to  the   ages   of  the   Levitical  Law,    Moses,  and  his  belief  in  the  following  important  truths  : — 

David,  and  the  prophets  ;  and  to  the  first  ages  of  the  creation  of  the  world  by  one  Supreme   Being ; 

Christianity,  the    apostles  and   the  martyrs   were  the  government  of  that  world  by  the  providence 

severally  witnesses  of  the  truth  of  God.     But  we  of  God;  the  corruption  of  man,   by    nature;  the 

have  no  account  whatever,  unless  Job  be  the  man,  necessity  of  sacrifices  to  propitiate  the  Deity;  and 

that  any  faithful  confessor  of  the  one   true   God,  the  certainty  of  a  future  resurrection.     Tliese  were 

arose  between  the   dispersion  from   Babel,  and  the  the  doctrines  of  the  patriarchal  age,  as  well  as  of 

call  of  Abraham.     If  it  be  said,  that  the  family  of  the    Jewish   and    Christian  covenants.     They    are 

Shem  was  the  visible   Church  of  that  age,  it  may  the  fundamental  truths   of  that  one  system  of  reli- 

be  answered,  that  it  is  doubtful  whether  even  this  gion,  which  is  alone  acceptable  to  God,  by  whatever 

family  were  not  idolaters  ;  for  Joshua  tells  the  Isra-  name  it  may  be  distinguished  in  the   several  ages 

elites  (Jos.  xxiv.  2.)  that  the  ancestors  of  Abraham  of  the  world.— Vide  Hales'  Analysts,  vol.  ii.  p.  53, 

were  worshippers  of  images.  &c. ;  Abp.  IVIagee    On  the  Boole  of  Job  ;  Disc,  en 

Job  therefore,  in  this  age  of  error,  may  be  con-  the  .Atonement,  vol.  ii. ;  Bishop  Patrick  On  Job. 


Part  II.] 


^>        \v  .   ^y^.-M^E  FRIENDS  OF  JOB  VISIT  HIM. 


the  edge  of  the  sword;  and  I  only   am   escaped  alone  to  tell  thee  !"  ^ 
^"^  White   he   was  yet   speaking,  there   came  also  another,  and   said,  "'  '  z"^' 
"  Thy  sons  and  thy  daughters  were  eating,  and  drinking  wine  in  their 
i  H^h.  from  aside,  eldcst  brother's  house  ;  ^'-^  and,  behold  !  there  came  a  great  wind  tfrom 
^'''  the  wilderness,  and  smote   the  four  corners  of  the  house,  and  it  fell  -^-'.v'-*  *j 

upon  the  young  men,  and  they  are  dead  ;  and  I  only  am  escaped  alone    '^-^^  /t4 

*or,robc.  20  ^hen  Job  arose,  ^and  rent  his  *mantle,  and  shaved  his  head,  and 

^•V^%\i   EC  ■'^^'l  ^^^"  "P^"  ^^^  ground,  and  worshipped,  ^i  and  said,-p    ,^^j|^>.jt>^ 
l^b^iTi.G.i.        " Naked  *came  I  out  of  my  mother's  womb,     "  ■■  ^- 

And  naked  shall  I  return  thither:   '-      •    , 
The  Lord  'gave — and  the  Lord  hath  ^tajten  away ; 
"jEP;^5.|o.^  Blessed  "be  the  name  of  the  Lord  !  "t  v  ^     ;  ^-  '     ','  i  j  ry4^ 

och.Tio.'    '     22  jn  "all  this  Job  sinned  not,  nor  tcharged  God  foolishly.       ^^         ^    / 


I  Ec.  5.  19.  Ja. 

1.  17. 
TO  Mat.  20.  15, 


0  ch.  2.  10. 

1  Or,  allri 
fully  to  God. 


Section  ni.—Second  Trial  of  Job.        .ki/^'ik-^'''''^'j 

Job  ii.  1-10.  ■ .  '  ^aviv'tlirV 


ach.  1.6. 
6  ch.  1.  7. 
c  ch.  1.  1 


he  took  him  a  potsherd  to  scrape  himself  withal ;  'and  he  sat  down 


SECT.  in.        Satan  appearing  again  before  God  obtaineth  further  leave  to  tempt  Job.     7  He  smitetk  him  with  sore 
biles.     9  Job  reproveth  his  wife,  moving  him  to  curse  God. 

^  Again  "there  was  a  day.  when  the  sons  of  God  came  to  present 
themselves  before  the  Lord,  and  Satan  came  also  among  them  to 
7ch27.5, 6.  present  himself  before  the  Lord.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Satan, 
*tumu  ^C^^n.  "  From  whence  comest  thou  ?  "  And  'Satan  answered  the  Lord,  and 
e  ciuTn.''  '  ■  said,  "  From  going  to  and  fro  in  the  earth,  and  from  walking  up  and 
/ch.  19.20.  Jq^j^  -j^  -j  »  3  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Satan,  "  Hast  thou  considered 
tol',tuj!'  my  servant  Job,  that  there  is  none  like  him  in  the  earth,  'a  perfect 
ft  Is.'  1.  6.  and  an  upright  man,  one  that  feareth  God,  and  escheweth  evil  ?  and 

TuiyosedtoZthe  Still  ho  -^holdeth  fast  his  integrity,  although  thou  movedst  me  against 
Str  «/*'"*«  hif"'  *to  destroy  him  without  cause."  ^  And  Satan  answered  the  Lord, 
jirabs,     termed    ^  gj^jj   u  gj^j^  for  sklu,  yca,  all  that  a  man  hath  will  he  give  for  his 

elephantiasis    by  '  ,,  i  \       ^  •        n  ii* 

the  ore.eks,from  jifg.    5  g^jt  «pj^,t  forth   thy   hand   uow,  and   touch   his  •'bone   and  his 
'sm^rnVtiat'of  flesh,  and  he  will  curse  thee  to  thy  face."  ^  And  ''the  Lord  said  unto 
;t?STot  Satan,  "  Behold !  he  is  in  thy  hand  ;   fbut  save  his  life." 
"rnwld  Zu  iZr       ^  So  wcut  Satau   forth  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord,  and  smote 
with     tubercles.  Job  with  sorc  'bilcs  from  the  sole  of  his  foot  unto  his  crown.  ^And 

I  his  loathsome 
and  must  afflictive 
disease  is  accum-  . 

pauied  with  must  aiiioug  thc  ashcs. 

'J  Then  said  his  wife  unto  him,  "Dost  ^thou  still  retain  thine  integ- 
rity ? — curse  God,  and  die  !  "  ^^  But  he  said  unto  her,  "  Thou  speakest 
Mat*!"  ii.'ii:  ^^'  as   one  of  the   foolish  women   speaketh.     What !   *shall  we  receive 
ich^/'ai'   Ro  good  at  the  hand  of  God,  and   shall  we   not  receive   evil?"     In   all 
1-2.'  12.  Ja.  5!  this  did  not  Job  'sin  with  his  lips. 
I  Ps.  39. 1. 

Section  IV. —  The  Friends  of  Job  visit  him,  and  hear  his  Complainings. 
Job  ii.  11,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  iii. 
SFOT    TV         'fob's  three  friends  condole  ivith  him  in  silence.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  He  curses  the  day  and  services  of  his 
V .  ^^^^^^^     jg  y,^^^  ^^^^  of  death.     20  He  complaineth  of  life,  because  of  his  anguish. 

a  Prov.  17. 17.  ^^  Now  whon  Job's  three  ''friends  heard  of  all  this  evil  that  was  come 

fiOemSG.n.  Jer.  upon  him,  they  came  every  one  from  his  own  place;  Eliphaz  the 
c  Gen." 2.5. 2.  ''Temanite,  and  Bildad  the  'Shuhite,  and  Zophar  the  Naamathite:  for 
,/ci,.42.ii.Rom.  tj^gy  j-j,^^j  j-j^j^jg  j^,-,  appointment  together  to  come  ''to  mourn  with  him, 
and  to  comfort  him.  ^-  And  when  they  lifted  up  their  eyes  afar  off", 
and  knew  him  not,  they  lifted  up  their  voice,  and  wept ;  and  they 
rent  every  one  his  mantle,  and  'sprinkled  dust  upon  their  heads  toward 
La.a^io'^iiz;  heaven.  ^^  So  they  sat  down  with  him  upon  the  ground  -^seven  days 
:j7.  JO.  Re.  18.  ^^^^  seveu  uights,  and  none  spake  a  word  unto  him  ;  for  they  saw  that 
/Gen.  .•i\io.       his  grief  was  very  great. 

VOL.     I.  D 


intolerable 
iiig — Ed. 
i  2  Sa.  13.  19.  ch 


e  Jos.  7.  6.  1  Sa, 
4.  l-i.  aSa.  l.-i 
&  13.  19.  Ne.  9. 


38 


JOB'S  COMPLAININGS. 


[Period  II. 


c-ch.  10.  18,  19. 
Jfi.  15.  10.  &  20. 
14. 


ftch.  10.21,  ^.& 

16.  16.  &  28.  3. 
P3.  23.  4.  Hi.  44. 
19.  &  107.  10, 
14.  Jer.  13.  16. 
Ainos  5.  8. 

t  Or,  clmllenge  it. 

I  Or,  Let  them  ter- 
rify it,  as  those 
vhu  have  abitter 
day.  Amos  8. 10. 

*  Or,  Let  it  not  re- 
juice  among  Ike 
days. 

i  Jer.  9.  17,  18. 
I  Or,  a  UviatlMn. 


\  Hob.  the  eyelids 
of  the 
cli.  41.  18. 


j  ch.  10.  18. 


*  Heb.  wearied  in 
strenatli. 


0  Jer.  20.  18. 
pi  Sam.  1.  10. 

2  Kings  4.  27. 
f  Heb.  wait.  Rev. 

9.6. 
7  Prov.2.  4. 


*  Heb.  I  feared  a 
fear,  and  it  came 
upon  me. 


^  After  this  opened  Job  his  mouth,  and  cursed  his  day.  -  And     Job  iii. 
Job  *spake,  and  said  : — 
^  "  Let  ^the  day  perish  wherein  I  was  born, 

And  the  night  in  ivhich  it  was  said,  '  There  is  a  man  child  conceived. 
^  Let  that  day  be  darkness  ;     .  /v^u.^^    <-    ys  ,^ 

Let  not  God  regard  it  from  above,  :  <-\^^ijil   ^^ ' 

Neither  let  the  light  shine  upon  it.  ,  ]rV*  - 
^  Let  darkness  and  ''the  shadow  of  death  tstain  it; 

Let  a  cloud  dwell  upon  it; 

tLet  the  blackness  of  the  day  terrify  it.  ,"  ^ 
^  As  for  that  night,  let  darkness  seize  upon  it;// 

*Let  it  not  be  joined  unto  tiie  days  of  the  year. 

Let  it  not  come  into  the  number  of  the  months. 
'  Lo  !  let  that  night  be  solitary,     ■»'>a?'jv^    ,^>/    ?_-5  -'-  - 

Let  no  joyful  voice  come  therein.      '/ 1  L^  fi     1 

^  Let  them  curse  it  that  curse  the  day,  ^'v^^'^  *^  • 

Who  'are  ready  to  raise  up  ttheir  mourning. 
9  Let  the  stars  of  the  twilight  thereof  be  dark ; 

Let  it  look  for  light,  but  have  none  ;   '  j  .  //'  .. ' 

Neither  let  it  see  tthe  dawning  of  the  flay:  , 
1°  Because  it  shut  not  up  the  doors  of  my  mother's,  womb, 

Nor  hid  sorrow  from  mine  eyes.        3   •  y<i^^-'**y^^ 

n  ic  ^hy  ■'clied  I  not  from  the  womb  ?  V  /  ''^•^,    -r "' 

Why  did  I  not  give  up  the  ghost  when  I  came  o6t  of  the  belly  ? 
12  Why  *did  the  knees  prevent  me?  '  ' ■''^^)^Ja.^ 

Or  why  the  breasts  that  I  should  suckU*  ,   '-'flf*vy^ 

^^  For  now  should  I  have  lain  still  and  been  quiet;^s-'     i  A.v<>£ 

I  should  have  slept :   then  had  I  been  at  rest,    v  »      ^' 

1'  With  kings  and  counsellors  of  the  earth,  •     tW  <^  i/O^Mr"^ 

Which  'built  desolate  places  for  themselves  (f   g^J\l^ix    '-^ 
^^  Or  with  princes  that  had  gold,         ■ "  .'  ~  ,*-'^ 

Who  filled  their  houses  with  silver  :*''''"*^^*"*^"  .  '     ^.pM>^. 
^6  Or  "as  a  hidden  untimely  birth  I  had  not  been ;  ^  ,  .  I    • 

As  infants  which  never  saw  light.  ' 

^''  There  the  wicked  cease  from  troubling ; 

And  there  the  *weary  be  at  rest. 
^^  There  the  prisoners  rest  together ; 

They  "hear  not  the  voice  of  the  oppressor. 
^3  The  small  and  grea't  are  there ; 

And  the  servant  is  free  from  his  master. 

20  it  Wherefore  "is  light  given  to  him  that  is  in  misery, 

And  life  unto  the  'bitter  in  soul  ; 

21  Which  tlong  for  death,  but  it  cometh  not ; 
And  dig  for  it  more  than  ''for  hid  treasures  ; 

22  Which  rejoice  exceedingly, 

And  are  glad,  when  they  can  find  the  grave  ? 

23  M^hy  is  light  given  to  a  man  whose  way  is  hid, 
And  'whom  God  hath  hedged  in  ? 

2^  For  my  sighing  cometh  tbefore  I  eat, 

And  my  roarings  arc  poured  out  like  the  waters. 
~'^  For  "the  thing  which  I  greatly  feared  is  come  upon  me, 

And  that  which  I  was  afraid  of  is  come  unto  me. 
2<5  I  was  not  in  safety,  neither  had  T  rest, 

Neither  was  I  quiet — yet  trouble  came." 


Part  II.] 


FIRST  CONTROVERSY— ELIPIIAZ'S  ARGUMENT. 


39 


f  Heb.   icho  can 
refrain    from 
■icorils  ? 


6  He.  12.12. 
J  Hel).  tlic  bowing 
knees. 


c  ch.  1.  I.     Prov. 
3.26. 


Section  V. — First  Controversy  hetiveen  Job  and  his  Friends,  begun  by 
Eliphaz  ;  who  asserts,  that  the  Sufferings  of  Job  were  the  Punishment  of 

his  Iniquity. 

Job  iv.  and  v. 

Elwhaz  reproveth  Job  for  want  of  religion.  1  He  teacheth  God's  JudgmerUs  to  be  not  for  the 
ri<rhteous,  but  for  the  wicked.  12  His  fearful  vision,  to  humble  the  excellency  of  creatures  before 
(jocZ.  —  Chap.  V.  1  The  harm  of  inconsideration.  3  Tlie  end  of  the  wicked  is  misexyv^^  6  (xod  is 
to  be  regarded  in  affliction.     17  Tlie  happy  erul  of  God's  correction.  |    ;-)  'T^"^",]  ^    i 

1  Then  Eliphaz  the  Temanite  answered  and  said  c-XT^.  -  :r.^-" 
'^  "  If  we  assay  *to  commune  with  thee,  wilt  thou  be  grieved  ?  -^^-v-ty     * , 
But  twho  can  withhold  himself  from  speaking?   .r^'^  (-in^''^'- ■'     ' 

3  Behold  !  thou  hast  instructed  many,  ..a^X^'^^-^K.^i-x.  f^ 
And  thou  "hast  strengthened  the  weak  hands.  ^     OlA<yK-6X^.t , 

4  Thy  words  have  upholden  him  that  was  falling,  /^^^^      P    l^-  ^  - 
And  thou  ^hast  strengthened  tthe  feeble  knees,    if  ^"^T^  \  ^-W  A/^. 
But  now  it  is  come  upon  thee — and  thou  faintest^;  ^^^  ^  '-^T^AJ^iM^  ^ 
It  toucheth  thee — and  thou  art  troubled.        .t^Ll/Ji/     I 

Is  not  this  Ihy  fear,  thy  confidence,  .-„,^^^^-"- T'H'/S^s^JJiJ^ 

Thy  hope,  and  the  uprightness  of  thy  ways  ?  *^iV1ftM4v>  ^VW/^'^'^A/^ 


Remember,  I  pray  thee,  ''who  ever  perished,  being  innocent?,  ^a^^vvc 


Ps.  7.  14.  ."rov. 
K.  S.  Hos.  8.  7. 
&  10.  13.  Gal.  6. 


*  That  is,   by  his 

antrer .-  as  Is.  30. 

33.    See  Ex.  15. 

8.  2  Sa.   22.  115. 

ch.    1.  19.  &  15. 

30.  Is.  11.  4. 

9  Th.js5.  2.  8. 
/  Ps.  58.  fi. 
g-  Ps.  34.  10. 
t  Heb.  hy  steallh. 

h  ch.  33.  15. 


%  Hob.  met  me. 
i  Hal).  3.  16. 
*  Heb.  tke  vtulti- 
tudr  of  my  hones. 


t  Or,   I    hcird 
still  voice. 


hA^Zi^ 


viAtAc- 


Or  where  were  the  righteous  cut  off  ? 
s  Even  as  I  have  seen,  'they  that  plough  iniquity,. 

And  sow  wickedness,  reap  the  same. 
9  By  the  blast  of  God  they  perish,  '     i^-AjuOl 

And  *by  the  breath  of  his  nostrils  are  they  consumed. 
1°  The  roaring  of  the  lion,  and  the  voice  of  the  fierce  lion, 

And  -^the  teeth  of  the  young  lions  are  '^''^^^^^n.        fijfr^ 
"  The  ^old  lion  perisheth  for  lack  of  prey,         /^J-i****-*'^^  ; 

And  the  stout  lion's  whelps  are  scattered  abr6ad. 
12  u  -j^Q^  a  thing  was  t secretly  brought  to  me, 

And  mine  ear  received  a  little  thereof. 
13  In  ''thoughts  from  the  visions  of  the  night,  ^  > 

When  deep  sleep  falleth  on  men,  / 

1^  Fear  tcame  upon  me,  and  'trembhng/  •    y^  ^  ^. 

Which  made    all  my  bones  to  shake.  ,.      i  / 

^^  It  stood  still — but  I  could  not  di^pert>  the  form  thereof;       '^^v.«"        }     i 
.eyes^:^—Uhere  was  silence,  and  T  iiewiSV     f.  < 
saying,  A,Ji.^^\-<;,v.^^  „    _  /^  .^i-^V--^*— 


1^  Then  a  Spirit  passed  before  my  face 
The  hair  of  my  flesh  stood  up  ;     j 


An  image  was  before  mine  (.eyes^^ — \ there  was  sile 
1''  '  Shall  ^mortal  man  be  more  i^t  than  God  ? 


j^^tliSnGod?^^" 


A-  ch.  15.15.  &  2.5. 

5.   2  Pet.  2.  4. 
X  Or,  JVor  ill  his 

anirels,  in  whom 

he  put  light. 

Zch.  15.  16. 
m  2  Cor.  4.  7.  & 
5.  1. 


Shall  a  man  be  more  pure  than  his  Maker  ?  .      ^kji^ 
1^  Behold  !  He  ^put  no  trust  in  his  servants 

tAnd  his  angels  He  charged  with  folly;      ,.        , 
19  How  'much  less  in  them  that  dwell  in  "'houl^i^^iSTTilay, 
Whose  foundation  is  in  the  dust, 
Which  are  crushed  before  the  moth  !  ^jy^^ij 
beaten  in  20  fhcy  arc  *  destroyed  from  morning  to  Evening 
They  perish  for  ever  without  any  regarding  it. 
n.&49.  21  J)qi\^  "not  their  excellency  which  is  in  them  go  away? 


t  Or,  looU. 


JOr 


jmUhon. 
35,   36. 


<7  Ps.  119.  155. 


They  "die,  even  without  wisdom.'       .^t^)^'-*;> 

1  Call  now,  if  there  be  any  that  will  answer  thee ; 
And  to  which  of  the  saints  wilt  thou  tturn  ? 

2  For  wrath  killeth  the  foolish  man,  j         '^ 
And  tenvy  slayeth  the  silly  one.            -^  '  U^A-  ^^^-tA-; 

3  I  ''have  seen  the  foolish  taking  root ;  ^^ 
But  suddenly  I  cursed  his  habitation. 

^  His  'children  are  far  from  safety, 


>*. 


P^;if^^^^', 


A  40  U  -       IVBPLY  OF  JOB  TO  ELIPHAZ.        .  [Period  II. 

And  they  are  crushed  in  the  gate.  ^  *.'  -♦      f^'^ 

rPs.  109. 12.  Nekher  'is  there  any  to  dehver  them, 

s  ch.  18. 9.  ^  Whose  harvest  the  hungry  eatctli  up, 

*  Or,  iniquity.  ^^^  taketh  it  even  out  of  the  thorns, 

t  Or, zaior.  Gen.        And  "the  robber  swalloweth  up  their  substance. 
ib.'L".'^'   ^  ^°'    ^  Although  *affliction  cometh  not  forth  of  the  dust, 
tucb.ihesonsof      Ncithcr  doth  trouble  spring  out  of  the  ground  ; 
ufit^7ofti'""^    '  Yet  man  is  born  unto  ttrouble, 
fSeeGe.i.i.  pb.       As  ttlic  sparlvs  fly  upward. 
Ror^'if:  sf  '•  '  "  I  would  seek  unto  God, 

Heh.  and  there       And  uuto  God  would  I  comuiit  my  cause  : 

"  Which  'doeth  great  things  and  *  unsearchable, 
Marvellous  things  twithout  number : 


search. 
t  Heb.   till  there 
be  HO  number. 
ch.  -28 


6o.  9, 10.  &  ui.  ^°  Who  "giveth  rain  upon  the  earth, 


And  sendeth  waters  upon  the  tfields : 
^^  To  "set  up  on  high  those  that  be  low  ; 

That  those  which  mourn  may  be  exalted  to  safety. 
^^  He  ""disappointeth  the  devices  of  the  crafty. 


Jer.  5.  24 

10.  13.  &:51.  16. 

Acts  14.  17. 
X  Heb.  outplaces. 
V  1  Sam.  2.  7.  Ps. 

113.7. 

'33^io:''i3!\io:       So  that  their  hands  *cannot  perform  their  enterprise. 
*  Or,  cannot  per-  ^^  Hc  ""takcth  the  wisc  iu  thcir  own  craftiness  ; 
xs^Ti  9.%.       And  the  counsel  of  the  froward  is  carried  headlong. 

i^co.  1. 19.  &  3.  14  They  f meet  with  darkness  in  the  daytime, 
t  Or,  rim^  into.       And  gropc  iu  the  noonday  as  in  the  night. 

59!"'o.~Ara.8.9'.  ^^  But  ^hc  savcth  the  poor  from  the  sword, 
y  P8.35. 10.  From  their  mouth,  and  from  the  hand  of  the  mighty. 

'io7^'^.'-'-  ''"  ''  Sonhe  poor  hath  hope, 
"3^'ii^y^'Hrb'       ^"^  iniquity  stoppeth  her  mouth. 

12.  s!   Jam.  1."  ^^  "  Behold  !  "happy  is  the  man  whom  God  correcteth 


12.  Rev.  3.  jy.         Therefore  despise  not  thou  the  chastening  of  the  Almighty. 


ft  Deut.  32 


3o^26."ho.  6.^i'  ^"  ^^^  '^^®  maketh  sore,  and  bindeth  up ; 
c  Ps.  34.  19.  &       He  woundeth,  and  his  hands  make  whole. 

lei'ico^io.t-  ''  He  ^shall  deliver  thee  in  six  troubles  ; 
d  Vs.  91. 10.  Yea,  in  seven  ''there  shall  no  evil  touch  thee. 

*37.''i9i^'  ^^'  ^  ^^  In  'famine  he  shall  redeem  thee  from  death  ; 
^hands  ■^™'"  ^"^       "^"^  "^  ^^^^  tfrom  the  power  of  the  sword. 

*  Or,  when  the  ^^  Tliou  shalt  be  hid  *from  the  scourge  of  the  tongue ; 
Stio."''"'''''       Neither  shalt  thou  be  afraid  of  destruction  when  it  cometh. 

/isai.  11.  9.  &  ^^  At  destruction  and  famine  thou  shalt  laugh  ; 
E7:ek.34.'25.^'       Neither -^shalt  thou  be  afraid  of  the  beasts  of  the  earth. 
O^S.*^,!;  \,^^'k  ^^  For  ^thou  shalt  be  in  league  with  the  stones  of  the  field ; 

Ps,  9]*12    Iio  ^  ■— '  ' 

18."    ■  ■     ■"■       And  the  beasts  of  the  field  shall  be  at  peace  with  thee. 
^%  Lt^/aX' ''  "'*  A"fl  tl'ou  shalt  know  tthat  thy  tabernacle  shall  be  in  peace  ; 
X  Ox,  err.  And  tliou  shalt  visit  thy  habitation,  and  shalt  not  tsin. 

*  Or'  mlch'        ^^  '^iwu  shalt  kuow  also  that  ''thy  seed  shall  be  *great, 
i  P8?72ri6.  And  thine  offspring  'as  the  grass  of  the  earth. 

j  Prov.  9.  11.  &  -^  Thou  ^shalt  come  to  thy  grave  in  a  full  age, 
t  lieb.' asceniiefh.       Li'^^  as  a  shock  of  corn  tcometh  in  in  his  season. 

k  Vs.  III. 2.  27  Lq  ^}jjg  I  ^yg  ha.\e  ^searched  it,  so  it  is  ; 
Vrov:9:''i2!'"'^-       Hear  it,  and  know  thou  it  tfor  thy  good." 

Section  VI. — Reply  of  Job  to  Eliphaz. 

Joe  vi.  arid  vii. 
Job  shoireth  that  his  complaints  are  not  causeless.     8  He  wishethfor  death,  wherein  he  is  assured  of 
I  comfort.     14  He  reproveth  his  friends  of  unkitidness.  —  Chap.  vii.  1  He  excuseth  his  desire  of 

death.     12  He  complaineth  of  his  oivn  7-estlessness,  17  and  God's  icatchfulness. 

^  But  Job  answered  and  said  : — 
_L    ■       2  "  Oh  that  my  grief  were  throughly  weighed, 

*  Heb.zy^du;;.        And  my  calamity  *laid  in  the  balances  together! 


i 


Part  II.] 


a  Prov.  27.  3. 

t  That  i9,  /  want 
jcffrds  to  eTi>ress 
111  ij  grief.  Ps.  77. 
4. 

i  P3.  .38.  2. 

.:  Ps.  88.  15,  16. 

{  Heb.  at  grass. 


£V*=> 


REPLY  OF  JOB  TO  ELIPHAZ. 


Llax.^- 


*  Heb.  my  expec- 
tation, 
d  1  Kings  19.  4. 


e  Act*  20.  20. 
/Le.  19.2.  13.57. 


t  Heb.  brazen. 
a  Or,  There  is  no 
help  for  me  '.-Ed, 


X  Heb.   To  him 
that  mdteth.    Pr. 
17.  17. 

g  Ps.    38.   11.   & 
41.9.  Mat.  26. 49. 

A  Jer.  15.  18. 


*  Heb.  they  are 
cutoff. 

I  Heb.  in  the  heat 

thereof. 
J  Heb.  ezting-uishr- 

ed. 
i  Gen.  25.  15. 

j  1  Kings  10.  ]. 

Ps.  72.   10.    Ez. 

27.  22,  23. 
k  Jer.  14.  3. 

*  Or,  For  7ioi!<  ye 
are  like  to  them. 
Heb.  to  it.  ch. 
13.  4. 

t  Heb.  not. 
I  Ps.  38.  11. 


^h^l 


3  For  now  it  would  be  heavier  "than  the  sand  of  the  seaf  •''^'*  "^ 
Therefore  fmy  words  arc  swallowed  up.  cA.-t-*«  . 

•1  For  'the  arrows  of  the  Almighty  are  within  me,  ^hXti^P- 
The  poison  whereof  drinketh  up  my  spirit :     LXAfC^^" 
The  'terrors  of  God  do  set  themselves  in  arrafagainst  me.^ 

5  Doth  the  wild  ass  bray  twhen  he  hath  grass  '^- ffM^ljX^ .  Cx 
Or  loweth  the  ox  over  his  fodder  ?  ^^J[3;jL  ,    \j</u<uJ\ 

6  Can  that  which  is  unsavoury  be  eaten  without  salt  ^-^  --  -    ' 
Or  is  there  any  taste  in  the  white  of  an  egg  ?  ^-™- 

'  The  things  that  my  soul  refused  to  touch      (Um^.*^(A-/Cv-   C.-v^ 
Are  as  my  sorrowful  meat.    --  "  -"   i.^  >    ■}~Hy-<^  '~^~"^'S^^C?6'€^tJ5C*-w 

8  "  Oh  that  I  might  have  my  request ;     [y  •-^X-i.oy^^  ^ 

And  that  God  would  grant  me  *the  thing  that  I  long  for  !  ^ 

9  Even  ''that  it  would  please  God  to  destroy  me  ; 

That  he  would  let  loose  his  hand,  and  cut  me  off ! 
1°  Then  should  I  yet  have  comfort ;  /y.;  xCc  ^.-v,  ,         ^ 

Yea,  I  would  harden  myself  in  sorrow  :  .'.^'.'^^    *^ '^y?*^---  -ihk "^  " 
Let  him  not  spare  ;  for  'I  have  not  concealecf  the  Wgrds^  of 'tHe  "" 

11  What  is  my  strength,  that  I  should  hope  ?  <    ->^V, 
And  what  is  mine  end,  that  I  should  prolong  my  life  ?{_ 

12  Is  my  strength  the  strength  of  stones  ?  /li^c^^         '1   — — />..x_« 
Or  is  my  flesh  tof  brass  ?  A.  >  v~>-.  ^.(h»  ,.-vt-^c^.»^,A^^     (2^^^  i 

13  ais  not  my  help  in  me?     --d.L    JiX^«tt*,«_^      rtiCX 
And  is  wisdom  driven  quite  from  rt^Tn^"""*"*^     ^^^s/\^ 

1^  tTo  him  that  is  aflflicted  pity  should  be  Showed  from  his  friend ; 

But  he  forsaketh  the  fear  of  the  Almighty.        .  ^J-L^^ 

15  My  ^brethren  have  dealt  deceitfully  as  a  brook,  -v'     ^j^ 
And  ''as  the  stream  of  brooks  they  pass  away  ;  -    '      ^  -^ 

16  Which  are  blackish  by  reason  of  the  ice,      "  »■ 
And  wherein  the  snow  is  hid  :  ^ , 

1"^  What  time  they  wax  warm,  *they  vanish  :  ^  '         -  y^^^js^. 

tWhen  it  is  hot,  they  are  tconsumed  out  of  their  place.  -/-/ 


^ 


:  "J 


Jl-ii^ 


^Vvv*^a,Uj3-»^^w- 


\  Heb.  ye  cause  to 
full  upon. 
TO  Ps.  57.  6. 


*  Heb.  before  your 

face. 

n  ch.  17.  10. 
t  That  is,  in  this 

matter. 


18  The  paths  of  their  way  are  turned  aside  ; 
They  go  to  nothing,  and  perish. 

19  The  troops  of  'Tema  looked, 
The  companies  of  ^Sheba  waited  for  them. 

2°  They  were  ^confounded  because  they  had  hoped  ; 
They  came  thither,  and  were  ashamed. 

21  *For  now  ye  are  tnothing; 

Ye  see  my  casting  down,  and  'are  afraid. 

22  Did  I  say,  '  Bring  unto  me  ? ' 

Or,  '  Give  a  reward  for  me  of  your  substance  ?  ' 

23  Or,  '  Deliver  me  from  the  enemy's  hand  ? ' 

Or,  '  Redeem  me  from  the  hand  of  the  mighty  ? 

24  "  Teach  me,  and  I  will  hold  my  tongue : 
And  cause  me  to  understand  wherein  I  have  erred. 

25  How  forcible  are  right  words ! 

But  what  doth  your  arguing  reprove  ? 

26  Do  ye  imagine  to  reprove  words, 

And  the  speeches  of  one  that  is  desperate,  which  are  as  wind  ? 
2'^  Yea,  tye  overwhelm  the  fatherless, 

And  ye  '"dig  a  pit  for  your  friend. 
28  Now  therefore  be  content,  look  upon  me ; 

For  it  is  *evident  unto  you  if  I  lie. 
2^  Return,  "I  pray  you,  let  it  not  be  iniquity  ; 

Yea,  return  again,  my  righteousness  is  tin  it, 
"^^  Is  there  iniquity  in  my  tongue  ? 


42  THE  ARGUMENT  OF  BILDAD.  [Period  II. 

\h!'i2."ii.  fc^M.'       Cannot  tmy  taste  discern  perverse  things  ? 

3-  Ms  there  not  *an  appointed  time  to  man  upon  earth  ?  Job  viL 

\°V5Xu:       Are  not  his  days  also  Uke  the  days  of  a  iiireUng ? 
2  As  a  servant  tearnestly  desireth  the  shadow, 
And  as  a  hireUng  looketh  for  the  reward  of  his  work : 
0  See  ch.  29. 2.      3  Qq  ^m  I  made  to  possess  "months  of  vanity, 
And  wearisome  nights  are  appointed  to  me. 
^ch'ii.fi  ^''      "  When  n  he  down,  I  say, 
X  Heh.'tfu:^ening       '  When  shall  I  arise,  and  tthe  night  be  gone  ? ' 
bemcasar^d.  ^^^  j  ^^^^  ^^jj  ^^  tossings  to  and  fro  unto  the  dawning  of  the  day. 

q  Is.  14.  II.  5  ]vjy  flgsi^  is  'clothed  with  worms  and  clods  of  dust ; 

My  skin  is  broken,  and  become  loathsome. 
''^'i'lT^'n  pt'    ^  ^^y  '^^y^  ^^^  swifter  than  a  weaver's  shuttle, 
9o!6.&W.  n!       And  are  spent  without  hope. 

&    103.    15.    &     _  ^  1         ^1     X  «  ir     •  •    -4  t 

144.  4.    Is.  38.    '  O  remember  that    my  hie  is  wind  ! 

Mine  eye  *  shall  no  more  tsee  good. 

The  'eye  of  him  that  hath  seen  me  shall  see  me  no  more  : 

Thine  eyes  are  upon  me,  and  tl  am  not. 

As  the  cloud  is  consumed  and  vanisheth  away : 

So  "he  that  goeth  down  to  the  grave  shall  come  up  no  more. 
t  ch.20.  9.  10  jjg  sijall  return  no  more  to  his  house, 

^Ji'^^/er."'"       Neither  'shall  his  place  know  him  any  more. 
u  2Sam.  1-2. 23.    11  Therefore  I  will  not  refrain  my  mouth  ; 
V'ps^"37^'3'6.^&       I  will  speak  in  the  anguish  of  my  spirit ; 

I  will  "complain  in  the  bitterness  of  my  soul. 
^~  "  Am  I  a  sea,  or  a  whale, 

That  Thou  settest  a  watch  over  me  ? 
13  When  ""I  say,  '  My  bed  shall  comfort  me, 

My  couch  shall  ease  my  complaint ; ' 
1'*  Then  Thou  scarest  me  with  dreams, 

And  terrifiest  me  through  visions  : 

15  So  that  my  soul  chooseth  strangling, 
And  death  rather  than  *my  life. 

16  I  noathe  it — I  would  not  live  alway : 

» ch.  10.  20.  &       Let  "me  alone — for  my  days  are  vanity. 
&■(!:  9.''    ■    ■  17  What  "is  man,  that  thou  shouldest  magnify  him  ? 
^ul%V*^-       And  that  thou  shouldest  set  thy  heart  upon  him  ? 

18  And  that  thou  shouldest  visit  him  every  morning, 
And  try  him  every  moment  ? 

19  How  long  wilt  thou  not  depart  from  me, 
Nor  let  me  alone  till  I  swallow  down  my  spittle  ? 

2°  I  have  sinned  ; 

What  shall  I  do  unto  thee,  O  thou  ^Preserver  of  men  ? 
FllTvtsi^.      Why  4iast  thou  set  me  as  a  mark  against  Thee, 
» ch.  ifi.  12   Ps.       So  that  I  am  a  burden  to  myself? 

■   *■  ■"■  21  And  why  dost  Thou  not  pardon  my  transgression, 
And  take  away  mine  iniquity  ? 

For  now  shall  I  sleep  in  the  dust ;  ^^ 

And  Thou  shalt  seek  me  in  the  morning,  but  I  shall  not  be. 


4 
t  Heb.  gccpelh  af- 


12.  &  40.  6.    Ja. 
4.  14. 

s  Ps.  78.39.  &  89. 

47. 
*  Heb.  skaU    not 

return. 
t  To  see,  that  is, 

to  enjoy. 


103.  16. 


1,-h.  10.  1. 


3.  Heb.  2.  6. 


a  Or,  Observe 


Section  VII. —  The  Argument  taken  up  hy  Bildad. 


Job  viii. 


JOB      Vlil. 

Bildad  slwweth  God's  juHice  in  dealing  ^oith  imn  according  to  f^eir  jcorks      ^^/fjiffff  f'^^^^ 
to  prove  tlie  certain  destruction  of  the  hypocrite.     20  He  apphelh  God's  just  dealing  to  Job. 

1  Then  answered  Bild.\d  the  Shuhite,  and  said  : — 
2  "How  lonfT  wilt  thou  speak  these  things? 
And  hoiv  long  shall  the  words  of  thy  mouth  be  like  a  strong  wmd  ? 


Part  II.]  THE  REPLY  OF  JOB  TO  BILDAD.  43 

sECTjvii.       3  Doth  "God  pervert  judgment  ? 
a  Ge.  18.0.-,.  De.       Or  doth  the  Almighty  pervert  justice  ? 
rrch'.  iM.Sa,  n!    ^  If  Hhy  children  have  sinned  against  him, 
Da.  9. 14.'  Ro.3       ^,-j^^  j^g  havc  cast  them  away  *for  their  transgression  ; 
5  If  'thou  wouldest  seek  unto  God  betimes, 
And  make  thy  supplication  to  the  Almighty ; 


10.  26.  &  11.  7. 
J  Heb.  a  Rider's 

ho 

6. 
M  ch.  27.  18. 


6  ch.  1.  5,  18. 
♦  Heb.  in  the 

^a,t'rrcsslL       ^  If  thou  wcrt  purc  and  upright 
c  ch.  5. 8.  &  11.       Surely  now  he  would  awake  for  thee, 
i3.&22.23,&c       ^^j  ^^j^g  the  habitation  of  thy  righteousness  prosperous, 

'  Though  thy  beginning  was  small, 
Yet  thy  latter  end  should  greatly  increase. 
d  Deut.  4. 32.  &  8  a  YoT  ''inquire,  I  pray  thee,  of  the  former  age, 

39. 7.  ch.  15. 18.       ^^^  prepare  thyself  to  the  search  of  their  fathers, 
eGe.47. 9.  1  Ch.    9  (For  'we  are  but  of  yesterday,  and  know^  tnothing, 
fs'.  39. 5^'  ''^'^'       Because  our  days  upon  earth  are  a  shadow  ;) 
f  Heb.  not.         10  §^^11  uot  they  teach  thee,  and  tell  thee, 
And  utter  words  out  of  their  heart  ? 
11  Can  the  rush  grow  up  without  mire  ? 
Can  the  flag  grow  without  water  ? 
/  Vs.  129. 6.  Jer.  12  "Whilst  -^it  is  yet  in  his  greenness,  and  not  cut  down, 
It  withereth  before  any  other  herb. 
13  So  are  the  paths  of  all  that  forget  God ; 
g  ch.  11.  20.  &       And  the  ^hypocrite's  hope  shall  perish : 
pb".  iii^'io^''?^:  ^^  Whose  hope  shall  be  cut  off". 

And  whose  irnst  shall  be  la  spider's  web. 
^a"^1'  "'i^59!^5,  15  He  ''shall  lean  upon  his  house — but  it  shall  not  stand  : 
He  shall  hold  it  fast — but  it  shall  not  endure. 
He  is  green  before  the  sun, 
And  his  branch  shooteth  forth  in  his  garden. 
1'  His  roots  are  wrapped  about  the  heap. 
And  seeth  the  place  of  stones. 
i  See  ch.  7. 10.    18  jf  ifjc  dcstroy  him  from  his  place,  then  it  shall  deny  Him, 
Saying,  I  have  not  seen  Thee. 
19  Behold  !  this  is  the  joy  of  his  way, 
j  Ps.  113.7.  And  ^ut  of  the  earth  shall  others  grow. 

*u^!odiTbl  Ihe  ^^  "  Behold  !  God  will  not  cast  away  a  perfect  man, 

'""^-  Neither  will  he  *help  the  evil  doers : 

tneK^shouUn,      ^^   ^.^^  j^^   ^jj   ^j^^   ^^^^^  ^^.^^^    kughiug, 

*io9: 29^'  ^^'  ^       And  thy  lips  with  trejoicing. 
t  Heb.  'skM  not  22  They  that  hate  thee  shall  be  "clothed  with  shame ; 
*'•  And  the  dwelling-place  of  the  wicked  tshall  come  to  nought." 

Section  VIII. — Reply  of  Job  to  Bildad,  in  which  he  asserts,  that  Affliction 

is  no  Proof  of  Wickedness. 
Job  ix.  and  x. 
Job,  acknotoledg-ing  God's  justice,  showeth  there  is  no  contending  with  him.    22  Man's  innocency  is 
not  to  be  condemned  bij  afflictions.  —  Chap.  x.  1  Taking  libertij  of  complaint,  he  expostulateth  with 
God  about  his  afflictions.     18  He  complaineth  of  life,  and  craveth  a  little  ease  before  death. 

1  Then  Job  answered  and  said  : — 
sECT^ni.      2  u  I  i^now  it  is  so  of  a  truth : 
a  Ps.  143. 2.  Eo.       But  how  should  "man  be  just  *with  God  ? 
If  he  will  contend  with  Him, 
He  cannot  answer  Him  one  of  a  thousand. 
6  ch.36.5.  4  jje  ''is  wise  in  heart,  and  mighty  in  strength : 

Who  hath  hardened  himself  against  Him,  and  hath  prospered  ? 
^  Which  removeth  the  mountains,  and  they  know  not : 
'joJra^.'ie^^ai;       Which  overturneth  them  in  his  anger. 


3 

Or,  before  Ood. 


Joel  d.  lb.    Hag.  o 

2.  G,2i.  He.  12.    6  Which  'shaketh  the  earth  out  of  her  place, 
And  ''the  pillars  thereof  tremble. 


2(' 
d  ch.  26.  11 


44  THE  REPLY  OF  JOB  TO  BILDAD.  [Period  II. 

"^  Which  commandeth  the  sun,  and  it  riseth  not ; 
And  sealeth  up  the  stars, 
e  See  Gen.  1.1, 6.    8  Which  'alonc  sprcadeth  out  the  heavens, 
t  Heb.  iieights.  And  trcadcth  upon  the  t waves  of  the  sea. 

•^38.'3i,&c.Vm;    ^  Which  -^maketh  tArcturus,  Orion,  and  Pleiades, 
5-8.  '  And  the  chambers  of  the  South. 

andci^ah.      '  ^'^  Which  "docth  great  things  past  finding  out; 
g  oh.  5.9.  Ps.71.       Yea,  and  wonders  without  number. 
k  ch.23.  8,  9.  &  ^^  Lo  !  ''he  goeth  by  me,  and  I  see  him  not : 
■^  ^^-  9  je  18       ^^  passeth  on  also,  but  I  perceive  him  not. 
'  G.'  R'd.9.20.  ■  ^~  Behold  !  'he  taketh  away,  *who  can  hinder  him  ? 
*t^rl\m'^,oay7      Who  will  Say  uuto  him,  '  What  doest  thou  ? ' 
ch.  11. 10.         13  Jf  God  will  not  withdraw  his  anger, 
t  Heb.  luipers  of       The  tproud  hclpcrs  do  stoop  under  him. 
^^r'ch.26.  ^'^  How  much  less  shall  I  answer  him, 
12.  Is.  30. 7.  ^^j  choose  out  my  words  to  reason  with  him  ! 

15  Whom,  'though  I  were  righteous,  yet  would  I  not  answer, 

But  I  would  make  supplication  to  my  Judge. 
^^  If  I  had  called,  and  He  had  answered  me  ; 

Yet  would  I  not  believe  that  He  had  hearkened  unto  my  voice. 
^^  For  He  breaketh  me  with  a  tempest. 

And  multiplieth  my  wounds  ^without  cause. 
^^  He  will  not  suffer  me  to  take  my  breath, 

But  fiUeth  me  with  bitterness. 
^^  If  /  speak  of  strength,  lo  !  He  is  strong : 

And  if  of  judgment,  who  shall  set  me  a  time  to  plead? 
2"  If  I  justify  myself,  mine  own  mouth  shall  condemn  me : 

If  I  say, '  1  am  perfect,'  it  shall  also  prove  me  perverse. 
21  Though  I  were  perfect,  yet  would  I  not  know  my  soul : 
I  would  despise  my  life. 

22  "  This  is  one  thing,  therefore  I  said  it, 
Ez-       '  He  'destroyeth  the  perfect  and  the  wicked.' 
23  If  the  scourge  slay  suddenly. 

He  will  laugh  at  the  trial  of  the  innocent. 
2^1  The  earth  is  given  into  the  hand  of  the  wicked : 
He  "covereth  the  faces  of  the  judges  thereof — 


j  ch.  10.  15. 


k  ch.  2.  3.  & 


I  Ec.  9.  2,  3. 
21.  3. 


Ilab.  1.  8. 
p  ch.  7.  13, 


m2Sa.  15.30. 

If  not,  where,  and  who  is  He  ? 
n  See  ch.  7. 6, 7.  25  ]\-q^  "jjjy  (j^ys  are  swiftcr  than  a  post: 

They  flee  away,  they  see  no  good. 
^^rc.  OTr^hifs  ^^  They  are  passed  away  as  the  tswift  ships : 
"■C,^?"''"  1  -^s  "the  eagle  that  hasteth  to  the  prey. 

2'''  If  ^I  say,  '  I  will  forget  my  complaint, 

I  will  leave  off  my  heaviness,  and  comfort  myself; ' 
,  Ps.  119. 120.      28  I  ?a,^^  afraid  of  all  my  sorrows, 
r  Exod.  20. 7.  J  j^j^^^y  ^j^^^^  rpj^^^  r^^^jj^  ^^^^  j^^jj  ^^^  inuoccnt. 

29  If  I  be  wicked,  why  then  labor  I  in  vain  ? 
» jer.2.22.         30  jf  «j  ^^,^^]^  mysclf  vvith  snow  water. 
And  make  my  hands  never  so  clean  ; 

•  OT,make  mc  to  ^^  Yct  slialt  Thou  plungc  iiic  iu  the  ditch, 
be  abhorred.  ^j^^j  j^jj-jg  q^^.,^  clotlics  shall  *abhor  me. 

'e.  ?o.;^fs^^5^5:  32  For  'He  is  not  a  man,  as  I  am,  that  I  sliould  answer  Him, 
jerM9.  19.  Ro.       ^^^^  ^^^  should  comc  together  in  judgment. 
t  iieh.  one  viat  33  Neither  is  there  tanv  tdavsman  bctwi.vt  us, 

should  argue.  ,^,  .11  1  •      1"  1  1      lU 

X  ot,mnime.  That  might  lay  Ins  hand  upon  us  both. 

« ch.  \x  20-22,    34  j^e(  "Him  take  liis  rod  away  from  me, 

&  33.  7.    Pa.  39.  .       11,  xi-r  ^         -r 

10.  And  let  not  his  tear  tcrriiy  me : 

*  Heb.  Bid  /am  35  Then  wouM  I  SDcak,  and  not  fear  Him  ; 

not  so   vntk  my-  _  '         .   ,  ,, 

self.  *But  it  IS  not  so  With  me. 


Part  IL] 


ZOPHAR  CONTINUES  ELIPHAZ'S  ARGUMENT. 


45 


t  Or,  cut  off  while 
Hire.  IKi.  19. 
4.  ch.  7. 16.  Jon. 
4.  3,  8,  9. 

V  ch.  7.  11. 


J  Ileb.   the   labor 
of  thy  Imiuls7 
See  Ge.  1.  26. 


*  Heb.  It  is  upon 

thy  knowledge. 

Ps.  139.  1,  2. 
■f  Heb.  took  pains 

about    me.      Ps. 

119.  73. 
a  Or,     Yet    dost 

Thou       destroy 

me  ;—Ed. 
X  See  Gen.  2.  7. 

y  Ps.  139.  14-16. 


X  Heb.  hedged. 


a  Is.  3.  11. 

b  ch.  9. 15,20,  21. 

c  Ps.  25.  18. 
d  Is.  38.  13.    La. 
3.  10.  Ho.  5.  14. 

&   13.  7,  8. 
*  That  is,  t]iy 
plagues.  Ruth  1. 


/  See  ch.  7.  C,  16. 

&8.9. 
g- Seech. 7. 16,19. 


^  My  soul  is  tweary  of  my  life  ;  .  Job  x. 

I  will  leave  my  complaint  upon  myself ; 
I  "will  speak  in  the  bitterness  of  my  soul. 

2  I  Avill  say  unto  God,  '  Do  not  condemn  me  ; 
Show  me  wherefore  thou  contendest  with  me. 

3  Is  it  good  unto  thee  that  thou  shouldest  oppress, 
That  thou  shouldest  despise  tthe  work  of  thy  hands, 
And  shine  upon  the  counsel  of  the  wicked  ? 

"*  Hast  thou  eyes  of  flesh  ? 

Or  "seest  thou  as  man  seeth  ? 
^  Are  thy  days  as  the  days  of  man  ? 

Are  thy  years  as  man's  days, 
^  That  thou  inquirest  after  mine  iniquity, 

And  searchest  after  my  sin  ? 
"^  *Thou  knowest  that  I  am  not  wicked ; 

And  there  is  none  that  can  deliver  out  of  thy  hand. 
^  "  Thy  hands  thave  made  me 

And  fashioned  me  together  round  about — 

''Yet  Thou  dost  destroy  me. 
9  Remember,  I  beseech  thee,  that  ^Thou  hast  made  me  as  the  clay  ; 

And  wilt  thou  bring  me  into  dust  again  ? 
1°  Hast  ^Thou  not  poured  me  out  as  milk, 

And  curdled  me  like  cheese? 
^1  Thou  hast  clothed  me  with  skin  and  flesh, 

And  hast  tfenced  me  with  bones  and  sinews. 

12  Thou  hast  granted  me  life  and  favor, 

And  thy  visitation  hath  preserved  my  spirit. 

13  And  these  things  hast  Thou  hid  in  thy  heart : 
I  know  that  this  is  with  thee. 

14  "  If  I  sin,  then  ^Thou  markest  me. 

And  Thou  wilt  not  acquit  me  from  mine  iniquity. 
1^  If  I  be  wicked,  "woe  unto  me ! 

And  Hf  I  be  righteous,  yet  will  I  not  lift  up  my  head. 

I  am  full  of  confusion  ;  therefore  "see  thou  mine  affliction ; 
16  For  it  increaseth — Thou  ''huntest  me  as  a  fierce  lion : 

And  again  Thou  showest  thyself  marvellous  upon  me. 
1^  Thou  renewest  *thy  witnesses  against  me. 

And  increasest  thine  indignation  upon  me  : 

Changes  and  war  are  against  me. 

18  u  Wherefore  'then    hast  Thou   brought   me  forth   out   of  the 

Oh  that  I  had  given  up  the  ghost,  and  no  eye  had  seen  me !  [womb  ? 

19  I  should  have  been  as  though  I  had  not  been  ; 

I  should  have  been  carried  from  the  womb  to  the  grave. 

20  Are  ^not  my  days  few  ?  cease  Hhen, 

And  let  me  alone,  that  I  may  take  comfort  a  little, 

21  Before  I  go  whence  I  shall  not  return, 

Eve7i  to  Hhe  land  of  darkness  and  the  shadow  of  death  ; 

22  A  land  of  darkness,  as  darkness  itself; 

And  of  the  shadow  of  death,  without  any  order, 
And  where  the  light  is  as  darkness.'  " 


Section  IX.- 


-ZopTiar  takes  up  the  Argument  of  Eliphaz  toith  great  asperity, 
and  urges  the  Necessity  of  Repentance. 


Zophar  reproveth  Job  for  justifying  himself.    5  God's  icisdom  is  unsearchable.     13  The  assured 

blessing  of  repentance. 

1  Then  answered  Zophar  the  Naamathite,  and  said : — 
2  "  Should  not  the  multitude  of  words  be  answered  ? 


46  JOB'S  REPLY  TO  THE  WHOLE  ARGUMENT.       [Period  IL 

SECT^IX.  ^,^j  gi^Q^j^  *^  ^^^^  f-^^jj  ^f  ^^j],   '^Q  justified  ? 

*  Heb.  a  man  of    ^  Sliould  thy  tlies  make  men  hold  their  peace  ? 

t  Or,  devkes.  ^"^  whcn  thou  mockcst,  shall  no  man  make  thee  ashamed  ?  ^ 

a  ch.  10. 7.  ^  For  "thou  hast  said,  '  My  doctrine  is  pure, 

And  I  am  clean  in  thine  eyes.' 
^  But  oh  that  God  would  speak, 

And  open  his  lips  against  thee  ! 
^  And  that  he  would  show  thee  the  secrets  of  wisdom, 

That  they  are  double  to  that  which  is ! 
6  Ezra  9. 13.  Kuow  therefore  Hhat  God  exacteth  of  thee 

Less  than  thine  iniquity  deserveth. 


3.  II. 


"^  "  Canst  '^thou  by  searching  find  out  God  ' 


^*'  ^'  Canst  thou  find  out  the  Almighty  unto  perfection  ? 

ofhea'vm.  "° '"   ®  It  is  tas  high  as  heaven — what  canst  thou  do  ? 
Deeper  than  hell — what  canst  thou  know  ? 
^  The  measure  thereof  is  longer  than  the  earth, 
ehailge.ch.d.n.       And  broader  than  the  sea. 
&^2.  14.   Rev.  10  jf  jjg  *^m  ^ff^  ^^^  gj^y^  yp  Qj.  gj^^jjgj.  together, 

t  ueh   who  can      Then  twho  can  hinder  Him? 

turn  him  away?    ,,    _^         ,__      i  i  • 

d  Ps.  10.  14.  &  ^'  ror  He  knoweth  vain  men : 

35. 22.  &  94. 11.       jje  seeth  wickedness  also  ; 

Will  He  not  then  consider  it  7 
X  Ueh.  empty.  Ps.  ^^  YoY  tvain  man  would  be  wise, 

Ec.  3.'  18.   ko!       Though  man  be  born  like  a  wild  ass's  colt. 
e\hX  8.  &  22.  ^^  "  I^  'thou  prepare  thy  heart, 

21.  isam.  7. 3.       And  -^strctch  out  thy  hands  toward  Him  ; 
/Ps.88. 9.&143.  ^^  If  iniquity  be  in  thy  hand,  put  it  far  away, 

•5-  And  ^let  not  wickedness  dwell  in  thy  tabernacles. 

f  See  Ge.  4.5  6.  ^^  ^^^  ''then  shalt  thou  lift  up  thy  face  without  spot ; 

mA  ?■  h-  u  h-       Yea,  thou  shalt  be  steadfast,  and  shalt  not  fear : 

119.6.  lJohn2.    ,„  -r,  ,  i     i     w  ,  • 

28.  &  3. 21.        16  Because  thou  shalt  'forget  thy  misery, 
I  Is.  65. 16.  j^^^  remember  it  as  waters  that  pass  away. 

*  Ueh.  shall  arise  17  ^^^  thiuc  age  *shall  be  clearer  than  the  noonday ; 

above   the    noon-  __  iii-  pii  iii  i  • 

day.  PS.37.6.&       1  hou  shalt  shinc  lorth,  thou  shalt  be  as  the  mornmg. 
8,  lb.  .Mic.^7.  9."  ^^  And  thou  shalt  be  secure,  because  there  is  hope  ; 
.;•  Lev.  26.  5,  6.       Yea,  thou  shalt  dig  about  thee, 

Ps    3    5&48 

Prov."3.'24.  '   '       And  -'thou  slialt  take  thy  rest  in  safety. 
^fact'vTAtmf  ^^  Also  thou  shalt  lie  down,  and  none  shall  make  thee  afraid ; 
k  Le.  26. 16.  De.       Yea,  many  shall  tmake  suit  unto  thee. 
t  vioh'.fli^jit shall  ^°  I^"t  *the  eyes  of  the  wicked  shall  fail, 

perish  from  tliem.  ^^J    Jthcy   shall  UOt  CSCapC, 

H.Prov.'u.  7.'       And  'their  hope  shall  be  as  *the  giving  up  of  the  ghost." 

*  Or,   a   puff  of 

*"""'•  Section  X. — Reply  of  Job  to  the  lohole  Argument. 

Job  xii.,  xiii.,  and  xiv. 
"  Job  maintaineth  himself  against  Ms  friends  that  reprove  him.     7  He  acknowledgeth  the  general  doc- 

trine of  God's  omnipotencij.  —  Chap.  xiii.  1  He  reproveth  his  friejids  of  partialilij.  14  He  pro- 
fesseth  his  confidence  in  God,  20  and  entreateth  to  know  his  own  sins,  and  God's  pui-pose  in 
afflicting  him.  —  Chap.  xiv.  1  He  entreateth  God  for  furor,  by  the  shortness  of  life,  and  certainty 
of  death.  7  Though  life  once  lost  be  irrecoverable,  yet  he  waitethfor  his  change.  16  By  sin  tlie 
creattire  is  subject  to  corruption. 

SECT^  X.  1  ^^^  j^^  answered  and  said  : — 

*  Heb.  a  heart.  2  u  jvJq  doubt  but  ye  are  the  people, 
t  Heb.  //aH  not  And  wisdoiii  shall  die  with  you  ! 

lower  than  yuu.  3  jj^t  X  liuvc  *understanding  as  well  as  you  ; 

t  Heb.  ?ci«/t  irAom  ,-,  ^   •     r     •        x 

are  not  such  as       Tl  am  uot  intcnor  to  you  : 

'*rL   in  jc        Yea,  twho  knoweth  not  such  things  as  these  ? 

a  ch.    16.    10.   &  '  ,       1       ,-    ,  •  -11 

17. 2,  G.  &21.3.    4  J    am  cfs  one  mocked  ot   his  neighbour, 
i^'3. 91.15.  Who  'culleth  upon  God,  and  he  answereth  him: 


Part  II.]  JOB'S  REPLY  TO  THE  WHOLE  ARGUMENT. 

The  just  upright  man  is  laughed  to  scorn. 
cProv.H.  2.         5  jje  'that  is  ready  to  slip  with  his  feel 

Is  as  a  lamp  despised  in  the  thought  of  him  tiiat  is  at  ease. 
''37!"if35.^&  73:  ^  "  '^'^®  'tabernacles  of  robbers  prosper, 

ii^ii  &  93.  7'.       And  they  that  provoke  God  are  secure  ; 
if'^Hab.  1. 4.    ■       Into  whose  hand  God  bringeth  ahundantly. 
Mui.  3.  JD.  7  But  jjgi^  j^Q^y  tj^g  beasts — and  they  shall  teach  thee  ; 

And  the  fowls  of  the  air — and  they  shall  tell  thee  : 
^  Or  speak  to  the  earth — and  it  shall  teach  thee  : 

And  the  fishes  of  the  sea  shall  declare  unto  thee. 
^  Who  knoweth  not  in  all  these 
That  the  hand  of  the  Lord  hath  wrought  this  ? 
*5^^^Ac^7^8'  ^°  ^'^  'whose  hand  is  the  *soul  of  every  living  thing, 
*ox,'ufe.'  '    '       And  the  breath  of  fall  mankind. 
^^^:  '^  ^""^  "^  ^^  "  ^oth  ""not  the  ear  try  words  ? 

/ch.  k  3.  And  the  tmouth  taste  his  meat  ? 

t^Heb.  palate,  ci>.  12  "^j^jj  f  jj^g  Aucieut  is  wisdom  ; 
5-ch.32.7.  And  in  length  of  days  understanding. 

*ood%h%.Zt  ^^  *^ith  Him  is  wisdom  and  strength, 
se^s.''  ■  ■  ■  He  hath  counsel  and  understanding. 

A  ch.  11. 10.        H  Behold  !  ^He  breaketh  down— and  it  cannot  be  built  again 
^J.'kTe;3.^7:       -^^  shutteth  tup  a  man— and  there  can  be  no  opening, 
i  1  Kings  8. 35.  &  ^^  Bchold  !  Hc  Hvithholdcth  the  waters — and  they  dry  up  : 
j  Gen.' 7. 11,  &c.       ^^^^  He^sendeth  them  out — and  they  overturn  the  earth. 
k  Ge.  1. 1.  ^6  With  *Him  is  strength  and  wisdom  : 

The  deceived  and  the  deceiver  are  his. 
^^  He  leadeth  counsellors  away  spoiled, 
'I  n^H  03  fs        ^"^  'maketh  the  judges  fools. 
19  i2.&^:  14.'  18  He  looseth  the  bond  of  kings, 

1  Cor.  1.  19.  A      J       •     1      1       1      •      .    -  ° 

And  girdeth  their  loms  with  a  girdle. 
^^  He  leadeth  princes  away  spoiled, 

And  overthroweth  the  mighty. 
^^ifJ!"!  '"  He  removeth  away  Ithe  speech  of  the  trusty, 
rfp?"io''  ^'  ^^'  o    ^"1  taketh  away  the  understanding  of  the  aged. 
"oan.  al'sL °'      "^  Hc  "pourcth  contempt  upon  princes, 
*^rke'"o7fke  '"'   ,  ^"^„  *weakeneth  the  strength  of  the  mighty. 
'^""ff-  ^^  He  "discovereth  deep  things  out  of  darkness, 

"io°26^i  c^.'i.l:       And  bringeth  out  to  light  the  shadow  of  death. 


47 


"g^'a^af  is.^''  ^^  ^®  "increaseth  the  nations,  and  destroy eth  them  : 
nieiiead'etkln.       Hc  cnlargcth  the  nations,  and  tstraiteneth  them  ao-ain 

24  tT«    i_j._^i  .11  „      ,  .  .     „        -      .  o 

p  Ps.  107.  4,  40. 

De.  32.  10.  Q^ 

g  ch.  5.  14. 


He  tajveth  away  the  heart  of  the  chief  of  the  people  of  the  earth, 

And  ^causeth  them  to  wander  in  a  wilderness  where  there  is  no  way. 

, They  'grope  in  the  dark  without  light, 

*p".1b7"l?f"-         ^""^  ^^  maketh  them  to  tstagger  like  a  drunken  man. 

Lo  !  mine  eye  hath  seen  all  this,  j^^    ... 

Mine  ear  hath  heard  and  understood  it.  "^  ^"'* 

Yh.  12. 3.  &  15.    2  wjjj^t  ^ye  know,  the  same  do  I  know  also  : 

I  am  not  inferior  unto  you. 
.^ch.  23. 3.  &  31.  3  ..  gu,giy  q  ^y^^y  gpg^,^  j^  ^^^  Almighty, 

And  I  desire  to  reason  with  God. 
^  But  ye  are  forgers  of  lies. 

Ye  'are  all  physicians  of  no  value. 
^  O  that  ye  would  altogether  hold  your  peace  ! 

And  "it  should  be  your  wisdom. 
^  "  Hear  now  my  reasoning. 

And  hearken  to  the  pleadings  of  my  lips. 
^  Will  "ye  speak  wickedly  for  God  ? 


u  Prov.  17.  23. 


48  JOB'S  REPLY  TO  THE  WHOLE  x\RGUMENT.         [Period  H. 

And  talk  deceitfully  for  him  ? 
^  Will  ye  accept  his  person  ? 
Will  ye  contend  for  God  ? 
^  Is  it  good  that  He  should  search  you  out  ? 

Or  as  one  man  mocketh  another,  do  ye  so  mock  him  ? 
^°  He  will  surely  reprove  you, 

If  ye  do  secretly  accept  persons. 
^^  Shall  not  his  excellency  make  you  afraid  ? 

And  his  dread  fall  upon  you  ? 
^2  Your  remembrances  are  like  unto  ashes. 
Your  bodies  to  bodies  of  clay. 
*fr^,^'mF.'  '^'^  ^^  "  *Hold  your  peace,  let  me  alone. 

That  I  may  speak,  and  let  come  on  me  what  will. 
«  ch.  18. 4.         14  Wherefore  "do  I  take  my  flesh  in  my  teeth, 

Vs  ^n™'  109'  ^^'       ^^^  ^P"^  "^y  ^^^^  "^  "^y  h^nd  ? 

y  Pa.  23. 4.  Prov.  ^^  Though  ^Hc  slay  me,  yet  will  I  trust  in  Him  : 

}t  *^"  But  I  will  tmaintain  mine  own  ways  before  Him. 

t  Heb.  prove,  or,  ,      n  i  i       .•  "^ 

argue,  ch.  27. 5.  lo  He  also  shail  bc  my  salvation  : 

For  a  hypocrite  shall  not  come  before  Him. 
1^  Hear  diligently  my  speech. 

And  my  declaration  with  your  ears. 
1^  Behold  now,  I  have  ordered  my  cause ! 

I  know  that  I  shall  be  justified. 
idi.33.6.  Is.  50.  19  Who  ^is  hc  that  will  plead  with  me  ? 

For  now,  if  I  hold  my  tongue,  I  shall  give  up  the  ghost. 
a_ch.9. 34.  &  33.  oq  u  Q^^\y  '^^^  jjot  two  thiugs  uuto  me  : 

Then  will  I  not  hide  myself  from  Thee. 
b  Ps.  39. 10.        21  Withdraw  Hhy  hand  far  from  me  : 

And  let  not  thy  dread  make  me  afraid. 

22  Then  call  Thou,  and  I  will  answer : 

Or  let  me  speak,  and  answer  Thou  me. 

23  How  many  are  mine  iniquities  and  sins  ? 

cDeut  31  17.  &        Make  me  to  know  my  transgression  and  my  sin. 
f^:il-l%]-  24  Wherefore  ^hidest  Thou  thy  face, 
i-i- &  10^29^13.       And  "^boldest  me  for  thine  enemy  ? 
&64.'7.Ez;39.  25  Wilt  Thou  break  a  leaf  driven  to  and  fro? 


d  De.  32.  42.  Ru. 
1.21.  ch.  16.9. 
11.  &  33. 


And  wilt  Thou  pursue  the  dry  stubble  ? 

For  Thou  writest  bitter  things  against  me, 
lo.'Lam!  2? 5""'       Aiid  'makcst  me  to  possess  the  iniquities  of  my  youth. 
e^ch.  20. 11.  Ps.    27  Thou  -^puttcst  my  feet  also  in  the  stocks, 
/ch.  33. 11.  And  tlookest  narrowly  unto  all  my  paths  ; 

*s"e''ch''*iT''iG*'        Thou  settest  a  print  upon  the  *heels  of  my  feet. 
*H^h.roots.        28  And  Hc,  as  a  rotten  thing,  consumeth, 
*Ec?2.''23.^' '■  ^^  ^  garment  that  is  moth  eaten. 

Man  ^that  is  born  of  a  woman  Job  xiv. 

Is  tof  few  days,  and  full  of  trouble. 

He  ''cometh  forth  like  a  flower — and  is  cut  down: 


t  Heb.     slwrt    of 

dat/s. 
h  ci).  8.9.  P8.90. 

5,  6,  9.  &.   102. 

]\\'^^V'lat       He  fleeth  also  as  a  shadow — and  continueth  not. 

144.  4.  Is.  40.  b- 

s.Jam.i.  10,11.    3  And  'dost  Thou  open  thine  eyes  upon  .such  an  one, 

&  4.  14.    1  Pet.  A       ,    ,,     •  •     .       •      1  X        WI     T-l  -^ 

1.24.  And  ^bnngcst  me  mto  judgment  with  Ihee 

i  See  ch.  7.  17, 
;  Ps.  143.  2. 

X  Heb.  Who  vTiii       Not  one 

givcl  See  Ge.  5. 
3.  &8.  21.  John 
3.  r>.  Rom.  5. 12. 
Ephes.  2.  3. 

tch.7. 1.  Thou  hast  appointed  his  bounds  that  he  cannot  pass 

i^Heb 'Ja^f '  ^^"      ^  '^"'■"    '^•■""^   '"'^'   ^^^^^    ^^^   ^^^y  *''^^^' 

„i  see'cTT.'!.         Till  lie  shall  accomplish,  as  '"a  hireling,  his  day. 


t  Who  can  bring  a  clean  thing  out  of  an  unclean  ? 

Not  one. 

Seeing  ^his  days  are  determined, 

The  number  of  his  months  are  with  Thee, 


Part  II.]    SECOND  CONTROVERSY— ELIPH A Z  ACCUSETH  JOB  OF  IMPIETY.     49 


f  Heb.  is  weakai- 
ed,  or,  cut  off. 


0  Ps.  102.  26.  Is. 
34.4.  &  51.e.& 
(35.  17.  &  60.  22. 
Mat.  24.35.  Ac. 
3.  21.  Rom.  8. 
20,  &c.  2  Pet.  3. 
7,  10-12.  Re.  20. 
11.&21.  1. 


p  ch.  13.  15. 


q  ch.  13.  22. 


r  ch.    10.    6,    14. 

&  13.  27.  &  3). 

4.  &  34.  21.  Ps. 

56.  8.  &  139.  1-3. 

Pr.  5.  21.  &    15. 

3.   Je.  ]0.  17.  & 

32.  19.  Ho.  7.  2. 

He.  4.  13. 
s  See  De.  32.  34. 
X  Heh.  fadeth. 


Heb.  ovcrfio 


"^  "  For  there  is  hope  of  a  tree,  if  it  be  cut  down, 

That  it  will  sprout  again, 

And  that  the  tender  branch  thereof  will  not  cease. 
^  Though  the  root  thereof  wax  old  in  the  earth, 

And  the  stock  thereof  die  in  the  ground ; 
9  Yet  through  the  scent  of  water  it  will  bud, 

And  bring  forth  boughs  like  a  plant. 
1"  But  man  dieth,  and  twasteth  away ; 

Yea,  "man  giveth  up  the  ghost — and  where  is  he  ? 
^^  "As  the  waters  fail  from  the   sea, 

And  the  flood  decayeth  and  drieth  up : 
^~  So  man  lieth  down,  and  riseth  not : 

Till  "the  heavens  be  no  more,  they  shall  not  awake, 

Nor  be  raised  out  of  their  sleep. 

13  "  O  that  Thou  wouldest  hide  me  in  the  grave. 

That  Thou  wouldest  keep  me  secret,  until  thy  wrath  be  past, 

That  Thou  wouldest  appoint  me  a  set  time  and  remember  me  ! 
1"*  If  a  man  die,  shall  he  live  again  ? 

All  the  days  of  my  appointed  time  ^will  I  wait. 

Till  my  change  come. 

1^  "  Thou  'shalt  call,  and  I  will  answer  Thee : 

Thou  wilt  have  a  desire  to  the  work  of  thy  hands. 
1^  For  ''now  Thou  numberest  my  steps  : 

Dost  Thou  not  watch  over  my  sin  ? 
^"^  My  ^transgression  is  sealed  up  in  a  bag. 

And  Thou  sewest  up  mine  iniquity. 

1^  "  And  surely  the  mountain  falling  tcometh  to  nought, 

And  the  rock  is  removed  out  of  his  place. 
1^  The  waters  wear  the  stones  : 

Thou  *washest  away  the  things 

Which  grow  out  of  the  dust  of  the  earth  ; 

And  Thou  destroyest  the  hope  of  man. 
^^  Thou  prevailest  for  ever  against  him — and  he  passeth : 

Thou  changest  his  countenance — and  sendest  him  away. 
^1  His  sons  come  to  honor — and  'he  knoweth  it  not ; 

And  they  are  brought  low — but  he  perceiveth  it  not  of  them. 
^^  But  his  flesh  upon  him  shall  have  pain. 

And  his  soul  within  him  shall  mourn." 


*  Heb.  knowledge 
of  wind. 


t  Heb.  thou,  mak- 
cst  void. 
J  Or,  speech. 
*  Heb.  teachelh. 


b  Ps.  90.  2.  Prov 

8.  25. 
c  Rom.  11.  34. 

I  Cor.  2.  11. 


Section  XI. —  The  Second  Controversy  between  Job  and  his  Friends. 

Job  XV. 

Eliphaz  reprovetk  Job  of  impietij  in  justifijing  himself.     17  He  proveth  by  tradition  the  unquietness 
of  wicked  men. 

1  Then  answered  Eliphaz  the  Temanite,  and  said : — 
^  "  Should  a  wise  man  utter  *vain   knowledge. 

And  fill  his  belly  with  the  east  wind  ? 
3  Should  he  reason  with  unprofitable  talk? 

Or  with  speeches  wherewith  he  can  do  no  good  ? 
"*  Yea,  tthou  castest  off"  fear, 

And  restrainest  t prayer  before  God. 
^  For  thy  mouth  *uttereth  thine  iniquity, 

And  thou  clioosest  the  tongue  of  the  crafty. 
^  Thine  "own  mouth  condemneth  thee,  and  not  I : 

Yea,  thine  own  lips  testify  against  thee. 
"^  "  Art  thou  the  first  man  that  was  born  ? 

Or  Hvast  thou  made  before  the  hills  ? 
^  Hast  'thou  heard  the  secret  of  God  ? 
I.  7  E 


50  ELIPHAZ   ACCUSETH   JOB    OF  IMPIETY.         [Period  IJ. 

And  dost  thou  restrain  wisdom  to  thyself? 
dch.  13.2.  9  What  "knowest  thou,  that  we  know  not? 

What  understandest  tliou,  which  is  not  in  us? 
ech.33. 6,7.       10  ^^\^\y  'us  are  both  the  grayheaded  and  very  aged  men, 
Much  elder  than  thy  father, 
^^  Are  the  consolations  of  God  small  with  thee  ? 
Is  there  any  secret  thing  with  thee  ? 

12  u  Why  (JQtij  ti^y  lieart  carry  thee  away  ? 
And  what  do  thy  eyes  wink  at, 
^^  That  thou  turnest  thy  spirit  against  God, 
And  lettest  such  words  go  out  of  thy  mouth  ? 
/iKi.  8.46.2C1..  14  What  ^is  man,  that  he  should  be  clean? 

p's.  14. 3. 'pr.'2o!       And  he  which  is  born  of  a  woman,  that  he  should  be  righteous? 
1: 2^''7jo.^.^8;  ^^  Behold  !   'He  putteth  no  trust  in  his  saints  ; 
10.  See  Ge.  8. 21.       yea,  the  hcaveus  are  not  clean  in  his  sight. 
^   ee  ci.   .    .    jg  jJq^y  ''much  moic  abominable  and  filthy  is   man, 
Vi''3'*&,53.3^''       Which  ^driiiketh  iniquity  like  water? 
t  ch.  34.  7.  Prov.  ^''  "  I  wiU  show  thec — hear  me  ; 

^^-  ^'  And  that  which  I  have  seen  1  will  declare  ; 

j  geech.  8. 8.      18  Which  wisc  men  have  told  ■'Trom  their  fathers. 
And  have  not  hid  it : 
1^  Unto  whom  alone  the  earth  was  given, 
A:  Joel  3. 17.  And  ''no  stranger  passed  among  them. 

I  Ro.  8. 22, 23.     ^°  The  'wicked  man  travaileth  with  pain  all  his  days, 
Ps.  90. 12.  ^j^^j  ^j^g  number  of  years  is  hidden  to  the  oppressor, 

t  Heb../3  sound    21  \  jt^  drcadful  sound  is  in  his  ears  : 
m  i^Thess.  5.  3.       In  '"prosperity  the  destroyer  shall  come  upon  him. 

-^  He  believeth  not  that  he  shall  return  out  of  darkness. 
And  he  is  waited  for  of  the  sword. 
1  Ps-  59.  15.  &  23  jjg  "vvandereth  abroad  for  bread,  saying,  '  Where  is  it?  ' 
o  ch.  18. 12.  He  knoweth  that  "the  day  of  darkness  is  ready  at  his  hand. 

2^  Trouble  and  anguish  shall  make  him  afraid  ; 

They  shall  prevail  against  him,  as  a  king  ready  to  the  battle. 
-^  For  he  stretcheth  out  his  hand  against  God, 

And  strengtheiieth  himself  against  the  Almighty. 
^^  He  runneth  ujjon  him,  even  on  his  neck. 
Upon  the  thick  bosses  of  his  bucklers  : 
p  SCO  Ps.  17. 10.  27  Because  ^'he  covereth  his  face  with  his  fatness, 
And  maketh  coUops  of  fat  on  his  flanks. 
^^  And  he  dwelleth  in  desolate  cities, 

And  in  houses  which  no  man  inhabiteth, 
Which  are  ready  to  become  heaps. 
29  He  shall  not  be  rich, 

Neither  shall  his  substance  continue, 

Neither  shall  he  prolong  the  perfection  thereof  upon  the  earth. 
^"  He  shall  not  depart  out  of  darkness  ; 
The  flame  sliall  dry  up  his  branches, 
5  f«e«  rh.  4. 9.  Aud  'by  the  breath  of  his  mouth  shall  he  go  away. 

r  18.59.  4.  31  "  Let  not  him  tiiat  is  deceived  ''trust  in  vanity  : 

For  vanity  shall  be  his  recompence. 
X  Or,  cut  of  See  32  j^  fi\ya\\  bc  taccomplislied  before  his  time, 
And  his  branch  shall  not  be  green. 
3^  He  shall  shake  off"  his  unripe  grape  as  the  vine, 

And  shall  cast  off"  his  flower  as  the  olive. 
^■^  For  the  congregation  of  hypocrites  shall  be  desolate, 
sPs.7.14.  is.33.       And  fire  shall  consume  the  tabernacles  of  bribery. 

i.'i5.'' ^^  Tliey  "conceive  mischief,  and  bring  forth  ^vanity, 

*  Or,  iniquity.  And  their  belly  prepareth  deceit." 


Part  II.] 


JOB'S  REPLY  TO  ELIPHAZ. 
Section  XII. — Job  declares  his  Innocence. 


51 


X  Heb.  goethfrc 


b  ch 

.  10. 

16,  17. 

e  ch, 

.13. 

24. 

dPs. 
ch. 

.22. 
12. 

13.  See 
4. 

e  Lam.  3.  30. 
JIic.5.  I.Mat. 5. 
39.  &  27.  30. 

/Ps. 

35. 

15. 

*  Heb. 
up.  ch. 
2.6. 

shut    vie 
1.  12.  & 

g  See  ch.  7.  20. 

A  ch.  30.  19. 
7.5. 


t  ch.  27.  9. 

66. 18,  19. 

j  Rom.  1.  9. 

t  Heb. 


the  high 
pljices. 

X  Heb.  are  my 
seomers. 

k  Se-  ch.  9.  32. 

&.  31.  35. 
*  Ot,  friend. 
X  Heb.    years    of 

number. 
I  Ec.  12.  5. 
X  Or,  spirit  is 

sptnt. 


Job  xvi.  and  xvii. 
Job  reproveth  his  friends  ofumnercifulness.     1  He  showeth  the  pitifulness  of  his  case.     17  Hemain- 
taineth  his  inrwcency.  — Chap.  .xvii.  1  He  appealeth  from  laen  to  God.    6  The  unmerciful  dealing 
of  men  with  the  afflicted  maij  astonish,  but  not  discourage  the  riglUeous.     11  His  hope  is  iwt  m 
life,  but  in  death. 

^  Then  Job  answered  and  said : — 

2  "  I  have  heard  many  such  things  : 
*  Miserable  comforters  are  ye  all ! 

3  Shall  fvain  words  have  an  end  ? 

Or  what  emboldeneth  thee  that  thou  answerest  ? 
"^  I  also  could  speak  as  ye  do : 

If  your  soul  were  in  my  soul's  stead, 

I  could  heap  up  words  against  you, 

And  "shake  my  head  at  you. 
2  But  I  would  strengthen  you  with  my  mouth, 

And  the  moving  of  my  lips  should  assuage  your  grief. 
6  "  Though  I  speak — my  grief  is  not  assuaged  : 

And  though  I  forbear — what  tam  I  eased  ? 
''  But  now  He  hath  made  me  weary : 

Thou  hast  made  desolate  all  my  company. 
^  And  Thou  hast  filled  me  with  wrinkles, 

Which  is  a  witness  against  me  : 

And  my  leanness  rising  up  in  me  beareth  witness  to  my  face. 
9  He  Heareth  me  in  his  wrath,  who  hateth  me: 

He  gnasheth  upon  me  with  his  teeth  ; 

Mine  'enemy  sharpeneth  his  eyes  upon  me. 
1"  They  have  "^gaped  upon  me  with  their  mouth  ; 

They  'have  smitten  me  upon  the  cheek  reproachfully  ; 

They  have  ^gathered  themselves  together  against  me. 
11  "  God  hath  *delivered  me  to  the  ungodly, 

And  turned  me  over  into  the  hands  of  the  wicked. 

12  I  was  at  ease — but  he  hath  broken  me  asunder : 
He  hath  also  taken  me  by  my  neck,  and  shaken  me  to  pieces, 
And  ^set  me  up  for  his  mark. 

13  His  archers  compass  me  round  about. 

He  cleaveth  my  reins  asunder,  and  doth  not  spare ; 

He  poureth  out  my  gall  upon  the  ground. 
i"!  He  breaketh  me  with  breach  upon  breach, 

He  runneth  upon  me  like  a  giant. 
1^  I  have  sewed  sackcloth  upon  my  skin. 

And  '' defiled  my  horn  in  the  dust. 
1^  My  face  is  foul  with  weeping. 

And  on  my  eyelids  is  the  shadow  of  death  ; 
1^  Not  for  any  injustice  in  my  hands : 

Also  my  prayer  is  pure. 

IS  "  O  earth  !  cover  not  thou  my  blood, 

And  'let  my  cry  have  no  place ! 
1^  Also  now  behold  !  ^my  witness  is  in  heaven, 

And  my  record  is  ton  high. 
2*^  My  friends  tscorn  me  : 

But  mine  eye  poureth  out  tears  unto  God. 

21  O  'that  one  might  plead  for  a  man  with  God, 
As  a  man  pleadeih  for  his  *neighbour, 

22  When  fa  few  years  are  come. 
Then  I  shall  'go  the  way  whence  I  shall  not  return. 

1  My  tbreath  is  corrupt, 
My  days  are  extinct, 


Job  xvii. 


52  BfLDAD   REPLIES   TO   JOB.  [Period  II- 

m  Ps.  88. 3, 4.  The  "graves  are  ready  for  me. 

^  '*  Are  there  not  mocker.s  with  me  ? 
*jHeb.iod^e.  And  doth  not  mine  eye  *continue  in  their  provocation? 

^  Lay  down  now,  put  me  in  a  surety  with  thee  ; 
n  See  Pr.  6.  1.  Wlio  is  he  that  "will  strike  hands  with  me  ? 

^  For  thou  hast  hid  their  heart  from  understanding : 

Therefore  siialt  thou  not  exalt  them. 
^  He  that  speaketh  flattery  to  his  friends, 
Even  the  eyes  of  his  children  shall  fail. 
0  Seech. 30. 9.  6  u  jjg  j^j^^j-j  p^ade  me  also  "a  byword  of  the  people  ; 

t  Or,  btfare  them.       ^.nd  taforctime  I  was  as  a  tabret. 
p  See  Ps.  6.7.       7  Mine  ''eye  also  is  dim  by  reason  of  sorrow, 
XOt,my thoughts.       And  all  tmy  members  are  as  a  shadow. 
^  Upright  men  shall  be  astonied  at  this, 

And  the  innocent  shall  stir  up  himself  against  the  hypocrite. 
^  The  righteous  also  shall  hold  on  his  way, 

*  Heb.  skau  add      And  he  that  hath  clean  hands  *  shall  be  stronger  and  stronger. 
4,T        ^'    ■  ^^  But  as  for  you  all — do  'ye  return,  and  come  now  : 

q  ch.  6. 29.  por  I  cannot  find  one  wise  man  among  you. 

r  See  ch.  7.  6.  11  u  ^y  "days  are  past. 

My  purposes  are  broken  off, 
^^l'^''^'""'"       Even  tthe  thoughts  of  my  heart. 
^^  They  change  the  night  into  day  : 
t  Heb. near.  rpj^^  jj^j^^  -g  igj^^^.^  ^ecause  of  darkncss. 

^^  If  I  wait — the  grave  is  my  house  : 

I  have  made  my  bed  in  the  darkness. 
*c^:  "^'^'  ""'  "  I  have  *said  to  corruption,  •  Thou  art  my  father ; ' 

To  the  worm,  '  Thou  art  my  mother,  and  my  sister.' 
1^  And  where  is  now  my  hope  ? 

As  for  my  hope — who  sfiall  see  it  ? 
^^  They  shall  go  down  to  the  bars  of  the  pit, 

*  ch.  3. 17-19.  When  our  'rest  together  is  in  the  dust." 

Section  XIII. — Bildad  replies  to  Job. 

Job  xviii. 
Bildad  reprovcth  Job  of  presumption  and  impatience.     5  The  calamities  oftlie  wicked. 

^  Then  answered  Bildad  the  Shuhite,  and  said  : — 
SECT.  xiii.      ^  "  How  long  will  it  he  ere  ye  make  an  end  of  words  ? 
—  Mark  !  and  afterwards  we  will  speak. 

aPs.  73.K.  3  Wherefore  are  we  counted  "as  beasts. 

And  reputed  vile  in  your  sight  ? 

*  K^''-i  '^A   ""^'    '^  He  teareth  *himself  in  his  anger — 

ch.  13.  14.  ^ 

Shall  the  earth  be  forsaken  for  thee  ? 
And  shall  the  rock  be  removed  out  of  his  place  ? 
^  Yea,  Hhe  light  of  the  wicked  shall  be  put  out. 
And  the  spark  of  his  tire  shall  not  shine. 

6  "  The  light  shall  be  dark  in  his  tabernacle. 
And  his  tcandle  shall  be  put  out  with  him. 
"^  The  steps  of  his  strength  shall  be  straitened, 
And  ^his  own  counsel  shall  cast  him  down. 
Vt'-'g^is!"'  ^^^    ^  ^^^  ^'^^  ^^  ^^^^  '"to  a  net  by  his  own  feet, 
And  he  walketli  upon  a  snare. 
^  The  gin  shall  take  him  by  the  heel, 
And  'the  robber  shall  prevail  against  him. 
i  T^:-''!ffZ\»   ^°  The  snare  is  tlaid  for  him  in  the  ground, 

/ch.  10.21.&  18.  *       1        ^  /■        1  •         •         1 

11.&20.2.5.  jer.       And  a  trap  for  Inm  in  the  way. 
%%^'^'^'^''^  ^'  Terrors  -^shall  make  him  afraid  on  every  side, 
*ueh.  scalier  Mm.       And  shall  *drive  iiim  to  his  feet. 


c  See  ch.  5.  13. 


e  ch.  5.  5. 


Part  II.] 


JOB'S  COMPLAINT  OF  HIS  FRIENDS'  CRUELTY. 


53 


g  ch.  15.  23. 
t  lleb.  bars. 


h  See  ch.  8.  14. 


t  See  Ge.  19.  24, 

25. 
j  Is.  5. 24.  Ho.  9. 

16.  Am.  2.  9. 

Mai.  4.  1. 
ft  Ps.  34.  16.  &  37. 

28.  &  104.  35.  & 

109. 13.  Pr.  2. 22. 

&  10.  7. 


*  Or,    lived    with 

him. 
f  Heb.  laid  holdon 

horror, 
m  Jer.   10.  25. 

Mat.  10.  12. 

2Thes.  1.  8  Tit. 

1.  16. 


a  Ge.  31.  7. 

*  Ot,hardenijour- 
selves  against  me, 
Or,have  laughed 
me  to  scorn. — 
Ed. 

JP8.35.26.&38. 
16. 


t  Or,  violence. 
cch.  3.  23.    Ps 
d  Ps.  89.  39,  44. 


!  See  ch.  13.  24. 


/ch.  30.  12. 


ffPs.31.11.&38. 

11.  &  69. 8.  &  88. 
8,  18.  &  142.  4. 


12  His  strength  shall  be  hungerbitten, 

And  ^destruction  shall  be  ready  at  his  side. 

13  It  shall  devour  the  tstrength  of  his  skin  : 

Even  the  Firstborn  of  Death  shall  devour  his  strength. 
i"!  His  ''confidence  shall  be  rooted  out  of  his  tabernacle, 
And  it  shall  bring  him  to  the  King  of  Terrors. 

15  It  shall  dwell  in  his  tabernacle,  because  it  is  none  of  his : 
'Brimstone  shall  be  scattered  upon  his  habitation. 

16  His  ^roots  shall  be  dried  up  beneath. 
And  above  shall  his  branch  be  cut  off. 

i''  His  ^remembrance  shall  perish  from  the  earth, 

And  he  shall  have  no  name  in  the  street. 
1^  tHe  shall  be  driven  from  light  into  darkness, 

And  chased  out  of  the  world. 
13  He  'shall  neither  have  son  nor  nephew  among  his  people, 

Nor  any  remaining  in  his  dwelhngs, 

20  They  that  come  after  him  shall  be  astonied  at  his  day, 
As  they  that  *went  before  twere  affrighted. 

21  Surely  such  are  the  '"dwellings  of  the  wicked, 

And  this  is  the  place  of  him  that  knoweth  not  God." 

Section  XIV. — Job  complains  of  the  Cruelty  of  his  Friends. 
Job    xix. 

Job,  complaimng  of  his  friends' cruelty,  showeth  there  is  misery  e?i07igh  in  him  to  feed  their  cruelty. 
21,  28  He  craveth  pity.    25  He  believeth  the  resurrection. 

1  Then  Job  answered  and  said : — 

2  "  How  long  will  ye  vex  my  soul. 
And  break  me  in  pieces  with  words  ? 

3  These  "ten  times  have  ye  reproached  me : 

Ye  are  not  ashamed  that  ye  *make  yourselves  strange  to  me. 
"*  And  be  it  indeed  that  I  have  erred. 
Mine  error  remaineth  with  myself. 

5  If  indeed  ye  will  ''magnify  yourselves  against  me, 
And  plead  against  me  my  reproach  : 

6  Know  now  that  God  hath  overthrown  me, 
And  hath  compassed  me  with  his  net. 

''  Behold,  I  cry  out  of  t wrong — but  I  am  not  heard : 

I  cry  aloud — but  there  is  no  judgment. 
s  He  'hath  fenced  up  my  way  that  I  cannot  pass, 

And  he  hath  set  darkness  in  my  paths. 
9  He  ''hath  stripped  me  of  my  glory, 

And  taken  the  crown  from  my  head. 

10  He  hath  destroyed  me  on  every  side — and  I  am  gone : 
And  my  hope  hath  he  removed  like  a  tree. 

11  He  hath  also  kindled  his  wrath  against  me, 

And  'he  counteth  me  unto  him  as  one  of  his  enemies. 

12  His  troops  come  together, 

And  -^raise  up  their  way  against  me. 
And  encamp  round  about  my  tabernacle. 

13  He  'hath  put  my  brethren  far  from  me. 

And  mine  acquaintance  are  verily  estranged  from  me. 
I'l  My  kinsfolk  have  failed, 

And  my  familiar  friends  have  forgotten  me. 
15  They  that  dwell  in  my  house. 

And  my  maids,  count  me  for  a  stranger : 

I  am  an  alien  in  their  sight. 
^^  I  called  my  servant — and  he  gave  me  no  answer ; 

I  entreated  him  with  mv  mouth. 


54  ZOPHAR    REPLIES   TO  JOB.  [Period  II. 

tHeb.  my  belly.    17  ^jy  breath  is  stiaiige  to  my  wife, 

*2°KiIgs  r4'.'''        Though  I  entreated  for  the  children's  sake  of  imine  own  body. 

f  Heh.  the  men  of  18  Yea,  ^voung  children  despised  me; 

my   secret.     See  5      J  o  i        . 

Ps.  41.9.  Mat.         I  arose — and  they  spake  agamst  me. 
hch.si  30.   Ps.  ^^  -^1'  ^'^y  in\vard  friends  abhorred  me  : 

10-2. 5.  ■  La!  4. 8.       And  they  whom  I  loved  are  turned  against  me, 
Jch^'Tii.    Ps.  ^^  ^'^y  ''t>o"6  cleaveth  to  my  skin  land  to  my  flesh, 

y«-2.'     ■  And  I  am  escaped  with  the  skin  of  my  teeth. 

ine\u%vl~iia  ^^  Have  pity  upon  me,  have  pity  upon  me,  O  ye  my  friends'. 

«r,«c,>c.  For  'the  hand  of  God  hath  touched  me. 

".^r'e°'de"S  ""  Why  do  yo  ^persecute  me  as  God, 

ill  a  book  with  an       And  are  not  satisfied  with  my  flesh? 

iron     style     and  •' 


lead !  were  grav-  23  a  *Q}^  ^j^j^^  j^^y  words  wore  now  Written  ! 


^k  for 


-Kd. 


=*0h  that  they  were  printed  in  a  book  ! 


sure  that  my  Re- 

.lecnier    liveth.       And  lead  iu  the  rock  for  ever  ! 
ri"e  mu  of'^the  25  bpQj-  J  ^now  that  my  "^Redeemer  liveth, 
tor  day"  bI'^'"       "^Aud  that  He  shall  stand  at  the  latter  day  upon  the  e 
'"a?'"  Alen-eT-  ^^  t^ud  though  after  my  skin  worms  destroy  this  body, 
^''*-        "  Yet  ''in  my  flesh  shall  I  see  God : 

d  Or,  And  he  shall    n-r   -itti  t      i      ii  r  iC 

st.mitiieiast  on  ^^  Whom  I  shall  SCO  for  my  sell, 

AndTthel^'i       And  mine  eyes  shall  behold,  and  not  tanother ; 

day  I  shall  rise       *Thouo-h  mv  Tcius  bc  cousumod  twithin  me. 

out  01  the  earth.  »  J  txti  i  • 

Do.  28  u  gyt  yg  should  say,  '  Why  ''persecute  we  him, 

^,Z\kf"'tio^l       t Seeing  the  root  of  the  matter  is  found  in  me? ' 

tML-  ho,iy  be  de-  29  jjg  yg  afraid  of  the  sword : 

%-"mift^hsViii      For  wrath  bringeth  the  punishments  of  the  sword, 
tTs.n.''l5.ico.       That  'ye  may  know  there  is  a  judgment." 

13.12.1  Jo.  3.  2! 

XHeb.  a  stranger.  SECTION    XV. Zophur  repUcS  tO  Joh. 

*  Or,    My     reins  ■• 

Kithinmearecon-  ■'^^    ^^• 

snmed  with  earn-  ZopJiar  sJioweth  the  stale  and  portion  of  the  wicked. 


desire     [for 


ti'-it day]-  1  Then  answered  Zophar  the  Naamathite,  and  said: — 

t  Hei,.  in  my  bo-    ^  ^^  Therefore  do  my  thoughts  cause  me  to  answer, 
X(:u,Andwhat  And  for  this  *I  make  haste. 

fmLdinmX  "    3  I  havc  heard  the  check  of  my  reproach, 
I  Ps.  58. 10, 11.         ^i^jj  ji^e  spirit  of  my  understanding  causeth  me  to  answer. 
^  ''  Knowest  thou  not  this  of  old, 

Since  man  was  placed  upon  earth, 
&JECT.  XV.       ^  That  "the  triumphing  of  the  wicked  is  fshort, 
—  And  the  joy  of  the  hypocrite  but  for  a  moment  ? 

*  iieb.  7111/ to(e  is    6  Though  Miis  cxcellcncy  mount  up  to  the  heavens, 
a'ii's".'37.35,36.         And  liis  head  reach  unto  the  tclouds ; 
t  ueb. /romnepr.    7  Yet  lic  sliall  pcrlsh  for  cvcr  'like  his  own  dung: 
*obadkh  3?'4.^'*"       They  which  have  seen  him  shall  say,  '  Where  is  he  ? ' 
t  "eb. <=^''«''-         8  ijg  siij^ii  fly  away  ''as  a  dream,  and  shall  not  be  found  : 

Yea,  he  shall  be  chased  away  as  a  vision  of  the  night. 

The  'eye  also  which  saw^  him  shall  see  him  no  more ; 

Neither  shall  his  place  any  more  behold  him. 
*or.   The  poor  1°  *His  children  shall  seek  to  please  the  poor, 
ai/Lr"'* '"'       And  his  hands  shall  restore  their  goods. 
/Pee  Ps'.  2.5.  7.    n  His  boncs  are  full  of  ^the  sin  of  his  youth, 
^ch.2i.2G.  Which  "shall  lie  down  with  him  in  the  dust. 

12  Though  wickedness  be  sweet  in  his  mouth, 
Though  he  hide  it  under  his  tongue  ; 

13  Though  he  spare  it,  and  forsake  it  not  ; 
^ oft'JpJ/au"''^^      But  keep  it  still  nvithin  his  mouth: 


.  83.  10- 

d  See  Ps.  73.  20, 

e  See  ch.  7.  8,  10. 


i  Ec.  5.  13,  U 
J  Heb.  know. 


i  Nu.  11.  33. 
78.  30,  31. 


Part  II.]  REPLY  OF  JOB  TO  ZOPHAR.  55 

1^  Yet  his  meat  in  his  bowels  is  turned, 

It  is  the  gall  of  asps  within  him. 
1^  He  hath  swallowed  down  riches, 

And  he  shall  vomit  them  up  again  : 

God  shall  cast  them  out  of  his  belly. 
^^  "  He  shall  suck  the  poison  of  asps  : 

The  viper's  tongue  shall  slay  him. 

''or  ^^'streamin      ^^  ^®   '^'^^'^   "^^  ^^®  ^^^   rivCrS,   tthc  floods, 

brooks f^  "  The  brooks  of  honey  and  butter. 

18  That  which  he  labored  for  shall  he  restore, 
And  shall  not  swallow  it  down : 
*  neh.  According       *Accordinff  to  his  substance  shall  the  restitution  be, 

to  the  substance  ,      n  •     •  i 

cf  his  ezciuinge.       And  hc  shall  not  rejoice  therein. 
^Hoh.  crushed.     ^^  Bccausc  hc  hath  foppressed  and  hath  forsaken  the  poor  ; 

Because  he  hath  violently  taken  away  a  house  which  he  builded  not ; 
Surely  'he  shall  not  tfeel  quietness  in  his  belly. 
He  shall  not  save  of  that  which  he  desired. 
*bTnoIe%-tM  ^^  *There  shall  none  of  his  meat  be  left ; 
his  meat  Therefore  shall  no  man  look  for  his  goods. 

22  In  the  fulness  of  his  sufficiency  he  shall  be  in  straits : 
iOr,troubieso7ne.       Evcry  hand  of  the  fwicked  shall  come  upon  him. 
23  u  When  he  is  about  to  fill  his  belly, 
God  shall  cast  the  fury  of  his  wrath  upon  him. 
And  shall  rain  it  upon  him  ^while  he  is  eating. 

24  He  shall  flee  from  the  iron  weapon. 

And  the  bow  of  steel  shall  strike  him  through. 

25  It  is  drawn,  and  cometh  out  of  the  body  ; 

Yea,  the  glittering  sword  cometh  out  of  his  gall ; 
fc  See  ch.  18. 11.        Tcrroi's  *are  upon  him. 

26  All  darkness  shall  be  hid  in  his  secret  places : 
'i3'"4o'&42'""         ^  'fi''^  not  blown  shall  consume  him; 

It  shall  go  ill  with  him  that  is  left  in  his  tabernacle. 
2"^  The  heaven  shall  reveal  his  iniquity  ; 
And  the  earth  shall  rise  up  against  him. 

28  The  increase  of  his  house  shall  depart. 
And  his  goods  shall  flow  away  in  the  day  of  his  wrath. 

29  This  '"is  the  portion  of  a  wicked  man  from  God, 
I  Heb.  of  his  de-       And  the  heritage  lappointed  unto  him  by  God." 

creefrom  Ood. 

Section  XYl.— Reply  of  Job  to  Zophar. 
Job  xxi. 

Job  showeth  that  even  in  the  judgment  of  man  he  hath  reason  to  he  griemd.    7  Sometirt^s  the  wicked 

do  so  prosper,  as  they  despise  God.     16  Sovietimes  ilieir  destruction  is  ma.mfest.     22  The  Imppy 
ami  unhappy  are  alike  in  death.     27  Tlie  judgment  of  the  wicked  is  m  another  world. 

1  But  Job  answered  and  said  : — 
2  "  Hear  diligently  my  speech, 
SECT.  XVI.         And  let  this  be  your  consolations. 
—  ^  Suffer  me  that  I  may  speak  ; 

a. Seech.  16. 10.        And  after  that  I  have  spoken,  "mock  on. 

'^  As  for  me,  is  my  complaint  to  man  ? 
*Heb.  sh.,He,ied.       And  if  it  wcTc  SO,  whv  should  not  my  spirit  be  *troubled  ? 
^n.h.  Look  unto    5  tMark  me,  and  be  astonished, 
ftja.  18.  19.  ch.       And  'lay  your  hand  upon  your  mouth. 
In 30. 33. Ps! 39'.  ^  "Even  when  I  remember  I  am  afraid, 

9.Mic.7.ifi.  ^^^1  trembling  taketh  hold  on  my  flesh. 

■^  Wherefore  Mo  the  wicked  live. 

Become  old,  yea,  are  mighty  in  power? 
8  Their  seed  isestablislied^in  their  sight  with  them, 


mch.27. 13.&3]. 
■2,  3.  Mat.  13. 
40-42. 


cSee    ch.   10.   G. 
Ps.  17.  10,  14. 


*  Or,  mirth. 
36.  11. 

ch. 

/ch.  2>.  17. 

'£%'■'■ 

ch. 

h  ch.  35.  3. 
3.  14. 

Mai. 

i  ch.  22.  18 
].l.     Pr. 

Ps. 

1.  10. 

t  Or,  lamp,  see  ch. 
IS.  6. 

56  REPLY  OF  JOB  TO  ZOPHAR.  [Period  II. 

And  their  offspring  before  their  eyes. 
^fltfZ  """'    ^  Their  houses  tare  safe   from  fear, 
d Vs. 73. 5.  Neither  "^is  the  rod  of  God  upon  them. 

^^  Their  bull  gendereth,  and  failcth  not ; 
eExod.  23.26.  Their  cow  calveth,  and  'casteth  not  her  calf. 

^^  They  send  forth  their  little  ones  like  a  flock, 

And  their  children  dance. 
^2  They  take  the  timbrel  and  harp. 

And  rejoice  at  the  sound  of  the  organ. 
^^  They  spend  their  days  in  *  wealth, 

And  in  a  moment  go  down  to  the  grave. 
^^  Therefore  -^they  say  unto  God,  '  Depart  from  us ! 

For  we  desire  not  the  knowledge  of  thy  ways. 
^^  What  ^is  the  Almighty,  that  we  should  serve  him  ? 

And  ''what  profit  should  we  have,  if  we  pray  unto  him  ? ' 

^^  "  Lo  !  their  good  is  not  in  their  hand  : 
The  'counsel  of  the  wicked  is  far  from  me. 
^'  How  oft  is  the  tcandle  of  the  wicked  put  out ! 
And  how  oft  cometh  their  destruction  upon  them  ! 
God  distributeth  sorrows  in  his  anger. 
''tk^ha.' ^.fs.  ^^  They  *are  as  stubble  before  the  wind, 
17.^13.  &  29.  5;       And  as  chaff  that  the  storm  Icarrieth  away. 
jHeb  6te<^eth     ^^  Crod  laycth  up  *his  iniquity  for  his  children  : 
""'"'J-  He  rewardeth  him,  and  he  shall  know  it. 

ishmeiu'  of^%  ^^  His  eyes  shall  see  his  destruction, 

^guUy.  See  Ex.  J^^^   ^^^  gj^^jj  ^^j,^j^   ^f  ^j^^  ^^.^^^j^  ^f   ^j^^  Almighty. 

/  Ps.  73.  10.  &    ^^  For  what  pleasure  hath  he  in  his  house  after  him, 

51'  17    Jer  25"       When  the  number  of  his  months  is  cut  off  in  the  midst  ? 

'^■i^^t^:'^-'''-  ^^  Shall  "any  teach  God  knowledge? 
mis. 40. 13.  Ro.       Sccing  hc  judgeth  those  that  are  high. 

ifi.^^'  ^^°'  ^'  ^^  ^"6  dieth  tin  his  full  strength, 
t  ueb.  in  Ms  very      Being  whoUy  at  ease  and  quiet. 

^lif'tZl^'lf  ^'  His  tbreasts  are  full  of  milk, 

hu perfection.  ^.ud  liis  boucs  arc  moistened  with  marrow. 

t  Or,  miucpaiu.    25  And  auothcr  dieth  in  the  bitterness  of  his  soul, 
And  never  eateth  with  pleasure. 

n^clK20.11.    Ec.   26  ^j^g^  gj^j^jj   .-jj^  ^^^^^^  ^j||.g   -^^    ^j^^  j^g^^ 

And  the  worms  shall  cover  them. 
~"  "  Behold  !  I  know  your  thoughts, 

And  the  devices  which  ye  wrongfully  imagine  against  me. 
0  ch.  20. 7.          28  Pqj  yg  gg^y^  i  \yhere  "is  the  house  of  the  prince  ?  ' 
*  Heh.  the  tent  of       And  '  Whcrc  are  *the  dwellino;-places  of  the  wicked?' 

Vie  tahemaclca of   „o  tt  1       i      1  111  ^ 

tiie  Kicked.         ''■'  Have  ye  not  asked  them  that  go  by  the  way  ? 

And  do  ye  not  know  their  tokens, 
^'"'■•'pet«°9^'  ^°  "^^^^^  ^^^^^  wicked  is  reserved  to  the  day  of  destruction? 
e  They  shall  be  brought  forth  to  tthe  day  of  w^ath. 

^^  W^ho  shall  declare  his  way  'to  his  face  ? 
^  "^  ■ "    ■  And  who  shall  repay  him  what  he  hath  done  ? 

i  iicb.  ^avcs.      32  Ygt  ghj^ii  jjg  i^g  brought  to  thc  tgrave, 

*Sa/'"''^  '"      -^n^  s'lal'  *remain  in  the  tomb. 

2^  The  clods  of  the  valley  shall  be  sweet  unto  him, 
rHeb.  9.27.  And  ""cvcry  man  shall  draw  after  him, 

As  there  are  innumerable  before  him. 

^  How  then  comfort  ye  me  in  vain, 
tiieb.  transits-       Seciug  iu  your  answers  there  remaineth  I  falsehood  ?  " 


Part  II.]  THIRD  CONTROVERSY— ELIPIIAZ  ACCUSETH  JOB.  57 

Section  XVII. —  The  Third  Controversy  between  Job  and  his  Friends — be- 

gwi  by  Eliphaz. 

Job  xxii. 

Eliphaz  shmveth  that  man's  goodness  prqfiteth  not  God.     5  He  accuseth  Job  of  divers  sins.     21  He 
cr.^1.     -u-TTTT  exJiortcth  him  to  repentance,  with  promises  of  mercy. 

SJiiL  1 ,    XVII.  .  1  1         •  1 

1  Then  Eliphaz  the  lemanite  answered  and  said  : — 

ach.  35.  7.   Ps.  2  u  Q^^^  ^  "man  be  profitable  unto  God, 

iio.  fi.ai  '    '  *As  he  that  is  wise  may  be  profitable  unto  himself? 

* ^-'aii'" Tth'^  3  jg  it  any  pleasure  to  the  Almighty,  that  thou  art  righteous? 


■profitable,   doth 


depend  thereon 


i  success       Or  is  it  gain  to  him,  that  thou  makest  thy  ways  perfect 


Tiakcd. 

c  See  ch.  31.  17. 
De.  15.  7,  &c. 
Is.  58.  7.  Ez.  18. 
7,  16.  Matt.  25. 
35-42.  1  Jo.  3. 
17. 


^  Will  he  reprove  thee  for  fear  of  thee  ? 

Will  he  enter  with  thee  into  judgment  ? 
^  Is  not  thy  wickedness  great  ? 
And  thine  iniquities  infinite  ? 
6  See  Ex.  22.  26,    6  YoY  thou  hast  'taken  a  pledge  from  thy  brother  for  nought, 
^  lieb.  stripped         And  tstrippcd  the  naked  of  their  clothing. 
the  clothes  of  the    7  xhou  hast  uot  givcu  Water  to  the  weary  to  drink. 
And  thou  "hast  withholden  bread  from  the  hungry. 
But  as  for  tthe  mighty  man,  he  had  the  earth ; 
And  the  *  honorable  man  dwelt  in  it. 
Thou  hast  sent  widows  away  empty, 
t^-t'^emanof      ^^^  ^y^^  ^^.j^g  ^f  djj^g  fathcrlcss  havo  been  broken. 

*  Heb.  eminent,     ^^  Therefore  ^snares  are  round  about  thee, 
TowueHance.  ^"^       And  suddcH  fcar  troubleth  thee  ; 
^^^•^K^\^^V  ^^  Or  darkness,  that  thou  canst  not  see; 

10.  2.    Ez.  33.  7,  ■^ 

erh.  18. 8,9,10.       And  abundance  of  Avaters  cover  thee. 

^  ^9-  •5-  '  '  12  "  Is  not  God  in  the  height  of  heaven  ? 

^nk^l'.\l'.z^^.       And,  behold  tthe  height  of  the  stars,  how  high  they  are! 
^Heh.  the  head  of  13  ^j-,(j  t}^Q,j  saycst,   '  tHovv  doth  God  know? 
X  of,  "mat.  Vs.       Can  he  judge  through  the  dark  cloud  ? 

l'!,'ih\o^i1'f  ^^  Thick  "^ clouds  are  a  covering  to  him,  that  he  seeth  not; 

64. 5.  &  73. 11.  &  .         /.    1  5 

B.41-  }^-z^-J^-       And  he  walketh  in  the  circuit  of  heaven. 
^^  Hast  thou  marked  the  old  way 


Ez.  8. 12.  &  t 
g-SeePs.  139.  11, 
12.  ^^tiir-ti    \\r\nhe>A    mf>n    Vimr^s   trnrlrlfin  r* 


Which  wicked  men  have  trodden 
Ach.^15. 32.   Ps.  16  "W^hich  ''were  cut  down  out  of  time, 
Pr.  10. 27.  Ecr7".       *Whose  fouudation  was  overflown  with  a  flood  : 

17, 
*'Heh..^floodwas 
poured  upon  tl 
foundation.  G 


^  ^'^  Which  'said  unto  God,  '  Depart  from  us  : 
poured  upon  their       Aud ''what  cau  thc  Almighty  do  tfor  them?' 
7''.Ti.  aTe.  2.^5!  ^®  Yet  he  filled  their  houses  with  good  things : 
■Psf  6^^'  ^"^  ^^'^^  counsel  of  the  wicked  is  far  from  me. 

t  Or,  (0  them.       ^^  The  'rightcous  see  it,  and  are  glad : 

And  the  innocent  laugh  them  to  scorn. 
-^  Whereas  our  tsubstance  is  not  cut  down. 
But  *the  remnant  of  them  the  fire  consumeth. 
lency.  21  Acquaint  now  thyself  twith  Him,  and  ""be  at  peace 


k  See  ch.  21.  16. 
ZSeePs.58.10. 
J  Or,  estate. 
*  Or,   their  excel 


t  That  is,  tcWi 

Ood.  ch.  11.  13. 
TO  Is.  27.  5. 
nPs.  119.  11. 

oScech.8.  5,C. 


Thereby  good  shall  come  unto  thee. 
-^  Receive,  I  pray  thee,  the  law  from  his  mouth, 

And  "lay  up  his  words  in  thy  heart. 
^3  If  "thou  return  to  the  Almighty,  thou  shalt  be  built  up, 

Thou  shalt  put  away  iniquity  far  from  thy  tabernacles. 

p2Ch.l.l5.  24  TJ^gj-,  gj^j^lt  J'jhQ^,  ]^y  „p  gQ|(J   las  dust, 

And  the  gold  of  Ophir  as  the  stones  of  the  brooks. 
2^  Yea,  the  Almighty  shall  be  thy  *defence, 
strength.        "       Aud  thou  shalt  havc  f  plenty  of  silver. 
^tif'  ^°'   ^''  ^^  For  then  shalt  thou  have  thy  'delight  in  the  Almighty, 
rch.  11. 15.  And  '"shalt  lift  up  thy  face  unto  God. 

'itu.'JX  ^'''  ^^  Thou  'shalt  make  thy  prayer  unto  Him — and  He  shall  hear  thee, 

VOL.  I.  8 


J  Or,  on  thc  dust. 
*  Or,  gold. 
fHeb.    silver    of 


58  REPLY  OF  JOB  TO  ELIPHAZ.  [Pertod  II. 

And  thou  shalt  pay  thy  vows. 
^®  Thou  shalt  also  decree  a  thing, 

And  it  shall  be  established  unto  thee : 
And  the  light  shall  shine  upon  thy  ways. 
2^  When  men  are  cast  down, 
fSesPr.29.23.         Then  thou  shalt  say,  •  There  is  lifting  up! ' 
^i^LwV^^         And  'He  shall  save  Uhe  humble  person. 

•  Or,   Tiie  inno-  ^^  *He  shall  delivcr  the  island  of  the  innocent; 
TcM-'^Gen.       And  it  is  delivered  by  the  pureness  of  thy  hands." 

18.  26,  &c. 

Section  XYUI.— Reply  of  Job  to  Eliphaz. 

Job  xxiii.  and  xxiv. 
Job  longeth  to  appear  before  God,  6  in  confidence  of  his  mercy.     8  God,  who  is  invisible,  observeth 
our  waijs.     1 1  Job's  innocencij.     13  God's  decree  is  immutable. — Chap.  xxiv.  1  Wickedness  gocth 
SECT.    XVIII.  often  unpunished.     17  Tliere  is  a  secret  judgment  for  the  wicked. 

^  Then  Job  answered  and  said  : — 
2  •'  Even  to-day  is  my  complaint  bitter : 

*  Heh.  M>j  imnd.        *My  strokc  is  heavier  than  my  groaning, 
ocu.  13. 3.  &  16.    3  Oh  "that  I  knew  where  I  might  find  Him  ! 

^*  That  I  might  come  even  to  his  seat ! 

^  I  would  order  my  cause  before  Him, 

And  fill  my  mouth  with  arguments. 
^  I  would  know  the  words  ichich  He  would  answer  me, 
And  understand  what  He  would  say  unto  me. 
b  See  Is.  27. 4, 8.    6  ^\T[\\  ijjg  plead  agaiust  me  with  his  great  power  ? 
No !  but  He  would  put  strength  in  me. 
^  There  the  righteous  might  dispute  with  Him  ; 
So  should  I  be  delivered  for  ever  from  my  Judge, 
cell. 9. 11.  8  Behold!   "I  go  forward — but  He  is  not  there  ; 

And  backward — but  I  cannot  perceive  Him : 
^  On  the  left  hand,  where  He  doth  work — but  I  cannot  behold  Him : 
He  hideth  himself  on  the  right  hand,  that  I  cannot  see  Him : 
iUeh.theicay      1"  g^^  jjg  knowcth  Hhc  way  that  I  take: 
pfi39.Tl""'       When  "He  hath  tried  me,  I  shall  come  forth  as  gold. 
My  'foot  hath  held  his  steps. 
His  way  have  I  kept,  and  not  declined  ; 
1  Heb.  I  imvehid,       Neither  have  I  gone  back  from  the  commandment  of  his  lips  ; 
or, la'idnp.  John       jj  j^avc  estcemcd  the  words  of  his  mouth  more  than  *my  necessary 
*OT,my appointed  ^^  But  Hc  is  iu  One  mind — and  Avho  can  turn  Him?  [food. 

porlioii.  ^j^j  ^yj^j^^  ?l^jg  g^^i  desireth,  even  that  He  doeth. 

/Seech.  9.  12, 
13. 


d  Sec  Ps.  17.  3, 
Ja.  1.  1-2. 
e  Vs.  44.  18. 


A  1  Thess.  3.  3. 


^'^  For  He  performeth  the  thing  that  is  ''appointed  for  me ; 
^see  Ps.  115. 3.        \j^(j  many  such  thing.'i  are  with  Him. 

''  Therefore  am  I  troubled  at  his  presence : 

When  I  consider,  I  am  afraid  of  Him. 
^  For  God  ^makelh  my  heart  soft. 

And  the  Almighty  troubleth  me ; 
"  Because  I  was  not  cut  oft"  before  the  darkness, 

Neither  hath  He  covered  the  darkness  from  my  face. 
^  Why,  seeing  nimes  are  not  hidden  from  the  Almighty,         Job  x.^iv. 
Do  they  that  know  him  not  see  his  days  ? 
_    ^  Some  remove  the  'landmarks ; 
27.'"i7.""^rV22.       They  violently  take  away  flocks,  and  tfeed  thereof. 
Ho.  5.10.'      ■    3  They  drive  away  the  ass  of  the  fatherless, 
10T,fcedtiicm.         They  'take  the  widow's  o.\  for  a  pledge. 
I  See  Ex.  22.26.     **  They  tum  the  needy  out  of  the  way: 
De.  24, 6, 10,12,       The  ""poor  of  the  earth  hide  themselves  together. 
tnPr.28.98.         ^  Bchold  !  as  wilcl  as.ses  in  the  desert,  go  they  forth  to  their  work  ; 
Rising  betimes  for  a  prey : 


jAcU  1.7 
tDe, 


p  Ps.  10.  8. 


q  Pr.  7.  9. 
r  Ps.  10.  11 
I  Heb.  setteth  his 
face 


p^,j,T  II.]  FURTHER   ARGUMENT  OF   BILDAD.  59 

The  wilderness  yieldeth  food  for  them  and  for  their  children. 
X  Heb.  mingled       6  Thev  reap  every  one  his  tcorn  in  the  field  ; 
*rb.V::S       And  nhey  gather  the  vintage  of  the  wicked 
gatjier  the  vin-    7  Thcv  "causc  the  naked  to  lodge  without  clothing, 
nTe'E.x.  22.26,       That  they  have  no  covering  in  the  cold. 
27-  8  They  are  wet  with  the  showers  of  the  mountains, 

And  embrace  the  rock  for  want  of  a  shelter. 
9  They  pluck  the  fatherless  from  the  breast, 
o  See  Ex.  22. 25.       A  lid  take  "a  pledge  of  the  poor. 

1°  They  cause  him  to  go  naked  without  clothing, 
And  they  take  away  the  sheaf  from  the  hungry ; 

11  Which  make  oil  within  their  walls, 

And  tread  their  winepresses,  and  suffer  thirst. 

12  Men  groan  from  out  of  the  city, 

And  the  soul  of  the  wounded  crieth  out ; 
Yet  God  layeth  not  folly  to  them  ! 

13  "  They  are  of  those  that  rebel  against  the  light ; 
They  know  not  the  ways  thereof, 
Nor  abide  in  the  paths  thereof. 

14  The  ^murderer,  rising  with  the  light,  killeth  the  poor  and  needy, 
And  in  the  night  is  as  a  thief. 

15  The  'eye  also  of  the  adulterer  waiteth  for  the  twilight,  "saying, 
'  No  eye  shall  see  me  ; '  and  tdisguiseth  his  face. 

'.cTrct.""  16  j,^  the  dark  they  dig  through  houses. 

Which  they  had  marked  for  themselves  in  the  daytime : 
John  3. 20.  They  'know  not  the  light. 

I''  For  the  morning  is  to  them  even  as  the  shadow  of  death  : 

If  one  know  them,  they  are  in  the  terrors  of  the  shadow  of  death. 
18  He  is  swift  as  the  waters  ; 

Their  portion  is  cursed  in  the  earth  : 
He  beholdeth  not  the  way  of  the  vineyards. 
„  ,    . ,    ,  19  "  Drought  and  heat  tconsume  the  snow  waters  : 

'  Heb.  violently  o  ,.11  •  j 

take.  So  doth  the  grave  those  which  have  sinned. 

20  The  womb  shall  forget  him  ; 
The  worm  shall  feed  sweetly  on  him ; 

1^18^17  ^"       He  'shall  be  no  more  remembered  : 

And  wickedness  shall  be  broken  as  a  tree. 

21  He  evil  entreateth  the  barren  that  beareth  not : 
And  doeth  not  good  to  the  widow. 

2-  He  draweth  also  the  mighty  with  his  power  : 
X  Or,  he  trusteth       Hc  riscth  up — taud  no  man  is  sure  of  life. 

not  hi^<rum  life.   33  Though  it  be  given  him  to  he  in  safety,  whereon  he  resteth ; 
MSee  Ps.  11.  4.       Yet  "his  eyes  are  upon  their  ways. 

Pr.  15.  3.  24  ^^^  exalted  for  a  little  while— but  *are  gone  and  brought  low  : 

*  Heb.  are  not.  J  ,  ^      ,  11        jl 

xn.h.  closed  up.        They  are  f  taken  out  of  the  way  as  all  other, 
And  cut  off  as  the  tops  of  the  ears  of  corn. 
25  And  if  it  he  not  so  now — who  will  make  me  a  liar, 
And  make  my  speech  nothing  worth  ?  " 

Section  XJX.—Bildad  again  takes  up  the  Argument. 
Job  XXV. 

Bildad  showdh  that  man  cannot  be  justified  be/ore  God. 

1  Then  answered  Bildad  the  Shuhite,  and  said  : — 
2  "  Dominion  and  fear  are  with  Him, 
SECT.  XIX.         He  maketh  peace  in  his  high  places. 
—  3  Is  there  any  number  of  his  armies  ? 

a  Jam.  1.  17.  A„(|  ypon  whom  doth  not  "his  light  arise? 


and  ch.  18.  17 


60  JOB   AGAIN  ASSERTS  HIS   INTEGRITY.        [Period  II. 

4  See  Ps   143  2        4  g^^  b^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^  {^^  justified  witll  God  ? 

Or  how  can  he  be  clean  that  is  born  of  a  woman  ? 
^  Behold  even  to  the  moon,  and  it  shineth  not ! 
Yea,  the  stars  are  not  pure  in  his  sight ! 
cPa.  22. 6.  6  jjow  much  Icss  man,  that  is  "a  worm  ! 

And  the  son  of  man,  which  is  a  worm!  "' 

Section    XX. — Job  again  asserts  7iis  Integrity,  and  contrasts  his  former 

Prosperity  with  his  present  Adversity. 

Job  xxvi.  to  xxxi. 
Job,  reproving  the  uncharitable  spirit  of  Bildad,  5  acknowledgeth  the  pmoer  of  God  to  be  ivfinite  and 
unsearcJiMle.  —  Cha]).  xxvii.  1  He  protesteth  his  sincerity.     8  Tlie  hjpocrite  is  without  hope.     1 1 
The  blessings  which  tlie  wicked  hare  are  turned  iiUo  curses.  —  Chap,  xxviii.  1  Tliere  is  a  knowl- 


edge of  natural  things.  12  But  wisdom  is  an  excellent  gift  of  God.  —  Chap.  xxix.  He  bemoaneth 
himself  of  his  former  prosperitij  and  honor.  —  Chap,  xxx.,  His  honor  is  turned  into  extreme  con- 
tempt. 15  His  prosperity  into  calamity.  —  Chap.  xxxi.  Hemaketh  a  solemn  protestation  of  his 
integrity  in  several  duties. 

^  But  Job  answered  and  said: — 
2  ''  How  hast  thou  helped  him  that  is  without  power  ? 

How  savest  thou  the  arm  that  hath  no  strength  ? 
2  How  hast  thou  counselled  him  that  hath  no  wisdom  ? 

And  how  hast  thou  plentifully  declared  the  thing  as  it  is  ? 
^  To  whom  hast  thou  uttered  words  ? 
And  whose  spirit  came  from  thee  ? 

^  "  Dead  things  are  formed  from  under  the  waters, 
*And  the  inhabitants  thereof. 


*  Of,  With  the  in- 
habitants. 

aPs.  139.  8, 11.    ^  Hell  "is  naked  before  Him, 
Pr.^_i5. 11.  Heb.       ^^^^^  Dcstructiou  hath  no  covering. 

b  See  Ue.  1.  1. 


'  He  ''stretcheth  out  the  north  over  the  empty  place, 

And  hangeth  the  earth  upon  nothing, 
c  Pr.  30. 4.  8  fjg  'bindeth  up  the  waters  in  his  thick  clouds  ; 

And  the  cloud  is  not  rent  under  them. 
^  He  holdeth  back  the  face  of  his  throne, 

And  spreadeth  his  cloud  upon  it. 
d  See  Ge.  1.1,9.  lo  jj^  d^^^^^  compasscd  the  waters  with  bounds, 
t  Heb.  untu  the       fUutil  tlic  day  and  night  come  to  an  end. 
daruJ'/'"'  ""''*  11  The  pillars  of  heaven  tremble 

And  arc  astonished  at  his  reproof. 
c  See  Ex.  14. 21.   12  jjg  'dividcth  the  sea  with  his  power, 

tuch.  pride.  ^j-,^1  ]3y  jjjg  understanding  He  smiteth  through  tthe  proud. 

/SeeGe.i.i,&c.  13  By  "'Jiis  Spirit  He  hath  garnished  the  heavens; 

His  hand  hath  formed  the  Crooked  Serpent. 
1^  Lo  !  these  are  parts  of  his  ways : 
g-Ro.  11. 33.  But  °hovv  little  a  portion  is  heard  of  Him  ? 

But  the  thunder  of  his  power  who  can  understand  !  " 


*  Heb. 

tlUCK  up. 

h  oil.  34.  5. 


1  Moreover  Job  *continued  his  parable,  and  said,—  Job  xxvi 

As  God  liveth,  ''who  hath  taken  away  my  judgment ; 


tnJb.  wc  my       And  the  Almighty,  who  hath  ive.ved  my  soul  ; 
■i!'l>o'.'"2ia"4.    ^  All  the  while  my  breath  is  in  me, 

27. 
X  That  is,  t/M! 


And  tthe  Spirit  of  God  is  in  my  nostrils ; 


breath  which  Qod    4  ]y[y  ijpg  gij^H  not  spcak  wickcdncss, 

gave  him.  Gen.^i.  -.t  .  A         i  •* 

7.  Nor  my  tongue  utter  deceit. 

^  God  forbid  that  I  should  justify  you  : 
ich.  2.  9.  &  13.       rpjji  J  ^11^  ij  ^^.jij  j^^j  remove  mine  integrity  from  me. 
jch.2.3.  c  ]yiy  riglitcousness^I  hold  fast,  and  will  not  let  it  go: 

fc  Acts 24. 16.  My  '■heart  shall  not  reproach  me  *so  long  as  I  live. 

*iS'  ■^™'"  '"^    '  Let  mine  enemy  be  as  the  wicked. 

And  he  ilsat  riseth  up  against  me  as  the  unrighteous. 


p^^T  II.j  JOB  AGAIN  ASSERTS  HIS  INTEGRITY.  61 


I  Mat.  16. 26.  Lu.  8  a  Yot  'wliat  is  the  hope  of  the  hypocrite,  though  he  hath  gained. 

^~'  ^°'  When  God  taketh  away  his  soul  ? 

^  ch.  35. 13.   Ps.    9  ^iil  ""God  hear  his  cry  when  trouble  cometh  upon  him  ? 


._.  41.  Pr.  1 

Is.  1.  15.  &  59.  2. 


Will  "he  delight  himself  in  the  Almighty 


Je.  11.  11.  &  14.  ^.jj  j^^  ^j^^^^,g  ^^11  ypQj^  Qod  > 


12.      Ez.  8.    18. 


Mi-  3j-^|-^  l^-g^.  11  u  J  ^iu  tgach  you  tby  the  hand  of  God  : 

Ja:4.°3."   ■     ■       That  which  is  with  the  Almighty  will  I  not  conceal. 

n^see  ch.  22. 26,  ^^  ggj^^ij  ]  j^jj  yg  yoursclves  havc  scen  it ; 

t  or,^6«ng- in  tAe       -yy^j^y  t^gn  ^rc  ye  thus  altogether  vain? 

ATfctVag.    13  This  "is  the  portion  of  a  wicked  man  with  God, 

And  the  heritage  of  oppressors,  which  they  shall   receive  of  the 

pDe.28.4i.Est.  14  If  i'his  children  be  multiplied,  it  is  for  the  sword  :  [Almighty. 

9. 10.  Ho.  9. 13.       ^^^  ^.^  offspring  shall  not  be  satisfied  with  bread. 

15  Those  that  remain  of  him  shall  be  buried  in  death : 
9^P3.^8. 64.  Ez.       And  'his  widows  shall  not  weep. 

16  Though  he  heap  up  silver  as  the  dust, 
And  prepare  raiment  as  the  clay  ; 

rPr.  13.22.  &  28.  17  jjg  j^^y  prepare  it — ^but  '^the  just  shall  put  it  on, 
8.  EC.  2. 26.  ^^^  ^^^  innocent  shall  divide  the  silver. 

18  He  buildeth  his  house  as  a  moth, 
sis.  1.8.  La.  And 'as  a  booth  that  the  keeper  maketh. 

^'  '■  19  The  rich  man  shall  lie  down— but  he  shall  not  be  gathered  : 

He  openeth  his  eyes — and  he  is  not. 
tch.18.11.         20  Terrors  'take  hold  on  him  as  waters, 

A  tempest  stealeth  him  away  in  the  night. 

21  The  east  wind  carrieth  him  away — and  he  departeth : 
And  as  a  storm  hurleth  him  out  of  his  place. 

22  For  God  shall  cast  upon  him,  and  not  spare : 
jHeb.  in  fleeing       jHc  would  fain  flcc  out  of  his  hand. 

ke^o^dfiee.         ^g  ^^^^  ^^^jj  ^j^^    ^j^^j^.    j^^^^^g    ^^  J^;,^^ 

And  shall  hiss  him  out  of  his  place. 
*  Or,  a  mine.         1  Surcly  thcrc  is  *a  vein  for  the  silver.  Job  xxviu 

And  a  place  for  gold  where  they  fine  it. 
t  Or,  <zuit.  2  lyQj^  ig  taken  out  of  the  tearth, 

And  brass  is  molten  out  of  the  stone. 

3  He  setteth  an  end  to  darkness, 
And  searcheth  out  all  perfection  : 

The  stones  of  darkness,  and  the  shadow  of  death. 

4  The  flood  breaketh  out  from  the  inhabitant ; 
Even  the  waters  forgotten  of  the  foot : 

They  are  dried  up,  they  are  gone  away  from  men. 

5  As  for  the  earth,  out  of  it  cometh  bread: 
And  under  it  is  turned  up  as  it  were  fire. 

<5  The  stones  of  it  are  the  place  of  sapphires : 
X  Or,  gold  ore.  And  it  hath  tdust  of  gold. 

■^  There  is  a  path  which  no  fowl  knoweth, 

And  which  the  vulture's  eye  hath  not  seen : 
s  The  lion's  whelps  have  not  trodden  it, 
Nor  the  fierce  lion  passed  by  it. 
*  or,fiint.  9  He  putteth  forth  his  hand  upon  the  *rock  ; 

He  overturneth  the  mountains  by  the  roots. 
1*^  He  cutteth  out  rivers  among  the  rocks  ; 
And  his  eye  seeth  every  precious  thing. 
^u<'h.  from  weep-  n  Hc  biudcth  thc  floods  tfrom  overflowing; 
'"=•  And  the  thing  that  is  hid  bringeth  He  forth  to  light. 

„see  Ec.T.  23,  ^2  a jj^t  "whcve  shall  WisdoiTi  bc  found? 

2'-  And  where  is  the  place  of  Understanding  ? 


62 


JOB  CONTRASTS  HIS  PROSPERITY  AND  ADVERSITY.  [Period  IL 


X  Heb.  Fine  gold 
shall  not  be  g-'wen 
fur  ,1.  Pr.  3.  IS- 
IS. &  8.  10,  11, 
19.  &  lU.  16. 


*  Or,    vsscU    of 
fine  gold. 
t  Or,  Rauioth. 


X  Or,  heaven. 


X  See  Ps.  135.  7. 
y  ch.  38.  25. 
*  Or,  number  it. 


I  De.  4.  6.  Ps. 
19.  7.  &L  111.  lU. 
Pr.  1.7.  &9.  10. 
Ec.  12.  13. 

f  Heb.  added  to 
take  up. 
a  See  ch.  7.  3. 


cGen.49.n.  Dc. 

32.  13.  &33.24. 

ch.  20.  17. 
d  Ps.  81.  1(). 
*  Heb.  with  m". 


c  Pen  ch.  21.  5. 
I  Hell.  The  voice 


g  Ps.  72.  12.  See 
Pr.  21.  13. 


^^  Man  knoweth  not  the  'price  tliereof ; 

Neither  is  it  found  in  the  land  of  the  hving. 
1''  The  depth  saith,  '  It  is  not  in  me  ; ' 

And  the  sea  saith,  '  It  is  not  with  me.' 
^'^  tit  cannot  be  gotten  for  gold, 

Neither  shall  silver  be  weighed  for  the  price  thereof. 
^^  It  cannot  be  valued  with  the  gold  of  Ophir, 

With  the  precious  ony.x,  or  the  sapphire. 
^■^  The  gold  and  the  crystal  cannot  equal  it : 

And  the  exchange  of  it  shall  not  be  for  *jewels  of  fine  gold. 
1^  No  mention  shall  be  made  of  tcoral,  or  of  pearls : 

For  the  price  of  wisdom  is  above  rubies. 
19  The  topaz  of  Ethiopia  shall  not  equal  it, 

Neither  shall  it  be  valued  with  pure  gold. 
20  u  Whence  then  cometh  Wisdom  ? 

And  where  is  the  place  of  Understanding  ? 

21  Seeing  it  is  hid  from  the  eyes  of  all  living, 
And  kept  close  from  the  fowls  of  the  fair. 

22  Destruction  and  Death  say, 

'  We  have  heard  the  fame  thereof  with  our  ears.' 

23  '>  God  understandeth  the  way  thereof, 
And  he  knoweth  the  place  thereof. 

24  For  "he  looketh  to  the   ends  of  the  earth, 
And  seeth  under  the  whole  heaven  ; 

25  To  ""make  the  weight  for  the  winds  ; 
And  he  weigheth  the  waters  by  measure. 

26  When  he  ^made  a  decree  for  the  rain, 

And  a  way  for  the  lightning  of  the  thunder : 
2''  Then  did  he  see  it,  and  *declare  it ; 

He  prepared  it,  yea,  and  searched  it  out. 
28  And  unto  man  he  said, 

'  Behold  !   the  ''fear  of  the  Lord,  that  is  wisdom  ; 

And  to  depart  from  evil  is  understanding.'  " 

1  Moreover  Job  tcontinued  his  parable,  and  said : —         Job  xxi.x. 

2  "  Oh  that  I  were  "as  in  months  past. 

As  in  the  days  when  God  preserved  me ; 

3  When  his  tcandle  shined  upon  my  head. 

And  when  by  his  light  I  walked  through  darkness  ; 

4  As  I  was  in  the  days  of  my  youth, 

When  Hhe  secret  of  God  was  upon  my  tabernacle ; 

5  When  the  Almighty  was  yet  with  me, 
When  my  children  were  about  me  ; 

6  When  'I  washed  my  steps  with  butter. 
And  ''the  rock  poured  *mc  out  rivers  of  oil ! 

''  When  I  went  out  to  the  gate  through  the  city, 

When  I  prepared  my  seat  in  the  street, 
s  The  young  men  saw  me,  and  hid  themselves : 

And  the  aged  arose,  and  stood  up. 
^  The  princes  refrained  talking, 

And  'laid  their  hand  on  their  mouth. 
1"  tThe  nobles  held  their  peace. 

And  their  -^tongue  cleaved  to  the  roof  of  their  mouth. 

11  When  the  ear  heard  me,  then  it  blessed  me  ; 
And  when  the  eye  saw  me,  it  gave  witness  to  me : 

12  Because  °\  delivered  the  poor  that  cried. 
And  the  fatherless,  and  him  that  had  none  to  help  him. 


Part  II.]  JOB  CONTRASTS  HIS   PROSPERITY   AND   ADVERSITY.       63 

13  The  blessing  of  him  that  was  ready  to  perish  came  upon  me  : 
And  I  caused  the  widow's  heart  to  sing  for  joy. 
*i3%!ii2.V&  ^"^  I  ''put  on  righteousness,  and  it  clothed  me: 
13-2. 9.'  is."59.n.       Mv  iudsrment  was  as  a  robe  and  a  diadem. 

&  61.  10.  Dan.  4.  JJ        O  i  r      i 

27.  Ro.  10. 3, 5.   -15  I  yyg^g  'eycs  to  the  blind, 
frhe's.'s.'s'!''"        And  feet  was  I  to  the  lame, 
i  Nu.  10. 31.        16  J  ^as  a  father  to  the  poor  : 

jPr.29.7.  And  ^the  cause  which  I  knew  not  I  searched  out. 

\f£'orXtri^>-  ^^  And  I  brake  tthe  jaws  of  the  wicked, 
pTL  m  ^'  ^'       "^"^^^  *plucked  the  spoil  out  of  his  teeth. 
*ueh.'ca^t.         18  Then  I  said,  '  I 'shall  die  in  my  nest, 
kFs.30.6.  And  I  shall  multiply  my  days  as  the  sand.' 

^Heh.opmed.ch.  19  ]yjy  j-qqi  was  tsprcad  out  by  the  waters. 

And  the  dew  lay  all  night  upon  my  branch. 
iiieh.new.        20  ^y  glory  was  tfresh  in  me, 
*  neh.  dunged.         ^.ud  mv  bow  was  ^renewed  in  my  hand. 

Gen.  49.  24.  „,    ^^  •'  1-^.1 

21  Unto  me  men  gave  ear,  and  waited, 
And  kept  silence  at  my  counsel. 

22  After  my  words  they  spake  not  again  ; 
And  my  speech  dropped  upon  them. 

23  And  they  waited  for  me  as  for  the  rain ; 

I  ze.  10. 1.  And  they  opened  their  mouth  wide  as  for  Hhe  latter  rain. 

2^  If  I  laughed  on  them,  they  believed  it  not ; 

And  the  light  of  my  countenance  they  cast  not  down. 
25  I  chose  out  their  way,  and  sat  chief, 
And  dwelt  as  a  king  in  the  army. 

As  one  that  comforteth  the  mourners.  .  .    ^°^  ^^^' 

t  Heb.  of  fewer    1  gut  ^ow — they  that  are  tyounger  than  I  have  me  in  derision, 
rf«;,..^Am/.  bee       ^j^^^^  fathcrs  I  would  have  disdained  to  have  set  with  the  dogs  of 
2  Yea,  whereto  might  the  strength  of  their  hands  profit  me,   [my  flock. 
In  whom  old  age  was  perished  ? 
^mlia"'''  ""^ '''"    ^  ^oi'  ^^^"^  ^"d  famine  they  were  t solitary ; 

*'Heb.'  ye^ter-  Flceiug  into  the  wilderness  *in  former  time  desolate  and  waste. 

«i=-«.  4  ^yi^o  cut  up  mallows  by  the  bushes, 

And  juniper  roots  for  their  meat. 
^  They  were  driven  forth  from  among  men, 

(They  cried  after  them  as  after  a  thief); 
6  To  dwell  in  the  cliffs  of  the  valleys, 

In  leaves  of  the  earth,  and  in  the  rocks. 
"^  Among  the  bushes  they  brayed  ; 

Under  the  nettles  they  were  gathered  together. 
^  They  were  children  of  fools. 
Yea,  children  of  tbase  men : 
They  were  viler  than  the  earth. 
9  And  "'now  am  I  their  song. 

Yea,  I  am  their  byword. 
^^  They  abhor  me,  they  flee  far  from  me, 
*And  spare  not  to  spit  in  my  face. 

11  Because  He  "hath  loosed  my  cord,  and  afflicted  me, 
They  have  also  let  loose  the  bridle  before  me. 

12  Upon  my  right  hand  rise  the  youth ; 
They  push  away  my  feet, 
And  "they  raise  up  against  me  the  ways  of  their  destruction. 

13  They  mar  my  path, 
Tliey  set  forward  my  calamity. 
They  have  no  helper  ! 

!■*  They  came  upon  me  as  a  wide  breaking  in  of  waters  : 


t  Heb.  Itoles. 

X  Heb.  men  of  no 
Tiame. 

mch.  17.  6.  Ps. 
35.  15.  &  69.  12. 
Je.  20.  7.  La.  3. 
14,  63. 

*  Heb.  .3>id  witlv- 
hoU   not    spittle, 
fro^n    my    face. 
Nu.  12. 14.  De. 
25.  9.     Is.  50.  6. 
Slat.  26.  67.  & 
27.  30. 

n  See  ch.  12.  18. 

0  ch.  19.  12. 

64 


JOB  CONTRASTS  HIS  PROSPERITY  AND  ADVERSITY.  [Period  II. 


t  Heb.  my  princi- 
cipal  one. 


p  P9.  42.  4. 


i  Heb.   turned  to 

br  crurl. 
*  Hch.t/te  strength 

(if  tluj  hand. 

t  Or,  wisdom. 


X  Heb.  Iicap. 


q  Ps.  a5.  13,  14. 

Rom.  12.  15,&.c. 
*  Heb.    for    him 

Vial  was  hard  of 

daj. 
r  Jer.  8.  15.  &.  14. 

19. 


s  Vs.  a3.  6.  &  42. 


t  Ps.  102.  6.   Mi, 
1.8. 
t  Or,  ostriches. 


V  SeePs.  103.  3. 

w  JIatt.  5.  28. 
X  See  ch.  20.  29. 

V  2  Ch.  16. 9.  See 


J  Heb.  Lrt  mm 
weiifh  me  in  hal- 
ances  of  justice. 


t  See  Nu.  15.  39. 
Ec.  11.9.  Ez.6. 
9.  Mat.  5.  29. 

o  Sec  Lev.  25.  16. 


J  2  Sam.  ID.  11. 


In  the  desolation  they  rolled  themselves  upon  me. 
^^  Terrors  are  turned  upon  me : 

They  pursue  tmy  soul  as  the  wind : 

And  my  welfare  passeth  away  as  a  cloud. 

^''  "  And  ^now  my  soul  is  poured  out  upon  me ; 

The  days  of  affliction  have  taken  hold  upon  me. 
^^  My  bones  are  pierced  in  me  in  the  night  season  ; 

And  my  sinews  take  no  rest. 
18  By  the  great  force  of  my  disease  is  my  garment  changed  : 

It  bindeth  me  about  as  the  collar  of  my  coat. 
1^  He  hath  cast  me  into  the  mire, 

And  I  am  become  like  dust  and  ashes. 
2"  I  cry  unto  Thee — and  Thou  dost  not  hear  me : 

I  stand  up — and  Thou  regardest  me  not. 
21  Thou  art  tbecome  cruel  to  me  : 

With  *thy  strong  hand  Thou  opposest  thyself  against  me. 
-2  Thou  liftest  me  up  to  the  wind; 

Thou  causest  me  to  ride  upon  it,  and  dissolvest  my  t substance. 
~3  For  I  know  that  Thou  wilt  bring  me  to  death, 

And  to  the  house  appointed  for  all  living. 

24  Howbeit  He  will  not  stretch  out  his  hand  to  the  tgrave, 
Though  they  cry  in  his  destruction. 

25  Did  'not  I  weep  *for  him  that  was  in  trouble  ? 
Was  not  my  soul  grieved  for  the  poor  ? 

26  When  "^I  looked  for  good — then  evil  came  unto  me : 
And  when  I  waited  for  light — there  came  darkness. 

2''  My  bowels  boiled,  and  rested  not: 

The  days  of  affliction  prevented  me. 
28  I  'went  mourning  without  the  sun  : 

I  stood  up,  and  1  cried  in  the  congregation. 
23  I  'am  a  brother  to  dragons, 

And  a  companion  to  fowls. 
3°  My  "skin  is  black  upon  me, 

And  "my  bones  are  burned  with  heat. 
31  My  harp  also  is  turned  to  mourning, 

And  my  organ  into  the  voice  of  them  that  weep. 

1  I  made  a  covenant  with  mine  "eyes  ; 
Why  then  should  I  think  upon  a  maid  ? 

2  For  what  ''portion  of  God  is  there  from  above  ? 
And  what  inheritance  of  the  Almighty  from  on  high  ? 

3  Is  not  destruction  to  the  wicked  ? 
And  a  strange  punishment  to  the  workers  of  iniquity  ? 

4  Doth  ''not  he  see  my  ways, 
And  count  all  my  steps  ? 

5  "  If  I  have  w^alked  with  vanity, 

Or  if  my  foot  hath  hasted  to  deceit ; 
^  ILet  me  be  wei-jhcd  in  an  even  balance, 

That  God  may  know  mine  integrity. 
^  If  my  step  hath  turned  out  of  the  way, 

And  'my  heart  walked  after  mine  eyes. 

And  if  any  blot  hath  cleaved  to  my  hands ; 
8  Then  "let  me  sow,  and  let  another  eat ; 

Yea,  let  my  offspring  be  rooted  out. 
^  If  my  heart  have  been  deceived  by  a  woman, 

Or  if  I  have  laid  wait  at  my  neighbour's  door ; 
1°  Then  let  my  wife  grind  unto  ''another. 

And  let  others  bow  down  upon  her. 


Job  xxxi. 


Part  II.]  JOB  CONTRASTS  HIS  PROSPERITY  AND  ADVERSITY.  65 

^^  For  this  is  a  heinous  crime ; 
g  Gen.  38.  24.         Yea,  °'it  is  an  iniquity  to  be  punished  by  the  judges. 

12  Yox  it  is  a  fire  that  consumeth  to  destruction, 
And  would  root  out  all  mine  increase. 

13  If  I  did  despise  the  cause  of  my  manservant, 

Or  of  my  maidservant,  when  they  contended  with  me ; 
*i7.''io^'  ^^'  ^''  ^^  What  then  shall  I  do  when  "God  riseth  up? 

And  when  he  visiteth,  what  shall  I  answer  him  ? 
i  ch.  34.  19.  Pr.  15  Did  ^not  he  that  made  me  in  the  womb  make  him  ? 
Mai. 2. 10.  ■   ■       And  *did  not  One  fashion  us  in  the  womb? 

*  Or,  did  he  not  ^^  a  jf  J  j^^^yg  withheld  the  poor  from  their  desire, 
asuoTiuiu  01        ^^  Y^^j^Q  caused  the  eyes  of  the  widow  to  fail ; 

'^'^  Or  have  eaten  my  morsel  myself  alone, 

And  the  fatherless  hath  not  eaten  thereof; 
1^  (For  from  my  youth  he  was  brought  up  with  me,  as  with  a  father, 
t  That  is,  the  Aj^(J  J  i^^yc  ffuidcd  thcr  from  my  mother's  womb  ;) 

Widow,  ~  /»        1        1    • 

1^  If  I  have  seen  any  perish  for  want  of  clothing, 
Or  any  poor  without  covering ; 

j  See  De.  24.  13.   20  Jf   j^Jg  Jq^j^s   [^^yg  ^Ot  ^blcSScd  mC, 

And  if  he  were  not  warmed  with  the  fleece  of  my  sheep ; 
k  ch.  2-2. 9.         21  If  J  have  lifted  up  my  hand  'against  the  fatherless. 

When  I  saw  my  help  in  the  gate  ; 
2~  Then  let  mine  arm  fall  from  my  shoulder  blade, 
^bml  ^^  ''^'"'^'       ^^^  """^  ^""'^  ^^  broken  from  tthe  bone. 
I  isai.  13. 6, 9.     ^3  For  'destruction  from  God  was  a  terror  to  me, 
Joel  1. 15.  ^^^  l^y  reason  of  his  highness  I  could  not  endure. 

"i  Trm^G^.^i?^'''  "^  "  If  "I  have  made  gold  my  hope, 

Or  have  said  to  the  fine  gold,  '  Thou  art  my  confidence  ; ' 
"if.^28^'  ^^"  ^''  -^  If  "I  rejoiced  because  my  wealth  was  great, 

*  Yieh.  found  And  bccausc  my  hand  had  *gotten  much ; 
w               26  If  I  beheld  the  tsun  when  it  shined, 

f  Heb.  the  light.  ^        ,  ,,  .  j.-       i     •    i 

De.  4. 19.  &  11.        Or  the  moon  walking  lin  brightness  ; 

8. 16.    '  '    ^"  '^'^  And  my  heart  hath  been  secretly  enticed, 
X  Heb.  bright.  Qr  *my  mouth  hath  kissed  my^  hand  ; 

^^''iS/'mt  "^  This  also  were  "an  iniquity  to  be  punished  by  the  judge : 

mouth.  Yox  I  should  have  denied  the  God  that  is  above. 

0  See  ver.  11.  De. 


17.5. 


29   u 


If  I  ^'rejoiced  at  the  destruction  of  him  that  hated  me, 
p  Prov.  17. 5.  Or  lifted  up  myself  when  evil  found  him  : 

'Rom"i2^."i4^.'''     ^^  Neither  *have  I  suffered  tmy  mouth  to  sin 
t  Heb.  my  ■palate.       By  wishing  a  curse  to  his  soul. 

31  If  the  men  of  my  tabernacle  said  not. 

'  Oh  that  we  had  of  his  flesh  !  we  cannot  be  satisfied.' 
*"  ^®"'  l^'.o'ii'  ^^  The  'stranger  did  not  lodge  in  the  street : 
Roin.  li.  13.  '       But  I  opened  my  doors  Ito  the  traveller. 
He.  13.2.  iPet.  33  j^  j  govcrcd  my  transgressions  *as  Adam, 
X  Or,  to  the  wa, I.        Ry  hiding  mine  iniquity  in  my  bosom  : 
*  "'■,'nJ'^if  ™«f  ^"^  Did  I  fear  a  great  'multitude, 

manner    of  men.  O  />  1  • 

Gen.  3^8,  12.       Qr  did  the  contempt  of  families  terrify  me, 
Ho7.'6.7.'     "■       That  I  kept  silence,  and  went  not  out  of  the  door? 
5  Ex.  23. 2.  35  u  Oh  'that  One  would  hear  me  ! 

tBehold  !  my  desire  is,  "that  the  Almighty  would  answer  me, 
And  that  mine  adversary  had  written  a  book. 
Surely  I  would  take  it  upon  my  shoulder, 
ch.  13.22.  jAi^fi  hii^jj  it  as  a  crown  to  me. 

3^  I  would  declare  unto  Him  the  number  of  my  steps ; 
As  a  prince  would  I  go  near  unto  Him. 
3^  "  If  my  land  cry  against  me, 

VOL.    I.  9  *F 


t  cli.  33, 
t  Or,  Behold  !  my 
■  71  is   that 
mighty  will 


66 


ELIHU'S  ARGUMENT. 


[Period  II. 


J  Ilel).  weep. 

*  Hiih.the  strength 
thereof.   Ja.  5.  4. 

t  Heb.  the  soul 
of  the  owners 
thereof  to  expire, 
or,  breathe  out. 
1  Kings  21.  19. 

V  Gen.  3.  18. 

J  Or,   noisome 
weeds. 


a  ch.  27.  3-6. 
6  Gen.  22.  21. 


t  Ileb.  his  soul. 


I  Heb.  expected 
Job  in  words. 

*  Heb.  elder  for 
days. 


fllch.feiaofdays. 
ch.  15.  10. 
J  Ileb. /cared. 


e  1  Kings  3.   12. 

ch.  35.  11.  &  38. 

3G.  Pr.  2.  6.  Ec. 

2. 26.  Dan.  1.  17. 

&  2.  21.    Matt. 

11.  25.    Ja.  1.  5. 
d  Cor.  1.  26. 


*  Heb.   under- 
standings. 
t  Heb.  words. 


J  Or,  ordered  7«s 
words. 


*  Heb.  They  re- 
moved '^eeehcs 
from  tlicmscloes. 


f  Heb.  word?. 
J  Hel).  'J'lie  spirit 
of  my  belly. 


Or  that  the  furrows  Ukewise  thereof  icomplain ; 
^^  If  I  have  eaten  *the  fruits  thereof  without  money, 

Or  have  caused  tthe  owners  thereof  to  lose  their  hfe ; 
^"  Let  "thistles  grow  instead  of  wheat, 

And  tcockle  instead  of  barley." 
The  words  of  Job  are  ended. 

Section  XXI. — Eliku,  who  had  hitherto  hcai  silent,  takes  up  the  ArgumeJit, 
and  shoios  that  Affiiction  is  sent  hy  God  for  wise   though  inscrutable  Pur- 
poses, and  that  the  Duty  of  3Ian  is  Submission. 
Job  xxxii.  to  xx.xvii. 

ELViu  is  angrtj  with  Job  and  his  three  fi-iends.  6  Because  wisdom  cometh  not  from  age,  he  excuselh 
the  boldness  of  his  youth.  11  He  reproveth  them  for  not  satisfijing  of  Job.  IC  His  zeal  to  speak.  — 
Chap,  xxxiii.  1  He  off'ereth  himself  instead  of  God,  with  sincentij  a?id  meekness,  to  reason  with 
Job.  8  He  excuseth  God  from  giving  mixn  an  account  of  his  ways,  by  his  greatness.  14  God 
calleth  man  to  repentance  by  visions,  19  by  afflictions,  23  and  by  his  ministry.  31  He  inciteth  Job 
to  attention.  —  Chap,  x.vxiv.  1  He  accuseth  Job  for  cliarging  God  with  injustice.  10  God  o/miip- 
otent  cannot  be  unjust.  31  Man  must  humble  himself  unto  God.  34  Elihu  reproveth  Job.  — 
Chap.  XXXV.  1  Comparison  is  not  to  be  made  with  God,  because  our  good  or  evil  cannot  extend 
unto  him.  9  Many  cry  in  their  afjlictions,  but  are  not  heard  for  ivant  of  faith.  —  Chap,  xxxvi.  1 
Elihu  slioweth  hmv  God  is  just  in  his  ways.  16  Hoiv  Job's  si7is  hinder  God's  blessi?igs.  24 
God's  works  are  to  be  magnified.  —  Chap,  xxxvii.  1  God  is  to  be  feared  because  of  his  great  works. 
15  His  wisdom  is  unsearc'iable  in  them. 

1  So  these  three  men  ceased  *to  answer  Job,  because  he  was  "righ- 
teous in  his  own  eyes. 

~  Then  was  kindled  the  wrath  of  Elihu  the  son  of  Baracliel  ''the 
Buzite,  of  the  kindred  of  Ram :  against  Job  was  his  wrath  kindled, 
because  he  justified  thimself  rather  than  God.  ^  Also  against  his  three 
friends  was  his  wrath  kindled,  because  they  had  found  no  answer, 
and  yet  had  condemned  Job.  "*  Now  Elihu  had  Iwaited  till  Job  had 
spoken,  because  they  were  *elder  than  he.  ^  When  Elihu  saw  that 
there  was  no  answ^er  in  the  mouth  of  these  three  men,  then  his  wrath 
was  kindled.  ^  And  Elihu  the  son  of  Barachel  the  Buzite  answered 
and  said  : — 
"  I  am  tyoung,  and  ye  are  very  old  ; 

Wherefore  I  was  afraid,  and  tdurst  not  show  you  mine  opinion. 
'''  I  said,  '  Days  should  speak, 

And  multitude  of  years  should  teach  wisdom.' 
^  But  there  is  a  spirit  in  man  : 

And  "the  inspiration  of  the  Almighty  giveth  them  understanding. 
^  Great  ''men  are  not  always  wise  : 

Neither  do  the  aged  understand  judgment. 
^°  Therefore  I  said,  '  Hearken  to  me ; 

I  also  will  show  mine  opinion.' 

^^  "  Behold  !  I  waited  for  your  words  ; 

I  gave  ear  to  your  *  reasons,  whilst  ye  searched  out  twhat  to  say. 
^^  Yea,  I  attended  unto  you. 

And,  behold !  there  was  none  of  you  that  convinced  Job, 

Or  that  answered  his  words  : 
^3  Lest  "ye  should  say,  '  We  have  found  out  wisdom, 

God  thrusteth  him  down,  not  man.' 
^^  Now  he  hath  not  tdirected  his  words  against  me ; 

Neither  will  I  answer  him  with  your  speeches. 
^^  "  They  were  amazed,  they  answered  no  more : 

*They  left  off  speaking. 
^^  When  I  had  waited,  (for  they  spake  not. 

But  stood  still,  and  answered  no  more)  ; 
^'  I  said.  '  I  will  answer  also  my  part, 

I  also  will  show  mine  opinion.' 
^s  For  I  am  full  of  tmatter, 

tThe  spirit  within  me  constraineth  me. 


Part  II.l 


ELIHU'S  ARGUMENT. 


67 


»  Heb.  is 

opened. 


■f  Heb.  breathe. 
f  See  Le.  19.  15. 


J  Heb.  in  my 
palate. 


g  See  Gen.  2.  7 


*  Heb.  to    thy 
mouth,  ch.  9.  32, 
33.  &  31.  35. 

J  Heb.  cut  out  of 
the  day. 

h  ch.  9.  34.  &  13. 
21. 

t  Heb.  in  mine 


i  ch.  9.  17.  &  10. 

7.  &  16. 17.  &  23. 

10,  11.  &  27.  5. 

&  29.  14.   &  31. 

1. 
j  ch.  13.  24.  &  16. 

9.  &  19.  11. 
k  ch.  13.  27.  & 

14.  16.  &  31.  4. 


I  Is.  45.  9. 
*  Heb.  ansteercth 
not. 
m  Ps.  G2.  11. 

n  SeeGe.  15.  1. 


I  Heb.   rcvealeth. 

or,    uncovereth. 

ch.  36.  10,  15. 
J  Heb.  Mor/i:. 


*  Heb.  passing 
by  the  sword. 


0  Ps.  107.  18. 
■f  Vieh.meat  of  de- 
sire. 


"  Behold  !  my  belly  is  as  wine  which  *hath  no  vent ; 
It  is  ready  to  burst  like  new  bottles. 

20  I  will  speak,  that  I  may  tbe  refreshed : 
I  will  open  my  lips  and  answer. 

21  Let  me  not,  I  pray  you,  -^accept  any  man's  person, 
Neither  let  me  give  flattering  titles  unto  man. 

22  For  I  know  not  to  give  flattering  titles  ; 

In  so  doing  my  Maker  would  soon  take  me  away. 

1  Wherefore,  Job,  I  pray  thee,  hear  my  speeches,  Job  xxxiii. 
And  hearken  to  all  my  words. 

2  Behold  !  now  I  have  opened  my  mouth, 
My  tongue  hath  spoken  tin  my  mouth. 

3  My  words  shall  be  of  the  uprightness  of  my  heart : 
And  my  lips  shall  utter  knowledge  clearly. 

4  The  "'Spirit  of  God  hath  made  me. 

And  the  breath  of  the  Almighty  hath  given  me  life. 
^  If  thou  canst  answer  me, 

Set  thy  words  in  order  before  me — stand  up. 
•5  Behold  !  I  am  according  *to  thy  wish  in  God's  stead: 

I  also  am  tformed  out  of  the  clay. 
"^  Behold  !   ''my  terror  shall  not  make  thee  afraid, 

Neither  shall  my  hand  be  heavy  upon  thee. 
s  "  Surely  thou  hast  spoken  tin  my  hearing, 

And  I  have  heard  the  voice  of  thy  words,  saying, 
9  '  I  ^am  clean  without  transgression,  I  am  innocent ; 

Neither  is  there  iniquity  in  me. 
1^  Behold  !  He  findeth  occasions  against  me, 

He  -'counteth  me  for  his  enemy. 
1^  He  ^putteth  my  feet  in  the  stocks, 

He  marketh  all  my  paths.' 

12  Behold  !  in  this  thou  art  not  just : 

I  will  answer  thee,  that  God  is  greater  than  man. 
13  a  "VVhy  dost  thou  'strive  against  Him  ? 

For  He  *giveth  not  account  of  any  of  his  matters. 
14  For  "'God  speaketh  once,  yea,  twice. 

Yet  man  peiceiveth  it   not. 
^^  In  "a  dream,  in  a  vision  of  the  night. 

When  deep  sleep  falleth  upon  men,  in  slumberings  upon  the  bed : 
1*^  Then  He  topeneth  the  ears  of  men. 

And  sealeth  their  instruction, 
1"  That  He  may  withdraw  man  from  his  tpurpose, 

And  hide  pride  from  man. 

13  He  keepeth  back  his  soul  from  the  pit. 
And  his  life  from  *perishing  by  the  sword. 

1^  "  He  is  chastened  also  with  pain  upon  his  bed. 
And  the  multitude  of  his  bones  with  strong  pain  : 
2f'  So  "that  his  life  abhorreth  bread. 
And  his  soul  tdainty  meat. 

21  His  flesh  is  consumed  away,  that  it  cannot  be  seen ; 
And  his  bones  that  were  not  seen  stick  out. 

22  Yea,  his  soul  draweth  near  unto  the  grave, 
And  his  life  to  the  destroyers. 

23  If  there  be  a  messenger  with  him, 

An  interpreter,  one  among  a  thousand. 
To  show  unto  man  his  uprightness : 

24  Then  he  is  gracious  unto  him,  and  saith, 
'  Deliver  him  from  going  down  to  the  pit : 


68  ELIHU'S  ARGUMENT.  [Period  II. 

X  Or,  an  atone-        J  j^g^^e  found  ta  lansoiTi.' 

*  Heb.  childhood.  2^  His  flesh  shall  be  fresher  than  *a  child  s : 

He  shall  return  to  the  days  of  his  youth  : 
26  He  shall  pray  unto  God,  and  he  will  be  favorable  unto  him  : 
And  he  shall  see  his  face  with  joy : 
For  he  will  render  unto  man  his  righteousness, 
t  oi,Heshauiook  27  ffjg  lookctli  upou  mcu,  and  if  any  -^say, 
soy,"/ A^'e  sin-       '  I  havc  sinucd,  and  perverted  that  which  was  right, 
;,? Sam.  12.  13.       ^ud  it  'profited  mc  uot ; ' 
Ps.3-2  5.  Pr.28.  28  |jjg  yy[\\  deliver  his  soul  from  going  into  the  pit, 
Da.  9.  20,'  2L       And  his  life  shall  see  the  light. 

?B!om.^6!'2i.       ^'  Lo  !  all  these  things  worketh  God  *oftentimcs  with  man, 
J  Or,  He  havi.  de-  30  ^q  ''bring  back  his  soul  from  the  pit, 
'R:ZidZj%:       To  be  enlightened  with  the  light  of  the  living. 
Jl^  f '5"       ,  ^^  "  Mark  well,  O  Job  !  hearken  unto  me  : 

*  Heb.  twice  and  i   t         ii  i 

thrue.  Hold  thy  peace,  and  1  will  speak. 

r  Ta.  56. 13.       3-2  jf  ^j^^^^  |^g^gj  ^^^y  ^j^jj^g  ^q  ^^y^  auswer  me  : 

Speak,  for  I  desire  to  justify  thee. 

'J'as^"  "■  *'*'■  ^^  I^  "°*'  'hearken  unto  me  : 

Hold  thy  peace,  and  I  shall  teach  thee  wisdom." 

^  Furthermore  Elihu  answered  and  said  : —  Job  xxxiv. 

2  "  Hear  my  words,  O  ye  wise  men! 
And  give  ear  unto  me,  ye  that  have  knowledge ! 

*  ch.  6. 30.  &  12.    3  For  <the  ^^r  trieth  words, 
iUeh.  palate.  As  the  tiiiouth  tastcth  meat. 

^  Let  us  choose  to  us  judgment : 
Let  us  know  among  ourselves  what  is  good. 
uch.33.9.  5  Yor  Job  hath  said,  '  I  "am  righteous  : 

t)ch.27.2.  And  "God  hath  taken  away  my  judgment. 

»ch.9.i7.  6  Should  "I  lie  against  my  right? 

tMy  wound  is  incurable  without  transgression.' 
What  man  is  like  Job, 
Who  ""drinketh  up  scorning  like  water? 
s  Which  goeth  in  company  with  the  workers  of  iniquity, 
And  walketh  with  wicked  men. 
^■M'^^h^i^'^'    ^  For  "he  hath  said.  '  It  profiteth  a  man  nothing 
Mil.  3. 14.   ■  That  he  should  delight  himself  with  God.' 

*iuaH.'^''^  10  "Therefore  hearken  unto  me,  ye  *men  of  understanding! 

z  See  ch.  8. 3.  &       Far  "^bc  it  from  God,  that  he  should  do  wickedness  ; 
15.  R^m.^!'!^'       And  from  the  Almighty,  that  he  should  commit  iniquity. 
°24!'i2^Je.^i7^ 'io.  ^^  Fo*"  "thc  work  of  a  man  shall  He  render  unto  him, 
fc^-ggi^^Lj-       And  cause  every  man  to  find  according  to  his  ways. 
If,!  27.  Ro!  2.'6!  i2  Yea,  surely  God  will  not  do  wickedly, 
l^iQ^'v^p^^e.       Neither  will  the  Almighty  ''pervert  judgment. 
lAi'f'^v.'i^:  ^^  Who  hath  given  Him  a  charge  over  the  earth  ? 
&  22. 12.  Qr  ^y]jo  hath  disposed  f the  whole  world  ? 

A  See  ch.  8.  3.         ,^   t,-  tt  1  •       1  .    j. 

^  Heh.  all  of  it.         If  He  set  his  heart  lupon  man, 
tHeh.vpcihim.        If  He  'gather  unto  himself  his  spirit  and  his  breath  ; 
1^  All  ''flesh  shall  perish  together. 

And  man  shall  turn  again  unto  dust. 

1*^  ■'  If  now  thou  hast  understanding,  hear  this  : 

Hearken  to  the  voice  of  my  words. 
e2Sa.23.3.        1'  Shall  'cvcn  he  that  hateth  right  *govern  ? 
*  Heb.  bind.  j^^^  ^^,jj^  ^j^^^j  condemn  Him  that  is  most  just  ? 

/Ex.  22. 28.        18  Is  /jt  fit,  to  say  to  a  king,  '  Tiiou  art  wicked  ? ' 

And  to  princes,  '  Ye  are  ungodly  ? ' 


c  P«.  104.  29 
d  Go.  3.  19. 
Ec.  12.  7. 


Part  II.] 


ELIHU'S  ARGUMENT. 


69 


g  De.  10.  17. 

2Ch.l9.  7.  Ac. 

10.  34.  Ro.9.  11. 

Ga.  2.  6.  Eph.  6. 

y.  Col.  3.  25. 

1  Pe.  1.  17. 
h  See  ch.  31.  15. 
i  Ex.  12.  29,  30. 

t  Heb.  they  shall 

take  away  the 

mighty, 
i  2  Ch.  IG.  9.   Ps. 

34.15.  Ze.4.  10. 

1  Pe.  3.  12.   see 

ch.l4.  16. 
k  See  ch.  26.  6. 

Da.  2.^.  Am. 

9.  2,  3. 
X  Heb.  go. 
I  Dan.  2.21. 
*  Heb.  without 

searching  oiU. 


■f  Heb.  crushed. 


I  Heh.  Intlieplace 

of  beholders. 
*  Heb./rom  after 

kirn.  ISa.  15.11. 

Ps.  28.  5.  Is.  5. 

12. 
m  ch.  35.  9.  Jam. 

5.4. 

n  Ex.  22.  23. 
0  Ro.  8.  31. 


p  Dan.  9.  7,  14. 


t  Heb.  Should  it 
be/ro7«  with  thee. 


X  nch.of  heart. 


^^  How  much  less  to  Him  that  "accepteth  not  the  persons  of  princes, 

Nor  regardetli  the  rich  more  than  the  poor ! 

For  ''they  all  are  the  work  of  his  hands. 
^^  In  a  moment  shall  they  die, 

And  the  people  shall  be  troubled  *at  midnight,  and  pass  away : 

And  tthe  mighty  shall  be  taken  away  without  hand. 
^^  For  •'his  eyes  are  upon  the  ways  of  man, 

And  he  seeth  all  his  goings. 
2^  There  ''is  no  darkness,  nor  shadow  of  death. 

Where  the  workers  of  iniquity  may  hide  themselves. 
^^  For  He  will  not  lay  upon  man  more  than  right ; 

That  he  should  tenter  into  judgment  with  God. 
-^  He  'shall  break  in  pieces  mighty  men  *  without  number, 

And  set  others  in  their  stead. 
2^  Therefore  he  knovveth  their  works. 

And  he  overturneth  them  in  the  night. 

So  that  they  are  fdestroyed. 
2^  He  striketh  them  as  wicked  men 

tin  the  open  sight  of  others  ; 
^"^  Because  they  turned  back  *from  Him, 

And  would  not  consider  any  of  his  ways  : 
^^  So  that  they  '"cause  the  cry  of  the  poor  to  come  unto  Him, 

And  He  "heareth  the  cry  of  the  afflicted. 
-^  When  °He  giveth  quietness — who  then  can  make  trouble  ? 

And  when  He  hideth  his  face — who  then  can  behold  Him  ? 

Whether  it  be  do7ie  against  a  nation,  or  against  a  man  only : 
^^  That  the  hypocrite  reign  not. 

Lest  the  people  be  ensnared. 

^^  "  Surely  it  is  meet  to  be  said  unto  God, 

'  I  ^have  borne  chastisement,  I  will  not  offend  any  more : 
^^  That  which  I  see  not  teach  Thou  me  : 

If  I  have  done  iniquity,  I  will  do  no  more.' 
^3  Should  it  bef  according  to  thy  mind  ?  He  will  recompense  it, 

Whether  thou  refuse,  or  whether  thou  choose  ;  and  not  I : 

Therefore  speak  what  thou  knowest. 
2^  Let  men  tof  understanding  tell  me. 

And  let  a  wise  man  hearken  unto  me. 
2^  Job  hath  spoken  without  knowledge. 

And  his  words  were  without  wisdom. 
36  *]y[y  desire  is  that  Job  may  be  tried  unto  the  end, 

Because  of  his  answers  for  wicked  men. 
^^  For  he  addeth  rebellion  unto  his  sin. 

He  clappeth  his  hands  among  us, 

And  multiplieth  his  words  against  God." 


f  Or,  by  it  more 
than  btj  my  sin. 

X  Heh.  I  will  re- 
turn to  thee 
words. 

r  ch.  22.  12. 

s  Pr.  8.  3r,.  Je.  ' 


tch.  22.-2,  3.  Ps. 
16.  2.  Pr.  9.  12. 
Ro.  11.  35. 


^  Elihu  spake  moreover,  and  said  : —  Job  xxxv. 

"  Thinkest  thou  this  to  be  right,  that  ''thou  saidst, 
'  My  righteousness  is  more  than  God's  ? ' 
For  thou  saidst,  '  What  advantage  will  it  be  unto  thee  ? ' 
And,  '  What  profit  shall  I  have,  fif  I  be  cleansed  from  my  sin  ? ' 

■*  "  tl  will  answer  thee,  and  thy  companions  with  thee. 
Look  'unto  the  heavens,  and  see ; 
And  behold  the  clouds  which  are  higher  than  thou. 
If  thou  sinnest,  what  doest  thou  'against  Him  ? 
Or  if  thy  transgressions  be  multiplied,  what  doest  thou  unto  Him  ? 
If  'tliou  be  righteous,  what  givest  thou  Him  ? 
Or  what  receiveth  He  of  thy  hand  ? 


70 


ELIHU'S  ARGUMENT. 


[Period  II. 


u  Ex.  2.  23.  ch. 
34.28. 

1)18.51.  13. 

trPs.  32.  7.  &,42. 

8.  &  77.  6.  & 

149.5.  Ac.  1G.25.    11 
X  Pb.  94.  1-2. 

y  See  ch.  27. 
Pr.  15.  29. 


*  That  is,  Ood. 
Ps.  89.  32. 


t  That  is,  Job. 


^  Thy  wickedness  may  hurt  a  man  as  thou  art ; 

And  thy  righteousness  may  profit  the  son  of  man. 
°  By  "reason  of  the  multitude  of  oppressions  they  make  the  oppressed 

They  cry  out  by  reason  of  the  arm  of  the  mighty.  [to  cry : 

^'^  But  none  "saith,  '  Where  is  God  my  Maker, 

Wlio  ''giveth  songs  in  the  night  ; 

Who  ""teachcJth  us  more  tlian  the  beasts  of  the  earth, 

And  maketh  us  wiser  than  tlie  fowls  of  heaven?  ' 
^^  There  ^they  cry,  but  none  giveth  answer, 

Because  of  the  pride  of  evil  men. 
^^  Surely  God  will  not  hear  vanity, 

Neither  will  the  Almighty  regard  it. 

^^  "  Although  'thou  sayest  thou  shalt  not  see  Him, 

Yet  judgment  is  before  Him  ; 

Therefore  "trust  thou  in  Him. 
^^  But  now,  because  it  is  not  so,  *He  hath  visited  in  his  anger ; 

Yet  tlie  knoweth  it  not  in  great  extremity : 
^^  Therefore  doth  Job  open  his  mouth  in  vain  ; 

He  multiplieth  words  without  knowledge." 


J  Heb.TVwt  there 
are  yet  words  fur 
Ood. 


b  See  ch.  34.  19. 

c  ch.  9.  4.  &  12. 
13,  It).  &  37.  IG, 
23.  Ps.  99.  4. 

*  Heb.  heart. 

t  Or,  afflicted. 

d  Ps.  33. 18.  &  34. 
15.  1  Pe.  3.  J2. 

e  Ps.  113.  8. 


/Ps.  107.  10. 


g- ch.  33.  IG,  23.      10 


X  Heb.  They  shall 
pass  away  by  the 
sword. 


*  Heb.  T/tcir  soul 
dieth.  ch.  15.  32. 
&22.  IG. 

t  Or,  sodomites. 

De.  23.  17. 
X  Or,  afflictd. 
»Ps.  18.  19.  &31. 

8.  &  118.  5. 

*  Heb.  the  rest  of 
thy  table.  Ps.  23. 
5.  &  36.  8. 

t  Or,  judrrment 
anil  justice  nlwitld 
vphvld  thcr. 


^  Elihu  also  proceeded,  and  said  : —  Job  xxxvi. 

~  "  Suffer  me  a  little,  and  I  will  show  thee 

tThat  I  have  yet  to  speak  on  God's  behalf. 
^  I  will  fetch  my  knowledge  from  afar, 

And  will  ascribe  righteousness  to  my  Maker. 
^  For  truly  my  words  shall  not  be  false : 
He  that  is  perfect  in  knowledge  is  with  thee. 

^  "  Behold  God  is  mighty,  and  Mespiseth  not  any : 
He  "is  mighty  in  strength  and  *  wisdom. 
^  He  preserveth  not  the  life  of  the  wicked  : 

But  giveth  right  to  the  tpoor. 
''  He  ''withdraweth  not  his  eyes  from  the  righteous. 
But  'with  kings  are  they  on  the  throne ; 
Yea,  he  doth  establish  them  for  ever,  and  they  are  exalted. 
^  And-^if  they  be  bound  in  fetters. 

And  be  holden   in  cords  of  affliction  ; 
^  Then  he  showeth  them  their  work. 
And  their  transgressions  that  they  have  exceeded. 
He  "openeth  also  their  ear  to  discipline, 
And  commandeth  that  tiiey  return  from  iniquity. 
^^  If  they  obey  and  serve  him. 

They  shall  ''sjicnd  their  days  in  prosperity. 
And  their  years  in  pleasures. 
^-  But  if  they  obey  not, 

IThcy  shall  perish  by  the  sword, 

And  they  shall  die  without  knowledge. 

^^  "  But  the  hypocrites  in  heart  'heap  up  wrath : 
They  cry  not  when  He  bindeth  them. 
^"*  *They  die  in  youth, 

And  their  life  is  among  the  tunclean. 
^^  He  delivereth  the  tpoor  in  his  affliction. 

And  oj)encth  their  cars  in  oppression. 
^•^  Even  so  would  He  have  removed  thee  out  of  the  strait 
Into^a  broad  place,  where  there  is  no  straitness  ; 
And  *tlmt  which  should  be  set  on  thy  table  should  be  full  of  fatness. 
^^  But  thou  hast  fulfilled  the  judgment  of  the  wicked  : 
tJudgmcnt  and  justice  take  hold  on  thee. 


Part  II.  1 


ELIHU'S  ARGUMENT. 


71 


k  Tim.  2.  5.  6. 
X  Heb.  Uni  tlice 

aside. 
I'  Ps.  49.  6,  7.  & 

52.  7.  &  02.  10. 

Pr.  10. -3.  &  11.4. 

Ez.7. 19.  Zep.l. 

18.    Eccl.    5.  8. 

Ma.  10.  24.   Lu. 

12.  19,20.1  Tim. 

6.  17. 

m  Ps.  66.  18. 
nSoe  He.  11.25. 
0  See  Mut.  v.   vi. 

and  vii. 
p  ch.  34.  13. 
5  See  ch.  34.  10. 
r  Ps.  92.  5.  Rev. 

15.  3. 


t  Ps.  90.  2.  &  102. 
24,  27.  He.  1. 12. 
u  Ps.  147.  8. 


*  Heb.  the  roots. 
X  See  ch.  37. 13. 
7/ See  Ge.  1.29. 
i  Ps.  147.  8. 

alKi.  18.  41,45. 

f  Heb.  t7ia£  v)kich 
goeth  up. 


I  Heb.  Hear  i 
hearing. 


*  Heb.  ?io-7i«. 
f  Heb.  wings  of 

the  earth,  so  ch. 

38.  13. 
b  Ps.  29.  3.  &  68. 

33. 


c  ch.  5.  9.  See  Ge. 
1.  l,&c.  Re.  15. 
3. 

d  Ps.  147.  16,  17. 

X  Heb.  And  to  the 
shower  of  rain, 
and  to  the  show- 
ers of  rain  of  his 
strength. 

e  Ps.  109.  27. 

/Ps.  104.  20. 


f  Heb.  scattering 

winds. 
fi-ch.38.29,30. 

Ps.  147.  17,  18. 


iUeh.the  cloud  of 
his  light. 


18  Because  there  is  wrath,  beware  lest  He  take  thee  away  with  his 

Then,  *a  great  ransom  cannot  tdehver  thee.  [stroke  : 

1^  Will  'He  esteem  thy  riches  ? 

No !  not  gold,  nor  all  the  forces  of  strength. 
20  Desire  not  the  night, 

When  people  are  cut  off  in  their  place. 
~i  Take  heed,  '"regard  not  iniquity  : 

For  "this  hast  thou  chosen  rather  than  affliction. 
2^  "  Behold  !  God  exalteth  by  his  power  : 

Who  "teacheth  like  him  ? 
"3  Who  ^hath  enjoined  him  his  way  ? 

Or  ''who  can  say,  '  Thou  hast  wrought  iniquity  ? ' 
2-*  Remember  that  thou  '^magnify  his  work, 

Which  men  behold. 
-^  Every  man  may  see  it ; 

Man  may  behold  it  afar  off. 
26  Behold  !  God  is  great,  and  'we  know  him  not, 

Neither  'can  the  number  of  his  years  be  searched  out. 
-''  For  he  "maketh  small  the  drops  of  water : 

They  pour  down  rain  according  to  the  vapor  thereof : 

28  Which  "the  clouds  do  drop 

And  distil  upon  man  abundantly. 

29  Also  can  any  "understand  the  spreadings  of  the  clouds, 
Or  the  noise  of  his  tabernacle  ? 

^'^  Behold  !  he  spreadeth  his  light  upon  it, 

And  covereth  *the  bottom  of  the  sea. 
^^  For  ""by  them  judgeth  he  the  people  ; 

He  ^giveth  meat  in  abundance. 

32  With  'clouds  he  covereth  the  light ; 

And  commandeth  it  not  to  shine  by  the  cloud  that  cometh  betwixt. 

33  The  "noise  thereof  showeth  concerning  it. 
The  cattle  also  concerning  tthe  vapor. 

1  At  this  also  my  heart  trembleth, 
And  is  moved  out  of  his  place. 

2  iHear  attentively  the  noise  of  his  voice, 
And  the  sound  that  goeth  out  of  his  mouth. 

3  He  directeth  it  under  the  whole  heaven, 

And  his  *lightning  unto  the  tends  of  the  earth. 
^  After  it  ''a  voice  roareth  : 
He  thundereth  with  the  voice  of  his  excellency ; 
And  he  will  not  stay  them  when  his  voice  is  heard. 

5  God  thundereth  marvellously  with  his  voice ; 

Great  'things  doeth  he,  which  we  cannot  comprehend. 

6  For  ''he  saith  to  the  snow,  '  Be  thou  on  the  earth  ; ' 

^Likewise  to  the  small  rain,  and  to  the  great  rain  of  his  strength. 
■^  He  sealeth  up  the  hand  of  every  man ; 
That  'all  men  may  know  his  work. 

8  Then  the  beasts  -^go  into  dens, 
And  remain  in  their  places. 

9  *Out  of  the  south  cotncth  the  whirlwind : 
And  cold  out  of  the  t north. 

1°  By  'the  breath  of  God  frost  is  given  : 

And  the  breadth  of  the  waters  is  straitened. 

11  Also  by  watering  he  wearieth  the  thick  cloud : 
He  scattereth  this  bright  cloud  : 

12  And  it  is  turned  round  about  by  his  counsels : 

That  they  may  Mo  whatsoever  He  commandeth  them 


Job  xxxvii. 


72  GOD   APPEARETH   TO  JOB   AND   HIS  FRIENDS.         [Period  II. 

Upon  the  face  of  the  world  in  the  earth. 
^fsa!^"i2!'i^'i9.  ^^  He  'causeth  it  to  come,  whether  for  ^correction, 

is^lf  Ezmio^g;       ^*"  ^^^  '^'^  ^^"^'  ^^  ^^^  mercy. 
ch'.|i.3i.&38:  1"*  "  Hearken  mito  this,  OJob! 

*  uehlarod.  Stand  Still,  and  •'consider  the  wondrous  works  of  God. 

j  Ps.  111.  2.         15  Dost  thou  know  when  God  disposed  them, 
And  caused  the  light  of  his  cloud  to  shine  ? 
^^  Dost  thou  know  the  balancings  of  the  clouds, 
fcsee  ch.36.4,5.       The  woudrous  works  of  ^him  which  is  perfect  in  knowledge? 
^''  How  thy  garments  are  warm. 

When  lie  quieteth  the  earth  by  the  south  wind  ? 
I  See  Gen.  1.1, 6.  18  jjast  thou  with  him  'spread  out  the  sky. 

Which  is  strong,  and  as  a  molten  looking-glass  ? 
^^  Teach  us  what  we  shall  say  unto  him ; 

For  we  cannot  order  our  speech  by  reason  of  darkness. 
-^  Shall  it  be  told  him  that  I  speak  ? 

If  a  man  speak,  surely  he  shall  be  swallowed  up. 

^^  "  And  now  men  see  not  the  bright  light  which  is  in  the  clouds: 
But  the  wind  passeth,  and  cleanseth  them. 
fHeb.  Gold.       22  jYmr  weather  cometh  out  of  the  north  : 

With  God  is  terrible  majesty. 
m  1  Tim.  c.  iG.     23  Touchiug  the  Almighty,  '"we  cannot  find  him  out : 
n  See  ch.  36. 5.         He  "is  excellent  in  power,  and  in  judgment. 
And  in  plenty  of  justice — he  will  not  afflict. 
o  Matt.  10. 28.      24  j^jgj^  ^q  therefore  "fear  him  ;    - 
^I'^c'or.'i.^bef'  He  respecteth  not  any  that  are  ^wise  of  heart." 

Section  XXII. — God  appeareth  to  Job  and  his  Friends. 

Job  xxxviii.  to  xl.  1,  2. 


God  chcdlengeth  Job  to  answer.  4  God,  by  his  mighty  works,  convinceth  Job  of  ignorance,  31  and 
of  imbecility.  —  Chap,  xxxix.  1  Of  the  wild  goats  a7ul  hinds.  5  Of  tJie  wild  ass.  9  The  unicorn. 
13  The  peacock,  stork,  and  ostrich.     19  Tlie  horse.    26  The  hawk.     27  The  eagle. 


"lo^illfg  ^1  kT        ^  Then  the  Lord  answered  Job  "out  of  the  whirlwind,  and  said : — 

ipiii.  Ez.  1. 4!  2  (I  Who  'is  this  that  darkeneth  counsel 
b  ch  42  3.  ^y  "words  without  knowledge  ? 

c  1  Tim.  1. 7.  ^  Gird  ''up  now  thy  loins  like  a  man  ; 
d  ch.  40. 7.  por  I  will  demand  of  thee,  and  *answer  thou  me. 

*w:  '""^'^  ""  ^  "  Where  Svast  thou  when  I  laid  the  foundations  of  the  earth? 

eSeeGc.  1. 1.  Dcclarc,  fif  thou  hast  understanding, 

t  Heb.  ifthoii  5  Who  hath  laid  the  measures  thereof,  if  thou  knowest  ? 

knowest  under-  iiii-  •     -^ 

standing.  Or  who  iiath  stictchcd  the  line  upon  it? 

t^H^^h.  sockets.       6  Whereupon  are  the  I  foundations  thereof  *fastened? 

sink.'  ™  "  "       Or  who  laid  the  corner-stone  thereof ; 
/Gen.  1. 16.  7  When  -^the  morning  stars  sang  together, 

^<=''- 1-  6-  And  all  °the  sons  of  God  shouted  for  joy  ? 

ASeeGe.  1.  J,9.  8  a  Qj.  A^yho  sllUt  Up    tllC  SCa  with    doorS, 

When  it  brake  forth,  as  if  it  had  issued  out  of  the  womb  ? 
^  When  I  made  the  cloud  the  garment  thereof. 
And  thick  darkness  a  swaddling-band  for  it, 
t  Or, estabiuhed    10  j^j^^  fbiakc  up  for  it  my  decreed  i)lacc, 

myaecreeupontt,  »       i  1 

ch.  26. 10.  And  set  bars  and  doors, 

t Hob. the p,ide of  ^^  ^"'^  ^^i<^''  'Hitherto  shalt  thou  come,  but  no  further: 
thy  wavrs.  Ps.       And  hcrc  shall  tthv  oroud  waves  be  stayed?' 

65.7.&69.9.&  i.T  ,,  TT  1  111  •  ■  *l        J 

93. 4.  &  107. 29.  ^2  "  Hast  thou  'commanded  the  morning  since  thy  days  j 

^Mat.8^2G.^  &       ^"fl  caused  the  dayspring  to  know  his  place  ; 
'1-^.5.  ■     ■      13  That  it  might  take  hold  of  the  *ends  of  the  earth, 
Vh.''37.'3T' '°        '^'^^^^  ^^'^^  wicked  might  be  shaken  out  of  it  ? 
j  Seech.  18.17.    ^"^  It  Js  tumcd  as  clay  to  the  seal ; 


Part  II.] 


GOD'S  ADDRESS  TO  JOB. 


73 


k  ch.  18.  5. 
I  Ps.  10.  15. 
m  Ps.  77.  19. 


t  Or,  at. 


p  Exod.  9.  18. 
Jos.  10.  11.     Is 
30.  30.     Ez.  13 
11,  13.   Rev.  m 
21. 


5  ch.  28.  26. 


±  Heb.  is  taken. 
ch.  37.  10. 

*  Or,     the    seven 
stars.  Heb.  Chi- 
mah.  ch.  9.  9. 
Am.  5.  8, 

t  Heb.  Cesil. 
I  Or,  the  twelve 
signs. 

*  Heh.guidetkem. 
u  Jer.  31.  35. 


t  Heb.  Behold  us. 


X  Heb.    wlw    can 

cause  to  lie  down. 
*  Or,     Pfhen    the 

dust    is     turned 

into  mire. 
f  Heb.  is  poured, 
w  Ps.  104.  21.  & 

145.  15. 
X  Heb.  the  life. 


%  See   Ge.  1.  29, 
30. 


And  they  stand  as  a  garment. 

And  from  the  wicked  their  ''hght  is  withholden, 

And  'the  high  arm  shall  be  broken. 

^^  "Hast  thou  '"entered  into  the  springs  of  the  sea? 

Or  hast  thou  walked  in  the  search  of  the  depth  ? 
Have  "the  gates  of  death  been  opened  unto  thee  ? 

Or  hast  thou  seen  the  doors  of  the  shadow  of  death  ? 

Hast  thou  perceived  the  breadth  of  the  earth  ? 

Declare  if  thou  knowest  it  all  ? 

19  u  Where  is  the  way  where  hght  dwelleth  ? 

And  as  for  darkness,  where  is  the  place  thereof, 

That  thou  shouldest  take  it  tto  the  bound  thereof, 

And  that  thou  shouldest  know  the  paths  to  the  house  thereof? 

Knowest  thou  it,  because  thou  wast  then  born  ? 

Or  because  the  number  of  thy  days  is  great  ? 

^-  "  Hast  thou  entered  into  "the  treasures  of  the  snow  ? 

Or  hast  thou  seen  the  treasures  of  the  hail. 

Which  ^1  have  reserved  against  the  time  of  trouble, 

Against  the  day  of  battle  and  war  ? 
24  a  gy  ^i^g^t  ^.^y  is  the  light  parted, 

Which  scattereth  the  east  wind  upon  the  earth  ? 

Who  'hath  divided  a  watercourse  for  the  overflowing  of  waters, 

Or  a  way  for  the  lightning  of  thunder  ; 

To  cause  it  to  rain  on  the  earth,  where  no  man  is; 

On  the  wilderness,  wherein  there  is  no  man  ; 

To  '"satisfy  the  desolate  and  waste  ground  ; 

And  to  cause  the  bud  of  the  tender  herb  to  spring  forth  ? 
-^  "  Hath  ''the  rain  a  father  ? 

Or  who  hath  begotten  the  drops  of  dew  ? 

Out  of  whose  womb  came  the  ice  ? 

And  the  'hoary  frost  of  heaven,  who  hath  gendered  it? 

The  waters  are  hid  as  with  a  stone. 

And  the  face  of  the  deep  tis  frozen. 

31  "  Canst  thou  bind  the  sweet  influences  of  *Pleiades, 

Or  loose  the  bands  of  tOrion  ? 
'  Canst  thou  bring  forth  tMazzaroth  in  his  season  ? 

Or  canst  thou  *guide  Arcturus  with  his  sons  ? 
'  Knowest  thou  "the  ordinances  of  heaven  ? 

Canst  thou  set  the  dominion  thereof  in  the  earth  ? 
■■  Canst  thou  lift  up  thy  voice  to  the  clouds. 

That  abundance  of  waters  may  cover  thee  ? 
'  Canst  thou  send  lightnings,  that  they  may  go, 

And  say  unto  thee,  '  tHere  we  are  ? ' 
'  Who  "hath  put  wisdom  in  the  inward  parts  ? 

Or  who  hath  given  understanding  to  the  heart  ? 
'  Who  can  number  the  clouds  in  wisdom  ? 

Or  twho  can  stay  the  bottles  of  heaven, 
'  *When  the  dust  tgroweth  into  hardness. 

And  the  clods  cleave  fast  together? 

39  u  -yyriit  '"thou  hunt  the  prey  for  the  lion  ? 

Or  fill  tthe  appetite  of  the  young  lions, 
'  When  they  couch  in  their  dens. 

And  abide  in  the  covert  to  lie  in  wait  ? 

Who  ""provideth  for  the  raven  his  food  ? 

When  his  young  ones  cry  unto  God, 

They  wander  for  lack  of  meat.  Job  xxxi.^. 

^  Knowest  thou  the  time  when  the  wild  goats  of  the  rocK  bring  forth  ? 
10  G 


74  GOD'S  ADDRESS  TO  JOB.  [Period  II. 

yPs. 29. 9.  Qj.  ganst  thou  mark  when  ''the  hinds  do  calve?  Job  xxxix. 

^  Canst  thou  number  the  months  that  they  fulfil  ? 

Or  knowest  thou  the  time  when  they  bring  forth  ? 
^  They  bow  themselves,  they  bring  forth  their  young  ones, 

They  cast  out  their  sorrows. 
^  Their  young  ones  are  in  good  liking,  they  grow  up  with  corn ; 
They  go  forth,  and  return  not  unto  them. 

^  "  Who  hath  sent  out  the  wild  ass  free  ? 
Or  who  hath  loosed  the  bands  of  the  wild  ass  ? 
z  rfi.  24.  5.  Je.  2.    6  Whosc  'houso  I  have  made  the  wilderness, 
*neh.  salt  places.       And  the  *barren  land  his  dwellings. 

'  He  scorneth  the  multitude  of  the  city, 
Neither  regardeth  he  the  crying  tof  the  driver. 
The  range  of  the  mountains  is  his  pasture, 
And  he  searcheth  after  every  green  thing. 

0  c(  ^J^\\\  "the  unicorn  be  willing  to  serve  thee, 
Or  abide  by  thy  crib  ? 
^°  Canst  thou  bind  the  unicorn  with  his  band  in  the  furrow  ? 

Or  will  he  harrow  the  valleys  after  thee  ? 
^^  Wilt  thou  trust  him,  because  his  strength  is  great? 

Or  wilt  thou  leave  thy  labor  to  him  ? 
^2  Wilt  thou  beheve  him,  that  he  will  bring  home  thy  seed, 
And  gather  it  into  thy  barn  ? 

^^  "  Gavest  thou  the  goodly  wings  unto  the  peacocks  ? 
XOr  the  feathers       Or  twiugs  and  feathers  unto  the  ostrich  ? 

nf  the  stork  and    .  . .o  . 


of  the  stork  and 


ostrich.  1-i  Which  leaveth  her  eggs  in  the  earth, 

And  warmeth  them  in  dust, 
'^  And  forgetteth  that  the  foot  may  crush  them, 
Or  that  the  wild  beast  may  break  them. 
6  Lara.  4. 3.        16  gjig  is  'hardened  against  her  young  ones,  as  though    they  were   not 
Her  labor  is  in  vain  without  fear  ;  [hers : 

^"^  Because  God  hath  deprived  her  of  wisdom, 
ech.  35. 11.  Neither  hath  he  "^imparted  to  her  understanding. 

^^  What  time  she  lifteth  up  herself  on  high, 
She  scorneth  the  horse  and  his  rider. 

1^  "  Hast  thou  given  the  horse  strength  ? 
Hast  thou  clothed  his  neck  with  thunder  ? 
2"  Canst  thou  make  him  afraid  as  a  grasshopper  ? 
*  "«''•  '*^'^^-  The  glory  of  his  nostrils  *is  terrible. 

]Ot,His  feet  dig.  21  ffje  pawcth  in  the  valley,  and  rejoiceth  in  his  strength: 
<fje.  8. 6.  He  "^goeth  on  to  meet  tthe  armed  men. 

tHeb.  tAeam«..  g,  ^^  mockcth  at  fcar,  and  is  not  aflrighted ; 
Neither  turneth  he  back  from  the  sword, 
^^  The  quiver  rattleth  against  him. 

The  glittering  spear  and  the  shield. 
^^  He  swalloweth  the  ground  with  fierceness  and  rage : 

Neither  bclieveth  he  that  it  is  the  sound  of  the  trumpet. 
2^  He  saith  among  the  trumpets,  '  Ha !  ha  ! ' 
And  he  smellcth  the  battle  afar  off, 
The  thunder  of  the  captains,  and  the  shouting. 

26  "  Doth  the  hawk  fly  by  tliy  wisdom, 
And  stretch  her  wings  toward  the  South  ? 
*mauth!'^  ^^      ^^  ^^^'^  ^^^  ^^g^^  mount  up  *at  thy  command, 
e. Tor.  49.  iG.  And  ^uakc  her  nest  on   high  ? 

oimd.  4.  28  gf^g  dwelleth  and  abideth  on  the  rock. 

Upon  the  crag  of  the  rock,  and  the  strong  place. 
2^  From  thence  she  secketh  the  prey, 


Part  II.] 


/Mat.  24.  28. 


GOD'S  ADDRESS  TO  JOB. 

And  her  eyes  behold  afar  off. 
20  Her  young  ones  also  suck  up  blood : 
And  ^where  the  slain  are,  there  is  she." 


75 


g  ch.  33.  13. 


SECT.  xxm. 


a  Ezra  9.  6.  ch. 
42.6.    Ps.  51.4. 


SECT.   XXIV. 

a  See  Ge.  3. 8.ch. 

38.  1. 

b  ch.  38.  3. 
e  ch.  42.  4. 
d  Ps.  51.  4.  Rom. 

3.4. 


ech.   37.   4.    Ps. 

29.  3,  4. 
/Ps.  93.  1.&104. 

1. 


o- la.  2. 12.  Dan.  4. 
37. 


*  Or,  the  dephant, 
as  some  think. 
[Others  are  of 
opinion  that  the 
hippopotamus,  or 
river-horse,  is 
here  meant. — 
Ed.-] 

t  Or,  He  setteth 
up. 


{  lleb.opprcsseth. 

*  Or,  Will  amj  take 
him  in  his  sight, 
or  bore  his  nose 
with  a  gitil  ch. 
41.  1,  2. 


1  Moreover  the  Lord  answered  Job,  and  said  : —  Jo»  ^^• 

2  "Shall  he  that  ^contendeth  with  the  Almighty  instruct  Him? 
He  that  reproveth  God,  let  him  answer  it." 

Section  XXIII. — Self- Abasement  of  Job. 
Job  xl.  3-5. 
3  Then  Job  answered  the  Lord,  and  said  : — 

4  "  Behold,  "I  am  vile  ! — what  shall  I  answer  thee  ? 
I  'will  lay  my  hand  upon  my  mouth, 

5  Once  have  I  spoken — but  I  will  not  answer : 
Yea,  twice — ^but  I  will  proceed  no  further." 

Section  XXIV. — Address  of  God  to  Job  concluded. 

Job  xl.  6,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  xli. 

God  stirreth  Job  up  to  show  his  righteousness,  power,  and  wisdom.  13  Of  the  behemoth.  — Chap.  jdi. 

Of  God's  great  poiver  in  the  leviathan. 

6  Then  ''answered  the  Lord  unto  Job  out  of  the  whirlwind,  and 
^  "■  Gird  'up  thy  loins  now  like  a  man  :  [said  : — 

I  'will  demand  of  thee,  and  declare  thou  unto  me. 

8  Wilt  "^thou  also  disannul  my  judgment? 

Wilt  thou  condemn  me,  that  thou  mayest  be  righteous  ? 

9  Hast  thou  an  arm  like  God  ? 

Or  canst  thou  thunder  with  'a  voice  like  him  ? 
^^  Deck  ^thyself  now  with  majesty  and  excellency  ; 
And  array  thyself  with  glory  and  beauty. 

11  Cast  abroad  the  rage  of  thy  wrath : 

And  behold  every  one  that  is  proud,  and  abase  him. 

12  Look  on  every  one  that  is  "proud,  and  bring  him  low ; 
And  tread  down  the  wicked  in  their  place. 

13  Hide  them  in  the  dust  together ; 
And  bind  their  faces  in  secret. 

^4  Then  will  I  also  confess  unto  thee 

That  thine  own  right  hand  can  save  thee. 

15  "  Behold  now  *behemoth,  which  I  made  with  thee ; 

He  eateth  grass  as  an  ox. 
1^  Lo  now,  his  strength  is  in  his  loins. 

And  his  force  is  in  the  navel  of  his  belly. 
1''  tHe  moveth  his  tail  like  a  cedar : 

The  sinews  of  his  stones  are  wrapped  together. 
1^  His  bones  are  as  strong  pieces  of  brass ; 

His  bones  are  like  bars  of  iron. 
13  He  is  the  chief  of  the  ways  of  God  : 

He  that  made  him  can  make  his  sword  to  approach  unto  him. 
-^  Surely  the  mountains  ''bring  him  forth  food, 

Where  all  the  beasts  of  the  field  play. 

21  He  lieth  under  the  shady  trees. 

In  the  covert  of  the  reed,  and  fens. 

22  The  shady  trees  cover  him  with  their  shadow ; 
The  willows  of  the  brook  compass  him  about. 

23  Behold,  he  tdrinketh  up  a  river,  and  hasteth  not : 

He  trusteth  that  he  can  draw  up  Jordan  into  his  mouth. 

24  *He  taketh  it  with  his  eyes  : 

His  nose  pierceth  through  snares. 


76 


GOD'S  ADDRESS  TO  JOB. 


[Period  II. 


t  That  is,  a  whale, 
or,  a  whirlpool. 
Ps.  104.  26.  Is. 
27.  1.  [The  Levi- 
athan here  de- 
scribed is,  in  the 
opinion  of  Bo- 
chart,  the  crocn- 
diU.  The  de- 
scription suits  no 
other  amphibious 
animal  at  present 
known. — Ed.] 

X  Heb.   drownest. 

i  Is.  37.  29. 


^  "  Canst  thou  draw  out  tleviathan  with  a  hook  ? 

Or  his  tongue  with  a  cord  which  thou  tlettest  down  ? 
^  Canst  thou  ^put  a  hook  into  his  nose  ? 

Or  bore  his  jaw  through  witli  a  thorn  ? 
^  Will  he  make  many  supplications  unto  thee  ? 

Will  he  speak  soft  ivorcJs  unto  thee  ? 
*  Will  he  make  a  covenant  with  thee  ? 

Wilt  thou  take  him  for  a  servant  for  ever  ? 
^  Wilt  thou  play  with  him  as  ivith  a  bird  ? 

Or  wilt  thou  bind  him  for  thy  maidens  ? 
^  Shall  thy  companions  make  a  banquet  of  him  ? 

Shall  they  part  him  among  the  merchants  ? 
"^  Canst  thou  fill  his  skin  with  barbed  irons  ? 


Job  xU 


Or  his  head  with  fish  s 


pears 


jKom.  11.  35. 
Mat.  16.  27. 


t  Heb.   stro, 
pieces  ofsh 


^  Lay  thy  hand  upon  him — remember  the  battle,  do  no  more. 
^  Behold !  the  hope  of  him  is  in  vain : 

Shall  not  one  be  cast  down  even  at  the  sight  of  him  ? 
^°  None  is  so  fierce  that  dare  stir  him  up : 

Who  then  is  able  to  stand  before  me  ? 
^^  Who  ^hath  prevented  me,  that  I  should  repay  him  ? 

Whatsoever  ^is  under  the  whole  heaven  is  mine. 
^2  1  will  not  conceal  his  parts,  nor  his  power. 

Nor  his  comely  proportion. 
^2  Who  can  discover  the  face  of  his  garment  ? 

Or  who  can  come  to  him  *with  his  double  bridle  ? 
^■*  Who  can  open  the  doors  of  his  face  ? 

His  teeth  are  terrible  round  about. 
^^  His  tscales  are  his  pride, 

Shut  up  together  as  with  a  close  seal. 
^^  One  is  so  near  to  another, 

That  no  air  can  come  between  them. 
"  They  are  joined  one  to  another. 

They  stick  together,  that  they  cannot  be  sundered. 
^^  By  his  neesings  a  light  doth  shine. 

And  his  eyes  are  like  the  eyelids  of  the  morning. 
^^  Out  of  his  mouth  go  burning  lamps, 

And  sparks  of  fire  leap  out. 
^^  Out  of  his  nostrils  goeth  smoke, 

As  out  of  a  seething  pot  or  caldron. 
2^  His  breath  kindlcth  coals, 

And  a  flame  goeth  out  of  his  mouth. 
22  In  his  neck  remaineth  strength, 

And  tsorrow  is  turned  into  joy  before  him. 
* Heh.  fauings.    23  The  *flakes  of  his  flesh  are  joined  together: 

They  are  firm  in  themselves ;  they  cannot  be  moved. 
2^  His  heart  is  as  firm  as  a  stone  ; 

Yea,  as  hard  as  a  piece  of  the  nether  millstone. 
2^  When  he  raiseth  up  himself,  the  mighty  are  afraid : 

By  reason  of  breakings  they  purify  themselves. 
26  The  sword  of  him  that  layeth  at  him  cannot  hold : 

The  spear,  the  dart,  nor  the  thabergeon. 
^''  He  esteemeth  iron  as  straw, 

And  brass  as  rotten  wood. 

28  The  arrow  cannot  make  him  flee : 
Slingstones  are  turned  with  him  into  stubble. 

29  Darts  are  counted  as  stubble : 
He  laugheth  at  the  shaking  of  a  spear. 


%  Heb.  I 
joiceth. 


t  Or,  breastplate. 


Part  II.]  RESTORATION  OF  JOB'S  PROSPERITY.  77 

*^utlJd."''^  "^  ^^  Sharp  tstones  are  under  him  : 

He  spreadeth  sharp-pointed  things  upon  the  mire. 

21  He  maketh  the  deep  to  boil  lii<^e  a  pot : 
He  maketh  the  sea  like  a  pot  of  ointment. 

2^  He  maketli  a  path  to  shine  after  him  ; 
One  would  think  the  deep  to  be  hoary. 

22  Upon  the  earth  there  is  not  his  like, 
fOr,  mo  behave       *Who  is  made  without  fear. 

themselves    witJi-   „.   ^-.      ,      ,      ,  ,      ,        ,,   ,  •     ,       ,  ■ 

outfear.  34  jjg  beholdctli  all  high  thmgs  : 

He  is  a  king  over  all  the  children  of  pride." 


Section  XXV. — Entire  Suhmission  of  Job. 

SECT.  XXV.  Job  xlii.  1-G. 

1  Then  Job  answered  the  Lord  and  said : — 
"it.'#  Ma!*ro:    ^  "  I  know  that  Thou  "canst  do  every  thing, 
Lu^8  V^'  ^"<^  that  *no  thought  can  be  withholden  from  Thee. 

^  Or,  no  thought    ^  Who  ''is  hc  that  hideth  counsel  without  knowledge  ? 


Therefore  have  I  uttered  that  I  understood  not ; 
Things  ^too  wonderful  for  me,  which  I  knew  not. 
Hear,  I  beseech  Thee,  and  I  will  speak  : 


SECT.   XXVI. 


of  thine  can    be 

hindered. 
b  ch.  38.  2. 
CP3.40.5.&  131. 

1.  &  139.  6. 

d  ch.  38. 3.  &  40.       I  ''will  demand  of  Thee,  and  declare  Thou  unto  me. 
^  I  have  heard  of  Thee  by  the  hearing  of  the  ear  : 
But  now  mine  eye  seeth  Thee. 
e Seech. 40. 4.      6  Whercforc  I  "abhor  myself, 
/ja.4. 10.  And  -^repent  in  dust  and  ashes." 

Section  XXVI. — Restoration  of  Job's  Prosperity. 

Job  xlii.  7,  to  the  end. 

God,  -preferring  Job's  cause,  maketh  his  friends  submit  themselves,  and  accepteth  him.     10  He  mxig- 

nifietii  and  blesselh  Job.     16  Job's  age  and  death. 

''  And  it  was  so,  that  after  the  Lord  had  spoken  these  words  unto 
Job,  the  Lord  said  to  Eliphaz  the  Temanite,  "  My  wrath  is  kindled 
against  thee,  and  against  thy  two  friends ;  for  ye  have  not  spoken  of 
me  the  thing  that  is  right,  as  my  servant  Job  hath.  ^  Therefore  take 
unto  you  now  "seven  bullocks  and  seven  rams,  and  ''go  to  my  servant 
Job,  and  offer  up  for  yourselves  a  burnt  offering,  and  my  servant  Job 
shall  'pray  for  you  ;  for  *him  will  I  accept :  lest  I  deal  with  you  after 
your  folly,  in  that  ye  have  not  spoken  of  me  the  thing  tvhich  is  right, 
like  my  servant  Job." 

3  So  Eliphaz  the  Temanite  and  Bildad  the  Shuhite  and  Zophar  the 
Naamathite  went,  and  did  according  as  the  Lord  commanded  them : 

t  Heb.  the  face  of    thc  LoRD  alsO  aCCCptcd    t  Job. 

d"?!.' 14. 7.  &  i'^  And  ''the  Lord  turned  tiie  captivity  of  Job,  when   he  prayed  for 

126. 1.  i^jg  friends  ;  also  the  Lord  tgave  Job  twice  as  much  as  he  had  before. 

X  Heb.  added  all  11  Thcu  Came  thcrc  unto  him  "all  his  brethren,  and  all  his  sisters,  and 
Job    unt^''''th'e  all  they  that  had  been  of  his  acquaintance  before,  and  did  eat  bread 

esTe^ch.  w.^^s."^  with  him  in  his  house  :  and  they  bemoaned  him,  and  comforted  him 
over  all  the  evil  that  the  Lord  had  brought  upon  him  ;  every  man  also 
gave  him  a  piece  of  money,  and  every  one  an  earring  of  gold. 

/See  Gen.  1.  22.  ^^  So  tlic  LoRD  ■'blcssed  thc  latter  end  of  Job  more  than  his  be- 
11."  ■  ■  ^'  ■     ginning ;    for   he   had   "fourteen   thousand   sheep,   and  six   thousand 

g- Seech.  1.3.      c^mcls,  and  a  thousand  yoke  of  oxen,  and  a  thousand  she  asses.  ^^He 

Ach.  1. 2.  ''had  also  seven  sons  and  three  daughters.  ^^And  he  called  the  name 

of  the  first,  Jemima ;  and  the  name  of  the  second,  Kezia ;  and  the 
name  of  the  third,  Keren-happuch.  ^^And  in  all  the  land  were  no 
women  found  so  fair  as  the  daughters  of  Job ;  and  their  father  gave 
them  inheritance  among  their  brethren.  ^^  After  this  lived  Job  an 
hundred  and  forty  years,  and  saw  his  sons,  and  his  sons'  sons,  even 
four  generations.  ^^  So  Job  died,  being  'old  and  full  of  days. 

*G 


a  Nu.  23.  1. 

6  Mat.  5.  24 

c  Ge.  20.  17, 
5.  15,  IC.  1 
5.16: 

,  Ja. 
John 

*Heb.   his 
or,  person. 
25. 35.  Mai 

face, 
ISa. 
.1.8. 

7S  THE  LIFE  OF  ABRAHAM.  [Period  II. 

SECT.   I. 

—  PART    III. 

A.  M.  2008. 

B.C.  1996.  rpjjE    LJPE    Qp    ABRAHAM.(5) 

Hajles,  2153. 

Haran.  SECTION  I. — Fvom  the  Birth  of  Ahram  till  his  Return  from  Egypt, 

a  Ge.  15.  2.  &  16.  Gen.  xi.  27,  to  the  end,  chap.  xii.  a7id  xiii.  1. 
;,  V'  ^7^  A^^'?^!'    The  generations  of  Terah  the  father  of  Abram.     31  Terah  goeth  from  Ur  to  Haran.  —  Chap.  xii.  1 

n'  in  iQ  '  ^o(^  caileth  Abram,  and  hlesseth  him  with  a  promise  of  Christ.     4  He  departeth  with  Lot  from 

c  Ge.  10.  19.  Haran.    6  Hejourneijeth  through  Canaan,  7  which  is  promised  him  in  a  vision.    10  He  rs  driven 

''o^7*  ■'i'  ^h^%'  ^y  famine  into  Egypt.    11  Fear  makelh  him  feign  his  wife  to  be  his  sister.    14  Pharaoh,  having 

A       3  He  li  8  ^^^'^'^  her  from  him,  by  plagues  is  compelled  to  restore  her.  —  Chap.  xiii.  1  Abram  and  Lot  return 

e  Ge  iV  16  &  15'  ""'  "^  Ki^VP^- 

5.L\i.b,G,\i  27  ]\foW  these  are  the  generations  of  Terah.  Terah  begat  Abram, 
2?;^.&4^i7;  Nahor,  and  Haran;  and  Haran  begat  Lot.  ^^  And  Haran  died  before 
i^'&  sl^i  u~t  his  father  Terah  in  the  land  of  his  nativity,  in  Ur  of  the  Chaldees. 
&46%.\^8.^4:  ^^  And  Abram  and  Nahor  took  them  wives :  the  name  of  Abram's 
kT'i^'^'n^  14'  wife  was  Sarai ;  and  the  name  of  Nahor's  wife,  Milcah,  the  daughter 
12! & 23.  lolW.  of  Haran,  the  father  of  Milcah,  and  the  father  of  Iscah.  2°  But  Sarai 
]i&^'t^%%"i.  "was  barren  ;  she  had  no  child.  ^^  And  Terah  took  Abram  his  son, 

2Sa.7.  9.  1  I" 
3.  8,  9.  &   4. 

23*:i;.~48.^i9?jl:  his  son  Abram's  wife  ;  and  they  went  forth  with  them  from  'Ur  of  the 
is"  ^u^n  12"  Chaldees,  to  go  into  'the  land  of  Canaan  ;  and  they  came  unto  Haran, 
Re.  1%.    '    '  and  dwelt  there.  '^^  And  the  days  of  Terah  were  two  hundred  and  five 

/Ge.  21.22.  & 24.  ,   ™         1       1-      1    •       TT 

35.  years:  and  lerah  died  in  Haran. 

^G^likTbai.       ^Now  the  Lord  "had' said  unto  Abram,  "  Get  thee  out     Gen.  xii. 

ugI\i  29  Ex  ^^  ^'^y  country,  and  from  thy  kindred,  and  from  thy  father's 

23.^22.  Nu.  24. 9^  house,  uuto  a  land  that  I  will  show  thee;  ^and  'I  will  make  of  thee 

'i8!'&'26^.'t^  a  great  nation,  •'and  I  will  bless  thee,  and  make  thy  name  great ;  ^and 

26  ^Ro^^%^'i(f'  th*^^  ^^^^^  ^^  ^  blessing:  ^and  ''I  will  bless  them   that  bless  thee,  and 

Ga.  3. 8, 16, 29.  cursc  liim  that  curseth  thee  ;  'and  in  thee  shall  all  families  of  the  earth 

Eph.  1. 3.  Re.  ,11,,, 

7.9.  be  blessed. 

•g"i4'i4^^"  ^  ^o  Abram  departed,  as  the  Lord  had  spoken  unto  him  ;  and  Lot 

k  Ge.  13.  15,  18.  went  with  him :  and  Abram  was  seventy  and  five  years  old  when  he 
Lt  24.^7.  &2c:  departed  out  of  Haran.  ^  And  Abram  took  Sarai  his  wife,  and  Lot  his 
%^if.'tm.t  brother's  son,  and  all  their  substance  that  they  had  gathered,  and  nhe 
^%^uM'\\^i  souls  that  they  had  gotten  in  Haran  ;  and  they  went  forth  to  go  into 
34.2,"i2,  &c.  be.  thc  kiid  of  Cauaau  ;  and  into  the  land  of  Canaan  they  came. 
26. 2, 3!''&  30.  c  And  Abram  pas.sed  through  the  land  unto  the   place  of  Sichem, 

^^)j.^^k%~?X  unto  thc  plain  of  Moreh.  And  the  Canaanite  was  then  in  the  land. 
Ac.  t!^^"^^'     '  And  the  Lord  appeared  unto  Abram,  and  said,  "  Unto  *thy  seed  will 

(=)  With  the  Life  of  Abraliam  the  Mosaic  history  earth  at  this  period  ;  we  shall  find  that  Abraham, 
may  be  said  to  commence  ;  all  that  precedes  being  in  complying  with  the  divine  command,  preached 
introductory  to  it.  Though  the  knowledge  of  the  tlie  true  religion  to  the  great  majority  of  mankind. 
One  True  God  was  not  entirely  banished  from  the  And  how  impressive  must  have  been  the  spectacle 
world,  yet  it  seems  to  have  been  so  generally  he  presented  to  the  world  !  A  rich  and  powerful 
united  with  Idolatrous  corruptions,  that  God  select-  prince,  attended  with  a  large  retinue  of  servants 
ed  one  family  from  the  rest  of  mankind,  to  preserve  and  retainers,  traverses  the  earth,  not  for  the  pur- 
uninterruptedly,  by  a  course  of  laws  and  institu-  poses  of  war  and  conquest,  as  so  many  various 
tions.  purity  of  religion,  and  belief  in  the  Messiah,  tribes  were  then  doing;  but  to  iircach  the  recovery 
For  tins  purpose  the  family  of  Abraham  was  chosen,  of  man  from  the  effects  of  the  Fall.  So  great  was 
His  father's  house  was  infected  with  the  prevalent  the  check  given  to  idolatry  by  this  dispensation  of 
idolatry  ;  but  God,  the  Angel  Jehovah  (Acts  vii.  2,  Providence,  that  the  effect  of  his  preachmg  remam- 
&c.),  appeared  to  Abraham,  and  commanded  liim  ed  in  some  families  till  the  age  of  Moses.  And  so 
to  leave  his  country,  and  kindred,  to  seek  another  universally  was  the  fame  of  this  great  man  extend- 
home  Abraham  at  this  time  dwelt  at  Ur,  in  dial-  ed,  and  so  abundant  is  the  evidence  for  the  truth 
dea;  and,  in  obedience  to  the  divine  will,  he  pro-  of  this  part  of  the  narration  of  Moses,  that  thc  an- 
ceeded  immediately  to  Haran  in  Mesopotamia,  cient  Persians,  the  Hindoos,  the  Jews,  tlie  Lace- 
where  his  father  Terah  died.  After  tiie  death  of  his  dcmonians,  and  the  Arabians,  have  at  various  times 
father,  the  Angel  Jehovah  again  appeared  to  hiin, and  united  in  celebrating  his  name,  and  declaring  tliat 
assured  him  tlTat  in  his  seed  "  all  thc  families  of  the  their  religion  in  its  purity  was  the  religion  of  Abra- 
earth  should  be  blessed."  He  then  commanded  ham.— Hales'  Analysis,  vol.  ii.  p.  124.— Vide  Hei- 
him  to  leave  Haran,  and  to  wander  over  the  earth  degger,  Exax.  3.  vol.  ii.  De  Abrahamo  ;  Bp.  Cum- 
as  he  should  be  directed  by  future  revelations.  berland's  Origincs  Gent.  p.  434,  &c. ;  Calmet,  art. 
If  we  consult  the  map  of  the  countries  through  Abraham;  Bayle's  Diet.;  Wilsius,  .^gypt.  lib.  3. 
which  Abraham  passed  ;  and  consider  at  the  same  cap.  12.  §  (i.  &c. ;  Law's  Theory  of  KcUgion,  p.  65 
time  the  probable  amount  of  the  populalion  of  the  Revehttion  examined  with  Candor,  vol.  li.  p.  216. 


Part  III.]  ABRAHAM  AT  GERAR.  79 

I  give  this  land."     And  there  builded  he  an  altar  unto  the  Lord,  who 
appeared  unto  him. 

*^And  he  removed  from  thence  unto  a  mountain  on  the  east  of 

Beth-el,  and  pitched  his  tent,  having  Beth-el  on  the  west,  and  Hai  on 

the  east ;  and  there  he  builded  an  altar  unto  the  Lord,  and  called  upon 

*Heb.  in  going  the  name  of  the  Lord.  ^  And  Abram  journeyed,  *going  on  still  toward 

andjmmieying.      ^i        ^i        j.\ 

Ge.i3. 3.  the  bouth. 

A.  M.  2084.  10  ^,^(1  there  was  'a  famine  in  the  land ;  and  Abram  ""went  down 

iGe^DG.r^"      into  Egypt  to  sojourn  there,  for  the  famine  was  grievous  in  the  land. 


m.  Ps.  105.  13. 


11  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  was  come  near  to  enter  into  Egypt, 
that  he  said  unto  Sarai  his  wife,  "  Behold  novv^,  I  know  that  thou  art 
a  fair  woman  to  look  upon ;  ^^  therefore  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when 
the  Egyptians  shall  see  thee,  that  they  shall  say.  This  is  his  wife  ; 
TiGe.ao.  11.  &  and  they  "will  kill  me,  but  they  will  save  thee  alive.  ^^  Say,  °I  pray 
o^'e.^'20. 5, 13.     thee,  thou  art  my  sister ;  that  it  may  be  well  with  me  for  thy  sake, 

SeeGe.Sti.  7.       ^^^  j^y   g^^}  ^\-y^\[  lj[yg  bccaUSC  of  thcO." 

I'l  And  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when  Abram  was  come  into  Egypt,  the 
p  jiatt.  5.28.       Egyptians  ''beheld  the  woman  that  she  was  very  fair.  ^^  The  princes  also 
of  Pharaoh  saw  her,  and  commended  her  before  Pharaoh  :  and  the  wo- 
man was  taken  into  Pharaoh's  house,  i*^  And  he  entreated  Abram  well  for 
her  sake  ;  and  he  had  sheep,  and  oxen,  and  he  asses,  and  menservants, 
'icii.  16.2L Ps.   and  maidservants,  and  she  asses,  and  camels.  ^^  And  the  Lord  'plagued 
105. i4. iie.  13.4.  fhaiaoh  and  his  house  with  great  plagues  because  of  Sarai  Abram's 
wife.  1^  And  Pharaoh  called  Abram,  and  said,  "  What  is  this  that  thou 
hast  done  unto  me  ?  why  didst  thou  not  tell  me  that  she  was  thy  wife  ? 
^^  Why  saidst  thou,  '  She  is  my  sister  ? '  so  I  might  have  taken  her  to 
me  to  wife  :  now  therefore  behold  thy  wife,  take  her,  and  go  thy  way." 
^^  And  Pharaoh  commanded  his  men  concerning  him  ;  and  they  sent 
him  away,  and  his  wife,  and  all  that  he  had. 

1  And  Abram  went  up  out  of  Egypt,  he,  and  his  wife,  and  all  that 
. he  had,  and  Lot  with  him,  into  the  South. 

SPPT     TT 

_1    ■  Section  II. — Ahraliayn  at  Gcrar. 

A.  M.  2107.  (6)Gen.  XX.  and  xiii.  2-4. 

B.  C.  1897.  Abraham  sojourneth  at  Gerar,  2  denieth  his  luife,  and  loseth  her.     3  Ahimdech  is  reproved  for  her 
Hales,  2077.  in  a  dream    9  He  rebuketh  Abraham,  14  restoreth  Sarah,  16  and  reproveth  her.  17  He  is  healed 

Probably  B.  C.  bij  Abraham's  prayer. 

^Gemf  ^  ^^^  Abraham  journeyed  from  thence  toward  the  south  country, 

— ■        and   dwelled   between    Kadesh   and   Shur,   and   sojourned  in  Gerar. 

« See Ge.  12. 13.  2 ^j^f|  Abraham  said  of  Sarah   his  wife,  "She  "is  my  sister;"  and 

Abimelech  king  of  Gerar  sent,  and  took   Sarah.  ^  But  God  came  to 

xlbimelech   in   a  dream  by  night,   and  said   to   him,  '•  Behold  !  thou 

art  but  a  dead  man,  for  the  woman  which  thou  hast  taken  ;  for  she  is 

(^)  This  arrangement  of  *chapter  xx.  is  made  on  omitted  to  observe,  in  confirmation  of  the  arrange- 

the  authority  of  BTshop  Horsley,  (Biblical  Criticisms,  ment  he  proposes,  that  it  was  not  probable  so  long 

vol.  i.  p.  69).     Abraham's  removal  to  Gerar,  he  ob-  a  space  of  time,  from  the  eighty-sixth  year  of  Abra- 

serves,  certainly  took  place  before  his  ninety-ninth  ham's    age,  when    Ishmael  was    born   (Gen.   xvi. 

year,  and  prior  to  the   birth  of  Isaac  :  for  when  he  16.),  till  his  ninety-ninth  year  (Gen.  xvii.  1.),  should 

was  ninety-nine,  Sarah  was  an  old  woman  ;  whereas  elapse,  without  the  occurrence  of  any  remarkable 

she  was  in  beauty,  and  an  object  of  desire,  when  he  events  ;  and  that  the  many  wonderful  circumstances 

first  arrived  in  Abimelech's  country.     The  appear-  related  in  chapters  xviii.,  xix.,  and  xx.,  should  all 

ance  of  the  Angel  Jehovah  too,  at  the  oak  of  Mam-  take  place   in   his  ninety-ninth  year,  immediately 

re  (an  event  confirmed  by  the  singular  fact,  that  preceding  the  birth  of  Isaac.     Neitheris  it  probable, 

this  oak  was  an  object  of  veneration,  and  pilgrimage,  that  the  distance  from  Mamre,  to  the  plain  of  Sodom, 

in  the  time  of  Constantine),  he  believes   to  have  and  from  thence   past  Mamre  again,  tlirough  the 

been  dift'erent  from  the  appearance  mentioned  in  the  whole  of  the  country  to  Gerar,  could  have  been  tra- 

seventeenth   chapter.     The   bishop,  however,  has  versed  in  one  year. — Vide  the  map  of  the  Holy  Land. 

[*  In  the  third  London  edition  of  this  work  this  chapter  is  inserted  before  the  17th,  i.  e.  between  the  account  of  Lot  and  his 
daughters  and  the  Renewal  of  the  Covenant ;  and  -Mr.  Townsend  gives  his  reasons  in  the  above  Note  ;  but,  by  a  mistake,  lias  referred 
it  to  the  17th  chapter.  In  the  4th  edition  he  has  departed  from  this  order,  without  assigning  any  reason  for  so  doing,  which  inclines 
me  to  the  belief  that  the  transposition  is  an  accidental  error  of  the  Printer.  The  circumstances  related  in  the  13th  to  tlie  lOUi 
chapters,  almost  prove  that  Abraham  could  not  have  been  at  Gerar  between  the  promise  of  a  son  and  the  birth  of  Isaac  ;  at  tlio 
least  tliern  being  only  a  year,  as  is  evident,  intervening  between  the  two  events,  Sarah  could  not  have  been  at  the  court  of  Abiniclorh 
without  lier  pregnancy  being  discovered.  See  Rosenmuller,  Scholia  in  Veins  Test,  in  Genesin,  chap.  xx.  p.  347, 3d  edition,  Lt  ij'-  '■■, 
i&21  ;  in  which  tlie  opinions  of  many  eminent  critics  are  cited  in  support  of  the  above  arrangement.     Ld.] 


so 


SEPARATION  OF  ABRAM  AND  LOT. 


[Period  II. 


*  Heb.  married  to 
a  husband. 


t  Or,  simplicity, 

or,  Mnctrity. 

2Ki..i0.3.  2  Co. 

1.  12. 
4Ge.31.7.  i.3o. 

5.  Ex.  3^J.  -24. 

1  Sa.  05.  26,  34. 

el  Sa.  7.  5.  2Ki. 

5.  II.  Job  42.8. 

Ja.  5.  14,  15. 

1  John  .').  16. 
d  Nu.  16.  32,  33. 


«  Gc.  2C.  10.  Ex. 
32. 21.  Jo*.  7. -25. 


/Gc.  42.  18.  Ph. 
36.  1.  Pr.  16.  6. 
g  Ge.  12.  12.  & 

2ii.  7. 
A  See  Ge.  11.  29. 


J  Heb.  as  is  good 
in  thine  eyes. 

a  Probably  shtk- 
eh,  in  value 
al>out  tiO  cpnts. 
Tlie  Rift  w«i 
tlicreloreSGOO.— 

h  Or,  il,  i.  e.  the 
money. — lUl. 

j  Job  12.9,  10.  J«. 
5.  I.'i,  16 

*  Go.  04.  3,-..   Ps. 

112.2,3.   I'r.  10. 

22.  Mat.  6.  33. 
IV».  116.  17. 


.SECT.    III. 

A.  M.  208G. 

B.C.  1918. 

Hale.,  2077. 

Canaan. 


♦  Hob.  inrn  breth- 
ren f  «oeGn    II, 
27-31.  Ex.2.  13. 
Ac.  7.  26.  P«. 
133.  I.  Ho.  13.1 

ft  Ge. 20. 15.  &  3-1 
10.  Ro.  12.  18. 

eOo.  19.24,2.1. 
d  See  Gc.  2.  10. 


*a  man's  wife."  ''  But  Abimelcch  had  not  come  near  her :  and  he 
said,  "  Lord,  wilt  thou  slay  also  a  righteous  nation  ?  ^  Said  he  not  unto 
me,  'She  is  my  sister?'  and  she,  even  she  herself,  said,  'He  is  my 
brother : '  in  the  ^integrity  of  my  heart  and  innocency  of  my  hands 
have  I  done  this."  ^  And  God  said  unto  him  in  a  dream,  '*  Yea,  I 
know  that  thou  didst  this  in  the  integrity  of  thy  heart ;  for  'I  also 
withheld  thee  from  sinning  against  me :  therefore  suffered  I  thee  not 
to  touch  her.  "  Now  therefore  restore  the  man  his  wife ;  'for  he  is  a 
prophet,  and  he  shall  pray  for  thee,  and  thou  shalt  live  :  and  if  thou 
restore  her  not,  "know  thou,  that  thou  shalt  surely  die,  thou,  and  all 
that  are  thine."  ^  Therefore  Abimelcch  rose  early  in  tlie  morning,  and 
called  all  his  .servants,  and  told  all  tlic.se  things  in  their  cars;  and  the 
men  were  sore  afraid.  '-'  Then  Abimelcch  called  Abraham,  and  said 
unto  him,  '•  What  hast  thou  done  unto  us?  and  what  have  I  offended 
thee,  'that  thou  hast  brought  on  me  and  on  my  kingdom  a  great  sin  ? 
thou  hast  done  deeds  unto  me  that  ought  not  to  be  done."  ^°  And 
Abimelech  said  unto  Abraliam,  '•  What  sawest  thou,  that  thou  hast 
done  this  thing?  "  ^*  And  Abraham  said,  "  Because  1  thought,  -^Surely 
tlie  fear  of  God  is  not  in  this  place  ;  and  ^they  will  slay  me  for  my 
wife's  sake.  '-  And  yet  indeed  ''she  is  my  sister ;  she  is  the  daughter 
of  my  father,  but  not  the  daughter  of  my  mother ;  and  she  became 
my  wife.  '^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  God  caused  me  to  wander 
from  my  father's  house,  that  I  said  unto  her,  '  This  is  thy  kindness 
which  thou  shalt  show  unto  me  ;  at  every  place  whither  we  shall  come, 
'say  of  me.  He  is  my  brother.'  " 

i»  And  Abimelcch  took  sheep,  and  oxen,  and  menservants,  and 
womenscrvants.  and  gave  them  unto  Abraham,  and  restored  him 
Sarah  his  wife.  '-^  And  Abimelech  said,  '-Behold!  my  land  is  before 
thee;  dwell  Iwhere  it  pleaseth  thee."  ^*^  And  unto  Sarah  he  said, 
"  Behold !  I  have  given  thy  brother  a  thousand  ''pieces  of  silver  : 
Behold  !  'he  is  to  thee  a  covering  of  the  eyes,  unto  all  that  are  with 
thee,  and  with  all  other :  "  thus  she  was  reproved. 

1'  So  Abraham  Sprayed  unto  God  ;  and  God  healed  Abimelcch,  and 
his  wife,  and  his  maidservants,  and  they  bare  children.  ^*  For  the 
Lord  had  fast  closed  up  all  the  wombs  of  the  hou.se  of  Abimelech, 
because  of  Sarah  Abraham's  wife. 

-  And  *Abram  was  very  rich  in  cattle,  in  silver,  and  in  gold.     Gf.n.  xiii. 
3  And  he  went  on  his  journeys  from  the  South  even  to  Bcth-el,         ^-4. 
unto  the  jjlacc  where  "his  tent  had  been  at  the  beginning,  between  Bethel 
and  ITai  ;  "  unto  the  place  of  the  altar,  which  he  had  made  there  at 
the  ffrst :   and  there  Abram  'called  on  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

Si:cTio.\  III. — Separation  of  Abram  and  Lot. 

Gen.  xiii.  .5-13. 

Ahram  ami  Lot  dha<:rfe  ami  iheij  pent.     10  Lot  ffortli  to  tricked  Sodom. 

■>  And  Lot  also,  which  Went  with  Abram,  had  flocks,  and  herds,  and 
tents.  "^  And  "the  land  was  notable  to  bear  them,  that  they  might  dwell 
together;  for  their  substance  was  great,  so  that  they  could  not  dwell 
together.  "^  And  there  was  a  strife  between  the  herdmen  of  Abram's 
cattle  and  the  herdmen  of  Lot's  cattle  ;  and  the  Canaanite  and  the 
Perizzite  dwelled  then  in  the  land.  «And  Abram  said  unto  Lot,  "Let 
there  be  no  strife.  I  i)rav  thee,  between  me  and  thee,  and  between  my 
herdmen  and  thy  herdmen;  for  we  be  •brethren.  "Ms  'not  the  whole 
land  before  thee  ?  separate  thvself,  I  prav  thee,  from  me  :  if  thou  wilt 
take  the  left  hand,  then  I  will  go  to  the  right;  or  if  thou  depart  to  the 
right  hand,  then  I  will  irf)  to  the  left."  '"  And  Lot  lifted  up  his  eyes, 
ami  beheld  all  the  plain  of  Jordan,  that  it  was  well  watered  every 
where,  before  the  Lord  'destroyed  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  even  ''as  the 


Part  III.] 


WAR  WITH  THE  FIVE  KINGS. 


81 


garden  of  the  Lord,  like  the  land  of  Egypt,  as  thou  comest  unto  Zoar. 

■^^Then  Lot  chose  him  all  the  plain  of  Jordan,  and  Lot  journeyed 

east ;  and  they  separated  themselves  the  one  from  the  other.  ^^  Abrani 

*i*6!49^'  l%e^l:  dwelled  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  Lot  dwelled  in  the  cities  of  the 

/6!'.6.u.&see  plaiu,  and  pitched  his  tent  toward  Sodom.  i=^But  the  men  of  Sodom 

ch.10.9.  ''were  wicked,  and  sinners  ■''before  the  Lord  exceedingly. 

Section  IV. — Renctval  of  the  Promise. 
Gen.  xiii.  14,  to  the  end. 

God  reneweth  the  promise  to  Abram.     18  He  removeth  to  Hebro7i,  and  there  buildeth  an  altar. 

1^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Abram,  after  that  Lot  was  separated  from 
him,  "  Lift  up  now  thine  eyes,  and  look  from  the  place  where  thou  art, 
"northward,  and  southward,  and  eastward,  and  westward  ;  '^  for  all  the 
land  which  thou  seest,  Ho  thee  will  I  give  it,  and  to  thy  seed  for  ever. 
16  And  1  will  make  thy  seed  as  the  dust  of  the  earth  ;  so  that  if  a 
man  can  number  the  dust  of  the  earth,  then  shall  thy  seed  also  be 
numbered.  ^^  Arise,  walk  through  the  land  in  the  length  of  it  and  in 
the  breadth  of  it ;  ''for  I  will  give  it  unto  thee."  ^^  Then  Abram  re- 
moved his  tent,  and  came  and  'dwelt  in  the  *plain  of  Mamre,  •'^which 
is  in  Hebron,  and  built  there  an  altar  unto  the  Lord. 

Section  V. —  War  with  the  five  Kings — TJie  Blessing  of  MelchizedeJc. 
Gen.    xiv. 
Tlie  battle  of  four  kins:s  against  fve.     11  Lot  is  taken  prisoner.     Abram  rescueth  him.     Melchizedek 
blesseth  Abram.     20  Abram  giveth  him  tithe.     22  The  rest  of  tlie  spoil,  his  partners  having  had 
their  portions,  he  restoreth  to  the  king  of  Sodom. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  days  of  Amraphel  king  of  Shinar, 
Arioch  king  of  Ellasar,  Chedorlaomer  king  of  Elam,  and  Tidal  king 
of  nations ;  ~  that  these  made  war  with  Bera  king  of  Sodom,  and 
with  Birsha  king  of  Gomorrah,  Shinab  king  of  "Admah,  and  Shemeber 
king  of  Zeboiim,  and  the  king  of  Bela,  wdiich  is  Zoar.  ^  All  these  were 
joined  together  in  the  vale  of  Siddim,  which  is  the  salt  sea.  ^  Twelve 
years  they  served  Chedorlaomer,  and  in  the  thirteenth  year  they  re- 
belled. ^And  in  the  fourteenth  year  came  Chedorlaomer,  and  the  kings 
that  were  with  him,  and  smote  Hhe  Rephaims  in  Ashteroth  Karnaim, 
and  'the  Zuzims  in  Ham,  and  the  Emims  in  *Shaveh  Kiriathaim,  ''and 
''the  Horites  in  their  Mount  Seir,  unto  tEl-paran,  which  is  by  the  wilder- 
ness, ''  And  they  returned,  and  came  to  En-mishpat,  which  is  Kadesh, 
and  smote  all  the  country  of  the  Amalekites,  and  also  the  Amorites, 
that  dwelt  'in  Hazezon-tamar.  ^  And  there  went  out  the  king  of  Sodom, 
and  the  king  of  Gomorrah,  and  the  king  of  Admah,  and  the  king  of 
Zeboiim,  and  the  king  of  Bela  (the  same  is  Zoar)  ;  and  they  joined 
battle  with  them  in  the  vale  of  Siddim  ;  ^  with  Chedorlaomer  the  king 
of  Elam,  and  with  Tidal  king  of  nations,  and  Amraphel  king  of 
Shinar,  and  Arioch  king  of  Ellasar ;  four  kings  with  five.  i°  And  the 
vale  of  Siddim  w^as  full  of  -^slimepits  ;  and  the  kings  of  Sodom  and 
Gomorrah  fled  and  fell  there  ;  and  they  that  remained  fled  °'to  the 
mountain.  ^^  And  they  took  all  the  goods  of  Sodom  and  Gomorrah,  and 
all  their  victuals,  and  went  their  way.  ^^  And  they  took  Lot,  Abram's 
brother's  son,  ''who  dwelt  in  Sodom,  and  his  goods,  and  departed. 

1^  And  there  came  one  that  had  escaped,  and  told  Abram  the  Hebrew  ; 
for  *he  dwelt  in  the  plain  of  Mamre  the  Amorite,  brother  of  Eshcol, 
and  brother  of  Aner  ;  and  these  were  confederate  with  Abram.  ^"^  And 
when  Abram  heard  that  his  brother  was  taken  captive,  he  tarmed  his 
*trained  servants,  born  in  his  own  house,  three  hundred  and  eighteen, 
and  pursued  them  'unto  Dan.  ^^  And  he  divided  himself  against  them, 
he  and  his  servants,  by  night,  and  *smote  them,  and  pursued  them  unto 
Hobah,  which  is  on  the  left  hand  of  Damascus.  ^^  And  he  brought  back 
all  the  goods,  and  also  brought  again  his  brother  Lot,  and  his  goods,  and 
11 


SECT.  IV. 

A.  M.  2091. 

B.  C.  1913. 
Hales,  2078. 

Oanaan. 

a  Ge.  28.  14. 
b  See  Ge.  12.  7. 
c  See  Ge.  12.  2. 
d  See  Ge.  12.  7. 
cGe.  14.13. 
*  Heb.  plains. 
/•Ge.35.  27.&37. 
14. 


SECT.   v. 

A.  M.  2092. 

B.  C.  1912. 
Hales,  2070. 

Vale  of  Siddim. 


a  Be.  29.  23.  Ho. 
11.8. 


t  Ge.  15.  20.   He. 

3.  11.  Jos.  12.4. 

&  13.  12. 
<;De.2. 10,  11,20. 
*  Or,  tlie  plain  of 

Kiriatliaim. 
d  De.  2.  12,  22. 
t  Or,  the  -plain  of 

Paran,Ge.  21.21. 

Nu.  12.ie.&13. 

3. 
e  2  Chr.  20.  2. 


g  Ge.  19. 17,  30. 


%  Or,  led  forth. 

*  Or,    instructed. 

Ge.  15.  3.  &  17. 

12,27.  Ec.  2.  7. 
jDe.  34.  1.     Ju. 

18.  29. 
fcls.  41.2,  3. 


82 


GOD'S  COVENANT  WITH  ABRAM. 


[Period  II- 


J  Ju.  11.34.  1  Sa. 
18.  6.  2  Sa.  6. 
16.  He.  7.  1. 


mPs.  110.4.  Zee. 

6. 13.  Ac.  16.  17. 

He.  3.  1.  &  5.  6. 

&  U.  20.  &  7.  17, 

21. 

n  See  Ge.  12. 2. 
0  See  Ge.  1.  1. 
p  See  Ge.  24.  27. 

q  Heb.  7.  4. 

f  Heb.  sends. 

rEx.6.8.  Da.  12. 
7.  Rev.  10.  5,  6. 
s  See  Ge.  1.  1. 
tSoEst.9. 15, 16. 


SECT.  VI. 

A.  M.  2093. 

B.  C.  1911. 

Hales,  2069. 

Canaan. 


a  Ge.  46.  2.  Nu. 
12.6.  Job  33.  14- 
17.  Ez.  1.  1.  Da. 
8.2.&10.  1.  Ho. 
12.  10.  Lu.  i.n, 
22.  Ac.  10. 11,17. 
&  22.  17, 18. 

b  Da.  10.  12.    Lu. 

I.  13. 

cP8.3.  3.&.5.  12. 
&  33.  20.  &  84. 

II.  &  91.  4.  & 
115.9.  &I19. 114. 
Pr.2.  7.&30.  5. 

d  See  Ge.  12.  2. 


the  women  also,  and  the  people.  '-  .\nd  the  king  of  Sodom  'went  out 
to  meet  him  after  his  return  from  the  slaughter  of  Chedorlaomer.  and 
of  the  kings  that  were  with  him,  at  the  valley  of  Shaveh,  which  is  the 
king's  dale. 

^^  And  Melchizedek,  king  of  Salem,  brought  forth  bread  and  wine  : 
""and  he  was  the  priest  of  the  Most  High  God.  ^'-^  And  he  blessed  him, 
and  said, — 

'•  Blessed  "be  Abram  of  the  Most  High  God, 

Possessor  °of  heaven  and  earth ! 
20  And  'blessed  be  the  Most  High  God, 

Which  hath  delivered  thine  enemies  into  thy  hand  !  " 
And  'he  gave  him  tithes  of  all.  ~^  And  the  king  of  Sodom  said  unto 
Abram,  '-"Give  me  the  tpersons,  and  take  the  goods  to  thyself."  '^~  And 
Abram  said  to  the  king  of  Sodom,  '■  I  'have  lift  up  my  hand  unto  the 
Lord,  the  Most  High  God,  'the  possessor  of  heaven  and  earth,  ~^  that  'I 
will  not  take  from  a  thread  even  to  a  shoe-latchet,  and  that  I  will  not 
take  any  thing  that  is  thine,  lest  thou  shouldest  say,  I  have  made  Abram 
rich :  -'*  save  only  that  which  the  young  men  have  eaten,  and  the  por- 
tion of  the  men  which  went  with  me,  Aner,  Eshcol,  and  Mamre ;  let 
them  take  their  portion." 

Section  VI. —  The  Covenant  of  God  with  Abram. 
Gen.  XV. 

God  encourao-eth  Abram.  2  Abram  complaineth  for  icant  of  an  heir.  4  God  promiseth  him  a  son 
and  a  muTtiplying  of  his  seed.  6  Abram  is  Justified  by  faith.  7  Canaan  is  promised  again,  and 
confirmed  by  a  sign,  12  and  a  vision. 

1  After  these  things  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Abram  in  "a 
vision,  saying,  "  Fear  ''not,  Abram  :  'I  am  thy  shield,  and  thy  exceed- 
ing great  re'vvard."  ^  And  Abram  said,  "  Lord  God,  what  wilt  thou 
givelue,  seeing  I  go  childless,  and  the  steward  of  my  house  is  this 
Eliezer  of  Damascus  ?  "  ^  And  Abram  said,  "  Behold  !  to  me  thou  hast 


heii 


And, 


/Jer.  34.  18,  19. 
g  Lev.  1.  17. 


A  Ex.  12.40.  Acts 

7.  6. 
lEx.  1.  11. 

j  Ex.  6.  6.  De.  6. 

22. 
k  Ex.  12.  35.    Vs. 

105.  37. 
ZGe.25.7,8 
m  Ex.  12.  40 


*  Heb.  lamp  of 
fire. 


given  no  seed :  and,  lo  !  one  born  in  my  house  is  mine 
behold  !  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  him,  saying,  "  This  shall  not 
be  thine  heir  ;  but  he  that  shall  come  forth  out  of  thine  own  bowels 
shall  be  thine  heir."  '"  And  He  brought  him  forth  abroad,  and  said, 
"  Look  now  toward  heaven,  and  tell  the  stars,  if  thou  be  able  to  number 
them  :  "  and  He  said  unto  him,  "  So  "shall  thy  seed  be."  ^  And  he 
believed  in  the  Loud  ;  and  He  counted  it  to  him  for  righteousness. 

'  And  he  said  unto  him,  '•  I  am  the  Lord  that  brought  thee  out  of 
Ur  of  the  Chaldees,  'to  give  thee  this  land  to  inherit  it.  ^  And  he 
said,  '•  Lord  God,  whereby  shall  I  know  that  I  shall  inherit  it  ?  "  ^  And 
he  said  unto  him,  "  Take'  me  a  heifer  of  three  years  old,  and  a  she 
goat  of  three  years  old,  and  a  ram  of  three  years  old,  and  a  turtle 
dove,  and  a  young  pigeon."  ^"^  And  he  took  unto  him  all  these,  and 
^divided  them  in  the  midst,  and  laid  each  piece  one  against  another: 
but  "the  birds  divided  he  not.  ^^  And  when  the  fowls  came  down  upon 
the  carcasses,  Abram  drove  them  away.  ^~  And  when  the  sun  was  going 
down,  a  deep  sleep  fell  upon  Abram ;  and,  lo !  a  horror  of  great  dark- 
ness fell  upon  him.  ^^  And  He  said  unto  Abram,  "  Know  of  a  surety 
''that  thy  seed  shall  be  a  stranirer  in  a  land  that  is  not  theirs,  and  shall 
serve  them;  and  "thev  shall  afflict  them  four  hundred  years:  ^^and 
also  that  nation  whom  they  shall  serve, Avill  I  judge:  and  afterward 
^shall  they  come  out  with  great  substance.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  go  to  thy 
fathers  in  peace  ;  'thou  shalt  be  buried  in  a  good  old  age.  ^^  But  "'in 
the  fourth  generation  they  shall  come  hither  again  :  for  the  miquity 
of  the  Amorites  is  not  yet  full."  ^^And  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when 
the  sun  went  down,  and  it  was  dark,  behold,  a  smoking  furnace,  and 
a  ^burning  lamp  that  passed  between  those  pieces!  ^^In  the  same  day 


Part  III.]  BIRTH  OF  ISIIMAEL.  83 

nSee  Go.  12.7.  the  LoRD  made  a  covenant  with  Abram,  saying,  "  Unto  "thy  seed  have 
I  given  this  land,  from  the  river  of  Egypt  unto  the  great  river,  the 
river  Euphrates  :  ^^  the  Kenites,  and  the  Kenizzites,  and  the  Kadmo- 
nites,  ^^  and  the  Hittites,  and  the  Perizzites,  and  the  Rephaims,  '^^  and 
the  Amorites,  and  the  Canaanites,  and  Girgashites,  and  the  Jebusites." 


by  her. 


SECT.  VII.  Section  VII. — Birth  of  Ishuael. 
Gen.  xvi. 

A.  M.  2094.  Sarai,  being  barren,  giveth  Hagar  to  Abram.     4  Hagar,  being  afflicted  for  despising  her  mistress, 

B.  C.  1910.  runneth  aicatj.     7  An  angel  sendeth  her  back  to  submit  herself,  11  and  telleth  her  of  her  child.    15 
T.  1911.  Lslunael  is  born. 

Hales,  20G7.         1  ]Vow  Saiai,  Abram's  wife,  bare  him  no  children  :  and  she  had  a 
anaan.        handmaid,  an  Egyptian,  whose  name  was  Hagar.  ^And   Sarai   said 
unto  Abram,  '■  Behold  now,  ti)e  Lord  hath  restrained  me  from  bear- 
So  Ge.  30. 3, 9.  ing.  "I  pray  thee,  go  in  unto  my  maid  ;  it  may  be  that  I  may  *obtain 
HeK  Je  te'Mefi  children    by    her."     And  Abram   hearkened   to   the   voice   of  Sarai. 
3  And  Sarai,  Abram's  wife,  took  Hagar  her  maid  the  Egyptian,  after 
Abram  had  dwelt  ten  years  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  gave  her   to 
her  husband  Abram  to  be  his  wife.  ^  And  he  went  in  unto  Hagar,  and 
she  conceived  ;  and  when  she  saw  that  she  had  conceived,  her  mis- 
tress was  despised  in  her  eyes.  ^  And  Sarai  said  unto  Abram,  "  My 
wrong  be  upon  thee  !  I  have   given  my  maid   into  thy  bosom  ;  and 
when  she  saw  that  she  had  conceived,  I  was  despised   in   her  eyes : 
Hhe    Lord   judge  between  me  and   thee  !  "  ^  But  Abram  said  unto 
ia'Tsijobirs"    Sarai,  "  Behold  !  "thy  maid  is  in  thy  hand  ;  do  to  her  tas  it  pleaseth 
'/pJt.3.^7.^'      thee."     And  when  Sarai  tdealt  hardly  with  her,  she  fled  from  her 
fHeb.  that  which  facc.  '''And  the  angel  of  the  Lord  found  her  by  a  fountain  of  water 
is^good  in  thine  j^  ^j^^  wildcmess,  by  the  fountain  in  the  way  to  Shur.  ^  And  he  said, 
Xmh.afflicudiier.  "Hagar,  Sarai's  maid,  whence  camest  thou?  and  whither  wilt  thou 
go  ? "     And  she  said,  "  I  flee  from  the  face  of  my  mistress  Sarai." 
^  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord  said  unto  her,  "  Return  to  thy  mistress, 
d Tit.  2. 9. 1  Pet.  and  ''submit  thyself  under  her  hands."  i"  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord 
/gJ.%.2o.&2i.  ^^i^  ^"^^^^  '^^^j  "  I  ''^ill  multiply  thy  seed  exceedingly,  that  it  shall  not 
J8.&25. 12.       be  numbered  for  multitude."   ^^  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord  said  unto 
her,  "  Behold  !  thou  art  with  child,  and  shalt  bear  a  son,  and  shalt 
*  That  is,  God     call  his  name  *Ishmael ;  because  the  Lord  hath  heard  thy  affliction. 
/Ge.  2^20.        ^^  ^"d -^he  will  be  a  wild  man ;  his  hand  will  be  against  every  man,  and 
g-Ge.25. 18.       every  man's  hand  against  him  ;  ^and  he  shall  dwell   in  the  presence 
of  all  his  brethren."  ^^And  she  called  the  name  of  the  Lord  that 
spake  unto  her,  "Thou  God  seest  me;"  for  she  said,  "  Have  I  also 
tThatis,«A.wcH  'lere  looked  after  him  that  seeth   me?"  i'' Wherefore  the  well  was 
"IndTeltlnT''"''  ^^^^^^  tBecr-lahai-roi ;  behold,  it  is  between  Kadesh  and  Bered. 

'^  And  Hagar  bare  Abram  a  son  :  and  Abram  called  his  son's  name, 
which  Hagar  bare,  Ishmael.  ^^  And  Abram  was  fourscore  and  six  years 
old,  when  Hagar  bare  Ishmael  to  Abram. 


*  Ge.  31.  53.  Ju 
11.27.1  Sa.  24. 


SECT.  VIII. 


—  Section  VIII. — Renaoal  of  the  Covenant — Institution  of  Circumcision- 

A.  M.  2107.  Promise  of  a  Son. 

Gen.  xvii. 


C. 

T. 


HALEs^ioM        God  reneweth  the  covenant.    5  Abram's  name,  is  changed  in  token  of  a  greater  blessing.    10  Circum- 
_,   '  ■  cision  is  instituted.     15  Sarai's  name  is  changed,  and  she  is  blessed.     17  Isaac  is  promised.     23 


Abraham  and  Ishmael  are  circumcised. 

uGen~i.sc25.  ^  ^ND  whcu  Abram  was  ninety  years  old  and  nine,  the  Lord 
Ex  ^,  'sDe'*"  ^PP^^*"^*^  ^o  Abram,  and  said  unto  him,  "  I  "am  the  Almighty  God; 
io!'i7."  ■  ^'  walk  before  me,  and  be  thou  *perfect.  ^  And  I  will  make  my  covenant 
*«wr'°°''"' °''  between  me  and  thee,  and  Svill  multiply  thee  exceedingly."  3  And 
sseeGe.  12.  2.  Abram  fell  on  his  face  :  and  God  talked  with  him.  saying,  '*  "  As  for 
IfnaiioZ"^'''"^"  me,  behold,  my  covenant  is  with  thee,  and  thou  shalt  be  "a  father  of 
t  That  is,  Father  tiuany  uatious.  ^  Neither  shall  thy  name  any  more  be  called  Abram,  but 
of ^  great  viuit,.  ^j^^  ^^^^  ^j^^jj  ^^  ^Abraham  ;  for  a  father  of  many  nations  have  I  rnade 


84 


INSTITUTION  OF  CIRCUMCISION— PROMISE  OF  A  SON.   [Period  H. 


f  See  Ge.  12.  7. 

*  Heb.  of  thy  30- 
journings. 

d  Ex.  6.  7.  &.  19. 
5,  6.  &;  20.  2.  t 
2.5.  8.  &  29.  45, 
46.  &.  33.  13,  Ifi. 
Le.  20.  24,26.  & 
2.'>.  38.  &  2fi.  1- 
12.  De.  4.  20.  & 
5.  6.  &  7.  6.  &. 
14.  2,  21.  &  26. 
18,  19.  t  28.  9. 
&  32.  8,  9.  i  33. 
2-4.  2  Sa.  7.  23. 
1  Ki.  6.  13.  t  8. 
53.  Ps.81.I0.  & 
135.  4.  &  147.  20. 
Is.  41.  8.  &  43. 

1.  &.  62.  12.  Je. 

2.  3.  &  7.  23.  it 
10.  16.  t  11.  4. 
&  30.  22.  Ez.  11. 

20.  t  36. 28. 
Am.  3.  2.  Mai. 

3.  17.   2  Co.  6. 
16.  Tit.  2.  14. 
He.  3.  6.  1  Pe. 
2.  5,  9.  Re.  1.6. 
&5.  10.  &  20.  6. 
&  21.  3,  7. 

t  Acu7.  8.  Ro.4. 

11. 
t  Ileb.  a  son.  of 

tight  days. 
/Lev.  12.3.  Lu. 

1.  59.  &2.  21. 
g  Ex.  4.  24. 
J  That  U,  Prin- 

h  Ge.  21.  2. 

*  Hcb.  she  shaU 
htromc  natitms. 

i  See  Ge.  12.  2. 
j  Ge.  18. 12.  &. 

21.  6. 

k  Ge.  21.  2. 

IGe.  16.  10.&.25. 
12,16. 


i 


SECT.  IX. 

A.  M.  2107. 

B.  C.  1897. 
Hales,  2054. 

Plains  of  Mamre. 

a  i.  e.  Abr.iham. 
—Ed. 

a  Ge.  19.  1,  &' 


thee.  ^  And  I  will  make  thee  exceeding  fruitful,  and  I  will  make 
nations  of  thee,  and  kings  shall  come  out  of  thee.  '  And  I  will  estab- 
lish my  covenant  between  me  and  thee,  and  thy  seed  after  thee  in  their 
generations  for  an  everlasting  covenant,  to  be  a  God  unto  thee,  and 
to  thy  seed  after  thee.  ^  And  'I  will  give  unto  thee,  and  to  thy  seed 
after  thee,  the  land  *wherein  thou  art  a  stranger,  all  the  land  of 
Canaan,  for  an  everlasting  possession  ;  and  ''I  will  be  their  God." 
^  And  God  said  unto  Abraham,  "  Thou  shalt  keep  my  covenant 
therefore,  thou,  and  thy  seed  after  thee  in  their  generations.  ^^  This 
is  my  covenant,  which  ye  shall  keep,  between  me  and  you  and  thy 
seed  after  thee — Every  man  child  among  you  shall  be  circumcised. 
^^  And  ye  shall  circumcise  the  flesh  of  your  foreskin  ;  and  it  shall  be 
'a  token  of  the  covenant  betwi.xt  me  and  you.  ^'-  And  the  that  is  eight 
days  old  '^shall  be  circumcised  among  you,  every  man  child  in  your 
generations,  he  that  is  born  in  the  house,  or  bought  with  money  of 
any  stranger,  which  is  not  of  thy  seed.  ^^  He  that  is  born  in  thy  house, 
and  he  that  is  bought  with  thy  money,  must  needs  be  circumcised  ; 
and  my  covenant  shall  be  in  your  flesh  for  an  everlasting  covenant. 
^'' And' the  uncircumcised  man  child  whose  flesh  of  his  foreskin  is  not 
circumcised,  that  soul  *'shall  be  cut  oft'  from  his  people ;  he  hath 
broken  my  covenant." 

15  And  God  said  unto  Abraham,  "  As  for  Sarai  thy  wife,  thou  shalt 
not  call  her  name  Sarai,  but  tSarah  shall  her  name  be.  ^'^  And  I  will 
bless  her,  ''and  give  thee  a  son  also  of  her :  yea,  I  will  bless  her,  and 
*she  shall  be  a  mother  'of  nations  ;  kings  of  people  shall  be  of  her." 
1'  Then  Abraham  fell  upon  his  face,  'and  laughed,  and  said  in  his 
heart,  "  Shall  a  child  be  born  unto  him  that  is  an  hundred  years  old  ? 
and  shall  Sarah,  that  is  ninety  years  old,  bear  ?  "  ^^  And  Abraham  said 
unto  God,  '•  O  thatlshmael  might  live  before  thee  !  "  ^^  And  God  said, 
"  Sarah  thy  wife  "'shall  bear  thee  a  son  indeed ;  and  thou  shalt  call 
his  name  Isaac :  and  I  will  establish  my  covenant  with  him  for  an 
everlastinir  covenant,  and  with  his  seed  after  him.  ^'-  And  as  for  Ish- 
mael.  I  have  heard  thee.  Behold  !  I  have  blessed  him,  and  will  make 
him  fruitful,  and  'will  multiply  him  exceedingly  ;  twelve  princes  shall 
he  beget,  and  I  will  make  him  a  great  nation.  "'  But  my  covenant  will 
I  establish  with  Isaac,  which  Sarah  shall  bear  unto  thee  at  this  set 
time  in  the  next  year."  -  And  He  left  oft'  talking  with  him,  and  God 
went  up  from  Abraham. 

23  And  Abraham  took  Ishmacl  his  son,  and  all  that  were  born  in  his 
house,  and  all  that  were  bought  with  his  money,  every  male  among  the 
men  of  Abraham's  house ;  and  circumcised  the  flesh  of  their  foreskin 
in  the  selfsame  day,  as  God  had  said  unto  him.  ^^  And  Abraham  was 
ninety  years  old  and  nine,  when  he  was  circumcised  in  the  flesh  of  his 
foreskin.  -^And  Ishmael  his  son  was  thirteen  years  old,  when  he  was 
circumci.sed  in  the  flesh  of  his  foreskin.  -^  In  the  selfsame  day  was 
Abraham  circumcised,  and  Ishmael  his  son.  -^  And  "all  the  men  of 
his  house,  born  in  the  house,  and  bought  with  money  of  the  stranger, 
were  circumcised  with  him. 

Section    IX. — Scrond  Promise  of  a  Son. 
Ge.v.  xviii.  1-1'). 

Ahnrliiun  fntertm»Hh  three  tuigfls.     9  Sartih  is  reproved  for  Uiushing  at  the  strange  promise. 

1  And  the  Lord  appeared  unto  ='him  in  the  plains  of  Mamre :  and 
he  sat  in  the  tent  door  in  the  heat  of  the  day  ;  ^and  "he  lift  up  his 
eyes  and  looked,  and.  lo !  three  men  stood  by  him.  And  when  he 
saw  them,  he  ran  to  meet  them  from  the   tent  door,  and   bowed  him- 


Heb.  13. 0. 1  Pe.  ggjj-  ^Q^yard  the  ground,  ^and  said,  ''My   Lord,  if  now  I  have  found 


27.  Ro.4.21. 


Part  III.]  CONDEMNATION  AND  DESTRUCTION  OF  SODOM.  85 

favor  in  thy   sight,   pass   not  away,  I   pray    thee,  from  thy   servant : 

^  let  a  Uttle  water,  I  pray  you,  be  fetched,  and  wash  your  feet,  and 
iju.c.  18.&13.  rest  yourselves  under  the  tree  ;  ^  and  ''I  will  fetch  a  morsel  of  bread, 
*  Heb  stay  ju  ^ud  *comfort  ye  your  hearts  ;  after  that  ye  shall  pass  on :  for  there- 
19.%:^"^'  "■  fore  tare  ye  come  to  your  servant."  And  they  said,  "  So  do,  as  thou 
V^t/""""'  hast  said."  «  And  Abraham  hastened  into  the  tent  unto  Sarah,  and 
t  Heb.  Hasten,     gaid,  "  JMakc  ready  quickly  three   measures  of  fine  meal,  knead  it, 

and  make  cakes  upon  the  hearth."  ''  And  Abraham  ran  unto  the  herd, 

and  fetched  a  calf  tender  and  good,  and  gave  it  unto  a  young  man  ; 

and  he  hasted   to   dress  it.  ^  And  he   took  butter,  and  milk,  and  the 

calf  which  he  had  dressed,  and  set  it  before  them  ;  and  he   stood  by 

them  under  the  tree,  and  they  did  eat. 

9  And  they  said  unto  him,  "Where  is  Sarah  thy  wife?"  And  he 
c2Ki.4. 16.  said,  "  Behold  !  in  the  tent."  ^^  And  He  said,  "  I  'will  certainly  return 
dsee  Ge.  17. 19,  uuto  thcc  accordiug  to  the  time  of  life  ;  and,  lo  !  ''Sarah  thy  wife  shall 
21.&21.  2.  j^g^^g  ^  g^j^  „  ^j^^  g^^^j^  j^gjj^^  it  ij-j  the  tent  door,  which  was  behind 
eGe.  17.17.        him.  "  Now  'Abraham  and  Sarah  were  old  and  well  stricken  in  age ; 

and  it  ceased  to  be  with  Sarah  after  the  manner  of  women.  ^^  There- 
/Ge.  17. 17.  fore  Sarah  ^laughed  within  herself,  saying,  "  After  °I  am  waxed  old 
^Lu.1.18.         gj^^ji  J  j^^^g  pleasure,  my  lord  being  old  also?  "  ^^  And  the  Lord  said 

unto  Abraham,  "  Wherefore  did  Sarah  laugh,  saying,  '  Shall  I  of  a 
AJe.32.i7.Ze.  surety  bear  a  child,  which  am  old  ? '  ^^Is  'any  thing  too  hard  for  the 
Iw'ie'Ma'fi  Lord?  At  the  time  appointed  I  will  return  unto  thee,  according  to 
27.  Lu.  1. 37.  &  the  time  of  life,  and  Sarah  shall  have  a  son."  ^^  Then   Sarah    denied, 

saying,  "I  laughed  not;"  for  she  was  afraid.  And  he  said,  "Nay; 
but  thou  didst  laugh." 

ggCT.  X.  Section  X. — Condemnation  and  Destruction  of  Sodom. 

Gen.  xviii.  16,  to   the  end,  and  xix.  1-29. 

t'  ^n  ^lal'  Tlie  destruction  of  Sodom  is  revealed  to  Abraham.    23  He  maketh  intercession  for  the  men  thereof 

„!I".  —  Chap.  xix.  1  Lot  entertaineth  two  angels.   4  The  vicious  Sodomites  are  stricken  with  blindness. 

Hales,  2054.  ^^  Lot  is  sent  for  safety  into  the  mountains.     18  He  obtaineth  leave  to  go  into  Zoar.     24  Sodom 

On  the  road  to  ^^^^  Gomorrah  are  destroyed.     26  Lot's  ivife  becomes  a  pillar  of  salt. 

—  1^  And  the  men  rose  up  from  thence,  and  looked  toward  Sodom  :  and 
Abraham  went  with  them  to  bring  them  on  the  way.  ^^  And  the  Lord 

a  See  Ge.  6. 13.    said,  "  Shall  "I  hide  from  Abraham  that  thing  which  1  do  ;  ^^  seeing 
ftSeeGe  12  2.    that  Abraham  shall  surely  "become  a  great  and  mighty  nation,  and 
c  See  Ge.  12. 3.     ^all  the  natious  of  the  earth  shall  be  blessed  in  him  ?  ^^  For  I  know  him, 
dDe.  4. 9, 10.  &   ^that  he  will  command  his  children  and  his  household  after  him,  and 
7j'5f6!ki%!'4:  they  shall  keep  the  way  of  the  Lord,  to  do  justice  and  judgment ;  that 
the  Lord  may  bring  upon  Abraham  that  which  he  hath  spoken  of 
6SeeGe.  4. 10.    him."  ^^  Aiid  tlic  LoRD  Said,  "Because  'the  cry  of  Sodom  and  Go- 
morrah is  great,  and  because  their  sin  is  very  grievous,  -^  I  will  go 
down  now,  and  see  whether  they  have  done  altogether  according  to 
the  cry  of  it,  which   is  come   unto   me  ;  and   if  not,  I   will   know." 
"  And  the   men   turned  their   faces  from  thence,  and  went   toward 
Sodom  :  but  Abraham  stood  yet  before  the  Lord. 
/See  Ge.  6. 6, 7.        23  ^nd  Abraham  drew  near,  and  said,  "  Wilt  -^thou  also  destroy  the 
righteous  with  the  wicked  ?  -»  Peradventure  there  be  fifty  righteous 
wTthin  the  city :  wilt  thou  also  destroy  and  not  spare  the  place  for  the 
fifty  righteous  that  are  therein  ?  ^s  That  be  far  from   thee  to  do  after 
this  manner,   to   slay  the   righteous  with   the  wicked:  and  that  the 
^sl'li'.t  6V'4''&  righteous  should  be  as  the  wicked,  that  be  far  from  thee  :   "'shall   not 
?3:|-9tf  '"'  the  Judge  of  all  the   earth  do   right?  "  ^^  And   the  Lord  said,  "  If  'I 
kJobs.  20.  Ps.   fj„(j  ij-j  Sodom  fifty  righteous  within  the  city,  then  I  will  spare  all  the 
5?1'.Ez.T3.5!&  place  for  their  sakes."   -^  And  Abraham  answered  and  said,  "  Behold 
•?"  ^18  1  'i^ow,  I  have  taken  upon  me   to  speak   unto  the  Lord,  which  am   but 

]  sl'e  Ge.  3. 19.     ^dust  and  ashcs  !  28  Peradventure  there  shall  lack  five  of  the  fifty  righ- 

VOL.    I.  " 


86  CONDEMNATION  AND  DESTRUCTION  OF  SODOM.    [Period  II 

teous  :  wilt  thou  destroy  all  the  city  for  lack  of  five  ?  "  And  he  said 
"  If  I  find  there  forty  and  five,  1  will  not  destroy  it."  ^s  And  he  spake 
unto  him  yet  again,  and  said,  "  Peradventure  there  shall  be  forty  found 
there."  And  lie  said,  "  I  will  not  do  it  for  forty's  sake."  '-^^  And  he 
said  unto  him,  '^  Oh  let  not  the  Lord  be  angry,  and  I  will  speak  ! 
Peradventure  there  shall  thirty  be  found  there."  And  he  said,  "  I  will 
not  do  it,  if  I  find  thirty  there."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Behold  now,  I  have 
taken  upon  me  to  speak  unto  the  Lord  :  Peradventure  there  shall  be 
twentv  found  there."  And  he  said,  "  I  "ill  not  destroy  it  for  twenty's 

kju.6.39.  sake.''  3- And  he  said,  "  Oh 'let  not  tl.     Lord  be  angry,  and  I  will 

speak  yet  but  this  once  !  Peradventure   .en  shall    be    found  there." 

I  See  Ja.5.  iG.     And  lic  Said,  "  I  'will  not  destroy  it  for  ten's  sake."  ^^  And  the  Lord 
went  his  way,  as  soon  as  he  had  left  communing  with  Abraham  ;  and 
Abraham  returned  unto  his  place. 
Sodom.  1  And  there  came  two  angels  to  Sodom  at  even  ;  and  Lot     Gen.  xix. 

m  See  Ge.  18.2,    sat  in  the  gate  of  Sodom  :  and  '"Lot  seeing  them  rose  up  to         ^-^■ 

*"=•  '    meet  them ;  and  he  bowed   himself  with  his  face  tow^ard  the  ground. 

2  And  he  said,  "  Behold  now,  my  lords,  turn  in,  I  pray  you,  into  your 
servant's  house,  and  tarry  all  night,  and  wash  your  feet,  and  ye  shall 
rise  up  early,  and  go  on  your  ways."     And  they  said,    "  Nay  ;  but  we 

n  See  Lu.  24. 29.  will  abide  iu  the  street  all  night."  ^  And  "he  pressed  upon  them  greatly  ; 

oGe.  18.8.         and  they  turned  in  unto  him,  and   entered  into  his  house ;   "and  he 

made  them  a  feast,  and  did  bake  unleavened  bread,  and  they  did  eat. 

■*  But  before    they   lay  down,  the  men  of  the  city,  eveii  the  men  of 

Sodom,  compassed  the  house  "ound,  both  old  and  young,  all  the  peo- 

pi3.3.9.  pie  from  every   quarter.  ^  And  ^'they  called  unto  Lot,  and   said  unto 

him,  "  Where  are  the  men  which  came  in  to  thee  this  night  ?  bring 

^i!&w:tiio:  them  out  unto  us,  that  'we  may  know  them."  ^  And  Lot  went  out  at  the 

27^jifd°e7 ■  ^'^    door  unto  them,  and  shut  the  door  after  him,  '^  and  said,  "  I  pray  you, 

brethren,  do  not  so  wickedly.  ^  Behold  'now,  I  have  two  daughters  which 

rSeeJu.19.24.  ^^^^  ^^^  kuowu  man;  let  me,  I  pray  you,  bring  them  out  unto  you, 
and  do  ye  to  them  as  is  good  in  your  eyes :  only  unto  these  men  do 

,SeeGe.i8.5.  Rothiug ;  'for  therefore  came  they  under  the  shadow  of  my  roof." 
3 And   they  said,  "Stand  back!"  And  they  said  again,  "This  one 

tEx.2. 14.  fellow  came  in  to  sojourn,  'and  he  will  needs  be  a  judge  :  now  will  we 
deal  worse  with  thee  than  with  them."  And  they  pressed  sore  upon 
the  man  even  Lot,  and  came  near  to  break  the  door.  ^^  But  the  men 
put  forth  their  hand,  and  pulled  Lot  into  the  house  to  them,  and  shut  to 

a  See  2  Ki.  6. 18.  tlic  door.  ^^  And  "they  smote  the  men  that  were  at  the  door  of  the 
wis^.^ig.  17.  Ac.  i^Q^gQ  ^yitj-j  blindness,  both  small  and  great ;  so  that  they  wearied  them- 
selves to  find  the  door. 

i'~  And  the  men  said  unto  Lot,  "  Hast  thou  here  any  besides  ?  Son-in- 
law,  and  thy  sons,  and  thy  daughters,  and  whatsoever  thou  hast  in  the 

"2^7;  9.' ^■^^'''    city,  "bring  them  out  of  this  place:   ^^  for  we  will  destroy  this  place, 

«,Ge'  18  20        because  the  "cry  of  them  is  waxen  great  befor(>the  face  of  the  Lord  ; 

iich.2h  15.      and  "the  Lord  hath  sent  us  to  destroy  it."  ^^  And  Lot  went  out,  and 

y  Or, which  were  spakc  uuto  his  sons-iu-law,  '-'which  married  his  daughters,  and  said, 
LTMat'.'i.T'  "  Up  !  ^get  you  out  of  this  place  !  for  the  Lord  will  destroy  this  city." 
-Ed.  «]3m  l^g  seemed  as  one  that  mocked  unto  his  sons-in-law. 

I  Ex  9%?'  Lu  ^^  And  when  the  morning  arose,  then  the  angels  hastened  Lot,  saying, 
i7.28.'&24. 11.  u  Arigg  j  ijj^i-y  tby  ^vife,  and  thy  two  daughters,  which  *are  here  ;  lest 

*Re"'.\8'.'4'.'^^"    thou  be  consumed  in  the  tiniquity  of  the  city."   ^^  And  ^vhile   he  lin- 

»  Heb.  arcfound.  gercd,  thc  mou  laid  hold  upon  his  hand,  and  upon  the  hand  of  his 
^  Or, punishment,  ^yjf^^  ^ud  upou  the  hand  of  his  two  daughters,  (the  "Lord  being  mer- 
'T\^V\r      ciful  unto  him  ;)   'and  thev   brought  him    forth,  and   set   him  without 

dRo.  9.  l."),  16.  .  ''  .  ^- 

«Ps.34.22.         the  City.  ,      ,        J 

'■^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  iiad  brought  them  forth  abroad, 


Part  III.]  THE    BIRTH   OF    ISAAC.  87 

/iKi.  19.3.  that  he  said,  "  Escape -Tor  thy  hfe  !  look  not  behind  thee/neither 
^24'i(lV°'^^'^''  stay  tliou  in  all  the  plain  ;  escape  to  the  mountain,  lest  thou  be  con- 
sumed !  "  ^^  And  Lot  said  unto  them,  '•  Oh,  not  so,  my  Lord  !  ^^  Be- 
hold now,  thy  servant  hath  found  grace  in  thy  sight,  and  thou  hast 
magnified  thy  mercy,  which  thou  hast  showed  unto  me  in  saving  my 
lifel  and  I  cannot  escape  to  the  mountain,  lest  some  evil  take  me,  and 
I  die ;  ^^  behold  now,  this  city  is  near  to  flee  unto,  and  it  is  a  little 
one  ;  oh,  let  me  escape  thither,  (is  it  not  a  little  one  ?)  and  my  soul 
shall  live."  ~^  And  he  said  unto  him,  "  See  !  "I  have  accepted  Uhee 
tHcbXface.  conccming  this  thing  also,  that  I  will  not  overthrow  this  city,  for  the 
which  thou  hast  spoken.  ^-  Haste  thee  !  escape  thither  !  for  I  cannot 
do  any  thing  till  thou  be  come   thither."  Therefore  the  name  of  the 

That  is,  little.  .  •'  il      l    sr/ 

Ge.  13.  I0.&14.  City  was  called    Zoar. 

23  The  sun  was  trisen  upon  the  earth  when  Lot  entered  into  Zoar. 
^''Then  Hhe  Lord  rained  upon  Sodom  and  upon  Gomorrah  brimstone 
i'iof  i'lFi'  and  fire  from  the  Lord  out  of  heaven  ;  -^  and  he  overthrev/  those 
9:&i3.  i9.Je.'  cities,  and  all  the  plain,  and  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  cities,  and  that 

20.  16.  &  49.  18.        ,  .     '  Ti  J 

&50. 40.  La. 4.   wliich  gicw  upou  the  ground. 

tal'^-Ho-n.       26  But  his  wife  looked  back  from  behind  him,  ^ and  she  became  a 

Mut  n'''^'"24   pillar  of  salt. 

Lu.  17. 28, 29.  27  A,-,^  Abraham  gat  up  early  in  the  morning  to  the  place  where  he 
2Pe.2.fa.  Ju  e  ^^^^^  before  the  Lord,  ^s  And  he  looked  toward  Sodom  and  Gomor- 
rah, and  toward  all  the  land  of  the  plain,  and  beheld,  and,  lo  !  the 
smoke  of  the  country  went  up  as  the  smoke  of  a  furnace ! 

-'  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  God  destroyed  the  cities  of  the  plain, 
that  God  remembered  Abraham,  and  sent  Lot  out  of  the  midst  of  the 
overthrow,  when  he  overthrew  the  cities  in  the  which  Lot  dwelt. 

A.  M.  ab.  2107. 

B.  c.  ab.  1897.  SECTION  XL — Lot  and  his  two  Daughters. 

Hales,  2054.  ^^^    ^.^    3q^  ^g  ^j^^  ^„^; 

2oar  ^"^  divelleth  in  a  cave.     Tlie  incestuous  original  of  Moab  and  Amnion. 

—  30  And  Lot  went  up  out  of  Zoar,  and  dwelt  in   the  mountain,  and 

^Fopfnio'n'ibat'  his  two  daughters  with  him  ;  for  he  feared  to  dwell  in  Zoar :  and  lie 
wlsaX'tetrb  dwelt  in  a  cave,  he  and  his  two  daughters,  ^i  And  the  firstborn  said 
Lot's  daughters,  ^^^q  i\^q  youngcr,  "  Our  father  is  old,  and  there  is  not  a  man  in  the 
7ermlhe}amiiii.-  earth  to  comc  in  unto  us  after  the  manner  of  all  the  earth  ;  ^2  come, 
iUy't^iought"'''  let  us  make  our  father  drink  wine,  and  we  will  lie  with  him,  that  we 
desuoyraVeT.  ''may  preserve  seed  of  our  father."  ^3  And  they  made  their  father 
a^ver'^'reason-'  ^rlnk  wiuc  that  uight ;  and  the  firstborn  went  in,  and  lay  with  her 
abiT'op'nionr  father  ;  and  he  perceived  not  when  she  lay  down,  nor  when  she  arose. 
drslruct^no'r  34  ^j^^j  [^  (,ame  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  the  firstborn  said  unto  the 
deluge  wasyet'  youugcr,  "  Bcliold,  I  lay  yesternight  with  my  father ;  let  us  make  him 
date?-ir"'  drink  wine  this  night  also,  and  go  thou  in,  and  lie  with  him,  that  we 
b i.e. of  my  may  preserve  seed  of  our  father."  ^5  And  they  made  their  father  drink 
De'i'o.'gT^'^'  wine  that  uight  also  ;  and  the  younger  arose,  and  lay  with  him  ;  and 
c  i- e.j^be^son^of  }^g  pg^(,giYg(j  notwheu  shc  lay  dovv'n,  nor  when  she  arose,  ^e  Th^s 
dI.Ti9.'  '  were  both  the  daughters  of  Lot  with  child  by  their  father.  ^7  And  the 
firstborn  bare  a  son,  and  called  his  name  "^Moab  :  the  same  is  the 
father  of  the  Moabites  unto  this  day.  ^sAnd  the  younger,  she  also 
bare  a  son,  and  called  his  name  "^Ben-ammi :  the  same  is  the  father 
of  the  children  of  Amnion  unto  this  day. 

Section  XII. —  The  Birth  of  Isaac. 
Gen.  xxi.  ]-8. 

Isaac  is  born.     4-  He  is  circumcised.     6  Sarah's  joy. 

1  And  the  Lord  "visited  Sarah  as  he  had  said,  and  the  Lord  did 
unto  Sarah  ^as    he  had    spoken.  ^  For    Sarah   'conceived,   and    bare 


h  Job  42.  8,  9. 
145.  19. 


2. 

t  Heb.  gone  forth 
i  De.  29.  23.  Job 


j  Wis.  10.  7.  Lu. 


SECT.  xr. 


De.  2.  19. 

SECT.  xir. 

A.  M.  2107. 

B.  C.  1897. 

T.   1896. 

Haleb,  2053. 

Probably  in  the 
Plains  of  Jlamre. 

a  1  Sa.  2.  21. 

J  See  Ge.  17.  16, 
19. 

r.  Ac.  7.  8.  Gal.  4. 
22.  He.  11.11. 

dGe. 

17. 

17.   Pb. 

126. 

2. 

e  Lu. 

1. 

58. 

fGe. 

18. 

11,12. 

SECT. 

XIII. 

A. 

M. 

2102. 

B. 

C. 

1892. 

Hales 

,2053. 

Probably,  Gerar. 

a  Gal 

1.  4-  30.  See 

Ge. 

25. 

G.&36. 

6,7. 

6Ge. 

17. 

18. 

ABRAHASrS   COVENANT   WITH   ABIMELECH.         [Period  H. 

Abraham  a  son  in  his  old  age,  at  the  set  time  of  which  God  had 
spoken  to  him.  ^  And  Abraham  called  the  name  of  his  son  that  was 
born  unto  him,  wiiom  Sarah  bare  to  him,  Isaac.  ^  And  Abraham  cir- 
cumcised his  son  Isaac  being  eiglit  days  old,  as  God  had  commanded 
him.  ^  And  Abraham  was  an  hundred  years  old,  when  his  son  Isaac 
was  born  unto  him. 

•"  And  Sarah  said,  "  God  ''hath  made  me  to  laugh,  so  that  all  that 
hear  'will  laugh  with  me."  "  And  slie  said,  '•  Who  would  have  said 
unto  Abraham,  that  Sarah  should  have  given  children  suck  ?  -^for  I 
have  born  him  a  son  in  his  old  age."  ^  And  the  child  grew,  and  was 
weaned :  and  Abraham  made  a  great  feast  the  smne  day  that  Isaac 
was  weaned. 

Section  XIII. — Casting  out  of  Ha  gar  and  Ishmacl. 
Gen.  xxi.  9-21. 

Iliigar  and  Ishmacl  are  cast  forth.     1.5  Haxar  in  distress.     17  Tlie  angel  comforteth  her. 

^  And  Sarah  saw  the  son  of  Hagar  the  Egyptian,  which  she  had 
born  unto  Abraham,  mocking.  ^°  Wherefore  she  said  unto  Abraham, 
"  Cast  "out  this  bondwoman  and  her  son  ;  for  the  son  of  this  bond- 
woman shall  not  be  heir  with  my  son,  even  with  Isaac."  ^^  And  'the 
thing  was  very  grievous  in  Abraham's  sight  because  of  his  son. 

^- And  God  said  unto  Abraham,  "I-et  it  not  be  grievous  in  thy 
sight  because  of  the  lad,  and  because  of  thy  bondwoman  ;  in  all  that 

cRo.9.7,8.  He  garah  hath  said  unto  thee,  hearken  unto  her  voice  ;  for  'in  Isaac  shall 
thy  seed  be  called.  ^^  And  also  of  the  ''son  of  the  bondwoman  will  I 
make  a  nation,  because  he  is  thy  seed."  ^'^  And  Abraham  rose  up  early 
in  the  morning,  and  took  bread,  and  a  bottle  of  water,  and  gave  it 
unto  Hagar,  putting  it  on  her  shoulder,  and  the  cliild,  and  sent  her 
away  :  and  she  departed,  and  wandered  in  the  wilderness  of  Beer- 
sheba.  ^^  And  the  water  was  spent  in  the  bottle,  and  she  cast  the 
child  under  one  of  the  shrubs.  ^^  And  she  went,  and  sat  her  down 
over  against  him  a  good  way  off,  as  it  were  a  bowshot :  for  she  said, 
"  Let  me  not  see  the  death  of  the  child."     And  she  sat   over  against 

eEx.3.7.  jjjj^^  ^^^  Y\h  up  her  voice,  and  wept.  '^''  And  'God  heard  the  voice  of 

the  lad  ;  and  the  angel  of  God  called  to  Hagar  out  of  heaven,  and 
said  unto  her,  "  What  aileth  thee,  Hagar  ?  fear  not ;  for  God  hath 
heard  the  voice  of  the  lad  where  he   is.   '^  Arise,  lift   up   the  lad,  and 

^^K\~l'.\i[\i^  hold  him   in   thy  hand;  for  I  will  make  him  a  great  nation."  ^^And 
20.  Lu.  24. 16,    /Q.Qjj  opened  her  eyes,  and  she  saw  a  well  of  water  ;  and  she  went, 

g-Ge.28.i5.&39.  and  filled  the  bottle  with  water,  and  gave  the  lad  drink,  ^o  And  ^God 
;Ge.'i6.i2.        was  with  the  lad;  and  he   grew,  and  dwelt  in   the  wilderness, '"and 
became  an  archer.  ^^  And  he  dwelt  in   the  wilderness  of  Paran  :  and 
his  mother  Hook  him  a  wife  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 


/.  Ge.  16.  12. 
i  Ge.  24.  4. 


SECT.  XIV.  Sf.ction  XIV. — Abraham's  Covenant  with  Ahimclcch. 

.    ,.  „,,„  Gen.  x.xi.  22,  to  the  end. 

A.  M.  2113. 

n.  c.  1891.  22  ^j^p  jt  came  to  pass  at  that  time,  that "  Abimelech  and  Phichol  the 

chief  captain  of  his  host  spake  unto  Abraham,  saying,  "God  'is  with 
thee  in  all  that  thou  doest :  -^  now  therefore  'swear  unto  me  here  by 
God,  *that  thou  wilt  not  deal  falsely  with  me,  nor  with  my  son,  nor 
with  my  son's  son  :  but  according  to  the  kindness  that  I  have  done 
cJos^2. 12.  isa.  unto  thcc,  thou  shalt  do  unto  me,  and  to  the  land  wherein  thou  hast 
»Tierim/.«sM£  sojourned."  -'*  And  Abraham  said,  "I  will  swear."  ^5  And  Abraham 
lieuntome.  reprovcd  Abimelcch  because  of  a  well  of  water,  which  Abimclech's 
d  See  Ge.  26. 15,  scrvauts ''had  violently  taken  away.  "^And  Abimelech  said,  "  I  wot 
18,20-22.  ^^^  ^^j^^  j^^^l^  ^^j^p  ^j^jg  ^|,j,-,jj.  neither  didst  thou  tell  me,  neither  yet 

heard  I  of  it,  but  to-day."  -"  And  Abraham  took  sheep  and  oxen,  and 


Hales,  2053. 
Gerar. 


Part  III.] 


THE  TEMPTATION   OP   ABRAHAM. 


89 


/Ge.  33.  8. 


g  Ge.  31.  48,  52 


t  That  is,  The 
well  of  the  oath. 
Ge.  26.  33. 


J  Or,  tree. 
/i  Ge.  4.  26. 
iDe.33.   27.13. 

40.  28.  Ro.  16. 

2o.  1  Tira.  1.  n 


SECT.  XV. 

A.  M.  2132. 

B.  C.  1872. 
T.  1871. 

Hales,  2028. 
Mori  ah. 

a  He.  11.17.  1  Co. 

10.  13.  Ja.  1.  12. 

1  Pe.  1.  7. 
*  Heb.  Behold  me. 

ver.  7. 
h  He.  11.  17. 
c  2  Ch.  3.  1   Mat. 

27.  33.  35. 


d  John  19.  17. 


t  Heb.  Behold  i 
ver.  1. 


t  Or,  kid. 


gave  them  unto  Abimelech ;  and  both  of  them  'made  a  covenant. 
^*  And  Abraham  set  seven  ewe  lambs  of  tlie  flociv  by  themselves.  ~^  And 
Abimelech  said  unto  Abraham,  "  What  ^mean  these  seven  ewe  lambs 
which  thou  hast  set  by  themselves  ?  "  ^^  And  he  said,  "  For  these 
seven  ewe  lambs  shalt  thou  take  of  my  hand,  that  ^they  may  be  a 
witness  unto  me,  that  I  have  digged  this  well."  ^^  Wherefore  he 
called  that  place  tBeer-sheba ;  because  there  they  sware  both  of  them. 
32  Thus  they  made  a  covenant  at  Beer-sheba :  then  Abimelech  rose  up, 
and  Phichol  the  chief  captain  of  his  host,  and  they  returned  into  the 
land  of  the  Philistines. 

23  And  Abraham  planted  a  tgrove  in  Beer-sheba,  and  "called  there 
on  the  name  of  the  Lord,  "the  everlasting  God.  ^4  And  Abraham 
sojourned  in  the  Philistines'  land  many  days. 

Section  XY.—  The  Temptation  of  Ahraliam.^'^ 
Gen.  xxii.  1-19. 

Abraham  is  tempted  to  offer  Isaac.  3  He  gireth  proof  of  his  faith  and  obedience.  11  The  angel 
stayeth  him.  13  Isaac  is  exchanged  with  a  ram.  14  The  place  is  called  Jehovah-Jireh.  15 
Abraham  is  blessed  again. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things  that  "God  did  tempt  Abra- 
ham, and  said  unto  him,  "Abraham  ;  "  and  he  said,  "  ^Behold,  here  I 
am."  2  And  He  said,  "  Take  now  thy  son,  ''thine  only  son  Isaac,  whom 
thou  lovest,  and  get  thee  'into  the  land  of  Moriah  ;  and  ofter  him 
there  for  a  burnt  offering  upon  one  of  the  mountains  which  I  will  tell 
thee  of." 

3  And  Abraham  rose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  saddled  his  ass, 
and  took  two  of  his  young  men  with  him,  and  Isaac  his  son,  and 
clave  the  wood  for  the  burnt  offering,  and  rose  up,  and  went  unto  the 
place  of  which  God  had  told  him.  "^Then  on  the  third  day  Abraham 
lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  saw  the  place  afar  off.  ^  And  Abraham  said  unto 
his  young  men,  "  Abide  ye  here  with  the  ass  ;  and  I  and  the  lad  will 
go  yonder  and  worship,  and  come  again  to  you."  ^  And  Abraham  took 
the  wood  of  the  burnt  offering,  and  ^laid  it  upon  Isaac  his  son  ;  and 
he  took  the  fire  in  his  hand,  and  a  knife  ;  and  they  went  both  of  them 
together.  'And  Isaac  spake  unto  Abraham  his  father,  and  said, 
"My  father!"  And  he  said,  "  IHere  am  I,  my  son."  And  he  said, 
"  Behold  the  fire  and  the  wood :  but  where  is  the  llamb  for  a  burnt 
offering?  "  ^  And  Abraham  said,  "  My  son,  God  will  provide  himself 
a  lamb  for  a  burnt  offering ; "  so  they  went  both  of  them  together. 
^  And   they  came   to   the   place   which   God   had   told   him  of ;    and 

Abel,  Noah,  the  passover,  and  other  chief  institu- 
tions of  the  Levitical  Law,  we  can  show  from 
Scripture,  that  the  resemblance  was  originally  de- 
signed, and  was  not  merely  a  coincidence.  The 
sacrifice  of  Isaac  by  his  father  was  so  evidently 
typical  of  the  sacrifice  of  Christ,  that  there  can  be 
no  doubt  of  the  design  which  was  to  be  answered 
by  this  otherwise  mysterious  event.  On  the  very 
spot  where  Christ  was  afterwards  crucified,  Abra- 
ham is  commanded  to  slay  his  son.  It  is  needless 
to  recapitulate  the  coincidences  between  the  sacri- 
fice of  Isaac  and  of  Christ :  they  are  to  be  found  in 
every  commentary.  That  the  meaning  of  all  the 
circumstances  of  this  mystical  sacrifice  of  his  son 
was  revealed  to  Abraham,  that  he  learnt  from  them 
that  the  promised  Messiah  should  in  like  iTianner 
bear  the  wood  of  the  cross,  and  die  for  mankind, 
and  that  Abraham,  in  obeying  the  divine  command, 
rejoiced  to  see  the  day  of  Christ,  and  he  then  saw 
it  and  was  glad,  is  well  argued  by  Bishop  Warbur- 
ton.  Vide^Bp.  Van  Mildert's  Bampton  Lectures, 
page  2.37;  Bp.  Marsh's  jLec<M?-cs,  part  4,  page  113 
to  11.5  -,  Warburton's  Div.  Legal,  v.  G.  s.  5 ;  M'Ewen 
On  the  Types. 


C)  It  was  not  by  means  of  prophecy  alone  that 
the  Almighty  directed  the  attention  of  mankind  to 
the  future  Messiah  ;  the  types  of  the  Old  Testament 
were  rendered  subservient  to  the  same  wise  and 
useful  purpose.  A  type  has  been  well  defined,  to 
be  '•  a  prefigurative  action  or  occurrence,  in  which 
one  event,  person,  or  circumstance  is  intended  to 
represent  another  similar  to  it  in  certain  respects, 
but  future  and  distant." — "  To  constitute  one  thing 
tlie  type  of  another,"  remarks  the  learned  Bishop 
Marsh,  "  something  more  is  wanted  than  mere  re- 
semblance. The  former  must  not  only  resemble 
the  latter,  but  it  must  have  been  designed  so  to  re- 
semble it,  in  its  original  institution." — "  And  there  is 
no  other  rule  by  whichwe  can  distinguish  a  real  from 
a  pretended  type,  than  that  of  Scripture  itself" 
For  these  reasons  t  have  not  insisted  on  the  resem- 
b'ances  between  the  Messiah  and  many  of  the  emi- 
nent characters  in  the  Old  Testament.  Though  it 
is  !)oth  a  pleasant  and  profitable  employment  to  dis- 
cover allusions  to  the  Son  of  God  in  every  page  of 
Scrijiture,  we  are  by  no  means  justified  in  asserting 
that  one  person  or  event,  is  undoubtedly  the  typo 
of  another  ;  unless,  as  in  the  instances  of  Adam, 
VOL.    I.  12 


90 


DEATH  AND  BURIAL  OF   SARAH. 


[Pkrioo  H. 


«He.  11.  17.  Ja. 
2.21. 


^Ge.  26.  5.  Ja.  2. 


*  That  is,  The 
LORD  mill  see, 
or,  provide. 


APs.  105.9.Eccl. 
44.  21.  Lu.  1. 
73.  He.6. 13, 14. 

i  See  Ge.  12. 2,  3. 
&34.60. 


t  Heb.  tip. 
j  Ge.  26.  5. 
feGc.  21.  31. 

SECT.  XVI. 

A.  M.  2144. 

B.  C.  I860. 
T.  1859. 

Hales,  2016. 
Kirjatli-arba. 

a  Jos.  14.  15.  Ju. 

1.  10. 
b  Ge.  13.  18. 
cGe.  17.  8.  1  CI.. 

29.  15.  Ps.  105. 

12.  He.  11.9, 13. 
dAc.  7.  5. 


*  Heb.  n  prince  of 
Otd.  Ge.  13.  2. 
&  14.  14.  &  24. 


t  ]ieh.  fall  money. 


X  Heb.  mrs. 

e  Ge.  34.  20,  24. 

Ru.  4.  4. 
/See  2  Sa.  24. 

21-24. 


Abraham  built  an  altar  tiiere,  and  laid  the  wood  in  order,  and  bound 
Isaac  his  son,  and  'laid  hiin  on  the  altar  upon  the  wood,  i'' And  Abra- 
ham stretched  forth  his  hand,  and  took  the  knife  to  slay  his  son. 
^^  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord  called  unto  him  out  of  heaven,  and  said, 
"Abraham!  Abraham!"  and  he  said,  ''Here  am  I."  '-And  he  said, 
"  Lay  ^not  thy  hand  upon  the  lad,  neither  do  thou  any  thing  unto 
him;  for  'now  1  know  that  thou  fearest  God,  seeing  thou  hast  not 
withheld  thy  son,  thine  only  son  from  me."  '^  And  Abraham  lifted  up 
his  eyes,  and  looked,  and  behold  behind  him  a  ram  caught  in  a  thicket 
by  iiis  horns ;  and  Abraham  went  and  took  the  ram,  and  offered  him 
up  for  a  burnt  offering  in  the  stead  of  his  son.  ^"^  And  Abraham  called 
the  name  of  that  place  *Jehovah-jireh :  as  it  is  said  to  this  day,  "  In 
the  mount  of  the  Lord  it  shall  be  seen." 

1-^  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord  called  unto  Abraham  out  of  heaven 
the  second  time,  ^^and  said,  "By  ''myself  have  I  sworn,"  saith  the 
Lord,  "  for  because  thou  hast  done  this  thing,  and  hast  not  withheld 
thy  son,  thine  only  son  :  i '  that  in  'blessing  I  will  bless  thee,  and  in 
multiplying  I  will  multiply  thy  seed  as  the  stars  of  the  heaven,  and 
as  the  sand  which  is  upon  the  sea  tshore  ;  and  thy  seed  shall  possess 
the  gate  of  his  enemies  ;  ^^and  in  thy  seed  shall  all  the  nations  of  the 
earth  be  blessed  ;  ^because  thou  hast  obeyed  my  voice."  ^^  So  Abraham 
returned  unto  his  young  men,  and  they  rose  up  and  went  together  to 
^Beer-sheba  ;  and  Abraham  dwelt  at  Beer-sheba. 

Section  XVL — Death  and  Burial  of  Sarah. 
Gen.  xsiii. 

Tlie  age  and  death  o/Sarali.     3  The  purchase  of  Machpelah,  19  tchere  Sarah  iras  buried. 

1  And  Sarah  was  an  hundred  and  seven  and  twenty  years  old : 
these  were  the  years  of  the  life  of  Sarah.  ^  And  Sarah  died  in  "Kir- 
jath-arba ;  the  same  is  ''Hebron  in  the  land  of  Canaan  :  and  Abraham 
came  to  mourn  for  Sarah,  and  to  weep  for  her. 

3  And  Abraham  stood  up  from  before  his  dead,  and  spake  unto  the 
sons  of  Heth,  saying,  * "'  I  'am  a  stranger  and  a  sojourner  with  you : 
''give  me  a  possession  of  a  burying  place  with  you,  that  I  may  bury 
my  dead  out  of  my  sight." 

^  And  the  children  of  Heth  answered  Abraham,  saying  unto  him, 
6 "  Hear  us,  my  lord !  thou  art  *a  mighty  prince  among  us :  in  the 
choice  of  our  sepulchres  bury  thy  dead  ;  none  of  us  shall  withhold 
from  thee  his  sepulchre,  but  that  thou  maycst  bury  thy  dead." 

'  And  Abraham  stood  up,  and  bowed  himself  to  the  people  of  the 
land,  even  to  the  children  of  Heth.  ^And  he  communed  with  them, 
saying,  "  If  it  be  your  mind  that  I  should  bury  my  dead  out  of  my 
sight ;  hear  me,  and  entreat  for  me  to  Ephron  the  son  of  Zohar,  ^  that 
he  may  give  me  the  cave  of  Machpelah,  which  he  hath,  which  is  in 
t!ic  end  of  his  field ;  for  tas  much  money  as  it  is  worth  he  shall  give 
it  me  for  a  possession  of  a  burying  place  amongst  you." 

1"  And  Ephron  dwelt  among  the  children  of  Heth  :  and  Ephron  the 
Hittite  answered  Abraham  in  the  taudiencc  of  the  children  of  Heth, 
even  of  all  that  'went  in  at  the  gate  of  his  city,  saying,  ^^  "  Nay, 
•^my  lord,  hear  me :  the  field  give  I  thee,  and  the  cave  that  is  therein, 
I  give  it  thee  ;  in  the  presence  of  the  sons  of  my  people  give  I  it  thee : 
bury  thy  dead." 

1-  And  Abraham  bowed  down  himself  before  the  people  of  the  land. 

i-^  And  he  spake  unto  Ephron  in  the  audience  of  the  people  of  the  land, 

saying,  "  But  if  tliou  wilt  give  it,  I  pray  thee,  hear  me :   I  will  give 

thee  money  for  the  field  :  take  it  of  me,  and  I  will  bury  my  dead  there." 

1' And  Ephron  answered  Abraham,  saying  unto  him,  ^^''My  lord, 


Part  III.]  MARRIAGE   OF   ISAAC   AND   REBEKAH.  91 

g  Ex.  30. 1.5.  E7..   jiearken  unto  me  :   the  land  is  worth  four  hundred  ^shekels  of  silver  ; 

$m-ii/.''  ""'  what  is  that  betwixt  me  and  thee  ?  bury  therefore  thy  dead." 

AJe.32.9.  16  A.nd  Abraham  hearkened  unto  Ephron  ;  and  Abraham  "weighed 

to  Ephron  the  silver,  which  he  had  named  in  the  audience  of  the  sons 

of  Heth,  four  hundred  shekels  of  silver,  current  money  with  the  mer- 

tGe.25.9.  &49.  chaut.  ^^  Aud  'the   field  of  Ephron,  which  was  in  Machpelah,  which 

S;  fe^'  ^^'  was  before  Mamre,  the  field,  and  the  cave  which  was  therein,  and  all 

the  trees  that  were   in   the  field,  that  were  in  all  the  borders  round 

about,  were  made  sure  ^^  unto  Abraham  for  a  possession  in  the  presence 

of  the  children  of  Heth,  before  all  that  went  in  at  the  gate  of  his  city. 

1^  And  after  this,  Abraham  buried  Sarah  his  wife  in  the  cave  of  the 

field  of  Machpelah  before  Mamre  :   the  same  is  Hebron  in  the  land  of 

i See Ru. 4. 7-10.  Cauaau.  20  And  the  field  and  the  cave  that  is  therein^ were  made  sure 

je.  32. 10, 11.     ^^^^  Abraham  for  a  possession  of  a  burying  place  by  the  sons  of  Heth. 

Section  XVII. — Family  of  Rehekah. 
Gen.  xxii.  20,  to  the  end. 
"^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  it  was  told  Abraham, 
saying,  ''  Behold,  "Milcah,  she  hath  also  born  children  unto  thy  brother 
Nahor ;  ^i  Huz'  his  firstborn,  and  Buz  his  brother,  and  Kemuel  the 
father  'of  Aram,  ^^  and  Chesed,  and  Hazo,  and  Pildash,  and  Jidlaph,  and 
''Bethuel.  -^  And  Bethuel  begat  'Rebekah  :  these  eight  Milcah  did  bear 
to  Nahor,  Abraham's  brother.  ~^  And  his  concubine,  whose  name  was 
Reumah,  she  bare  also  Tebah,  and  Gaham,  and  Thahash,  and  Maachah. 

Section  XVIII. — Marriage  of  Isaac  and  Rebekah. 
SECT.  xvm.  Gen.  xxiv. 

Uraham  siceareth  his  se,-vant.    10  Tlie  servant's  Journey.    12  His  prayer.  14  His  sign    15  Rebekah 

A.  M.  2147.  meeteth  him,  18  fulfiUeth  his  sign,  22  receiveth  jewels,  23  shmveth  her  kindred,  23  and  inviteth  him 

B.  C.  1857.  home      26  The  servant  blessefh  God.      29  La'han  entertaineth  him.     34  The  servant  showeth  his 
T.  1856.                message.     50  Laban  and  Bethuel  approve  it.    68  Rebekah  consenteth  to  go.    62  Isaac  meeteth  her. 

^T\IT'         ^  And  Abraham  was  old,  and  *well  stricken  in  age :  and   the  Lord 

anaan.        ^^^^  blcsscd  Abraham  in  all   things.  ^  And   Abraham   said  'unto   his 

-^^^^■soncinto    ^^^^^^  gcrvaut  of  his  house,  that  ruled  over  all   that  he  had,  "  Put,  1 

a  See  Ge.  13. 2.    pj.ay  thec,  thy  hand  under  my  thigh  ;  ^  and  I  will  make   thee  '^swear 

. .    ,.  .  ..  .,n  ^^  ^j^^  i^Q^jy^  the  God  of  heaven,  and  the  God  of  the  earth,  that  Hhou 

shalt  not  take  a  wife  unto  my  son  of  the  daughters  of  the  Canaanites, 


SECT. 

XVII. 

«Ge.  11. 

29. 

ftJobl.  ] 

c.  Job  32. 

2. 

d  Ge.  24, 

.  15. 

e  Called, 

Ro.  9. 

10,  Rebecca. 

:  Ge.  47.  i 


''Ge.i4.22.De.   ^moiig  whom  I  dwcll  :  4  but  thou  shalt  go  ^unto  my  country,  and  to 


6. 13.  Jos.  2. 12.  amon. 

e  Ge.  26.  35.  m 

/Ge.  12.  1. 


y  kindred,  and  take  a  wife  unto  my  son  Isaac. 


5  And  the  servant  said  unto  him,  "  Peradventure  the  woman  will 
not  be  willing  to  follow  me  unto  this  land :  must  I  needs  bring  thy 
son  again  unto  the   land  from  whence  thou  earnest  ?  " 

6  And  Abraham  said  unto  him,  "  Beware  that  thou  bring  not  my 
son  thither  again.  ''  The  Lord  God  of  heaven,  which  took  me  from 
my  father's  house,  and  from  the  land  of  iny  kindred,  and  which  spake 

^seeGe.  12. 7.    unto  me,  and  that  sware  unto  me,  saying,  '  Unto  ^thy  seed  will  I  give 

/k  Ex. 23. 20, 23.    this  land  ;'  "he  shall  send  his  angel  before  thee,  and  thou  shalt  take 

a  wife   unto  my  sou  from  thence.  «  And  if  the  woman   will  not  be 

willing  to  follow  thee,  then  Hhou  shalt  be  clear  from   this   my   oath : 

only  bring  not  my  son  thither  again."  ^  And  the  servant  put  his  hand 

under  the  thigh  of  Abraham  his  master,  and  sware  to  him  concerning 

that  matter. 

t  Or,  and.  ifl  ^^^  jj^g  scrvaut  took  ten  camels  of  the  camels  of  his  master,  and  de- 

'x^£'tkLo.nca  parted ;  (tfor  all  the  goods  of  his  master  were  in  his  hand :)  and  he  arose, 

Zttt^tZth.    and  went  to  Mesopotamia,  unto^the  city  of  Nahor.  ^^  And  he  made 

Ex. 2.-^16. 1  s,;.   jjjg  cj^mels  to  kneel  dovvii  without  the  city  by  a  well  of  water  at   the 

kGe.'^e.^A.sc     time  of  the  evening,  eveii  the  time  tthat  women  go  out  to  draw  water. 

|8.i3.&32.9.    lo^j^^j  j^g  gj^l^^  ,,Q  ,j^^^^  Q^j  of  „^y  jj^,agtgr  Abraham  !  I  pray  thee, 


&  33.  2.  He.  1 
14. 

i  Jog.  2.  17, 


92  MARRIAGE   OF   ISAAC    AND  REBEKAH.         [Period  II. 

''ai^l]'  ^^'  ^^'     'send  me  good  speed   this  day,  and   show  kindness  unto   my  master 

mGe.  29. 9.  Ex.    Abraham.    ^^  Behold,  I   stand   here  by  the  well   of  water;  and  '"the 

^'  ^^'  daughters  of  the  men  of  the  city  come  out  to  draw  water  ;  ^'^  and  let 

it  come  to  pass,  that  the  damsel  to  whom  I  shall  say,  '  Let  down    thy 

pitcher,  I  pray  thee,  that  I    may  drink  ; '  and  she  shall  say,  '  Drink, 

and  I  will  give  thy  camels  drink  also : '  let  the  same  be  she  that  thou 

"af^istuc  9"'&  ^^^^  appointed  for  thy  servant  Isaac  ;  and  "thereby  shall  I  know  that 

14. 8.  &  20. 7.     thou  hast  showed  kindness  unto  my  master." 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  before  he  had  done  speaking,  that,  behold  ! 

"Ge.11.29.  &     Rebekah  came  out,  who   was   born   to  Bethuel,  son   of  "Milcah,  the 

wife  of  Nahor,  Abraham's  brother,  with  her  pitcher  upon  her  shoul- 

*Re\).goodof     jgf    ^^  And  the  damsel  was  *very  fair  to  look   upon,  a  virofin,  neither 

countenance.  Ge.  -^  i         ^  s      ? 

26. 7.  had  any  man  known  her  ;  and  she  went  down  to  the  well,  and  filled 

her  pitcher,  and  came  up.  ^'  x\nd  the  servant   ran   to  meet   her,  and 
said,  "  Let  me,  I  pray  thee,  drink  a  little  water  of  thy  pitcher."  ^^  And 
piPe. 3.8. &4.  Pghe   said,  "Drink,   my  lord;"  and   she  hasted,   and   let  down   her 
pitcher  upon  her  hand,  and   gave   him  drink.  ^^  And   when  she   had 
done  giving  him  drink,  she   said,  "  I  will   draw  water   for   thy  camels 
also,  until  they  have  done  drinking."  -''And  she  hasted,  and  emptied 
her   pitcher  into  the  trough,  and   ran  again   unto   the   well  to   draw 
water,  and  drew  for  all  his  camels.  ~^  And  the  man  wondering  at  her 
held  his  peace,  to  wit  whether  the  Lord  liad  made  his  journey  pros- 
perous or  not.  ^-  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  the  camels  had  done  drink- 
t  oijeiceifur  the  iug,  that  thc  man  took  a  golden  tearring  of  half  a  shekel  weight,  and 
f^aTEz.  16.  it  two  bracelets   for  her   hands  often    shekels  weight  of  gold  ;  --^  and 
derinjs'^'are'^no  Said,  "  Whosc  daughter  art  thou  ?  tell  me,  I  pray  thee  :  is  there  room 
TT'^\vo"ru°"^"  ^'^  ^'^y  father's  house  for  us  to  lodge  in  ?  "  ^^  And  she  said   unto  him, 
translated  by      "  I  "^am  the  daughter  of  Bethuel  the  son   of  Milcah,  which   she   bare 
J^Hng,  le.^a  uuto  Nahor."  -^  She  said  moreover  unto  him,  "  We  have   both   straw 
^Mifchia^Tyeiy  and  provcudcr  enough,  and  room  to  lodge  in."  ^"^  And  the  man  '"bowed 
mcTfor women  dowu  his   head,  and  worshipped  the  Lord.  ^'^And  he 'said,  "Blessed 
all  over  the  East:  j^g  ^j^g  LoRD  God  of  mv  iiiastcr  Abraham,  who  hath  not  left  destitute 

and  that  this    is  »,.  'ii-  iti-'i  it 

the  true  meaning  my  mastcr  of 'his  morcy  and   his  truth:  1  being  in  the  way,  the  Lord 
evident'^from^     led  iTie  to  the  house  of  my  master's  brethren."  -^  And  the  damsel  ran, 
jGe.S.'a^'^      and  told  them  of  her  mother's  house  these  things. 
rEx.4.31.  20  ^,^(j   Rebekah   had   a   brother,  and  his   name  was  "Laban :  and 

«Ge.  14.20  Ex.  Labau  ran  out  unio  the  man,  unto  the  well.  ^"  And  it  came  to  pass, 
isa.25.32,'39.'  whcu  he  saw  the  earring  and  bracelets  upon  his  sister's  hands,  and 
].^68.^^' ~"' ^"'  when  he  heard  the  words  of  R,ebekah  his  sister,  saying,  "Thus  spake 
t  Ge.  32. 10.  Ps.  the  man  unto  me;"  that  he  came  unto  the  man;  and,  behold,  he 
ttGe.29.5.  stood  by  the  camels  at  the  well.  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Come  in,  "thou 
V  Ge.  26. 29.  Ju.  blcsscd  of  the  LoRD  !  wherefore  standest  thou  without  ?  for  I  have 
Vs.nf.\.'  ^°'  prepared  the  house,  and  room  for  the  camels." 

^~  And  the  man  came  into  the  house :  and  he  ungirded  his  camels, 

"i^^oi''^'  '*'  ■'"■   and  '"gave  straw  and  provender  for  the  camels,  and  water  to  wash  his 

feet,  and   the  men's  feet   that  were  with   him.  ^^  And  there  was   set 

I  Job  23. 12.        meat  before  him  to  eat:  but  he  said,  "  I  ^vill  not  eat,  until   I   have 

j„im_4.34.  Eph.  ^^^^^  ^^^.^^  errand."     And  he  said,  "  Speak  on." 

ySeeGe.  12.2.&       ^^  Aud  he  saitl,  "  I  am  Abraham's  scrvaut.  ^'"And   the  Lord  "hath 

^^'  ^'  blessed  my  master  greatly  ;  and  he  is  become  great :  and  he  hath  given 

him  flocks,  and  herds,  and  silver,  and  gold,  and  menservants,  and  maid- 

z  Ge.  21. 2.  servants,  and  camels,  and  asses.    ^^  And  Sarah  my  master's  wife  *'bare  a 

a  Ge.  21. 10.  &     SOU  to  my  master  when  she  was  old  :  and  "unto  him  hath  he  given  all  that 

^•^"  he  hath.'  ="  And  my  master   made  me  swear,  saying,  '  Thou  shalt  not 

take  a  wife  to  my  son  of  the   daughters  of  the  Canaanitcs,  in  whose 

land  I  dwell  ;  ^^but  thou  shalt  go  unto  my  father's  house,  and  to  my 

kindred,  and  take  u  wife  unto  my  son.'  ^'-'  And  I  said  unto  my  master, 


Part  III.]  MARRIAGE   OF    ISAAC    AND   REBEKAH.  93 

'  Peradventure   the   woman  will  not  follow  me.'  '^^  And   he   said   unto 

sGe.  17.1.         me,  '  The  Lord,  'before  whom  I  walk,  will  send  his  angel   with  thee, 

and  prosper  thy  way  ;  and  thou  shalt  take   a  wife  for   my  son  of  my 

kindred,  and  of  my  father's  house  :  *^  then  shalt  thou   be   clear  from 

this   my  oath,  when   thou   comest   to   my  kindred  ;  and    if  they   give 

not  thee  one,  thou  shalt  be  clear   from  my  oath.'  ''-  And   I   came   this 

day  unto  the  well,  and  said,  '  O  Lord  God  of  my  master   Abraham  ! 

if  now  thou  do  prosper  my  way  which  I  go  ;  ^^  behold,  I   stand  by 

the  well  of  water ;  and  it  shall   come   to  pass,  that  when  the  virgin 

cometh  forth  to  draw  water,  and  I  say  to  her,  '  Give  me,  I  pray  thee, 

a  little  water  of  thy  pitcher  to  drink  ; '  ''''  and   she   say  to   me,  '  Both 

drink  thou,  and  I  will  also  draw  for  thy  camels : '  let  the  same  be  the 

woman  whom   the   Lord   hath  appointed   out   for  my  master's   son. 

c  1  sa.  1. 13.       45  Aj^(]  before  I   had  done  'speaking   in  my   heart,  behold  !    Rebekah 

came  forth  with   her  pitcher  on   her   shoulder ;  and   she  went  down 

unto  the  well,  and  drew  water  ;  and  I  said  unto  her,  '  Let   me   drink, 

I  pray  thee.'  ^^^  And  she  made  haste,  and  let  down   her  pitcher   froni 

her  shoulder,  and  said,  '  Drink,  and  I  will  give  thy  camels  drink  also  ; ' 

so  I  drank,  and  she  made  the  camels  drink  also.  ^^  And  I  asked  her, 

and  said, '  Whose  daughter  art  thou  ? '     And  she  said,  '  The  daughter 

dseever.22.       of  Bcthucl,  Nahor's  SOU,  whom  Milcah  bare   unto  him;'  and   I  ""put 

the  earring  upon  her  face,  and  the  bracelets  upon  her  hands.  ^^  And 

I  bowed  down  my  head,  and  worshipped   the  Lord,  and   blessed   the 

Lord  God  of  my  master  Abraham,  which  had  led  me  in  the  right  way 

eGe.22.23.        to  take 'my  master's  brother's  daughter  uuto  his   son.  ''^  And   now  if 

/Ge.  47. 29.  Jos.   yc  will  -^dcal  kiiidly  and  truly  with  my  master,  tell  me ;  and   if  not, 

'■  ^''"  tell  me  ;  that  I  may  turn  to  the  right   hand,  or  to   the  left."  ^^  Then 

„.ps.  118.93.       Laban  and  Bethuel  answered  and  said,  "  The  ^thing  proceedeth  from 

Mat.  21.  42.  Ma.    ^^^^  ^^^^  _     ^^   ^^^^^^^^  „^^^^^  ^^^^    ^j^^^    ^^^^    ^^    ^^^^^    51  Behold,   Rc- 

a  Ge.  31.  24.        ^^^j^^j^  j^  bcforc  thcc,  take  her,  and   go,  and   let  her  be  thy  master's 
son's  wife,  as   the  Lord  hath  spoken." 

52  And  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when  Abraham's  servant  heard   their 

words,  he  worshipped  the  Lord,  bowing  himself  to  the  earth.  ^^  And 

X  Heb.  vessels,      ^j^g   scrvaut  brought   forth  tjewels  of  silver,  and  jewels  of  gold,  and 

l\\tit  "■  raiment,  and  gave  them  to  Rebekah  :  he  gave  also  to  her  brother  and 

t2Ch.2i.3.Ezra  to  her  mothcr'^^precious  things.  ^'^  And  they  did  eat  and  drink,  he  and 

^"  ''■  the  men  that  were  with   him,  and  tarried  all  night ;  and  they  rose  up 

in  the  morning,  and  he  said,  "  Send  me  away  unto  my  master."   ^^  And 

*  Or,  a  fall  ymr,    her  brothcr  and  licr   mother  said,  "  Let  the   damsel  abide  with  us  *a 

ju'.  H.r'"-     few  days,  at  the  least  ten;  after  that  she   shall  go."  ^^  And   he   said 

unto  them,  "Hinder  me  not,  seeing  the  Lord    hath   prospered  my 

way  ;  send  me  away  that  I  may  go  to  my  master."  ^^  And   they  said, 

"  We  will  call  the  damsel,  and  inquire  at  her  mouth."  ^^  And  they 

called  Rebekah,  and  said  unto  her,  '•  Wilt  thou  go  with  this  man  ?  " 

And  she   said,  "  I   will  go."  ^'^And   they  sent  aw^ay   Rebekah  their 

jGe.35.8.  sister,  and  ^ her  nurse,  and  Abraham's   servant,  and   his  men.  ''^And 

they  blessed  Rebekah,  and  said   unto   her,  "  Thou  art  our   sister,  be 

k Ge.  17. 16.        thou  'the  mother   of  thousands  of  millions,  and  'let  thy  seed  possess 

zGe.22. 17.        tiic  gate  of  thosc  which  hate  them." 

«^  And   R^ebekah  arose,  and  her   damsels,  and  they  rode  upon  the 

camels,  and  followed   the  man :  and  the  servant  took   Rebekah,  and 

m  Ge.  16. 14.  &    wcut  hls  Way.   '^^  And  Isaac  came  from  the  way  of  the  ""well  Lahai-roi ; 

to;V;p™„Jo.  for  he  dwelt   in   the  south  country.  ^3  And  Isaac  went  out  tto  medi- 

7- P^&Vi9'i1  tate  in  the  field  at  the  eventide  ;  and  he   Ufted  up  his   eyes,  and  saw, 

&143.5.    ■    ■  and,  behold,  the  camels  were   coming.  ^^^  And   Rebekah  lifted   up   her 

„  Jos.  15. 18.       eyes,  and  when  she  saw  Isaac,  "she  lighted  off  the  camel ;  ^^  for  she  had 

said  unto  the  servant,  "  What  man  is  this  that  walketh  in  the  field  to 


94 


DEATH   OF    ABRAHAM. 


[Period  U. 


A.  M.  ab.  2151 

to  2180. 

B.  C.  ab.  1853  to 

1824. 

Hales,  2012  to 

1972. 

Canaan. 


meet  us  ?  "  And  the  servant  had  said, ''  It  is  my  master ;  "  therefore  she 
took  a  veil,  and  covered  herself.  ^^  And  the  servant  told  Isaac  all 
things  that  he  had  done.  ^''And  Isaac  brought  her  into  his  mother 
Sarah's  tent,  and  took  Rebekah,  and  she  became  his  wife  ;  and  he 
loved  her  :  and  Isaac  "was  comforted  after  his  mother's  death. 

Sectio.v  XIX. — Marriage  of  Abraham  with  Kcturah. 
Gen.  XXV.  1-6. 

^  Then  again  Abraham  took  a  v^^ife,  and  her  name  was  Keturah. 
2  And  "she  bare  him  Zimran,  and  Jokshan,  and  Medan,  and  Midian, 
and  Ishbak,  and  Shuah.  ^  And  Jokshan  begat  Sheba,  and  Dedan. 
And  the  sons  of  Dedan  were  Asshurim,  and  Letushim,  and  Leum- 
mim.  ''  And  the  sons  of  Midian  ;  Ephah,  and  Epher,  and  Hanoch, 
and  Abidah,  and  Eldaah.     All  these  were  the  children  of  Keturah. 

^  And  ''Abraham  gave  all  that  he  had  unto  Isaac.  ^  But  unto  the 
sons  of  the  concubines,  which  Abraham  had,  Abraham  gave  gifts, 
and  'sent  them  away  from  Isaac  his  son,  while  he  yet  lived,  eastward, 
unto  ''the  east  country. 


SECT.   XX. 

A.  M.&231. 

B.  C.  1857. 
T.  1836. 

Hales,  1993. 
Canaan. 

a  1  Ch.  5.  20. 
2  Ch.  33.  13. 

Ezra  8.  23. 


c  1  Sa.  9.  9.  &  10. 

22. 
d  Ge.  17.  16.  & 

24.  GO. 
e2Sa.  8.  14. 
/Ge.  27.  29.  Mai. 

1.  3.  Ro.  9.  12. 
/rGe.  27.  11,  16, 


jJobl.  1,8.  &  2. 

3.  Pa.  37.  37. 
*  Heb.  veiiison 

was  ia  his  mou'h. 

Ge.  27.  6,19,25. 

31. 


SECT.  xxr. 

A.  M.  2182. 

B.  C.  1822. 
T.  1821. 

Hales,  1978. 
Mamre. 

oGe.  1.5.  1.5. 
b  Ge.  35.  29.  & 
49.  33. 
c  Ge.  50.  13. 
d  Ge.  2:?.  16. 
e  Ge.  49.  31. 


Section  XX. — Birth  of  Esau  and  Jacob. 

Gen.  XXV.  19-28. 

Isaac  ■prayHk  for  Rebekah,  being  barren.     22  The  children  strive  in  he>  womb.     24  Tlie  birth  of 
Esau  and  Jacob.     27  Their  difference. 

^^  And  these  are  the  generations  of  Isaac,  Abraham's  son :  Abra- 
ham begat  Isaac  :  ^'^  and  Isaac  was  forty  years  old  when  he  took  Re- 
bekah to  wife,  the  daughter  of  Bethuel  the  Syrian  of  Padan-aram, 
the  sister  to  Laban  the  Syrian.  ~^  And  Isaac  entreated  the  Lord  for 
his  wife,  because  she  was  barren  ;  "and  the  Lord  was  entreated  of 
him,  and  ''Rebekah  his  wife  conceived.  —  And  the  children  struggled 
together  within  her;  and  she  said,  "If  it  be  so,  why  am  I  thus?" 
''and  she  went  to  inquire  of  the  Lord.  -^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  her, 
"  Two  ''nations  are  in  thy  womb,  and  two  manner  of  people  shall  be 
separated  from  thy  bowels  ;  'and  the  one  people  shall  be  stronger  than 
the  other  people  ;  and  ■'^the  elder  shall  serve  the  younger." 

2^  And  when  her  days  to  be  delivered  were  fulfilled,  behold,  there 
were  twins  in  her  womb.  ^^  And  the  first  came  out  red,  ^all  over  like 
a  hairy  garment ;  and  they  called  his  name  Esau.  ^^  And  after  tiiat 
came  his  brother  out,  and  ''his  hand  took  hold  on  Esau's  heel ;  and 
his  name  was  called  Jacob :  and  Isaac  was  threescore  years  old  wlien 
she  bare  them.  ^^  And  the  boys  grew  :  and  Esau  was  'a  cunning  hun- 
ter, a  man  of  the  field  ;  and  Jacob  was  ^a  plain  man,  dwelling  in 
tents.  2^  And  Isaac  loved  Esau,  because  *he  did  eat  of  his  venison ; 
but  Rebekah  loved  Jacob. 

Section  XXI. — Death  of  Abraham. 
Gen.  XXV.  7-10. 
■^  And  these  are  the  days  of  the  years  of  Abraham's  life  which  he 
lived,  an  hundred  threescore  and  fifteen  years.  ^  Then  Abraham  gave 
up  the  ghost,  and  "died  in  a  good  old  age,  an  old  man,  and  full  of 
years ;  and  Svas  gathered  to  his  people.  '■'  And  'his  sons  Isaac  and 
Ishmael  buried  him  in  tiie  cave  of  Machpelah,  in  the  field  of  Ephron 
the  son  of  Zohar  the  Hittite,  which  is  before  Mamre  ;  ^°  the  "field  which 
Abraham  purchased  of  the  sons  of  Heth  :  'there  was  Abraham  buried, 
and  Sarah  his  wife. 


SECT.  I. 

A. 

M.  ab.  2200. 

B. 

C.  ab.  1804. 

Laliai-roi. 

aG 

2-1, 

e.  16.  14.  &. 
.62. 

i  Ge.  12.  10. 

f ART  IV.]  COVENANT   OF   ISAAC    WITH    ABIMELECH.  95 

PART    IV. 

FROM   THE   DEATH   OF   ABRAHAM,  TO   THE    SELLING   OF   JOSEPH 
BY   HIS  BRETHREN. 

Section  I. — Esau  sells  Ids  Birthright. 
Gkn.  XXV.  11.,  xxvi.  part  ofver.  1,  a7id  xxv.  29,  to  the  eyid. 

11  AND  it  came   to  pass  after  the    death  of  Abraham,   that  God 
blessed  his  son  Isaac  ;  and  Isaac  dwelt  by  "the  well  Lahai-roi. 

1  And  there  was  a  famine  in  the  land,  beside  Hhe   first  faniii;o   that 
was  in  the  days  of  Abraham. 

-^  And  Jacob  sod  pottage :  and  Esau  came  from  the  field,  and  he 
^S  with  thai*r.1  was  faint :  ^o  and  Esau  said  to  Jacob,  "  Feed  me,  I  pray  thee,  *with 
pottage.  that  same  red  pottage  ;  for  I  am  faint :  "  therefore  was  his  name  called 

■  Herii««'!"  ^^'^om.  31  And  Jacob  said,  '^  Sell  me  this  day  thy  birthright."  ^2  And 
^Jf^^-^'^''st-o  i^g^jj  g^jj^  u  Behold,  I  am  lat  the  point  to  die  :  and  what  profit  shall 
this  birthright  do  to  me  ?  "  ^^  And  Jacob  said,  '•  Swear  to  me  this  day  ;  " 
and  he  sware  unto  him ;  and  'he  sold  his  birthright  unto  Jacob. 
Then  Jacob  gave  Esau  bread  and  pottage  of  lentiles  ;  and  ''lie  did 
eat  and  drink,  and  rose  up,  and  went  his  way :  thus  Esau  despised 
his  birthright.'^' 

SECT.  II.  Section  II. — Covenant  of  Isaac  loith  Abimelech  at  Gcrar. 

A.  W.  ab.  220O.  Gen.  xxvi.  latter  part  ofver.  1,  to  the  end. 

B.  C.  1804.        Isaac  goes  to  Gerar.     2  God  instructeth  and  blesseth  him.     7  He  is  reproved  by  Abimelech  for  deny- 
ijig  his  wife.     12  He  groweth  rich.     18  He  diggeth  Ezek,  SitnaJi,  and  Rehoboth.     26  Abimelech 
G^rar.  maketh  a  covenant  irith  him  at  Beer-slieba.   34  Esau's  wives. 

And  Isaac  went  unto  "Abimelech  king  of  the  Philistines  unto  Gerar. 


<;  Ec.  S.  15.  Is.  22.    34 
13.  1  Co.  15.  32, 


a  Ge.  20.  2. 


^  And  the  Lord  appeared  unto  him,  and  said,  "  Go  not  down 


i  Ge.  12. 1.  &  20.  ^""  "-"^  -uoiiD  appeaieu  unio  mm,  ana  saia,  '^  uo  not  clown  into 

i.Ps.39.i2.He:  Egypt;  dwell  in  'the  land  which  I  shall  tell  thee  of:  ^  sojourn  in  this 

cGe.28. 15.        laud,  aud'I   will   be  with   thee,  and  will  bless   thee;  "^for  unto  thee, 

dsieeG8.i2.  7.    and  uuto  thy  seed,  I  will  give  all  these  countries,  and  I  will  perform 

the  oath  which  I  sware  unto  Abraham   thy  father.  ^  And  I  will  make 

thy  seed  to   multiply  as  the  stars  of  heaven,  and  will  give  unto  thy 

seed  all  these  countries  ;  and  in  thy  seed  shall  all  the  nations  of  the 

e  Ge.  23. 16,  IS.    earth  be  blessed  ;  ^  because  'that  Abraham  obeyed  my  voice,  and  kept 

my  charge,  my  commandments,  my  statutes,  and  my  laws." 

^  And  Isaac  dwelt  in  Gerar.   '  And  the  men  of  the  place  asked  him 

/Ge._i2.i3.&20.  of  his  wifc  ;  and  ^he  said,  "  She  is  my  sister:  "   for  ^he  feared  to  say, 

g-Pr.20.  25.         She  is  my  wife  ;  "  Lest,"  said  he,  "  the  men  of  the  place  should  kill  me 

for  R,ebekah  ;  because  she  was  fair  to  look  upon.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass, 

when  he  had  been  there   a   long  time,  that  Abimelech  king  of  the 

Philistines  looked  out   at  a  window,  and    saw,  and,   behold,  Isaac  was 

sporting  with  Rebekah   his  wife.  .^  And   Abimelech   called   Isaac,  and 

said,  "  Behold,  of  a  surety    she  is   thy  wife  :  and  how    saidst  thou, 

'  She  is  my  sister  ? '  "  And  Isaac  said  unto  him,  "  Because  I  said, '  Lest, 

I  die  for  her.'  "   i"  And  Abimelech  said,  "  What  is  this  thou  hast  done 

unto  us  ?  one  of  the  people  might  lightly  have  lien  with  thy  wife,  and 

AGe.2o.  9.         ''thou  shouldcst  havc  brought  guiltiness  upon   us."   ^^  And' Abimelech 

iPs.  105. 15.        charged   all   his   people,  saying,  "  He  that 'toucheth  this   man  or   !iis 

wife  shall  surely  be  put  to  death." 

(8)  The  same   famine  which  compelled  Isaac  to  hunting  could  not  find  in  his  father's  tent  sufficient 

go  to  Gerar  (ppn.  xxvi.  1.),  caused  Esau  to  sell  his  food  to  appease  the  cravings  of  hunger.     Esau,  for 

birthright.     Some   powerful    reason    seems    to   be  this  mesa  of  pottage,  yieldtng  to  the  temptation  of 

necessary  to  account  for  this  absurd   and  wicked  the  moment,  renounced,  both   for  himself  and  his 

exchange  of  the  privileges  of  the  birthright  for  a  descendants,  all  the  privileges  of  primogeniture,  and 

mess  of  lentile  pottage,  the  commonest  food  of  the  the  covenant  which  God  made  with  Abraham,  that 

country.     Esau  was  the  eldest  son   of  a    prince  or  from  him  the  Messiah  should  descend.— Lightfoot, 

emir ;  and  the  situation  of  the  country  must  have  Stackhouse. 
been  deplorable,  when  such  a  man  on  his  return  from 


96 


DEATH   OF   ISH?.IAEL— KIS   FAMILY. 


[Period  II. 


Hcb.f(mnd. 


t  Uch.zBmt  !;oing. 

Ps.  112.  3.   Pr. 

10.22. 
I  Or,  husbandry, 
k  Ge.  37.  11.  Ec. 

4.4. 

IGe.21.  30. 
m  Ex.  1.  9. 


•  Heb.  living. 
Ge.  21.  25. 


t  That  is,  Conten- 
tipii. 


X  Tliat  is,  Ilutrcd. 


*  That  is,  Room. 
pSee  Ge.  12.2. 


5  See  Ge.  15.  1. 
r  See  Ge.  12.  2. 


t  Ge.  21. 22. 
itJu.  11.7. 
f  Heb.  Seeing  ice 

saw.  Ge.  21.  22, 

23. 


J  Ueh.ifthou 
shall,  4'c. 

»SeeGe.  12.  2,3. 
to  Ge.  19.  3. 
iGc.21.  31. 


*  That  is,  an  oath. 
t  That  is,  the  well 


y  Ge.  36.  2. 

t  Heb.  hitterness 

of  spirit.  Ge.  27. 

4o.  &38.  1,8. 


^^Then  Isaac  sowed  in  that  land,  and  *reccived  in  the  same  year 
^an  hundredfold  :  and  the  Loud  blessed  him.  ^^  And  the  man  waxed 
great,  and  twent  forward,  and  grew  until  lie  became  very  great  ; 
^"*  for  he  had  possession  of  Hocks,  and  possession  of  herds,  and  great 
store  of  tservants  :  and  the  Philistines  ^envied  him.  ^^  For  all  'the  wells 
which  his  father's  servants  had  digged  in  the  days  of  Abraham  his 
father,  the  Philistines  had  stopped  them,  and  filled  them  with  earth. 
^^  And  Abimelech  said  unto  Isaac,  "  Go  from  us ;  "'for  thou  art  much 
mightier  thafl  w^e." 

^'  And  Isaac  departed  thence,  and  pitched  his  tent  in  the  valley  of 
Gerar,  and  dwelt  there.  ^^  And  Isaac  digged  again  the  wells  of  water, 
which  they  had  digged  in  the  days  of  Abraham  his  father  ;  for  the 
Philistines  had  stopped  them  after  the  death  of  Abraham  :  "and  he 
called  their  names  after  the  names  by  which  his  father  had  called 
them.  ^^  And  Isaac's  servants  digged  in  the  valley,  and  found  there  a 
well  of  *springing  water.  ^^  And  the  herdmen  of  Gerar  "did  strive 
with  Isaac's  herdmen,  saying,  "The  water  is  ours:"  and  he  called 
the  name  of  the  well  tEsek ;  because  they  strove  with  him.  ^' And 
they  digged  another  well,  and  strove  for  that  also  :  and  he  called  the 
name  of  it  tSitnah.  ^^  And  he  removed  from  thence,  and  digged 
another  well ;  and  for  that  they  strove  not :  and  he  called  the  name 
of  it  *Rehoboth  ;  and  he  said,  "  For  now  the  Lord  hath  made  room 
for  us,  and  ''we  shall  be  fruitful  in  the  land."  ~^  And  he  went  up  from 
thence  to  Beer-sheba.  ^^  And  the  Lord  appeared  unto  him  the  same 
night,*''  and  said,  '•  I  'am  the  God  of  Abraham  thy  father  :  '^fear  not, 
for  I  am  with  thee,  and  will  bless  thee,  and  multiply  thy  seed  for  my 
servant  Abraham's  sake."  ~^  And  he  builded  an  altar  there,  and  'called 
upon  the  name  of  the  Lord,  and  pitched  his  tent  there  ;  and  there 
Isaac's  servants  digged  a  well. 

^^  Then  Abimelech  went  to  him  from  Gerar,  and  Ahuzzath  one  of 
his  friends,  and  Thichol  the  chief  captain  of  his  army.  ^~  And  Isaac 
said  unto  them,  "  Wherefore  come  ye  to  me,  "seeing  ye  hate  me,  and 
have  sent  me  away  from  you  ?  "  -^  And  they  said,  '•'  tWe  saw  certainly 
that  the  Lord  was  with  thee :  and  we  said,  '  Let  there  be  now  an 
oath  betwixt  us,  even  betwixt  us  and  thee,  and  let  us  make  a  covenant 
with  thee  ;  ^^  tthat  thou  wilt  do  us  no  hurt,  as  we  have  not  touched 
thee,  and  as  we  have  done  unto  thee  nothing  but  good,  and  have  sent 
thee  away  in  peace :  "thou  art  now  the  blessed  of  the  Lord." 
2°  And  ""he  made  them  a  feast,  and  they  did  eat  and  drink.  ^^  And 
they  rose  up  betimes  in  the  morning,  and  ""sware  one  to  another :  and 
Isaac  sent  them  away,  and  they  departed  from  him  in  peace.  ^~  And 
it  came  to  pass  the  same  day,  that  Isaac's  servants  came,  and  told 
him  concerning  the  well  which  they  had  digged,  and  said  unto  him, 
"  We  have  found  water."  =^^  And  he  called  it  *Shebah  ;  therefore  the 
name  of  the  city  is  tBeer-sheba  unto  this  day. 

^^  And  ^Esau  was  forty  years  old  when  he  took  to  wife  Judith  the 
daughter  of  Beeri  the  Hittite,  and  Bashemath  the  daughter  of  Elon  the 
Hittite  :  ^''  which  were  ta  erief  of  mind  unto  Isaac  and  to  Rebekah. 


-^  Section  III. — DeatJi  of  Ishmacl — His  Famihj. 

A-  M.  2231.  Qj,j,    ^^^    IO_i8. 

hIles,  1930."          ^^  And  these  are  the  years  of  the  life  of  Ishmael,  an  hundred  and 

iiaviiah.        thirty  and  seven  years  ;  and  he  gave  up  the  ghost  and  died,  and  was 

a  1  sa.  15. 7.       gathered  unto  his'peopls  ;  '**  (and  "they  dwelt  from  Havilah  unto  Shur, 

(')  A  constant  intercourse  was  maintained  be-  cessary  either  to  revive  the  remembrance  of  the 
tween  the  Patriarch,  and  tlie  Anjrel  .Tohovah,  the  promise,  or  to  encourage  his  dependence  upon 
protecting  God  of  his  family,  so  far  as   it  was  ne-     God. 


Part  IV.]  JACOB  OBTAINS  HIS  FATHER'S  BLESSING.  97 

*neb./cH.  Ge.     tliatis  before  Egypt,  as   thou  goest  toward  Assyria ;)  and   he  *died 
^^'  ^~'  in  the  presence  of  all  his  brethren. 

6Ge.  16. 15.  12  ]\fow  thcso  are  the  generations  of  Ishniael,  x^braham's  son,  ''whom 

Hagar  the   Egyptian,  Sarah's   handmaid,  bare   unto  Abraham,  ^^  And 
cich.  1.29.        'these  are  the  names  of  the  sons  of  Ishmael,  by  their  names,  according 

to   their  generations:    the  firstborn  of  Ishmael,  Nebajoth ;  and  Kedar, 

and   Adbeel,  and  Mibsam,  ^'^  and  Mishma,  and   Dumah,  and  Massa, 
t  Or  /fo/ia^,        15  fJJadar,  and  Tenia,  Jetur,  Naphish,  and  Kedemah,  ^^  These  are  the 

sons  of  Ishmael,  and  these  are  their  names,  by  their  towns,  and  by  their 
d  Ge.  17. 20.        castles  ;  "twelve  princes  according  to  their  nations. 


Section  IV. — Jacob,  hy  stratagem,  obtains  his  Father's  Blessing. 
SECT.  IV.  Gen.  xxvii.  1-45. 

Isaac  sendeth  Esau  for  venison.    6  Rebekah  instructeth  Jacob  to  obtain  the  blessing.    15  Jacob,  under 

A.  M.  2244.  the  person  of  Esau,  obtaineth  it.  30  Esau  bringeth  venison.  34  Esau  complaineth,  and  by  importu- 

B.  C.  1760.  nittj  obtaineth  a  blessing.     41  He  threatcneth  Jacob.     42  Rebekah  disappoinleth  it. 

Hales,  1916.         1  ^^.^  jj  ^amc  to  pass,  that  when  Isaac  was  old,  and  "his  eyes  were 
Canaan.        ^.^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  could  uot  SCO,  hc  Called  Esau  his   eldest  son,  and  said 

"s^s  ^' ^°' ^  ^'''  unto  him,  "My  son!"  and  he  said  unto  him,  "Behold,  here  am  I." 

6 Pr. 27. 1. Ja. 4.  ^  And  lic  Said,  "Behold  now,  I   am   old,  'I  know  not  the  day  of  my 
^^"  ^.  death  ;  ^  now  'therefore  take,  I  pray   thee,  thy  weapons,  thy  quiver 

'*UeKhunt.  and  thy  bow,  and  go  out  to  the  field,  and  *  take  me  some  venison; 
^  and  make  me  savoury  meat,  such  as  I  love,  and  bring  it  to  me,  that 

'^49''2f  be  !«■  f  ^  ^^y  ®^^ '  ^^^^^  "^y  ^^"^  ''may  bless  thee  before  I  die."  ^  And  Ptebekah 
heard  when  Isaac  spake  to  Esau  his  son.  And  Esau  went  to  the  field 
to  hunt  for  venison,  and  to  bring  it. 

6  And  Rebekah  spake  unto  Jacob  her  son,  saying,  "  Behold,  I  heard 
thy  father  speak  unto  Esau  thy  brother,  saying,  "^ '  Bring  me  venison, 
and  make  me  savoury  meat,  that  I  may  eat,  and  bless  thee  before  the 
Lord  before  my  death.'  ^  Now  therefore,  my  son,  obey  my  voice 
according  to  that  which  I  command  thee.  ^  Go  now  to  the  flock,  and 
fetch  me  from  thence  two  good  kids  of  the  goats,  and  I  will  make 
them  savoury  meat  for  thy  father,  such  as  he  loveth  ;  ^^  and  thou  shalt 
bring  it  to  thy  father,  that  he  may  eat,  and  that  he  may  bless  thee  be- 
fore his  death." 

eGe.2o.25.  ^  And    Jacob    said   to    Rebekah  his  mother,  "Behold,  'Esau  my 

brother  is  a  hairy  man,  and  I  am  a  smooth  man :   ^~  my  father  perad- 
venture  will   feel  me,  and  I  shall   seem  to  him  as  a  deceiver ;  and  I 

/Ge.  9. 25.         shall  bring  %  curse  upon  me,  and  not  a  blessing."   ^^  And  his  mother 

irGe.43. 9. 1  sa.  said  uuto  him,  "  Upon  °me  be  thy  curse,  my  son  :  only  obey  my  voice, 
aMat.^27.''25!  "  aud  go  fctch  mc  them."  ^^  And   he  went,  and  fetched,  and  brought 
them  to  his  mother :  and  his  mother  made  savoury  meat,  such  as  his 
father  loved. 

\  ueh.  desirabje.  15  ^^lA  Rcbckah  took  fgoodly  raiment  of  her  eldest  son  Esau,  which 
were  with  her  in  the  house,  and  put  them  upon  Jacob  her  younger 
son  ;  ^"^  and  she  put  the  skins  of  the  kids  of  the  goats  upon  his  hands, 
and  upon  the  smooth  of  his  neck  ;  ^''  and  she  gave  the  savoury  meat 
and  the  bread,  which  she  had  prepared,  into  the  hand  of  her  son 
Jacob.  ^®  And  he  came  unto  his  father,  and  said,  "  My  father !  "  And 
he  said,  "  Here  am  I ;  who  art  thou,  my  son  ?  "  ^^  And  Jacob  said 
unto  his  father,  "  I  am  Esau  thy  firstborn  ;  I  have  done  according  as 
thou  badest  me  ;  arise,  I  pray  thee,  sit  and  eat  of  my  venison,  that 
thy  soul  may  bless  me."  ^°  And  Isaac  said  unto  his  son,  "  How  is  it  that 
thou  hast  found  it  so  quickly,  my  son  ?  "  And  he  said,  "  Because   the 

t  Heb.  before  me.  Loj^p  thy  God  brought  it  tto  me."  -^  And  Isaac  said  unto  Jacob, 
"  Come  near,  I  pray  thee,  that  I  may  feel  thee,  my  son,  whether  thou  be 
my  very  son  Esau  or  not."  ^  And  Jacob  went  near  unto  Isaac  his  father  ; 
and  he  felt  him,  and  said,  "  The  voice  is  Jacob's  voice,  but  the  hands 

VOL.  I.  13  I 


98 


JACOB  OBTAINS  HIS  FATHER'S  BLESSING. 


[Period  II. 


i  Ge.  45.  18.  De. 
33.  J3,  38.  He. 
11.  20. 


j  Ge.  9.  25.  Sl  25. 
23. 


k  Ge.  49.  8. 
ISeeGe.  12.  3. 


*  Heb.  trembled 

with  a  srrect 

trsmbliiig 

greatly. 
t  Heb.  hunted, 
m  Ge.  28.  3,  4. 

Ro.  11.  29. 
n  He.  12, 17. 


are  the  hands  of  Esau."  ^-^  And  he  discerned  hhn  not,  because  his 
hands  were  hairy,  as  his  brother  Esau's  hands  ;  so  he  blessed  him, 
^*  And  he  said,  "  Art  thou  my  very  son  Esau  ?  "  And  he  said,  "  I  am." 
^^  And  he  said,  '•  Bring  it  near  to  me,  and  I  will  eat  of  my  son's 
venison,  that  my  soul  may  bless  thee."  And  he  brought  it  near  to  him, 
and  he  did  eat ;  and  he  brought  him  wine,  and  he  drank.  '^'°  And 
his  father  Isaac  said  unto  him,  '•Come  near  now,  and  kiss  me,  my  son." 
^^  And  he  came  near,  and  kissed  him :  and  he  smelled  the  smell  of 
his  raiment,  and  blessed  him,  and  said, — 

"  See  !   ''the  smell  of  my  son  is  as  the  smell  of  a  field 

Which  the  Lord  hath  blessed  : 
^^  Therefore  *God  give  thee  of  the  dew  of  heaven, 

And  the  fatness  of  the  earth, 

And  plenty  of  corn  and  wine  : 
^^  Let  'people  serve  thee. 

And  nations  bow  down  to  thee : 

Be  lord  over  thy  brethren. 

And  Met  thy  mother's  sons  bow  down  to  thee  : 

Cursed  'be  every  one  that  curseth  thee, 

And  blessed  be  he  that  blesseth  thee  !  " 
"^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  soon  as  Isaac  had  made  an  end  of  bless- 
ing Jacob,  and  Jacob  was  yet  scarce  gone  out  from  the  presence  of 
Isaac  his  father,  that  Esau  his  brother  came  in  from  his  hunting. 
^^  And  he  also  had  made  savoury  meat,  and  brought  it  unto  his  father, 
and  said  unto  his  father,  "  Let  my  father  arise,  and  eat  of  his  son's 
venison,  that  thy  soul  may  bless  me."  ^^  And  Isaac  his  father  said 
unto  him,  "  Who  art  thou  ?  "  And  he  said,  "  I  am  thy  son,  thy  first- 
born Esau."  ^^  And  Isaac  *trembled  very  exceedingly,  and  said, ''  Who  ? 
where  is  he  that  hath  ttaken  venison,  and  brought  it  me,  and  I  have 
eaten  of  all  before  thou  camest,  and  have  blessed  him  ?  yea,  '"and  he 
shall  be  blessed."  ^^  And  when  Esau  heard  the  words  of  his  father, 
"he  cried  with  a  great  and  exceeding  bitter  crv,  and  said  unto  his 


q  Ho.  12.  17. 


t  Or.ofthe  fatness. 
He.  11.  20. 


r  Ge.  25.  23.  Ob. 

18-20.  2Sa.  8. 

14. 
a  2  Ki.  8.  20. 

tGe.  37.  4,8. 

uGe.50.  3,  4,  10. 
Ob.  10. 


father,  "  Bless  me, 


me  also,  O    my  father ! "  ^^  And    he    said, 


Thy  brother  came  with  subtilty,  and  hath  taken  away  thy  blessing." 
^^  And  he  said,  "  Is  not  he  rightly  named  tJacob  ?  for  he  hath  sup- 
planted me  these  two  times  ;  "he  took  away  my  birthright,  and,  be- 
hold, now  he  hath  taken  away  my  blessing."  And  he  said,  "  Hast  thou 
not  reserved  a  blessing  for  me  ?  "  -'^  And  Isaac  answered  and  said  unto 
Esau,  "  Behold,  ^I  have  made  him  thy  lord,  and  all  his  brethren  have 
I  given  to  him  for  servants  ;  and  with  corn  and  wine  have  I  *sustained 
him :  and  what  shall  I  do  now  unto  thee,  my  son  ?  "  ^^  And  Esau  said 
unto  his  father,  •'  Hast  tiiou  but  one  blessing,  my  father  ?  bless  me, 
even  me  also,  O  my  father  !  "  And  Esau  lifted  up  his  voice,  'and  wept. 
2^  And  Isaac  his  father  answered  and  said  unto  him, — 

"  Behold  !  thy  dwelling  shall  be  tthe  fatness  of  the  earth. 

And  of  the  dew  of  heaven  from  above  ; 
^•^  And  by  thy  sword  shalt  thou  live. 

And  'shalt  serve  thy  brother  ; 

And  ''it  shall  come  to  pass  when  thou  shalt  have  the  dominion. 

That  thou  shalt  break  his  yoke  from  oflf  thy  neck." 
''^  And  Esau  'hated  Jacob  because  of  the  blessing  wherewith  his 
father  blessed  him ;  and  Esau  said  in  his  heart,  "  The  "days  of 
mourning  for  iny  father  are  at  hand,  then  will  I  slay  my  brother 
Jacob."  '■-  And  these  words  of  Esau  her  elder  son  were  told  to  Rebe- 
kah  ;  and  she  sent  and  called  Jacob  her  younger  son,  and  said  unto 
him,  "  Behold,  thy  brother  Esau,  as  touching  thee,  doth  "comfort  him- 
self, purposing  to  kill  thee.  '^■^  Now  therefore,  my  son,  obey  my  voice, 


hGe.  17.  1,  6 
*  Heb.aii  assembly 
of  people. 


Part  IV.]  JOURNEY  OF  JACOB  TO  PADAN-ARAM.  99 

«Ge.  U.31.  and  arise,  flee  thou  to  Laban  my  brother  '"to  Haran,  ^4  and  tarry  with 
him  a  few  days,  until  thy  brother's  fury  turn  away,  '•^  (until  thy 
brother's  anger  turn  away  from  thee,  and  he   forget  that  which  thou 

■ hast  done  to  him  ;)  then  I  will  send,  and  fetch  thee  from  thence :  why 

should  I  be  deprived  also  of  you  both  in  one  day  ? " 

SEcr^  V.  Section  V. — Journctj  of  Jacob  to  Padan-aram. 

A.  M.  2244.  Gen.  xxvii.  46,  chap,  xxviii.,  and  xxix.  1-14. 

B.  C.  1760.  j^^^^  blesselh  Jacob,  and  sendetli  him  to  Padan-aram.  6  Esau  mameth  Mahalath  the  daughter  of 
Hales,  1916.  Jshmuel.  10  Tlie  vision  of  Jacob's  ladder.  18  Tlie  stone  of  Bethel.  20  Jacob's  vow.  —  Chap. 
Padan-aram.  xxix.  1  Jacob  Cometh  to  the  '  well  of  Haran.     9  Jacob  taketh  acquaintance  of  Rachel.     13  Laban 

entertaineth  him. 

a  Ge.  26. 35.  46  ^ND  Robekah  Said  to  Isaac,  "  I  "am  weary  of  my  life  because  of 

b  Go.  24. 3.         the  dauo-hters  of  Heth  ;  'if  Jacob  take  a  wife  of  the  daughters  of  Heth, 

such  aslhese  which  are  of  the  daughters  of  the  land,  what  good  shall 

my  life  do  me  ?" 

c  Ge.  27. 28.  1  ^nd  Isaac  called  Jacob,  and  'blessed  him,  and  charged  him,  Gen.  xxviii. 

d  Ge.  24. 3.         and  said  unto  him, "  Thou  ''shalt  not  take  a  wife  of  the  daughters 

« Ge. 25. 20. Ho.   ^f  Canaan.  -Arise,  'go  to  Padan-aram,  to  the  house  of  -^Bethuel  thy 

/Ge.^i.  23.        mother's  father  ;  and  take  thee  a  wife  from  thence  of  the  daughters 

g Ge.  24. 29.       of  »Laban  thy  mother's  brother.  ^  And  ''God  Almighty  bless  thee,  and 

make  thee  fruitful,  and  multiply  thee,  that  thou  mayest  be  *a  multitude 

of  people  ;  '^  and  give  thee  Hhe  blessings  of  Abraham,  to  thee,  and  to 

\%IkV^vI-    thy  seed  with  thee  ;  that  thou  mayest  ^inherit  the  land  twherein  thou 

joiivnings.  Ge.    ^rt  a  strangcr,  which  God   gave  unto  Abraham."  ^  And  Isaac  sent 

away  Jacob'';  and  he  Avent  to  Padan-aram  unto  Laban,  son  of  Bethuel 

the  Syrian,  the  brother  of  Rebekah,  Jacob's  and  Esau's  mother. 

6  When  Esau  saw  that  Isaac  had  blessed  Jacob,  and  sent  him  away 

to  Padan-aram,  to  take  him  a  wife  from  thence  ;  and  that  as  he  blessed 

him  he  gave  him  a  charge,  saying,  "  Thou  shalt  not  take  a  wife  of  the 

daughters  of  Canaan;"  '^  and  that  Jacob  obeyed   his   father  and  his 

mother,  and   was  gone   to  Padan-aram  ;  ^  and   Esau  seeing   that  the 

t  Heb.  were  eva   daughtcrs  of  Canaan  tpleased  not  Isaac  his  father ;  ^  then  went  Esau  unto 

G'e!24.T.V2(3.  Ishinacl,  and  took  unto  the  wives  which  he  had,^Mahalatii  the  daughter 

jGe.36.3,si,eis  of  Islimaol  Abraham's  son,  '^the  sister  of  Nebajoth,  to  be  his  vvife. 

called  Ba.Ae-  10  ^j^^j  Jacob  'wcut  out  froui  Becr-shcba,  and  went  toward  ""Haran. 

/Ge'!25.]3.        11  And  he  lighted  upon   a  certain   place,  and   tarried   there   all  night, 

I  Ho.  12. 12.        because  the  sun  was  set ;  and  he  took  of  the  stones  of  that  place,  and 

^''cwat"" '•    put  them  for  his  pillows,  and  lay  down  in  that  place  to  sleep,  i- And 

nGe.  15. 1.         "he  dreamed,  and  behold  a  ladder  set  up  on  the  earth,  and  the  top  of 

0 John  1.51.  He.  jt  reached  to  heaven:  "and  behold  the  angels  of  God  ascending  and 

p'gW  1.  &  48.  descending  on  it.  i^  And,  ''behold !  the  Lord  stood  above  it,  and  said,  "I 

%    2g  ,,         'am  the  Lord  God  of  Abraham  thy  father,  and  the  God  of  Isaac  ;  'the 

^sreGe.i2.7.    land  whercou  thou  liest,  to  thee  will  I  give  it,  and  to  thy  seed,  ^^and 

s  See  Ge.  19. 2.     'thy  scod  sliall  be  as  the  dust  of  the  earth,  and  thou  shalt  *spread  abroad 

*/"'/':  *""'■        to  the  west,  and  to  the  east,  and  to  the  north,  and  to  the  south  ;  'and 

t  See  Ge.  12. 3.    in  thcc  and  in  thy  seed  shall  all  the  families  of  the  earth  be  blessed. 

"3?'3^&  ~|-  fg    15  And,  behold,  "I  am  with  thee,  and  will  keep  thee  in  all  places  whither 

Ps". '121. 5, 7,  s!    thou  goest,  and  will  bring  thee   again  into  this  land  ;  "for  I  will   not 

"ri'^i'v^^^^li  leave  thee,  until  I  have  done  that  vvhich  I  have  spoken  to  thee  of." 

rie."i3.  5.  16  And  Jacob  awaked   out  of  his   sleep,  and  he  said,  "  Surely  "the 

»  Ex.  3. 5. Jos. 5.  Lo^jj  ig  in  this  place  ;  and  I  knew  it  not."  i^  And  he  was  afraid,  and 

xGe.3i.  13,45.    Said,  "  How  drcadful  is  this  place  !  this  is  none  other  but  the  house  of 

fo-ii  Nu"^':  \.  God,  and  this  is  the  gate  of  heaven  !  "  i^  And  Jacob  rose  up  early  in  the 

^Th^i\s,tnehonse  momiug,  and  took  the  stone  that  he  had  put  for  his  pillows,  and  ^set  it 

t%^.no:A.\6.  up  for  a  pillar,  and  poured  oil  upon  the  top  of  it.  ^^  And  he  called  the 

y  Ge.  31. 13.  Ju.   name  of  that   place  tBeth-el :  but  the  name  of  that   city  was  called 

i'-i  Tii^e^'s'."'  Luz  at  the  first,  ^o  And  "Jacob  vowed  a  vow,  saying,  "  If  God  will  be 


100  RESIDENCE  OF  JACOB  WITH  LABAN.  [Period  11. 

with  me,  and  will  keep  me  in  this  way  that  I  go.  and  will  give  me 
bread  to  eat,  and  raiment  to  put  on,  '^^  so  ''that  I  come  again  to  my 
father's  house  in  peace,  "then  shall  the  Lord  be  my  God  ;  "  and  this 
stone,  which  I  have  set  for  a  pillar,  ''shall  be  God's  house  ;  'and  of  all 
cLeiS'.ao!^"  that  thou  shalt  give  me  I  will  surely  give  the  tenth  unto  thee." 
Xneb.iifiupku  1  Then  Jacob  twent  on  his  journey,  and  came  into  the  land  Gen.  xxix. 
utit'io^'^'    of  the  *people  of  the  East.  "-^And  he  looked,  and  behold  a        1-14. 

*  Heb.  ciiiidren.    ^yg]]  [^  f^c  field,  and,  lo !  there  were  three  flocks  of  sheep  lying  by  it ;  for 

out  of  that  well  they  watered  the  flocks,  and  a  great  stone  was  upon 

the  well's  mouth.  ^  And  thither  were  all  the  flocks  gathered  ;  and  they 

rolled  the  stone  from  the  well's  mouth,  and  watered  the  sheep,  and  put 

the  stone  again  upon  the  well's  mouth  in  his  place.  '^  And  Jacob  said  unto 

them,  "  My  brethren,  whence  be  ye  ?  "  And  they  said,"  Of  Haran  are 

we."  ^  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  Know  ye  Laban  the  son  of  Nahor  ?  " 

t  Heb.  Is  there     ^nd  they  Said,"  We  know  him."  *"  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  tis  he 

gT^.  27™'       well  ? "  And  they  said,  "  He  is  well ;  and,  behold,  Rachel  his  daughter 

XHeh.yettheday  comcth  with  the  slicep."  '  And  he  said,  "  Lo,  tit  is  yet  high  day,  neither 

18  ffreat.  .^  . ^  ^. ^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  Cattle  sliould  be  gathered   together ;  water  ye  the 

sheep,  and  go  and  feed   them."  ^And  they  said,  "We  cannot,  until 

all  the   flocks  be  gathered  together,  and  till  they  roll   the   stone  from 

the  well's  mouth  ;  then  we  water  the  sheep." 

dZx.  2. 16.  ^  And  while  he  yet  spake  with  them,  ''Rachel  came  with  her  father's 

sheep ;  for   she   kept  them.  ^°  And  it  came  to   pass,  when  Jacob  saw 

Rachel  the  daughter  of  Laban  his  mother's  brother,  and  the  sheep  of 

eEx.  2. 17.         Laban  his  mother's  brother,  that  Jacob  went  near,  and  'rolled  the  stone 

from  the  well's   mouth,  and  watered  the  flock  of  Laban  his  mother's 

/Ge.  33. 4.  &  45.  brother.  '^  And  Jacob -^kissed  Rachel,   and  lifted  up  his   voice,   and 

JcelTs.  8.  &  14.  wept.  ^^  And  Jacob  told  Rachel  that  he  was  ^her  father's  brother,  and 

''»'  i^-  that  he  was  Rebekah's  son  ;  ''and  she  ran  and  told  her  father.  ^^  And 

•  Heb^Lwn.r.  it  came  to  pass,  when  Laban  heard  the  *tidings  of  Jacob  his  sister's 
tGe.24.29. "  SOU,  that  'he  ran  to  meet  him,  and  embraced  him,  and  kissed  him,  and 
^9%^'issi^5'i   brought  him  to  his  house.    And  he  told  Laban  all  these  things.  ^'^  And 

&  19.  la";  lb. ■  Laban  said  to  him,  "  Surely -'thou  art  my  bone  and  my  flesh."  And 
t^J;  ° '"""'*  "-^  he  abode  with  him  tihe  space  of  a  month. 

Section  VI. — Residence  of  Jacob  ivith  Laban — Jacob's  Family. 

• Ges.  xxix.  15,  to  tlie  end,  and  chap.  xxx. 

Jacob  covenanteth  for  Rachel.  23  He  is  deceived  with  Leah.  28  He  marrieth  also  Rachel,  and 
serveth  for  her  seven  years  more.  32  Leah  bearelh  Reuben,  33  Simeon,  34.  Levi,  35  and  Jndah. 
—  Chap.  .xxx.  1  Rachel,  in  ^■ieffor  her  barrenness,  ffiveth  Bilhah  her  maid  unto  Jacob.  5  She 
beareth  Dan  and  Naphtali.  9  Leah  criveth  Zilpah  her  maid,  who  beareth  Gad  and  Asher.  14 
Reuben  findeth  mandrakes,  with  which  LeaJi  bumth  her  husband  of  Rachel.  17  Leah  beareth  Is- 
SECT.  VI.  sachar.'Zebulim,  and  Dinah.  22  Rachel  beareth  Joseph.  25  Jacob  desireth  to  depart.  21  La- 
ban  staijeth  him  on  a  new  covenant.     37  Jacob's  policy,  whereby  he  became  rich. 

b'c.'S'.'  ^^And   Laban   said   unto  Jacob,  "Because   thou   art  my   brother, 

T.  1-53.       shouldest  thou  therefore  serve  me  for  nought  ?   tell  me,  what  shall  thy 

Hales,  1916.     ^y.^•^„Q^  bc  ?  "    ^^  And  Labau  had  two  daughters  :    the  name  of  the  elder 

— ""        was  Leah,  and   the  name  of  tiie   younger   was  Rachel.   ^'^  Leah   was 

a  Or,  3ore-eyefi,    ^tender-eyed  ;  but  Rachel  was  beautiful  and  well-favored.  ^^  And  Jacob 

or,^weak-eycd.    ^^^^^  Rachcl ;  aiid  Said,  "  I  "will  serve  tliee  seven  years  for  Rachel 

a^Ge^3i.4i.2Sa.  tiiy  yQun^er  daughter."   ^^And   Laban   said,  "It  is   better  that  I  give 

her  "to  thee,  than  that  I  should  give  her  to  another  man  :  abide  with 

b  Ho.  12. 12.       nie."  2"  And  Jacob  ''served  seven  years  for  Rachel ;  and  they  seemed 

unto  him  but  a  few  days,  for  the  love  he  had  to  her. 

2'  And  Jacob  said  unto  Laban,  "  Give  me  my  wife,  for  my  days  are 

c  Ju.  15. 1.  fulhlled,  that  I  may  'go  in  unto  her."  ^2  And  Laban  gathered  together 

dju.  14. 10.  John  all  the  men  of  the  place,  and  ''made  a  feast.  -^  And  it  came  to  pass  in 

^'  ^'^'  the  evening,  that  he  took  Leaii  his  daughter,  and  brought  her  to  him  ; 

and  he  went  in  unto  her.  -'  And  Laban  save  unto  his  daughter  Leah 


I  Heb.  place. 
e  Ju.  14.  12. 


Part  IV.]  MARRIAGE  OF  JACOB  WITH  LEAH  AND  RACHEL.         lOl 

Zilpah  his  maid  for  a  handmaid.  ^''  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  in  the 
morning,  behold  it  was  Leah  !  and  he  said  to  Laban,  "  What  is  this 
thou  haTt  done  unto  me  ?  did  not  I  serve  with  thee  for  Rachel  ?  where- 
fore then  hast  thou  beguiled  me?"  -'^And  Laban  said,  "It  must  not 
be  so  done  in  our  Icountry,  to  give  the  younger  before  the  firstborn. 
27  Fulfil  'her  week,  and  we  will  give  thee  this  also  for  the  service  which 
thou  shalt  serve  with  me  yet  seven  other  years."  ^^And  Jacob  did  so, 
and  fulfilled  her  week  ;  and  he  gave  him  Rachel  his  daughter  to  wife 
also.  -^  And  Laban  gave  to  Rachel  his  daughter  Bilhah  his  handmaid 
/De.  21. 15.        tQ  ]3g  i^gj.  maid.  "'^  And  he  went  in  also  unto  Rachel,  and  he  -^loved  also 
gl^o.ji.u.  Ho.  j^j^^.}^gi  j^ore  than  Leah,  and  served  with  him  ^yet  seven  other  years. 
A  ps.  127.3.  31  And  when  the  Lord  ''saw  tliat  Leah  was  hated,  he  opened  her 

*jhat  is,  see  a     ^^^^  .  ^ut  Rachcl  was  barren,  ^s  And  Leah  conceived,  and  bare  a 
'"b.  c.  1752.      son,  and   she  called   his   name   *Reuben ;  for  she   said,  "  Surely  the 
"^^  ^^^^-       Lord  hath  Hooked  upon  my  affliction,  now  therefore  my  husband  will 
B.  c.  ab.  1751.    love  me."  ^^  And   she   conceived   again,  and  bare   a  son  ;  and  said, 
i  E Js  r&4      "  Because  the  Lord  hath  heard  that  I  was  hated,  he  hath  therefore  given 
l'-'^'\t^m  me  this   son   also;"  and   she   called   his  name  tSimeon.  ^4  And  she 
44-    ■    ■        ■  conceived  again,  and  bare  a  son  ;  and  said,  "  Now  this  time  will  my 
^-  t:  nse™'    husband  be  joined  unto  me,  because  I  have  born  him  three  sons  ;  " 
i'Th^t  h,hecv,-ing   therefore  was  his  name  called  ILevi.  ^sAnd  she  conceived  again,  and 
B.C.  ab.i749.    ^^^g  ^  SOU  :  and   she  said,  "  Now  will  I  praise  the  Lord  ;  "  therefore 
tTh^t  ",j^ned.  she  called  his  name  *Judah  ;  and  tleft  bearing." 
See  Nu.  18. 2,4.       j  ^^^  ^j^^^^  Rachcl  saw  that  she  bare  Jacob  no  children,    Gen.  xxx. 
Ma^^'i.'a.^™"''  Rachel  ^envied  her  sister  ;  and  said  unto  Jacob,  "Give  me 
t  Hcb.  stood  from  ghiifji-gn,  or  clsc  I  dic."  ~  And  Jacob's  anger  was  kindled  against  Rachel ; 
/jrbT2. 1  Co.    and  he  skid,  "  Am  "I  in  God's  stead,  who  hath  withheld  from  thee  the 
3. 3.  Ja.  4. 5.      ^^.^.^  ^^  ^j^^  ^^^j^^j  p  „  3  And  shc  Said,  "  Behold  my  maid  Bilhah,  go  in 
"iX  ^^'  "■  ^  ^''"  unto  her  ;  'and  she  shall  bear  upon  my  knees,  that  I  may  also  thave  chil- 
i  Go.  50. 23.  Job    ^j.gj^  i^y  jjgj.  „  4  And  she  gave  him  Bilhah  her  handmaid  '"to  wife  ;  and 
b'.  c."  ab.  1748.   Jacob  wcut  iu  unto  her.  ^  And  Bilhah  conceived,  and  bare  Jacob  a  son. 
hZ^Imi,   'And  Rachel  said,  "God  "hath  judged  me,  and  hath  also  heard  my 
/ier!''  '  "'■   ^  voice,  and  hath  given  me  a  son  ;  therefore  called  she  his  name  *Dan." 
m  Ge.  35. 22.       7  ^^^^  Bilhah,  Rachcl's  maid,  conceived  again,  and  bare  Jacob  a  second 
B.  c.  ab.  1747.    gon.  §  And  Rachel  said,  "  With  tgreat  wrestlings  have  I  wrestled  with 
PsV2'&43.  my  sister,  and  I  have  prevailed;"  and  she  called  his  name  tNaphtali. 
.  La.  3.  .59.  9  ^hen  Leah  saw  that   she  had  left  bearing,  she  took  Zilpah  her 

'r^.s,pcdg-    ^^^.^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  j^^^^  ^^  ^.^^_  ,,^^^  2ilpah,  Leah's  maid,  bare 

Cab.  1749.  Jacob  a  son.  ii  And  Leah  said,  "  A  troop  cometh  ; "  and  she  called 
his  name  *Gad.  ^^  And  Zilpah,  Leah's  maid,  bare  Jacob  a  second  son. 
B.aab.ms.  13  ^j^^  Lg^j^  g^-j^  "tHappy  am  I,  for  the  daughters  "will  call  me 
\  ueb.  ^orestungs  blcsscd  ; "  and  she  called  his  name  tAsher. 

of  God.  Ge.23.6.       ^4  ^^^  Reubcu  wcut  in  the  days  of  wheat  harvest,  and  found  man- 

Vm«4'.caiied,  drakes  in  the  field,  and  brought  them  unto  his  mother  Leah.     Then 

Ltt ''■''''''  Rachel  said  to  Leah,  "  Give  me,  I  pray  thee,  of  thy  son's  mandrakes." 

*Thatis,afro«p,  15  And  shc  Said  unto   her,  "  Is  it  a  small  matter   that  thou  hast  taken 

ekiT'""""'  '"  my  husband?   and   wouldest  thou   take   away  my   son's    mandrakes 

^ii^h.hi^nyhap.  j^^g^ V'  And  Rachcl  said,  "Therefore  he  shall  lie  with  thee  to-mght 

/pr3l.28.Lu.   for  thy  son's  mandrakes."  ^''And  Jacob  came  out  of  the  field  in  the 

1  tI!;  is  w,    evening,  and  Leah  went  out  to  meet  him,  and  said,  "  Thou  must  come 

in  unto  me  ;  for  surely  I  have  hired  thee  with  my  son  s  mandrakes. 

And  he  lay 'with  her  that   night,  i^  And  God  hearkened  unto  Leah, 

B.  c.  ab.  1747.    and  she  conceived,  and  bare  Jacob  the  fifth  son.  ^^  And  Leah  said,  "  God 

'^'  ^^^'^'       hath  f^iven  me  my  hire,  because  I  have  given  my  maiden  to  my  hus- 

*  That  is «/....    ^^j^^jr,,  ^^^^  gi^g  g^llgfl   i,ig  name  *Issachar.  ^^And  Leah  conceived 

d  bare   Jacob  the  sixth  son.  ^o  And  Leah  said,  "  God  hath 


%ng. 

C 
T. 


C.  1746. 


again,  an 


endued  me  with  a  good  dowry  ;  now  will  my  husband  dwell  with  me 


.iGe.  26.24, 
3,5. 


102  RESIDENCE  OF  JACOB  WITH  LABAN.  [Period  II. 

^Inf^cahtd'^'    because  I  have  born  him  si.x  sons  :  "  and  she  called  his  name  IZebnlun. 
Mat.  4. 13,  zab-  21  ^j^^j  aftcrwards  she  bare  a  daughter,  and  called  her  name  IDinah. 
B.C.  1745.  "-And   God   remembered  Rachel,  and  God  hearkened  to  her,  and 

B  c  1743  opened  her  womb.  ^^  And  she  conceived,  and  bare  a  son  ;  and  said, 
f.  1745.  ■  "  God  hath  taken  away  my  ''reproach."  -•*  And  she  called  his  name 
^m^"*'"'-'"'^"  *  Joseph  ;  and  said,  "  The  Lord  shall  add  to  me  another  son." 
pisa.i.  6.  Is.  -5  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Rachel  had  born  Joseph,  that  Jacob 
*Th'ath,  adding,  ^^^^  ""^o  Labau,  "  Send  'me  away,  that  I  may  go  '^unto  mine  own 
Ge.  35. 17.  "  place,  and  to  my  country.  -^  Give  me  my  wives  and  my  children,  for 
r  Ge.  18. 33.  &  whom  I  havc  served  thee,  and  let  me  go  ;  for  thou  knowest  my  service 
31. 55.  ■    ■        which  I  have  done  thee," 

-^  And  Laban  said  unto  him,  "  I  pray  thee,  if  I  have  found  favor  in 
thine  eyes,  tarry  ;  for  ^I  have  learned  by  experience  that  the  Lord  hath 
blessed  me  for  thy  sake."  ^s^^d  he  said,  "  Appoint  me  thy  wages, 
and  I  will  give  it." 

Mat.'ai  45.  Tit'.       ~^  And  he  said  unto  him,  "Thou  'knowest  how  I  have  served  thee, 
^-  ^"-  and  how  thy  cattle  was  with  me.  ^^  For  it  was  little  which  thou  hadst 

^Mt'X1'.%.      before  I  came,  and   it  is  now  tincreased  unto  a  multitude;  and  the 
tueh.atmyfooi.  LoRD  hath  blcsscd   thcc  tsince  my  coming;  and  now  when  shall  "I 
u  1  Tim.  5. 8.       provide  for  mine  own  house  also  ?  "  ^i  And  he  said,  "  What  shall  I  give 
thee  ? " 

And  Jacob  said,  "  Thou  shall  not  give  me  any  thing  ;  if  thou  wilt  do 
this  thing  for  me.  I  will  again  feed  and  keep  thy  flock.  ^~I  will  pass 
through  all  thy  flock  to-day,  removing  from  thence  all  the  speckled  and 
spotted  cattle,  and   all  the  brown   cattle  among  the  sheep,  and    the 

0  Ge.  31. 8.         spotted  and  speckled   among   the  goats  ;  and  "of  such   shall  be  my 
*Heb^Lm         ^^^^'  ^^^^   ^^^^^^  "my  righteousness  answer  for  me  *in  time  to  come, 

Ex.  13." iT"^"""'  when  it  shall  come  for  my  hire  before  thy  face  ;  every  one  that  is  not 
speckled  and  spotted  among  the  goats,  and  brown  among  the  sheep, 
that  shall  be  counted  stolen  with  me." 

^^  And  Laban  said,  "  Behold,  I  would  it  might  be  according  to  thy 
word." 

^^  And  he  removed  that  day  the  he  goats  that  were  ringstraked  and 
spotted,  and  all  the  she  goats  that  were  speckled  and  spotted,  and 
every  one  that  had  some  white  in  it,  and  all  the  brown  among  the 
sheep,  and  gave  them  into  the  hand  of  his  sons.  '^^  And  he  set  three 
days'  journey  betwixt  himself  and  Jacob :  and  Jacob  fed  the  rest  of 
Laban's  flocks. 

1  See  Go.  31. 9-         37  ^  ,-jfj  -Jacob  took  him  rods  of  green  poplar,  and  of  the  hazel  and 

chesnut  tree  ;  and  pilled  white  strakes  in  them,  and  made  the  white 
appear  which  was  in  the  rods.  ^^  And  he  set  the  rods  which  he  had 
pilled  before  the  flocks  in  the  gutters  in  the  watering  troughs  when 
the  flocks  came  to  drink,  that  they  should  conceive  when  they  came  to 
drink.  ^^And  the  flocks  conceived  before  the  rods,  and  brought  forth 
cattle  ringstraked,  speckled,  and  spotted.  ''^  And  Jacob  did  separate  the 
lambs,  and  set  the  faces  of  the  flocks  toward  the  ringstraked,  and  all 
the  brown  in  the  flock  of  Laban  ;  and  he  put  his  own  flocks  by  them- 
selves, and  put  them  not  unto  Laban's  cattle.  ■*'  And  it  came  to  ]^ass, 
whensoever  the  stronger  cattle  did  conceive,  that  Jacob  laid  the  rods 
before  the  eyes  of  the  cattle  in  the  gutters,  that  they  might  conceive 
among  the  rods.  ^-  But  when  the  cattle  were  feeble,  he  put  them  not  in  ; 
so  the  feebler  were  J^aban's,  and  the  stronger  Jacob's.  ^^And  the  man 
"increased  exceedingly,  and  had  much  cattle,  and  maidservants,  and 
menservants,  and  camels,  and  asses. 


Part  IV.] 


JACOB  LEAVES  LABAN. 


103 


SECT.  VII. 

A.  M.  2265. 
B.  C.  1739. 
Hales,  1902. 
Padan-aram. 


*  Heb.  yesterday 
and  the  day  be- 
fore, I  Sa.  19.  7. 

c  Ge.  28.  15.  20, 
21.  &  32.  9.' 


e  Nu.  14.  22.  Ne. 
4.  12.  Job  19.  3. 
Ze.  8.  23. 


g  Ge.  30.  32. 


tOr, 

he  goats. 

AGe 

.  48.  16. 

(Ex. 

3.7. 

jGe. 

28.  18-20. 

feGe, 

.  32.  9. 

7nGe.29.  15,27. 


X  Heb.  teraphim. 

Ge.35.2.  Ju.  17. 

.■->.  1  Sa.  19.  1.3. 

lios.  3.  4. 
*  Heb.  the  heart 

of  Labaii. 
nGe.46.28.2Ki. 

12.  17.  Lu.  9.  51, 

53. 

0  Ge.  13.  8. 


5  Ge.  24.  50. 

t  Heb. /rom  good 
to  bad. 


J  Heb.  hast  stolen 


Section  VII. — Jacob  leaves  Lahan — Their  Covenant. 

Gen.  XXXI. 

Jacob  upon  displeasure  departetk  secretly.  19  Rachel  stealelh  her  father's  images.  22  Laban  pursu- 
eth  after  him,  26  and  co/nplaineth  of  the  icrong.  34  Rachel's  policy  to  hide  the  images.  36 
Jacob's  complaint  of  Laban.    43  The  covenant  of  Laban  and  Jacob  at  Galeed. 

^  And  he  heard  the  words  of  Laban's  sons,  saying,  "  Jacob  hath 
taken  away  all  that  was  our  father's  ;  "and  of  that  which  was  our 
father's  hath  he  gotten  all  this  glory."  ~  And  Jacob  beheld  'the  coun- 
tenance of  Laban,  and,  behold,  it  was  not  toward  him  as  *before. 

^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Jacob,  "  Return  'unto  the  land  of  thy 
fathers,  and  to  thy  kindred  ;  and  I  will  be  with  thee."  ^  And  Jacob  sent 
and  called  Rachel  and  Leah  to  the  field  unto  his  flock,  ^and  said  unto 
them,  ''  I  see  your  father's  countenance,  that  it  is  not  toward  me  as 
before ;  but  the  God  of  my  father  hath  been  with  me.  ^  And  "'ye 
know  that  with  all  my  power  I  have  served  your  father.  ^  And  'your 
father  hath  deceived  me,  and  changed  my  wages  ten  times  ;  -^but  God 
sufl^ered  him  not  to  hurt  me.  ^If  he  said  thus,  "The  speckled  shall 
be  thy  wages ;  then  all  the  cattle  bare  speckled :  and  if  he  said  thus, 
The  ringstraked  shall  be  thy  hire  ;  then  bare  all  the  cattle  ringstraked. 
9  Thus  God  hath  taken  away  the  cattle  of  your  father,  and  given  them 
to  me.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  time  that  the  cattle  conceived, 
that  I  lifted  up  mine  eyes,  and  saw  in  a  dream,  and,  behold,  the  trams 
which  leaped  upon  the  cattle  were  ringstraked,  speckled,  and  grisled. 
^^  And  ''the  Angel  of  God  spake  unto  me  in  a  dream,  saying, '  Jacob  : ' 
and  I  said,  '  Here  am  L'  ^^  And  he  said,  '  Lift  up  now  thine  eyes,  and 
see,  all  the  rams  which  leap  upon  the  cattle  are  ringstraked,  speckled, 
and  grisled  ;  for  'I  have  seen  all  that  Laban  doeth  unto  thee.  ^^  I  am 
the  God  of  Beth-el,  ^  where  thou  anointedst  the  pillar,  and  where  thou 
vowedst  a  vow  unto  me  ;  now  *arise,  get  thee  out  from  this  land,  and 
return  unto  the  land  of  thy  kindred." 

^'*  And  Rachel  and  Leah  answered  and  said  unto  him,  "  Is  'there 
yet  any  portion  or  inheritance  for  us  in  our  father's  house  ?  ^^  Are  we 
not  counted  of  him  strangers  ?  for  "'he  hath  sold  us,  and  hath  quite 
devoured  also  our  money.  ^^  For  all  the  riches  which  God  hath  taken 
from  our  father,  that  is  ours,  and  our  children's  ;  now  then,  whatsoever 
God  hath  said  unto  thee,  do." 

^~  Then  Jacob  rose  up,  and  set  his  sons  and  his  wives  upon  camels  ; 
^^  and  he  carried  away  all  his  cattle,  and  all  his  goods  which  he  had  got- 
ten, the  cattle  of  his  getting,  which  he  had  gotten  in  Padan-aram,  for 
to  go  to  Isaac  his  father  in  the  land  of  Canaan.  ^^  And  Laban  went 
to  shear  his  sheep  ;  and  Rachel  had  stolen  the  timages  that  were  her 
father's.  '^^  And  Jacob  stole  away  *unawares  to  Laban  the  Syrian,  in 
that  he  told  him  not  that  he  fled.  ^^  So  he  fled  with  all  that  he 
had ;  and  he  rose  up,  and  passed  over  the  river,  and  "set  his  face 
toward  the  Mount  Gilead. 

22  And  it  was  told  Laban  on  the  third  day  that  Jacob  was  fled. 
-^  And  he  took  "his  brethren  with  him,  and  pursued  after  him  seven 
days'  journey  ;  and  they  overtook  him  in  the  Mount  Gilead.  ^^  And 
God  ''came  to  Laban  the  Syrian  in  a  dream  by  night,  and  said  unto 
him,  "  Take  heed  that  thou  'speak  not  to  Jacob  teither  good  or  bad." 

-^  Then  Laban  overtook  Jacob.  Now  Jacob  had  pitched  his  tent 
in  the  mount ;  and  Laban  witli  his  brethren  pitched  in  the  Mount  of 
Gilead.  ^'^And  Laban  said  to  Jacob,  "What  hast  thou  done,  that 
thou  hast  stolen  away  unawares  to  me,  and  'carried  away  my  daugh- 
ters as  captives  taken  with  the  sword  ?  ^^  Wherefore  didst  thou  flee 
away  secretly,  and  tsteal  away  from  me  ;  and  didst  not  tell  me,  that  I 
might  have  sent  thee  away  with  mirth,  and  with  songs,  with  tabret,  and 


104  JACOB'S  COVENANT  WITH  LABAN.  [Period  IL 

*/k;  V'aoV  '^i^l^  J^^'"?-  ~^'-^"tl  hast  not  suffered  me 'to  kiss  my  sons  and  my 
20.37.  ■  ■  "'  daugliters?  'Thou  hast  now  done  foohshly  in  so  doing.  -Ht  is  in  the 
'2  cil:  le:  9.^'  povver  of  my  hand  to  do  you  hurt :  but  the  "God  of  your  father  spake 
u^Ge/as.  13.  unto  me  yesternight,  saying,  'Take  thou  heed  that  thou  speak  not  to 
Jacob  either  good  or  bad.'  ^"^  And  now,  though  thou  wouldest  needs 
be  gone,  because  thou  sore  longedst  after  thy  father's  house,  yet 
V  Ju.  18. 24.         wherefore  hast  thou  "stolen  my  gods  ?  " 

^^  And  Jacob  answered  and  said  to  Laban,  "  Because  I  was  afraid  : 

for  I  said,  Peradventure   thou  wouldest  take  by  force  thy  daughters 

to  See  Ge.  44. 9.    from  1116.  ^^  With   whomsoever  thou  findest  thy  gods,  "let   him  not 

live :  before  our   brethren  discern  thou  what   is  thine  with   me,  and 

take  it  to  thee."     For  Jacob  knew  not  that  Rachel  had   stolen  them. 

^^  And  Laban  went  into  Jacob's  tent,  and  into  Leah's  tent,  and  into 

the  two  maidservants'  tents  ;  but  he  found  them  not.     Then  went  he 

out  of  Leah's   tent,  and  entered   into  Rachel's  tent.  '^^  Now  Rachel 

had  taken  the  images,  and  put  them  in  the  camel's  furniture,  and  sat 

*He'../£i£.         upo„  them.     And  Laban  *searched  all   the  tent,  but  found  them  not. 

=^ Ex_^2o.  12. Le.   35  ^„j  ghe  said  to  her   father,  "Let  it  not  displease  my  lord   that  "I 

cannot  rise  up  before  thee  ;  for  the  custom  of  women  is  upon  me." 

And  he  searched,  but  found  not  the  images. 

'•^^  And  Jacob  was  wroth,  and  chode  with  Laban  :  and  Jacob  an- 
swered and  said  to   Laban,  "  What  is  my  trespass  ?  what  is  my  sin, 
that  thou  hast  so  hotly   pursued    after    me  ?    ^"^  Whereas   thou    hast 
searched  all  my  stuff,  what  hast  thou  found  of  all  thy  household  stuff? 
set  it  here  before  my  brethren  and   thy  brethren,  that  they  may  judge 
betwixt  us  both.  ^^  This  twenty  years  have  I  been  with  thee  ;  thy  ewes 
and  thy  she  goats  have   not  cast  their  young,  and  the   rams   of  thy 
!,Ex.22.  io,&c.  flock  have  I  not  eaten.  39That^vhich  was   torn  of  beasts  I  brought 
2  Ex.  22. 12.        not  unto  thee  ;  I  bare  the  loss  of  it ;  ''of  my  hand  didst  thou  require 
it,  whether  stolen  by  day,  or  stolen  by  night,  ^o  Thus  I  was  ;  in  the  day 
the  drought  consumed  me,  and   the  frost  by  night ;  and  my  sleep  de- 
parted from  mine  eyes,  ^i  Thus  have  I  been  twenty  years  in  thy  house  ; 
a  Ge.  29. 27, 28.    "I  scrvcd  thcc  fourtecn  years  for  thy  two  daughters,  and  six  years  for 
Ps.  124. 1,2.      thy  cattle  ;  and  thou  hast  changed  my  wages  ten  times.  "*-  Except  Hhe 
"      ^^-  God  of  my  father,  the  God  of  Abraham,  and  the  Tear  of  Isaac,  had 

9. 32.  Ex.  bggn  ^yiti^  inc,  surely  thou  hadst  sent  me  away  now  empty.  "God  hath 
e7ch.i2.i7.  seen  my  affliction  and  the  labor  of  my  hands,  and  'rebuked  thee 
jude  9.  yesternight." 

"^'•^  And  Laban  answered  and  said  unto  Jacob,  "  These  daughters  are 
my  daughters,  and  these  children  are  my  children,  and  these  cattle  are 
my  cattle,  and  all  that  thou  seest  is  mine :  and  what  can  I  do  this  day 
unto  these  my  daughters,   or   unto  their   children   which   they  have 
/Ge.2G.2s.        bom  ?  '*'' Now   therefore  come  thou, -^et  us  make  a  covenant,   I  and 
^  See  Jos.  24. 27.  thou ;  ^aud  let  it  be  for  a  witness  betw^een   me  and  thee." 
7.SaeGe.28. 18.        4.5  ^n^j  Jacob  Hook  a  stouc,  and  set  it  up  for  a  pillar.  "^^  And  Jacob 
said  unto  his  bretiiren,  "  Gather  stones  ;  "  and  they  took  stones  and 
made  a   heap,  and  they  did  eat  there  upon  the  heap.  "^^  And  Laban 
tThati9,tA«w  called  it  t  Jegar-sahadutha  ;  but  Jacob  called  it  tGaleed. 
irhllZiheLp       ''  And  Laban  said,  "  This  Uicap   is  a  witness  between  me  and  thee 
ofwiu^s.  Heb.  ^j^jg  ^.^y  »     Therefore  was  the  name  of  it  called  Galeed  ;  '*'■'  and  *Miz- 
l^hatt,  a^f-'    pah  ;  for  he  said,  '•  The  Lord  watch  between  me  and  thee,  when  we 
f""'.r}.rn*on   are  absent  one   from  another.  ^^  If  thou    shalt  afflict  my  daughters, 
or  if  thou  shalt  take  other  wives  beside  my  daughters,  no  man  is  w^ith 
us :  see,  God  is  witness  betwixt  me  and  thee."  ^^  And   Laban  said  to 
Jacob,  "  Behold  this  heap,  and  behold   this  pillar,  wliich  I   have   cast 
betwixt  me  and  thee  ;  ^~  this  heap  be  witness,  and  this  pillar  be   wit- 
ness, that  I  will  not  pass  over  this  heap  to  thee,  and  that  thou  shalt  not 


cIs.  8.  13. 
dGe 


.Ju.  a.  29, 


tower. 

1  Sa.  7.  5. 


Part  IV.]  JOURNEY  OF  JACOB  TO  SUCCOTH.  105 

pass  over  this  heap  and  this  pillar  unto  me,  for   harm.  ^^The  God  of 
j  Ge.  16. 5.  Abraham,  and  the  God  of  Nahor,  the  God  of  their   father,  ^judge  be- 

twixt us."  And  Jacob  *sware  by  the  Fear  of  his  father  Isaac.  ^^Then 
Jacob  f offered  sacrifice  upon  the  mount,  and  called  his  brethren  to  eat 
bread  ;  and  they  did  eat  bread,  and  tarried  all  night  in  the  mount. 
^^  And  early  in  the  morning  Laban  rose  up,  and  kissed  his  sons  and 
his  daughters,  and  'blessed  them ;  and  Laban  departed,  and  "'returned 
unto  his  place. 


k  Ge.  21.  23. 

t  Or,  killed  beasts 


1  Ge.  28. 1. 

VI  Ge.  18.  33.  &; 


Section  VIII. — Journey  of  Jacob  to  Succoth,  after  Jiis  Covenant  tcitk  Laban. 
SECT.  vni.  Gen.  xxxii.  and  xxxiii.  1-17. 

Jacob's  visioji  at  Mahanaim.      3  His  message  to  Esau.     6  He  is  afraid  of  Esau's  comin<r.     9  He 

A.  M.  2265.  prayeth  for  deliverance.     13  He  sendeth  a  present  to  Esau.     24  He  wrestleth  with  an  Angel  at 

M.  C.  1739.  Feniel,  where  he  is  called  Israel.     31  He  halteth.  —  Chap,  xxxiii.  1  Tlie  kindness  of  Jacob  and 

T.  1738.  Esau  at  their  vieeting.     17  Jacob  cometh  to  Succoth. 

HALEs^im  1  And  Jacob  went  on  his  way,  and  "the  angels  of  God  met  him. 
a  r3.9i.  11.  He.  ^  And  when  Jacob  saw  them,  he  said,  "  This  is  God's  ''host ; "  and  he 
,\^'^\  lA  B      called  the  name  of  that  place  *Mahanaim. 

b  Jos.  5.  14.  Ps.  ■:!    A        1     T  1 

W3-S!^&gi48.  •"  And  Jacob  sent  messengers  before  him  to  Esau  his  brother  unto 
^^■rb"ils,fwo  the  land  of  Seir,  the  tcountry  of  Edom.  •*  And  he  commanded  them, 
t'uet'ljJGe'  ^^y"^g'  "  ^^^^^  's'lall  ye  speak  unto  my  lord  Esau  :  Thy  servant  Jacob 
31.6l8.De.2t5.  saith  thus,  I  have  sojourned  vi^ith  Laban,  and  stayed  there  until  now; 
cpTS.'l  ^^^^  I  ^^^ve  oxen,  and  asses,  flocks,  and  menservants,  and  womenser- 

vants ;  and  I  have  sent  to  tell  my  lord,  that  I  may  find  grace  in  thy 
sight."  6  And  the  messengers  returned  to  Jacob,  saying,  "  We  came 
to  thy  brother  Esau,  and  also  he  cometh  to  meet  thee,  and  four  hun- 
dred men  with  him."  ^  Then  Jacob  was  greatly  afraid  and  distressed  ; 
and  he  divided  the  people  that  was  with  him,  and  the  flocks,  and  herds, 
and  the  camels,  into  two  bands,  ^and  said,  ''  If  Esau  come  to  the  one 
company,  and  smite  it,  then  the  other  company  which  is  left  shall 
escape." 
d  Ps.  50. 15.  9  An^j  .ija^jQb  said,  "  O  God  of  my  father  Abraham,  and  God  of  my 

eGe.31.3, 13.     father  Isaac,  the  Lord  which  'saidst  unto  me,  '  Return  unto  thy  coun- 
cil™ ««f,T^.'''''   try,  and  to  thy  kindred,  and  I  will  deal  well  with  thee  ; '  ^Ul  am  not 
/Ge.  94.' 27.        worthy  of  the  least  of  all  ^the  mercies,  and  of  all  the  truth,  which  thou 
^^  Job.  8. 7.         hast  showed  unto  thy  servant ;  for  with  ^my  staff"  I  passed  over  this 
A  Ps.  59. 1,2.       Jordan,  and  now  I  am  become  two  bands.  ^^  Deliver  ''me,  I  pray  thee, 
from  the  hand  of  my  brother,  from  the  hand  of  Esau :  for  I  fear  him,' 
*Heb. «;,»»,  iio.  lest  hc  wiU  come  and  smite  me,  and  the  mother  *with  the  children, 
i  Ge.  28. 13-15.     ^"  And  'thou  saidst,  '  I  will  surely  do  thee  good,  and  make  thy  seed  as 
the  sand  of  the  sea,  which  cannot  be  numbered  for  multitude.'  " 
^=^  And  he  lodged  there  that  same   night ;  and   took   of  that  which 
•'istie^'  ^^'^''    ^^^^  ^^  ^"^  hand^a  present  for  Esau  his  brother  ;  ^^  two  hundred  she 
goats,  and   twenty   he  goats,  two   hundred   ewes,  and   twenty   rams, 
1^  thirty  milch  camels  with  their  colts,  forty  kine,  and  ten  bulls,  twenty 
she  asses,  and  ten  foals.  ^"^  And  he  delivered  them  into  the  hand  of  his 
servants,  every  drove  by  themselves  ;  and  said  unto  his  servants,  "  Pass 
over  before  me,  and  put  a  space  betwixt  drove  and  drove.  ^^  And  he 
commanded  the  foremost,  saying,  "  When   Esau  my  brother  meeteth 
thee,  and  asketh   thee,  saying.   Whose  art   thou  ?  and  whither  o-oest 
thou  ?  and  wliose  are  these  before  thee  ?    is  Then  thou  shalt  say.  They 
be  thy  servant  Jacob's  ;  it  is  a  present  sent  unto  my  lord  Esau :  and, 
behold,  also  he   is  behind  us."  ^^  And  so  commanded  he  the  second, 
and  the  third,  and  all  that  followed  the  droves,  saying,  "  On  this  man- 
ner shall  ye  speak  unto  Esau,  when  ye  find  him.  ^^  And  say  ye  more- 
over.  Behold,   thy  servant   Jacob   is  behind   us.     For,"  he   said,  "I 
nich^m'Xc      '^^'l ''Appease  him  with  the  present  that  goeth  before  me,  and  afterward 
Job  i-r's,  9"'      ^  ^'ill  sec  his  face;  peradventure  he  will  accept  tof  me."  ^i  So  went 

VOL.    I.  14 


106  JOURNEY  OF  JACOB  TO  SUCCOTH.  [Period  II. 

the  present  over  before  him  :  and   himself  lodged  that   night   in  the 

company.  ~-  And  he  rose  up  that  night,  and  took   his  two  wives,  and 

iDe.  3. 16.  his  two  womcnservants,  and  his  eleven  sons,  'and  passed  over  the  ford 

t  Heb.  caused  to    Jabbok.  ~^  And  he  took  them,  and  tsent  them  over  the  brook,  and  sent 

over  that  he  had. 

m  Ho.  12^3,4.  ^^  And  Jacob  was  left  alone;  and  there  "'wrestled  a  ISIan  with   him 

*He\i.  ascending  Until  the  *  breaking  of  the  day.  -^  And  when  He  saw  that  He  prevailed 

of  Vie  morning.    ^^^  agaiust  lum,  hc  touched  the  hollow  of  his  thigh  ;  and  "the  hollow 

^A\.%'cl.'n.'i.    of  Jacob's  thigh  was  out  of  joint,  as  he  wrestled  with  him.  ^^  And  "He 

o  See  Lu.  24. 28.  g^-j^  a  Lg^  ^g  „^^  fo^  ^^g  Jay  brcakcth."     And  he  said,  "  I  ^will   not 

'    °"  "■  ■         igt  thee  go,  except  thou  bless  me."  ^"^  And  He  said  unto  him,  "  What 

?Ge.35.io.2Ki.  jg  thy  uauic  ?  "  And  he  said,  "  Jacob."  ~^  And  He  'said,  '•  Thy  name 

t  Th.t  is, aprincc  shall  be  called  no  more  Jacob,  but  f  Israel :   for   as  a  prince   hast  thou 

of  ood.       ^^   '^ power  with  God   and  with  men,  and  hast   prevailed."  ^^And   Jacob 

'33!'ho.  12. 3,"4;  asked  him,  and  said,  "  Tell  me,   I  pray  thee,  thy  name."     And   he 

« ju.  13. 18.         said,  "  Wherefore  'is  it  that  thou  dost  ask  after  my  name  ?  "    And  He 

*o/ old!'  '*^"'^"  blessed  him  there.  ^°  And  Jacob  called  the  name  of  the  place  tPeniel : 

tGe.  16. 13. See   "  For  'I  have  seen  God  face  to  face,  and  my  life  is  preserved!  " 

33^20! De! 5 'bt       '^^  And  as  he  passed  over   Penuel   the  sun  rose   upon    him,  and   he 

aa.i^s.^Ts^  ^^'   hailed  upon  his  thigh.  ^^  Therefore  the  children  of  Israel   eat   not  of 

the  sinew  which  shrank,  which  is  upon  the  hollow  of  the  thigh,  unto 

this  day  ;  because  He  touched  the  hollow  of  Jacob's  thigh  in  the  sinew 

that  shrank. 

'  And  Jacob  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  looked. and.  behold,  Esau      ^p. 

came,  and  with  him  four  hundred  men  !     And  he  divided  the 

children  unto  Leah,  and  unto  Rachel,  and  unto  the  two  handmaids.  -  And 

he  put  the  handmaids  and  their  children  foremost,  and  Leah  and  her 

children  after,  and  Rachel  and  Joseph  hindermost.  ^  And  he  passed  over 

tt  Ge.  18  2.  &  42.  before  them,  and  "bowed  himself  to  the  ground  seven  times,  until  he  came 

near  to  his  brother.  ^  And  Esau  ran  to  meet  him,  and  embraced  him, 

rGe.  45. 14, 15.    "j^j^^j  fgjj  qj-,  j^jg  Y\Qc\i,  and  kisscd  him  ;  and  they  wept.  ^  And  he  lifted 

up  his  eyes,  and  saw  the  women  and   the  children  :  and  said,  "  Who 

*nch.u,thee.      are  those  *with  thee?"     And   he   said,  "  The  children  "which  God 

"^■3'!^i9%!'T8.  hath  graciously  given   thy   servant."  '^Tlien  the   handmaidens  came 

near,  thev  and  their  children,  and  they  bowed  themselves.  "  And  Leah 

also  with  her  children  came  near,  and  bowed  themselves  ;  and   after 

came  Joseph  near  and  Rachel,  and  they  bowed  themselves.  ^  And  he 

\iieh.  What  nan  gaid,  "  tWhat  meanest  thou  by  all  this  drove  which  I  met?  "  And  he 

said,  "  These  are  to  find   grace  in  the  sight  of  my  lord."  ^  And  Esau 

X Heh.bethatto    said,  "  I  havB  enough,  mv  brother  ;   tkeep  that  thou  hast  unto  thyself." 

tMeVuuiBmne.  j^  ^^^  Jacob  Said, '"  Nay,  I  pray  thee,  if  now  I  have  found  grace   in 

^z.''\2\^'\i.i\^  thy  sight,  then  receive  my  present  at  my  hand  ;   for  therefore  "^I  have 

28, 32.  Mat.' 18.'   gggj^  ^hy  f^gg^  as  though  I  had  seen  the' face  of  God,  and  thou  wast 

pleased  with  me.  ^^  Take,  I  pray  thee,  '-'my  blessing  that   is  brought 

yju.  1.15.  iPa.  to  thee  ;  because  God  hath  dealt  graciously  with   me,  and  because   I 

l'^fg^if-2"-  have  *enough."   "^And  he  urged   him,  and  "he  took  it.  ^-And   he  said, 

*n^iaiiihmgs.  «■  Let  us  take  our  journey,  and  let  us  go,  and  I  will  go  before   thee." 

i^'ki.VS.       ^^  And  he  said   unto  him,  "  My   lord  knoweth   that   the   children   are 

tender,  and  the  flocks  and  herds  with  young  are  with  me  ;  and  if  men 

t  Heh.  acc«rrf,r.ir    should  ovcrdrivc  them  one  day,  all  the  flock  will   die.   >^  Let  my  lord, 

^orkfl-c.t'd'    I  pray  thee,  pass  over  before  iiis  servant :  and   I   will  lead   on   softly, 

according  to  tjie    faccordiufT  as  the  cattle  that  (joeth  before  me  and  the  children  be  able 

font  of  the  Chll-  ,»  ,^  ",,  r-i-511^AlT-«  -J 

dren.  to  cndurc,  uutil  I  comc  uuto  uiy  loid   unto  Seir."   ^^And   Esau   said, 

tHeb.sre.or,      u  Lg^  ,^^g  „f)„r  llcavc  with  tlicc  somc  of  the  folk  that  are  with  me." 
/net  wh^efore  And  he  said,  "  *What  needeth  it  ?  "let  me  find  grace  in  the   sight  of 

istA«?  my  lord." 

"15  So  Esau  returned  that   day  on  his  way  unto  Seir.  ^' And  Jacob 


Part  IV.]  TRANSACTIONS  AT  SHALEM,  OR  SHECHEM.                107 

V's  rg'uo  c""  journeyed  to  'Succolh,  and  built  him  a  house,  and  made  booths  for 

t  Thhi  is,  booths,  his  cattle  ;  therefore  the  name  of  the  place  is  called  tSuccoth. 

■  Section  IX. —  Transactions  at  Shalem,  or  Shechem. 


Onan.  ^  And  she  yet  again  conceived,  and  bare  a  son  ;  and  called  his 
name  tShelah  :  and  he  was  at  Chezib,  when  she  bare  him. 


/Ge.  30.  91 
g  Tit.  2.  5 


Gen.  xxxiii.  18,  to  the  end,  chap,  xxxviii.  1-5,  and  chap,  xxxiv. 
SECT.   IX.        Jacob  arrives  at  Shalem.     19  He  hiyeth  a  field,  and  buildeth  an  altar  called   El-elohe-Israel.  — 

Chap,  xxxviii.  1  Judah  begetteth  Er,  Onan,  and  Shelah.  —  Chap,  xxxiv.  1  Dinah  is  ravished  by 

A.  M.  2268.  Shechem.     4  He  sueth  to  marry  hi-r.     13  The  so7is  of  Jacob  offer  the  condition  of  circumcision  to 

B.  C.  1736.  the  Shechemites.    20  Hamor  and  Shechem  persuade  them  to  accept  it.    25  The  sons  of  Jacob  upon 

that  advantage  slay  them,  27  ami  spoil  their  city.     30  Jacob  reprovelh  Si?neon  and  Levi. 

r  ,  T"^  ^^  And  Jacob  came  to  "Shalem  a  city  of  *Shechem,  which  is  in  the 

<Z  John  O.  XiJ.  -rx        ^  1  •         1  i       I    • 

*  Called,  Ac.  7.  land  of  Canaan,  whcu  he  came  from  Padan-aram  ;  and  pitched  his 
s-l:  if'j^ry.h''   tent  before  the  city,  i^  And  ^he  bought  a  parcel  of  a  field,  where   he 

5  Jos.  24. 32.  John  had  Spread  his  tent,  at  the  hand  of  the  children  of  f  Hamor,  Shechem's 
t  Called,  Acts  7.  father,  for  an  hundred  tpieces  of  money.  -"  And  he  erected  there  an 
iG,  Enuaor.        ^Itar,  aud  called  it  *El-elohe-Israel. 

*  rhJu^,'oodtke       ^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  that  time,  that  Judah  went  down      C^en 
Ge'^sfi""'"      ^'"°'^*  ^^^^  brethren,  and  'turned  in  to  a  certain  Adullamite,  ^•''•''^'"■ 

cGe.  19. 3.2Ki.  whosc  uamc  was  Hirah.  -And  Judah  saw  there  a  daughter  of  a  certain 

di ch. 2. 3.  Canaanite,whose  name  was  ''Shuah  ;  and  he  took  her,  and  went  in  unto 

^■^''"if'  ^''  ^"'  ^^^^'  ^  ^^^  ^'^®  conceived,  and  bare  a  son  ;  and  he  called  his  name  'Er. 

A.M. 2269.  ^And  she  conceived  again,  and  bare  a  son  ;  and  she  called  his  name 

b'.  c'  1735.' 

A.  M.  2270. 

B.  C.  1734. 

\  c.'  mi:         ^  A"<^  ^Dinah  the  daughter  of  Leah,  which  she  bare  unto  Gen.  xxxiv. 

Jacob,  ^went  out   to  see  the  daughters  of  the  land.  ^  And 

when  Shechem  the  son  of  Hamor  the  Hivite,  prince  of  the   country, 

"ft  Ge.  6. 2.  Ju.  14.  ''saw  her,  he  'took  her,  and  lay  with  her,  and  tdefiled  her.  ^  And  his  soul 

tGe.20.2.  clave  unto  Dinah  the  daughter  of  Jacob,  and  he  loved  the  damsel,  and 

^il^r%Tt2%    spake  tkindly  unto  the  damsel.  **  And  Shechem  ^spake  unto  his  father 

XHeh.  to  tiie  heart  Hamor,  sayiug,  "  Get  me  this  damsel  to  wife."  ^  And  Jacob  heard  that 

s{e'fl'^4r2.'      he  had  defiled  Dinah  his  daughter  :  now  his   sons  were  with  his  cattle 

Ho. 2. 14.  i,^  thg  field;  and  Jacob  ''held  his  peace  until  they  were  come. 

li'sa.  io727.  ^  And  Hamor  the  father  of  Shechem  went  out  unto  Jacob  to  com- 

2  sa.  13. 22.       munc  with  him.  "^  And  the  sons  of  Jacob  came  out  of  the  field  when 

^n'oi'  ^"  ^^^'  they  heard  it ;  and  the  men  were  grieved,  and  they  'were  very  wroth, 

m  Jol  7. 15.  Ju.    because  he  '"had  wrought  folly  in  Israel  in  lying  with  Jacob's  daughter ; 

^''-  '^-        ^  ^     "wliich  thing  ought  not   to   be   done.  ^  And  Hamor  communed  with 

Via.'    '"  ^'  them,  saying, "  The  soul  of  my  son  Shechem  longeth  for  your  daughter ; 

I  pray  you  give  her  him   to  wife.  ^  And   make   ye  marriages  with  us, 

and  give  your  daughters   unto  us,  and  take  our  daughters  unto  you. 

oGe.  13. 9.&20.  ^°  And  yc  shall  dwell  with  us;  and  "the  land   shall  be   before  you; 

15.  &'42. 34.  &    dwell  and  trade  ye  therein,  and  get  you  possessions  therein."   ^^  And 

Shechem  said  unto  her  father,  and  unto   her  brethren,  "  Let  me  find 

grace  in  your  eyes,  and  what  ye  shall  say  unto  me  I  will  give.  ^^  Ask 

p  Ex.  K.  16  17.    "^^  never  so  much  ^dowry  and  gift,  and  I  will   give  according  as  ye 

1  Sa.  18.  25.      shall  say  unto  me  ;  but  give  me  the  damsel  to  wife." 

^^  And  the  sons  of  Jacob  answered  Shechem  and  Hamor  his  father 
'24!ll^'''  ^^'      'deceitfully,  and  said,  (because  he   had   defiled  Dinah   their  sister ;) 
^^  and  they  said  unto  them,  "  We   cannot  do  this  thing,  to  give  our 
rJos.  5. 9.  sister  to  one  that  is  uncircumcised ;  for  '^that  were  a  reproach  unto  us. 

^^  But  in  this  will  we  consent  unto  you  ;  if  ye  will  be  as  we  be,  that 
every  male  of  you  be  circumcised ;  ^^  then  will  we  give  our  daughters 
unto  you,  and  we  will  take  your  daughters  to  us,  and  we  will  dwell 
with  you,  and  we  will  become  one  people.  '^''  But  if  ye  will  not  hearken 
unto  us,  to  be  circumcised  ;  then  will  we  take  our  daughter,  and  we 
will  be  gone." 

^^  And  their  words  pleased  Hamor,  and  Shechem,  Hamor's  son.  ^^  And 


108  JACOB  BUILDS  AN  ALTAR  AT  BETHEL.       [Period  IL 

the  young  man  deferred  not  to  do  the  thing,  because  he  had  deUght 

3 1  ch.  4. 9.  in  Jacob's  daughter  ;  and  he  was  'more  honorable  than  all  the  house 
of  his  father. 

-^  And  Hamor  and  Shechem  his  son  came  unto  the  gate  of  their  city, 
and  communed  with  the  men  of  their  city,  saying,  ^^  "  These  men  are 
peaceable  with  us ;  therefore  let  them  dwell  in  the  land,  and  trade 
therein ;  for  the  land,  behold,  it  is  large  enough  for  them  ;  let  us  take 
their  daughters  to  us  for  wives,  and  let  us  give  them  our  daughters. 
"  Only  herein  will  the  men  consent  unto  us  for  to  dwell  with  us,  to  be 
one  people,  if  every  male  among  us  be  circumcised,  as  they  are  cir- 
cumcised. 23  Shall  not  their  cattle  and  their  substance  and  every  beast 
of  theirs  be  ours?  only  let  us  consent  unto  them,  and  they  will  dwell 
with  us."  2^  And  unto  Hamor  and  unto  Shechem  his  son  hearkened 

t  Ge.  23. 10.  all  that  'went  out  of  the  gate  of  his  city  ;  and  every  male  was  circum- 
cised, all  that  went  out  of,  the  gate  of  his  city. 

2^  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  third  day,  when  they  were  sore,  that 

u  Ge. 49. 5, 6, 7.  two  of  the  SOUS  of  Jacob,  "Simeon  and  Levi,  Dinah's  brethren,  took 
each  man  his  sword,  and  came  upon  the  city  boldly,  and  slew  all  the 

*  Heb.  mouth,  malcs.  ~^  And  they  slew  Hamor  and  Shechem  his  son  with  the  *edge 
of  the  sword,  and  took  Dinah  out  of  Shechem's  house,  and  went  out. 
2^  The  sons  of  Jacob  came  upon  the  slain,  and  spoiled  the  city,  because 
they  had  defiled  their  sister.  ~^  They  took  their  sheep,  and  their  oxen, 
and  their  asses,  and  that  which  was  in  the  city,  and  that  which  was  in 
the  field.  ^^And  all  their  wealth,  and  all  their  little  ones,  and  their 
wives  took  they  captive,  and  spoiled  even  all  that  was  in  the  house. 

"66.^49. 6.  Ex.  5.  30  And  Jacob  Said  to  Simeon  and  Levi,  "  Ye  "have  troubled  me  to  make 
1  sa.°i3.  4.  ■      me  to  Stink  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  land,  among  the  Canaanites 

"io5''i2  ^'  ^''  and  the  Perizzites ;  "and  I  being  few  in  number,  they  shall  gather 
themselves  together  against  me,  and  slay  me,  and  I  shall  be  destroyed, 
I  and  my  house."    ^i  And  they  said,  "  Should  he  deal  with  our  sister 

. as  with  a  harlot  ?  " 

Section    X. — Events  between  the  Flight  of  Jacob  from  Shechem  till  his 
ggp.p   X.  Return  to  his  Father. 

Gen.  XXXV.  1-27. 

A.  M.  2275.       Qo^  gg„deth  Jacob  to  Beth-el.    2  He  purgeth  his  house  of  idols.    6  He  buikltlh  an  altar  at  Beth-el. 
B.  O.  1729.  8  Deborah  dieth  at  Allon-bachvth.    9  God  hlesseth  Jacob  at  Beth-el.    IG_  Rachel  travaileth  of  Ben- 

jamin, and  dieth  in  the  way  to  Edar.    22  Reuben  lieth  tvith  Billiali.    23  The  sons  of  Jacob.    27 

Jacob  Cometh  to  Isaac  at  Hebron. 

aGe.28.19.  1  And  God  said  unto  Jacob,  "  Arise,  go  up  to  "Beth-el,  and  dwell 

6Ge.28.i3.  thcrc  ;  and  make  there  an  altar  unto  God,  Hhat  appeared  unto  thee 
when  thou  fleddest  from  t!ie  fiice  of  Esau  thy  brother."  ^Then  Jacob 
cSeeGe.18.19.  said  uuto  his 'liousehoM,  and  to  all  that  were  with  him,  "  Put  away 
dGe-3i-ji9,j54.    d^j^g  straugo  gods  that  are  among  you,  and  be  clean,  and  change  your 

24!'2,23.]'sa!'  garmciits.  3 And  let  us  arise,  and  go  up  to  Beth-el;  and  1  will  make 
eGe'28  20  &     there  an  altar  unto  God,  %vho  answered  me  in  the  day  of  my  distress, 

il'AI'e""' and  was  with  me  in  the  way  which  I  went."  ^  And  they  gave  unto 
/Ho.  2!  13."  '  Jacob  all  the  strange  gods  which  were  in  their  hand,  and  all  their  ^ear- 
wo,. 24. 26. Ju.  j.jj^„g  ^yjjjpi^  ^yere  in  their  ears;  and  Jacob  hid  them  under  nhc  oak 
A E '.'is.  10. & 23.  whTch   was  by  Shechem.  ^And  they  journeyed  ;  and  ''the  terror  of 

u.^:!of'M  God  was  upon  the  cities  that  were  round  about  them,  and  they  did  not 

fs^ach  h'  h  pursue  after  the  sons  of  Jacob. 

&i7.iu;  6  go  Jacob  came  to  'Luz,  which  is  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  that  is, 

,-Gc. 28.^19,22.  j3g^,^_gj  j^g  ^,^,1  all  tlie  people  that  were  with  him.  '  And^he  built  there 
1  Th  .t'i,'  The     an  altar,  and  called  the  place  *El-beth-el ;  because  there  Txod  appeared 

oodofBcih-a.  ^^^^  ,^j^^  ^yj,g,^  t^g  fle^l  f^on^  the  face  of  his  brother.  «But  Deborah, 
fcGe.28.13.        j^g|jgj.^|^,g  „urse,  died,  and  she  was  buried  beneath  Beth-el  under  an 

^VTe'lnt''""^'  oak  ;  and  the  name  of  it  was  called  tAllon-bachuth. 

inm'  ^  And  'God    appeared  unto  Jacob  again,  when  he  came  out  of  Pa- 


Part  IV.]  THE  FAMILY  OF  ESAU.  109 


I  Ge.  17.  5. 
Gc.  3-2.  28. 


0  Soo  Go.  17. 
p  See  Ge.  12. 


dan-arain,  and  blessed  him.  ^'^  And  God  said  unto  him,  "  Thy  name  is 
Jacob ;  '"thy  name  shall  not  be  called  any  more  Jacob,  but  "Israel  shall 
be  thy  name :  "  and  he  called  his  name  Israel.  ^^  And  God  said  unto 
him,  "  I  "am  God  Almighty  :  be  fruitful  and  multiply  ;  'a  nation  and  a 
company  of  nations  shall  be  of  thee,  and  kings  shall  come  out  of  thy 

q  See  Ge.  12. 7.  loins  ;  ^^  and  'the  land  vvhicii  I  gave  Abraham  and  Isaac,  to  thee  I  will 
give  it,  and  to  thy  seed  after  thee  will  I  give  the  land."  ^^  And  God 
went  up  from   him  in   the  place  where  he  talked  with  him.  ^'*  And 

rGe.28. 18.  Jacob  "^sct  up  a  pillar  in  the  place  where  he  talked  with  him,  even  a 
pillar  of  stone  ;  and  he  poured  a  drink  offering  thejeon,  and  he  poured 
oil  thereon.  ^^  And  Jacob  called  the  name  of  the  place  where  God 
spake  with  him,  'Beth-el. 
'f,„rf^  ^^  And  they  journeyed  from  Beth-el ;  and  there  was  but  ta  little  way 
to  come  to  Ephrath,  and  Rachel  travailed,  and  she  had  hard  labor. 
^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  she  was  in  hard  labor,  that  the  midwife 
said  unto  her,  "  Fear  not ;  thou  shalt  have  this  son  also."  ^^  And  it 
came  to  pass,  as   her  soul  was  in   departing  (for  she  died),  that  she 

Jmifo'rrow'"''  Called  his  uamc  *Benoni;  but  his  father  called  him  tBenjamin.  ^^And 

r\v^iis,theson  Rachcl  'died,  and  was  buried  in  the  way  to  "Ephrath,  which  is  Beth- 

Gc^rS'*"'"''  ^^^®'^-  ^^  ^"^  "^^^^^  ^®^  ^'   Pi^^a^  "Pon  her  grave  ;  that  is  the  pillar  of 

Ru.  1. 2.  &  4.    I^achel's  grave  "unto  this  day. 

11^  M^c.^5. 2.  21  ^j-,^!  Israel  journeyed,  and  spread  his  tent   beyond  the  ''tower  of 

iVa.  \o.  2.       Edar.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Israel  dwelt  in  that  land,  that  R,eu- 
ben  went  and  ""lay  with  Bilhah  his  father's  concubine  :  and  Israel  heard  it. 
Now  the  sons  of  Jacob  were  twelve.  ^^  The  sons  of  Leah  ;  B,euben, 

sn'.s'eVis^"  Jacob's  firstborn,  and  Simeon,  and  Levi,  and  Judah,  and  Issachar,  and 

1  co.""5. 1.  ■  "  Zebulun.  ^^  The  sons  of  Rachel ;  Joseph,  and  Benjamin.  ^^  And  the 
sons  of  Bilhah,  Rachel's  handmaid ;  Dan,  and  Naphtali.  -''  And  the 
sons  of  Zilpah,  Leah's  handmaid  ;  Gad,  and   Asher  : — ihese   are  the 

Ge.  13. 18.  &     sons  of  Jacob,  which  were  born  to  him  in  Padan-aram. 

j^'^  \^  "jg  ^^  And  Jacob  came   unto  Isaac  his   father  unto  ^Mamre,  unto  the 

'  'city  of  Arbah,  which  is  Hebron,  where  Abraham  and  Isaac  sojourned. 


J  Heb.  a  little 
piece  of 
2  ICi.  5. 


2  Sa.  IS. 
w  Mic.  4. 
X  Ge.  49.  4.  1  Ch. 


A.  M.  ab.  2208. 

B.  C.  ab.  1796. 


a  Ge  2.5.  30. 
b  Ge.  26.  34. 


Section  XI. —  The  Family  of  Esau. 

Gen.  xxxvi. 

Esau's  three  wives.  6  His  retnoving  to  Mount  Seir.  9  His  sons.  15  The  dukes  which  descended  of 
his  sons.  20  The  sons  and  dukes  of  Seir.  24  Anahjindeth  mules.  31  The  kings  of  Edom.  4i3 
Tlie  dukes  that  descended  of  Esau. 

^  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  Esau,  "who  is  Edom. 
^  Esau  Hook  his  wives  of  the  daughters  of  Canaan ;  Adah,  the 
a  a'i76of'  daughter  of  Elon  the  Hittite,  and  Aholibamah,  the  daughter  of  Anah 
a  Or,  the  son  of  ''the  daughter  of  Zibeon  the  Hivite  ;  ^  and  "Bashemath,  Ishmael's 
iJl-a/.^^'^ '""^"  daughter,  sister  of  Nebajoth.  ■*  And  '^\dah  bare  to  Esau  Eliphaz  ;  and 
cGe.28.9.  Bashcmath  bare  Reuel ;  '^  and  Aholibamah  bare  Jeush,  and  Jaalam, 
dich.  1.35.  and  Korah  ;  these  are  the  sons  of  Esau,  which  were  born  unto  him  iu 
B.' c.'a^b.' mo.'   the  land  of  Canaan. 

A.  M.  22G4.  ^  And  Esau  took  his  wives,  and  his  sons,  and  his  daughters,  and  all 

the  ^persons  of  his  house,  and  his  cattle,  and  all  his  beasts,  and  all  his 
substance,  which  he  had  got  in  the  land  of  Canaan  ;  and  went  into  the 
country  from  the  face  of  his  brother  Jacob.  '''  For  'their  riches  were 
/Ge.  17. 8.  &  28.  more  than  that  they  might  dwell  together  ;  -^and  the  land  wherein  they 
were  strangers  could  not  bear  them  because  of  their  cattle.  ^  Thus 
g  See  Ge.32.3.  elwclt  Esau  in  "Mount  Seir:  Esau  is  Edom. 

t  Heb.  FAom.  ^  Aud  thcsc  are  the  generations  of  Esau  the  father  of  ithe  Edomites 

h  1  Ch.  1. 35,  &c.  in  Mount  Seir.  ^^  These  are  the  names  of  Esau's  sons  ;  ''Eliphaz,  the  son 

of  Adah  the  wife  of  Esau,  R,euel,  the   son   of  Bashemath   the  wife  of 

XOr,zephi,ic\..  Egj^u_  n  ^nd  the  sons  of  Eliphaz  were  Teman,   Omar,  tZepho,  and 

Gatam,  and  Kenaz.  ^^  And  Timna  was  concubine  to   Eliphaz,  Esau's 

VOL.   I.  J 


e  Ge.  13.  6,  11. 


110  THE  FAMILY  OF  ESAU.  [Period  II. 

'nu.  24!  V.'^be.  SO"  ;  3.nd  she  bare  to  Eliphaz,  'Amalck  :  these  were  the  sons  of  Adah, 

f-^\  1  sa- 15.  Esau's  wife.  ^^  And  these  are  the  sons  of  Reuel ;  Nahath,  and  Zerah, 

Shammah,  and  Mizzah  :  these  were  the  sons  of  Bashemath,  Esau's  wife. 

^^  And  these  were  the  sons  of  AhoUbamah,  the  daughter  of  Anah 

b  Or,  the  son  of    btho  dauirhter  of  Zibeon  Esau's  wife  :  and  she  bare  to  Esau,  Jeush,  and 

Zibeon,  see  ver.    _       ,  ■^  _, 

20.— £</.  Jaalam,  and  Korali. 

First  aristocracy        1^  Thoso  Were   dukes  of  the  sons  of  Esau  :  the  sons  of  Ehphaz  the 

A.  M."ab. 2429™o  firstbom  SOU  of  Esau  ;  duke  Teman,  duke  Omar,  duke  Zepho,  duke 

B.  c.lb!W  to  Kenaz,  ^''duke  Korah,  duke  Gatam,  and  duke  Amalek :   these  are  the 

1533.         dukes  that  came  of  Ehphaz  in  the  land  of  Edom  ;  these  were  the  sons 
of  Adah. 

'^''' And  these  are  the  sons  of  Reuel,  Esau's  son  ;  duke  Nahath,  duke 
Zerah,  duke  Shammah,  duke  Mizzah  :  these  are  the  dukes  that  came  of 
Reuel  in  the  land  of  Edom  ;  these  are  the  sons  of  Bashemath,  Esau's  wife. 
1^  And  these  are  the  sons  of  Aholibamah,  Esau's  wife  ;  duke  Jeush, 
duke  Jaalam,  duke  Korah :  these  were  the  dukes  that  came  of  Aholib- 
amah the   daughter   of  Anah,   Esau's  wife.  ^^  These  are  the  sons  of 
Esau,  who  is  Edom,  and  these  are  their  dukes. 
^i2^^2^'i'ch^'i^'       ^'^ These  •'are  the  sons  of  Seir  the  Horite,  who  inhabited  the  land; 
38-  Lotan,  and  Shobal,  and  Zibeon,  and  Anah,  ^^and  Dishon,  and  Ezer, 

and  Dishan  :  these  are  the  dukes  of  the  Horites,  the  children  of  Seir 
in  the  land  of  Edom.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Lotan  were   Hori  and 
*i°T/,^"™9^'       *Heman  ;  and  Lotan's  sister  was  Timna.  ~^  And  the  children  of  Sho- 
tOr,^zjaK,ich.  bal  were  these;   tAlvan,    and    Manahath,  and   Ebal,    IShepho,    and 
%or^shepu,ic\i.  Ouam.  -^  And  these  are  the  children  of  Zibeon  ;  both  Ajah,  and  Anah: 
1-  ^^-      '         this  was  that  Anah  that  found  *the  mules  in  the  wilderness,  as  he  fed 
the  asses  of  Zibeon  his  father.  "^^  And  the  children  of  Anah  were  these ; 
Dishon,  and  Aholibamah  the  daughter  of  Anah.  -*'  And  these  are  the 
*i%'..iTr'      children  of  Dishon  ;  *Hemdan,  and  Eshban,  and  Ithran,  and  Cheran. 
tor,ja/;an,ich.  =^^  The  childrcu  of  Ezer  are  these  ;  Bilhan,  and   Zaavan,  and  tAkan. 
A.'M^'ab.2093  to  ~^ The  children  of  Dishan  are  these;  Uz,  and  Aran.  -''These  are  the 
B.  a''ab^^?9ii  to  dukes  that  came  of  the  Horites  ;  duke  Lotan,  duke  Shobal,  duke  Zib- 
ab.  1575.       gQj^_  fi^ii-g  Anah,  ^^  duke  Dishon,  duke  Ezer,  duke  Dishan  :  these  are 
the  dukes  that  came  of  Hori,  among  their  dukes  in  the  land  of  Seir. 
1 1  ch.  1.43.  31  /^,-jfi  'tjiese  are  the  kings  that  reigned  in  the  land  of  Edom,  before 

there  reigned  any  king  over  the  children  of  Israel.  ^~  And  Bela  the  son  of 
'2387?'""' '"  Beor  reigned  in  Edom  :  and  the  name  of  his  city  was  Dinhabah.  ^^  And 
B.C.  ab.^i8G9  to  ^^j^  ^y^^^^  ^^^^^  Jobab  the  son  of  Zerah  of  Bozrah  reigned  in  his  stead. 
^'^  And  Jobab  died,  and  Husham  of  the  land  of  Temani  reigned   in 
his  stead. 

'■^5  x\nd  Husham  died,  and  Hadad  the  son  of  Bedad,  who  smote 
Midian  in  the  field  of  Moab,  reigned  in  his  stead :  and  the  name  of 
his  city  was  Avith. 

^^  And  Hadad  died,  and  Samlah  of  Masrekah  reigned  in  his  stead. 
^■^  And  Samlah  died,  and  Saul,  of  Rehoboth  by  the   river,  reigned 
in  his  stead. 

^^  And  Saul  died,  and   Baal-hanan,  the  son   of  Achbor,  reigned  m 
liis  stead. 
'"J  VVJ-^"-,,         ^'  And  Baal-hanan  the  son  of  Achbor  died,  and  "'Hadar  reigned  in 

HadiidPai:  Ciller  „     ,   .  .  t,  i     1  -  •/•   > 

his  death  was  an  his  stcad  :  and  the  name  of  his  city  was  rau  ;  and  liis  wite  s  name 
anstocracy,  Lx.  ^^^^^  Mehctabcl,  tlic  daughter  of  Hatred,  the  daughter  of  Mezahab. 

A.  ^\.^.^m  to       40  And  these  are  the  names  of  "the  dukes  that  came  of  Esau,  accord- 

B.  c.  ab.  1533  to  ing  to  their  families,  after  their  |:)laccs,  by  their  names  ;  duke  Timnah, 
«)Ch.'h5i.  duke  tAlvah,  duke  Jetheth.  ''^  duke  Aholibamah,  duke  Elah,  duke 
xor, Aiiah.'       Pinon,  "I'-duke  Kenaz,  duke  Teman,  duke  Mibzar,  ^^duke  Magdiel, 

duke  Iram  :   these  be  the  dukes  of  Edom,  according  to  their  habitations 
•  iieb.  Kdom.       i,j  tije  i;^n<i  of  thcii"  posscssiou  :   he  is  Esau  the  father  of  *the  Edomites. 


A.  M.  ab.  2135  to 


Part  v.]  JOSEPH  SOLD  INTO  EGYPT.  Ill 


PART    V. 

HISTORY   OF  JOSEPH   AND    HIS   FAMILY   IN   EGYPT. 
Section  I. — Joseph  sold  into  Egypt} 


SECT.  I. 


A.  M.  3276. 
C.  17-28. 


Gen.  xxxvii.  and  chap,  xxxix.  1-C. 


c  Ge.  2 
49.  23, 


Hales,  1835.  Joseph  is  hated  of  his  brethren.     5  His  two  dreams.     13  Jacob  scndeth  him  to  visit  his  brethren.     18 

Canaan.  ^'^  brethren  conspire  his  death.     21  Reuben  saveth  him.     26  Tliey  sell  him  to  the  Ishmeelites. 

3 1  His  Jather.  deceived  by  the  bloody  coat,  mourneth  for  him.     3(5  He  is  sold  to  Fotiphar  in 

,  „  .      ...  Eirypt.  —  Chap,  xxxi.x.  1  He  is  advanced  in  Fotiphar' s  house. 

htl^s^Ge/^'t       ^^'^ND  Jacob  dwelt  in  the  land  *  wherein  his  father  was  a  stranger, 
fc'd.  4. &  28. 4.  in  the  land  of  Canaan. 

&3S.  7.  He.  11.  o  T  II-  ,  ,  ^  . 

9.  -Joseph,  being  seventeen  years  old,  was  feeding  the  flock  with  his 

brethren  ;  and  the  lad  was  with  the  sons  of  Bilhah,  and  with  the  sons 

of  Zilpah,   his  father's  wives  :  and  Joseph   brought  unto   his  father 

a  1  sa.  2.  22-24.   "t^gj,.  g^ji  report.  3  Now  Israel  loved  Joseph  more    than   all   his    chil- 

6Ge.44.-2o.        drcn,  because  he  was  Hhe  son  of  his  old  age  ;  and  he  made  him  a  coat 

^5!-M.fsi^ri    ^^.   "^^"y  tcolors.  ^  And  when  his  brethren  saw  that  their  father  loved 

him  more  than  all  his  brethren,  they  'hated  him,  and  could  not  speak 

peaceably  unto  him. 

^  And  Joseph  dreamed  a  dream,  and  he  told  it  his  brethren  :  and 
they  hated  him  yet  the  more.  *^  And  he  said  unto  them,  "Hear,  I 
pray  you,  this  dream  whicli  I  have  dreamed  ;  ^  for,  ''behold,  we  were 
binding  sheaves  in  the  field,  and,  lo,  my  sheaf  arose,  and  also  stood 
upright  ;  and,  behold,  your  sheaves  stood  round  about,  and  made 
obei.sance  to  my  sheaf!  "  ^  And  his  brethren  said  to  him,  "  Shalt  thou 
indeed  reign  over  us?  or  shalt  thou  indeed  have  dominion  over  us?" 
And  they  hated  him  yet  the  more  for  his  dreams,  and  for  his  words. 

^  And  he  dreamed  yet  another  dream,  and  told  it  his  brethren,  and 
said,  "  Behold,  I  iiave  dreamed  a  dream  more  ;  and,  behold  !  'the  sun 
and  the  moon  and  the  eleven  stars  made  obeisance  to  me  !  "  i°  And 
he  told  it  to  his  father,  and  to  his  brethren :  and  his  father  rebuked 
him.  and  said  unto  him,  ''What  is  this  dream  that  thou  hast  dreamed? 
Shall  I  and  thy  mother  and  ^thy  brethren  indeed  come  to  bow  down 
hol'i'i  Lu  ^"'"'^^'^'^^  ^'^  ^'^^®  to  the  earth  ?  "  ^^  And  "'his  brethren  envied  him  ;  but 
a.ig.'sK  ■   "■    his  father ''observed  the  saying. 

B'.c.abiio'  ^^  And  his  brethren  went  to  feed  their  father's  flock  in  Shechem. 
"And  Israel  said  unto  Joseph,  "  Do  not  thy  brethren  feed  the  flock 
tHeb  seethe  "^  Shcchcm  ?  coiiic,  and  I  will  send  thee  unto  them."  And  he  said 
peace' of L/brctii-  to  him,  "Here  am  I."  "  And  he  said  to  him,  "  Go,  I  pray  thee,  tsee 
whether  it  be  well  with  thy  brethren,  and  well  with  the  flocks :  and 
bring  me  word  again."  So  he  sent  him  out  of  the  vale  of  'Hebron, 
and  he  came  to  Shechem. 

^'  And  a  certain  man  found  him,  and,  behold,  he  was  wandering  in 

the  field :  and  the  man   asked   him,   saying,  "  What  seekest  thou  ? " 

^^  And  he  said,  "  I  seek  my  brethren  ;  tell  me,  I  pray  thee,  where  they  " 

■2Ki  6  13         ^^^^^  ^^^®^'"  ^^^^^"  ^^  And  the  man  said,  "They  are  departed   hence  ; 

iisa.  19.1.  Ps.  ^^}  I  heard  them  say,  'Let  us  go  to  ^Dothan.'  "     And   Joseph  went 

32:  &  94:21:'''  ^'t^^'  ^^^^  brethren,  and  found  them  in  Dothan.  ^^And  when  they  saw 

M..  14. 11.        hini  afar  off,  even  before   he  came  near  unto   them,  *they  conspired 

against  him  to  slay  him.  ^^  And   they  said  one  to  another,  "  Behold, 

P°)  In  the  history  of  Joseph  and  his  brethren,  a  of  man.  are  still  accomplishing  the  prophecies  of 

train    of  events   apparently   natural,  and     arising  the  Almighty  ;  and  generations  yet  unborn  will  see 

out  of  each  other,  is  overruled  to  the   accomplish-  that  the  transactions  of  the  present,  and  of  the  few 

ment   of  the    purposes,  and   prophecies   of  God;  last  centuries,  are  overruled  to  the  fulfilment  of  the 

without  any  interference  with,  or  control  over,  the  predictions  of  Revelation,— as  plainly  as  we   can 

free  agency  of  man  ;  and  the  history  furnishes  us  ourselves  trace  the  manner  in  which   the  wars   of 

v.-ith  a  complete  specimen  of  the  mode  in  which  an  the  Romans,  and  the  subjugation   of  the  world  by 

All-wise  Providence  still  governs  the  world.     The  those    proud  masters,  prepared  the  Avay   for    the 

ambition,  the  wars,  the  pride,  and  the  restlessness  Prince  of  Peace. 


/Ge.  27.  29. 


ren,  1,-c.  Ge.  29, 
0. 
t  Ge.  35.  27. 


112  THE  FAMILY  OF  JUDAH.  [Period  II. 

*^rtj^.'^''''''^  this  *dreamer  cometh  !  ^o  Come  'now  therefore,  and  let  us  slay  him, 
zprov.  1.11,16.  and  cast  him  into  some  pit,  and  we  will  say,  Some  evil  beast  hath 
.&27.4.  (jevoured  him:  and  we  shall  see  what  will  become  of  his  dreams." 
^^  And  Reuben  heard  it,  and  he  delivered  him  out  of  their  hands ;  and 
said,  "  Let  us  not  kill  him."  —  And  Reuben  said  unto  them,  "  Shed 
no  blood,  but  cast  him  into  this  pit  that  is  in  the  wilderness,  and  lay 
no  hand  upon  him  ;  "  that  he  might  rid  him  out  of  their  hands,  to 
deliver  him  to  his  father  again. 

-^  And  it  came  to  pass  when  Joseph   was  come   unto   his   brethren, 

t  Or,  piece*.         tj^j^t  jj^gy  g^j-jp^  Joseph  out  of  his  coat  (his  coat  of  many  tcolors  that 

was  on  him),  ~*and  they  took  him,  and  cast  him  into  a  pit;  and  the 

".^e! ^°' ^°' ^™'  P^t  was  empty,  there  was  no  water  in  it.  ^^And  '"they  sat   down   to 

eat  bread ;  and  they  lifted   up   their  eyes  and  looked,  and,  behold,  a 

company  of  Ishmeelites  came  from  Gilead  with  their   camels  bearing 

nJe.8.22.  spiccry  and  "balm  and  myrrh,  going  to  carry  it  down  to  Egypt.  ^^  And 

Judah  said  unto  his  brethren,  "  What  profit  is  it  if  we  slay  our  brother, 

"le.^is'  ^°"  ^°^    ^"^^  "conceal  his  blood  ?  ^^  Come,  and  let  us  sell  him  to  the  Ishmeelites, 

pisa.  18. 17.      and  ^'let  not  our  hand  be  upon  him  ;  for  he  is   'our  brother  and  our 

?Ge.^p-J4.  &     flesh."     And  his  brethren    twere  content.  ^'^Then  there    passed  by 

t  Heb.  hearkened.  '^Midiauites,  merchantmen  ;  and  they  drew  and   lifted  up   Joseph  out 

r  Ju.  6. 3.  of  the  pit,  'and  sold  Joseph  to  the   Ishmeelites  for   'twenty  pieces  of 

^wis.'io."  is!  Ac.  silver  ;  and  they  brought  Joseph  into  Egypt. 

s^  M  27  q  ~^  And  Reuben  returned  unto  the  pit ;  and,  behold,  Joseph  was  not 
uasa.  3.3i.Job  in  the  pit!  and  he  "rent  his  clothes.  ^^  And  he  returned  unto  his 
^A^".«  ,o  oo    brethren,  and  said,  '-The  "child  is  not!  and   I,  whither  shall   I  go?" 

t>  Ge.  42.  13, 36.     o,     .       ,      {  ,      \  ,  ,  i     i  -n     i  i  ■  i        /-      i  i 

je. 31. 15.         -^-/ind  they  took  Josephs   coat,  and   killed   a  kid  ot  the   goats,  and 
dipped  the   coat  in   the   blood  ;  ^~  and  they  sent  the   coat  of  many 
colors,  and  they  brought  it  to  their  father ;  and  said,  "  This  have  we 
found:  know  now  whether  it  be  thy  son's  coat  or  no."  ^-^And  lie 
toGe. 44. £8.       kncw  it,  and  said,  "It  is  my  son's  coat;  an  evil  "beast  hath  devoured 
him  ;  Joseph  is  without  doubt  rent  in   pieces."  ^^  And  Jacob  rent  his 
clothes,  and  put  sackcloth   upon  his  loins,  and  mourned  for   his  son 
x^Sa.\=i.v7.io\)  many  days.  -^^And  all  his  sons  and  all  his  daughters  "^rose  up  to  com- 
7/Ge.42.38.&     fort  him;  but  he  refused  to  be  comforted  ;  and  he  said,  "For   "I  will 
44.29,31.         go  down  into   the   grave   unto  my  son   mourning."     Thus  his  father 
\uuhe  word'     wept  for  him.  ^^^Atid  the  Midianitcs  sold  him   into  Egypt  unto  Poti- 
on!''cim'»^fo"but  ph^-''  ^"  ^'officer  of  Pharaoh's  and  tcaptain  of  the  guard. 
w^s'^'ZlTr  ^     "^  Joseph  was  brought  down  to  Egypt ;  and  Potiphar,  Gex.  xxxix. 

and  yyicejs.  eJi.  au  officcr  of  Pharaoh,  captain   of  the  guard,  an   Egyptian, 
^'vM^.  chief  of  the  ^^o'^g^^t  liiui  of  tlic  hauds   of  the  Ishmeelites,  which    had   brought  him 
siaugiiicrmen,oT,  down  thithcr.  ~  And  ""the  Lord  was  with  Joseph,  and  hev/asa  prospcr- 

executioiwrs,  or,  ,    ,  •  i         i  c  i   ■  i  t-i  •  *?    A        i 

chief  marshal,  ous  luau  ;  and  he  was  in  the  house  oi  his  master  the  Lgyptian.  -^  And 
^sTi.^bf  bir&ls   ^i^  master  saw  that  the  Lord  was  with  him,  and  that  the  Lord  "made  all 

fe'isM'-^a'Ac   *^^^^  '^^  ^^'^  *°  prosper  in  his   hand.  "^  And  Joseph  ''found  grace  in  his 

7.  9."  '"  ■  ■  sight,  and  he  served  him  ;  and  he  made  him  "overseer  over  his  house, 
J  Ge  ^8^3  &  10  ^""^  ^'^  ^^'^^  ^^®  '^^^  ^^^  P"t  into  his  hand.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass  from  the 

19."  '  *  "  time  that  he  had  made  him  overseer  in  his  house,  and  over  all  that 
dGe  30  27  he  had,  that  ''the  Lord  blessed  the  Egyptian's  house  for  Joseph's 
eisa.  16. 12.      sakc  ;  and  the  blessing  of  the  Lord  was  upon  all  that  he  had   in  the 

house,  and  in  the  field.  ''  And  he  left  all  that  he  had  in  Joseph's  hand ; 

and  he  knew  not  auglit  he  had,  save  the  bread  which  he  did  eat. 
— -   '      And  Joseph  "was  a  goodly  person,  and  well-favored. 

A.  fli.  2230. 

B.  c.  1718.  Section  II.— The  Family  of  Jtidah. 
Canaan.  Gen.  xxxviii.  6,  to  the  cud. 

—  '^  And   Judah   took  a  wife  for  Er  his  firstborn,   whose  name   was 

"■fCw^' ^"' ^"'  Tamar.  "And  "Er,  Judah's  firstborn,  was  wicked  in  the  sight  of  the 


Part  V.] 


THE  FAMILY  OF  JUDAH. 


113 


*  Heb.  was  evil  in 
the  eyes  oftlie 
LORD.  ' 

eGe.  4(i.  1-2.  Nu. 
26.  19. 

/Ru.  1.  13. 

g  Le.  22.  13. 

\  Heb.  the  days 
were  multiplied. 
ft2Sa.  13.39. 


J  Heb.  the  door  of 
eiies,  or,  of  Ena- 
jim.  Pr.  7.  12. 


*  Heb.  a  kid  of  the 
goats.    Ez.  16. 


f  Or,  in  Eiiajii 


t  Heb.  become  a 
contempt. 


j  Ju.  19.  2. 


I  Ge.  37.  32,  33. 


7K  1  ga.  24.  17 
K  Job  34.  31,  c 


*  Or,  IFherefore 
hast  thou  made 
this  breach 
against  thee  7 

i  That  is, abreach. 
Ge.  46.  12.  Nu. 
26.  20.  1  Ch.  2. 
4.  Wat.  1.  3. 


Lord  ;  ''and  the  Lord  slew  him.  ^  And  Judah  said  unto  Onan,  "  Go 
in  unto  'thy  brother's  wife,  and  marry  her,  and  raise  up  seed  to  thy 
brother."  ^  And  Onan  knew  that  the  seed  should  not  be  "^his  ;  and  it 
came  to  pass,  when  he  went  in  unto  his  brother's  wife,  that  he  spilled 
it  on  the  ground,  lest  that  he  should  give  seed  to  his  brother.  ^^  And 
the  thing  which  he  did  *displeascd  the  Lord  ;  wherefore  he  slew  'him 
also.  11  Then  said  Judah  to  Tamar  his  daughter-in-law,  "  Remain  -^a 
widow  at  thy  father's  house,  till  Shelah  my  son  be  grown  ; "  for  he 
said,  "  Lest  peradventure  he  die  also,  as  his  brethren  (/?(?."  And  Ta- 
mar went  and  'dwelt  in  her  father's  house. 

12  And  fin  process  of  time  the  daughter  of  Shuah,  Judah's  wife, 
died  ;  and  Judah  ''was  comforted,  and  went  up  unto  his  sheepshearers 
to  Timnath,  he  and  his  friend  Hirah  the  Adullamite.  ^^  And  it  was 
told  Tamar,  saying,  "  Behold,  thy  father-in-law  goeth  up  'to  Timnath 
to  shear  his  sheep."  ^^  And  she  put  her  widow's  garments  off  from 
her,  and  covered  her  with  a  veil,  and  wrapped  herself,  and  sat  in  tan 
open  place,  which  is  by  the  way  to  Timnath ;  for  she  saw  that  Shelah 
was  grown,  and  she  was  not  given  unto  him  to  wife.  ^^  When  Judah 
saw  her,  he  thought  her  to  be  a  harlot ;  because  she  had  covered  her 
face.  ^^  And  he  turned  unto  her  by  the  way,  and  said,  "  Go  to,  I  pray 
thee,  let  me  come  in  unto  thee  ;  "  (for  he  knew  not  that  she  was  his 
daughter-in-law).  And  she  said,  "  What  wilt  thou  give  me,  that  thou 
mayest  come  in  unto  me  ?  "  ^'^  And  he  said,  "  I  will  send  thee  *a  kid 
from  the  flock."  And  she  said,  "  Wilt  thou  give  me  a  pledge,  till  thou 
send  it  ?  "  ^^  And  he  said,  "  What  pledge  shall  I  give  thee  ?  "  And  she 
said,  "  Thy  signet,  and  thy  bracelets,  and  thy  staff  that  is  in  thy 
hand."  And  he  gave  it  her,  and  came  in  unto  her,  and  she  conceived 
by  him.  ^^  And  she  arose,  and  went  away,  and  laid  by  her  veil  from 
her,  and  put  on  the  garments  of  her  widowhood.  ^°  And  Judah  sent 
the  kid  by  the  hand  of  his  friend  the  Adullamite,  to  receive  his  pledge 
from  the  woman's  hand  ;  but  he  found  her  not.  ^^  Then  he  asked  the 
men  of  that  place,  saying,  "  Where  is  the  harlot,  that  was  topenly  by 
the  way  side?  "  And  they  said,  "There  was  no  harlot  in  this  place." 
^^  And  he  returned  to  Judah,  and  said,  ''  I  cannot  find  her ;  and  also 
the  men  of  the  place  said,  that  there  was  no  harlot  in  this  place." 
23  And  Judah  said,  "  Let  her  take  it  to  her,  lest  we  tbe  shamed  ; 
behold,  I  sent  this  kid,  and  thou  hast  not  found  her!  " 

24  And  it  came  to  pass  about  three  months  after,  that  it  was  told 
Judah,  saying,  "  Tamar  thy  daughter-in-law  ^hath  played  the  harlot ; 
and  also,  behold,  she  is  with  child  by  whoredom."  And  Judah  said, 
'■'  Bring  her  forth,  and  *^let  her  be  burnt."  ^5  When  she  was  brought 
forth,  she  sent  to  her  father-in-law,  saying,  "  By  the  man,  whose  these 
are,  am  I  with  child :  "  and  she  said,  "  Discern,  'I  pray  thee,  whose 
are  these,  the  signet,  and  bracelets,  and  staff."  ^^  And  Judah  acknowl- 
edged them,  and  said,  "  She  ""hath  been  more  righteous  than  I ;  be- 
cause that  I  gave  her  not  to  Shelah  my  son."  "And  he  knew  her 
again  no  more.  2''' And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  time  of  her  travail,  that, 
behold,  twins  were  in  her  womb.  ~^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  she 
travailed,  that  the  one  put  out  his  hand  ;  and  the  midwife  took  and 
bound  upon  his  hand  a  scarlet  thread,  saying,  "  This  came  out  first." 
2^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  he  drew  back  his  hand,  that,  behold,  his 
brother  came  out ;  and  she  said,  "  *How  hast  thou  broken  forth  ?  this 
breach  be  upon  thee  ;  "  therefore  his  name  was  called  tPharez.  2°  And 
afterward  came  out  his  brother,  that  had  the  scarlet  thread  upon  his 
hand  ;  and  his  name  was  called  Zarah. 


15 


114  .     IMPRISONMENT  OF  JOSEPH.  [Period  II. 

Section  III. — Imprisonment   of  Joieph — He  interprets  the  Dreams  of  his 
Fellow-prison  ers . 
^, Gen.  xxxix.  7,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  xl. 

SRPT    III  >  f  r 


A.  M.  2M6. 
B.  C.  1718. 


13.  P3.51.4. 


Joseph  resisteth  his  mistress's  temptation.  13  He  is  falsely  accused.  20  He  is  cast  into  prison.  21 
God  is  tcith  him  tliere.  —  Chap.  xl.  The  hutler  and  baker  of  Pharaoh  in  prison.  4  Joseph  hath 
cliarge  ofOiem.  5  He  inierpreteth  their  dreams.  20  Theij  come  to  pass  according  to  his  inter- 
pretation.    23  The  ingratitude  of  the  butler. 

Egypt.  "^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  his  master's  wife  cast 

„„  her  eyes  upon  Joseph  ;  and  she  said,  "Lie  "with  me."  ®  But  he  refused, 

aSSa.  13.  11.  j         -j  .       i-  x      5  •/•       .Wi      ii  i  i 

and  said  unto  his  master  s  wile,  '•  Behold,  my  master  wotteth  not  what 
is  with  me  in  the  house,  and  he  hath  committed  all  that  he  hath  to 
my  hand  ;  ^  there  is  none  greater  in  this  house  than  I ;  neither  hath 
he  kept  any  thing  back  from  me  but  thee,  because  thou  art  his  wife  : 

cGe  20^'l       ^^^^^^  then  can  I  do  this  great  wickedness,  'and  sin  against  God?" 
6. 2. 2  sa.'  12.'     ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  she  spake  to   Joseph  day  by  day,  that  he 
hearkened  not   unto  her,  to  lie  by  her,  or   to   be  with  her.   ^^  And   it 
came  to  pass  about  this  time,  that  Joseph  went  into   the  house  to  do 
his    business  ;  and    there   was  none  of  the  men  of  the  house  there 

<iPr.7. 13,  &c.  within.  1"^  And ''she  caught  him  by  his  garment,  saying,  "  Lie  with 
me  ;  "  and  he  left  his  garment  in  her  hand,  and  fled,  and  got  him  out. 
^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  she  saw  that  he  had  left  his  garment  in 
her  hand,  and  was  fled  forth,  ^"^  that  she  called  unto  the  men  of  her 
house,  and  spake  unto  them,  saying,  "  See  !  he  hath  brought  in  a 
Hebrew  unto  us  to  mock  us  ;  he  came  in  unto  me  to  lie  with  me,  and 

•  Heb.^eaf.  J  cried  with  a  *loud  voice.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  heard  tiiat 
I  lifted  up  my  voice  and  cried,  that  he  left  his  garment  with  me,  and 
fled,  and  got  him  out."  ^^  And  she  laid  up  his  garment  by  her,  until  his 

*ilo.'^'  ^"  ^^'  lord  came  home.  ^"  And  she  "spake  unto  him  according  to  these  words, 
saying,  "  The  Hebrew  servant,  which  thou  hast  brought  unto  us,  came 
in  unto  me  to  mock  me.  ^*  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  I  lifted  up  my  voice 
and  cried,  that  he  left  his  garment  with  me,  and  fled  out."  ^^  And  it 
came  to  pass,  when  his  master  heard  the  words  of  his  wife,  which  she 
spake  unto  him,  saying,  "  After  this  manner  did  thy  servant  to  me,"  tiiat 

/Pr. 6. 34, 35.      his -^wrath  was  kindled.  -''And  Joseph's  master  took  him,  and   'put 

^/pe.Ti9^'  h™  '"to  the  prison,  a  place  where  tlie  king's  prisoners  were  bound  ; 
and  he  was  there  in  the  prison. 

^kindnelfZf^         ^^  ^"t  the  LoRD  was  with  Joseph,""  and  fshowed   hhn  mercy,  and 
*'"'•  ''gave  him  favor  in  the  sight  of  the  keeper  of  the  prison.  --  And  the 

*3^&  ^2^36*'ps!'  keeper  of  the  prison  committed  to  Joseph's  hand  all  the  prisoners  that 

l%l^'u9.Ac.   ^^*3re  in  the  prison;  and  whatsoever  they  did   there,  he  was   the  doer 

7.9,10.  of  it.  -^  The  keeper  of  the  prison  looked   not  to  anything  that  was 

under  his  hand  ;  because  the  Lord  was  with  hiin,  and  that  which  he 

did,  the  Lord  made  it  to  prosper. 

A.M. 2287.  1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  'the  butler  of      Gkn.  xl. 

iNe.Kii.         the  king  of  Egypt  and  his  baker  had  offended  their  lord  the 

jPr.  16. 14.  king  of  Egypt.  ~  And  Pharaoh  -'Was  wroth  against  two  of  his  officers, 
against  the  chief  of  the  butlers,  and  against  the  chief  of  the  bakers. 
^  And  he  put  them  in  ward  in  the  house  of  the  captain  of  the  guard, 
into  the  prison,  the  place  where  Joseph  was  bound.  ''  And  the  captain 
of  the  guard  charged  Joseph  with  them,  and  lie  served  them  ;  and 
they  continued  a  season  in  ward. 

^  And  they  dreamed  a  dream  both  of  them,  each  man  his  dream  in 
one  night,  each  man  according  to  the  interpretation  of  his  dream,  the 

(")  It  will  be  observed  tliat  Joscpli  obtains  the  cruelty.     Josepli  therefore  became  the  head  of  the 

blessing  by  his  virtue,  which   liis  elder  brothers,  family  as  the  elder  son  of  Rachel.     Such  was  the 

Judah  and  Reuben,  lost  by  the  opposite  vice.     Reu-  manner  in  which  moral  lessons  were  enforced  upon 

ben  and  Judah  were   deprived   of  the  blessing   by  the  Jews. — Vide  l.ightfoot  in  loc. 
their   incontinence;    Simeon   and   Levi   by   th-ir 


Part  v.]  elevation  OF  JOSEPH.  115 

butler  and  the  baker  of  the  king  of  Egypt,  which  were   bound  in  the 

prison.  *^  And  Joseph  came  in  unto  them  in  the  morning,  and  looked 

upon   them,  and,  behold,  they   were  sad.  ''And   he   asked  Pharaoh's 

officers  that  were  with  him  in  the  ward   of  his  lord's  house,  saying, 

/™«i'''-'Ne'!    "  Wherefore  tlook  ye  so  sadly  to-day?"  ^And  they  said   unto  him, 

2.%".  '    u  yi^Q  'have  dreamed  a  dream,  and  there  is  no  interpreter  of  it."  And 

!£e'Ge*4i.'i6.    Joscph  Said  unto  them,  "Do  'not  interpretations  belong  to  God?  tell 

me  them,  I  pray  you." 

9  And  the  chief  butler   told  his  dream  to   Joseph,  and  said   to  him, 

"  In  my  dream,  behold  a  vine  was  before  me,  ^'^  and  in  the  vine  were 

three  branches  ;  and  it  was  as  though  it  budded,  and  her  blossoms 

shot  forth,  and  the  clusters  thereof  brought  forth  ripe  grapes.  ^^  And 

Pharaoh's  cup  was  in  my  hand ;  and  I  took  the  grapes,  and   pressed 

them  into  Pharaoh's  cup,  and  I  gave  the  cup  into  Pharaoh's  hand." 

"jJ^'vAVK.  ^~  And  Joseph  said  unto  him,  "  This  '"is  the  interpretation  of  it :— The 

36.  jfc  4. 19.        |.|-jj.gg  branches  "are  three  days.  ^"^  Yet  within  three  days  shall  Pharaoh 

*or^!!to."2Ki.  *Iift  up  thy  head,  and  restore  thee  unto  thy  place;  and  thou  shalt 

25. '^7.  Ps.  3. 3.    jjejiver  Pharaoh's  cup  into  his  hand,  after  the  former  manner  when 

t  HebTrmemfter  thou  wast  his  butlcr.  !'»  But  fthiuk  on  me  when  it  shall  be  well  with 

%\t!\tZio!'  thee,  and  show  kindness,  I  pray  thee,  unto  me,  and  make  mention  of 

|4^i%2Sa^9. 1.  jj^g  ^j-j^Q  Pharaoh,  and  bring  me  out  of  this  house.  ^^  For  indeed  I 

23.42.'  '  vvas  stolen  away  out  of  the  land  of  the  Hebrews  ;  and  here  also  have 

I  done  nothing  that  they  should  put  me  into  the  dungeon." 

1^  When  the  chief  baker  saw  that  the  interpretation  was  good,  he 
said  unto  Joseph,  "  I  also  was  in  my  dream,  and,  behold,  I  had  three 
iot.fuii  of  holes.  :tvvhite  baskets  on  my  head.  ^■'' And  in  the  uppermost  basket  there  was 
*Heb.meajo/  ^f  q\\  manner  of  *bakemeats  for  Pharaoh  ;  and  the  birds  did  eat  them 
woTofabaker,  out  of  thc  baskct  upou  my  head."  ^^  And  Joseph  answered  and  said, 
or, cook.  ufhis  is  the  interpretation  thereof: — The  three  baskets    are    three 

^  Or  reckon  thee    (Jays"  ^^  vet  within  thrcc  days  shall  Pharaoh   tlift  up  thy  head  from 

and  take  thy  of-   ""•/      'J  •'  iii-iiii  i 

jicefrom  thee.      off  thcc,  and  shall  hang  thee  on   a  tree,  and   the  birds  shall   eat  thy 

flesh  from  oflf  thee." 

o  Mat.  14.6.  20  ^„(j  [^  ^amo  to  pass  the  third  day,  which  Avas  Pharaoh's  "birthday, 

tor,reckoned.      that  hc  made  a  feast  unto  all  his  servants  ;  and  he  tlifted  up  the  head 

Mat.  25. 19.       ^^  ^^^  ^l^jg|-  butler  and  of  the  chief  baker  among  his  servants.  ^^  And 

yNe.2.  1.  j^g  restored  the  chief  butler  unto  his  butlership  again  ;  and  ''he  gave 

the  cup  into  Pharaoh's   hand.  ^^  But  he  hanged  the  chief  baker;  as 

12?  Ec.'g.    Joseph  had  interpreted  to  them.  ^^  Yet  did  not  the  chief  butler  remem- 

*"'  ber  Joseph,  but  'forgat  him  ! 

SECT.  IV.  Section  IV. —  TJie  Death  of  Isaac. 

Gen.  XXXV.  28,  29. 

^^And  the  days  of  Isaac  were  an  hundred  and  fourscore  years. 
2^  And  Isaac  gave  up  the  ghost,  and  died,  and  was  gathered  unto  his 
people,  being  old  and  full   of  days ;  and   his   sons  Esau   and  Jacob 

buried  him. 

Section  V. — Elevation  of  Joseph. 
Gen.  xli.  1-45. 

A.  M.  2289.       Pharaoh's  two  dreams.    25  Joseph  interpreteth  them.     33  He  giveth  Pharaoh  counsel.     38  Joseph  is 

B.  C.  1715.  advanced,  45  and  marries. 

Hales,  1872.  1  ^^jy  y^  camc  to  pass  at  the  end  of  two  full  years,  that  Pharaoh 
dreamed;  and,  behold,  he  stood  by  the  river.  ^And,  behold,  there, 
came  up  out  of  the  river  seven  well-favored  kine  and  fat-fleshed  ;  and 
they  fed  in  a  meadow.  ^And,  behold,  seven  other  kine  came  up  after 
them  out  of  the  river,  ill-favored  and  lean-fleshed  ;  and  stood  by  the 
other  kine  upon  the  brink  of  the  river.  '  And  the  ill-favored  and  lean- 
fleshed  kine  did  eat  up  the  seven  well-favored  and  fat  kine.  So  Pha- 
raoh awoke. 


q  Job  19.  14.  Ps 
31  '"  "  " 
15,  1(3 


A.   M.  2288 

B.  C.  1716. 

Hales,  1899 

Canaan. 


SECT.   V. 


Egypt. 


116  ELEVATION  OF  JOSEPH.  [Period  II. 

^And  he  slept  and   dreamed  the  second  time,  and,  behold,  seven 

•  neb. /2/.         ears  of  corn  came  up  upon  one  stalk,  *rank  and  good.  ^And,  behold, 

seven  thin  ears  and  blasted  with  the  east  wind  sprung  up  after  them. 

'  And   the  seven   thin  cars  devoured  the   seven  rank   and  full  ears. 

And  Pharaoh  awoke,  and,  behold,  it  was  a  dream  ! 

«Da.2. 1.&4.5,       8  ^^,jj  j^  cauic  to  pass  in  the  morning  "that  his  spirit  was  troubled  ; 

jEx.  7. 11,22.     and  he  sent  and  called  for  all  ''the   magicians  of  Egypt,  and   all   the 

^■. &'2!^2.^"4."  "^^ise  men  thereof;  and  Pharaoh  told  them  his  dreams,  but  there  was 

7.  Matt.  2.1.      none  that  could  interpret  them  unto  Pharaoh. 

^  Then  spake  the  chief  butler  unto  Pharaoh,  saying,  ''  I  do  remem- 

cGe.40. 2,3.       bcr  my  faults  this  day.  ^"Pharaoh   %vas   wroth  with  his  servants,  and 

put  me  in  ward  in  the  captain  of  the  guard's  house,  both  me  and  the 

dGe.  40. 5.         chief  baker.  ^^  And  ''we  dreamed  a  dream  in  one  night,  I  and  he  ;  we 

dreamed  each  man  according  to  the  interpretation  of  his  dream.  ^~  And 

eGe.  37. 36.        thcrc  was  there   with  us  a  young  man,  a  Hebrew,  'servant  to  the  cap- 

/Ge.  40.  i2,&c.   tain  of  the  guard;  and  we   told  him,   and  -^he  interpreted  to   us  our 

dreams;  to  each  man  according  to  his  dream  he  did  interpret.  ^^  And 

5^06.40.22.       it  came  to  pass,  ^as  he  interpreted  to  us,  so  it  was  ;  me  he  restored 

unto  mine  office,  and  him  he  hanged." 
^Heb'^L^'him  ^^ Then  '"Pharaoh  sent  and  called  Joseph,  and  they  tbrought  him 
run.  'i^.  2.  a  hastily  out  of  the  dungeon  ;  and  he  shaved  himself,  and  changed  his 
2.^25.  ■  '  ■  ^'  raiment,  and  came  in  unto  Pharaoh.  ^^  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph, 
'■'  I  have  dreamed  a  dream,  and  there  is  none  tiiat  can  interpret  it ; 
^i^'i?'  ^'^'  °^'  '^^^  I  '^^"^^  heard  say  of  thee,  that  tthou  canst  understand  a  dream  to 
tor, when viou     Interpret  it." 

muTanfiTt^-        ^^  And  Joseph  answered  Pharaoh,  saying,  "  It  ^is  not  in  me  ;   '"God 
pretit.  shall  give  Pharaoh  an  answer  of  peace." 

•'3"'i2^2^co^3.'5.       ^^  And  Pharaoh  said  unto   Joseph,  "  In  my  dream,  behold,  I  stood 
tGe. 40.8.  Da.   upon  the  bank  of  the  river;   ^"^and,  behold,  there  came  up  out  of  the 

2.  22  28  47   &.  . 

4.2.'    '    ■      river  seven  kine,  fat-fleshed  and  well-favored  ;  and  they  fed  in  a  meadow. 

^^And  behold,  seven  other   kine  came  up  after  them,  poor  and  very 

ill-favored  and  lean-fleshed,  such  as  I  never  saw   in  all  the  land   of 

Egypt  for  badness.  ^°  And  the  lean  and  the  ill-favored  kine  did  eat  up 

*Heh.  come  to  ae  ^^g  flfg^   scvcu  fat  kiuc  ;  ~^  and  when   they  had  *eaten   them   up,   it 

tTiWdrd  parts  ot  '  "^  * 

them.  could  not  be  known  that   they  had  eaten  them  ;  but  they  were  still 

ill-favored   as  at   the    beginning.     So   I  awoke.  —  And  I  saw  in  my 
dream,  and,  behold,  seven  ears  came  up  in  one  stalk,  full   and   good  ; 

^  Or, smdi.  ^■^a.nd.,  behold,  seven  ears,  twithered,  thin,  and  blasted  with  the  east 
wind,  sprung  up  after  them.  -^  And  the  thin  ears  devoured  the  seven 

iDa.  4. 7.  good  ears  :   'and  I  told  this  unto  the   magicians,  but   there   was  none 

that  could  declare  it  to  me." 

^^  And  Joseph  said  unto  Pharaoh,  '•  The  dream  of  Pharaoh  is  one  ; 

"45!  Re;f  i.'^'  "Grod  hath  showed  Pharaoh  what  he  is  about  to  do.  -''  The  seven  good 
kine  are  seven  years  ;  and  the  seven  good  ears  are  seven  years  :  the 
dream  is  one.  ^^  And  the  seven  thin  and  ill-favored  kine  that  came  up 
after  them  are  seven  years  ;  and  the  seven  empty  ears  blasted  with  the 

»i2Ki.8. 1.  gjjgj  ^^.jjjfj  j,j,j^ij  i^g  "seven  years  of  famine.  -*  This  is  the  thing  which 
I  have  spoken  unto  Pharaoh :  what  God  is  about  to  do  he  showeth 
unto  Pharaoh.  ^^  Behold,  there  come  seven  years  of  great  plenty 
throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^^  And  there  shall  arise  after  them 
seven  years  of  famine,  and   all   the  plenty  shall  be    forgotten   in  the 

oGo.  47. 13.  land  of  Egypt;  and  "the  famine  shall  consume  the  land, -'^  and  the 
plenty  shall  not  be  known  in  the  land  by  reason  of  that  famine  follow- 

X  Heb.  heavy.       i,^g  .   f^^^  it   sliall   be   vcrv  tgricvous.  ^'^  And   for   that   the  dream    was 

*o^,7Tr23^i9^  ^'^^'^^'^^^  ""^'^  ^''^''^'^''  ^^^'^^  "^  ''-   '^   because    the  thing   is  *established 

isMb.'/o,  if.   '  by  God.  and  God  will  shortly  bring  it   to   pass.  ^^  Now  therefore   let 

Pharaoh  look  out  a  man  discreet  and  wise,  and  set  him  over  the   land 


Part  V.]  THE  FAMINE  IN  EGYPT.  117 

^F^!h"T8'"'^^'  of  Egypt.  •"  Let  Pliaraoh  do  this,  and  let  him  appoint  tofficers  over 
I  ueh.be  not  cut  the  land,  and  take  up  the  fifth  part  of  the  land  of  Egypt  in  the  seven 
off.  Ge.  47.  15,  plenteous  years.  ^^And  let  them  gather  all  the  food  of  those  good 
p  Ps.  105. 19.  years  that  come,  and  lay  up  corn  under  the  hand  of  Pharaoh,  and  let 
A<  ts  7. 10.  them  keep  food  in  the  cities.  ^^  And  that  food  shall  be  for  store  to  the 
*32."8.~  Pr.'b.  °6.  land  against  the  seven  years  of  famine,  which  shall  be  in  the  land  of 
Da.^4.^8,  18.  &  Egypt ;  that  the  land  Iperish  not  through  the  itimine." 
r  Ps.  105.  21,  22.  ^^  And  ^'tho  thing  was  good  in  the  eyes  of  Pharaoh,  and  in  the  eyes 
*  Heb.  be  armed,  ^f  all  his  servauts.  ^^  Aud  Pharaoh  said  unto  his  servants,  "  Can  we 
or,  kiss.  fij^d  such  a  one  as  this  is,  a  man  'in  whom  the  Spirit  of  God  is  ?  "  ^'^  And 

tEsTs.  10.&  8.  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph,  "Forasmuch  as  God  hath  showed  thee  all 
2' f •  this,  there  is  none  so  discreet  and  wise  as  thou  art.  '^^ Thou  'shall  be 

t  Or,  s(7/.;.   Dan.  ovcr  my  housc,  and  according  unto  thy  word  shall  all   my  people  *be 
5.7,29.  ruled;  only  in  the  throne  will  I  be  greater  than  thou."  ^^  And  Pharaoh 

J  Or,  Tender  fa-  Said  uuto  Joscph,  "  Scc  !  I  havc  "sct  thcc  over  all  the  land  of  Egypt." 
Heb.  Mrett  ^'  ^^  ^^^^  Pharaoh  'took  otf  his  ring  from  his  hand,  and  put  it  upon  Joseph's 
hand,  and  "arrayed  him  in  vestures  of  tfine  linen,  and  put  a  gold  chain 
about  his  neck  ;  ^^  and  he  made  him  to  ride  in  the  second  chariot  which 
*Co^ti'^\i"nifi*if,  ^^  ^^^  5  °^"^  they  cried  before  him,  "  tBow  the  knee  !  "  and  he  made  him 
frets^'^o^  "^ The  ^"^^^  "ovcr  all  thc  land  of  Egypt.  '*'*  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph,  "  I 
man  to  whom  se-  am  Pharaoh,  and  without  thee  shall  no  man  lift  up  his  hand  or  foot  in 
^'^or,''pri7eelVeT.  ^H  thc  land  of  Egypt."  ^^  And  Pharaoh  called  Joseph's  name  *Zaphnath- 
s'sa^s'il'  &'->o  paaneah ;  and  he  gave  him  to  wife  Asenath  the  daughter  of  Poti- 
26.  pherah  tpriest  of  On.     And  Joseph  went  out  over  all  the  land  of  Egypt. 


A.  M.  ab 

B.  C.  ab.  1715, 


Section     VI. —  Tlie  Famine  in  Egypt,  and  first  Journey  of  the  Brothers  of 
Joseph  to  buy  Corn. 
Gen.  xli.  46,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  xlii. 
T.  1707.  Joseph  collects  all  the  corn  in  the  seven  plenteous  years.    50  He  begetteth  Manasseh  and  Ephraim. 

54  The  famine  beginneth.  —  Chap.  xlii.  1  Jacob  sendeth  his   ten  sons  to  buy  corn  in  Egypt.     16 
j,^  They  are  imprisoned  by  Joseph  for  spies.     18  They  are  set  at  liberty,  on  condition  to  bi-ing  Ben- 

°^^  "  jamin.     IX  TJiey  have  remorse  for  Joseph.    '2.^  Simeon  is  kept  for  a  pledge.    25  They  returnioith 

corn,  and  their  ?tioney.     29  Their  relation  to  Jacob.     36  Jacob  refuseth  to  send  Beiijamin. 

2 1  sa.  16.  21.  ^^  And  Joseph  was  thirty  years  old  when  he  "stood  before  Pharaoh 

6,^'.' Pr .^21^29!  king  of  Egypt.  And  Joseph  went  out  from  the  presence  of  Pharaoh, 
Du.  1.5, 19.  a^jjfj  ^gjjt  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^"  And  in  the  seven  plen- 
teous years  the  earth  brought  forth  by  handfuls.  '^^  And  he  gathered  up 
all  the  food  of  the  seven  years,  which  were  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and 
laid  up  the  food  in  the  cities ;  the  food  in  the  field,  which  was  round 
about  every  city,  laid  he  up  in  the  same.  ""^  And  Joseph  gathered  corn 
''as  the  sand  of  the  sea,  very  much,  until  he  left  numbering  ;  for  it  was 


b  Ge.  22.  17.   Ju. 
7.  12.    1  Sa.  13. 

5.  Ps.  78. 27.      without  uumber. 

c  Ge. 

48.  5, 


Ge.  46.  20.  &       50  ^j^fj  ""uuto  Joscph  wcrc  bom  two  sons  before  the  years  of  famine 

*  Or, priitce,  ver.  camc,  which  Asenath  the  daughter  of  Poti-pherah  Spriest  of  On  bare 
B  c    b  ri-->     ^"^*^  '^™"  ^'  ^"^  Joseph  called  the  name  of  the  firstborn  f Manasseh  ; 

t  That  is, /or/et-   ''' For  God,"  Said  he,  "  hath  made  me  forget  all   my  toil,  and  all  my 

b"c  ab  1711    father's  house."  ^^  And  the  name  of  the  second  called  he  tEphraim  ; 

t  That  h,  fruit-  "  For  God  hath  caused  me  to  be  "^fruitful  in  the  land  of  my  afiliction." 

dG    49  •>!  ^^  "^"^  *^''®  seven  years  of  plenteousness  that  was  in  the  land  of  Egypt 

B.C.  1708.      were  ended.  ^'*  And  "the  seven  years  of  dearth  began  to  come,  accord- 

e  Pa.  105.  16.      ing  as  Joseph  had  said  ;  and  the  dearth  was  in  all  lands,  but  in  all  the 

land  of  Egypt  there  was  bread.  ^^'  And  when  all  the  land  of  Egypt  was 

famished,  the  people  cried  to  Pharaoh  for  bread;  and  Pharaoh  said  unto 

all  the  Egyptians,  "  Go  unto  Joseph,  what  he  saith  to  you,  do."  ^^  And 

*  Heb.  all  where-  i\^q  fa.'iiine  was  ovcr  all  the  face  of  the  earth  ;  and  Joseph  opened    all  the 

271  was.    Ge.  47.  "  *  * 

14,24.  storehouses,  and  sold  unto  the  Egyptians;  and  the  famine  waxed  sore 

/De.  9. 28.         ij^  thg  land  of  Egypt.  ^^  And  -^all  countries  came  into  Egypt  to  Joseph 
for  to  buy  corn  ;  because  that  t!ie  famine  was  so  sore  in  all  lands. 


118  THE  FAMINE  IN  EGYPT.  [Period  II 

g  Ac.  7. 12.  1  p^Tq^  when  'Jacob  saw  that  there  was   corn   in  Egypt,    Gen.  xlii. 

Jacob  said  unto   his    sons,   "  Why   do    ye   look   one  upon 
aaother  ?  "  ^  And  he  said,  "  Behold,  I  have  heard   that   there  is  corn 
in   Egypt ;  get   you  down  thither,  and  buy  for  us  from  thence,  that 

Mi'^'n'  Is  38'  ^^  ''may  live,  and  not  die." 

1-  '  ^And  Joseph's  ten  brethren  went  down  to  buy  corn  in  Egypt.  ^But 

Benjamin,  Joseph's  brother,  Jacob  sent  not  with  his  brethren ;  for  he 
said,  '•  Lest  peradventure  mischief  befall  him."  ^  And  the  sons  of  Israel 

i  Acts  7. 11.  came  to  buy  corn  among  those  that  came  ;  for  the  famine  was  'in  the 
land  of  Canaan.  ^  And  Joseph  was  the  governor  over  the  land,  and  he 
it  was  that  sold  to  all  the  people  of  the  land  ;  and  Joseph's  brethren 

j  Ge.  37. 7.  came,  and  ^bowed  down  themselves  before  him  with  their  faces  to  the 
earth.  '^  And  Joseph   saw  his  brethren,  and  he  knew  them,  but  made 

^neh.iiard things  himsclf  straugc  unto  them,  and  spake  troughly  unto  them:  and  he 
said  unto  them,  "  Whence  come  ye  ?  "  And  they  said,  "  From  the  land 
of  Canaan  to  buy  food."  ^And  Joseph  knew  his  brethren,  but  they 

A:Ge.37.5,9.  kucw  not  him.  '^And  Joseph  ^remembered  the  dreams  which  he 
dreamed  of  them,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Ye  are  spies  !  to  see  the 
nakedness  of  the  land  ye  are  come."  ^'^  And  they  said  unto  him, 
"  Nay,  my  lord,  but  to  buy  food  are  thy  servants  come.  ^^  We  are 
all  one  man's  sons ;  we  are  true  men,  thy  servants  are  no  spies." 
^^And  he  said  unto  them,  "Nay,  but  to  see  the  nakedness  of  the 
land  ye  are  come."  ^^  And  they  said,  "  Thy  servants  are  twelve  breth- 
ren, the  sons  of  one  man  in  the  land  of  Canaan  ;  and,  behold,  the 

I  Ge.  37.  30.  &  youugest  is  this  day  with  our  father,  and  one  'is  not."  ^'*  And  Joseph 

44.  -20.  La.  5. 7.  ^^.^  ^^^^^^  thciii,  "  That  is  it  that  I  spake  unto  you,  saying, '  Ye  are  spies  :' 

'26^&i7.55.'jud.  ^^  hereby  ye  shall  be  proved.  '"By  the  life  of  Pharaoh  ye  shall  not  go 
11.7.  forth  hence,  except  your  youngest  brother  come  hither!   ^"^  Send  one 

t  Heb.  bound.  q{  you,  and  let  him  fetch  your  brother,  and  ye  shall  be  tkept  in  prison, 
that  your  words  may  be  proved,  whether  there  be  any  truth  in  you ; 

*  Heh.  gatfiered.  or  clsc  by  the  life  of  Pharaoh  surely  ye  are  spies."  I'^And  he  *put 
them  all  together  into  ward  three  days.  ^^And  Joseph  said  unto  them 

»^Lev.^25.  43.  the  third  day,  "This  do,  and  live;  "for  I  fear  God.  ^^If  ye  be  true 
men,  let  one  of  your  brethren  be  bound  in  the  house  of  your  prison : 

OgGe.  43.5.&44.  go  ye,  carry  corn  for  the   famine  of  your  houses;  ^^^  but  "bring  your 

a  i.e.  they  allow-  youugest  brothcr  unto  me,  so  shall  your  words  be  verified,  and  ye  shall 
^iTer  V'Z  not  die."     And  they  did  so.^ 
hound—Ed.  21  ^,-,(1  ti^ey  gaid  one  to  another,  "  We  ^are  verily  guilty  concerning 

^Hos.  5. 15.'    '    our  brother,  in  that  we  saw  the  anguish  of  his  soul,  when  he  besought 

g  Pr.21.13.  Mat.  US,  and  wc  would  uot  hear ;  'therefore  is  this  distress  come  upon  us." 

r^Ge  37  21  ^^  ^^^  Rcubcn  auswcrcd  them,  saying,  "  Spake  T  not  unto  you,  saying, 
'Do  not  sin  against  the  child  ; '  and  ye  would  not  hear  ?  therefore, 

jGe.9. 5.  1  Ki.  behold,  also  his  blood  is  "required."  ^^And  they  knew  not  that  Joseph 
22.^ F3.  9.  12.  ■  understood  them  ;  for  the  spake  unto  them  by  an  interpreter.  -■*  And 

UM>  ^aa'uur-  '^*^  tumcd  hiinsclf  about  from  them,  and  wept ;  and  returned  to  them 
pretei-  was  be-    again,  and  communed  with  them,  and  took  from  them  Simeon,  and 
bound  liim  beiore  their  eyes. 

^^Then  Joseph  commanded  to  fill   their  sacks   with   corn,  and  to 
restore  every  man's  money  into  his  sack,  and  to  give  them  provision 

^ ^j^\y%o\i^°'  ^^^'  ^'^^  ^'^y=  '^"^  thus  did  he  unto  them,  ^e  And  they  laded  their  asses 

ttSeoGe.k'ai.  with  the  corn  and  departed  thence.  ^^And  "as  one  of  them  opened 
his  sack  to  give  his  ass  provender  in  the  inn,  he  espied  his  money  ;  for, 
behold,  it  was  in  his  sack's  mouth!  ~^  And  he  said  unto  his  brethren, 
"  My  money  is  restored  ;  and,  lo,  it  is  even  in  my  sack  !  "  And  their 

t  Hei).  went  forth,  heart  tfailed  them,  and  they  were  afraid,  saying  one  to  another,  "  What 
is  this  that  God  liath  done  unto  us  ?  " 

2"  And  they  came  unto  Jacob  their  Hither  unto  the  land  of  Canaan, 


IartV.]        JOSEPH  maketh  himself  known  to  his  brethren.      ii» 

and  told  him  all  that  befell  unto  them  ;  saying,  ^°  "  The  man,  who  is 

*  Heb.  wuh  us     ti^g  |^„.(j  of  the  land,  spake  *roughly  to  us,  and  took  us  for  spies  of  the 

hard  tiuugs.       ^Qjjj^^j.^^  31  ^j^jj  ^6  Said  unto  him,  '  We  are   true  men  ;  we  are  no 

spies :  ^-  we  be  twelve  brethren,  sons  of  our  father ;  one  is  not,  and 

the    youngest    is    this  day  with  our  father  in  the  land  of   Canaan.' 

33  And  the  man,  the  lord  of  the  country,  said  unto  us,  '  Hereby  shall  I 

know  that  ye  are  true  men  ;  leave  one  of  your  brethren  here  with  me, 

and  take  food  for  the  famine  of  your  households,  and  be  gone.  ^^  And 

brino-  your  youngest  brother  unto  me  ;  then  shall  1  know  that  ye  are 

no  spies,  but  that  ye  are  true  men :  so  will  I  deliver  you  your  brother, 

V  Ge.  34. 10.        and  ye  shall  "traffick  in  the  land.'  " 

3^  And  it  came  to  pass  as  they  emptied  their   sacks,  that,  behold, 

w  See  Ge.  43.21.  "'everv  mau's  bundle  of  money  was   in  his  sack!  and  when  both  they 

and  their  father  saw  the  bundles  of  money,  they  were   afraid,  ^e  And 

xGe.43.14.        Jacob   their   father   said   unto  them,  "  Me   have  ye  "bereaved  of  my 

children  :  Joseph  is  not,  and  Simeon  is  not,  and  ye  will  take  Benjamni 

away :  all  these  things  are  against  me ! "  ^''  And  Reuben  spake  unto 

his  father,  saying,  '•  Slay  my   two  sons,  if  I  bring  him   not  to  thee  ; 

deliver  him  into  my  hand,  and  I  will  bring  him  to  thee  again."  ^8  And 

y  Ge.  37.  33.  &  j^g  gaij,  "  My  SOU  shall  not  go  down  with  you,  for  ^his  brother  is  dead, 

^V^7. 35  &  and  he  is  left  alone ;  ''if  mischief  befall  him  by  the  way  in  the  which  ye 

44. -29, 31.  ^[jgj^  gl^j^ll  yg  |3,.ij^g  jo^„  niy  gray  hairs  with  sorrow  to  the  grave. 


C.  170 


a  Ge.  41.  54,  57. 


Section    Yll.— Second  Descent  of  the  Brethren  of  Joseph  into  Egypt— He 
T.  VII.  maketh  himself  known  to  them. 

M.  -2298.  Gen.  xliii.,  xliv.,  and  xlv. 

Jacob  is  hardly  persnaded  to  send  Benjamin.  15  Joseph  erUertaineth  Ms  brethren  ^IH^M 
them  a  feast  —  Chap  xliv.  1  His  policy  to  stay  his  brethren.  14  Jndah  s  humble  supplication  to 
tepl-^-CM^p.W  I  Joseph  maketh  fnmselfino,cn  to  his  brethren.  5  He  comforteth  them  rn 
Sols  providence.  9  He  sendeth  for  his  father.  16  Pharaoh  conjirmeth  U.  21  Joseph  furnrsh- 
eth  them  for  their  journey,  and  exhorteth  them  to  concord.     25  Jacob  is  revived  with  the  news. 

1  And  the  famine  was  ''sore  in  the  land.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 

they  had   eaten  up  the   corn  which   they  had  brought  out   of  Egypt, 

their  father  said  unto  them,  "  Go  again,  buy  us  a  little  food." 

*  Heb.  protesting       3  /^j^j   Judah   spakc   uuto  him,  saying,  "  The   man    *did   solemnly 

/Gelo^o        protest  unto  us,  saying,  '  Ye  shall  not  see  my  face,  except  your  ^brother 

be  with  you.'  ^  If  thou  wilt  send  our  brother  with  us,  we  will  go  down 

and  buy  thee  food  :  ^  but  if  thou  wilt  not  send  him,  we  will   not  go 

down  :  ■  for  the  man  said  unto  us,  '  Ye  shall  not  see  my   face,  except 

your  brother  be  with  vou.'  "  '>  And  Israel  said,  "  Wherefore  dealt   ye 

so  ill  with  me,  as  to  tell  the  man  whether  ye  had   yet  a  brother  i 

t  Heb.  asking      7  ^j-j^j  they  Said,  "  The  man  tasked  us  straitly  of  our  state,  and  of  our 

""""''"■  kindred,  saying,  '  Is  your  father  yet  alive  ?  have  ye  another  brother? ' 

X  ueh.moiah.      and  we  told  him  according  to  the  ttenor  of  these  words:   "=  could  we 

certainly  know  that  he  would  say,  Bring  your  brother  down?  "  ^  And 

Judah  said  unto  Israel  his  father,  "  Send  tiie  lad  with  me,  and  we  will 

arise  and  go ;  that  we  mav  live,  and  not  die,  both  we,  and   thou,  and 

also  our  little  ones.  « I  will  be  surety  for   him,  of  my  hand  shalt  thou 

c  Phiiem.  18, 19.  rcQuire  him  ;   "^if  I  bring  him  not  unto  thee,  and  set  him  before  thee, 

then  let  me  bear  the  blame  for  ever:  ^^  for  except  we  had  hngered, 

tor,ti.icebyt!^.  surcly  HOW  wc  had  returned  tthis  second  time."  ^^  And  their  fatxicr 

Israel  said  unto  them,  "  If  it  must  be  so  now,  do  this ;  take  of  the 

d  See  Ge.  3?.  20.  ^gst  fruits  iu  thc  land  in  your  vessels,  and  -^carry  down  the   man  a 

foeHi^Ls..    present,  a  little  ^alm,  and  a  little  honey,  spices,  and  myrrh,  nuts,  and 

^•■^^-  almonds.  ^^  And  take  double   money   in  your  hand ;  and   the   money 

/Ge.  42. 25, 35.    /t^at  was  brought  again  in  the  mouth  of  your  sacks,  carry  it  again  in 

your  hand  ;  peradventure  it  was  an  oversight.  '^  Take  also  your  brother, 

and   arise,  go   again   unto   the  man;  ^^ and  God   Almighty  give  you 


Heb.  knowing 
could  we  know  ? 


120  JOSEPH  MAKETH  HIMSELF  KNOWN  TO  HIS  BRETHREN.     [Period  II. 

mercy  before  the  man,  that  he  may   send   away  your  other  brother, 

^^l'e'b!rJ's-t^    ^^'^  Benjamin  :   tif  I  be  bereaved  of  my  children,  I  am  bereaved  !  " 

Est.  4. 16.  15  ^,^^1  i^j^g  jj^g,-,  ^Q,^]^  ^jjg^^  present,  and  they  took   double  money  in 

their  hand,  and  Benjamin  ;  and  rose   up,  and  went   down  to  Egypt, 

and   stood   before   Joseph.  ^^  And   when  Joseph  saw  Benjamin   with 

^seeGe.  24. 2.    ^ijgfn^  \^q  g^[f{  to  ^thc  ruler  of  his  house,  '•  Bring  these  men  home,  and 

*  Heh.  hill  a  kiu-  *slay,  and  make  ready;  for  these  men  shall  tdine  with  me  at  noon." 
nf'    "*■    ■     ^"^  And  the  man  did  as  Joseph  bade  ;  and  the  man  brought  the   men 

t  Heb.  eat.  into  Joseph's  house.  ^^  And  the  men  were  afraid,  because   they  were 

brought  into  Joseph's  house  ;  and  they  said,  "  Because  of  the  money 
that  was  returned  in  our  sacks  at   the  first  time  are  we  brought  in  ; 

t  Heb.  roll  himself  ^j^^t  hc  may  tscck  occasion  against  us,  and  fall  upon  us,  and  take  us 

upon  us,  Job  30.  •'  ,      i  n    •  i 

14.  lor  bondmen,  and  our  asses,     i^  And  they  came  near  to  the  steward 

of  Joseph's  house,  and  they  communed  with  him  at  the  door  of  the 

*  Heb.  comivg      housc,  "''and  said,  '•  O  sir !  *we  came  indeed  down  at  the  first  time 

down  we  came  t  r        i       oi    a        i    h-  i  i  ■  i 

down.Ge.  42.3,  to  buy  tood.  ~'  And  It  came  to  pass,  when  we  came  to  the  mn,  that 
,  /  .^  o-  o-  we  opened  our  sacks,  and,  behold,  every  man's  money  was  in  the  mouth 
oi  his  sack,  our  money  in  lull  weight  !  and  we  have  brouglit  it  again 
in  our  hand.  ~~  And  other  money  have  we  brought  down  in  our 
hands  to  buy  food :  we  cannot  tell  who  put  our  money  in  our 
sacks."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Peace  be  to  you,  fear  not !  your  God,  and 
\ Heb. your moni-y  jj^g  Qq^j  ^f  yQ^j.  father,  hath  ffivcu  you  treasure  in  your  sacks  :  tl  had 
your  money."  And  he  brought  Simeon  out  unto  them.  ~^  And  the 
Ge.  18. 4.  &24.  man  brought  the  men  into  Joseph's  house,  and  'gave  them  water,  and 
they  washed  their  feet ;  and  he  gave  their  asses  provender.  ^°  And 
they  made  ready  the  present  against  Joseph  came  at  noon  ;  for  they 
heard  that  they  should  eat  bread  there. 

^^And  when  Joseph  came  home,  they  brought  him  the  present 
jGe.  37. 7, 10.  which  was  in  their  hand  into  the  house,  and  ^bowed  themselves  to 
J  Heb.  peace.  Ge.  him  to  the  carth.  '^''' And  he   asked   them  of  their   Uvelfare,  and  said, 

*  Heb.  u  there  "  *Is  your  father  well,  the  old  man  of  whom  ye  spake?  Is  he  yet 
/S-'?gT42.  alive?"  -^  And  they  answered,  "  Thy  servant  our  father  is  in  good 
11.  '3.  health,  he  is  yet  alive."   *And  they  bowed  down  their  heads,  and  made 

fcGe.37. 7, 10.  obeisancc.  ^^  And  he  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  saw  his  brother  Benjamin, 
'his  mother's  son,  and  said,  "  Is  this  your  younger  brother,  '"of  whom 
ye  spake  unto  me?"  And  he  said,  "God  be  gracious  unto  thee,  my 

niKi.  3.  26.  son  !  "  ^^  And  Joseph  made  haste,  for  "his  bowels  did  yearn  unto  his 
brother  ;  and  he  sought  where  to  weep,  and  he  entered  into  his  cham- 

oGe.  42.24.  ber,  and  "wept  there.  ^^  And  he  washed  his  face,  and  went  out,  and 
refrained  himself,  and  said,  "  Set  on  bread."  ^-  And  they  set  on  for 
him  by  himself,  and  for  them  by  themselves,  and  for  the  Egyptians, 
wiiich  did  eat  with  him,  by  themselves  ;  because  the  Egyptians  might 

p  Go.  4(i.  34.  Ex.  not  eat  bread  with  the  Hebrews,  for  that  is  ^an  abomination  unto  the 
Egyptians.  •'^  And  they  sat  before  him,  the  firstborn  according  to  his 
birthright,  and  the  youngest  according  to  his  youth  ;  and  the  men 
marvelled  one  at  another.  ^^And  he  took  and  sent  messes  unto  them 
from  before  him  ;  but  Benjamin's  mess  was  five  times  so  much  as  any 

^"/w/'^see        ^^  theirs.     And  they  drank,  and  twerc  merry  with  him. 
H^.i.'6.Joim        ^  And  he  commanded  Jthe  steward  of   his  house,  saying.    Gen.  xliv. 


32. 


I  Ge.  35.  17, 
m  Ge.  42.  13, 


was  orcr  his 
hou-ic, 


t  iieb.  wimthat    "  Fill  thc  mcu's  sacks  with  food,  as  much  as  they  can  carry, 

and  put  every  man's  money  in  his  sack's  mouth.  -And  put  my  cup, 
the  .silver  cup,  in  the  sack's  mouth  of  the  youngest,  and  his  corn 
money."  And  he  did  according  to  the  word  that  Joseph  had  spoken. 
^  As  soon  as  the  morning  was  light,  the  men  were  sent  away,  they 
and  their  asses.  ''  And  when  they  were  gone  out  of  the  city,  and  not 
yet  far  off,  Joseph  said  unto  his  steward,  "  Up  !  follow  after  the  men  ; 
and  when  thou  dost  overtake  them,  say  unto  them.  Wherefore  have 


Part  V.]  JOSEPH  MAKETH  HIMSELF  KNOWN  TO  HIS  BRETHREN.        121 

ye  rewarded  evil  for  good  ?  ^  Is  not  this  it  in  which  my  lord  drinketh, 

*ver'T5*^'*'"''''  ^^^  whereby  indeed  he  *divineth  ?  ye  have  done  evil  in  so  doing." 
6  ^j^(j  ]^g  overtook  them,  and  he  spake  unto  them  these  same  words. 
■^  And  they  said  mito  him,  "  Wherefore  saith  my  lord  these  words? 
God  forbid  that  thy  servants  should  do  according  to  this  thing.  ^  Be- 

jGe.  43. 21.  hold,  'the  moucy,  which  we  found  in  our  sacks'  mouths,  we  brought 
again  unto  thee  out  of  the  land  of  Canaan  ;  how  then  should  we 
steal    out    of  thy    lord's    house  silver   or   gold  ?  ^  With   whomsoever 

vGe. 31.3-3.  of  thy  scrvauts  it  be  found,  'both  let  him  die,  and  we  also  will  be  my 
lord's  bondmen."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Now  also  let  it  be  according  unto 
your  words ;  he  with  whom  it  is  found  shall  be  my  servant,  and  ye 
shall  be  blameless."  ^^  Then  they  speedily  took  down  every  man  his 
sack  to  the  ground,  and  opened  every  man  his  sack.  ^^  And  he  searched, 
and   began" at   the  eldest,  and  left  at  the   youngest:  and   the   cup 

^nu.'m."  6.^-2 Iv   was  found  in  Benjamin's  sack.  ^^^  Then  they 'rent   their  clothes,  and 
1-  ^1-  laded  every  man  his  ass,  and  returned  to  the  city. 

^"^  And  Judah  and  his  brethren  came  to  Joseph's  house,  for  he   was 

fGe.37. 7.  yet  there  ;  and 'they  fell  before  him  on   the   ground.  ^^And   Joseph 

said  unto  them,  "  What  deed  is  this  that  ye  have  done  ?  wot   ye  not 

^ot,  make  trial,  that  such  a  man  as  I  can  certainly  tdivine  ?  "  ^"^  And  Judah  said, 
cj  W^hat  shall  we  say  unto  my  lord?  what  shall  we  speak?  or  how 
shall  we  clear  ourselves  ?  God  hath  found  out  the  iniquity  of  thy  ser- 
vants ;  behold,  we  are  my  lord's  servants,  both  we,  and  he  also  with 
whom  the  cup  is  found."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  God  forbid  that  I  should 
do  so  :  but  the  man  in  whose  hand  the  cup  is  found,  he  shall  be  my 
servant ;  and  as  for  you,  get  you  up  in  peace  unto  your  father." 
^^  Then  Judah  came  near   unto  him,  and  said,  "  Oh   my  lord  !  let 

K  Ge.  18. 30, 32.  thy  scrvaut,  I  pray  thee,  speak  a  word  in  my  lord's  ears,  and  "let  not 
thine  anger  burn  against  thy  servant ;  for  thou  art  even  as  Pharaoh. 
^^  My  lord  asked  his  servants,  saying, '  Have  ye  a  father,  or  a  brother  ? ' 

j)Ge.37.3.  20  ^j^^j  ^g  gj^i^j  yj^^o  ^y  \QYf\^  «  \\re  have  a  father,  an  old  man,  and  "a 
child  of  his  old  age,  a  little  one ;  and  his  brother  is  dead,  and  he  alone 
is  left  of  his  mother,  and   his  father   loveth  him.'  ^^  And   thou  saidst 

M  Ge.  42. 15, 20.  uuto  thy  servauts,  '  Bring '"him  dowu  uuto  me,  that  I  may  set  mine 
eyes  upon  him.'  ^~  And  we  said  unto  my  lord,  '  The  lad  cannot  leave 
his  father,  for  if  he  should  leave  his  father,  his  father  would  die.' 
^^  And  thou  saidst  unto  thy  servants,  '  Except  your  youngest  brother 
come  down  with  you,  ye  shall  see  my  face  no  more.'  ^"^  And  it  came  to 
pass  when  we  came  up  unto  thy  servant  my  father,  we  told  him  the 
words  of  my  lord.  ^^  And  our  father  said,  '  Go  again,  and  buy  us  a 
little  food.'  ~^'  And  we  said,  '  We  cannot  go  down :  if  our  youngest 
brother  be  with  us,  then  will  we  go  down  ;  for  we  may  not  see  the 
man's  face,  except  our  youngest  brother  be  with    us.'  -^  And   thy  ser- 

X  Ge.  4(5. 19.        vaut  my  father   said  unto  us,  '  Ye  know  that  ""my  wife   bare  me   two 

y  Ge.  37. 33.        sons  ;  ~^  aud  the  one  went  out  from  me,  and  I  said.  Surely  ^he  is  torn 

1  Ge.  42. 36, 38.  Jq  pieccs  :  and  I  saw  him  not  since.  ~'^  And  if  ye  'take  this  also  from 
me,  and  mischief  befall  him,  he  shall  bring  down  my  gray  hairs  with 
sorrow  to  the  grave.  ^'^  Now  therefore  when  I  come  to  thy  servant  my 

oisa.  18. 1.  father,  and  the  lad  be  not  with  us,  (seeing  that  "his  life  is  bound  up  in 
the  lad's  Ufe),  ^Mt  shall  come  to  pass,  when  he  seeth  that  the  lad  is 
not  with  us,  that  he  will  die ;  and  thy  servants  shall  bring  down  the 
gray  hairs  of  thy  servant  our  father  with  sorrow  to  the  grave.  ^^  For 
thy  servant  became  surety  for  the  lad  unto  my  father,  saying,  '  If  I 
bring  him  not  unto  thee,  then  I  shall  bear  the  blame  to  my  father  for 

jEx.  32. 32.  ever.'  ^^  Now  therefore,  I  pray  thee,  Met  thy  servant  abide  instead  of 
the  lad  a  bondman  to  my  lord  ;  and  let  the  lad  go  up  with  his  breth- 
ren. 3^  For  how  shall  I  go  up  to  my  father,  and  the  lad  be   not  with 

VOL.  I.  16  K 


122  JOSEPH  MAKETH  fflMSELP  KNOWN  TO  HIS  BRETHREN.     [Period  If. 


i  Heb.  Jind  my 
father.  Ex.  18. 8. 
Job  31.  29.  Pg. 
116.  3.  &  119. 
143. 


*  Heb.  gave  forth 
his  voice  in  weep- 
ing. Nu.  14.  1. 

c  Ac.  7.  13. 

t  Or,  terrified. 
Job  4.  5.  &  23. 
13.  Alat.  14.  26. 

d  Ge.  37.  28. 

X  Heb.  neither  let 
tliere  be  anger  ia 
your  eyes.  Is.  40. 
2.  2  Co.  2.  7. 


e  Ge.  50.  20.  Ps. 
105.  16,  17.  See 
2  Sa.  16.  10,  11. 

*  Heb.  to  pxdfuT 
you  a  remnant. 

/Ge.  41.  43.  Ju. 
17.  10.  Job  29. 
16. 


g  Ge.  47.  1. 


f  Heb.  was  good 
in  the  eyes  of 
Pharao/i.Ge.  41. 


X  Heb.  let  not 
your  eyes  spare. 


\  Heb.  carrying. 


X  Heb.  his.  Job 
29.  24.  F8.  )2f.. 
1.  Lu.24.  11,41. 


me  ?    lest    peradventure    I    see    the    evil    tliat    shall    tconie    on    my 
father." 

^  Then  Joseph  could  not  refrain  himself  before  all  them  that  Ge.n-.  xlv. 
stood  by  him  ;  and  he  cried,  "  Cause  every  man  to  go  out  from 
me."  Ajid  there  stood  no  man  with  him  while  Joseph  made  himself 
known  unto  his  brethren.  -  And  he  *wept  aloud  ;  and  the  Egyptians  and 
the  house  of  Pharaoh  heard.  ^  And  Joseph  said  unto  his  brethren,  "  I  'am 
Joseph  ;  doth  my  father  yet  live  ?  "  And  his  brethren  could  not  answer 
liim  ;  for  they  were  ttroubled  at  his  presence.  ^  And  Joseph  said  unto 
his  brethren,  '•'  Come  near  to  me,  I  pray  you."  And  they  came  near. 
And  he  said,  "  I  am  Joseph  your  brotlier,  ''whom  ye  sold  into  Egypt. 
^  Now  therefore  be  not  grieved,  tnor  angry  with  yourselves,  that  ye 
sold  me  hither ;  'for  God  did  .send  me  before  you  to  preserve  life. 
^  For  these  two  years  hath  the  famine  been  in  the  land  ;  and  yet  there 
are  five  years,  in  the  which  there  shall  neither  be  earing  nor  harvest. 
'''And  God  sent  me  before  you  *to  preserve  you  a  posterity  in  the 
earth,  and  to  save  your  lives  by  a  great  deliverance.  ^  So  now  it  was 
not  you  that  sent  me  hither,  but  God  ;  and  he  hath  made  me  -^a  father 
to  Pharaoh,  and  lord  of  all  his  house,  and  a  ruler  throughout  all  the 
land  of  Egypt.  ^  Haste  ye,  and  go  up  to  my  father,  and  say  unto  him, 
Thus  saitii  thy  son  Joseph,  God  hath  made  me  lord  of  all  Egypt ; 
come  down  unto  me,  tarry  not,  i^and  ""thou  shalt  dwell  in  the  land  of 
Goshen,  and  thou  shalt  be  near  unto  me,  thou,  and  thy  children,  and 
thy  children's  children,  and  thy  flocks,  and  thy  herds,  and  all  that 
thou  hast,  ^'  and  there  will  I  nourish  thee,  (for  yet  there  are  five 
years  of  famine,)  lest  thou,  and  thy  household,  and  all  that  thou  hast, 
come  to  poverty.  ^'^  And,  behold,  your  eyes  see,  and  the  eyes  of  my 
brother  Benjamin,  that  it  is  ''my  mouth  that  speaketh  unto  you.  ^^  And 
ye  shall  tell  my  father  of  all  my  glory  in  Egypt,  and  of  all  that  ye 
have  seen;  and  ye  shall  haste  and  'bring  down  my  father  hither." 
^^  And  he  fell  upon  his  brother  Benjamin's  neck,  and  wept ;  and  Ben- 
jamin wept  upon  his  neck.  ^=  Moreover  he  kissed  all  his  brethren,  and 
wept  upon  them ;  and  after  that  his  brethren  talked  with  him. 

^^  And  the  fame  thereof  was  heard  in  Pharaoh's  house,  saying, 
"  Joseph's  brethren  are  come  ;  "  and  it  tpleased  Pharaoh  well,  and  his 
servants.  ''^  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Joseph,  "  Say  unto  thy  brethren, 
This  do  ye  ;  lade  your  beasts,  and  go,  get  you  unto  the  land  of  Canaan, 
^^and  take  your  father  and  your  households,  and  come  unto  me; 
and  I  will  give  you  the  good  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  ye  shall  eat 
•'the  fat  of  the  land.  ^^  Now  thou  art  commanded,  this  do  ye;  take 
you  wagons  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  for  your  little  ones,  and  for 
your  wives,  and  bring  your  father,  and  come.  ~"  Also  tregard  not  your 
stuff;  for  the  good  of  all  the  land  of  Egypt  is  yours." 

-^  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  so :  and  Joseph  gave  them  wagons, 
according  to  the  *commandment  of  Pharaoli,  and  gave  them  provision 
for  the  way.  '-'  To  all  of  them  he  gave  each  man  changes  of  raiment ; 
but  to  Benjamin  he  gave  three  hundred  pieces  of  silver,  and  *five 
changes  of  raiment.  --'And  to  his  father  he  sent  after  this  manner; 
ten  asses  fladen  with  the  good  things  of  Egypt,  and  ten  she  asses 
laden  Avith  corn  and  bread  and  meat  for  his  father  by  the  way.  ^''  So 
he  sent  his  brethren  away,  and  they  departed ;  and  he  said  unto  them, 
"  See  that  ye  fall  not  out  by  the  way." 

-■'  And  they  went  up  out  of  Egypt,  and  came  into  the  land  of  Canaan 
unto  Jacob  their  father,  ^^and  told  him,  saying,  '-Joseph  is  yet  alive, 
and  he  is  governor  over  all  the  land  of  Egypt !  "  And  IJacob's  heart 
fainted,  for  he  believed  them  not.  -"And  they  told  him  all  tlie  words 
of  Joseph,  which  he  had  said  unto  them  ;  and  when  he  saw  the  wag- 


P^RT   v.] 


JOURNEY  OF  JACOB  INTO  EGYPT  WITH  HIS  FAMILY. 


123 


ons  which  Joseph  liad  sent  to  carry  him,  the  spirit  of  Jacob  their  father 
revived.  -"^  And  Israel  said,  "  It  is  enough,  Joseph  my  son  is  yet  alive; 
I  will  go  and  see  him  before  I  die." 


SECT.  VIII. 

A.  M.  2388. 

B.  C.  1706. 
Males,  1863. 

Canaan. 

cGe.  21.  31,  33. 

&  28.  10. 
b  Go.  2t;.  24,  25. 

&  31.  42. 
c  See  Ge.  15.  1. 
d  Ge.  28.  13. 
e  See  Ge.  12.  2. 
/Ge.  28.  15.&;48. 

21. 
g  Ge.  15.  16.  & 

.-.0.  13,  24,  25. 

Ex.3.  8. 
h  Ge.  50.  1. 
eAc.  7.  15. 
j  Ge.  45.  I'J,  21. 

k  De.  26.  5.  Jos. 

24.  4.  Ps.  105. 

23.  Is.  52.  4. 
ZEx.  1.1.&6. 14. 

mNu.26.5.  ICh. 
5.  1. 

n  Ex.  6. 15. 1  Ch. 
4.24. 

*  Or,  JVemuel. 
t  Or,  Jarib. 

X  Or,  Zera!i,  1  Ch. 
4.  24. 
o  1  Ch.  6.  1,  16. 

*  Or,  Gcrshom. 

p  1  Ch.  2.  3.  &  4. 

21. 
9  Ge.  38.  3,  7,  10. 
rGe.38.29.  ICh. 

2.5. 
s  ]  Ch.  7.  1. 
t  Or,  Puah,  and 

Ja.thuh. 


t  Nu.  26.  15,  &c. 

Zeplwn. 
X  Or,  Oini. 
*  Or,  jJrofZ. 
u  1  Ch.  7.  30. 

V  Ge.  30.  10. 
IB  Ge.  29.  24. 
X  Ge.  44.  27. 

V  Ge.  41.  50. 


1  1   Chron.   7.  6. 

&8.  1. 
a  Numb.  26.   38, 

Jihiram.  ]  Ch.  8. 

1,  Jllinrah. 

b  Numb.   26.   39, 

Shupham.  1  Chr. 

7.  12,  Shuppim. 
t  Hupham.     Nu. 

21'.  39. 
e  ICh.  7.  12. 
*  Or,    Shuliam, 

Num.  26.  42. 
d  1  Ch.  7.  13. 
e  Ge.  30.  5,  7. 
/  Ge.  29.  29, 


Sect.  VII. Journey  of  Jacob  into  Egypt   tvith  his  family. 

Gen.  xlvi.  1-7,  xxxvii.  beginning  ofver.  2,  xlvi.  8,  to  the  end,  and  xlvii.  1-12. 

Jacob  is  comforted  by  God  at  Beer-sheba.  5  Thence  he  with  his  company  goeih  into  Egypt.  8  The 
number  of  his  family  that  went  into  Egypt.  28  Joseph  nieeteth  Jacob.  31  He  instructeth  his 
brethren  how  to  ansiver  Pharaoh.  —  Chap,  xlvii.  1  Joseph  presenteth  five  of  his  brethren,  7  and 
his  father,  before  Pharaoh.     II  He  giveth  them  habitation  and  maintenance. 

^  And  Israel  took  his  journey  with  all  that  he  had,  and  came  to 
"Beer-sheba,  and  offered  sacrifices  Hinto  the  God  of  his  father  Isaac. 
^  And  God  spake  unto  Israel  'in  the  visions  of  the  night,  and  said, 
"  Jacob  !  Jacob  ! "  And  he  said,  "  Here  am  I."  ^  And  he  said,  "  I  am 
God,  ''the  God  of  thy  father  ;  fear  not  to  go  down  into  Egypt,  for  I  will 
there  'make  of  thee  a  great  nation.  '^  I  -^will  go  down  with  thee  into 
Egypt,  and  I  will  also  surely  "'bring  thee  up  again  ;  and  ''Joseph  shall  put 
his  hand  upon  thine  eyes."  ^  And  'Jacob  rose  up  from  Beer-sheba  ;  and 
the  sons  of  Israel  carried  Jacob  their  father,  and  their  little  ones,  and  their 
wives,  in  the  wagons  ^which  Pharaoh  had  sent  to  carry  him.  ^  And 
they  took  their  cattle,  and  their  goods,  which  they  had  gotten  in  the 
land  of  Canaan,  and  came  into  Egypt,  '^ Jacob,  and  all  his  seed  with 
him  ;  his  sons,  and  his  sons'  sons  with  him,  his  daughters,  and  his 
sons'  daughters,  and  all  his  seed  brought  he  with  him  into  Egypt, 

^  These  are  the  generations  of  Jacob,  ^  and  'these  are  the  names  of 
the  children  of  Israel,  which  came  into  Egypt,  Jacob  and  his  sons  : 
"Reuben,  Jacob's  firstborn.  ^And  the  sons  of  Reuben;  Hanoch,  and 
Phallu,  and  Hezron,  and  Carmi, 

^'^  And  "the  sons  of  Simeon  ;  *Jemuel,  and  Jamin,  and  Ohad,  and 
tJachin,  and  tZohar,  and  Shaul  the  son  of  a  Canaanitish  woman. 

^^  And  the  sons  of  "Levi ;   *Gershon,  Kohath,  and  Merari. 

12  And  the  sons  of  ^Judah  ;  Er,  and  Onan,and  Shelah,  and  Pharez, 
and  Zarah  :  but  'Er  and  Onan  died  in  the  land  of  Canaan.  And  ''the 
sons  of  Pharez  were  Hezron  and  Hamul. 

i^And  'the  sonsof  Issachar ;  Tola,  and  fPhuvah,  and  Job,  and  Shimron. 

^'^  And  the  sons  of  Zebulun  ;  Sered,  and  Elon,  and  Jahleel. 

1^  These  be  the  sons  of  Leah,  which  she  bare  unto  Jacob  in  Padan- 
aram,  with  his  daughter  Dinah :  all  the  souls  of  his  sons  and  his 
daughters  were  thirty  and  three. 

^^  And  the  sons  of  Gad ;  'Ziphion,  and  Haggi,  Shuni,  and  tEzbon, 
Eri,  and  *Arodi,  and  Areli. 

^"^  And  "the  sons  of  Asher  ;  Jimnah,  and  Ishuah,  and  Isui,  and  Beriah, 
and  Serah  their  sister :  and  the  sons  of  Beriah  ;  Heber,  and  Malchiel. 

1^  These  "are  the  sons  of  Zilpah,  "whom  Laban  gave  to  Leah  his 
daughter,  and  these  she  bare  unto  Jacob,  even  sixteen  souls.  ^^  The 
sons  of  Rachel  ""Jacob's  wife  ;  Joseph  and  Benjamin. 

-^  And  ^unto  Joseph  in  the  land  of  Egypt  were  born  Manasseh  and 
Ephraim,  which  Asenath  the  daughter  of  Poti-pherah  tpriest  of  On 
bare  unto  him. 

21  And  ""the  sons  of  Benjamin  were  Belah,  and  Becher,  and  Ashbel, 
Gera,  and  Naaman,  "Ehi,  and  Rosh,  'Muppim,  and  tHuppim,  and  Ard. 

"  These  are  the  sons  of  Rachel,  which  were  born  to  Jacob :  all  the 
souls  were  fourteen. 

2^  And  ''the  sons  of  Dan  ;  *Hushim. 

^'^  And  ''the  sons  of  Naphtali ;  Jahzeel,  and  Guni,  and  Jezer,  and 
Shillem. 

2^  These  'are  the  sons  of  Bilhah,  %hich  Laban  gave  unto  Rachel 
his  daughter,  and  she  bare  these  unto  Jacob  :  all  the  souls  were  seven. 


124  GOVERNMENT  OF  EGYPT  BY  JOSEPH.  [Period  II. 

g  Ex.  1. 5.  26  ^11  ^tjjg  gQuis  that  came  with  Jacob  into  Egypt,  which  came  out 

^ss^'^n.''""*'  ^^'  o^  ^^^  tloins,  besides  Jacob's  sons'  wives,  all  the  souls  were  threescore 
and  six. 

^''  And  the  sons  of  Joseph,  which  were   born  him  in  Egypt,  were 
A  Deut.  10.  22.    \y^Q  souls :   ''all  the  souls  of  the  house  of   Jacob,  which  came  into 

See  Acts  7. 14.  ^ 

Egypt,  were  threescore  and  ten. 

t  Ge.  31. 21.  28  ^jj^j  |^g  ggj^^  Judah  bcforc  him  unto  Joseph,  'to  direct  his  face  unto 

Goshen  ;  and  they  came  into  the  land  of  Goshen.  -^  And  Joseph  made 
ready  his   chariot,  and  went  up  to  meet  Israel   his  father,  to  Goshen, 

jSoGe  45.14.    and  presented  himself  unto  him  ;  and  he  ^fell  on  his  neck,  and  wept 

*  So  Luke  2.  29,  on  his  ncck  a  good  while.  ^'^  And  Israel  said  unto  Joseph,  "  Now  *let  me 
die,  since  I  have  seen  thy  face,  because  thou  art  yet  alive."  ^^  And 
Joseph  said  unto  his  brethren,  and  unto  his  father's  house,  "  I  will  go 
up,  and  show  Pharaoh,  and  say  unto  him.  My  brethren,  and  my  father's 
house,  which  were  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  are  come  unto  me;  ^~and 

^T^t'ofcatac  ""^^  ^^^^  '^^^  ^•'^  shepherds,  for  Itheir  trade  hath  been  to  feed  cattle ;  and 
they  have  brought  their  flocks,  and  their  lierds,  and  all  that  they  have. 
^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  Pharaoh  shall  call  you,  and  shall 
say.  What   is  your  occupation  ?  ^"^  that  ye    shall    say,  Thy  servants' 

'34^5  &'37^i2*'  trade  hath  been  about  cattle  'from  our  youth  even  until  now,  both  we, 
and  also  our  fathers ;  that  ye   may  dwell  in   the  land  of  Goshen,  for 

moe. 43. 32.        evcry  shepherd  is  '"an  abomination  unto  the  Egyptians." 

^  Then   Joseph  came  and  told  Pharaoh,   and  said,  "  My   ^^^^^'^"■ 
father  and  my  brethren,  and  their  flocks,  and  their  herds,  and 
all  that  they  have,  are  come  out  of  the  land  of  Canaan  ;  and,  behold,  they 

n  Ge.  45. 10.       ^rc  iu  "the  land  of  Goshen."  ^  And  he  took  some  of  his  brethren,  even  five 

o  Acts?.  13.  men,  and  "presented  them  unto  Pharaoh.  ^  And  Pharaoh  said  unto  his 
brethren,  ''  What  is  your  occupation?  "  And  they  .said  unto  Pharaoh, 
"  Thy  servants  are  shepherds,  both  we,  and  also  our  fathers."  ^  They 

V  Ge.  15. 13.  Dc.  g^id  morcovcr  unto  Pharaoh,  "  For  ''to   sojourn   in  the  land  are  we 

q  Ge.  43.1.  Acts  comc,  for  thy  servants  have  no  pasture  for  their  flocks,  'for  the  famine 
'•  ^^-  is  sore  in   the   land  of  Canaan  ;  now  therefore,  we  pray  thee,  let  thy 

servants  dwell  in  the  land  of  Goshen." 

^  And   Pharaoh   spake   unto  Joseph,  saying,  "  Thy  father  and   thy 

r  Ge.  20. 15.  brethren  are  come  unto  thee.  ^  The  '^land  of  Egypt  is  before  thee,  in 
the  best  of  the  land  make  thy  father  and  brethren  to  dwell ;  in  the 
land  of  Goshen  let  them  dwell  ;  and  if  thou  knowest  any  men  of  ac- 

*^el'JdmjJ"of"''  ti^'*^y  among  them,  then  make  them  rulers  over  my  cattle." 
tke  years  of  thy         7  ^^j    Joscph   brought  iu    Jacob    his    father,    and   set  him   before 

s  He.  11.13.        Pharaoh  ;  and  Jacob  blessed  Pharaoh.  ^And  Pharaoh  said  unto  Jacob, 
P8  39.12.         a  *jjo^  oi(i  art  thou  ?"  ^And  Jacob  said  unto  Pharaoh,  "The  'days 

t  Job  14.  1.  teee  ...  1  i        1  1       1  •  tC 

Ge.  27. 41, 42.  of  the  ycars  of  my  pilgrimage  are  an  hundred  and  thirty  years  ;  lew 
n.&,34. 30.&  and  evil  have  the  days  of  the  years  of  my  life  been,  and  "have  not 
sslsl.'^"*"^^'  attained  unto  the  days  of  the  years  of  the  life  of  my  fathers  in  the 
«Ge.25.7.&35.  days  of  their  i)ilgrimage."  ^°  And  Jacob  blessed  Pharaoh,  and  went 
«Ex.  1. 11.&12.  out  from  before  Pharaoh. 

Or  asaimc  '  ^V^nd  Joscph  placed  his  father  and  his  brethren,  and  gave  them  a 
\hiidA^nourilcd.  posscssiou  iu  thc  land  of  Egypt,  in  the  best  of  tlie  land,  in  the  land 
^"tiieUttT/onL  of  "Rarneses,  as  Pharaoh  had  commanded.  ^~  And  Joseph  nourished  iiis 
Ge.50.21.  father,  and  his  brethren,  and  all  his  father's  household,  with  bread, 
— ^ taccording  to  their  families. 

SECT.  IX. 

—  Sect    IX. Government  of  Egypt  by  Joseph. 

^!1\^IT  GEN.xlvii.l3-2G.      ' 

Conlimiance  of  the  famim,  Joseph  gettelh  all  the  Egijptiaris'  money,  16  their  cattle,  18  their  lands  to 
Pharaoh.     22  The  priests'  land  was  not  bought.     23  He  letteth  the  land  to  them  for  a  fifth  part. 

^^  And  there  was   no  bread  in  all  the  land  ;  for  the  famine  was  very 
°7^Ti^^'  ^^'  ^'''   sore,  "so  that  the  land  of  Egypt  and  all  the  land  of  Canaan  fainted  by 


C.  1704. 

Hales,  1872. 

Egypt. 


PiRT   VI.] 


DEATH  OF  JACOB  AND  HIS  BLESSING  ON  HIS  SONS. 


125 


Heb.  led  them. 


X  Or,  princes, 
ver.  22. 


reason  of  the  famine.  ^^  And  ''Joseph  gathered  up  all  the  money  that 
was  found  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  for  the 
corn  which  they  bought :  and  Joseph  brought  the  money  into 
Pharaoh's  house,  ^^  And  when  money  failed  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and 
in  the  land  of  Canaan,  all  the  Egyptians  came  unto  Joseph,  and  said, 
"  Give  us  bread  :  for  why  should  we  die  in  thy  presence  ?  for  the 
money  faileth."  ^^  And  Joseph  said,  "  Give  your  cattle  ;  and  I  will 
give  you  for  your  cattle,  if  money  fail."  ^^And  they  brought  their 
cattle  unto  Joseph  :  and  Joseph  gave  them  bread  in  exchange  for 
horses,  and  for  the  flocks,  and  for  the  cattle  of  the  herds,  and  for  the 
asses ;  and  he  *fed  them  with  bread  for  all  their  cattle  for  that  year. 
IS  When  that  year  was  ended,  they  came  unto  him  the  second  year, 
and  said  unto  him,  "  We  will  not  hide  it  from  my  lord,  how  that  our 
money  is  spent ;  my  lord  also  hath  our  herds  of  cattle  ;  there  is  not 
aught  left  in  the  sight  of  my  lord,  but  our  bodies  and  our  lands  : 
^9  wherefore  shall  we  die  before  thine  eyes,  both  we  and  our  land  ? 
buy  us  and  our  land  for  bread,  and  we  and  our  land  will  be  servants 
unto  Pharaoh :  and  give  us  seed,  that  we  may  live,  and  not  die,  that 
the  land  be  not  desolate."  ^^  And  Joseph  bought  all  the  land  of  Egypt 
for  Pharaoh  ;  for  the  Egyptians  sold  every  man  his  field,  because  the 
famine  prevailed  over  them  :  so  the  land  became  Pharaoh's.  -^  And  as 
for  the  people,  he  removed  them  to  cities  from  one  end  of  the  borders 
of  Egypt  even  to  the  other  end  thereof.  ^^  Only  'the  land  of  the 
t priests  bought  he  not ;  for  the  priests  had  a  portion  assigned  them  of 
Pharaoh,  and  did  eat  their  portion  which  Pharaoh  gave  them :  where- 
fore they  sold  not  their  lands.  -^  Then  Joseph  said  unto  the  people, 
"  Behold,  I  have  bought  you  this  day  and  your  land  for  Pharaoh  :  lo, 
here  is  seed  for  you,  and  ye  shall  sow  the  land.  ~^  And  it  shall  come 
to  pass  in  the  increase,  that  ye  shall  give  the  fifth  part  unto  Pharaoh, 
and  four  parts  shall  be  your  own,  for  seed  of  the  field,  and  for  your 
food,  and  for  them  of  your  households,  and  for  food  for  your  little 
ones."  '-^^  And  they  said,  "  Thou  hast  saved  our  lives  :  "let  us  find  grace 
in  the  sight  of  my  lord,  and  we  will  be  Pharaoh's  servants."  ^^  And 
Joseph  made  it  a  law  over  the  land  of  Egypt  unto  this  day,  that 
Pharaoh  should  have  the  fifth  part ;  except  the  land  of  the  tpriests 
only,  which  became  not  Pharaoh's. 


PART    VI. 


SECT.  I. 

A.  M.  2315. 

Hales,  1846. 
Goshen. 


*  Heb.  the  days 
the  years  of  his 
life:  see  ver.  9 

6  So  De.  31.  14, 
1  Ki.  2.  I. 

cGe.  24.9. 

d  Ge.  24.  49. 

e  So  Ge.  50.  25. 

/2  Sa.  19.  37. 

^Ge.  50.  5,  13. 


VOL.    I 


FROM  THE   DEATH   OF  JACOB   TO   THE   DEATH   OF  JOSEPH. 

Section  I. — Death  of  Jacob,  and  Jiis  Blessing  on  his  Sons. 

Gen.  xlvii.  27,  to  the  end,  chap,  xlviii.  and  xlix. 

Jacob's  age.  29  He  sweareth  Joseph  to  bury  him  with  his  fathers.  —  Chap,  xlviii.  1  Joseph  with  his 
sons  msiteth  his  sick  father.  2  Jacob  strengtheneth  himself  to  bless  them.  3  He  repeateth  the 
promise.  5  He  taketh  Ephraim  and  Manasseli  as  his  own.  7  He  telleth  Joseph  of  his  mother's 
grave.  9  He  blesseth  Ephraim  and  Manasseli.  17  He  preferreth  the  younger  before  the  elder. 
21  He  prophesieth  their  return  to  Canaan.  —  Chap.  xlix.  1  ,Tacob  callcth  his  sons  to  bless  them. 
3  Their  blessing  in  particular.     29  He  chargeth  them  about  his  burial.     33  He  dieth. 

^'^  AND  Israel  dwelt  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  in  the  country  of  Goshen  ; 
and  they  had  possessions  therein,  and  "grew,  and   multiplied   exceed- 
ingly. "*^  And  Jacob  lived  in  the   land  of  Egypt  seventeen  years  :   so 
of  *the  whole  age  of  Jacob  was  an  hundred  forty  and  seven  years. 

^^  And  the  time  Mrew  nigh  that  Israel  must  die  ;  and  he  called  his 
son  Joseph,  and  said  unto  him,  "  If  now  I  have  found  grace  in  thy 
sight,  'put,  I  pray  thee,  thy  hand  under  my  thigh,  and  ''deal  kindly  and 
truly  with  me.  'Bury  me  not,  I  pray  thee,  in  Egypt ;  ^^  but  ^l  will  lie 
with  my  fathers,  and  thou  shalt  carry  me  out  of  Egypt,  and  'bury  me 
in  their  burying-place."     And  he  said,  "  I  will  do  as  thou  hast  said." 


126  DEATH  OF  JACOB  AND  HIS  BLESSING  ON  HIS  SONS.        [Period  II. 

^^  And  he  said,  '•  Swear  unto  me."     x\nd  he  sware  unto  liim.     And 
Yi^o'i^"^'^"  ^**  Israel  ''bowed  himself  upon  the  bed's  head. 

^  And  it   came   to  pass  after   these  things,  that  one   told  Ges.  xlviii. 
Joseph,  ''  Behold,  thy  father  is  sick  ;  "  and  he  took  with  him 
his  two  sons  Manasseh  and  Ephraim.  ^  And  one  told  Jacob,  and  said, 
"  Behold,  thy  son  Joseph  cometh  unto  thee  ;  "  and  Israel  strengthened 
himself,  and  sat  upon  the  bed. 

^  And  Jacob  said  unto  Joseph,  "  God  Almighty  appeared  unto  me 
*?^j.^- ^^''/^-    at  'Luz   in  the   land  of  Canaan,  and  blessed  me,  "^and  said  unto  me, 

&  35,  0, 9,  occ.  ^  ' 

'  Behold,  I  will  make  thee  fruitful,  and  multiply  thee,  and  I  will  make 
of  thee  a  multitude  of  people  ;  and  will   give  this  land  to  thy  seed 

^ vi'T^^SLfi  l"^'  ^^^^^'  ^^^^  ^^^  ^'^  everlasting  possession.' ^  And  now  thy  -'two  sons, 
Ephraim  and  Manasseh,  which  were  born  unto  thee  in  the  land  of 
Egypt  before  I  came  unto  thee  into  Egypt,  are  mine  ;  as  Reuben  and 
Simeon,  they  shall  be  mine.  ^  And  thy  issue,  which  thou  begettest 
after  them,  shall  be  thine,  and  shall  be  called  after  the  name  of  their 
brethren  in  their  inheritance.  "^  And   as   for   me,  when  I  came  from 

fcGe. 35. 16,19.  Padau,  'Rachel  died  by  me  in  the  land  of  Canaan  in  the  way,  when 
yet  there  was  but  a  little  way  to  come  unto  Ephrath  ;  and  I  buried 
her  there  in  the  way  of  Ephrath  ;  the  same  is  Bethlehem." 

^  And  Israel  beheld  Joseph's   sons,  and   said,  "  Who  are   these?" 

zsoGe.  33. 5.  ^  And  Joscph  Said  unto  his  father, '' They 'are  my  sons,  whom  God 
hath  given  me   in  this  place."     And   he   said,  '•  Bring  them,  I   pray 

mGe.27.4.        t^ec,  uuto  mc,  and  '"I  will  bless   them."   I'^Now  the   eyes  of  Israel 

t  Heb.  heavy.  Is.   wcrc  tdiiTi  for  age,  SO  that  he  could  not  see.     And  he   brought  them 

nGe  27  ^7        "*^^'"   ^^^^  him;  and   "he  kissed  them,  and   embraced  them.  ^^  And 

oGe.  45. 26.  Israel  said  unto  Joseph,  "  I  "had  not  thought  to  see  thy  face  :  and,  lo, 
God  hath  showed  me  also  thy  seed."  ^^  And  Joseph  brought  them  out 

p  Ex.  20. 12.  from  between  his  knees,  and  ^he  bowed  himself  with  his  face  to  the 
earth.  ^^  And  Joseph  took  them  both,  Ephraim  in  his  right  hand  toward 
Israel's  left  hand,  and  Manasseh  in  his  left  hand  toward  Israel's  right 
hand,  and  brought  them  near  unto  him.  ^^  And  Israel  stretched  out 
his  right  hand,  and  laid  it  upon  Ephraim's  head,  who  was  the  younger, 
and  his  left  hand  upon  Manasseh's  head,  guiding  his  hands  wittingly  ; 

9  Heb.  11.21.       fQY  Manasseh  was  the  firstborn.  ^^  And  'he  blessed  Joseph,  and  said, — 
"  God,  before  whom  my  fathers  Abraham  and  Isaac  did  walk, 
The  God  which  fed  me  all  my  life  long  unto  this  day, 

»■<?«•  28. 15.  &  16  The  "" Angel  which  redeemed  me  from  all  evil, 

P3. 34. 22.  Bless  the  lads  ! 


Nu.  26.  34,  37. 

*  Heb.  was  evil  in 
his  eyes.  Ge.  28. 


And  let  my  name  be  named  on  them, 
And  the  name  of  my  fathers  Abraham  and  Isaac ; 
^d^ltrZfclTee  -^"^  let  tlicm  tgrow  into  a  multitude  in  the  midst  of  the  earth." 

^^  And  when  Joseph  saw  that  his  father  laid  his  right  hand  upon 
the  head  of  Ephraim,  it  *displeased  him  ;  and  he  held  up  his  father's 
hand,  to  remove  it  from  Ephraim's  head  unto  Manasseh's  head.  ^^  And 
Joseph  said  unto  his  father,  ''  Not  so,  my  father,  for  this  is  the  first- 
born ;  put  thy  right  hand  upon  his  head."  ^'^  And  his  father  refused, 
and  said,  "  I  know  it,  my  son,  I  know  it ;  he  also  shall  become  a  peo- 
ple, and  he  also  shall  be  great :  but  truly  'his  younger  brother  shall 
be  greater  than  he,  and  his  seed  shall  become  a  tmultitude  of  nations." 
-''  And  he  blessed  them  that  day,  saying,  "  In  thee  shall  Israel  bless, 
saying,  God  make  thee  as  Ephraim  and  as  Manasseh  ; "  and  he  set 
Ephraim  before  Manasseh. 

21  And  Israel  said  unto  Joseph,  "  Behold,  I  die  ;  but  'God  shall  be 
with  you,  and  bring  you  again  unto  the  land  of  your  fathers.  ^~  More- 
over "I  have  given  to  thee  one  portion  above  thy  brethren,  which  I 
took  out  of  the  hand  "of  the  Amorite  with  my  sword  and  with  my  bow." 


5  Nu.  1.33,35. 
&2.  19,21.  Do. 
33.  17.  Re.  7.  (i, 
8. 

^Heh.  fulness. 

tGe. 
24. 

46.  4.  &  50. 

uJos 
ICh 
4.5. 

.  24.  32. 
1.  5.  2.  John 

tiGe. 

17. 

34.  28.  Jos. 
14,  &c. 

Part  VI.] 


JACOB  BLESSETH  HIS   SONS. 


127 


to  .\m.  3.  7. 

X  Nu.  24.  14.  De. 

4.  30.  &  31.  29. 

Is.  2.  2.  &  39.  6. 

Je.  23.  20.  &  30. 

24.  Ez.  38.  8, 16. 

Da.  2.  28, 29.  & 

10.  14.  Ho.  3.  5. 

Mic.  4.  1.  Ac.  2. 

17.  He.  1.  2. 
11  Dp.  21.  17. 

X  Hcb.  do  not  thou 
excd.  1  Ch.  5.  1. 

2  Ge.  35.  22.  De. 
27.  i'i). 

*  Or,  mjf  couch  is 
gone. 

a  Ge.  29.  33.  34. 

f  Or,  their  swords 
arc  weapons  of 
violence.  Ge.  34. 


6Pr.  1.  15,  16. 
c  I's.  2G.  9.  Eph. 

5.  U. 
X  Or,  h'lughed 

oxen. 
d  Jos.  19.  1,  9    & 

21.  5-7.  ICh.  4. 

24,  39. 


e  De.  33.  7.  Mat. 
21.  9. 
/Ps.  18.  40. 
g-Ge.27.29.lCh. 


5.2. 

k  Ee.  5.  5. 


fePs.  60.  7.  &  108. 

8. 
I  i.  e.  from  among 

his  posterity.  De. 

28.  57. 

mis.  11.  1.&62. 

11.  Ez.  21.  27. 

Da.  9.  25.  Mat. 

21.  9.  Lu.  1.  32, 

33.  Jo.  1.49. 
n  Is.  2.  2.  &  11. 

10.  &  42.  1,  4.  & 

49.  6,  7,  23,  23. 

&  55.  4,  5.  &  60. 

1,  3,  4,  5.  Hag. 

2.  7.  Lu.  2.  30- 
32. 

0  De.  33.  18,  19. 
Jos.  19.  10,  11. 


'  And  Jacob  called  unto  his  sons,  and  said,  '"  Gather  your-     ^^ 
selves  together,  that  I  may  "tell  you  that  which  shall  ""befall 
you  in  the  last  days."-* 

^  "  Gather  yourselves  together,  and  hear,  ye  sons  of  Jacob, 
And  hearken  unto  Israel  your  father. 
^"  Reuben,  thou  art  my  firstborn. 
My  might,  and  ^the  beginning  of  my  strength, 
The  excellency  of  dignity,  and  the  excellency  of  povi^er. 
■*  Unstable  as  water,  tthou  shall  not  excel ; 
Because  thou  ''wentest  up  to  thy  father's  bed ; 
Then  defiledst  thou  it :   *he  went  up  to  my  couch. 

^  '*  Simeon  "and  Levi  are  brethren  ; 
tinstruments  of  cruelty  are  in  their  habitations. 
^  O  my  soul,  ''come  not  thou  into  their  secret ! 
Unto  "their  assembly,  mine  honor,  be  not  thou  united  ! 
For  in  their  anger  they  slew  a  man, 
And  in  their  selfwill  they  tdigged  down  a  wall. 
"^  Cursed  be  their  anger,  for  it  was  fierce  ; 
And  their  wrath,  for  it  was  cruel. 
I  ''will  divide  them  in  Jacob, 
And  scatter  them  in  Israel. 

^  "  JuDAH,  'thou  art  he  whom  thy  brethren  shall  praise. 
Thy  -^hand  shall  be  in  the  neck  of  thine  enemies, 
Thy  'father's  children  shall  bow  down  before  thee. 
^  Judah  ''is  a  lion's  whelp  ; 
From  the  prey,  my  son,  thou  art  gone  up. 
He  'stooped  down,  he  couched  as  a  lion, 
And  as  an  old  lion — who  shall  rouse  him  up  ? 
^'^  The  ^sceptre  shall  not  depart  from  Judah, 
Nor  'a  lawgiver  'from  between  his  feet, 
Until  "'Shiloh  come  ; 

And  "unto  him  shall  the  gathering  of  the  people  be. 
^^  Binding  his  foal  unto  the  vine. 

And  his  ass's  colt  unto  the  choice  vine ; 
He  washed  his  garments  in  wine. 
And  his  clothes  in  the  blood  of  grapes. 
^^  His  eyes  shall  be  red  with  wine, 
And  his  teeth  white  with  milk. 

^^  "  Zebulun  "shall  dwell  at  the  haven  of  the  sea  ; 
And  he  shall  be  for  a  haven  of  ships ; 
And  his  border  shall  be  unto  Zidon. 

^"*  "  IssACHAR  is  a  strong  ass 
Couching  down  between  two  burdens. 
^^  And  he  saw  that  rest  was  good. 
And  the  land  that  it  was  pleasant ; 
And  bowed  his  shoulder  to  bear, 
And  became  a  servant  unto  tribute. 


Q-)  Jacob,  in  this  address,  prophesies  the  destiny 
of  each  of  his  sons,  and  predicts,  in  still  clearer 
terms,  the  advent  of  the  Messiah.  It  is  important 
to  observe  the  manner  in  which  the  future  Deliv- 
erer of  the  world  is  gradually  revealed,  as  well  as 
the  manner  in  which  the  line  of  the  Messiah  is 
gradually  limited  to  the  descendants  of  those  pa- 
triarchs, on  whom  it  pleased  the  Almighty  to  con- 
fer this  part  of  the  blessings  of  the  birtnright. — He 
is  first  represented  in  general  terms,  as  the  seed  of 
the  woman.  It  is  ]jredicted  that  He  shall  descend 
from  Sliem.  From  among  the  sons  of  Shem,  Abra- 
ham is  selected  :  from  the  sons  of  Abraham,  Isaac 


is  chosen  ;  of  the  two  sons  of  Isaac,  Jacob  obtains 
the  blessing  :  from  the  twelve  sons  of  Jacob,  Judah 
is  announced  as  the  ancestor  of  the  Deliverer  of 
man,  and  from  all  the  numerous  descendants  of 
Judah,  it  is  at  length  predicted  that  the  Messiah 
shall  spring  from  the  line  of  David.  By  these  grad- 
ual revelations,  the  providence  of  God  perpetually 
kept  up  the  attention,  and  preserved  the  faith  of 
man  in  the  expected  Mediator  ;  and  the  prophecy 
of  Jacob  was  eminently  useful  to  strengthen  the 
faitli  of  the  Israelites  in  that  gloomy  season  of  bon- 
dage and  distress,  which  beo-an  after  the  death  of 
Joseph,  and  continued  till  the  Exodus. 


u  See  Is.  28.  16. 


vGe.  17.  1.&35 
11.  De.  33.  13. 


128  DEATH  OF  JACOB.  [Period  II. 

^6  "  Dan  shall  judge  his  people, 
As  one  of  the  tribes  of  Israel. 
^"^  Dan  shall  be  a  serpent  by  the  way, 
*^  """"^  An  "adder  in  the  path,  that  biteth  the  horse  heels, 

So  that  his  rider  shall  fall  backward. 
pF^^^^.\^:^  ^^  "I  ''have  waited  for  thy  salvation,  O  Lord  ! 

119.166,1/4.  in,,^  r  1      11  1- 

Is. 25.9.  1^  "Gad,  'a  troop  shall  overcome  him  ; 

''tiafif:^^^'       But  he  shall  overcome  at  the  last. 
rDe.33.24.  Jos.  20  u  Q^^  ^f  '^^sHER  his  bread  shall  bc  fat, 

^^'~'*'  And  he  shall  yield  royal  dainties. 

5De.33.23.  21  u  JVaphtali  'is  a  hind  let  loose  ; 

He  giveth  goodly  words. 

2-  "  Joseph  is  a  fruitful  bough, 
Even  a  fruitful  bough  by  a  well ; 
f  Heb.  daughters.       Wliose  tbranchcs  run  over  the  wall. 
*&39^V'ps.'^'  ~^  '^^^^  archers  have  'sorely  grieved  him, 
118.13.  And  shot  at  him,  and  hated  him  ; 

2^  But  his  bow  abode  in  strength. 

And  the  arms  of  his  hands  were  made  strong 

By  the  hands  of  the  Mighty  God  of  Jacob  ; 

(From  "thence  is  the  Shepherd,  the  Stone  of  Israel :) 

25  Even  by  the  God  of  thy  father,  who  shall  help  thee ; 
And  by  "the  Almighty,  who  shall  bless  thee 
With  blessings  of  heaven  above. 
Blessings  of  the  deep  that  heth  under. 
Blessings  of  the  breasts,  and  of  the  womb. 

26  The  blessings  of  thy  father  have  prevailed 
Above  the  blessings  of  my  progenitors 
Unto  "the  utmost  bound  of  the  everlasting  hills. 
They  ""shall  be  on  the  head  of  Joseph, 
And  on  the   crown  of  the  head  of  him  that  was  separate  from  his 

2^  "  Benjamin  "shall  raven  as  a  wolf:  [brethren. 

In  the  morning  he  shall  devour  the  prey, 
And  ""at  night  he  shall  divide  the  spoil." 

2®  All  these  are  the  twelve  tribes  of  Israel ;  and  this  is  it  that  their 

father  spake  unto  them,  and  blessed  them,  every  one  according  to  his 

blessing  he  blessed   them.  2^  And   he  charged  them,  and   said   unto 

o2Sa.  19.37.      them,  "  I  am  to  be  gathered  unto  my  people  ;  "bury  me  with  my  fathers 

6Ge.5o.  13.        b^^  ^j^g  ^.^yg  tl^a,t  is  in  the   field   of  Ephron  the  Hittite,  ^°  in  the  cave 

that  is  in  the  field  of  Machpelah,  which   is  before  Mam  re,  in  the  land 

c  Go.  23. 16.        ^^  Canaan,  'which  Abraham  bought  with  the  field  of  Ephron  the  Hit- 

''^!"9^'  ^^'  ^     tite  for  a  possession  of  a  burying-place.    ^^  There  ''they  buried  Abra- 

eGe.35.29.        ham  and  Sarah  his  wife  ;  'there   they   buried  Isaac  and  Rebekah  his 

wife ;  and  there  I  buried  Leah.  ^-  The  purchase  of  the  field  and   of 

the  cave  that  is  therein  was  from  the  children  of  Heth." 

fc.o..  46. 4.  33  ^j^^  when  Jacob  had  made  an  end  of  commanding   his  sons,  he 

gathered  up  his  feet  into  the  bed,  and  yielded  up  the  ghost,  and  was 

gathered  unto  his  people.  ^  And  Joseph  •'fell  upon  his  father's  face,  and 

wept  upon  him,  and  kissed  him. 

SECT.   II. 

A.  jvhisis.  Section  IT. — Funeral  of  Jacob  ; — Death  of  Joseph. 

B.  C.  1689.  Gen.  1.  2,  to  the  end. 

Hales,  1792.  y^,^  mourning  for  Jacob.     A,  Joseph  getteth  leave  of  Pharaoh  to  go  to  bury  him.     1  The  funeral. 

Egypt-  15  Joseph  comforteth  his  brethren,  who  craved  his  pardon.     22  His  age.     23  He  seeth  the  third 

generation  of  Ms  sons.     Sli  He   prophesieih  unto  his  brethren  of  their  return.     23  He  taketh  an 

a  2  Ch.  16.  14.  oath  of  them  for  his  bones.     26  He  dieth  and  is  embalmed. 

i.'lu.*24.k  ^^'       ^  And  Joseph  commanded  his  servants  the  physicians  "to  embalm  his 
John  19.  39,  40.  fj^^j-^g^ ;  and  the  physicians   embalmed   Israel.  ^  And  forty  days  were 


toDe 
3.6. 

.33, 

.15. 

Ha. 

xDe. 

33. 

16. 

yJu. 

20. 

21, 

25. 

z  Nu. 

23. 

24, 

Part  VI.]  FUNERAL  OF  JACOB— DEATH  OF  JOSEPH.  129 

fulfilled  for  him  ;  for  so  are  fulfilled  the  days  of  those  which  are  em- 

*  [leb.  7cppt.  balmed  :  and  the  Egyptians  *mourned  for  him  threescore  and  ten 
days. 

6  Est.  4.2.  '^  And  'when  the  days  of  his  mourning  were  past,  Joseph  spake  unto 

the  house  of  Pharaoh,  saying,  "  If  now  I  have  found  grace  in  your 

c  Go.  47.29.  gygg^  speak,  I  pray  you,  in  the  ears  of  Pharaoh,  saying,  ^'  My  'father 
made  me  swear,  saying,  Lo,  I  die  ;  in  my  grave  which  I  have  digged 
for  me  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  there  shalt  thou  bury  me.'  Now  there- 
fore let  me  go  up,  I  pray  thee,  and  bury  my  father,  and  I  will  come 
again."  ^  And  Pharaoh  said,  "  Go  up,  and  bury  thy  father,  according 
as  he  made  thee  swear." 

dEc.  12.7.  7  ^f,j  Joseph  went  up  to  ''bury  his  father  ;  and  with   him  went  up 

all  the  servants  of  Pharaoh,  the  elders  of  his  house,  and  all  the  elders 
of  the  land  of  Egypt,  ^  and  all  the  house  of  Joseph,  and  his  brethren, 
and  his  father's  house  ;  only  their  little  ones,  and  their  flocks,  and 
their  herds,  they  left  in  the  land  of  Goshen.  ^  And  there  went  up  with 
him  both  chariots  and  horsemen  ;  and  it  was  a  very  great  company. 
^°  And  they  came  to  the  threshingfloor  of  Atad,  which  is  beyond  Jor- 

cAc. 8. 2.  (Jan,  and  there  'they  mourned  with  a  great  and  very  sore  lamentation; 

■^job  2  «■  ^^'  "^^"^  ^^®  made  a  mourning  for  his  father  seven  days.  ^^  And  when  the 
inhabitants  of  the  land,  the  Canaanites,  saw  the  mourning  in  the  floor 
of  Atad,  they  said,  "  This  is  a  grievous  mourning  to  the  Egyptians  ;  " 

t  Tiiat  is,  «/te       wherefore  the  name  of  it  was  called  tAbel-mizraim,  which  is  beyond 

^typJt'afs."  ""   Jordan.  ^~  And  his  sons  did  unto  him  according  as   he   commanded 

sAc.  7.  iG.         them  ;  ^^  for  "his  sons  carried  him  into  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  buried 

ft  Ge.  23. 16.  i^ij^^  in  the  cave  of  the  field  of  Machpelah,  which  ''Abraham  bought 
with  the  field  for  a  possession  of  a  burying-place  of  Ephron  the  Hittite, 
before  Mamre. 

^'*  And  Joseph  returned  into  Egypt,  he  and  his  brethren,  and  all 
that  went  up  with  him  to  bury  his  lather,  after  he  had  buried  his 
father. 

i  Job  15. 20.  i^And  when  Joseph's  'brethren  saw  that  their  father  was  dead,  they 

said,  "  Joseph  will  peradventure  hate  us,  and  will  certainly  requite  us 

X  Heh.  charged,  all  the  cvil  which  we  did  unto  him."  ^^  And  they  Isent  a  messenger 
unto  Joseph,  saying,  "  Thy  father  did  command  before  he  died,  say- 
ing, "  '  So  shall  ye  say   unto  Joseph,  Forgive,  I  pray  thee  now,  the 

jPr.  28. 13.  trespass  of  thy  brethren,  and  their  sin,  ^for  they  did  unto  thee  evil ;  and 
now,  we  pray  thee,  forgive  the  trespass  of  the  servants  of  the  God  of 
thy  father,"  And  Joseph  wept  when  they  spake  unto  him.  ^^  And  his 

k  Ge.  37. 7, 10.  ^brethren  also  went  and  fell  down  before  his  face  ;  and  they  said, 
"  Behold  we  be  thy  servants!  "   '^  And  Joseph  said  unto  them,  "  Fear 

iGe.45. 5. De.     'not ;  for  am  I  in  the  place  of  God?  ^°  But  as  for  you,  ye  thought 
evil  against  me  ;  but    God  meant  it  unto  good,  to  bring  to  pass,  as  it 
is  this  day,  to  save  much  people  alive.  ^^  Now  therefore  fear  ye  not ; 
"I  will  nourish  you,  and  your  httle  ones."  And   he  comforted   them, 
'l,"^' 0^34  3   ^"^  spake  *kindly  unto  them. 

ien,u,  e.  .  .  ^^  ^^^^  Joscph  dwclt  iu  Egypt,  he,  and  his  father's  house  ;  and  Joseph 
lived  an  hundred  and  ten  years.  -^  And  Joseph  saw  Ephraim's  chil- 
dren °of  the  third  generation  ;  the  children  also  of  Machir  the  son  of 

p  Ge.  15. 14.  Ex.  Mauassch  were  tbrought  up  upon  Joseph's  knees.  ^'^  And  Joseph  said 
3^ le,  17.  He.  11.  ^^^^  j^.g  brethren,  "  I  die  ;  and  ^'God  will  surely  visit  you,  and  bring 

'&  26^  3  &  35  y^"  ^^^  ^^  ^'^^^  '^"^  ""^^^  '*^'^^  '^"^  which  he  sware  to  Abraham,  to 
Isaac,  and  to  Jacob."  ^^  And  '^Joseph  took  an  oath  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  saying,  "  God  will  surely  visit  you,  and  ye  shall  carry  up  my 
A.  M.  2369.  bones  from  hence."  ^^  So  Joseph  died,  being  an  hundred  and  ten  years 
H^Ai.B9,\^7^2.     old  ;  and  they  embalmed  him,  and  he  was  put  in  a  cofiin  in  Egypt. 

VOL.  I.  n 


32.  35.  Ro.  12. 

19. 
m  Ge.  45.  7.  Ac. 

3.  13,  &c. 
11  Mat.  5.  44,  &c 


9  .Job  42.  16 
f  Heb.  boni. 


12. 
r  Ex.  13.  19.  Jos. 
24.  32.  Ac.  7.  16. 


130  THE  BIRTH  AND  EARLY  LIFE  OF  MOSES.      [Period  HI. 

SECT   III  Section  III. — Oppression  of  the  Israelites  after  the  Death  of  Joseph. 
EsoD.  i. 


A.  M.  2547. 


The  children  of  Israel,  after  Joseph's  death,  do  multiply.     8  The  more  they  are  oppressed  hy  a  ■ 


1457.'  '^'"C'  '''*  """■*'  "'^^  multiply.     15  Tlie  ffodliness  o/tlw  midicires,  in  saving  the  men  children  alive. 


Hales,  1728. 


*  Heb.  thig 
46.  26,  27, 


haraoh  commamleth  the  male  children  to  be  cast  into  the  , 

Egypt  1  ]>jo^v  "these  are  the  names  of  the   children  of  Israel,  which  came 

into  Egypt ;  every  man  and  his  household  came  with  Jacob.  ^  Reuben, 
Simeon,  Levi,  and  Judah,  ^  Issachar,  Zebulun,  and  Benjamin,  "*  Dan, 
and  Naphtali,  Gad,  and  Asher.  ^  And  all  the  souls  that  came  out  of 
the  *loins  of  Jacob  were  seventy  souls  ;  for  Joseph  was  in  Egypt  al- 
ready. ^  And  Joseph  died,  and  all  his  brethren,  and  all  that  generation, 
6  Ge.  46^^3.  De.         7  ^,^(j  ifj^g  children  of  Israel  were  fruitful,  and  increased  abundantly, 
24!  Ac.  7. 17.'     and  multiplied,  and  waxed  exceeding  mighty;  and  the  land  was  filled 
cAc.  7. 18.         with  them.  ^  Now  there  'arose  up  a  new  king  over    Egypt,    which 
knew  not  Joseph.  ^  And  he  said  unto  his  people,  "  Behold,  the  people 
djobs.  13.  Ps.     of  the  children  of  Israel  are  more  and  mightier  than  we  !  ^°  Come  "on, 
4!'&"io5. 25.  Pr.  let  US  deal  wisely  with  them  ;  lest  they  multiply,  and  it  come  to  pass, 
16. 25.  &  21.30.  ^j^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  falleth  out  any  war,  they  join  also  unto  our  enemies, 
and  fight  against  us,  and  so  get  them  up  out  of  the  land."  ^^  Therefore 
«Ge.i5.  IX  Ex.  ti^ey  (lid  set  over  them  taskmasters  'to  afflict  them  with  their  burdens. 
fcl.^i.n.''      And  they  built  for  Pharaoh  treasure  cities,  Pithom    -^and  Raamses. 
]Ueh.^ndas      1^  fBut  the  morc  they  afflicted  them,  the  more  they  multiplied  and 
^Jln"^o'aiij       grew.  And  they  were  grieved  because  of  the  children  of  Israel.  ^^  And 
muiupued,  src.     ^^^  Egyptians  made  the  children  of  Israel  to  serve  with  rigor.  ^^  And 
^Ex.6.9.  Nu.     they  "^made  their  fives  bitter  with  hard  bondage,  in  mortar,  and  in 
20. 15. Ac. 7. 19.  j^^..^j^^  ^j^j  j^    ^jj  j^jjj^j^gj.  of  service  in   the  field;  all    their  service, 

wherein  they  made  them  serve,  was  with  rigor. 

1^  And  the  king  of  Egypt  spake  to  the  Hebrew  midwives,  of  which 

the  name  of  the  one  was  Shiphrah,  and  the  name  of  the  other  Puah. 

^^  And  he  said,  "  When  ye  do  the  office  of  a  midwife  to  the  Hebrew 

women,  and  see  them  upon  the  stools,  if  it  be  a  son,  then  ye  shall  kill 

him  ;  but  if  it  be  a  daughter,  then  she  shall  live."  ^^  But  the  midwives 

APr.  16.6.  Ac.5.  /"feared  God,  and  did  not  as  the  king  of  Egypt  commanded  them,  but 

^'  saved  the  men  children  alive.  ^^  And  the  king  of  Egypt  called  for  the 

midwives,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Why  have  ye  done  this  thing,  and 

have  saved  the  men  children   alive  ?  "  ^^  And  the   midwives  said  unto 

Pharaoh,  "  Because  tJie  Hebrew  women  are  not  as  the  Egyptian  women ; 

'f2.iV.'3.^io^He:  for  they  are  hvely,  and  are  delivered  ere  the  midwives  come  in  unto 

•  sel°i  sa  2  35    t^cm."  2"  Therefore  *God  dealt  well  wnth  the  midwives  ;  and  the  peo- 

•'lla.V  n,27,'  pie  multiplied,  and  waxed  very  mighty.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  because 

f'A!^i%!!'    the  midwives  feared  God,  nhat  he  made  them  houses.  22  And  Pharaoh 

charged  all  his  people,  saying,  "  Every  *^son  that  is  born  ye  shall  cast 

into  the  river,  and  every  daughter  ye  shall  save  alive." 


127.  1. 
k  Ac.  7.  19. 


PART  I. 


PERIOD    III. 

FROM  THE  BIRTH  TO  THE  DEATH  OF  MOSES. 


PART    I. 

^[c.'^im.  THE  BIRTH   AND   E.\RLY   LIFE   OF   MOSES. 

Hales,  1722.  EsoD.  ii. 

Egypt.  Moses  is  born,  3  ami  in  an  ark  cast  into  the  flass.    .'J  He  is  fonnd,  and  brought  vp  by  Pharaoh's 

dauohter.     11  He  slayeth  an  Egyptian.    "13  He  reproveth  a  Hebrew.     15  He  feeth  into  Midian. 

21  He  marrieth  Zipporah.     22  Gershom  is  born.     23  God  respecteth  the  Israelites'  cry. 

"2! .^59.' ? ch^"23.  ^  AND  there  went  "a  man  of  the  house  of  Levi,  and  took  to  wife  a 
i  Ac  7  20  H.^  daughter  of  Levi.  -  And  the  woman  conceived,  and  bare  a  son  ;  ^and 
u%:  ~  '    ""     when  she  saw  him   that  he  was  a  goodly  child,  she  hid  him  three 


Part  I.] 


BIRTH  AND  EARLY  LIFE  OP  MOSES. 


m 


a  Or,  soe,  or, 
know. — Ed. 


d  Ac.  7.  21. 

*  That  is,  drawn 

e  Ac.  7.  23,  24. 
He.  U.  24-26. 
/Ex.  1.  11. 

A.  M.  2473. 

B.  C.  1551. 
Hales,  1688. 

g  Ac.  7.  24,  &c. 


t  Heb.  a 
■prince. 


h  Ac.  7.  29.  Heb. 

11.  27. 
X  Or,  prince,  as 

Ge.  41.  45.  see 

Ex.  3.  1. 
JGe.24.  11. 

j  Na.  10.  29.  Ra- 
guel,  called  also 
Jethru,  or  Jct/ier, 
Ex.  3.  I.  &  4.  18. 
&  18.  l,&c. 

k  1  Pe.  4.  9.  IHat. 
7.  12. 

*  That  is,  a 
stranger  here. 
Ex.  18.  3. 

I  Ex.  7.  7. 

m  Nu.  20.  16.  De. 
23.  7.  Ps.  12.  5. 

n  Ex.  5.  9.  Job 
34.  28. 

o  Ex.  6.  5. 

p  Ge.  15.  14. 

q  Ex.  4.  31. 

t  Heb.  knew. 


PS.  LXXXVIII. 


*  Or,  of. 

a  i.  e.  the  harp, 

or,  pipe  for  the 

afflicted.— E(i. 
t  Or,  ./S  Psafm 

ofHrnmn  the 

Ezrahitr,  giving 

instruction. 
a  1  Ki.  4.  31. 

1  Ch.  2.  6.  &  6. 

33.  &  15.  19. 
b  Lu.  18.  7. 


months.  ^  And  when  she  could  not  longer  hide  him,  she  took  for  him 
an  ark  of  bulrushes,  and  daubed  it  with  slime  and  with  pitch,  and 
put  the  child  therein  ;  and  she  laid  it  in  the  flags  by  the  river's  brink. 
^  And  ''his  sister  stood  afar  off,  to  '^wit  what  would  be  done  to  him. 

^  And  the  daughter  of  Pharaoh  came  down  to  wash  herself  at  the 
river  ;  and  her  maidens  walked  along  by  the  river's  side  ;  and  when 
she  saw  the  ark  among  the  flags,  she  sent  her  maid  to  fetch  it.  ^  And 
when  she  had  opened  it,  she  saw  the  child  ;  and,  behold,  the  babe  wept ! 
And  she  had  compassion  on  him,  and  said,  "  This  is  one  of  the  He- 
brews' children."  ''  Then  said  his  sister  to  Pharaoh's  daughter,  "  Shall 
I  go  and  call  to  thee  a  nurse  of  the  Hebrew  women,  that  she  may 
nurse  the  child  for  thee?"  ^And  Pharaoh's  daughter  said  to  her, 
"  Go."  And  the  maid  went  and  called  the  child's  mother.  ^  And 
Pharaoh's  daughter  said  unto  her,  "  Take  this  child  away,  and  nurse 
it  for  me,  and  I  will  give  thee  thy  wages."  And  the  woman  took  the 
child,  and  nursed  it.  ^^  And  the  child  grew,  and  she  brought  him  unto 
"^Pharaoh's  daughter,  and  he  became  her  son.  And  she  called  his  name 
*Moses  ;  and  she  said,  "  Because  I  drew  him  out  of  the  water." 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  those  days,  "when  Moses  was  grown,  that 
he  went  out  unto  his  brethren,  and  looked  on  ■'^their  burdens  ;  and  he 
spied  an  Egyptian  smiting  a  Hebrew,  one  of  his  brethren.  ^^And  he 
looked  this  way  and  that  way,  and  when  he  saw  that  there  was  no 
man,  ^he  slew  the  Egyptian,  and  hid  him  in  the  sand.  ^^  And  when 
he  went  out  the  second  day,  behold,  two  men  of  the  Hebrews  strove 
together ;  and  he  said  to  him  that  did  the  wrong,  "  Wherefore  smitest 
thou  thy  fellow  ?  "  '^  And  he  said,  "  Who  made  thee  fa  prince  and  a 
judge  over  us  ?  intendest  thou  to  kill  me,  as  thou  killedst  the  Egyp- 
tian? "     And  Moses  feared,  and  said,  "  Surely  this  thing  is  known." 

1^  Now  when  Pharaoh  heard  this  thing,  he  sought  to  slay  Moses.  But 
''Moses  fled  from  the  face  of  Pharaoh,  and  dwelt  in  the  land  of 
Midian  ;  and  he  sat  down  by  a  well.  ^^  Now  the  tpriest  of  Midian  had 
seven  daughters  ;  'and  they  came  and  drew  water,  and  filled  the 
troughs  to  water  their  father's  flock.  ^''  And  the  shepherds  came  and 
drove  them  away ;  but  Moses  stood  up  and  helped  them,  and  watered 
their  flock.  ^^  And  when  they  came  to  ^Reuel  their  father,  he  said, 
"  How  is  it  that  ye  are  come  so  soon  to-day  ?  "  ^^  And  they  said,  "  An 
Egyptian  delivered  us  out  of  the  hand  of  the  shepherds,  and  also  drew 
water  enough  for  us,  and  watered  the  flock."  ^"  And  he  said  unto  his 
daughters,  "  And  where  is  he  ?  *why  is  it  that  ye  have  left  the  man  ? 
call  him,  that  he  may  eat  bread."  ~^  And  Moses  was  content  to  dwell 
with  the  man  ;  and  he  gave  Moses  Zipporah  his  daughter.  ^^  And  she 
bare  him  a  son,  and  he  called  his  name  *Gershom  ;  for  he  said,  "  I 
have  been  a  stranger  in  a  strange  land." 

^^  And  it  'came  to  pass  in  process  of  time,  that  the  king  of  Egypt 
died  :  and  the  children  of  Israel  '"sighed  by  reason  of  the  bondage, 
and  they  cried,  and  "their  cry  came  up  unto  God  by  reason  of  the 
bondage.  ^^  And  God  "heard  their  groaning,  and  God  remembered  his 
''covenant  with  Abraham,  with  Isaac,  and  with  Jacob.  ^^And  God 
'looked  upon  the  children  of  Israel,  and  God  thad  respect  unto  them. 

PSALM    LXXXVIII. 

A  Prayer  containing  a  grievous  complaint. 

A  Song  or  Psalm  *for  the  sons  of  Korah,  to  the  chief  Musician  upon  ^Mahalath  Leannoth,  fMaschil 

of ''HeiTian(')  the  Ezrahite. 

^  O  Lord  God  of  my  salvation ! 
I  ''have  cried  day  and  night  before  thee ; 


{})  Lightfoot  supposes,  that  Heman  who  com- 
posed the  eighty-eighth  Psahn,  and  Heman  the  shig- 
er  (1  Chro.  vi.  33.),  were  not  the  same  person.     The 


former  was  the  immediate  son  of  Gerah,  the  de- 
scendant of  Judah,  and  lived  in  Egypt,  during  the 
time  of  the  affliction  of  the  Israelites,  (1  Chron.  ii. 


132  LEGATION  OF  MOSES.  [Period  HI. 

2  Let  my  prayer  come  before  thee, 
Incline  thine  ear  unto  my  cry. 

2  For  my  soul  is  full  of  troubles ; 
And  my  life  draweth  nigh  unto  the  grave, 
c  Ps.  28. 1.  4  J  -^g^jj^  counted  with  them  that  go  down  into  the  pit ; 

d  Ps.  31. 12.  I  ''am  as  a  man  that  hath  no  strength  ; 

^  Free  among  the  dead, 
Like  the  slain  that  lie  in  the  grave, 
Whom  thou  rememberest  no  more  ; 
t  oi,  by  thy  hand.       And  they  are  cut  off  Ifrom  thy  hand. 
^  Thou  hast  laid  me  in  the  lowest  pit, 

In  darkness — in  the  deeps. 
■^  Thy  wrath  Ueth  hard  upon  me, 

And  'thou  hast  afflicted  me  with  all  thy  waves.     Selah ! 
^  Thou  -^hast  put  away  mine  acquaintance  far  from  me  ; 
Thou  hast  made  me  an  abomination  unto  them  ; 
I  ^am  shut  up,  and  I  cannot  come  forth. 
^  Mine  ''eye  mourneth  by  reason  of  affliction  ; 
Lord,  *I  have  called  daily  upon  thee, 
I  ^have  stretched  out  my  hands  unto  thee. 
^^  Wilt  *thou  show  wonders  to  the  dead  ? 

Shall  the  dead  arise  and  praise  thee  ?     Selah ! 
1'  Shall  thy  lovingkindness  be  declared  in  the  grave? 

Or  thy  faithfulness  in  destruction  ? 
^2  Shall  thy  wonders  be  known  in  the  dark  ? 
/  Ec.  9. 5.  An(j  i^i^y  righteousness  in  the  land  of  forgetfulness  ? 

^^  But  unto  thee  have  I  cried,  O  Lord  ! 
7nP8.5.3.  &119.       And  "'in  the  morning  shall  my  prayer  prevent  thee. 
„Ps;43.2.  ^^LoRD,  "why  castest  thou  off  my  soul? 

0 Job  13. 24.  Why  "hidest  thou  thy  face  from  me? 

^^  I  am  afflicted  and  ready  to  die  from  my  youth  up ; 
p  Job  6. 4.  While  I  suffer  ''thy  terrors  I  am  distracted. 

^^  Thy  fierce  wrath  goeth  over  me ; 
Thy  terrors  have  cut  me  off. 
*  Or,  all  the  day.    17  They  cauic  rouud  about  me  *daily  like  water  ; 
g  See  Ps.  ^.  16.        They  'couipasscd  me  about  together, 
r  Job  19. 13.        18  Lover  '^and  friend  hast  thou  put  far  from  me, 
And  mine  acquaintance  into  darkness. 


ePs.  42 

7. 

/Job  19 

13,  19. 

g  Job  3. 

23. 

AP8.38 

10. 

I  Ps.  86. 

3. 

j  Job  11 

13. 

k  Ps.  6.  5.  &  30. 
9.  &  115.  17.  & 
118.  17.  Is.  38. 
18. 

Midian. 


PART  II.  P  A  R  T     I  I  . 

^   ~.,3  LEGATION    OF    MOSES. 

B.  c.  1491.  ExoD.  iii.  and  iv.  1-28. 

IIale3,  1648.       ji/o^ps  kefpeth  Jethro's  flock.    2  God  appeareth  to  him  in  a  burning  bush.    9  He  sendeth  him  to  deliver 

Israel.    U  The  name  of  God.    15  His  message  to  Israel.  — Chap.  \v.  1  Moses's  rod  is  turned  into 

a  serpent.  6  His  hand  is  leprous.  10  He  is  loath  to  be  sent.  14  Aaron  is  appointed  to  as.tist  him. 
18  Moses  departeth  from  Jethro.  21  God's  message  to  Pharaoh.  24  Zipjiorah  circumciseth  her 
son.     27  Aaron  is  sent  to  meet  3Ioses. 

'  NOW  Moses  kept  the  flock  of  "Jethro  his  father-in-law,  the  priest 
of  Midian  ;  and  he  led  the  flock  to  the  backside  of  the  desert,  and 
came  to  the  mountain  of  God,  even  to  Horeb.  -And  Hhe  Angel  of  the 
Lord'"'  appeared  unto  him  in  a  flame  of  fire  out  of  the  midst  of  a  bush  ; 


6.)  Witsius  differs  from  Lightfoot  in  this  opinion ;  kind,  which  were  penned  by  the  Israehtes  in  this 
and  many  of  the  commentators  suppose  the  Psalm  mournful  period  of  suffering  and  distress.— Light- 
to  have  been  written  during  the  Babylonish  captivity,  foot's  JVorks,  vol.  i.  p.  23,  70,  099  ;  Witsius,  Misc. 
But  we  do  not  read  that  any  of  the  name  of  Heman  Sac.  p.  170,  &c. ;  Dr.  Wells's  Commentary,  vol.  m. 
flourished  at  that  time,  ami  the  Psalm   is  therefore  in  loc. 

inserted  here,  as  well  on  the  authority  of  Lightfoot,  {^)  After  the  death  of  Joseph,  and  of  the  patri- 

who  repeatedly  asserts  this  to  be   its   proper   place,  archs,  the  Israelites  began  to  depart  from  the  v^'or- 

as  from  its  internal  evidence,  and  the   probable   al-  ship  of  the  God  of  their  fathers.     Many  of  them 

lusion  (Exod.  ii.  23.)  to  some  compositions  of  this  were  contaminated  by  the  idolatry  of  Egypt,  (Josh. 


Part  IL]  LEGATION  OF  MOSES.  133 

and  he  looked,  and,  behold,  the  bush  burned  with  fire,  and  the  bush 

was  not  consumed.  ^And  Moses  said,  "I  will  now  turn  aside,  and  see 

Ps.  in.2.         ii^i^,  "great  sight,  why  the  bush  is  not  burnt."  ''And  when   tlie  Lord 

saw  that  he  turned  aside  to  see,  God  called  unto  him  out  of  the  midst 

of  the  bush,  and  said,  "  Moses  !  Moses  !  "     And  he   said,  "  Here  am 

rf^jos_.  5. 15.  Ac.    j_5>  5  And  he  said,  "  Draw  not  nigh  hither  ;  ''put  oft'  thy  shoes  from  oft' 

thy  feet,  for  the  place  whereon  thou  standest  is  holy  ground."  ^  More- 

'•^^sfMa.  la!'"  over  he  said,  "  I  'am  the  God  of  thy  father,  the  God  of  Abraham,  the 

26.  Ac. 7. 32.     (}q([  of  Isaac,  and  the  God  of  Jacob."  And  Moses  -^hid  his  face;  for 

/soiKi.  19. 13.   he  was  afraid  to  look  upon  God. 

/ex!  al'a^,  24.         ^  ^^^^  the  Lord  said,  "  I  °liave  surely  seen  the  affliction  of  my  peo- 
'^44' Ac^/si^^*^'  P^^  which  are  in  Egypt,  and  have  heard  their  cry  ''by  reason  of  their 
AEx.  1. 11.         taskmasters;  for  I   know  their   sorrows;  ^and'I  am  come   down  to 
^6'^6l'*'&^l2^5i   <^6li^6*'  them  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Egyptians,  and  to  bring  them  up 
;Ex.'i3. 5.  i^33.  out  of  that  land  ^unto  a  good  land  and  a  large,  unto  a   land   flowing 
1" 25"'& s^y-^"'  ^^th  milk  and   honey;  unto   the   place  of  *the  Canaanites,  and  the 
^26. 9,15.  Je.    Hittites,  and  the  Amorites,  and  the  Perizzites,  and  the  Hivites,  and 
Ez.  20. 6."  ~'    the  Jebusites.  ^  Now  therefore,  behold,  'the  cry  of  the  children  of  Israel 
z  fe  '1^23^         is  come  unto  me ;  and  I  have  also  seen  '"the  oppression  wherewith 
m  Ex.i.  n,  13,     the  Egyptians  oppress  them.  ^'^  Come  "now  therefore,  and  I  will  send 
nti^'e  4  *'^®®  ^"^^  Pharaoh,  that  thou  mayest  bring  forth  my  people  the  chil- 

dren of  Israel  out  of  Egypt." 
"J^is'je' l^t        ^^  ^"^  Moses  said  unto  God,  "  Who  "am  I,  that  I  should  go  unto 
Mat.  5. 5.          Pharaoh,  and  that  I  should  bring  forth  the  children  of  Israel  out  of 

Egypt  ?  " 
^.'?*?.'23.^jo;.°i!'5.       ^^  And  he  said,  "  Certainly  ^I  will  be  with  thee  ;  and   this  shall  be 
Ro.  8. 31.  a.  token   unto   thee,  that  I  have  sent  thee  :   When  thou  hast  brought 

forth  the  people  out  of  Egypt,  ye  shall  serve  God  upon  this  mountain.'' 
^■^  And  Moses  said  unto  God,  "  Behold,  when  I  come  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  and  shall  say  unto  them.  The  God  of  your  fathers  hath 
sent  me  unto  you  ;  and  they  shall  say  to  me,  What  is  his  name  ? 
what  shall  I  say  unto  them  ?  " 

^*  And  God  said  unto   Moses,  "  I  am  that  I  am  ; "  and  he  said, 

'8^58.^2^co.°i"    "  Thus  shalt  thou  say  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  I  'am  hath  sent  me 

Re  "''■4^^'  ^      ""to  you."  ^^  And  God   said  moreover  unto  Moses,  "  Thus  shalt  thou 

say  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  The  Lord  God  of  your  fathers,  the 

God  of  Abraham,  the  God  of  Isaac,  and  the  God  of  Jacob,  hath  sent 

r  Ps.  135. 13.  Ho.  mo  uuto  you  ;  this  is  'my  name  for  ever,  and  this  is  my  memorial  unto 

all  generations.  ^^  Go,  and  gather  the  elders  of  Israel  together,  and 

say  unto  them.  The  Lord  God  of  your  fathers,  the  God  of  Abraham, 

s  Ge.  50. 24.        of  Isaac,  and  of  Jacob,  appeared  unto  me,  saying,  T  have  surely  visited 

you,  and  seen  that  which  is  done  to  you  in  Egypt ;  ^"^  and  I  have  said, 

t  Go.  15. 14,  16.    « I  'will  bring  you  up  out  of  the   affliction  of  Egypt  unto  the  land  of 

the  Canaanites,  and  the  Hittites,  and  the  Amorites,  and  the  Perizzites, 

and  the  Hivites,  and  the  Jebusites,  unto  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and 

xxiv.  14.    Ezek.  xx  8.) ;  others  had  neglected  cir-  pact,  that  the  prophet  who  should  declare   himself 

cumcision,(Josh.  V.9.) ;  and  some  had  intermarried  the  lawgiver  and  deliverer,  would  be  appointed  by 

with  the  Egyptians,  (Lev.  xxiv.  10.)     The  majority,  the  same  authority.     This  we  accordingly  find  to 

however,  had  not  forsaken   their  ancient  religion;  have    been   the    case.     Moses,   when    feeding   the 

and  in  this  period  of  distress  and  bondage,  by  which  flock  of  Jethro  at  Horeb,  observes  a  copse,  or  thicket, 

they  were   justly   punished,   they  cried    unto    the  burning  with  fire  ;  while  the  branches   and    leaves 

Lord.     The  time  of  the  fulfilment  of  the  promise  appeared  unconsumed  and  uninjured.     Astonished 

(Gen.  1.  24.)  drew  nigh,  and  "  The   Lord  remem-  at   the    phenomenon,  he    approaches   the    thicket, 

bered    his    covenant    with   Abraham,   Isaac,   and  The  Angel  Jehovah,  the    God   of  the  patriarchal 

Jacob."  dispensation,  was  seen  ;  and  Moses  receives  from 

The  Angel  Jehovah,  the  guardian  of  the  Church,  him  his  commission.     The  diffidence,  the  delay,  the 

had  frequently  appeared  to  the  patriarchs  ;  but  we  scruples  of  the  prophet,  are   overcome  by  miracu- 

have  no  account  of  his  manifesting  himself  after  lous  proofs  of  his  divine  legation  ;  which  at  the  same 

the  death  of  Jacob,  till  he  was  revealed  to  Moses  time  convince  him,  that,  by  his  means,  the  Israel- 

in  the  bush.     As  tliis  Divine  Being,  however,  had  ites  should  be  delivered  from  Egypt. — Lightfoot, 

uniformly  commissioned  the  patriarchs  to  preach  vol.  i.  p.  22;  Hales'  Jlnalysis,  vol.  ii.  p.  182;  Hora 

the  true  religion,  the   people  would  naturally  qx-  Mosaicm,  vol.  ii.  p.  99. 

VOL.   I.  L 


X  Ex.  7. 5.  &  9. 15. 


134  LEGATION  OF  MOSES.  [Perfod  III. 

« Ex.  4. 31.         honey.'  ^^And  "they  shall  hearken  to  thy  voice;  and  thou  shalt  come, 
thou  and  the  elders  of  Israel,  unto  the  king  of  Egypt,  and  ye  shall  say 
t;Nu.23.3,4,      unto  him.  The  LoRD  God   of  the  Hebrews   hath  "met  with    us;  and 
'    '  now  let  us  go,  we  beseech  thee,  three  days'  journey  into   the  wilder- 

ness, that  we  may  sacrifice  to  the  Lord  our  God.  ^-^  And  I  am  sure 
wEx.  5. 2.  &  7.  that  "the  king  of  Egypt  will  not  let  you  go,  *no,  not  by  a  mighty 
hand.  ^"  And  ""I  will  stretch  out  my  hand,  and  smite  Egypt  with  '•'all 
my  wonders  which  I  will  do  in  the  midst  thereof;  'and  after  that  he 
will  let  you  go.  -^  And  "I  will  give  this  people  favor  in  the  sight  of  the 
yEx.7. 3.  &.11.  Egyptians,  and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that,  when  ye  go,  ye  shall  not 
9.  UK  Ps.^ios*""  go  empty  ;  ^~  but  'every  woman  shall  borrow  of  her  neighbour,  and  of 
3L^.Ac'.7.'3«!  her  that  sojourneth  in  her  house,  jewels  of  silver,  and  jewels  of  gold, 
f  ul^"' '^"' '"  ^"^  raiment;  and  ye  shall  put  them  upon  your  sons,  and  upon  your 
zEx.  12.  31.       daughters,  and  "ye  shall  spoil  tthe  Egyptians." 

"36.%" le' 7?  ^^'       ^  ^"^  Moses  answered   and  said,  "  But,  behold,  they  will     exod.  iv. 
b  Ge.  15. 14.  Ex.   not  belicve  me,  nor  hearken  unto  my  voice  ;  for  they  will        1-2B. 
11.2.  Ps.  105.    g^y^  rpj^^  Lord  hath  not  appeared  unto  thee." 

cjob27. 13-17.  2  ^„(j  thg  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  What  is  that  in  thy  hand  ?  "  And 
tOt,  Egypt.  j^^  ^^.^j^  ^j  ^  rod."  ^  And  he  said,  "Cast  it  on  the  ground."  And  he 
cast  it  on  the  ground,  and  it  became  a  serpent ;  and  Moses  fled  from 
before  it.  '^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Put  forth  thy  hand, 
and  take  it  by  the  tail,"  (and  he  put  forth  his  hand,  and  caught  it, 
and  it  became  a  rod  in  his  hand  ;)  ^ "  that  they  may  believe  that  the 
Lord  God  of  their  fathers,  the  God  of  Abraham,  and  the  God  of  Isaac, 
and  the  God  of  Jacob,  hath  appeared  unto  thee." 

^  And   the  Lord  said  furthermore  unto  him,  "  Put   now  thy  hand 

into  thy  bosom."     And  he  put  his  hand   into  his  bosom  ;  and  when 

''5^27^&']5^5^''  '^^  ^^'^^  ^^  ^^^^  behold,  his  hand  was  ''leprous  as  snow  !  ''And  he  said, 

2Ch.'2(3. 19,  20.  "  Put  thy  hand  into  thy   bosom  again."     And  he  put  his  hand   into 

eNu.  12.  13, 14.    his  bosoiTi  again ;  and  plucked   it  out  of  his  bosom,  and,  behold,  'it 

8.  s'.' See  Job  5.''  was  tumod  again  as  his  other  flesh  !  ^"  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  if 

^^"  they  will  not  believe   thee,  neither   hearken   to  the  voice  of  the  first 

sign,  that  they  will  believe  the  voice  of  the  latter  sign.  ^  And  it  shall 

come  to   pass,  if  they  will  not  believe   also  these  two  signs,  neither 

hearken  unto  thy  voice,  that  thou  shalt  take  of  the  water  of  the  river, 

/Ex.7,  in.         and  pour  it  upon  the  dry  land  ;  and  -^the  water  which  thou  takest  out 

^l^a^.'hfii'ii'"'      ^^  th^  ^^^^^  tshall  become  blood  upon  the  dry  land." 

"  '  " "    °  1"^  And  Moses  said   unto   the   Lord,  "  O   my  Lord  !  t  am  not  *elo- 

quent,  neither  theretofore,  nor  since  thou  hast  spoken   unto  thy  ser- 

t^r^daij^'n^'iTnce  vaut :  but  "'I  am  slow  of  speech,  and  of  a  slow  tongue." 

/ExItfSe.i.       ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "Who  hath  made  man's  mouth? 

9. 2'oo.  11. 6.     o,.  who  maketh  the  dumb,  or  deaf,  or  the   seeing,  or  the  blind  ?   have 

A  19.50. 4. Mat.    not  I  the  Lord?  ^^Now  therefore  go,  and  ''I  will  be  with  thy  mouth, 

and  teach  thee  what  thou  shalt  say." 
isee  Jonah  1. 3.        13  ^^^^  j-^g  g^id,  "  O  my  Lord  !  'send,  I  pray  thee,  by  the  hand  of  him 
X  Or, , honidc.it.     whom  thou  Iwilt  send." 

'^  And  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against  Moses,  and  he 
said,  "Is  not  Aaron  the  Levite  thy  brother?  I  know  that  he  can 
speak  well.  And  also,  behold,  he  cometh  forth  to  meet  thee ;  and 
;Kx.7. 1,'.'.  when  he  seoth  thee,  he  will  be  glad  in  his  heart.  ^^And  'thou  shalt 
speak  unto  him,  and  put  words  in  his  mouth  ;  and  I  will  be  with  thy 
mouth,  and  with  his  mouth,  and  will  teach  you  what  ye  shall  do.  ^'^  And 
he  shall  be  tfiy  spokesman  unto  the  people  ;  and  he  shall  be,  even  he 
shall  be  to  thee  instead  of  a  mouth,  and  thou  shalt  be  to  him  instead 
of  God.  1^  And  thou  shalt  take  this  rod  in  thy  hand,  wherewith  thou 
shalt  do  signs. "^^' 


*  Heb.  a  man  of 
words. 
f  Heb.  since  yes- 


(3)  Moses  was  the  first   teacher   of  religion   to     liave  been  granted.     The  patriarchal  dispensation 
whom  the  power  of  working  miracles  appears  to     was  of  divine  appointment;  but  Moses  was  now 


Part  III.] 


MOSES  IS  ACKNOWLEDGED  BY  THE  ISRAELITES. 


135 


A:  Ex.  2.  15,  23. 
Mat.  2.  20. 


I  Ex.  17.  9.  Nu. 

20.  8,  9. 


771  Ex.  7.  13.  &  9. 

12,  35.  &  10.  1. 

&  14.  8.  De.  2. 

30.  Jos.  11.  20. 

Is.  63.  17.  John 

12.  40.  Ro.  9.  16. 
n  Je.  31.  9.  Ho. 

11.  1.  Ro.  9.  4. 

2  Co.  (3.  IS.  Ja. 

1.  18. 
0  Ex.  12.  29. 
p  Nu.  22.  22. 
g  Ge.  17.  14. 
t  Or,  knife.  Jos.  5. 

2,3. 
J  Heb.  made  it 

toucli. 


^^  And  Moses  went  and  returned  to  *Jethro  his  father-in-law,  and 
said  unto  him,  "  Let  me  go,  I  pray  thee,  and  return  unto  my  brethren 
which  are  in  Egypt,  and  see  whether  they  be  yet  ahve."  And  Jethro 
said  to  Moses,  "  Go  in  peace."  ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses  in 
Midian,  "  Go,  return  into  Egypt ;  for  ^all  the  men  are  dead  which  sought 
thy  hfe."  ~^  And  Moses  took  his  wife  and  his  sons,  and  set  them  upon 
an  ass,  and  he  returned  to  the  land  of  Egypt ;  and  Moses  took  'the 
rod  of  God  in  his  hand.  ~^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  When 
thou  goest  to  return  into  Egypt,  see  that  thou  do  all  those  wonders 
before  Pharaoh,  which  I  have  put  in  thy  hand  ;  but  '"I  will  harden 
his  heart,  that  he  shall  not  let  the  people  go.  -^  And  thou  shalt  say 
unto  Pharaoh,  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  "Israel  is  my  son,  eveii  my  first- 
born. ^-^  And  I  say  unto  thee,  Let  my  son  go,  that  he  may  serve  me  ; 
and  if  thou  refuse  to  let  him  go,  behold,  "I  will  slay  thy  son,  even  thy 
firstborn." 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  by  the  way  in  the  inn,  that  ^the  Lord  met 
him,  and  sought  'to  kill  him.  '^^  Then  Zipporah  took  a  sharp  tstone, 
and  cut  oft'  the  foreskin  of  her  son,  and  tcast  it  at  his  feet,  and  said, 
"  Surely  a  bloody  husband  art  thou  to  me."  ^'^  So  he  let  him  go  ;  then 
she  said,  "  A  bloody  husband  thou  art ;  "  because  of  the  circumcision. 

=^''' And  the  Lord  said  to  Aaron,  "  Go  into  the  wilderness  to  meet 
Moses."  And  he  went,  and  met  him  in  the  mount  of  God,  and  kissed 
him.  ^^  And  Moses  told  Aaron  all  the  words  of  the  Lord  who  had 
sent  him,  and  all  the  signs  which  he  had  commanded  him. 


PART    III. 


A. 

M.  2513. 

B. 

,  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1648. 

Egypt. 

Ex 

.  3.  16,  &c. 

FROM  THE   MISSION  OF   MOSES   TO   THE   INFLICTION  OF  THE 
PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT. 

Section  I. — Moses  is  acknowledged  as  their  Leader  by  the  Israelites,  hut  is 
rejected  by  Pharaoh. 
EsoD.  iv.  29,  to  the  end,  chap,  v.,  and  vi.  1-13. 
Moses  and  Aaron  make  known  their  mission.    31  The  people  believe  them.  —  Chap.  v.  1  Pharaoh 
chideth  Moses  and  Aaron  for  their  message.     5  He  increaseth  the  Israelites'  task.     15  He  check- 
eth  their  complaints.     19  They  cry  out  upon  Moses  a?id  Aaron.     22  Moses  complaineth  to  God. 
—  Chap.  vi.  1  God  reneweth  his  promise  Inj  his  name  Jehovah. 

29  AND  Moses  and  Aaron  "went  and  gathered  together  all  the  elders 
of  the  children  of  Israel.  ^'^  And  Aaron  spake  all  the  words  which  the 
Lord  had  spoken  unto  Moses,  and  did  the  signs  in  the  sight  of  the 
people. ^"^^  ^^  And  the  people  believed ;  and  when  they  heard  that  the 

his  Law  to  the  accomplishment  of  the  object  pro- 
posed— the  knowledge  therein  displayed  of  human 
nature — the  connection  of  laws  politically  necessary 
with  religion,  &c.  He  could  not  have  been  a  dupe  ; 
for  if  the  appearance  in  the  burning  bush  had  not 
been  real — if  he  had  been  deceived  in  the  evidences 
of  his  mission — if  the  miracles  wrought  to  convince 
him,  that  he  was  the  chosen  prophet  of  God,  had 
been  only  natural  phenomena,  he  could  not  have 
inferred  from  them,  that  he  was  to  be  the  legislator 
and  deliverer  of  the  Jews.  Neither  was  he  an 
impostor.  An  impostor  would  not  have  chosen  to 
suffer  affliction  with  a  degraded  race,  rather  than 
to  indulge  in  the  gayeties  and  fascinations  of  a  court 
— an  impostor  would  not  have  exposed  himself  to 
the  danger  of  death,  by  vindicating  the  cause  of 
the  oppressed — he  would  not,  if  banished  to  a  des- 
ert, be  contented  with  his  lot — forget  his  schemes 
of  ambition,  intermarry  among  the  natives  of  an 
obscure  province,  and  calmly  sink  into  the  condi- 
tion of  a  shepherd.  Even  if  he  were  at  length  to 
rouse  from  this  strange  lethargy,  and  resolve  to  de- 
liver his  countrymen,  or  perish  in  the  attempt,  an 
impostor  would'  have  proceeded  with  some  address, 
and  policy — he  would  not  enter   abruptly  into  the 


chosen  to  abrogate  that  mode  of  instructing  mankind, 
and  to  institute  another  in  its  place.  Miracles  were 
not  necessary  to  Adam,  or  to  Noah,  as  they  each 
possessed  sufficient  evidence  of  the  truths  they 
taught ;  they  were  not  necessary  to  Abraham,  as  he 
was  the  reformer  only  of  the  religion  of  Noah  ;  but 
when  a  legislator  ventured  to  assert  that  a  law , 
which  was  originally  divinely  appointed,  was  now 
about  to  be  annulled,  it  was  absolutely  essential  that 
he  should  be  able  to  produce  the  most  incontrovert- 
ible evidence  in  support  of  his  authority.  Moses 
therefore  was  empowered  to  work  miracles,  for  the 
purpose  of  establishing  a  new  dispensation.  In  the 
same  manner,  Christ,  the  prophet  "like  unto  Moses," 
wrought  his  wonderful  miracles,  to  convince  the 
world  of  the  dissolution  of  the  Levitical  dispensation, 
in  fxvor  of  the  Christian  covenant. — Hora  Mosaics, 
vol,  ii.  p.  222,  &c. 

('')  Moses  was  either  a  true  prophet,  an  enthusiast, 
a  dupe,  or  an  impostor.  That  he  was  not  an  enthu- 
siast may  be  argued  from  his  learning  ;  he  was  versed 
in  all  the  learning  of  Egypt — from  his  education 
among  the  courtiers  of  Pharaoh — from  the  diffi- 
dence with  which  he  received  the  first  annunciation 
of  his  mission — from  the  admirable  suitableness  of 


136  MOSES  IS  ACKNOWLEDGED  BY  THE  ISRAELITES.  [Period  III- 

6  Ex.  2.25.&      Lord  had  visited  the  children  of  Israel,  and  that  he  ''had  looked  upon 
/gI'oi  06.  Ex.  their  affliction,  then  'they  bowed  their  heads  and  worshipped. 

j-2.'27.  icii. 29'.       1  \^({  afterward  Moses  and  Aaron  went  in,  and  told  Pha-     Exod.  v. 

raoh,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lokd  God  of  Israel,  Let  my  people 
dEx.  10. 9.         go^  that  they  may  hold  "^a  feast  unto  me  in  the   wilderness."  ^  And 
e  See  Ex.  3. 19.     Pharaoh  said,  "  Who 'is  the  Lord,  that  I  should  obey  his  voice  to  let 

2Ki.^i8.35.Job  j^^^^j  ^^^  ^j  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^j^^  Lord,  ^neither  will  I  let 'Israel  go."  ^And 

/Ps.  14. 1.  ti^gy  said,  "  The  ^God  of  the  Hebrews  hath  met  with  us  ;  let  us  go, 

ASel'Ev^s  18  ^"^^  P""^)'  ^h^^'  ^'^'"^^  ^^J'^'  Jo"J"ney  into  the  desert,  and  sacrifice  unto 
the  Lord  our  God,  lest  he  fall  upon  us  with  pestilence,  or  with  the 
sword."  "^  And  the  king  of  Egypt  said  unto  them,  "  Wherefore  do  ye, 
Moses  and  Aaron,  let  the  people  from  their  works  ?  get  you  unto 
iEx.  1. 11.  iyour  burdens."  ^  And  Pharaoh  said,  "  Behold,  the  people  of  the  land 
now  are  many,  and  ye  make  them  rest  from  their  burdens." 

^And  Pharaoh  commanded  the  same  day  the  taskmasters  of  the  peo- 
ple, and  their  officers,  saying,  "  Ye  shall  no  more  give  the  people 
straw  to  make  brick,  as  heretofore  ;  let  them  go  and  gather  straw  for 
themselves.  ^  And  the  tale  of  the  bricks,  which  they  did  make  hereto- 
fore, ye  shall  lay  upon  them,  ye  shall  not  diminish  aught  thereof;  for 
they  be  idle,  therefore  they  cry,  saying,  '  Let  us  go  and  sacrifice  to  our 
*mh.Letthe  God.'  ^*Let  there  more  work  be  laid  upon  the  men,  that  they  may 
u^taiJ'Z?.      labor  therein  ;  and  let  them  not  regard  vain  words." 

I''  And  the  taskmasters  of  the  people  went  out,  and  their  officers, 
and  they  spake  to  the  people,  saying,  "  Thus  saith  Pharaoh,  I  will  not 
give  you  straw.  ^^  Go  ye,  get  you  straw  where  ye  can  find  it  ;  yet 
not  aught  of  your  Avork  shall  be  diminished."  ^^  So  the  people  were 
scattered  abroad  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt  to  gather  stubble 
instead  of  straw.  ^^  And  the  taskmasters  hasted  them,  saying,  "  Fulfil 
\Ueh.amatterof  your  wovks,  your  tdaily  tasks,  as  when  there  was  straw."  ^^  And  the 
aday  in  hi.  day.  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^j^^  children  of  Isracl,  which  Pharaoh's  taskmasters  had  set 
over  them,  were  beaten,  and  demanded,  "  Wherefore  have  ye  not  fulfilled 
your  task  in  making  brick  both  yesterday  and  to-day  as  heretofore?" 

1^  Then  the  officers  of  the  children  of  Israel  came  and  cried  unto 
Pharaoh,  saying,  "  Wherefore  dealest  thou  thus  with  thy  servants  ? 
16  There  is  no  straw  given  unto  thy  servants,  and  they  say  to  us, 
'  Make  brick  ; '  and,  behold,  thy  servants  are  beaten,  but  the  fault  is  in 
thine  own  people."  ^^  But  he  said,  "  Ye  are  idle,  ye  are  idle;  there- 
fore ye  say,  '  Let  us  go  and  do  sacrifice  to  the  Lord.'  ^^  Go  therefore 
now,  and  work  ;  for  there  shall  no  straw  be  given  you,  yet  shall  ye 
deliver  the  tale  of  bricks."  ^'^  And  the  officers  of  the  children  of  Israel 
did  see  that  they  were  in  evil  case,  after  it  was  said,  "  Ye  shall  not 
minish  aught,  from  your  bricks  of  your  daily  task." 

2"  And  they  met  Moses  and  Aaron,  who  stood  in   the   way,  as  they 

came  forth  from  Pharaoh.  -^  And  they  said  unto   them,  '•  The   Lord 

XUeh.  to  stink,     look  upou  you,  and  judge;  because  ye   have  made  our  savour  Jto  be 

?3.'f&27.M^"  abhorred  in  the  eyes  of  Pharaoh,  and  in  the   eyes   of  his   servants,  to 

2^sa.io.6.ich.  put  a  sword  in  their  hand  to   slay  us."  -And  Moses  returned  unto 

the  Lord,  and  said,  "  Lord,  wherefore  hast  thou  so  evil  entreated  this 

people  ?  why  is  it  that  thou  hast  sent  me  ?  -^  For  since  I  came  to  Pharaoh 

presence  of  an  absolute  sovereign,  and  peremptorily  to  resign  their  dominion  over  the  Israelites,  unless 

insist  on  the  liberation  of  a  race  of  "  useful  slaves  ;  "  he  had  been  possessed  of  powers  more  than  human, 

neither  would  an  impostor  commit  himself,  by  pre-  That  is,  he  was  a  true  prophet— ho  wrought  niira- 

dictintr  a  series  of  miraculous  judgments,  if  these  cles— he  was  the  character  he  professed  to  be.     The 

slaves^were  not  permitted  to  emigrate.     If  aioses.  mere  fact,  that  Moses  was  not  a  true   prophet,  and 

too,  had  been  either  of  these,  he  could   not  have  yet  delivered  the  Israelites,  would  be  a  much  greater 

conquered  armies  without  fighting,  or  im])ressed  a  miracle  than  any  he  is  related  to  have  performed.— 

whole  nation  with  imaginary  terrors— or  guided  or  Hiira>  Mosuica  (from  which  the  above  note  is  chiefly 

fed  a  whole  nation   for  forty  years,  in   the  wilder-  abridged),  vol.  i.  p.  20O-;3Ol ;   Dean  Graves  On  the 

ness  ;— he  could  not  have  compelled,  and  he  could  Pnilat.Kurh  ;  Byrant's  Plagues,   p.  344;  Michaelis 

not  have  persuaded,  the  Egyptians  and  their  king  Commentary  on  the  Laic  of  Moses,  vo\.  i.  p- 42,  &v:. 


*  Heb.  shortnes 
or,  straitiiess. 


Part  III.]  THE  GENEALOGY  OF  MOSES.  137 

T/uVST  ^0  speak  in  thy  name,  he  hath   done  evil  to  this  people  ;  ^neither  hast 

iivercd.  thou  delivered  thy  people  at  all." 

1  Then  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Now  shalt  thou  see  Exod  vi  1-13 
j  Ex.  3. 19.  ^hj^t  I  ^i]i  ^Q  tQ  Pharaoh  ;  for  with  ^a  strong  hand  shall  he  let 
*3?f 33,y."  ^  ^""  t'l^"^  gO'  a"<^  ^"^ith  a  strong  hand  '^shall  he  drive  them  out  of  his  land." 
tOr,jEHoyjiH.  ^  And  God  spake  unto  Moses,  and  said  unto  him,  "I  am  tthe  Lord. 
^  And  I  appeared  unto  Abraham,  unto  Isaac,  and  unto  Jacob,  by  the 
Ifsee^Ex^M  "^'"^  ©f 'God  Almighty,  but  by  my  name  '"Jehovah  was  I  not  known 
"k.^'es.  4.  &  83.  to  them.^"'  ^  And  "I  have  also  established  my  covenant  with  them,  "to 
nGe  15  18  &  ^^^^  ^'^^'^  ^^^^  '^"^  ^^  Cauaau,  the  land  of  their  pilgrimage,  wherein 
^rX  7-  '  they  were  strangers.  ^  And  ^I  have  also  heard  the  groaning  of  the  chil- 
oGe.  17.8.&28.  dreu  of  Israel,  whom  the  Egyptians  keep  in  bondage  ;  and  I  have  re- 
p  Ex.  2. 24.  membered  my  covenant.  ^  Wherefore  say  unto  the  children  of  Israel, 
^il.^^hVk    ^  ^^^  *^^^  Lo^^'  ^'^"^  'I  ^v'J'  t)ring  you  out  from  under  the   burdens  of 

ui'uhi'  ^  ^^^  Egyptians,  and  I  will  rid  you  out  of  their  bondage,  and  1  will  re- 
r  Ex".  15. 13.  De.  ^^em  you  with  a  stretched-out  arm,  and  with  great  judgments.  "^  And 
2i.Ve.S'!io!'  'I  ^^^^  take  you  to  me  for  a  people,  and  'I  will  be  to  you  a  God  ;  and 
5  De.  4. 20.  &  7.  yo  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  your  God,  which  bringeth  you  out 
i8.*2Sa.^7.l4^.'^'  fi'om  Under  the  burdens  of  the  Egyptians.  ^And  I  will  bring  you  in 
t  See  Ge.  17.7,8.  uuto  the  land,  concerning  the  which  I  did  tswear  to  give  it  to  Abraham, 
^/S'leTe""-'  ^^  I^^^C'  and  to  Jacob  ;  and  I  will  give  it  you  for  a  heritage  :  I   am 

14.  22.  De.  32.       the  LoRD." 

^  And  Moses  spake  so  unto  the  children  of  Israel ;  but  they  hearkened 
not  unto  Moses  for  *anguish  of  spirit,  and  for  cruel  bondage.  ^^  And 
the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^i  "  Go  in,  speak  unto  Pharaoh  king 
of  Egypt,  that  he  let  the  children  of  Israel  go  out  of  his  land."  ^^  And 
Moses  spake  before  the  Lord,  saying,  "  Behold,  the  children  of  Israel 
have  not  hearkened  unto  me  ;  how  then  shall  Pharaoh  hear  me,  "who 
am  of  uncircumcised  lips?"  ^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and 
unto  Aaron,  and  gave  them  a  charge  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
unto  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  to  bring  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  the 
land  of  Egypt, 

Section  II. —  T7ic  Genealogy  of  Reuhen,  Simeon,  and  Levi,  to  Moses. 

Exod.  vi.  14-27. 

^'^  These  be  the  heads  of  their  fathers'  houses  :  "The  sons  of  Reuben 

the  firstborn  of  Israel ;  Hanoch,  and  Pallu,  Hezron,  and  Carmi :  these 

be  the  families  of  Reuben.  ^^  And  Hhe  sons  of  Simeon  ;  Jemuel,  and 

Jamin,  and  Ohad,  and  Jachin,  and  Zohar,  and   Shaul   the   son   of  a 

Ge.  46. 11.  xNu.   Canaanitish  woman  :  these  are  the  families  of  Simeon. 

^^  And  these  are  the  names  of  'the  sons  of  Levi  according  to  their 
generations  ;  Gershon,  and  Kohath,  and  Merari :  and  the  years  of  the 
life  of  Levi  were  an  hundred  thirty  and  seven  years,  i^  The  ''sons  of 
'^23.^7."  ^'  ^^'  ^  Gershon  ;  Libni,  and  Shimi,  according  to  their  families.  ^^  And  'the 
cNu.26^57.ich.  sons  of  Kohath  ;  Amram,  and  Izhar,  and  Hebron,  and  Uzziel :  and 
/I  ch.  G.  19.  &  the  years  of  the  life  of  Kohath  were  an  hundred  thirty  and  three  years. 
/ex^o  1  2  ^^  And/the  sons  of  Merari ;  Mahali  and  Mushi :  these  are  the  families 
ANu.iG.i.ich.  of  Levi  according  to  their  generations.  ^^  And  ^'Amram  took  him  Joche- 
i\I!w\  Nu  3  ^^^  '^^^  father's  sister  to  wife ;  and  she  bare  him  Aaron  and  Moses : 
30.  ■  ■  and  the  years  of  the  life  of  Amram  were  an  hundred  and   thirty  and 

•'fch.V^i.^Mat.  seven  years,  ^i  And  Hhe  sons  of  Izhar ;  Korah,  and  Nepheg,  and 
1'  M  ab  2474  S^^'"^"  ^^  ^"^  '^^^  ^°"^  ^^  \^zz\e\ ',  Mishacl,  and  Elzaphan,  and  Zithri. 
B.  c!  ab!  ]53o!    ^^  And  Aaron  took  him  Elisheba,  daughter  of  ^Amminadab,  sister  of 


a  Ge.  46.  9.  1  Ch 

5.3. 
6  1  Ch.  4.  24.  Ge 

46.  10. 


3.  17.  1  Ch.  6. 
16. 


f)  The  general   interpretation  of  this  verse  is  ;  often  made.     I  will  now  be  known  by  the   name 

'I  was  known  to  the  patriarchs  as  a  God  all-suffi-  Jehovah  ;  as  a   God  faithful   to   his   promise  •  as 

cient;  havmg  given  them  every  blessing  of  which  such  I  will  deliver  my  people  Israel  accordino-  to 

they  stood  in  need  ;  but  I  was  not  known  by  them  the  promise  which  I  made  to  their  fathers." 
as  the  observer  of  the  promises,  which  had  been  so 

VOL.    I.  IS  *» 


138  THE  PLAGUES  OP  EGYPT— FIRST  PLAGUE.  [Period  IIL 


k  Le.  10.  1.  Nu. 
3.  2.  &  26.  60. 
1  Ch.  6.  3.  &2^ 
1. 


n  Ex.  12.  17,  51. 
Nu.  33.  1. 


Naashon,  to  wife  ;  and  she  bare  him  *Nadab,  and  Abihii.  Eleazar,  and 

Ithamar.  ^^  And  'the  sons  of  Korah  ;  Assir,  and  Elkanah,  and  Abiasaph  : 

these  are  the  famihes  of  the  Korhites.  ^s  And  Eleazar,  Aaron's  son.  took 

Su.^i^7,'ii.     him  one  of  the  daughters  of  Putiel  to  wife  ;  and  "'she  bare  him  Phine- 

jos.  24. 33!        j^jjg  .  ^j^ggg  a,j.e  tj^e  heads  of  the  fathers  of  the  Levites  according  to  their 

famihes.  ^'^  These  are  that  Aaron  and  Moses,  to  whom   the  Lord  said, 

"  Bring  out  the  children  of  Israel  from  the  land  of  Egypt  "according  to 

oEx.5.1,3.  &7.  their  armies."  ^^  These  "are   they   which  spake   to  Pharaoh  king  of 

i!'?s^77'.w.^^'  Egypt,  to  bring  out  the  children  of  Israel  from  Egypt :  these   are  that 

Moses  and  Aaron. 

SECT.  ni.      Section  III. — Sloses  demands  of  Pharaoh  the  Deliverance  of  the  Israelites, 

ichich  is  refusid. 

b"  C  1491.'  ExoD.  vi.  28,  to  the  end,  and  vii.  1-13. 

Hales,  1648.       Moses  is  encouraged  to  go  to  Pharaoh.     1  His  age.     8  His  rod  is  turned  into  a  serpent.     11  The 
_  sorcerers  do  the  like.     13  Pharaoh's  heart  is  hardened. 

—  28  ^j^jj  it  came  to  pass  on  the  day  when  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses 
in  the  land  of  Egypt,  ^^  that  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  "  I 
am  the  Lord  ;   speak  thou  unto  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt  all  that  I  say 

aE.x.  4.10.         unto  thee."  ^^  And  Moses  said  before  the  Lord,  "  Behold,  "I^  am  of 

uncircumcised  lips,  and  how  shall  Pharaoh  hearken  unto  me  ?  " 

1  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  See,  I  have  made  thee    Exod.  vii. 
6Ei.4.i6.Je.i.  ^a  sod  to  Pliaraoh  :  and  Aaron   thy  brother  shall   be   thy       l-l^- 
c  Ex.  4. 15.         prophet.  2  Thou  'shall  speak  all   that  I  command    thee  ;  and  Aaron 

thy  brother  shall  speak  unto  Pharaoh,  that  he  send  the  children  of 
d  Ex.  4. 21.  Israel  out  of  his  land.  ^  And  "l  will  harden  Pharaoh's  heart,  and  'mul- 
e Ex.  4. 7.  &  11.9.  ^ip]y  j^-jy  gigj^g  and  my  wonders  in  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^  But  Pharaoh 
/Ex.  10. 1.  shail  not  hearken  unto  you,  ^that  I  may  lay  my  hand  upon  Egypt,  and 

bring  forth  mine  armies,  and  my  people  the  children  of  Israel,  out  of 
^Ex.6.6.  the  land  of  Egypt  ^by  great  judgments.  ^  And   the  Egyptians 'shall 

\f  i8.^pf  9^6^'  know  that  I  am  the  Lord,  when  I  stretch  forth  my  hand  upon  Egypt, 

and  bring  out  the  children  of  Israel  from  among  them."  ^  And  Moses 

and  Aaron  did  as  the  Lord  commanded  them,  so  did  they.  "  And 
iDe.29.5.&3i.  j^oges  was  *fourscore  years  old,  and  Aaron  fourscore  and  three  years 
7!23, 30.  ■     '    old,  when  they  spake  unto  Pharaoh. 

8  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying,  ^  "  When 
j  18.7.11.  John  2.  Pharaoh  shall  speak  unto  you,  saying.  Show  ^a  miracle  for  you:  then 
kL^4%!i7.       thou  shalt  say  unto  Aaron,    Take  thy  rod,  and  cast  it  before  Pharaoh, 

and  it  shall  become  a  serpent." 

^^  And  Moses  and  Aaron  went  in  unto  Pharaoh,  and  they  did  so,  as 

the  Lord  had  commanded ;  and  Aaron  cast  down  his  rod  before  Pha- 
iEx.4.3.  raoh,  and  before  his  servants,  and  'it  became  a  serpent.  ^^  Then  Pha- 

mGe.4i.8.2Ti.  raoh  also  called  "the  wise  men  and  the  sorcerers.  Now  the  magicians 
^*  ^'  J  of  Egypt,  they  also  "did  in  like  manner  with  their  enchantments  ;  ^^  for 
n Ex. 8. 7, 18.  they'cast  down  every  man  his  rod,  and  they  became  serpents:  but 
0  Ex.  4. 21.         Aaron's  rod  swallowed  up  their  rods.  ^^  And  he   hardened  Pharaoh's 

heart,  that  he  hearkened  not  unto  them  ;  as  the  Lord  had  "said. 


SECT.   I. 


PART    IV. 

INFLICTION   OF   THE   FIRST   EIGHT   PLAGUES. 


A.  M.   2513. 

B.  c.  1491.  Section  T. —  The  First  Plague — Water  turned  into  BhodS^ 

Hales,  1648,  „  ■■     •,  a    ^      i  j 

'  ExoD.  vu.  14,  to  the  end. 

—  14  AND  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Pharaoh's  "heart  is  hardened, 

°i%,y.^'^^°'  he   refuseth  to  let  the  people  go.  ^^  Get  thee   unto  Pharaoh  in   the 

(«)  The  manner  in  wliich  the  Divine  Head  of  the  derfully  e.^emplified  in  the  history  of  the  plagues 
Jewish  Church  appealed  to  the  common  sense  of  of  Egypt.  The  miracles  of  Moses  liad  now  arrested 
the  Israehtes  against  the  idolatry  of  Egypt  is  won-     their  attention,  and  their  hopes  of  an  early  deliver- 


Part  IV.]  THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT— SECOND  PLAGUE.  139 

morning  ;  lo,  he  goeth  out  unto  the  water ;  and  thou  shalt  stand  by 

5  Ex.  4.  2,3.       the  river's  brink  against  he  come  ;  and  Hhe   rod  which  was  turned  to 

a  serpent  shalt  thou  take   in  thy   hand.  ^^  And  thou   shalt  say  unto 

e  Ex.  3. 18.         him,  'The  Lord  God  of  the  Hebrews  hath  sent  me  unto  thee,  saying, 

d Ex. 3. 12, 18. &  Lgt  my  people   go,  ''that  they  may  serve  me  in   the  wilderness:  and, 

^'  ^'  ^'  behold,  hitherto  thou  wouldest  not  hear.  ^"^  Thus   saith  the  Lord,  In 

e  Ex.  5.  2.  this  'thou  slialt  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  :  behold,  I  will  smite  with  the 

rod  that  is   in  my  hand   upon  the  waters  which   are  in  the  river,  and 

/Ex.  4. 9.  Ke.  16.  /they  shall  be  turned  to  blood.  ^^  And  the  fish  that  is  in  the  river  shall 

^'  ^'  die,  and  the  river  shall  stink  ;  and  the  Egyptians  shall  loathe  to  drink 

of  the  water  of  the  river." 

-9  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  "  Say  unto  Aaron,  Take  thy  rod, 
^Ex.  8. 5,6, 16.   and  ^stretch  out  thy  hand  upon  the  waters  of  Egypt,  upon  their  streams 
%%ukVSi,  upon    their  rivers,   and  upon  their  ponds,  and  upon  all  their  *pools 
*^Heb    atkerin.  of  watcr,  that  thcy  may  become  blood  ;  and  that  there  may  be  blood, 
o/tk'eifwaZrsf  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt,  both  in  vessels  of  wood,  and  in  vessels 
o/ stone."  ^^  And  Moses  and  Aaron  did  so,  as  the  Lord  commanded  ; 
A  Ex.  17. 5.         and  he  "lifted  up  the  rod,  and  smote  the  waters    that  were    in  the 
river,  in  the  sight  of  Pharaoh,  and  in  the  sight  of  his  servants  ;  and 
iPs.78.44.&      all  'the  waters  that  were  in  the  river  were  turned  to  blood,  ^i  And  the 
^°^'^^'  fish  that  was  in  the  river  died;  and  the  river  stank,  and  the   Egyp- 

tians could  not  drink  of  the  water  of  the  river  ;  and  there  was  blood 
jEx.8.7.  throughout   all  the  land  of  Egypt.  22  And  ^the  magicians  of  Egypt 

did  so  with  their  enchantments  :  and  Pharaoh's  heart  was  hardened, 
neither  did  he  hearken  unto  them;  as  the  Lord  had  said.  ^3  And 
Pharaoh  turned  and  went  into  his  house,  neither  did  he  set  his  heart 
to  this  also.  ~*  And  all  the  Egyptians  digged  round  about  the  river  for 
water  to  drink  ;  for  they  could  not  drink  of  the  water  of  the  river.  ^^  And 

seven  days  were  fulfilled,  after  that  the  Lord  had  smitten  the  river. 

Section  IL—The  Second  Plague— Frogs S''^ 
SECT.  II.  ExoD.  viii.  1-15. 

Frogs  are  sent.    8  Pharaoh  sueth  Closes,  12  and  Moses,  by  prayer,  removeth  them  away. 

And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  "Go  unto  Pharaoh,  and  say 
£les,'i648.     unto  him,  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Let  my  people  go,  "that  they  may 
^i!!!'        serve  me.  ^  And  if  thou  'refuse  to  let  them  go,  behold,   I  will  smile 
« Ex.  3. 12, 18.     all  thy  borders  with  ^frogs.  ^  And  the  river  shall  bring  forth   frogs 
&  Ex.  7. 14.  &  9.2.  abundantly,  which  shall  go  up    and  come  into   thy  house,  and  into 
dSJoVso        'thy  bedchamber,  and  upon  thy  bed,  and  into  the  house  of  thy  ser- 
*or,  dougk.        vants,  and  upon  thy  people,  and  into  thine  ovens,  and  into  thy  *knead- 
ino-troughs  ;  '^  and  the  frogs   shall  come  up  both  on   thee,  and  upon 
thy  people,  and  upon  all  thy  servants." 
e  Ex.  7. 19.  5  And  the  Lord   spake  unto   Moses,  "  Say  unto  Aaron,  "Stretch 

forth    thy  hand  with  thy  rod  over   the  streams,  over  the    rivers,  and 
over  the  ponds,  and  cause  frogs  to  come  up  upon  the  land  of  Egypt." 
/PS.78.45.&      6  And  Aaron  stretched  out  his  hand  over  the  waters  of  Egypt ;  -^and 
/S  '"ii  the  frogs  came  up,  and  covered  the  land  of  Egypt.  ''  And  ^the  magi- 

cians did  so  with  their  enchantments,  and  brought  up  frogs  upon  the 
land  of  Egypt. 


A.   M.  2513. 
"    C.  1491. 


ance  from  their  bondage  must  have  been  propor-  C)  The  second  effort  of  power  on  the  part  of 

tionably  excited.     Yet  many  of  the  Israelites  were  Moses    filled   the    holy    river    with    frogs,   and  its 

still  followers  of  the  surrounding  idolatry,  and  the  streams  by  this  means  became  a  second  time  pollu- 

mercv  of  Providence  displayed  itself  in  proving  to  ted,  to  the  utter  confusion  both  of  their  gods  and 

them  the  utter  worthlessness  of  all  the  idols,   and  priests.     The    land  also  was  equally  defiled,  and 

false  .rods,  on  whom  the   proud,   the  learned,  and  they  had  no  way  to  cleanse  themselves  for  every 

the  scientific  Eo-yptians,  so  vainly  depended.  stream  and  every  lake  was  in  a  state  of  pollution. 

The  first  plao-ue  demonstrated  the  superiority  of  The  frog  was  held  sacred  by  the   Egyptians,  and 


Jehovah  over  their  imaginary  river-gods  ;  the  Nile     was  regarded  as  an  emblem  of  preservation  m  floods 
was  turned  into  blood,  which  wag  an   object  of  pe-     and  inundations, 
culiar  abhorrence  to  the  Egyptians. 


140 


THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT— FOURTH  PLAGUE. 


[Period  HL 


h  Ex.  9.  28.  Si.  10. 
17.  Au.  21.  7. 
1  Sa.  12.  19. 
1  Ki.  13.  6.  Ac. 

8.  24.  Ja.  5.  15. 
1  Jo.  5.  16. 

t  Or,  Have  this 
honor  over  me, 
4-c. 

t  Or,  against 
when. 

*  Heb.  to  cut  off. 

f  Or,  Jlgainst  to- 
morrow. 

i  Ex.  9.  14.  &  15. 
(>,  &c.  De.  33. 
26.  See  2  Sa.  7. 
22.  1  Ch.  17.  20. 
Ps.  86.  8.  Is.  46. 

9.  Je.  10.  6,  7. 

i  Ex.  9.  33.  &  10. 
18.Ja.  5.  16-18. 
AEc.  8.  11. 


SECT.   III. 

A.  M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1648. 

Egypt. 

aPs.  78.  45.  & 

105.31. 
b  Ex.  7.  11. 
c  Wis.  17.7.2Ti. 

3.  8,  9. 
d  Ps.  8.  3.  Mat. 

12.28. 


SECT.   IV. 

A.  M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 
Hales,  1648. 

Egypt. 

a  Ex.  7.  15. 

*  Or,  a  mixture  of 
noisome  beasts, 
&c.  [Tlio  word 
answering  to 
flics  is  not  ex- 
pressed in  tbe 
Hebrevv,but  that 
this  insect  is 
meant,  there  can 
1)0  no  doubt,  the 
Hebrew  word 
oroDjbein"!  trans- 
lated by  the 
LXX  KVvonMia, 
the  dog-fly ;  in 
wliich  they  are 
followed  by  all 
the  ancient  ver- 
sions, and  the 
learned  Bochart. 
—Ed.] 

iEx.9.4,6,26.&. 
10.  23.  &  11.6, 
7.  &  12.  13. 

f  Heb.  a  redemp- 
tion. 

X  Or,  by  to-mor- 
row. 

e  Ps.  78.  45.  & 
105.  31. 

*  Or,  de.strorird. 


^Then  Pharaoh  called  for  Moses  and  Aaron,  and  said,  "  Entreat 
''the  Lord,  that  he  may  take  away  the  frogs  from  me,  and  from  my 
people  ;  and  I  will  let  the  people  go,  that  they  may  do  sacrifice  unto 
the  Lord."  ^  And  Moses  said  unto  Pharaoh,  "  tGlory  over  me  :  twhen 
shall  I  entreat  for  thee,  and  for  thy  servants,  and  for  thy  people  ;  *to 
destroy  the  frogs  from  thee,  and  thy  houses,  that  they  may  remain  in 
the  river  only  ?  "  ^^  And  he  said,  "  tTo-morrow."  And  he  said,  "  Be 
it  according  to  thy  word  ;  that  thou  mayest  know  that  Hhere  is  none 
like  unto  the  Lord  our  God.  ^^  And  the  frogs  shall  depart  from  thee, 
and  from  thy  houses,  and  from  thy  servants,  and  from  thy  people  ; 
they  shall  remain  in  the  river  only." 

^^  And  Moses  and  Aaron  went  out  from  Pharaoh  ;  and  Moses  ^cried 
unto  the  Lord  because  of  the  frogs  which  he  had  brought  against 
Pharaoh.  ^^  And  the  Lord  did  according  to  the  word  of  Moses  ;  and 
the  frogs  died  out  of  the  houses,  out  of  the  villages,  and  out  of  the 
fields.  ^^  And  they  gathered  them  together  upon  heaps  ;  and  the  land 
stank.  ^^  But  when  Pharaoh  saw  that  there  was  ^'respite,  he  hardened 
his  heart,  and  hearkened  not  unto  them  ;  as  the  Lord  had  said. 

Section  lll.—  Tlie  Third  Plague— Lice. ^^^ 
ExoD.viii.  16-19. 

The  dust  is  turned  into  lice,  which  the  magicians  could  not  do. 

^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Say  unto  Aaron,  Stretch  out 
thy  rod,  and  smite  the  dust  of  the  land,  that  it  may  become  lice 
throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt."  ^'^  And  they  did  so  ;  for  Aaron 
stretched  out  his  hand  with  his  rod,  and  smote  the  dust  of  the  earth, 
and  "it  became  lice  in  man,  and  in  beast ;  all  the  dust  of  the  land 
became  lice  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^^  And  Hhe  magicians 
did  so  with  their  enchantments  to  bring  forth  lice,  but  "they  could  not ; 
so  there  were  lice  upon  man,  and  upon  beast.  ^^  Then  the  magicians  said 
unto  Pharaoh,  "  This  "is  the  finger  of  God  :  "  and  Pharaoh's  heart  was 
hardened,  and  he  hearkened  not  unto  them  ;  as  the  Lord  had  said. 

Section  lY .—  The  Fourth  Plague— Flies. ^^^ 

ExoD.  viii.  20,  to  the  end. 

The  swarms  of  flies.     45  Pharaoh  iiiclineth  to  let  the  people  go,  32  hut  yet  is  hardened. 

^°  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Rise  "up  early  in  the  morning, 
and  stand  before  Pharaoh  ;  lo,  he  cometh  forth  to  the  water  ;  and  say 
unto  him,  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Let  my  people  go,  that  they  may 
serve  me.  -^  Else,  if  thou  wilt  not  let  my  people  go,  behold,  I  will 
send  *swarms  of  flies  upon  thee,  and  upon  thy  servants,  and  upon 
thy  people,  and  into  thy  houses  ;  and  the  houses  of  the  Egyptians 
shall  be  full  of  swarms  of  flics,  and  also  the  ground  whereon  they  are. 
~-  And  'I  will  sever  in  that  day  the  land  of  Goshen,  in  which  my 
people  dwell,  that  no  swarms  of  flies  shall  be  there  ;  to  the  end  thou 
mayest  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  in  the  midst  of  the  earth.  ^^  And  I 
will  put  ta  division  between  my  people  and  thy  people  ;  tto-morrow 
shall  this  sign  be."  "'*  And  the  Lord  did  so  ;  and  'there  came  a  griev- 
ous swarm  of  flies  into  the  house  of  Pharaoh,  and  into  his  servants' 
houses,  and  into  all  the  land  of  Egypt ;  the  land  was  *corrupted  by 
reason  of  the  swarm  of  flies. 


(•*)  The  plaorue  of  lice  reproved  the  absurd  super- 
stition which  demanded  external  purity  alone. — The 
Egyptians  considered  it  a  great  profanation  of  the 
temple  if  they  entered  it  with  any  animalculiE  of 
this  sort  upon  them.  The  people  in  general  wore 
a  linen  garment  over  a.'iother  of  linen ;  but  they 
laid  aside  the  former  when  they  a])pr()ached  their 
deities,    for   fear    it   should    '      '  '  ' 


oy  ai)pr 
arbour    veri 


although  their  rites  were  most  filthy  and  contemp- 
tible, yet  they  were  carried  on  with  a  most  scrupu- 
lous show  of  purity  and  cleanliness. 

(^)  The  fourth  plague  must  have  convinced  the 
Egyptians,  who  were  worshippers  of  zebub,  the 
god-fly.  that  their  own  gods  were  converted  into 
instruments  of  torment  in  the  hand  of  a  superior 
Power. 


Ex.  3.  12,  18. 


Part  IV.]  THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT-SIXTH  PLAGUE.  141 

25  And  Pharaoh  called  for  Mo'ses  and  for  Aaron,  and  said,  "Go  ye, 
sacrifice  to  your  God  in  the  land."  ~^  And  Moses  said,  "  It  is  not  meet 

dGe.  43.32.  &     go  to  do,  for  WO  sliall  sacrifice  ''the  abomination  of  the   Egyptians   to 

tt'^t^^il'si.  the  Lord  our  God;  lo,  shall  we  sacrifice  the  abomination  of  the 
Egyptians  before  their  eyes,  and  will  they  not  stone  us  ?  ^^  We  will 
go  'three  days'  journey  into  the  wilderness,  and  sacrifice  to  the  Lord 
our  God,  as  he  shall  command  us."  ~^  And  Pharaoh  said,  "  I  will  let 
you  go,  that  ye  may  sacrifice  to  the  Lord  your  God  in  the  wilderness  ; 

/Ex.  9. 28.  iKi.  only  ye  shall  not  go  very  far  away:  Entreat  for  me."  -^  And  Moses 

^^'  ^'  said,  "  Behold,  I  go  out  from  thee,  and  I  will  entreat  the  Lord  that 

the  swarms  ofjlies  may  depart  from  Pharaoh,  from  his  servants,  and 

from  his  people,  to-morrow  ;  but  let  not  Pharaoh  deal  deceitfully  any 

more  in  not  letting  the  people  go  to  sacrifice  to  the  Lord." 

30  And  Moses  went  out  from  Pharaoh,  and  entreated  the  Lord. 
31  And  the  Lord  did  according  to  the  word  of  Moses  ;  and  he  removed 
the  swarms  ofjlies  from  Pharaoh,  from  his  servants,  and  from  his 

ffEx.4.21.  people  ;  there  remained  not  one.  32  And  Pharaoh  °  hardened  his  heart 
at  this  time  also,  neither  would  he  let  the  people  go. 

'  Section  Y.—  The  Fifth  Plague— Murrain  of  Cattle}'"^ 

'_    '  ExoD.  ix.  1-7. 

A.  M.  2513.  iThen  the  LoRD  Said  unto  Moses,  "  Go  ""in  unto  Pharaoh,  and  tell 

u:^^:!Zs.  him,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  the  Hebrews,  Let  my  people  go, 
Egypt-  that  they  may  serve  me.  ^  For  if  Hhou  refuse  to  let  them  go,  and  wilt 
—  hold  them  still,  3 behold,  'the  hand  of  the  Lord  is   upon   thy  cattle 

iEx's'''^'  which  is  in  the  field,  upon  the  horses,  upon  the  asses,  upon  the  camels, 

cEx!?!!  upon  the  oxen,  and  upon  the  sheep:  there  shall  be  a  very  grievous 

d  See  Ex.  8. 29.  murrain.  '^  And  ""the  Lord  shall  sever  between  the  cattle  of  Israel  and 
the  cattle  of  Egypt ;  and  there  shall  nothing  die  of  all  that  is  the 
children's  of  Israel."  ^  And  the  Lord  appointed  a  set  time,  saying, 
"  To-morrow  the  Lord  shall  do  this  thing  in  the  land."  ^  And  the 
ePs.78.50.  honD  did  that  thing  on  the  morrow,  and  'all  the  cattle  of  Egypt  died  ; 
but  of  the  cattle  of  the  children  of  Israel  died  not  one.  '^  And  Pha- 
raoh sent,  and,  behold,  there  was  not  one  of  the  cattle  of  the  Israehtes 
/Ex.  7.  14.  &  8.  j^gj^(j_  Ancl  ^the  heart  of  Pharaoh  was  hardened,  and  he  did  not  let 
the  people  go. 

Section  YI.— The.  Sixth  Plague— The  Biles.^''^ 
ExoD.  ix.  8-12. 
8  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  "  Take  to  you 
handfuls  of  ashes  of  the  furnace,  and  let  Moses  sprinkle  it  toward  the 
heaven  in  the  sight  of  Pharaoh.  ^  And  it  shall  become  small  dust  in  all 
the  land  of  Egypt,  and  shall  be  "a  bile  breaking  forth  with  blains  upon 
man,  and  upon  beast,  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt."  i«  And  they 
took  ashes  of  the  furnace,  and  stood  before  Pharaoh,  and  Moses  sprm- 
kled  it  up  toward  heaven  ;  and  it  became  'a  bile  breaking  forth  with 
blains  upon  man,  and  upon  beast.  ^^  And  'the  magicians  could  not 
stand  before  Moses  because  of  the  biles  ;  for  the  bile  was  upon  the 
magicians,  and  upon  all  the  Egyptians.  ^^  And  the.  Lord  hardened 
the^heart  of  Pharaoh,  and  he  hearkened  not  unto  them ;  ''as  the  Lord 
had  spoken  unto  Moses. 

(10)  The  fifth  plague  destroyed  the  Hving  objects  (")  The  sixth  plague  was  the  bile  produced  by 
of  their  stupid  worship.  The  sacred  bull,  the  ram,  the  ashes  of  the  furnaces  in  which  they  had  o  - 
the  heifer,  and  the  he  o-oat,  fell  dead  before  their  fered  human  sacrifices,  probably  some  o  the  Israel- 
worshippers,  as  if  in  ridicule  of  their  vain  incense,  ites  themselves  :  they  were  accustomed  to  scatter 
This  iudgment  must  have  likewise  had  a  great  ef-  the  ashes,  to  obtain  a  blessing  from  their  gods : 
feet  on  the  Israelites,  and  must  have  tended  to  this  very  rite  became  the  means  of  their  present  tor- 
wean  their  affections  from  those  gods  of  the  coun-  ment. 
try  to  which  they  had  before  attached  themselves. 


SECT, 

.   VI. 

A. 

M. 

2513. 

B. 

C. 

1491. 

Ha 

LES 

,  1648. 

Egypt. 

a  Re, 

.  16. 

2. 

JDe, 

.28. 

27. 

cEx. 
2T 

,8. 
i.  3. 

18,  19. 
9. 

142 


THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT— SEVENTH  PLAGUE.     [Period  HL 


SECT.   VII. 

A.  M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1648. 

Egypt. 


b  See  Ex.  8.  10. 
c  Ex.  3.  20. 


f  Heb.  made  thee 
stand.  Ro.  9.  17. 
See  Ex.  14.  17. 
Pr.  16.  4.  1  Pe. 
2.9. 


Section  VII. —  The  Seventh  Plague- 

ExoD.  ix.  13,  to  the  end. 

message  threatening  hail.     22  The  plague  of  hail.     27  Flu 
°  hardened. 


-HaiU'^^ 


%oh  sucih  to  Moses,  35  but  ijet  is 


■f  Heb.  set  not  his 
hearturOo.  Ex.7. 


eJos.  10.  11.  Ps. 
18.  13.&78.  47. 
&  105.  32.  & 
148.  8.  Is.  30. 
.30.  Ez.  38.  22. 
Ee.  8.  7. 


/Pa.  105.  33. 

g  See  Ex.  8.  2: 
Is.  32.  18, 19. 


h  Ex.  10.  16. 
i  2  Ch.  13.  6.  Ps. 

129.  4.  &  145. 

17.  La.  1.  18. 

Da.  9.  14.  Ja.  4. 

10. 
j  See  Ex.  8.  8,  28. 
1  Hob.  voices  of 

Go'/.  P3.29.  3,4. 
ft  1  Ki.  8.  22,  38. 

Ps.  143.  6. 
IPs.  24.  1. 
m  Is.  20.  10. 


*  Heb.  hidden,  or 
dark. 


n  See  Ex.  8.  12. 


1^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Rise  "up  early  in  the  morning, 
and  Stand  before  Pharaoh,  and  say  unto  liim,  Thus  saith  the  Lord 
God  of  the  Hebrews,  Let  my  people  go  that  they  may  serve  me.  ^'^  For 
I  will  at  this  time  send  all  my  plagues  upon  thy  heart,  and  upon  thy 
servants,  and  upon  thy  people ;  Hhat  thou  mayest  know  that  there  is 
none  like  me  in  all  the  earth.  ^^  For  now  1  will  stretch  out  my  hand, 
that  I  may  smite  thee  and  thy  people  with  pestilence  ;  and  thou  shalt 
be  cut  ofli"  from  the  earth.  ^^  And  in  very  deed  for  this  cause  have  I 
*raised  thee  up,  for  to  show  in  thee  my  power ;  and  that  my  Name 
may  be  declared  throughout  all  the  earth.  ^''  As  yet  exaltest  thou  thy- 
self against  my  people,  that  thou  wilt  not  let  them  go  ?  ^^  Behold,  to- 
morrow about  this  time  I  will  cause  it  to  rain  a  very  grievous  hail,  such 
as  hath  not  been  in  Egypt  since  the  foundation  thereof  even  until 
now.  ^'^  Send  therefore  now,  and  gather  thy  cattle,  and  all  that  thou 
hast  in  the  field;  for  upon  every  man  and  beast  which  shall  be  found 
in  the  field,  and  shall  not  be  brought  home,  the  hail  shall  come  down 
upon  tliem,  and  they  shall  die."  "^^  He  that  feared  the  word  of  the 
Lord  among  the  servants  of  Pharaoh  made  his  servants  and  his  cattle 
flee  into  the  houses  ;  ^^  and  he  that  tregarded  not  the  word  of  the 
Lord  left  his  servants  and  his  cattle  in  the  field. 

~-  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Stretch  forth  thy  hand  toward 
heaven,  that  there  may  be  ''liail  in  all  the  land  of  Egypt,  upon  man, 
and  upon  beast,  and  upon  every  herb  of  the  field,  throughout  the  land 
of  Egypt."  -^  And  Moses  stretched  forth  his  rod  toward  heaven  ;  and 
'the  Lord  sent  thunder  and  hail,  and  the  fire  ran  along  upon  the  ground, 
and  the  Lord  rained  hail  upon  the  land  of  Egypt.  ~'  So  there  was  hail, 
and  fire  mingled  with  the  hail,  very  grievous,  such  as  there  was  none 
like  it  in  all  the  land  of  Egypt  since  it  became  a  nation.  ~^  And  the 
hail  smote  throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt  all  that  was  in  the  field, 
both  man  and  beast  ;  and  the  hail  -^smote  every  herb  of  the  field,  and 
brake  every  tree  of  the  field.  ~^  Only  ""in  the  land  of  Goshen,  where 
the  children  of  Israel  were,  was  there  no  hail. 

2^  And  Pharaoh  sent,  and  called  for  Moses  and  Aaron,  and  said  unto 
them,  '•  I  ''have  sinned  this  time  ;  'the  Lord  is  righteous,  and  I  and 
my  people  are  wicked.  ^^  Entreat  nhe  Lord  (for  it  is  enough)  that 
there  be  no  more  tmighty  thunderings  and  hail  ;  and  I  will  let  you  go, 
and  ye  sliall  stay  no  longer."  ~-^And  Moses  said  unto  him,  "As  soon 
as  I  am  gone  out  of  the  city,  1  will  ^spread  abroad  my  hands  unto  the 
Lord,  and  the  thunder  shall  cease,  neither  shall  there  be  any  more 
hail  ;  that  thou  mayest  know  how  that  'the  earth  is  the  Lord's.  ^^  But 
as  for  thee  and  thy  servants,  '"I  know  that  ye  will  not  yet  fear  the  Lord 
God."  ^^  And  the  flax  and  the  barley  was  smitten;  for  tlie  barley  was 
in  the  ear,  and  the  flax  was  boiled.  '^~  But  the  wheat  and  the  rye  were 
not  smitten  ;  for  they  were  *not  grown  up. 

^^  And  Moses  went  out  of  the  city  from  Pharaoh,  and  "spread  abroad 
his  hands  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  the  thunders  and  hail  ceased,  and  the 
rain  was  not  [)C)urcd  upon  the  earth.  ^^  And  when  Pharaoh  saw  that  the 
rain  and  the  hail  and  the  thunders  were  ceased,  he  sinned  yet  more, 
and  hardened   his   heart,  he  and   his  servants.  ^^  And  "the  heart  of 


('2)  The  scventli  plarrne  demonstrated  tliat  neither  Jehovah.     Those  phenomena  of  nature  seldom  dis- 

Isis,  who  presided  over  water,  nor  Osiris,  the   lord  turbed,  at  any  period  of  the    year,  the  climate  ot 

of  fire,  was  able  to  protect  Uie  fields  and  the  climate  Eoypt.     On  this  occasion,  they  happened  at  a  time 

of  l'>yi)t  from  the  thunder,  the  v;iiii,  and  the  fire  of  when  the  air  was  generally  most  calm  and  serene. 


Part  IV.]  THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT— EIGHTH  PLAGUE.  143 

UUb.  by  the  hand  pharaoh  was  hardened,  neither  would  he  let  the  children  of  Israel  go; 
L.  "''''   '^  ■  as  the  Lord  had  spoken  tby  Moses. 


SECT.  vni.  Section  YIll.—  TJie  Eighth  Plague— Locusts }'^^ 
ExoD.  X.  1-20. 


A.   M.  2513. 


Hales,  1648, 
Egypt. 

a  Rx.  4.  21.  &  7. 

14. 
h  Ex.  7.  4. 
cDc.  4.  9.  Ps.44. 

].  &71.  18.  & 

78.  5,  ii.c.  Joel 

1.3. 


d  1  Ki.  21. 


n   r.   1  .n,  God  threateneth  to  send  loctists.    7  Pharaoh,  moved  Inj  his  sen^ants,  indimth  to  let  the  Tsradites  go. 

"•  *-•  ^'^^^^  n  The  plag7ie  of  the  locusts.     16  Pharaoh  sueih  (o  JiJoses. 

1  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Go  in  unto  Pharaoh  ;  "for  I 
have  hardened  his  heart,  and  the  heart  of  his  servants,  'that  T  might 
show  these  my  signs  before  him  ;  "^  and  'that  thou  mayest  tell  in  the 
ears  of  thy  son,  and  of  thy  son's  son,  what  things  I  have  wrought  in 
Egypt,  and  my  signs  which  I  have  done  among  them  ;  that  ye  may 
know  how  that  I  am  the  Lord." 

3  And  Moses  and  Aaron  came  in  unto  Tharaoh,  and  said  unto  him, 
"  Thus  saith  the   Lord  God  of  the  Hebrews,  How  long  wilt  thou  re- 
fuse ''to  humble  thyself  before  me  ?  let  my  people  go,  that  they  may 
s^^af'iobia^^G.  serve  me.  •*  Else,  if  thou  refuse  to  let  my  people  go,  behold,  to-morrow 
!,)■  Ppe^s'^e"  "■  will   I  bring  the 'locusts   into  thy  coast.  •'^And   they  shall  cover  the 
.  Re.  9. 3.  '  '      *face  of  the  earth,  that  one  cannot  be  able  to  see  the  earth  ;  and  -^they 
*ST3Tjoef'  shall  eat  the  residue  of  that  which  is  escaped,  which  remaineth   unto 
■^1.4.  ■    ■  °'     you  from  the  hail,  and  shall  eat  every  tree  which  groweth  for  you  out 
^  Ex.  8. 3, 21.      of  the  field.  ^  And  ^they  shall  fill  thy  houses,  and  the  houses  of  all  thy 
servants,  and  the  houses  of  all  the  Egyptians  ;  which  neither  thy  fathers, 
nor  thy  fathers'  fathers  have  seen,  since  the  day  that  they  were   upon 
the  earth  unto  this  day."   And  he  turned  himself,  and  went   out   from 
Pharaoh. 

'  And  Pharaoh's  servants  said  unto  him,  "  How  long  shall  this  man 

AJos.23.i3.isa.  be  "a  suarc  unto  us?  let  the  men   go,  that  they  may  serve  the  Lord 

^^■~''  their  God:  knowest  thou  not  yet  that  Egypt  is  destroyed?"    ^And 

Moses  and  Aaron  were  brought  again  unto  Pharaoh,  and  he  said  unto 

t  Heb.  ,ohn  and     thcui,  "  Go,  servc  the  Lord  your^God  :  but  hvho  are  they  that  shall 

who,  ^c.  ^^  ^  „    9  ^^_^^  Moses  said,  "  We  will  go  with  our  young  and  with  our 

old,  with  our  sons  and  with  our  daughters,  with   our  flocks   and  with 

i Ex. 5.1.  our  herds  will  we  go;   for  ^ we   must  hold  a  feast   unto   the  Lord." 

10  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  Let  the  Lord  be  so  with  you,  as  I  will  let 

you  go,  and  your  little  ones  :  look  to  it !  for  evil  is  before  you.    ^^  Not 

so  :   go  now   ye  that  are  men,  and  serve   the  Lord  ;   for  that  ye  did 

desire."    And  they  were  driven  out  from  Pharaoh's  presence. 

jEx.7. 19.  12  And  the   Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Stretch  ^out  thy  hand  over  the 

land  of  Egypt  for  the  locusts,  that  they  may  come  up  upon  the  land 

of  Egypt,  and  eat  every  herb  of  the  land,  even  all  that  the  hail  hath 

left.""  1=^  And  Moses  stretched  forth  his  rod  over  the  land  of  Egypt,  and 

the  Lord  brought  an  east  wind  upon  the  land  all  that  day,  and  all  that 

nifjht ;  and  when  it  was  morning,  the  east  wind  brought  the  locusts. 

k  Ps.  78. 46.  &     14  And  Hhe  locusts  went  up  over  all  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  rested  in  all 

^''''  ^^^  the  coasts  of  Egypt :  very  grievous  were  they  ;  'before  them  there  were 

Uoei2.2.  ^^^  ^^^^^  locusts  as  thcy,"  neither  after  them  shall  be  such.  i^For  they 

mseever.5.       covercd  '"the  faco  of  the  whole  earth,  so  that  the  land  was  darkened  ; 

„  Ps.  105. 35.       "and  they  did  eat  every  herb  of  the  land,  and  all  the  fruit  of  the  trees 

which  the  hail  had  left ;  and   there   remained  not  any  green  thing  in 

the  trees,  or  in  the  herbs  of  the  field,  through  all  the  land  of  Egypt. 


(1^)  In  the  eighth   plague  of  locusts,  the  Egyp-  and  the  sea,  which  they  regarded  as  their  defence 

tians  undoubtedly  offered  up  their  prayers  to  Isis  against  the  locusts,  could  not  pro  ect  them.     Ari 

and  Serapis,  who"were  the  conservators  of  all  plenty,  east  wind  (ver.  13)   prevailed   all   that  day    and  all 

Thev  would  likewise  naturally  invoke  those  deities,  tliat  night ;  this  wind  must  have   brought  the  lo- 

who  were  supposed  to  have  power  over  these  de-  custs  from  Arabia,  and  borne  them,  contrary  to  their 

structive   creatures.     But  their  very  deities  could  nature,  over  the  Red  Sea ;.  wiucn  proved  no  barrier 

not  stand  before  Moses.     The  winds  they  venerated  to  their  progress, 
were  made  the   instruments  of  their  destruction; 


144 


INSTITUTION  OF  THE  PASSOVER. 


[Period  III. 


J  Heb.  hastened  to 


o  Ex.  9.  27. 
p  See  E.T.  8.  8. 


5  See  Ex.  8.  12, 


^^  Then  Pharaoh  Icalled  for  Moses  and  Aaron  in  haste  ;  and  he  said, 
'•I  "have  sinned  against  the  Lord  your  God,  and  against  you.  ^"^  Now 
therefore  forgive,  I  pray  thee,  my  sin  only  this  once,  ^and  entreat  the 
Lord  your  God,  that  he  may  take  away  from  me  this  death  only." 
^'^  And  'he  went  out  from  Pharaoh,  and  entreated  the  Lord.  ^ '  And 
the  Lord  turned  a  mighty  strong  west  wind,  which  took  away  the 
locusts,  and  *cast  them  into  the  Red  Sea;  there  remained  not  one 

But  the  Lord  liardened  Pharaoh's 


*  Heb.  fasfened. 
Joel  2. 20.  .         „     ,  f  T- 

r  Ex.  4. 21.  &  11.  locust  in  ail  the  coasts  oi  i-gypt. 

^ heart,  so  that  he  would  not  let  the  children  of  Israel  go. 


PART   V. 

A.  M.   2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1648. 

Egypt. 


13.  4.  De. 


aE> 

lU.  1. 
*  Or,  Jul. 
b  Lev.  K.  19-21. 

Mai.  1.8,14.  He. 

9.  14.  1  Pe.  1. 

19. 
t  Heb.  son  of  a 

ye,r.  Le.  23.  12. 
c  Ex.  13.  3,  10.  & 

23.  15.  &  34.  18. 

Le.  23.  5,  6. 

Nu.9.3,ll.&28. 

16,  17.  De.  16.  1, 

6.  Jos.  5.  10. 

2  Ch.  30.  2,  15. 

Ez.  45.  21.  Mat. 

2ti.  19,  &c. 
+  Heb.  between  Vie 


PART  V. 

INSTITUTION  OF   THE   PASSOVER.*") 

ExoD.  xii.  1-20. 

Tlie  beginmng  oftlie  year  is  clmnged.    3  The  Passover  is  instituted.     11  77/c  rile  of  the  Passover. 

15  Unleavened  bread. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  Aaron  in  the  land  of  Egypt, 
saying,  -  "  This  "month  shall  be  unto  you  the  beginning  of  months  ;  it 
shall  be  the  first  month  of  the  year  to  you.  ^  Speak  ye  unto  all  the 
congregation  of  Israel,  saying.  In  the  tenth  day  of  this  month  they 
shall  take  to  them  every  man  a  *lamb,  according  to  the  house  of  their 
fathers,  a  lamb  for  a  house.  "*  And  if  the  household  be  too  little  for  the 
lamb,  let  him  and  his  neighbour  next  unto  his  house  take  it  according 
to  the  number  of  the  souls  ;  every  man  according  to  his  eating  shall 
make  your  count  for  the  lamb. 

^  Your  lamb  shall  be  Hvithout  blemish,  a  male  iof  the  first  year ;  ye 
shall  take  it  out  from  the  sheep,  or  from  the  goats.  ^  And  ye  shall  keep 
it  up  until  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  same  month ;  and  the  whole 
assembly  of  the   congregation  of  Israel  shall  kill  it  tin  the  evening. 


('•')  The  account  of  the  Passover  is  put  together 
(in  Exod.  chap,  xii.)  to  connect  the  history  of  its 
institution  with  that  of  its  observance.  It  is  how- 
ever evident  from  Exod.  xii.  3,  that  the  command 
for  its  observance  was  given  on  the  tenth  day  of 
tlie  month  Nisan;  and,  in  commemoration  of  this 
fact,  the  Jews  were  accustomed  to  select  their  victim 
for  sacrifice  four  daj's  before  it  was  slain.  By  ob- 
serving tlie  arrangement  of  the  events  related  in 
this  fifth  part,  we  shall  more  clearly  discern  the 
very  wonderful  manner  in  which  the  wisdom  of 
Providence  impressed  the  Israelites  with  a  contempt 
and  hatred  of  idolatry,  and  directed  their  attention, 
at  the  same  time,  to  their  future  Messiah. 

The  eight  plagues,  which  had  now  been  inflicted 
u])on  thel^gyptians  must  have  convinced  the  Israel- 
ites of  the  vanity  and  folly  of  the  Egyptian  idolatry, 
and  the  certainty  that  their  God  was  the  only  true 
God.  While  the  effect  of  these  eight  judgments 
was  still  powerful,  the  people  were  ordered  to  pre- 
pare the  Passover.  On  the  very  day  in  which  the 
command  was  issued,  the  plague  of  darkness  began  ; 
while  the  children  of  Israel  had  light  in  their  dwell- 
ings. Amid  the  silence  and  the  terror  of  this 
fearful  pause,  they  selected  their  victim,  and  made 
ready  their  Passover.  Time  was  afforded  them  for 
reflection  on  the  meaning  of  those  ceremonies 
with  which  their  victim  was  to  be  offered.  The 
lamb  was  a  propitiatory  sacrifice  ;  and  its  blood  was 
to  be  sprinkled  upon  the  door,  that  the  sword  of  the 
avenging  angel  might  be  turned  aside  from  their 
families.  Upon  this  sacrifice  too  they  feasted  ;  and 
the  lamb  was  so  to  be  slain,  and  so  to  be  eaten,  that 
they  must  have  lieen  conscious  that  their  legislator 
was  either  acting  from  an  arbitrary  and  useless  ca- 
price, or  that  each  ])iacular  rite  and  ceremony  must 
have  been  ordained  with  some  specific  object. 
They  could  not  have  suspected  their  great  prophet, 
at   this  terrible    moment,  of  acting  with  caprice ; 


neither  is  it  probable  that  they  would  have  inquired 
in  vain  concerning  the  object  of  each  ceremony. 
They  must  then  have  seen,  through  the  clouds  and 
shadows  of  the  typical  institutions,  the  brightness 
of  that  truth,  "  Christ  our  Passover  is  (to  be)  slain 
for  us,  therefore  let  us  keep  the  feast."  They 
must  have  known,  that,  by  partaking  of  this  feast, 
they  entered  into  covenant  with  God,  and  that  the 
sacrifice  itself  was  exclusively  mj-stical,  referring 
to  the  future  Great  Sacrifice,  the  more  perJFect  atone- 
ment, by  means  of  faith  in  which  they  were  to  be 
delivered  from  a  worse  bondage  than  even  this  of 
Egypt.  Such  (and  many  more  of  the  same  nature) 
were  the  reflections  of  the  Israelites  during  the 
continuance  of  the  plague  of  darkness.  On  the 
morning  of  the  fourteenth,  they  prepare  their  victim 
for  the  knife  :  between  the  two  evenings,  that  is, 
between  the  ninth  and  eleventh  hours  of  the  day, 
the  very  hour  on  which  Christ  died,  the  sacrifice 
is  slain — the  blood  is  sprinkled  on  the  door  post — 
the  Passover  is  eaten,  and  the  Israelites,  with  their 
loins  girded,  their  shoes  on  their  feet,  and  their 
staff  in  their  hand,  ready  for  their  journey,  only 
await  the  signal  to  leave  "the  land  of  Egypt.  That 
signal  is  given  :  at  midnight  the  firstborn  are  slain  ; 
and,  amidst  the  universal  distress  and  agony  of  the 
Egyptians,  the  promise  to  the  patriarchs  is  accom- 
plished, and  the  Israelites  leave  the  land  of  bondage, 
with  all  the  calmness  and  solemnity  of  a  religious 
procession. — Vide  Cudworth's  True  Kotion  of  the 
Lord's  Supper  ;  Abp.  Magee  On  the  Atirncmmt,  vol. 
i.  p.  309.  &c. ;  Witsius,  (Econ.  Fed.  lib.  4.  c.  9.  s. 
35,  .58;  Hales'  .'inal.  vol.  ii.  p.  HI'S;  Lightfoot  in 
loc.  and  vol.  i.  p.  707  ;  on  the  two  Evenings,  vide 
Pfeiffer  Diffic.  loc.  SS.  Cent.  Print,  p.  225  ;  for  the 
last  sentence  of  the  note,  vide  Horsley's  Bib. 
Crit.  vol.  i.  p.  92;  and  Pfeiffer  in  loc.  Cent.  Prim. 
p.  229. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  PLAGUES  OF  EGYPT— NINTH  PLAGUE. 


145 


d  Ex.  13.  3,  6,  7. 

&  23.  18.  &  34. 

25.  De.  16.  3. 

1  Co.  5.  8. 
e  De.  16.  7. 
/Ex.23.  18. 


h  Nu.  33.  4. 

*  Oi, princes.  Ex. 
21.  6.  &  22. 
28.  Ps.  82.  1,  6. 
John  10.  34,  35. 

t  Heb.  for  a  de- 
struction. 

i  Ex.  13.  9. 
j  See  ver.  8. 


k  Ge.  17.  14.  Nu. 
9.  13. 


X  Heb.  soul, 
m  See  Ex.  13.  3. 


'  And  they  shall  take  of  the  blood,  and  strike  it  on  the  two  side  posts 
and  on  the  upper  door  post  of  the  houses,  wherein  they  shall  eat  it. 
^And  they  shall  eat  the  flesh  in  that  night,  roast  with  fire,  and  "unleav- 
ened bread,  and  with  bitter  herbs  they  shall  eat  it.  ^  Eat  not  of  it  raw, 
nor  sodden  at  all  with  water,  but  'roast  with  fire ;  his  head  with  his 
legs,  and  with  the  purtenance  thereof.  ^^  And  -^ye  shall  let  nothing  of 
it  remain  until  the  morning ;  and  that  which  remaineth  of  it  until  the 
morning  ye  shall  burn  with  fire. 

"  And  thus  shall  ye  eat  it ;  with  your  loins  girded,  your  shoes  on 
your  feet,  and  your  staff"  in  your  hand  ;  and  ye  shall  eat  it  in  haste  :  it  is 
the  Lord's  Passover.  ^^For  °1  will  pass  through  the  land  of  Egypt  this 
night,  and  will  smite  all  the  firstborn  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  both  man 
and  beast ;  and  ''against  all  the  *gods  of  Egypt  I  will  execute  judgment : 
I  am  the  Lord.  ^^  And  the  blood  shall  be  to  you  for  a  token  upon  the 
houses  where  ye  are ;  and  when  I  see  the  blood,  I  will  pass  over  you, 
and  the  plague  shall  not  be  upon  you  tto  destroy  you,  when  I  smite 
the  land  of  Egypt. 

I'*  And  this  day  shall  be  unto  you  ^for  a  memorial,  and  ye  shall  keep 
it  ^a  feast  to  the  Lord  throughout  your  generations ;  ye  shall  keep  it 
a  feast  by  an  ordinance  for  ever.  ^^  Seven  days  shall  ye  eat  unleavened 
bread  ;  even  the  first  day  ye  shall  put  away  leaven  out  of  your  houses  ; 
for  whosoever  eateth  leavened  bread  from  the  first  day  until  the  seventh 
day,  Hhat  soul  shall  be  cut  off"  from  Israel.  ^^  And  in  the  first  day  there 
shall  be  'a  holy  convocation,  and  in  the  seventh  day  there  shall  be  a 
holy  convocation  to  you  ;  no  manner  of  work  shall  be  done  in  them, 
save  that  which  every  tman  must  eat,  that  only  may  be  done  of  you. 
^^  And  ye  shall  observe  the  feast  of  unleavened  bread  ;  for  "'in  this  self- 
same day  have  I  brought  your  armies  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt :  therefore 
shall  ye  observe  this  day  in  your  generations  by  an  ordinance  for  ever. 

^^In  "the  first  month,  on  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  month  at  even, 
ye  shall  eat  unleavened  bread,  until  the  one  and  twentieth  day  of  the 
month  at  even.  ^^  Seven  days  shall  there  be  no  leaven  found  in  your 
houses  ;  for  whosoever  eateth  that  which  is  leavened,  even  that  soul 
shall  be  cut  oft^  from  the  congregation  of  Israel,  whether  he  be  a 
stranger,  or  born  in  the  land.  ^"  Ye  shall  eat  nothing  leavened ;  in  all 
your  habitations  shall  ye  eat  unleavened  bread." 


PART    VI. 

CONCLUSION  OF   THE   TEN    PLAGUES. 

Section  I. —  The  Ninth  Plague — TJiree  Days'  Darlcness.^^^^ 
ExoD.  X.  21-27. 
21  AND  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Stretch  ''out  thy  hand  toward 
heaven,  that  there  may  be  darkness  over  the  land  of  Egypt,  *even 
darkness  which  may  be  felt."  ^~  And  Moses  stretched  forth  his  hand 
toward  heaven  ;  and  there  was  a  Hhick  darkness  in  all  the  land  of 
Egypt  three  days :  ^^  they  saw  not  one  another,  neither  rose  any  from 
his  place  for  three  days :  'but  all  the  children  of  Israel  had  light  in 
their  dwellings. 

2-*  And  Pharaoh  called  unto  Moses,  and  said,  "  Go  ye,  serve  the  Lord  ; 
only  let  your  flocks  and  your  herds  be  stayed :  let  your  httle  ones  also 
]  \\eh  into  our     „q  ^jt]^  vou."  ^5  And  Moscs  Said,  "  Thou  must  give  tus  also  sacrifices 

lianas.  o  J  .  „  it  /^      l 

and  burnt  oflTerings,  that  we  may  sacrifice  unto  the  Lord  our  uod. 
22  Our  cattle  also  shall  go  with  us  ;  there  shall  not  a  hoof  be  left  behind  ; 

(15)  The  ninth  plague  asserted  the  same  truths,     moon,  nor  stars,  could  preserve  them  from  this  au- 
The  heavenly  host  were  the  favorite  objects  of  ado-     pernatural  darkness, 
ration  with  the  Egyptians.     Yet  neither  sun,  nor 

VOL.     I.  19  M 


SECT.  I. 

A.  M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 
Hales,  1648. 

Egypt. 

a  Ex.  9.  2-3. 

*  Fleb.  that  one 
may  feel  dark- 

b  Ps.  105.28. 

Wis.  17.  2,  &c. 
c  Ex.  8.  20.  Wig. 


146  THE  PASSOVER  EATEN— TENTH  PLAGUE.  [Period  HI. 

for  thereof  must  we  take  to  serve  the  Lord  our  God ;  and  we  know 
dEx.  4. 21.  &      not  with  what  we  must  serve  the  Lord,  until  we  come  thither."  -^But 
'  ■  the  Lord  ''hardened  Pharaoh's  heart,  and  he  would  not  let  them  go. 

SECT.  II.      Section  IL — The   Passover  eaten; — The   Tenth    Plague — Tlie  Firstborn 


A.  M.  2513. 
B. C.  1491. 


ExoD.  X.  28,  29,  chap.  xi.  1-10,  and  chap.  xii.  21- 


H&LEs,  1648.       God's  message  to  the  Israelites  to  borroic  jewels  of  their  neighbours.     4  Moses  threateneih  Pharaoh 
„  with  the  death  of  the   firstborn.  —  Chap.  x.  28  Pharaoh  banisheth  Moses.  —  Chap.  xii.  21  Tlie 

^P  Passover  eaten.     29  Thefrstbom  slain. 

^  And  the  Lord   said  unto  Moses,  "  Yet  will  I  bring  one     Esod.  xi. 

plague  more  upon  Pharaoh,  and  upon  Egypt ;  afterwards  he 
a  Ex.  12. 31, 33,    will  let  you  go   heucc  :   "when  he  shall  let  you   go,  he   shall   surely 
^^'  thrust  you  out  hence  altogether.  -  Speak  now  in  the  ears  of  the  people, 

and  let  every  man  borrow  of  his  neighbour,  and  every  woman  of  her 
i  See  Ex.  3. 22.  neighbour,  'jewels  of  silver,  and  jewels  of  gold."  ^  And  ^the  Lord  gave 
e  See  Ex.  3. 21.  ^|-,g  people  favor  in  the  sight  of  the  Egyptians.  Moreover  the  man 
'*g2Sa^7.j.^st^.   ''Moses  was  very  great  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  in  the  sight  of  Pharaoh's 

servants,  and  in  the  sight  of  the  people. 
'gSee^Ex.  12. 12,        4  j^,^^j  Moscs  Said,  "  Thus  saith  the   Lord,  'About  midnight  will  I 
/  Am.  4. 10.        go  out  into  the  midst  of  Egypt.  ^  And  •'^all  the  firstborn  in  the  land  of 

Egypt  shall  die,  from  the  firstborn   of  Pharaoh  that  sitteth  upon  his 

throne,  even  unto  the  firstborn  of  the  maidservant  that  is  behind  the 
^5^17  wu^is^io'  ^^^ '  ^"*^  ^'^  ^^^^  firstborn  of  beasts.  ^  And  'there  shall  be  a  great  cry 

throughout  all  the  land  of  Egypt,  such  as  there  was  none  hke  it,  nor 
ft  Ex.  8. 22.  gj^^ji  {jg  Y\ke  it  any  more.  "But  Vgainst  any  of  the  children  of  Israel 
iJo3. 10. 21.        'shall  not  a  dog  move  his  tongue,  against  man  or  beast;  that   ye  may 

know  how  that  the  Lord  doth  put  a  diflerence  between  the  Egyptians 
;  Ex.  12. 33.         and  Israel.  ®  And  ^all  these  thy  servants  shall  come  down  unto  me,  and 

bow  down  themselves  unto  me,  saying.  Get  thee  out,  and  all  the  people 
'tS/ecffo^ju!     *'h^^  follow   thee  ;   and  after   that   I  will  go  out."  ^^^  And  (17)Exod.  x. 
4. 10.  &  8. 5.'     Pharaoh  said  unto  him,  "  Get  thee  from  me,  take  heed  to       28,29. 
2KJ.3.9.  '       thyself,  see  my  face  no  more  ;  for  in  that  day  thou  seest  my 

face  thou  shaft  die."  -^  And  Moses  said,  "  Thou  hast  spoken     ^^^^  ^. 
iHeb.  11.27.       well,  *I  will  see  thy  face  again  no  more."     ^  And  he  went        s-io. 
^  Hih.  heat  of  anr.  out  froiii  Phaiaoh  in  fa  great  anger. 

I  Ex.3. 19.  &  7.        ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "Pharaoh  'shall  not  hearken  unto 
4.  &  10. 1.         yQ^^  .    ^^^^^  "-j^y  wonders  may  be  multiplied  in  the  land  of  Egypt." 

'^^  And  Moses  and  Aaron  did  all  these  wonders  before  Pharaoh  ;  and 
»jEx.^io_. -M,  27.  "the  Lord  hardened  Pharaoh's  heart,  so  that  he  would  not  let  the 
22.  ciiildren  of  Israel  go  out  of  his  land. 

-^  Then  Moses  called  for  all  the  elders  of  Israel,  and  said    Esod.  xii- 
oNu.  9. 4. 2Ki.    unto  them,  "  Draw  "out  and  take  you  a  tlamb  according  to       ~-    • 
soiMauae^is,    your  families,  and  kill  the  passover.  '-^^  And  ^'ye  shall  take  a  bunch  of 
XOT,kid.  hyssop,  and  dip  it  in  the  blood  that  is  in  the  bason,  and  strike  the  lintel 

J)  He'.  11.28.        and  the  two  side  posts  with  the  blood  that  is  in  the  bason  ;  and  none 

('6)    The  tenth  plague  was   an   assertion  of  the  family  united   in  the  expression  of  sorrow  :  what 

right   of  Jehovah   to    the  firstborn.     In  the  patri-  must'the  scene  have  been,  wl)en.  at  midnight,  the 

archal  dispensation,  which  tlie  Egyptians  had  per-  Lord  smote  all  the  firstborn  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 

verted,  the  firstborn  were  devoted  to  God  ;  in  addi-  from  the  firstborn  of  Pharaoh  on  the  throne,  to  the 

lion  to  which,  Moses  liad  declared  Israel  to  be  the  firstborn  of  tlie  captive  in  the  dungeon :  when  the 

firstborn  of  Jehovah.     The  true  God  therefore  de-  kin^,  and  his  servants,  and  all  the  people,  rose  up 

manded  those  of  the  children  of  the  Egyptians  who  in  the  night :  and  "  there  was  a  great  cry  in  Egypt ; 

ought  to  have  been  dedicated  to  his  service.     He  for  there  was  not  a  house  where  there  was  not  one 

destroyed  them  in    a  moment,  at  midnight.     The  dead  !'" — Bryant    On    the    Plag-iies,    &c. ;    Bishop 

Israelites  were  saved,  by  eating  the  god  whom  the  Gleig's  Dissrrtntion,  in  Stackhouse,  vol.  i.  p.  472  ; 

Egyptians  worshipped.     The    terrors  of  that  mo-  Hales'  .^nahj.iis,  vol.  ii.  p.  It:()-in9. 
ment   have  never  been  equalled  by  any  scene  of         ('')  These  two  verses  are  inserted   here  on  the 

distress  which  has  since  been  recorded  in  history,  authority  of  Dr.  Hales  (.^7ial.  vol.  ii.  p.  197);  the 

It  was  the  custom  of  the  Egyptians  to  rush  from  rest  of  the  arrangement  of  this  part  is  made  on  the 

the  house  into  the  street,  to  bewail  the  dead  with  authority  of  Lightfoot. 
loud  and  bitter  outcries ;  and  every  member  of  the 


Part  VIIL] 


g  Ez.  9.  6.  Re.  7. 

3.  &  9.  4. 
r2Sa.  24.  16. 

I  Co.  10.  10. 

s  Ex.  3.  8,  17. 

£Ex.  13.8,  14. 
De.  32.  7.  Jos.  4. 
6.  Ps.  78.  6. 


;  Ex.  4.  31. 
He.  11.  38. 


«>  Nu.  8. 17.  &  33. 

4.  Ps.  78.  51.  & 
105.  36.  &  135. 
8.  &  136.  10. 

zEx.  4.  23.&  11. 

5.  Wis.  18.  11. 
X  Heb.  house  of 

the  pit. 
y  Pr.  21.  13.  Am. 
5.  17.Ja.2.  13. 


PART    VII. 

A.  M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1648. 

Egypt. 

a  Ex.  11.  1.  Ps. 

105.  38. 
4  Ex.  10.  9. 
c  Ex.  10.  26. 
d  Ge.  27.  34. 
eEx.  11.8. 
/Ge.  20.  3.  Or, 

We  are  all  as 

dead  men.— Ed. 
*  Or,  dough.  Ex. 

8.3. 
g- Ex.  3.  22.  &  11. 

2. 
h  See  Ex.  3.  21. 


;  See  Ge.  15.  13. 


I  Heb.  a  night  of 
obseroations. 
See  De.  16.  6. 


THE   EXODUS— FIRST  JOURNEY. 


147 


of  you  shall  go  out  at  the  door  of  his  house  until  the  morning.  23  For 
the  Lord  will  pass  through  to  smite  the  Egyptians  ;  and  when  he 
seeth  the  blood  upon  the  lintel,  and  on  the  two  side  posts,  the  Lord 
will  pass  over  the  door,  and  'will  not  suffer  'the  Destroyer  to  come  in 
unto  your  houses  to  smite  you.  '-^^  And  ye  shall  observe  this  thing  for 
an  ordinance  to  thee  and  to  thy  sons  for  ever.  -^And  it  shall  come  to 
pass,  when  ye  be  come  to  the  land  which  the  Lord  will  give  you,  'ac- 
cording as  he  hath  promised,  that  ye  shall  keep  this  service.  ^6  And  4t 
shall  come  to  pass,  when  your  children  shall  say  unto  you,  What  mean 


ye  by  this 


That  ye  shall  say.  It  is  the  sacrifice  of  the  Lord's 


Passover,  who  passed  over  the  houses  of  the  children  of  Israel  in  Egypt, 
when  he  smote  the  Egyptians,  and  delivered  our  houses."  And  the 
people  "bowed  the  head  and  worshipped.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel 
went  away,  and  Mid  as  the  Lord  had  commanded  Moses  and  Aaron, 
so  did  they. 

23  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  at  midnight  "the  Lord  smote  all  the 
firstborn  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  ^from  the  firstborn  of  Pharaoh  that  sat 
on  his  throne  unto  the  firstborn  of  the  captive  that  was  in  the  tdun- 
geon  ;  and  all  the  firstborn  of  cattle.  ^^  And  Pharaoh  rose  up  in  the 
night,  he,  and  all  his  servants,  and  all  the  Egyptians  ;  and  there  was 
^a  great  cry  in  Egypt,  for  there  was  not  a  house  where  there  was  not 
one  dead. 


PART     VII 

THE   EXODUS. 


ExoD.  xii.  31-36,  and  40-42. 
31  AND  °he  called  for  Moses  and  Aaron  by  night,  and  said,  "  Rise 
up,  and  get  you  forth  from  among  my  people,  'both  ye  and  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel ;  and  go,  serve  the  Lord,  as  ye  have  said.  ^^  Also  'take 
your  flocks  and  your  herds,  as  ye  have  said,  and  be  gone :  and  "bless 
me  also."  ^^  And  'the  Egyptians  were  urgent  upon  the  people,  that  they 
might  send  them  out  of  the  land  in  haste  ;  for  they  said,  "  We  -^e  all 
dead  men."  ^'^  And  the  people  took  their  dough  before  it  was  leavened, 
their  *kneadingtroughs  being  bound  up  in  their  clothes  upon  their 
shoulders.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  according  to  the  word  of 
Moses  ;  and  they  borrowed  of  the  Egyptians  'jewels  of  silver,  and 
jewels  of  gold,  and  raiment,  ^e  And  Hhe  Lord  gave  the  people  favor 
in  the  sight  of  the  Egyptians,  so  that  they  lent  unto  them  such  things 
as  they  required.     And  they  spoiled  the  Egyptians. 

40  Now  the  sojourning  of  the  children  of  Israel,  who  dwelt  in  Egypt, 
was  'four  hundred  and  thirty  years.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end 
of  the  four  hundred  and  thirty  years,  even  the  selfsame  day  it  came 
to  pass,  that  alPthe  hosts  of  the  Lord  went  out  from  the  land  of 
Ecypt.  '^^  It  is  ta  night  to  be  much  observed  unto  the  Lord  for  bring- 
ing them  out  from  the  land  of  Egypt :  this  is  that  night  of  the  Lord 
to'be  observed  of  all  the  children  of  Israel  in  their  generations. 


A.   M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1648. 

Rameses  to  Suc- 

coth. 


PART    VIII. 

THE   WANDERING   IN   THE   WILDERNESS. 

Section  I. —  The  First  Journey — Froin  Rameses  to  Succotk.^^^^ 
Num.  xxxiii.  1-5.— Exod.  xii.  37-39. 
1  THESE  are  the  journeys  of  the  children  of  Israel,  which  Num  xxxiii. 


went 


forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  with  their  armies  under 


('8)  For  the  sake  of  greater  clearness,  the  wan- 


derings of  the  Israelites  in  the  wilderness  are  ar-     might  have  entered  Canaan  within   th£_  space  of 
rano-ed,  according  to  the  itinerary  of  Moses,  Numb,     forty    days, 


xxxiii.,  in  forty-two  journeyings.      The  Israelites 
entered  Canaan  with 
instead   of   forty  years.     They   were 


148  THE  WANDERING  IN  THE  WILDERNESS;        [Period  IIL 

the  hand  of  Moses  and  Aaron.  ^  And  Moses  wrote   their  goings  out 

according  to  their  journeys  by  the  commandment  of  the   Lord  :  and 

these  are  their  journeys  according  to  their  goings  out.   ^  And  they  de- 

o Ex.  12, 2.  &  13.  parted  from  Rameses  in  "the  first  month,  on   the  fifteentli   day  of  the 

first  month  ;  on  the  morrow  after  the  Passover  the   cliildren   of  Israel 

JEx.  14.8.         went  out  'with  a  high  hand  in  the  sight  of  all  the  Egyptians.  "*  For  the 

cEx.  12. 29.        Egyptians  buried  all  their  firstborn,  "which  the  Lord  had  smitten  among 

M^i/V^ig^i.  them  ;  ''upon  their  gods  also  the  Lord  executed  judgments. 

Re.  12. s.  37 ^jjd  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed  from  'Rameses  to    ^^.°°„,^"- 

eGe.47. 11.        Succoth,  about  ^six  hundred  thousand  on  foot  that  were  men, 

/Ge.  12. 2. & 46.  bcsidcs  children.  ^'^  And  *a  mixed  multitude  went  up  also  with  them; 

Nu.i'.  46.  &'ii.  and  flocks,  and  herds,  even  very  much  cattle.  ■^'-'And  tiiey  baked  un- 

*^Heb  a  •n-eat      Icavencd  cakcs  of  the  dough  which  they  brought  forth  out  of  Egypt, 

miziure.%u.  11.   for  it  was  not  leavened  ;  because  ^they  were  thrust  out  of  Egypt,  and 

could  not  tarry,  neither  had  they  prepared  for  themselves  any  victual. 

Num.  xxxiii.  5.     And  the  children  of  Israel   removed  from  Rameses,  and  pitched  in 
Succoth. 

SECT\  u.  Section  II. —  The  Command  for  Observing  the  Passover  is  renewed. 

A.  M.  2513.  ExoD.  xii.  43,  to  the  end,  and  xiii.  1-19. 

The  ordinance  of  the  Passover.  —  Chap.  xiii.  1  The  firstborn  are  sanctified  to  God.  3  Tlie  memo- 
rial of  the  Passover  is  commanded.  1 1  ThefrstUngs  of  beasts  are  set  apart.  17  The  Israelites 
go  out  of  Egypt,  and  carry  Joseph's  bones  with  them. 

■^3  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses  and  Aaron,  "  This  is  "the  ordinance 

a  Nu.  9. 14.         of  the  Passover.     There  shall   no  stranger  eat   thereof ;   '^  but  every 

b  Ge.  17. 12, 13.    man's  servant  that  is  bought  for  money,  when  thou  hast  ''circumcised 

cLe.22. 10.        him,  then   shall  he   eat   thereof.  "^^  A  'foreigner   and   a  hired  servant 

shall  not  eat  thereof.  "^^  In  one  house  shall  it  be  eaten  ;   thou  shall  not 

d  Nu.  9. 12.  John  carry  forth  aught  of  the  flesh  abroad  out  of  the  house  ;  neither  "shall 

«n'u.  9. 13.         ye  break  a  bone  thereof.  •*' All  the  congregation  of  Israel  shall  *keep 

*Heb.  doif.        it.  48^j^(j  -^when  a  stranger  shall  sojourn  with  thee,  and  will  keep  the 

/Nu.9.  14.         Passover  to  the  Lord,  let  all  his  males  be  circumcised,  and  then  let  him 

come  near  and  keep  it ;  and  he  shall  be  as  one  that  is  born  in  the  land  ; 

^nu.  15^15, 16.    for  no  uncircumcised  person  shall  eat  thereof.  '^^One  ^law  shall  be  to 

him  that  is  homeborn,  and  unto  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  among  you." 

^^  Thus  did  all   the  children  of  Israel ;    as  the  Lord  commanded 

Moses  and  Aaron,  so  did  they.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  the  selfsame  day, 

A  See  Ex.  3.8.     t}^a,t  the  LoRD  'did  bring  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  the  land  of 

Egypt  by  their  armies. 

^  And   the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying, -"  Sanctify   Exod.  xiii. 
Ex.  22. 29, 30.    'unto  me  all  the  firstborn,  whatsoever  openeth  the  womb       l-i'*- 
2tj.  Nu.  3. 1*3.  &  amono;  the  children  of  Israel,  both  of  man  and  of  beast :  it  is  mine.'* 

8.  16,  17.  &  r  ^ 


B.  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1648. 

Succotli. 


3 And  Moses  said  unto  the  people,  "Remember  nhis  day,  in  which 

Ex  i^i6  42     y^  ^^"^*^  ^^^  ^""^'^  Egypt,  out  of  the  house  of  tbondage  ;  for  *by  strength 

'of  hand  the  Lord  brought  you  out  from  this  place :  'there  shall  no 

leavened  bread  be  eaten.  '^  This  '"day  came  ye  out  in  the  month  Abib. 

^  "  And  it  shall  be  when  the  Lord  shall  "bring  thee  into  the  land  of 

the  Canaanites,  and   the  Ilittites,  and  the  Amorites,  and  the  Hivitcs, 

and  the  Jebusites,  which  he  "sware  unto  thy  fathers  to  give  thee,  a  land 

pEx.  12.25,26.    flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  ''that  thou  shall  keep  this  service  in  this 

ilrie^"' ^'' ^'    month.  ^  Seven  Mays   thou  shall  eat  unleavened  bread,  and  in   llie 

seventh  day  shall  be  a  feast  to  the  Lord.  ^  Unleavened  bread  shall  be 

See  Ex.  12. 8,    ealcn  seven  days ;  and  there  shall  '"no   leavened  bread  be  seen  with 

thee,  neither  shall  there  be  leaven  seen  with  thee  in  all  thy  quarters. 


j  Ex.  12, 

t  Heb.  servants. 

l!  See  Ex.  6.  1. 

I  Ex.  12.  8. 

m  Ex.  23.  15.  & 

34.  18.  De.  10. 
71  See  Ex.  3.  8. 

i  See  Ge.  12.  2. 


however  commanded  to  wander  in  the  wilderness  had  been  corrupted  by  Egyptian  superstition,  would 

during  that  length  of  time  for  the  wisest  purposes,  have    died  away — and  the  rising  generation,  sup- 

They^were  by  tiiis  means  gradually  inured  to  war,  ported  by  continued  miracles,  would  be  trained  up 

and  prepared  for  obtaining  possession  of  the  proiii-  in  obedience  to  the  God  of  their  fathers. — Burnet's 

ised  land — they  were  not  in  so  much  danger  of  re-  Boyle  s  Lecture,  vol.  ii.  p.  193. 
lapsing  into   idolatry — the   old    generation,   which 


Part  VIII.] 


t  Ex.  1-3.  14. 

Nu.  15.  39.  De. 

(i.  8.  &  11.  18. 

Pr.  1.  9.  [s.  49. 

16.  Je.  23.  -24. 

Mat.  23.  5. 
u  Ex.  12.  14,  24. 


J  Keb.  cause  to 
pass  over.  See 


THIRD  JOURNEY— TO  PI-HAHIROTH. 


149 


Or,  kid. 


X  Nu.  3.  4G,  47. 

y  Ex.  12.  26.  De. 

6.  20.  Jos.  4.  U, 

21. 
t  Heb.  to-morrojo. 

I  Ex.  12.  29. 


a  Ex.  14.  11,  12. 

Nu.  14.  1-4. 
6  De.  17.  li;. 
c  Ex.   14.  2.  Nu. 

33.  6,  &.C. 
I  Or,  by  Jive  in  a 

rank. 
d  See  Ge.  50.  25. 


SECT.  III. 

A.   M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 
Hales,  1648. 

Succoth  to 
Etham. 


a  Ex.  14.  19,  24. 
&  23.  20.  &.  32. 
34.  &  33.  2,  14. 
&  40.  34-38.  Nu. 

9.  15.  &  10.  34. 
&  14.  14.  &  20. 
16.  De.  1.  33. 
Jo3.  5.  13. 
Ne.  9.  12, 

19.  Ps.  78. 14.  &; 
91.  11.  &  99.  7. 
&  105.  39.  Is.  4. 
5.  &  63.  9. 1  Co. 

10.  1. 


SECT.  IV. 

A.  M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 
Hales,  1648. 
Etham  to  Pi- 

hahiroth. 


a  Ex.  13.  18, 
i  Je.  44.  1. 


^  "  And  thou  shalt  'show  thy  son  in  that  day,  saying,  This  is  done 
because  of  that  which  the  Lord  did  unto  me  when  I  caine  fortli  out 
of  Egypt.  » And  it  shall  be  for  'a  sign  unto  thee  upon  thy  hand,  and 
for  a^'memorial  between  thine  eyes,  that  the  Lord's  law  may  be  in  thy 
mouth  ;  for  with  a  strong  hand  hath  the  Lord  brought  thee  out  of 
Egypt.  ^^  Thou  "shalt  therefore  keep  this  ordinance  in  his  season  from 
year  to  year. 

11 "  And  it  shall  be  when  the  Lord  shall  bring  thee  into  the  land  of 
the  Canaanites,  as  "he  sware  unto  thee  and  to  thy  fathers,  and  shall 
give  it  thee,  ^^  that  thou  shalt  tset  apart  unto  the  Lord  all  that  openeth 
the  matrix,  and  every  firstling  that  cometh  of  a  beast  which  thou  hast ; 
the  males  shall  be  the  Lord's.  i=^And  "every  firstling  of  an  ass  thou 
shalt  redeem  with  a  *lamb,  and  if  thou  wilt  not  redeem  it,  then  thou 
shalt  break  his  neck ;  and  all  the  firstborn  of  man  among  thy  children 
""shalt  thou  redeem. 

i"! "  And  ^it  shall  be  when  thy  son  asketh  thee  tin  time  to  come,  saying, 
What  is  this  ?  that  thou  shalt  say  unto  him,  By  strength  of  hand  the 
Lord  brought  us  out  from  Egypt,  from  the  house  of  bondage.  ^^  And 
it  came  to  pass,  when  Pharaoh  would  hardly  let  us  go,  that  "the  Lord 
slew  all  the  firstborn  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  both  the  firstborn  of  man, 
and  the  firstborn  of  beast :  therefore  I  sacrifice  to  the  Lord  all  that 
openeth  the  matrix,  being  males  ;  but  all  the  firstborn  of  my  children 
I  redeem.  ^^  And  it  shall  be  for  a  token  upon  thy  hand,  and  for  front- 
lets between  thine  eyes ;  for  by  strength  of  hand  the  Lord  brought 
us  forth  out  of  Egypt." 

1^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Pharaoh  had  let  the  people  go,  that 
God  led  them  not  through  the  way  of  the  land  of  the  Philistines, 
although  that  was  near;  for  God  said,  "Lest  peradventure  the  people 
"repent  when  they  see  war,  and  Hhey  return  to  Egypt."  ^^  But  God  'led 
the  people  about,  through  the  way  of  the  wilderness  of  the  Red  Sea ; 
and  the  children  of  Israel  went  up  t harnessed  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 
I'JAnd  Moses  took  the  bones  of  Joseph  with  him  ;  for  he  had  straitly 
sworn  the  children  of  Israel,  saying, "  God  ''will  surely  visit  you,  and  ye 
shall  carry  up  my  bones  away  hence  with  you." 

Section  III. —  The  Second  Journey — From  Succoth  to  Etham. 

ExoD.  xiii.  20,  to  the  enrf.— Num.  xxxiii.  6. 

The  Israelites  come  to  Etham.     God  guideth  them  by  a  pillar  of  a  cloud,  and  a  pillar  of  fire. 

20  And  they  took  their  journey  from  Succoth,  and  encamped  in 
Etham,  in  the  edge  of  the  wilderness.  "^  And  the  Lord  "went  before 
them  by  day  in  a  pillar  of  a  cloud,  to  lead  them  the  way  ;  and  by 
night  in  a  pillar  of  fire,  to  give  them  light,  to  go  by  day  and  night. 
22  He  took  not  away  the  pillar  of  the  cloud  by  day,  nor  the  pillar  of 
fire  by  night,  from  before  the  people. 

Num.  xxxiii.  G.  And  they  departed  from  Succoth,  and  pitched  in  Etham,  which  is  in 
the  edge  of  the  wilderness. 

Section  IV. —  The    Third  Journey — From  Etham  to  Pi-hahiroth  ; — 
Pharaoh's  Army  approaches. 
Num.  xxxiii.  7.— Exod.  xiv.  1-18. 

God  instructeth  the  Israelites  in  their  journey.     5  Pharaoh  pursueth  after  them.     10  The  Israelites 
murmur.     13  Moses  comforteth  them.     15  God  instructeth  Moses. 

''  And  they  removed  from  Etham,  and  turned  again  unto  Pi-hahiroth, 
which  is  before  Baal-zephon  :  and  they  pitched  before  Migdol. 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  -  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  "that  they  turn  and  encamp  before  Pi-hahiroth,  between 
^Migdol  and  the  sea,  over  against  Baal-zephon  ;  before  it  shall  ye  en- 
camp by  the  sea.  ^  For   Pharaoh  will  say  of  the   children  of   Israel, 


150  THE  WANDERIMG  IN  THE  WILDERNESS ;         [Period  III. 

ePs.7i.  11.         They  "are   entangled  in  the  land,  the  wilderness   hath  shut  them  in. 

d  Ex.  4. 21.         4  ^j^(j  rfj  ^yju  harden  Pharaoh's  heart,  that  he  shall   follow  after  them, 

«E.T. 9. 16. Eo.    and  I  'will  be  honored  upon  Pharaoh,  and  upon  all  his  host;  -^that  the 

/Ex.  7.  s!  Egyptians  may  know  that  I  am  the  Lord."     And  they  did  so, 

g'Ps.  105.05.  ^And  it  was  told  the  king  of  Egypt  that  the  people  fled;  and  'the 

heart  of  Pharaoh  and  of  his  servants  was  turned  against   the   people, 

and  they  said,  '"  Why  have  we  done   this,  that  we   have  let   Israel  go 

h  Pr.  12. 15.         from  serving  us  ? "  ^  And  ''he  made  ready  his  chariot,  and  took  his  people 

i  Ex.  15. 4.         with  him.'"^    ''  And  he  took  'six  hundred  chosen   chariots,  and  all  the 

chariots  of  Egypt,  and  captains   over   every  one  of  them.  ^  And   the 

j See  Ex.  4.21.     LoRD  ^hardened  the  heart  of  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  and  he  pursued 

k  Ex.  6. 1.  &  13.  after  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  'the  children  of  Israel  went  out  with 

J  Ex^  15.^.  Jos.    a  high  hand.  ^  But  the  'Egyptians  pursued  after  them,  all  the  horses  and 

21. 6. 1  Mac.  4.    chanots  of  Pharaoh,  and  his  horsemen,  and   his  army,  and   overtook 

them  encamping  by  the  sea,  beside  Pi-hahiroth,  before  Baal-zephon. 

^*'  And  when  Pharaoh  drew  nigh,  the  children   of  Israel   lifted   up 

their  eyes,  and,  behold,  the  Egyptians  marched  after  them  ;  and  they 

m Jos.  94. 7.  Ne.   wcrc  sorc  afraid,  and  the  children  of  Israel  "cried  out  unto  the  Lord. 

&  lof.'e.^' "'    "  And  "they  said  unto  Moses,  '•  Because  there  were  no  graves  in  Egypt, 

nPs.  106.7,8.      hast  tliou  takcu  us  away  to  die  in  the  wilderness?  wherefore  hast  thou 

oEx.  5.21.&6.    dealt  thus  with  us,  to  cany  us  forth  out  of  Egypt  ?  ^-Is  "not   this  the 

word  that  we  did  tell  thee  in  Egypt,  saying,  -Let   us   alone,  that   we 

may  serve  the  Egyptians  ? '   For  it  had  been  better  for  us  to  serve  the 

^».*^4i;fo,)3;i4'.  Egyptians,  than  that  we  should  die  in  the  wilderness." 

*  Or,  for  whereas       ^^  Aud  Moscs  Said  uuto  the  pcoplc,  '"  Fcar  ^ye  not,  stand  still,  and  see 

%iua,7to.'^'  the  salvation  of  the  Lord,  which  he  will  show  to  you  to-day :  *for  the 

d^y,  ^c-  Egyptians  whom  ye  have  seen  to-day,  ye  shall  see  them  again  no  more 

'sQ.*&2o!*4.^o9:  for  ever.  ^^  The  'Lord  shall  fight  for  you,  and  'ye  shall  hold  your  peace." 

l%^cb%%^'       ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Wherefore  'criest  thou  unto  me  ? 

Ne.^4. 20.  Is.      gpg^j,  ^j^^^  ^j^g  children  of  Israel,  that  they  go  forward.  ^^  But  lift  'thou 

up  thy  ro^,  and  stretch  out  thy  hand  over  the  sea,  and  divide  it ;  and 

the  children  of  Israel  shall  go  on  dry  ground  through  the  midst  of  the 


rl3.30.  ]5. 
sGe.  15.1. 
t  Ex.  7.  19. 

(1*)   Idolatry,    in   its   grossest  and   most    odious  sequent  ages,  were  known  as  the  maritime  Phoe- 

forms.  had  not  been  long'established  in  Egypt  prior  nicians,    the    Rephaim.    the    Perizzim,    &c.      At 

to  the  time  of  the  E.vodus.     The  Egyptians,  that  is,  length  they  invaded  Egypt,  where  they  made  Ava- 

the  ancient  Alisraim,  who  received  the  people  with  ris,  or  Goshen,  their  chief  residence.     This  event 

great  kindness,  and  whom  the  Israelites  were  there-  took  place  six  years  before  the  birth  of  Abraham, 

fore  directed  to  consider  with  esteem  and  gratitude,  Abimelech  is    supposed  to  have  been  a  feudatory 

do  not  appear  to  have  been  idolators  of  this  descrip-  chief  of  this  race  :  after  the  conference  with  Abra- 

tion  in  the  time  of  Joseph.     It  is  not   improbable  ham,  he  returned  to  Avaris.     The  shepherd  kings 

that   the  preaching   of  Abraham  might  have  had  were  expelled  from  Egypt  by  the  native  Misraim, 

great  effect,  and  preserved  the  Misraim  from  the  about   fifteen  years    before    Joseph    was    sold  into 

surroundinor'contacrion.     They  were  for  a  long  time  Egypt;  and  the   province  of  Goshen,  which   was 

patriarchal°Monotheists.     The  wonderful  miracles  thus   left    vacant,  was  assigned    to  the    family  of 

wrou<rht  among  them  by  IMoses,  the  destruction  of  Jacob,  in  the  second  year  of  the  famine.     So  did 

tlieir  army  and  their  sovereign  in  the  Red  Sea,  and  the   providence   of    God    render    the    contests  of 

the  final  expulsion,  by  the  native  .Misraim,  of  the  nations,  and  the  ambition  of  their  princes,  subser- 

shepherd  kincrs  who  had  introduced  idolatry,  con-  vient  to  the  welfare  of  the  visible  Church, 

tributed,  in  spite  of  the  absurdities  which  charac-  The    shepherd    kings,  however,  were  not  to  be 

terized   the  superstitions  of  Egypt,  to    perpetuate  diverted  from    their    designs.     About  thirt3'-seven 

those  iuster  notions  of  a  Deity,  which  arc  collected  years  after  the  death  of  Joseph,  they  again  invade 

bv  Cudworth,in  his  Intellectual  System,  and  alluded  Ejrvpt,  and  reduce  at  once  to  servitude  the  native 

to  by  Witsius  (JEsyptiaca-  lib.  i.  c.  2,  3,  4,  &c.)  IMisraim,  and  the  Israelites.     They  establish  idol- 

The  oppressors  of  the  Israelites  were  not  the  native  atry  in  its  most  odious  forms  ;  build  the  pyramids  ; 

Misraim,  but  the  shepherd  kings  ;  the  history  of  destroy  the  infants  of  the  Israelites  :  and,  after  en- 

whom  has  given  rise  to  so  much  discussion.     The  during  the    ten    plagues  before  they  release  their 

foUowino-  brief  outline  of  their  history  will  illustrate  slaves  from  bondage,  they  are  overwhelmed  in  the 

the  part °of  the  sacred  narrative  which  we  are  now  Red  Sea;  a  terrible  monument  to  their  kindred  in 

considering.  Palestine  of  the  power  of  the  God  of  Israel.     So 

The  Hursos,  or  shepherd  kings,  originally  settled,  much  were  they  weakened  by  this  calamity,  that 

after   the   dispersion  from  Babel,  near  the  Indian  the  remainder  were  soon  expelled   by   the  native 

Caucasus  ;   from  whence  they  descended  to  Baby-  Misraim ;  and  under  the  guidance  of  Cadmus.  Da- 

lonia.     About  the  time  of  ihe  death  of  Serug,  they  naus,  Cecrops,  and  others',  retired  to  Greece,  Phce- 

left  their  settlements  in  that  jirovince,  and,  proceed-  nicia,  Colchis,  and  other  places. — See  Faber's  Ori- 

intr  round  the  Arabian  desert,  invaded  Canaan  from  gin  of  Pagan  Idolatry,  book  vi.  chap.  5.     "  On  the 

the  north.     There  they  left  colonies,  which,  in  sub-  Shepherd  Kings  of  Egypt." 


Part  VIII.]  JOURNEY  THROUGH  THE  RED  SEA.  151 

«Ex.7.  3.  sea.  1^  And  I,  behold,  "I  will  harden  the  hearts  of  the  Egyptians,  and 

V  See  Ex.  9. 16.    they  sliall  follow  them  ;  and  "I  will  get  me  honor   upon  Pharaoh,   and 

upon  all  his  host,  upon  his  chariots,  and  upon  his  horsemen.  ^^  And 
wEx.  7. 5.  the  Egyptians  "shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord,  when  I  have  gotten  me 

honor  upon  Pharaoh,  upon  his  chariots,  and  upon  his  horsemen." 

SECT.  V.  Section  V. —  The  Fourth  Journey — From  Pi-hahiroth,  through  the  Red  Sea 

-^  and  the  Wilderness  of  Eiham,  or  Shur,  to  Marah  ; — Bloses'  Song. 

A.  M.  2513.  jyyjj   xxxiii.  8.— ExoD.  xiv.  19,  to  the  end,  and  xv.  1-21. 

B.  C.  1491.  y,^^^  ^^^^^^  removeth  behind  the  camp.     21  The  Israelites  pass  through  the  Red  Sea,  23  ichich  drown- 

Hales,  jo4».  ^^i^  ^j^^  Egijptians.  — Chap.  xv.  1  Closes'  So7ig. 

^"''Maraiil  *°        8  ^j^j,  they  departed  from  before  Pi-hahiroth,  and   passed   through 

—  the  midst  of  the  sea  into  the  wilderness,  and  went  three  days'  journey 

in  the  wilderness  of  Etham,  and  pitched  in  Marah. 

a  See  Ex.  13. 21.       19  ^j^^  "the  Augcl  of  God,  which  wcut  bcforc  the  camp  of  Israel, 

removed  and  went  behind  them  ;  and  the  pillar  of  the  cloud  went 

from  before  their  face,  and  stood  behind   them  :  ^o  and  it  came  be- 

*o^co^4  3'"'     tween  the  camp   of    the   Egyptians   and   the    camp  of   Israel;  ''and 

it  was  a  cloud  and  darkness  to  them,  but  it   gave  hght  by  night   to 

these  ;  so  that  the  one  came  not  near  the  other  all  the  night.  ~^  And 

c  See  Go.  8. 1.      Moscs  strctchcd  out  his  hand  over  the  sea  ;  and  'the  Lord  caused  the 

dPs.66.6.  sea  to  go  back  by  a  strong  east  wind  all  that  night,  and  "made  the  sea 

'irkl' T'lt '^'  ^'■y  ^^^^^'  ^"'^  ^''°  waters  were  'divided.  22  And  -^the  children  of  Israel 

Job  26.'  19.  Ps.     went  into  the  midst  of  the  sea  upon  the  dry  ground  :  and  the  waters 

&114.3.  IT'i'.  were  °a  wall  unto  them  on  their  right  hand,  and  on  their  left. 

i3.&63.i2.je.       23  And  thc  Egyptians  pursued,  and  went  in  after  them  to  the  midst 

/Nu.  33. 8.  Ps.     of  the  sea,  even  all  Pharaoh's  horses,  his   chariots,  and  his   horsemen. 

Is.' Gs.^s!^!  Co.   And  it  came  to  pass,  that  in  the  morning  watch  "the  Lord  looked  unto 

/lb  s^o'"^^'  the  host  of  the  Egyptians  through   the  pillar  of  fire  and  of  the  cloud, 

ASeVps".77."i7,    and  troubled  the  host  of  the  Egyptians,  ^^and  took  off  their  chariot 

J^^;  „„^  ,„„^,     wheels,  *tiiat  they  drave  them  heavily  ;  so  that  the  Egyptians  said,  "  Let 

them  to  go  iieavi-  yg  flcc  froiTi  the  facc  of  Israel,  for  the  Lord  fighteth  for  them  against 

the  Egyptians." 

~«  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Stretch  out  thy  hand  over  the 

sea,  that  the  waters  may  come  again  upon   the   Egyptians,  upon  their 

chariots,  and  upon  their  horsemen."  "^  And  Moses  stretched  forth   his 

i  Jos.  4. 18.         hand  over  the  sea,  and  the  sea  ^returned  to  his  strength  when  the  morn- 

^Bti\7\f'    i"g  appeared  ;  and  the  Egyptians  fled  against  it,  and  the  Lord  tover- 

78!o3."  ■  '■      threw  the  Egyptians  in  the  midst  of  the  sea.  ^^  And ^ the  waters  return- 

j  Hab.  3.  8, 13.     g^^  jjj^^  '^covered  the  chariots,  and  the  horsemen,  and  all   tiie  host  of 

k  Ps.  100. 11.       Pharaoh  that  came  into  the  sea  after   them  ;  there  remained   not  so 

J  p..  77. 20.  &  78.  much  as  one  of  them.  ^^But  'the  children  of  Israel  walked  upon   dry 

^^'  ^^'  land  in  the  midst  of  the  sea  ;  and  the  waters  were  a  wall  unto   them 

on  their  right  hand,  and  on  their  left. 

30  Thus  the  Lord  "saved   Israel  that   day  out   of  the   hand  of  the 

^     Egyptians ;  and  Israel  "saw  the  Egyptians  dead  upon   the  sea  shore. 

^^  And  Israel  saw  that  great  twork  which  the  Lord  did  upon  the  Egyp- 

Ex.  4. 31.  &  19.  tians  ;  and  the  people  feared  the  Lord,  and  "believed  the  Lord,  and 

9.  Ps.  106.  12.         ,.  '  .1    TVT 

John  2. 11.  &  11.  his  servant  Moses, 
/ju  5  1  2Sa  ^  Then  sang  ^'Moses  and  the  children  of  Israel  this  song        Exod^xv. 

22.'i.Ps.  loe.     vinto  the  Lord,  and  spake,  saying, — 
gDo.  10.21.  Ps.        "  I  will  sing  unto  the  Lord,  for  he  hath  triumphed  gloriously  : 

&  el:  t  &  lis:        The  horse  and  his  rider  hath  he  thrown  into  the  sea. 

14.  Is.  12.2.         2 'phe 'Lord  is  my  strength  and  song, 
I  Ex  3^"i5  16  "^"^  ^®  "^^  become  my  salvation  : 

I2sL.22.47.  Ps.       He  is  my  God — and  I  will  ''prepare  him  a  habitation  ; 

f,:lh^\}^^'^^'       My  'father's  God— and  'I  will  exalt  him. 
u  Ps.  24. 8.  ^  The  Lord  "is  a  man  of  war  : 


m  Ps.  106.  8,  10. 

J!  Ps.  58.  10 
59.  10. 
X  Heb.  hand. 


152  THE  WANDERING  IN  THE  WILDERNESS  ;        [Period  HI. 

"J^^jI"  3-  ^^-  The  "Lord  is  his  name  ! 

^  Pharaoh's  chariots  and  his  host  liath  he  cast  into  the  sea: 

His  chosen  captains  also  are  drowned  in  the  Red  Sea. 
^  The  depths  have  covered  them : 
wXe.  9.  11.  They  "sank  into  the  bottom  as  a  stone. 

x?3. 118. 15, 16.     6  Thy  ""right  hand,  O  Lord  !  is  become  glorious  in  power : 

Thy  right  hand,  O  Lord  !  hath  dashed  in  pieces  the  enemy. 
y  De.  33.  20.         7  ^j^^j  j,^  ^j^g  grcatncss  of  thine  ''excellency 

Thou  hast  overthrown  them  that  rose  up  against  thee  : 
zPs.59. 13.  is.5.       Thou  sentest  forth  thy  wrath,  which  "consumed  them  as  stubble, 
a  Job  4. 9.  ^  ^nd  "with  the  blast  of  thy  nostrils  the  waters  were  gathered  together, 

6  Ps.  78. 13.  nab.       Thc  'floods  stood  upright  as  a  heap, 

And  the  depths  were  congealed  in  the  heart  of  the  sea. 
cJu.  5.  30.  9  -pj^g  "enemy  said,  I  will  pursue, 

^S%i\f'n^'       ^  ^^'^^^  overtake,  I  will  "^divide  the  spoil ; 
22!    "     '    '         My  lust  shall  be  satisfied  upon  them ; 
*  Or,  repossess.         I  will  draw  my  sword,  my  hand  shall  *destroy  them. 
ePs.  147. 18.       10  Thou  didst  'blow  with  thy  wind — the  sea  covered  them: 

They  sank  as  lead  in  the  mighty  waters. 
/2Sa.7.22_.  iKi.  ^  Who  "^is  like  unto  thee,  O  Lord  !  among  the  fgods  ? 
&86'. 8.^&89.  '       Who  is  like  thee,  "glorious  in  holiness, 
%ht  ^°"  ^-^       Fearful  in  praises,  Moing  wonders  ? 

]  Or,  mighty  ones.  12  Thou  strctchcdst  out  thy  right  hand — the  earth  swallowed  them. 
fps"77^4         ^^  Thou  in  thy  mercy  'hast  led  forth  the  people  which  thou  hast    re- 
Ps.  77. 15,20.  deemed: 

Thou  hast  guided  them  in  thy  strength  unto  •'thy  holy  habitation. 


78.  5-2.  &  80. 
1.  &  lOo.  9.  Is. 


63. 12, 13.  Je.  2.  14  a  -phe  *people  shall  hear,  and  be  afraid  . 

j  Ps.  78. 54.  Sorrow  'shall  take  hold  on  the  inhabitants  of  Palestina. 
*2^25.  j^os!!"^'  ^^  "^^^^^  "^'^^  dukes  of  Edom  shall  be  amazed  ; 

10-  '  The  "mighty  men  of  Moab — trembling  shall  take  hold  upon  them  , 

L^Ge!36!40.  De.  ^^^  °^^^  inhabitants  of  Canaan  shall  melt  away. 
2. 4.'    '    '     ' 

n  Nu.  22.  3.  Hab. 
3.7. 
0  Jos.  5.  1. 

nErio^s.De.  ^^^^  *'^^  people  pass  over,  "which  thou  hast  purchased. 


^^  Fear  '"and  dread  shall  fall  upon  them 

By  the  greatness  of  thine  arm  they  shall  be  as  still  as  a  stone  ; 
Till  thy  people  pass  over,  O  Lord  ! 


a-2.  9.  2  Sa.  7 
23.  Ps.  74.  2.  Is 


^''  Thou  shalt  bring  them  in, 


I'it.  2.  14. 
1  Pe.  2.  9. 
r  Ps.  44.  2.  &.  80. 


43.1,3.  Je.  31."       And  '^plant  them  in  the  mountain  of  thine  inheritance, 

In  the  place,  O  Lord  !  which  thou  hast  made  for  thee  to  dwell  in, 
In  the  'Sanctuary,  O  Lord  !  which  thy  hands  have  established. 

5PS.78. 54.         ^^  The  'Lord  shall  reign  for  ever  and  ever." 

tPs.  )o.  16.  Is.          19  For  the  "horse  of  Pharaoh  went  in  with  his  chariots  and  with  his 

liPr.  21. 31.        horsemen  into  the  sea,  and  the  Lord  brought  again  the  waters  of  the 
sea  upon  them  ;  but  the  children  of  Israel  went  on  dry  land  in  the 

»Nu.26.  59.        midst  of  the  sea. 

roJu.  11.34. &         -''And  Miriam  the  prophetess,  the  "sister  of  Aaron,  "took  a  timbrel 

21.  21.  1  Sa.   18.    .       ,  ,  ,  I        1,       1  r  1  ■    I         •      1        , 

6. 2Sa.  6.  iG.     ui  her  hand  ;  and  all   the  women   went  out  after  her   with  timbrels 
i49.^.'&'i5o.  4.  and  with  dances.  ~'  And  Miriam  ""answered  them, — 
Je.  31.4, 13.  (I  gjjjg  j.p  ^Q  ^i^g  Lord,  for  he  hath  triumphed  gloriously  ; 

The  horse  and  his  rider  hath  he  thrown  into  the  sea." 


SECT.  VI. 


A.  M.   2.-.13. 
B.  C.  1491. 


Section  VI. —  Thc  Israelites  murmur  at  Mar  ah. 

ExoD.  XV.  22-26. 

The  people  want  water.     23  Tlie  waters  at  Marah  are  bitter.     25  A  tree  sweeteneth  them. 


Hales,  kms.  ^2  g^  ]\ioses  brought  Israel  from  the  Red  Sea,  and  they  went  out 
into  the  wilderness  of  "Shur;  and  they  went  three  days  in  the  wilder- 
ness, and  found  no  water.  ^^  And  when  they  came  to  'Marah,  they 


Slarali. 


Ge.  IG.  7. 


6  Nu.  33.  8.         could  uot  drink  of  the  waters  of  Marah,  for  they  were  bitter  ;  there- 


SECT. 

VII. 

A.  W. 

2513. 

B.  C. 

1491. 

Hales. 

,  1648. 

Marahto  the 
Red  Sea. 

Part  VllL]  SEVENTH  JOURNEY— WILDERNESS  OF  SIN.  153 

*That  is,  biitm-  fore  the  name  of  it  was  called  *Marah.  ^*  And  the  people  "murmured 
cEx?i6!2.&?7;  against  Moses,  saying,  "  What  shall  we  drink?  "  -'^  And  he  "cried  unto 

^-  the  Lord  ;  and  the  Lord  showed  him  'a  tree,  which   when  he  had 

'^i7.%.^Ps!5b^i5.  cast  into  the  waters,  the  waters  were  made  sweet.  There  he  -^made 
esee2  Ki.  2.  21.  fo^  them  a  Statute  and  an  ordinance,  and  there  ^he  proved  them,  ^'^  and 
/stt'/ot 24.  23.  said,  "If  ''thou  wilt  diligently  hearken  to  the  voice  of  the  Lord  thy 
g-^E^x.^  16.^4.  De^   Qod,  and  wilt  do  that  which  is  right  in  his  sight,  and  wilt  give  ear  to 

&3!\%^."i'e.'66;  his  commandments,  and  keep  all  his  statutes,  I  will  put  none  of  these 
A  Do%^i2!i5.  'diseases  upon  thee,  which  I  have  brought  upon  the  Egyptians  ;  for 
i  De.  28. 27, 60.    I  aiD  the  LoRD  ^that  healeth  thee." 

j  Ex.  23.  25.  Vs. 

3!&'i47.*3.^"^'    Section  Nil.— The  Fifth  Journey— From  Mar  ah  to  Elim  :—Thc    Sixth 
Journey — From  Elim  to  the  Red  Sea. 
Num.  x.xxiii.  9,  10.— Exod.  xv.  27. 

^  And  they  removed  from  Marah,  and  came  unto  Elim.  And  in 
Elim  were  twelve  fountains  of  water,  and  threescore  and  ten  palm 
trees  ;  and  they  pitched  there. 

^^  And  they  removed  from  Elim,  and  encamped  by  the  Red  Sea. 
Exod.  xv.  27.     And  they  came  to  Elim,  where  were  twelve  wells  of  water,  and  three- 
score and  ten  palm  trees ;  and  they  encamped  there  by  the  waters. 

SECT.  viii.     ggcTioN  VIIL — The  Seventh  Journey — To  the  Wilderness  of  Sin; — The 
,„  People  murmur  for  Bread. 

A.  M.  2513.  ^                          •' 

B.  C.  1491.  Exod.  xvi. — Num.  xxxiii.  11. 

Hales,  1648.  qj^^  Israelites  come  to  Sin.    2  Tlieij  murmur  for  want  of  bread.     4  God  jpromiseth  them  bread  from 

Wilderness  of  heaven.     \\  Quails  are  sent,  U  and  manna.     \Q  The  ordering  of  manna.     '25  It  was  not  to  be 

Sin.  found  on  the  Sabbath.     32  An  omer  of  it  is  preserved. 

—  1  And  they  took  their  journey  from  Elim,  and  all  the  congregation 

aEz.3o.  15.        of  |.|-,g  children  of  Israel  came  unto  the  wilderness  of  "Sin,  which  is 

between  Ehm  and  Sinai,  on  the  fifteenth   day  of  the  second  month 

after  their  departing  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^  And  the  whole  con- 

6  Ex.  15. 24.1  Co.  o-reo-ation   of  the  children   of  Israel  ''murmured  against    Moses    and 

^^'  ^^'  Aaron  in  the  wilderness.  ^  And  the  children  of  Israel  said  unto  them, 

c  La.  4. 9.  a  Would  'to  God  wc  had  died  by  the  hand  of  the  Lord  in  the  land 

d  Nu.  11. 4, 5.      of  Egypt,  "when  we  sat  by  the  flesh  pots,  and  when  we  did  eat  bread 

to  the  full  ;  for  ye  have  brought  us  forth  into  this  wilderness,  to  kill 

„„  ^,  „.  „   this  whole  assembly  with  hunger." 

']05. 40.  John  6        4  ThcH   sdd  thc  LoRD  uuto  Moscs,  "  Bchold,  I  will  rain  ^read 

31, 32. 1  Co.  10.  ^^^^  heaven  for  you  ;  and  the  people  shall  go  out  and  gather  *a  certain 

*}ieh.  the  portion  yate  cvcry   day,   that  I  may  -^prove   them,  whether  they  will  walk  in 

ly.P.il.t     my  law,  or  no.  ^  And  it  shall  come  to   pass,  that  on   the   sixth  day 

/Ex!"]5.S.        they  shall  prepare  that  which  they  bring  in  ;  and  ^it  shall  be  twice 

^Le'.25. 21.       as  much  as  they  gather  daily." 

6  And  Moses  and  Aaron  said  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel,  "  At 

^G''o8l3(i  ^""      'even,  then  ye  shall  know  that  the  Lord  hath  brought  you  out  from 

i  u.  35. 2.  &  40.    the  land  of  Egypt.  ^  And  in  the  morning,  then  ye  shall  see  'the  glory 

5.  John  u.  4,      ^^  ^j^^  ^^^^  _  ^^^  ^j^^^  j^^  heareth  your  murmurings  against  the  Lord  : 

jNu.  10. 11.        and 'what  arc  we,  that  ye  murmur  against   us?"  ^  And  Moses   said, 

"  This  shall  be,  when  the  Lord  shall  give  you  in  the  evening  flesh  to 

eat,  and  in  the  morning  bread  to  the  full ;  for  that  the  Lord  heareth 

your  murmurings  which  ye  murmur  against  him  :  and   what  are  we  ? 

fcsee  1  sa  s.  7.    your  murmuriugs  are  not  against  us,  but  '^against  the  Lord." 

Lu.^io.  16.  Ro.        9  ^^^  j^Qggg  gpj^]^e  unto  Aaron,  "  Say  unto  all  the  congregation  of 

I  Nu.  16. 10.        the  children  of  Israel,  'Come  near  before  the  Lord  ;  for  he  hath  heard 

your  murmurings."  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  Aaron   spake  unto  the 

whole  cono-regation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  looked  toward 

m  Ex.  13. 21.  N«.  the  vvildevness',  and,  behold,  the  glory  of  the  Lord"  appeared  in  the  cloud. 

i6.i9.ikk8.         u  And  the  Lord  spake   unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  I   have  heard  the 

vol..      T.  '20 


154  THE  WANDERING  IN  THE  WILDERNESS ;     [Period  III. 

murmurings  of  the  children  of  Israel :  speak  unto  them,  saying,  At 

even  ye  shall  eat  flesh,  and  in  the  morning  ye  shall  be  filled  with  bread  ; 

and  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  your  God." 

"ts^Vss^&ioI'       ^^  -^^^  ^^  came  to  pass,  that  at  even  "the  quails  came  up,  and  covered 

40.    '  the  camp ;  and  in  the  morning  "the  dewlay  round  about  the  host.  ^^  And 

0  Nu.  11. 9.         vvhen  the  dew  that  lay  was  gone  up,  behold,  upon  the  face  of  the  wil- 

^8^3'\'~9  ^''    'i^'""^^^  there  lay  'a  small  round  thing,  as  small  as  the  hoar  frost  on 

Pa.'ik-k.'    '    the  ground.  ^^  And  when  the  children  of  Israel  saw  it,  they  said  one 

fOr,  »Tiat,>tAis?  to  another,  "  tit  is   manna:"  for   they  wist  not  what   it   was.     And 

"johliTarir"  ^^os6^  ^^^d  ^^^^  them,  "  This  'is  the  bread  which  the  Lord  hath  given 

'58°iCo.  10. 3.'  you  to  eat.  ^"^This  is  the   thing  which   the  Lord  hath  commanded, 

^o^^w '**^''"'  Grather  of  it  every  man   according  to  his  eating,  an  omer  tfor  every 

*  Heb.  soids.       mau,  according  to  the  number  of  your  *persons  ;  take  ye  every  man 

for  them  w  hich  are  in  his  tents."  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  so, 

and  gathered,  some  more,  some  less.  ^^  And  when  they  did  mete  it 

rsco.  8. 15.       with  an  omer,  ""he  that  gathered  much  had  nothing  over,  and  he  that 

gathered  little  had  no  lack  ;  they  gathered  every  man  according  to  his 

eating.   ^^  And  Moses  said,  •'  Let  no  man  leave  of  it  till  th.e  morning." 

^^  Notwithstanding  they  hearkened  not  unto  JVIoses,  but  some  of  them 

» -yaj- '"^- 25, 26,    ^left  of  it  Until  the  morning,  and  it  bred  worms,  and  stank  ;  and  Moses 

19,20.  1  Ti.  6.  1-11  oi    ?      ,     1  ,  1     •  ■ 

17.  was  wroth  with  them.  -'  And  they  gathered  it  every  morning,  every 

man  according  to  his  eating ;  and  when  the  sun  waxed  hot,  it  melted. 
~-  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  on  the  si.xth  day  they  gathered  twice  as 
much  bread,  two  oniers  for  one  man  ;  and  all  the  rulers  of  the  con- 
gregation came  and  told  Moses.  -^  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  This  is 
that  which  the  Lord  hath  said,  '  To-morrow^  is  the  rest  of  the  holy 
Sabbath  unto  the  Lord  : '  bake  that  which  ye  will  bake  to-day,  and 
seethe  that  ye  will  seethe  ;  and  that  which  remaineth  over  lay  up  for  you 
to  be  kept  until  the  morning."  ^*  And  they  laid  it  up  till  the  morning, 
as  Moses  bade :  and  it  did  not  stink,  neither  was  there  any  worm 
therein.  ^^  And  Moses  said,  '•  Eat  that  to-day,  for  to-day  is  a  Sabbath 

t  Ex.  20. 8-10.  unto  the  Lord  ;  to-day  ye  shall  not  find  it  in  the  field.  '^^  Six  'days  ye 
shall  gather  it ;  but  on  the  seventh  day,  which  is  the  Sabbath,  in  it 
there  shall  be  none." 

^~  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  there  w^ent  out  some  of  the  people  on 
the  seventh  day  for  to  gather,  and  they  found  none.  ~*  x\nd  the  Lord 

"4 'lo  ii' &  10^'  ^^^^  ""^°  Moses,  '-How  long  "refuse  ye  to  keep  my  commandments 

13!  '  ""  '  and  my  laws  ?  ^'^  See  !  for  that  the  Lord  hath  given  you  the  Sabbath, 
therefore  he  giveth  you  on  the  sixth  day  the  bread  of  two  days  ;  abide 
ye  every  man  in  his  place,  let  no  man  go  out  of  his  place  on  the 
seventh  day."  ^^  So  the  people  rested  on  the  seventh  day.  ^^  And  the 

V  Nu.  11. 7, 8.  house  of  Israel  called  the  name  thereof  Manna  ;  "and  it  was  like  co- 
riander seed,  white,  and  the  taste  of  it  was  like  wafers  made  with 
honey. 

■'-And  Moses  said,  "  This  is  the  thing  which  the  Lord  commandeth. 
Fill  an  omer  of  it  to  be  kept  for  your  generations ;  that  they  may  see 
the  bread  wherewith  I  have  fed  you  in  the  wilderness,  when  I  brought 
you  forth  from  the   land  of  Egypt."  ^^And   Moses  said  unto  Aaron, 

10 Heb. 9.  !.  '-Take  "a  pot,  and  put  an  omer  full  of  manna  therein,  and  lay  it  up 
before  the  Lord,  to  be   kept  for   your  generations."  ^'^  As  the  Lord 

'&46S1' nIi^i7   commanded  Moses,  so  Aaron  laid  it  up  ^before  the  Testimony,  to  be 
10.  lie.  10. 5.  '■  kept.  '•^■'  And   the  children  of  Israel  did  eat  manna  ^forty  years,  until 

yNu'..T3. 38.  De.  ^^^Y  Came  to  a  land  inhabited  ;  they  did  eat  manna,  until  they  came 

^- 2, 3.  .io9.  .5.     unto  the  borders  of  the  land  of  Canaan.  ^'' Now  an  omer  is  the  tenth 

if).  .Ve.  9. 10,00, 

21.  John  6. 31,    part  01  an  ephah. 

NiM.  xxxiii.  n.  And  they  removed  from  the  Red  Sea,  .-ind  encamped  in  the  wilderness 
of  Sin. 


Part  VIII.]  TENTH  JOURNEY  — WAR  WITH  AMALEK.  155 


SECT.  IX.       Section  IX. —  The  Eighth  Jmirmy—From  Sin  to  Dophkah  ;—The  Ninth 

Journey — F7-om  Dophkah  to  Alush. 
B.  c.  1491.  Num.  xxxiii.  12,  13. 


Hales,  1648. 

Dophkah. 

Alush. 


12  And  they  took  their  journey  out  of  the  wilderness  of  Sin,  and 
encamped  in  Dophkah. 

12  And  they  departed  from  Dophkah,  and  encamped  in  Alush. 


cUe.  6, 
78.  18,  41.  Is, 
12.  Mat.  4.  7. 
1  Co.  10.  9. 

dEx.  16.2. 


SECT.  X.       Section  X. —  The  Tenth  Journey — From  Alush  to  Rephidim ; — The  People 

—  murmur  for  Water  ; — War  with  Amalek. 

A.  M.  2513.  -^ 

B.  c.  1491.  ExoD.  xvii. — Num.  xxxiii.  14. 

Hales,  1648.  27ie  people  murmur  for  water  at  Rephidim.    5  God  sendeth  Moses  for  water  to  the  rock  inHoreb. 

Rephidim.  8  Anudek  is  overcome  by  the  holding  up  of  Moses'  hands.     15  Moses  buildeth  the  altar  Jehovah- 

nissi. 

E,  16  1  ^  And  "all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed  from 

the  wilderness  of  Sin,  after  their  journeys,  according  to  the  command- 
ment of  the  Lord,  and  pitched  in  Rephidim ;  and  there  was  no  water 
xu.  20. 3, 4.      for  the  people  to  drink.  ^  Wherefore  Hhe  people  did  chide  with  Moses, 
and  said,  "  Give  us  water  that  we  may  drink."  And  Moses  said  unto 
P^-     them,  "  Why  chide  ye  with  me?  wherefore  do  ye  'tempt  the  Lord  ?  " 
''■  ^'  ^  And  the  people  thirsted  there  for  water ;  and  the  people  ''murmured 
against  Moses,  and  said,  "  Wherefore   is   this  that  thou  hast  brought 
us  up  out  of  Egypt,  to  kill  us  and  our  children  and  our  cattle  with 
thirst  ? " 
E  Ex.  14.15.  4An(j  Moses  'cried  unto  the  Lord,  saying,  "What  shall  I  do  unto 

/I  sa.^.  6.  John  ^jjjg  people?  tlicy  be  almost  ready -^to  stone  me."  ^And  the  Lord  said 
/ez!'2^6.*''  '  unto  Moses,  "  Go  ^on  before  the  people,  and  take  with  thee  of  the 
A  Ex. 7. 20.  Nu.  elders  of  Israel;  and  thy  rod,  wherewith  ''thou  smotest  the  river,  take 
iNu%  10  11  "1  thy  hand,  and  go.  ^  Behold,  'I  will  stand  before  thee  there  upon 
*Ps.'78.i5,2o.&  tjie  rock  in  Horeb  ;  and  thou  shalt  smite  the  rock,  and  there  shall 
l%t'.n!^l'    come  water  out  of  it,  that  the  people  may  drink."     And  Moses  did  so 

1  Co.  10.  4.       -^  ^j^^  ^.^.^^  ^^  ^j^g  ^j^gj.g  ^^  jgj.^gj^  7  And  he  called  the  name  of  the 

*That^k,^«enta-  place  *Massah,  and  tMeribah,  because  of  the  chiding  of  the  children 
p7'8h'7^&.  If.  of  Israel,  and  because  they  tempted  the  Lord,  saying,  "  Is  the  Lord 
t  TifaUs^cLm..,  among  us,  or  not  ?  "  i   •     -n      i  •  r        9a     i 

or,  strife.  ^ 'j'l^en  ^camc  Amalck,  aiid  fought  with  Israel  in  Kephidim.  ^Ancl 

iSS'^t/"'  Moses  said  unto  'Joshua,  "Choose  us  out  men,  and  go  out,  fight  with 
Ac%'.45'1ie'.4.  Amalck  ;  to-morrow  I  will  stand  on  the  top  of  the  hill  with  'the  rod 
i  Ex  4  20  of   God  in  my  hand."  ^^  So   Joshua   did  as  Moses  had  said  to  him, 

and  fought  with  Amalek  ;  and  Moses,  Aaron,  and  Hur  went  up  to  the 
c«  Ja.  5. 16.         top  of  the  hill.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Moses  "'held  up  his  hand, 
that  Israel  prevailed  ;  and  wiien  he  let  down  his  hand,  Amalek  pre- 
vailed. 1^  But  Moses'  hands  were  heavy  ;  and  they  took  a  stone,  and 
put  it  under  him,  and  he  sat  thereon  ;  and  Aaron  and  Hur  stayed  up  his 
n  Ex.  34.  27.       hands,  the  one  on  the  one  side,  and  the  other  on  the  other  side  ;  and  his 
"isl^l'f'u'   hands  were  steady  until  the  going  down  of  the  sun.  ^^  And  Joshua  dis- 

2  Sal  8. 12! Ezra  couifited  Auialck  aud  his  people  with  the  edge  of  the  sword.  ^"^And 
A'iai  is,  ,he       the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Write  "this  for  a  memorial  in  a  book,  and 


n^^^'eeyu'Z    rchcarsc  it  in  the  ears  of  Joshua ;  for  °I  will  utterly  put  out  the  re- 
2^-  membrance  of  Amalek  from  under   heaven."  ^^  And  Moses  built  an 

tekl^Xlf  altar,  and  called  the  name  of  it  tJEHOvAH-nissi ;  '^  for  he  said,  "  *Be- 
%rf,^Ta/  cause  tthe  Lord  hath  sworn  that  the  Lord  will  have  war  with  Amalek 
from  generation  to  generation." 


LORD,  there 
fore,  ire 


t  ""^•j f ',^'"„"fg         Num.  xxxiii.  14.    And  they  removed  from  Alush,  and  encamped  at  Rephidim,  where 


upon 


of  the  LORD.      was  no  water  for  the  people  to  drink. 


156  THE  WANDERING  IN  THE  WILDERNESS ;         [Period  III. 

SECT.  XI.  Section  XI. —  The  Eleventh  Journey — From  Rcphidim  to  Sinai ; — Giving 

—  of  the  Lmo. 

A,  M.  2513.  Num.  xxxiii.  15.— Exon.  xix. 

B.  C.  1491.  j,j^^  people  come  to  Sinai.  3  God's  message  bij  Moses  unto  the  people  mit  of  the  mount.  8  Tlie 
Hales,  1647.  people's  answer  returned  again.     10  The  people  are  prepared  against  the  third  day.     12  The 

Sinai.  moinitain  must  not  be  touched.     16  The  fearful  prese?ice  of  God  upon  the  mount. 

15  And  they  departed  from  Rephidim,  and  pitched  in  the  wilderness 
of  Sinai. 

1  In  the  third  month,  when  tlic  children  of  Israel  were  gone  forth 
out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  the  same  day  came  they  into  the  wilderness 
a  Ex.  17. 1, 8.  of  Sinai.  ^  For  they  were  departed  from  "Rephidim,  and  were  come 
to  the  desert  of  Sinai,  and  had  pitched  in  the  wilderness  ;  and  there 
4E.^.  3. 1,12.  Israel  camped  before ''the  mount.  ^  And  'Moses  went  up  unto  God, 
•^„i^^g-g20- 21. Ac.  ^^^  ^i^g  Lord  "called  unto  him  out  of  the  mountain,  saying,  "Thus 
d  Ex.  '3. 4.  shalt  thou  say  to  the  house  of  Jacob,  and  tell  the  children   of  Israel  ; 

e  De.  29. 2.  4  Ye  "havc  sccn  what  I  did  unto  the  Egyptians,  and  how  -^I  bare  you 
■^^^9^Re"i2.H.  on  caglcs'  wings,  and  brought  you  unto  myself.  ^  Now  "'therefore,  if 
g  De.  5.  2.  ye  will  obcy  my  voice   indeed,  and   keep  my  covenant,  then  ''ye  shall 

]TelGl'\\  Job  ^^  ^  peculiar  treasure  unto  me  above  all  people  ;   (for  'all   the  earth 
'Ai^iTv^.-ii."    is  mine  ;)   ^and  ye  shall  be  unto  me  a  kingdom  of  priests,  and  a  holy 
ic^.^VIg,  28.  nation.     These  are  the  words  which   thou   shalt  speak   unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel." 

''  And  Moses  came  and  called  for  the  elders  of  the  people,  and  laid 
before  their  faces  all  these  words  which  tiie  Lord  commanded  him. 
iEx.24.^7.De.  8  And  ^all  the  people  answered  together,  and  said,  ''  All  that  the  Lord 
5.27.^:20.17.  ^^^j^  spoken  we  will  do."  And  Moses  returned  the  words  of  the  peo- 
*24.''i5f  ie".  De.  4.  pie  unto  the  Lord.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Lo,  I  come 
12:  &  97®2."!at.  unto  thcc  'in  a  thick  cloud,  'that  the  people  may  hear  when  I  speak 
^^- ^-  with  thee,  "and  believe  thee  for  ever."  And  Moses  told  the  words  of 

ZDe.  4.  12, 36.  /  ,       ,1        T 

John  12.  29,  30.     the  pCOple  UlltO  tllC  LORD. 

fliEx.  14.31.  10  And   the   Lord  said   unto    Moses, '' Go    unto    the    people,  and 

n  Lev.  11. 44, 45.  "sanctify  them  to-day  and  to-morrow,  and  let  them  "wash  their  clothes, 
^gHHI^.     "  and   be  ready   against  the  third   day  ;  for  the   third  day  the  Lord 

15. 5.  ■  PyfWX  come  down   in   the   sight  of  all  the  people  upon   Mount  Sinai. 

^^ti^'  ^'  ^'''  12  And  thou  shalt  set  bounds  unto  the  people  round  about,  saying, 
5  He.  12. 20.  rpj^i^g  j^gg^j  to  yoursclvcs,  that  ye  go  not  up  into  the  mount,  or  touch 
*oy^ornct,  ver.  ^^^^  ^ordcr  of  it ;  'whosoever  toucheth  the  mount  shall  be  surely  put 
r^^sa.  21.^4^5.     to  death.  ^^  There  shall   not  a  hand   touch   it,  but  he  shall   surely  be 

7.^5.  ■  ■  **■  stoned,  or  shot  through  ;  whether  it  be  beast  or  man,  it  shall  not  live. 
'Jl-il'll-^ti.  When  the  'trumpet  soundeth  long,  they  shall  come  up  to  the  mount." 

Ck.  8. 5.'&  II.'  14  And  Moses  went  down  from  the  mount  unto  the  people,  and 
tEx.40.34.2Ch.  sanctified  the  people  ;  and  they  washed  their  clothes.  ^^  And  he  said 
u'R^'i  10  &  4.  ""to  the  people,  "  Be  ready  against  the  third  day  :  '^come  not  at  your 

1-  wives." 

wDe' 4"fo'  "  ^^  A"^  it  came  to  pass  on  the  third  day  in  the  morning,  that  there 
rDr.'4.u.&33.  were 'thunders  and  lightnings,  and  'a  thick  cloud  upon  the  mount,  and 

fi8.^7;8.'l^s.6!'4.  the  "voice  of  the  trumpet  exceeding  loud  f°^  so  that  all  the  ])cople  that 

^ixh\  &24  ^^^  "^  the  camp  'trembled.  ^^  And  '"Moses  brought  forth  the  people 
^7.''2Ch.■7.  r-3.  out  of  the  camp  to  meet  with  God ;  and  they  stood  at  the  nether  part 
*h4;5^rJ.'i5!8.  of  the  mount.  ^^  And  "Mount  Sinai  was  altogether  on  a  smoke,  because 
a  Ps.' 68. 8.  &  77.  the  Lord  descended  upon  it  ^in  fire  ;  ""and  the  smoke  thereof  ascended 

4^2tHe'!i2.26:  as   the   smokc  of  a  furnace,  and  "the  whole   mount  quaked   greatly. 

(20)  The  glory  of  the  Angel  Jehovah,  which  was  will  again  come  in  the  same  Sliechinah,  the  glory- 
now  seen,  was  the  same  as  that  in  which  he  had  of  the  Lord,  as  when  he  was  then  seen  by  the  elders 
frequently  appeared  :  and  it  is  by  no  means  improb-  of  Israel.  Vide  Mode's  15th  Epistle,  (Works,  b.  iv. 
able  (as  his  future  appearance  at  the  close  of  the  p.  7G2.)  On  the  Groat  Day  of  Judgment;  Scott's 
present  dispensation  is  uniformly  described,  as  a  Christian  Life,  9th  edit,  folio,  p.  52G ;  Lowman  On 
manifestation  of  himself  in  a  human  form,)  that  he  the  Shcchinah. 


Part  VIII.l  GIVING  OF  THE  LAW— THE  MORAL  LAW.                       157 

6  Heb.  12. 21.  19  ^y^^\  ^j^eii  the  voice  of  the  trumpet  sounded  long,  and  waxed  louder 

"s^'l^pf  8i°''7  and  louder,  ^Moses  spake,  and  'God  answered  him  by  a  voice,  ^o  And 

t  Heb!  coiae^i  '  t^g  LoRD  Came  down   upon  Mount   Sinai,  on  the  top  of  the  mount : 

d  See  Ex.  3. 5.  ^^j^j  ^j^g  Lqrd  Called  Moscs  up  to   the   top  of  the  mount ;  and  Moses 


Sa.  6.  19. 


e  Le.  10.  3.  WCUt  Up. 


-^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Go  down,  tcharge   the 
/2la!6.7,8.       pe';^ple7l'est  they  break  through  unto  the  Lord  "to  gaze,  and  many  of 
g.  Jos.  3. 4.  Jj^^^^  perish.    ^~  And  let  the  priests  also,  which  come  near  to  the  Lord, 

______  'sanctify  themselves,  lest  the  Lord  n)reak   forth  upon   them."    ^3  And 

SPOT  xn      Moses  said  unto  the  Lord,  "  The  people  cannot  come  up   to   Mount 

—  *  Sinai ;  for  thou  chargedst  us,  saying,  '  Set  ^bounds  about  the  mount, 
A.  M.2513.  ^j^^  sanctify  it.'  "  -■'  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Away,  get  thee 
Sll'mi.     down,  and  thou   shalt  come   up,  thou,  and  Aaron  with  thee  ;  but  let 

Sinai.         not  the  priests  and   the   people   break  through  to  come  up  unto  the 

—  Lord,  lest  he  break  forth  upon  them."    ~'  So  Moses  went  down  unto 
a  Pee  Ge.  17. 8.    ^^^  peoplc,  and  spakc  unto  them. 

*  Heb.  servants.  SECTION  XII. —  The  Moral  Low. 

cDe.  5.  7.  &6.  „ 

14.Je.25.6.&  EXOD.   X.X.  „«  r;  ,  ,       ■    r 

^5- 15-  Thetencmiim.nd,mnts.     \Q  The  people  are  afraid.     tO  Moses  comforteth  them.     2^  Llolatnj  zsfor- 

d  Le.  26.  1.  De.  bidden.     24.  Oftchat  sort  tlie  altar  should  be. 

gf  :J"f  j";        1  And  God  spake  all  these  words,  saying,—  c    x     ^     a 

23. 7. 2"Ki.'  17.    2  c:  I  "am  the  Lord  thy  God,  which  have  brought  thee  out  ot   the  land 
/E^.^ai!i4.De."  of  Egypt,  'out  of  the  house  of  *bondage. 
j;f«f  fg  Na        ^  "  Thou  'shalt  have  no  other  gods  before  me. 

i?2.' '  ■  ■  4  a  Thou  ''shalt  not  make  unto  thee  any  graven  image,  or  any  hke- 
'^^\^tlA  ness  of  any  thing  that  is  in  heaven  above,  or  that  is  in  the  earth  be- 
job's^'i'l-f  neath,  or  that  is  in  the  water  under  the  earth.  ^  Thou  'shalt  not  bow 
19.  ps.  79.8:  Is,  jjQ^yj-^  thyself  to  them,  nor  serve  them  ;  for  I  the  Lord  thy  God  am  -^a 
a  &  32^^i8.'' "■  jealous  God,  ^visiting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children  unto 
'34\''o^ir28^^"  the  third  and  fourth  generation  of  them  that  hate  me  ;  -^  and  ^showing 
mercy  unto  thousands  of  them  that  love  me,  and  keep  my  command- 


t  Ex.23.  1.  Le. 
19.  12.  De.  5.       mentS.  1         /-I     J     • 

"^ "  Thou  ^shalt  not   take  the   name  of  the  Lord  thy  God  m  vain ; 


1.  Ps.  15. 
Mat.  5.  33.  ,,,,,•  -  - 

j  Mic.6. 11.         for  the  Lord  ^will  not  hold  him  guiltless  that  taketh  his  name  in  vain. 
'Ne!i?if9.'*       '  "  Remember  Hhe  Sabbath  day,  to  keep  it  holy.  ^  Si.x  days  shalt 

Le. 


6.2 
71  De 


. ... ... ...  ^..  thou  labor,  and  do  all  thy  work  ;  1°  but  the  seventh  day  is  the  Sabbath 

]e-35''7"it"l9:  of  the  Lord  thy  God  :  in  it  thou  shalt  not  do  any  work,  thou,  nor  thy 
Ma^t.  15.4.  Ep.  g^j^^  j^Qj.  tj-jy  daughter,  thy  manservant,  nor  thy  maidservant,  nor  thy 
'1.  5. 17.  Mat.  cattle,  nor  'thy  stranger  that  is  within  thy  gates.  ^^  For  in  six  days  the 
o'Df5''i8'M!;  Lord  made  heaven  and  earth,  the  sea,  and  all  that  in  them  is  and 
•'■■  27- '    '         rested  the  seventh  day  :  wherefore  the  Lord  blessed  the  Sabbath  day 

J)  he.  19.  11.  De.  ,    ,      ,,  ,    -^ 

5. 19.  Aiat.  19.    and  hallowed  it. 

i8.iThes.4.6.  12  a  Honor  '"thy  father  and  thy  mother,  that  thy  days  may  be  long 
1  ^f  \^-  \:^^^.    upon  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee. 

^3  '<  Thou    shalt  not  kill. 
'■'"o  H^l-it'        1^  "  Thou  "shalt  not  commit  adultery. 

&#Ro'- 1%       '' "  Thou  ^shalt  not  steal. 

&i3.'9.  Eph.  5.       16  a  Thou  'shalt  uot  bear  false  witness  against  thy  neighbour, 
/j'otsf  g.^Pr  6.       ^^  "  Thou  '"shalt  not  covet  thy  neighbour's  house,  'thou  shalt  not  covet 

'°'Ga~3woo"  "is  And  all  the  people  saw  "the  thunderings,  and  the  lightnings,  and 
h;.i2.i9.  '"  ■  tj^g  j^oise  of  the  trumpet,  and  the  mountain  smoking;  and  when  the 
"oe'- toe  people  saw  it,  they  removed,  and  stood  afar  off.  i^  And  they  said  unto 
''ui.'b."'  ■  ■  Moses  "  Speak  'thou  with  us,  and  we  will  hear  ;  but  "let  not  God  speak 
"  °t '6  'fi  &'■  with  us,  lest  we  die."  ^^  And  Moses  said  unto  the  people,  "  Fear  not ;  for 
20- Ks^'"'  "God  is  come   to  prove  you,  and  "that  his   fear  maybe  before  your 


^29°  .le.  5. 8.  Mat!  ^j^    nciglibour's  wife,  nor  his  manservant,  nor  his  maidservant,  nor  his 
ox,  nor^his  ass,  nor  any  thing  that  is  thy  neighbour' 


20.  &  28.  58. 

c.'i»^.'8.'i1.^°"     faces,  that  ye  sin  not." 

VOL.   I. 


158  THE  JUDICIAL  LAW.  '       [Period  III. 


X  Ex.  19.  16. 
y  Ex.  32.  1,  2,  4 


^^  And  the  people  stood  afar  off.  and  Moses  drew  near  unto  the 
1  sa.  5. 4,'5'.'  "^thick  darkness  where  God  was.  ^-And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses, 
20. 39.  i  43.  s!^'  "  Thus  thou  shalt  say  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  Ye  have  seen  that 
?.\2Co^6.^4i  I  Ji^^'6  talked  with  you  from  heaven.  ~^  Ye  shall  not  make  with  me 
15, 16.  "gods  of  silver,  neither  shall   ye  make   unto  you   gods  of  gold.  ^^  An 

*2].\i4. 23.  &  altar  of  earth  thou  shalt  make  unto  me,  and  shalt  sacrifice  thereon 
2l^'i  Ki.^8.*43!^&  thy  burnt  offerings,  and  thy  peace  offerings,  thy  sheep,  and  thine  oxen  : 
&?'.%?&  19.^'  *^"  ^  places  where  I  record  my  name  I  will  come  unto  thee,  and  I 
Ne'^r9'Vs^'74  "^^  "blcss  thce.  ~^  And  if  'thou  wilt  make  mean  altar  of  stone,  thou 
7.  Je. v.  10, 12. '  shalt  not  f build  it  of  hewn  stone  :  for  if  thou  lift  up  thy  tool  upon  it, 
4De!?7!'5.^"^'  ^^^^  ^'^^^  polluted  it.  ""^  Neither  shalt  thou  go  up  by  steps  unto  mine 
t  Heb.  fru/w  fAcn.  altar,  that  thy  nakedness  be  not  discovered  thereon." 

with  heicins. 


Heb.  with  his 
body. 


Ps.  40.  6. 
[  Ne.  5.  5. 


Section  XIII. —  The  Judicial  Law. 

.-ECT.  xni.  ExoD.  xxi.,  xxii.,  and  xxiii. 

■  Late s  for  menservants.     5  For  the  servant  whose  ear  is  bored.     1  For  tcom£7iservants.     \2  For 

A.  51.  2513.  manslaughter.     16  For  stealers  of  men.     \1  For  cursers  of  parents.     18  For  smiters.     22  For 

B.  C.  1491.  a  hurt  by  chance.     28  For  an  ox  that  goreth.     33  For  him  that  is  an  occasion  of  harm.  —  Chap. 
Hales,  1647.  xxii.  1  Of  theft.     5  Of  damage.     7  Of  trespasses.     14  Of  borrowing.     IG  Of  fornication.     18 

Sinai.  Of  witchcraft.     19  Of  beastiality.     2J0  Of  idolatry.     21  Of  strangers,  widmos,  and  fatherless. 

*  25  Ofusurij.    26  Of  pledges.    28  Of  reverence  to  magistrates.     29  Of  the  frstfruits.  -\Chap. 

xxiii.  1  Of  slander  and  false  witness.  3,  G  Of  Justice.  4  Of  charitableness.  10  Of  the  yeafof 
rest.  12  Of  the  Sahbath.  13  Of  idolatnj.  14  Of  the  three  feasts.  IB  Of  the  blood  and  the 
fat  oftlve  sacrifice.     20  An  Angel  is  promised,  with  a  blessing,  rfthey  obey  him. 

^  "  Now  these  are  the  judgments  which  thou  shalt  set  before  them, 
a  Le.  25. 39-41.  2u  jf  "tJiQu  buy  a  Hcbrcw  servant,  six  years  he  shall  serve  ;  and  in 
34.'i4.'    ■    "    the  seventh  he  shall  go  out  free  for  nothing.  ^  If  he  came  in  *by  him- 

" self,  he  shall   go  out  by  himself:  if  he  were  married,  then  his  wife 

shall  go  out  with  him.  ^  If  his  master  have  given  him  a  wife,  and  she 
have  born  him  sons  or  daughters  ;  the  wife  and  her  children  shall  be 
1:  Reh.  saying       her  master's,  and  he  shall  2fo  out  bv  himself.  ^  And  if  the  servant  f  shall 

sluiUsay.De.lo.       i    .     ,  4   i  '    ■  r  i  i  -i  i  t  ii 

iti,  17.  plainly  say,  1  love  my  master,  my  wife,  and  my  children,  1  will  not  go 

J  See  Ex.  12. 12.   Q^t  fj-gg  .  6  ^j^gj^  j^jg  master  sliall  bring  him  unto  'the  judges,  he  shall 
also  bring  him  to  the  door,  or  unto  the  door  post,  and  his  master  shall 
'bore  his  ear  through  with  an  awl,  and  he  shall  serve  him  for  ever. 
'''  "■  And  if  a  man  ''sell  his  daughter  to  be  a  maidservant,  she  shall 
^meyM^off^t   "^t  go  out  as   the  menservants   do.  ^  If  she   tplease  not  her  master, 
who  hath  betrothed  her  to  himself,  then  shall  he  let  her  be  redeemed  : 
to  sell  her  unto  a  strange  nation  he  shall  have  no  power,  seeing  he  hath 
dealt  deceitfully  with  her.  ^  And  if  he  have  betrothed   her  unto   his 
son,  he  shall  deal  with   her  after   the   manner  of  daughters.  ^^  If  he 
e  1  Co.  7. 5.         take  him  another  wife,  her  food,  her  raiment,  ''and  her  duty  of  mar- 
riage, shall  he  not  diminish.  ^^  And  if  he  do  not  these  three  unto  her, 
then  shall  she  go  out  free  without  money. 
/SeeGe.9.6.  12 ««  He -^that  smitcth  a  man,  so  that  he  die,  shall  be  surely  put  to 

^  Nu.  35. 22.  De.  death.  ^^  And  °if  a  man  lie  not  in  wait,  but  God  ''deliver  him  into  his 
A 1  Sa.  24. 4, 10,  liaud  ;  then  'I  will  appoint  thee  a  place  whither  he  shall  flee.  ^*  But  if 
tNu  35  11  De  ^  "^^"  comc "' presumptuously  upon  his  neighbour,  to  slay  him  with 
'i9. 3.  Jos.  20.  2.  guile  ;  *thou  shalt  take  him  from  mine  altar,  that  he  may  die.  ^^  And 
■^35!'2o^n!l!'i9.  ^^  that  smiteth  his  father,  or  his  mother,  shall  be  surely  put  to  death, 
n,  12.  He.  10.         16  ic  ^,j(j  ;j^g  ^|j^^  stealeth  a  man,  and  "'selleth  him,  or  if  he  be  "found 

*  1  Ki.  2. 28-34.    in  his  hand,  he  shall  surelv  be  put  to  death. 

i%^'ol^/-r]^'  ^^  "  And  he  that  *curseth  his  father  or  his  mother,  shall  surely  be  put 

711  Ge.  37.28.  to  death. 

*  ^""r^'i'^/'ft  le        ^^  "  ^"^  ^^  "^^"  strive  together,  and  one  smite  tanother  with  a  stone, 
20.Y Pr.  20. 2o!  or  with  liis  fist,  and  he  die  not,  but  keepeth  his  bed  ;  ^^  if  he  rise  again, 

t  or/l^nct  /*-  ^^^  '^^'^^'^  abroad  "upon  his  staff,  then  shall  he  that  smote  him  be  quit : 

bour.  only  he  shall  pay  for  tthe  loss  of  his  time,  and  shall  cause  him  to  be 

'Vol'LTasin.  thoroughly  healed. 

isccasing.       go  ii  ^,^ j  jf  ^  j^^^,-,  j-p^j^g  j^jg  gervant,  or  his  maid,  with  a  rod,  and  he 


Part  VIIL] 


THE  JUDICIAL  LAW.  159 


*  Heb.  a.en.ed.     die  uiider  liis  liaiid  ;  he  shall  be  surely  *punished.  ~^  Notwithstanding,  if 

to.  IbM."'-      he  continue  a  day  or  two,  he  shall  not  be  punished  ;  ''for  he  is  his  money. 

p  Le.  25. 45, 46.         22  a  jf  j^en  strivo,  and  hurt  a  woman  with   child,  so  that  her   fruit 

depart  from  her,  and  yet  no  mischief  follow  ;  he  shall  be  surely  punished, 

according  as  the  woman's   husband   will  lay  upon  him,  and  he   shall 

g  De.  92. 18, 19.    ?pay  as  the  judges  determine.  ^^  And  if  any  mischief  follow,  then  thou 

rLe.24.  20.  De.  shalt   givc  life   for  life,  21  eye  "for  eye,  tooth  for  tooth,  hand  for  hand, 

19. 21.  Mat.  5.     ^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  25  byj.„ing  foj.  buming,  wound  for  wound,  stripe  for  stripe. 

26  u  A,-i(j  if  a  man  smite  the  eye  of  his  servant,  or   the  eye   of  his 

maid,  that  it  perish  ;  he  shall  let  him  go  free  for  his  eye's  sake.  ^^  And 

if  he  smite  out  his  manservant's  tooth,  or  his  maidservant's  tooth  ;  he 

shall  let  him  go  free  for  his  tooth's  sake. 

sGe.9.5.  28  u  jf  j^^  OX  gorc  a  man  or  a  woman,  that  they  die  ;  then    the  ox 

shall  be  surely  stoned,  and  his  flesh  shall  not  be  eaten,  but  the  owner 

of  the  ox  shall  be  quit.  ^9  But  if  the  ox  were   wont  to   push  with  his 

horn  in  time  past,  and  it  hath  been  testified  to  his  owner,  and  he  hath 

not  kept  him  in,  but  that  he  hath  killed  a  man   or  a  woman  ;  the   ox 

shall  be  stoned,  and  his  owner  also  shall  be  put  to  death,  ^o  If  there  be 

«Nu.35.3i.        laid  on  him  a  sum  of  money,  then  he  shall  give  for  'the  ransom  of  his 

life  whatsoever  is  laid  upon  him.  ^i  Whether  he  have  gored  a  son,  or 

have  gored  a  daughter,  according  to  this  judgment  shall  it  be  done  unto 

him.  ^^  If  the  ox  shall  push  a  manservant  or  maidservant ;  he  shall  give 

«seeze.ii.]2,   uuto  their  master  "thirty  shekels  of  silver,  and  the  ox  shall  be  stoned. 

i3.^Mat.^2G.  15.       33 ,,  ^^^^  |f  ^  ^^„  gj^j^U  opg^  ^  pit,  or  if  a  man  shall  dig  a  pit,  and 

not  cover  it,  and   an  ox  or  an  ass  fall  therein  ;  '-^^  the  owner  of  the  pit 

shall  make  it  good,  and  give  money  unto  the  owner  of  them  ;  and  the 

dead  beast  shall  be  his. 

35  "  And  if  one  man's  ox  hurt  another's,  that  he  die  ;  then  they 
shall  sell  the  live  ox,  and  divide  the  money  of  it ;  and  the  dead  ox  also 
they  shall  divide.  ^^  Or  if  it  be  known  that  the  ox  hath  used  to  push 
in  time  past,  and  his  owner  hath  not  kept  him  in  ;  he  shall  surely  pay 
ox  for  ox ;  and  the  dead  shall  be  his  own. 
^  Or, goat.  1  "  If  a  man  shall  steal  an  ox,  or  a  tsheep,  and  kill  it,  or  Exod.  xxn. 

r  2  sa.  12. 6.  Lu.  ggU  [^  •  he  shall  restore  five  oxen  for  an  ox,  and  "four  sheep 

19.8.  SeePr.  6.     '  ' 

for  a  sheep.  .  ,       i      j- 

2  "  If  a  thief  be  found  "breaking  up,  and  be  smitten  that  he  die, 
there  shall  ^"no  blood  be  shed  for  him.  ^  If  the  sun  be  risen  upon  him, 
there  shall  be  blood  shed  for  him  ;  for  he  should  make  full  restitu- 
tion ;  if  he  have  nothing,  then  he  shall  be  -'sold  for  his  theft.  ^  If  the 
theft' be  certainly  'found  in  his  hand  alive,  whether  it  be  ox,  or  ass, 
or  sheep  ;  he  shall  "restore  double. 

5  "  If  a  man  shall  cause  a  field  or  vineyard  to  be  eaten,  and  shall 
put  in  his  beast,  and  shall  feed  in  another  man's  field  ;  of  the  best 
of  his  own  field,  and  of  the  best  of  his  own  vineyard,  shall  he  make 
restitution.  ^  If  fire  break  out,  and  catch  in  thorns,  so  that  the  stacks 
of  corn,  or  the  standing  corn,  or  the  field,  be  consumed  therewith  ; 
he  that  kindled  the  fire  shall  surely  make  restitution. 

7 "  If  a  man  shall  deliver  unto  his  neighbour  money  or  stuff"  to 
keep,  and  it  be  stolen  out  of  the  man's  house  ;  if  the  thief  be  found 
let  him  pay  double.  « If  the  thief  be  not  found,  then  the  master  of 

6  See  Ex.  12. 12.  the  housc  shall  be  brought  unto  the  ^dges,  to  see  whether  he  have 
put  his  hand  unto  his  neiahbour's  goods.  ^  For  all  manner  of  tres- 
pass, whether  it  be  for  ox,  for  ass,  for  sheep,  for  raiment,  or  for  any 

cDe  25.].2Ch.  manner  of  lost  thing,  which  another  challengeth  to  be  his,  ^the  cause 
of  both  parties  shall  come  before  the  judges  ;  and  whom  the  judges 
shall  condemn,  he  shall  pay  double  unto  his  neighbour.  ^H(  a.  man 
deliver  unto  his  neighbour  an  ass,  or  an  ox,  or  a  sheep,  or  any  beast, 


31. 

■w  Alal 

■..^4 

L43. 

iNu. 

35. 

27. 

y  Ex. 

21. 

0. 

I  Ex. 

21. 

16. 

a  See  ver 
Pr.  6.  31 

•  1,7 

19.  10. 


160  THE  JUDICIAL  LAW.  [Perior  III. 

eGe  ai^^g  ^^  ^^^P  '  ^^^  ^^  ^'^'  ^^  ^^  ^*"^*'  ^^  driven  away,  no  man  seeing  it: 
/dI!  22. 28^29.  ^^  then  shall  ''an  oath  of  the  Lord  be  between  them  both,  that  he 
t^Jeb.^wrtVA.  Ge.  hath  not  put  his  hand  unto  his  neighbour's  goods ;  and  the  owner 
^•866  06.34.  12.  of  it  shall  accept  thereof,  and  he  shall  not  make  it  good.  ^"^  And  'if 
A  See  Le.  19. 26,  it  be  stolcu  from  him,  he  shall  make  restitution  unto  the  owner 
t  See  Le.  18.  23.  thorcof.  ^^  If  it  be  torn  in  pieces,  then  let  him  bring  it  for  witness, 
j  Nu.  25. 2, 7, 8.  and  he  shall  not  make  good  that  which  was  torn. 
n.'2/3,5.*'*'*'  ^"^^  And  if  a  man  borrow  aught  of  his  neighbour,  and  it  be  hurt, 
'=Le.i9.33.&       or  die,  the  owner  thereof  being  not  with  it,  he  shall  surely  make  it 

2.5.  35.  De.  10.  ,      ,  r  t.         ■  r>      ,  ,       *     o    i  •    ,       •        i  in  i 

19.  je.  7. 6.  Ze.  good.  ^"^  But  if  the  owner   thereoi  be  with  it,  he   shall  not  make  it 

zDe.  10. 18.&24.  good  ;  if  it  be  a  hired  thing,  it  came  for  his  hire. 
94*  e"  is^"  i.^r*       ^*^"  And  -^if  a  man  entice  a  maid  that  is  not  betrothed,  and  lie  with 
23!  Ja.  i'.  27.  '    her,  he  shall  surely  endow  her  to  be  his   wife.  ^^  If  her   father  utterly 

"35^9.  Lu^' 18? 7.  refuse  to  give  her   unto  him,  he  shall  Ipay  money  according  to  the 

jiJa.  5. 4.  ^dowry  of  virgins. 

5  De!  23. 19, 20.         ^^  "  Whosocvcr  Uicth  with  a  beast  shall  surely  be  put  to  death. 
^^  ^^-.' c'  «■  ^°  "  He  •'that  sacrificeth  unto  any  god,  save  unto  the  Lord  only,  he 

rJob22.  6.  Pr.  JO'  J' 

20. 16.  Am.  2. 8.  shall  bc  Utterly  destroyed, 
t  Ec.  10. 20!  Ac.        ^^  "  Thou  *shalt  neither  vex  a  stranger,  nor  oppress  him  ;  for  ye  were 

23.4.jude8.  straiigcrs  in  the  land  of  Egypt.  ~~Ye  'shall  not  afflict  any  widow, 
*8?9'.ffi2: 6."'  or  fatherless  child.  ~^  If  thou  afflict  them  in  any  wise,  and  they  ""cry 
tHeb  tkyfubicss.  at  all  uuto  mc,  I  will  surely  "hear  their  cry  ;  ~^and  my  "wrath  shall 
t  Heb!  tear.  wax  hot,  and  I  will  kill  you  with  the  sword,  and  ^'your  wives  shall 
u  See  Ex.  13. 21,  bc  widows,  and  your  children  fatherless. 

V  De.i5. 19.  ^'^ "  If  'thou  lend  money  to  any  of  my  people  that  is  poor  by  thee, 

«.Le.22.27.  thou  shalt  not  be  to  him  as  a  usurer,  neither  shalt  thou  lay  upon  him 
^9.''2.^De^i4.^2i.  usury.  ~*^  If  ''thou  at  all  take  thy  neighbour's  raiment  to  pledge,  thou 
y  Le.  22. 8.  shalt  dclivcr  it  unto  him  by  that  the  sun  goeth  down  ;  ^^  for  that  is 
*i?e'.'i9!'iTps.^^  his  covering  only,  it  is  his  raiment  for   his  skin  :  wherein   shall   he 

lelsee I'sl.^g.  sleep  ?  and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  he  crieth  unto  me,  that  I  will 

27.  with  J6. 3.     hear  ;  for  'I  am  gracious. 
^f.'^iL  pJ.^^5,       ^^  "  Thou  'shalt  not  revile  the  *gods,  nor  curse  the  ruler  of  thy  people. 

sefi' Kit'i^ii       -^ "  Thou  shalt  not  delay  to  ofler  tthe  first  of  thy  ripe  fruits,  and  of 

13.  Mat.  2G.59-  thy  tliouors  ;  "the  firstborn  of  thy  sons  shalt  thou  give  unto  me.  ^''Like- 

61.Ac.  C.  11,13.  -Bill  •   I      1  •  1        •   I        1  1  '"  1 

a  Ge.  19. 4,7.  Ex.  wiso    shalt  thou  do  With  thiue  oxen,  and  with  thy  sheep;    seven  days 
1?;  isffe 4.^4."'  it  siiall  be  with  his  dam,  on  the  eighth  day  thou  shalt  give  it  me. 
Ai'24^27.'*' ~°'        ^^  "  "^"d  ye  shall  be  "^holy  men  unto  me  ;  ^neither  shall  yc  cat  any 

b  See  Le.  19.  i^u-flcsji  that  is  tom  of  beasts  in  the  field,  ye  shall  cast  it  to  the  dogs. 

T  "''''•  ""•'"'f;  1 "  Thou  shalt  not  *raise  a  false  report ;  put  not  thy  hand     Exod. 

cDe.22.  l.Job  .,,  -ii  T  •!  '.'  T  mi  (111 

3i.'29.^Pr.  24. 17.  With  thc  wickcd  to  bc  au    unrighteous  Witness.  ~  Ihou   shalt      '^xm. 
4^i.Ro.  i2.2o.^'  not  follow  a  multitude  to  do  evil ;  ''neither  shalt  thou  tspeak  in  a  cause 

dve^22.4^^'     to  decline  after  many  to   wrest  judgment;  ^neither  shalt  thou  coun- 

t  Or,  wiu  thou      tenance  a  poor  man  in  his  cause. 

^l^d'icuui^I  4  "If 'thou  meet  thine  enemy's  ox  or  his  ass  going  astray,  thou 
ZZcSrlim;  s'^^'t  surely  bring  it  back  to  him  again.  ^  If  "thou  see  the  ass  of  him 
vwusiwitmrdy'  that  hatcth  thee   lyini?  under   his  burden,  tand  wouldest  forbear  to 

leave  it  to  join  J       s  ' 

withhim.  help  him,  thou  shalt  surely  help  with  him. 

'/^^^^•^^-  '^"Thou  'shalt  not  wrest  the  judgment  of  thy  poor  in  his  cause. 

g  ?.iat.'27. 4.  "  Keep  -^thee  far  from  a  false  matter  ;  "and  the  innocent  and  righteous 

ARo.  1. 18.  slay  thou  not ;   ''for  I  will   not  justify  thc  wicked. 
\^V!^\^^'  ■  ^  "  And  'thou  shalt  take  no  gift ;  for  the  gift  blindeth  *the  wise,  and 

*  llcb.  tlie  seeing.  .  1         f.      1  •     1 

perverteth   thc  words  of  the  righteous. 
.?•  See  Ex.  22. 21.        9  u  ^jj.^  ^jj^^^  j.]jj^jj.  ,^q^  opprcss  a  Stranger  ;  for  ye  know  the  f heart 

t  Heb.  soul.  -^  .  1'  -ii/rrii 

01  a  stranger,  seeing  ye  were  strangers  in  the  land  ot  iiigypt. 
ft  Le.  25. 3, 4.  '""And'^six  yoars   thon  shalt  sow   thy  land,  and   shalt  gather  in 

the  fruits  thereof:   ^4)ut  the  seventh  year  thou  shalt  let  it  rest  and  lie 


Part  VIII.]  THE  ISRAELITES  COVENANT  TO  OBSERVE  THE  LAW.        161 

Jo^/'otV  ?'"  '  *^^*  ^''^  P''^'  °^  ^^y  P^^P'^  "^^y  eat;  and  what  they  leave  tlie 
m  Ep.  5.  lo.'i  Ti.  ^ea^ts  o^  t'^e  field  shall  eat.  In  like  manner  thou  shalt  deal  with  thv 
4- 16.  vineyard,  and  with  thy  toliveyard. 

"la.^i^ofos!^?:  ^^  "  Six  'days  thou  shalt  do  thy  work,  and  on  the  seventh  day  thou 
oL-M%3.-Le  f'^a't  ^"^^t '  t'^a*  t^""^  OX  a"d  thine  ass  may  rest,  and  the  son  of  thy 
^.4.De.io.i6.  handmaid,  and  the  stranger,  may  be  refreshed,  i^^  And  in  all  things 
jrlatoo:''''"  t^l^Vl  ^^=^^e  «aid  unto  you  '"be  circumspect;  and  "make  no  mention 
r  Ex.  34. 23.  «{  the  nauic  of  other  gods,  neither  let  it  be  heard  out  of  thy  mouth 
:S::S:S:  i5^V'^i'fl7""^'/''°"  ''^^^^  keep  a  feast  unto  me  in  the  year.' 
u  See  Ex.  12. 8.  ^  "^^  ^^^It  keep  the  feast  of  Unleavened  Bread  ;  (thou  shalt  eat  un- 
*  Or'  ill;  leavened  bread  seven  days,  as  I  commanded  thee,  in  the  time  appointed 

.>Ex'.22.  29. &  o^  t»e  month  Abib  ;  for  in  it  thou  camest  out  from  Egypt;  ^and  none 
ViJy-.Nlfi  fa"  appear  before  me  empty ;)  i^  a„d  'the  feast  of  Harvest,  the  first- 
lo'Ne  tois-  ,f  ""^^^'l  ^^^^'■''  '^^"^^^  t'lou  hast  sown  in  the  field  ;  and  ^the  feast 
rr  Ex.  34. 26.  "  ^^  Ingathering,  which  is  in  the  end  of  the  year,  when  thou  hast 
X  See  Ex.  1.3.  21.  gathered  in  thy  labors  out  of  the  field.  ^^  Three  'times  in  the  year  all 
'ra  Vy  Eph-   ^^^y  "^ales  shall  appear  before  the  Lord  God. 

.  Ef  3-f34%f  ,  'T  ^''"""u  "'''^T^^  "^^  ^^^'  ^''^  ^^^^^  ^^'  "^y  sacrifice  with  leavened 
18  i9.He3.iy.  bread  ;  neither  shall  the  fat  of  my  *sacrifice  remain  until  the  morning. 
19 The  first  of  the  firstfruits  of  thy  land  thou  shalt  bring  into  the  house 
ol  the  Lord  thy  God.  '"Thou  shalt  not  seethe  a  kid  in  his  mother's  milk 
--  '•  Behold,  ^I  send  an  Angel  before  thee,  to  keep  thee  in  the  way 
tkee  "  and  to  bring  thee  mto  the  place  which  I  have  prepared,  ^i  Beware 
Ex.  33. 2.  o^  '^»«'  and  obey  his  voice,  '■'provoke  him  not ;  for  he  will  ^not  pardon 
Job.  ^4. 8,11.  your  transgressions:  for  "My  Name  is  in  him!  22  But  if  thou  shalt 
indeed  obey  his  voice,  and  do  all  that  I  speak ;  then  ^I  will  be  an 
enemy  unto  thine  enemies,  and  tan  adversary  unto  thine  adver.saries 
I'or  mine  Angel  shall  go  before  thee,  and  "bring  thee  in  unto  the 
Amorites  and  the  Hittites,  and  the  Perizzites,  and  the  Canaanites 
and  the  Hivites,  and  the  Jebusites ;  and  I  will  cut  them  off.  ^4  Thou 
i  Be.  7.13.&08.5.  '^'^  "^1  ^^'^  ^'^^'i*  ^o  their  gods,  nor  serve  them,  ^nor  do  after  their 
j  Ex.  15. 26.  De.  ^^^^^  ;  but  thou  shalt  Utterly  overthrow  them,  and  quite  break  down 
.De.\  14.^28.  l^,^''  ;rf '•  T"^"?  "r  ''^^"  ''''^  ^^^^  L°^^  >'«"r  God,  and  'he  shall 
M-.t3'i-o^ii      .,  /     '■?'*,'  ""'"^J'y  '^ater  ;  and  ^I  will  take  sickness  away  from 

/G:.'ia'^  35.  l^^  n"dst  of  thee.  ^^  There  ^shall  nothing  cast  their  young,  nor  be 
fohl'^^ilM-  barren,  in  thy  land;  'the  number  of  thy  days  I  will  fulfil.^  ^7  j  .^.jji 
Vr''-^\  !f"  V.  ^''^'  ^''^'''^  ^^^^^  and  will  "destroy  all  the  people  to  whom 
"De!n^25'"'-  t^^ou  Shalt  come,  and  I  will  make  all  thine  enemies  turn  their  tbacks 
«De.7.23.  unto  thee.  ^''And  T  will  send  hornets  before  thee,  which  shall  drive 
tHeb.  n...Ps.  out  the  Hivitc,  thc  Caiiaanitc,  and  the  Hittite,  from  before  thee.  ^9 1 
De.^7.20.  Jos.      Will  uot  drive  them  out  from  before  thee  in  one   year  ;  lest  the  land 


1  John  5.  16. 

a  Is.  9.  6.  John 
10.  30,  38. 

b  Gen.  10.  3. 

t  Or,  Twill  afflict 

them  that  afflict 

thee 
cEx, 
d  Job.  '24 
e  Ex.  20.  5. 
/Le.  18.3. 
g'Nu.  33.  59. 
A  Ue.  6.  13.  &  11. 

13,  14.  Jos.  22. 5. 

&  24.  14,  15,  21, 

24.  1  Sn.  7.  3.  & 

12.  20,  24.  Mat. 

4.  10. 
iDe.  7.13.&28.5 


K  r     I   — -^  >.-"!  ^c.uic  nice  in  one   year;  lest  tne  Jand 

become  desolate,  and  the  beast  of  the  field  multiply  against  thee. 
?  Ge  12  7.  Do.  ^7  "ttlc  and  httle  I  will  drive  them  out  from  before  thee,  until  thou 
IkfVoroi''-  b®  increased,  and  inherit  the  land. 

^liui.  jn.  „  'p'l'  t""^  '^  ""'"f/  thy  bounds  from  the  Red  Sea  even  unto  the  sea  of 
1. 4.  &  n.  21.  tne  1  Inlisiines,  and  from  the  desert  unto  the  river  ;  for  I  will  '^deliver  the 
^d::-7'V^'^^-  inhabitants  of  the  land  into  your  hand,  and  thou  shalt  drive  them  out 
'S^-j^'k^s--      A23-^T    \    ,T  'shaltinake  no  covenant  with  them,  norwith  their 


30.  Jos.  33.  13 

Ju.  2.  3. 1  Sa.  I..,.     - 

2i.Pa.  106. 36.     me  ;  for 


god 


SECT.   XIV. 


- —  ""  ^"'^iidUL  vviui  iiiciii,  nor  vviin  men- 

1  hey  shall  not  dwell  in  thy  land,  lest  they  make  thee  sin  against 
it  thou  serve  their  gods,  'it  will  surely  be  a  snare  unto  thee." 
Section  XIY .—  The  Israelites  covenant  to  observe  the  Law ;— Moses  goes 

up  into  the  Mountain. 

A.M. 2513.  ExoD.  xxiv. 

B.  C.  1491.         ^ZZuwdl'eiZrfVjH  '""'"^T',  I  ^f  ^j^P^f  Pr^^^^  obedience.     4  Moses  buildeth  an  altar, 
Hales,  1647.  iTJT      ^  ;  H      t       "  fpnnkleth  the  blood  of  the  covenant.     9  The  glory  of  God  avveareth 

^  And  He  said  unto  Moses,  "  Come  up   unto  the  Lord,  thou,  and 

VOL,.     I-  Ol  ji, 

-1  *pj 


162  THE  CEREMONIAL  LAW.  [Period  III. 

"lo.^'i,^:  ^'  ^'    Aaron,  "Nadab,  and  Abihu,  ''and  seventy  of  the  elders  of  Israel ;  and 
6  Ex.  1. 5.  Na.n.  worship  ye  afar  off.  -And  Moses  alone  shall  come  near  the  Lord  ;  but 
they  shall  not  come  nigh  :  neither  shall  the  people  go  up  with  him." 

^  And  Moses  came   and  told   the  people   all  the  \Aords  of  the  Lord, 
and  all  the  judgments  ;  and  all  the  people   answered  with  one  voice, 
^S'^G&'i'R^'^'  ^"*^  ^^'^'  "  ^^^  '^'^^  words  which  the  Lord  hath  said  will  we  do."  ^  And 
<iDe.3i.9.  '      Moses  "^wrotc  all  the  words  of  the   Lord,  and   rose  up  early  in   the 
'3^*4?'  ^^'  *"     morning,  and  builded  an  altar  under  the  hill,  and  twelve  'pillars,  accord- 
ing to  the  twelve   tribes  of  Israel.  ^  And  he  sent  young  men   of  the 
children  of  Israel,  which  oifered  burnt  offerings,  and  sacrificed   peace 
/He.  9. 18, 19.     offerings  of  o.xen  unto  the  Lord.  ^  And  Moses  ^took  half  of  the  blood, 
and  put  it  in  basons  ;  and  half  of  the  blood  he  sprinkled  on  the   altar. 
"  And  he  took  the  book  of  the  covenant,  and  read  in  the  audience  of  the 
people  ;  and  they  said,  "  All  that  the  Lord  hath  said  Avill  we  do,  and 
be  obedient."  ^  And  Moses  took  the   blood,  and   sprinkled   it   on   the 
people,  and  said,  "  Behold  ^the  blood  of  the  covenant,  which  the  Lord 
hath  made  with  you  concerning  all  these  words  !  " 
A'eeGe  32  30        ^  Then  wcut  up  Moses,  and  Aaron,  Nadab,  and  Abihu,  and  seventy 
Ex.s.g'.u'g.  '  of  the  elders  of  Israel,  i**  And  they  ''saw  the  God  of  Israel ;  and  there 
aCas.'joiiiTi.  '  was  under  his  feet,  as  it  were,  a  paved  work  of  a  'sapphire  stone,  and,  as 
iJohn4.]b.^^'    it  were,  the^body  of  heaven  in  his  clearness!  ^^  And  upon  the  nobles 
iEz.  i.2fi&io.  of  the  children  of  Israel   he  laid  not   his  hand;  also 'the  v  saw   God. 

1.  Re.  4.  3.  17  11  111 

jMat.  17. 2.        and  'did  cat  and  drink. 

tDe.  4.33.  1-  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses.  ''  Come  up  to  me  into  the  mount, 

S*2^f  co^'Jo^ia  find  be  there  ;  and  I  Avill  give  thee  '"tables  of  stone,  and  a  law,  and 
mEx.  31. 18.  &  commandments  which  I  have  written,  that  thou  mayest  teach  them." 
22;  '•<=••  13 And  Moses  rose  up,  and  "his  minister  Joshua:  and  Moses  went  up 
«^-^j32.  I7.&  into  the  mount  of  God.  ^^And  he  said  unto  the  elders,  "Tarry  ye 
0  Ex.  19.9. 16.  h^^^  ^^^  "S'  until  we  come  again  unto  you;  and.  behold,  Aaron  and 
Hur  are  with  you :  if  any  man  have  any  matters  to  do,  let  him  come 
unto  them." 

'il^be"  ^"  %-!^'        ^''  ''^"'^'  Moses  went   up  into  the  mount,  and  °a   cloud   covered  the 

He.  12!  18,29.     mount.  '^  And  ^tlic  glory  of  the  LoRD  abodc  upon  Mount  Sinai,  and 

%^9  Lii^'s'^'   *^^  cloud  covered  it  six  days;  and  the  seventh  day  he  called   unto 

Moses  out  of  the  midst  of  the  cloud.  ^'  And  the  sight  of  the  glory  of  the 

Lord  was  like  'devouring  fire  on  the  top  of  the  mount  in  the  eyes  of 

the  children  of  Israel.  ^"And  Moses  went  into  the  midst  of  the  cloud, 

SECT.  XV.     and  gat  him  up  into  the  mount ;  and  '"Moses  was  in  the   mount  forty 

A.  m73513.      days  and  forty  nights. 

I?.  C.  1491. 

Hales,  1647.  SECTION  XV. —  The  Ceremonial '^~^'' Law  ; — Structure  of  the  Tabernacle. 

•  ExoD.  XXV.,  xxvi.,  and  xxvii. 

*  II  h      t    -  What  the  Israelites  must  offer  for  the  making  of  the  tabernacle.     10  The  form  of  the  ark.     17  The 

,"       '«««/'^  jnercy  seat.,  with  the  cfierubim.     23  The  table,  uith  the  fantiture  thereof.     31  The  candlestick, 

+  Or,  heave  offer-  w"'  the  instruments  thereof.  —  Chap.  xxvi.     1  The  ten  curtains  of  the  tabernacle.     7  The  eleven 

in^^.  curtains  of  goats'  hair.     14  The  covering  of  rams' skins.     15  The  boards  of  the  tabernacle,  with 

a  Ex.  35.  r.,  ''"''>  sockets  and  bars.     31  The  veil  for  tlie  ark.     36  The  hanorins:  for  the  door.  —  Chap,  xxvii.  1 

21.  i  Ch.  39.  3,  The  altar  of  burnt  offering,  with  the  vessels  thereof.     9  The  court  of  the  taliernacle  enclosed  with 

9,  14.  Ezra  2.  hangings  and  pillars.     18  The  measure  of  the  court.    20  The  oil  for  the  lamp. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  -  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  that  they  *bring  me  an  toffering :  "of  every  man  that 


68.  &  3, 
10.  Nc.  11.2. 
2  Co.  S.  12.  & 
9.7. 


(*')  The  institutions  of  the  Lcvitical  Law  closely  strenuously  opposed  by  Witsius,  in  his  ..^fryptiaca. 

resemble,  in  many  particulars,  the  religioiis  ceremo-  The  second  theory  is,  that  the  ceremonial  of  tiie  Gt  n- 

nial  in   use  amonif  tiie  Gentiles.     The  numerous  tiles  was  borrowed  from  that  of  the  Jews  ;  an  opinion 

coincidences  mentioned  by  Spencer,  in  his  treatise  supported  bj*  Gale  in  his  Court  of  the  Gentiles,  by  Dic- 

Dc  LefTihiis  Hebnrorum.  sliow  tliat  this  resemblance  kenson  in  his  Delphi  Phcuicizantt.'t.  by  Stillingfleet  in 

is  not  .iccidental.  hiu  ariiitrary  and  systematic.  his  Or/V/Hrs  6>/fr<r,  and  others.    The  third  is.  that  the 

This  apparent  identity  has  been    accounted    for  ancient  ceremonial  of  the  pagans,  and  the  Levitical 

in  three  ways.     The  first  theory  is.  that  the  religion  Law  of  the  Jews,  were  both  derived  in  great  measure 

of  the  Jews  was  borrowed  from  that  of  the  Gen-  from  the  early  patriarchal  ritual,  wliich  at  one  period 

tiles  :  this  hypothesis  was  maint.ained  by  Maimon-  w.ts  ommon  to  all  the  descendants  of  Noah.     The 

ides,  Marsham,  Spencer,  and  Warburton  ;  and  is  heathen  nations  perverted  it  to  idolatry  and  super- 


Part  VIII.]  STRUCTURE  OF  THE  TABERNACLE,  &c.  163 

giveth  it  willingly  with  his  heart  ye  shall  take  my  offering.  ^  And  this 
is   the  offering  which   ye   shall   take   of  them  ;  gold,  and   silver,  and 

I  Or, silk. Gc. Ai.  brass,  ''and  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  tfine  hnen,  and  goats* 
hair,  ^and  rams'  skins  dyed  red,  and  badgers'  skins,  and  shittim  wood, 

6Ex.  27. 20.  6qJ1  '-for  the  light,  ''spices  for  anointing  oil,  and  for  ''sweet  incense, 
'''  onyx  stones,  and  stones  to  be  set  in  the  'ephod,  and  in  the  ■'^breast- 
plate.  ^  And  let  them  make  me  ^a  Sanctuary ;  that  ''I  may  dwell  among 

/Ex.  28. 15.        them.  ^  According  to  all  that  I  show  thee,  after  the  pattern  of  the  tab- 

^  Ex.  36.       "  ----- 

Le.  4.  (3.  c 

&  21. 12.  He.  9.  make  it. 


c  Ex.  30.  2:i. 

d  Ex.  30.  34 

Ex.  58.  4 


A  See  Ge.  17.  8. 
i  Ex.  37.  1.  De. 
10.  3.  He.  9.  4 


^^  "■  And  'they  shall  make  an  Ark  of  shittim  wood  :  two  cubits  and 
a  half  shall  be  the  length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth 
thereof,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  height  thereof.  ^'  And  thou  shalt 
overlay  it  with  pure  gold,  within  and  without  shalt  thou  overlay  it,  and 
shalt  make  upon  it  a  crown  of  gold  round  about.  ^^  And  thou  shalt 
cast  four  rings  of  gold  for  it,  and  put  them  in  the  four  corners  thereof ; 
and  two  rings  shall  be  in  the  one  side  of  it,  and  two  rings  in  the 
other  side  of  it.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  make  staves  of  shittim  wood,  and 
overlay  them  with  gold.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  put  the  staves  into  the  rings 
by  the  sides  of  the  ark,  that  the  ark  may  be  borne  with  them.  ^^  The 
j  1  Ki.  8. 8.  ■'staves  shall  be  in  the  rings  of  the  ark  ;  they  shall  not  be  taken  from 
iEx.  iG.  34.  &     it.  16  ^i^(j  tj^Q^j  shalt  put  into  the  ark  'the  testimony  which  I  shall  give 

31.  18.  De.  10  2,      ,  i-,    •        ,   ;   ,  ,      i  i  ,        r  i  i  i   ■ 

5. &3i.26.iKi.  thee.  1^  And  thou  shalt  make  a  mercy  seat  ot  pure  gold;  two  cubits 
He^'ij.  4.''  ^^'  ^'~'  and  a  half  shall  be  the  length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth 
I  Ex.  37. 6.  Ro.  thereof.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  make  two  cherubim  of  gold,  of  beaten  work 
shalt  thou  make  them,  in  the  two  ends  of  the  mercy  seat.  ^^  And  make 
one  cherub  on  the  one  end,  and  the  other  cherub  on  the  other  end ; 
*  Or,  of  the  matter  eveti  *of  the  uicrcy  seat  shall  ye  make  the  cherubim  on  the  two  ends 
of  the  mercy ^eat.  ^j  gj.gQ|-   20  ^j^^j  '"^j^g  chcrubim  shall  strctch  forth  their  wings  on  high, 

m  1  Ki.  8. 7,  1  Ch.  ^  o     " 

28. 18.  covering  the  mercy  seat  with  their  wings,  and  their  faces  shall  look 

one  to  another ;  toward  the  mercy  seat  shall  the  faces  of  the  cherubim 
n  Ex.  26. 34.  be.  ^^  And  "thou  shalt  put  the  mercy  seat  above  upon  the  ark  ;  and  in 
the  ark  thou  shalt  put  the  testimony  that  I  shall  give  thee.  -^And 
o  Ex.  29. 42, 43.  "thcrc  I  wiU  mcct  with  thee,  and  I  will  commune  with  thee  from  above 
16. 2." Na.  17. 4.'  the  mcrcy  seat,  from  'between  the  two  cherubim  which  are  upon  the 
pNu.7.|9.^isa.  ark  of  the  testimony,  of  all  things  which  I  will  give  thee  in  command- 
2'Ki.  19.  is.'  Ps.  ment  unto  the  children  of  Israel. 

Is.' 37.  iG.  '  '         ^^ "  Thou  'shalt  also  make  a  Table  of  shittim  wood  ;  two  cubits  shall 

q  Ex.  37. 10. 1  Ki.  bc  thc  length  thereof,  and  a  cubit  the  breadth  thereof,  and  a  cubit  and 

He.  9.'2.  '  '  '  a  half  the  height  thereof.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  overlay  it  with  pure  gold, 

and  make  thereto  a  crown  of  gold  round  about.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  make 

unto  it  a  border  of  a  hand  breadth  round  about,  and  thou  shalt  make 

a  golden  crown  to  the  border  thereof  round  about.  '■^'^And  thou  shalt 

make  for  it  four  rings  of  gold,  and  put  the  rings  in  the  four  corners 

that  are  on  the  four  feet  thereof.  -"^  Over  against  the  border  shall  the 

rings  be  for  places  of  the  staves  to  bear  the   table.  ^^And  thou  shalt 

make  the  staves  of  shittim  wood,  and  overlay  them  with  gold,  that  the 

r Ex. 37. 16.  Na.  ^^^j^j^  j^g^y  j^g  bomc  with  them.  ^'^ And 'thou   shalt  make  the  dishes 

stition,  the  Jews  received  it  in  anew  form  and  with  nearly  all  the  phenomena.     Many  of  the  laws  and 

more  solemn  sanctions  from  Moses  ;  who  was  divine-  customs  of  the  Hindoos,  who  are  the  most  ancient 

ly  inspired  to  alter,  reform,  add    to,   or  take  away  nation   on   earth,    except    perhaps   the    Jews   and 

from  it,  as  was  most  suitable  to  the  genius  of  the  Chinese,  are  the  same  which  prevailed  among  the 

people,  the  object  of  Providence,  the  customs  of  the  family    of  Abraham,  before  the   institution  of  the 

surrounding  nations,  or  the  accomplishment  of  his  Levitical    Law  ;    and    they    coincide   with    several 

various    designs,  as   the    legislator    and  judge    of  arbitrary  enactments  of  the  Law  of  Moses,  which 

Israel.     Tliis  theory,  which  is  espoused  by  Calmet,  were  derived  from  that  source.     Vide,  in  addition  to 

and    strenuously  defended    by    Faber    (Origin    of  the  above  authorities,  Calmet,  art.  Ceremonies,  and 

Pagan  Idol.  vol.    iii.    p.  630.   &c.),  appears  to  be  Fragments,  No.  85;    Ward   On  the  Hindoos;   Mi- 

by  far  the  most  consistent  and  correct ;  and  it  solves  chaelis'  Comment,  vol.  i.  p.  9,  &c. 


164 


STRUCTURE  OF  THE  TABERNACLE,  &, 


[Period  III. 


s  he.  24.  5,  6. 

t  Ex.  37.  17.  ]  Ki, 
7.  49.  Ze.  4.  2. 
He.  9.  2.  Ro.  1. 
12.  &  4.  5. 


u  Ex.  27.  21.  & 
30.  8.  Le.  24.  U, 
4.  2  Ch.  13.  11. 

f  Or,  cause  to  as- 
cend. 

V  Nu.  8.  2. 

J  Heb.  t/teface  of 
it. 

10  Ex.  26.  30.  Nu. 
8.  4.  1  Ch.  28. 
11,19.  Ac.  7. 44. 
He.  8.  5. 

*  Heb.  which  thou 
wast  caused  to 


X  Ex.  36.  8. 

t  Heb.  the  work 
of  a  cunnhig 
workman,  or,  ere 
broideror. 


y  Ex.  36.  14. 


X  Or,  conering. 


*  Heb.  in  the  re- 
mainder, or,  sur- 
plusage. 


thereof,  and  spoons  thereof,  and  covers  thereof,  and  bowls  tliereof,  *to 
cover  withal ;  of  pure  gold  shall  thou  make  them.  ^^  And  thou  shalt 
set  upon  the  table  'show-bread  before  mc  alway. 

^^  "  And  'thou  shalt  make  a  Candlestick  of  pure  gold  :  of  beaten 
work  shall  the  candlestick  be  made ;  his  shaft,  and  his  branches,  his 
bowls,  his  knops,  and  his  flowers,  shall  be  of  the  same.  ^~  And  six 
branches  shall  come  out  of  the  sides  of  it ;  three  branches  of  the 
candlestick  out  of  the  one  side,  and  three  branches  of  the  candlestick 
out  of  the  other  side :  ^^  three  bowls  made  like  unto  almonds,  with  a 
knop  and  a  flower  in  one  branch ;  and  three  bowls  made  like  almonds 
in  the  other  branch,  with  a  knop  and  a  flower :  so  in  the  six  branches 
that  come  out  of  the  candlestick.  ^^  And  in  the  candlestick  shall  be 
four  bowls  made  like  unto  almonds,  with  their  knops  and  their  flowers. 
^^  And  there  shall  be  a  knop  under  two  branches  of  the  same,  and  a 
knop  under  two  branches  of  the  same,  and  a  knop  under  two  branches 
of  the  same,  according  to  the  six  branches  that  proceed  out  of  the 
candlestick.  ^^  Their  knops  and  their  branches  shall  be  of  the  same ; 
all  of  it  shall  be  one  beaten  work  of  pure  gold.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  make 
the  seven  lamps  thereof;  "and  they  shall  flight  the  lamps  thereof,  that 
they  may  "give  light  over  against  tit.  ^*  And  the  tongs  thereof,  and  tlic 
snuff'-dishes  thereof,  shall  be  of  pure  gold.  ^'^  Of  a  talent  of  pure  gold 
shall  he  make  it,  with  all  these  vessels,  ^o  And  "look  that  thou  make  them 
after  their  pattern,  *which  was  showed  thee  in  the  mount. 

"  Moreover  ^ thou  shalt  make  the  Tabernacle  with  ten  curtains  Exod.  x.wi. 
of  fine-twined  linen,  and  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet ;  with  cherubim  tof 
cunning  work  shalt  thou  make  them.  ^  The  length  of  one  curtain  shall 
be  eight  and  twenty  cubits,  and  the  breadth  of  one  curtain  four  cubits  ; 
and  every  one  of  the  curtains  shall  have  one  measure.  ^  The  five  curtains 
shall  be  coupled  together  one  to  another  ;  and  other  five  curtains  shall  be 
coupled  one  to  another.  ■*  And  thou  shalt  make  loops  of  blue  upon  the 
edge  of  the  one  curtain  from  the  selvedge  in  the  coupling ;  and  like- 
wise shalt  thou  make  in  the  uttermost  edge  of  another  curtain,  in  the 
coupling  of  the  second.  ^  Fifty  loops  shalt  thou  make  in  the  one  curtain, 
and  fifty  loops  shalt  thou  make  in  the  edge  of  the  curtain  that  is  in 
the  coupling  of  the  second ;  that  the  loops  may  lake  hold  one  of 
another.  "  And  thou  shall  make  fifty  laches  of  gold,  and  couple  the 
curtains  together  with  the  laches :  and  it  shall  be  one  tabernacle. 

■^  "  And  ^thou  shalt  make  curtains  of  goats'  hair  to  be  a  covering  upon 
the  tabernacle ;  eleven  curtains  shalt  thou  make.  ^  The  length  of  one 
curtain  shall  be  thirty  cubits,  and  the  breadth  of  one  curtain  four  cubits  ; 
and  the  eleven  curtains  shall  be  all  of  one  measure.  ^  And  thou  shalt 
couple  five  curtains  by  themselves,  and  six  curtains  by  themselves,  and 
shalt  double  the  sixth  curtain  in  the  forefront  of  the  tabernacle.  '"  And 
thou  shall  make  fifty  loops  on  the  edge  of  the  one  curtain  that  is  out- 
most in  the  cou])ling,  and  fifty  loops  in  the  edge  of  the  curtain  which 
coupleth  the  second.  ^^  And  thou  shall  make  fifty  laches  of  brass,  and 
put  the  taclies  into  the  loops,  and  couple  the  ttent  together,  that  it  may 
be  one.  ^~  And  the  remnant  that  rcmaincth  of  the  curtains  of  the  lent, 
the  half  curtain  that  rcmaincth,  shall  hang  over  the  backside  of  the 
tabernacle.  ^^And  a  cubit  on  the  one  side,  and  a  cubit  on  the  other 
.side  *of  that  which  reinainctli  in  the  length  of  the  curtains  of  the  lent, 
it  shall  hang  over  the  sides  of  tlie  tabernacle  on  this  side  and  on  that 
side,  to  cover  it. 

^''  "  And  'thou  shalt  make  a  covering  for  the  tent  of  rams'  skins  dyed 
red,  and  a  covering  above  of  badgers'  skins. 

^^  "  And  thou  shalt  make  boards  for  the  tabernacle  of  shittim  wood 
standing  up.   ^^Ten  cubits  siiall  be  the  length  of  a  board,  and  a  cubit 


Part  VIII.]  STRUCTURE  OF  THE  TABERNACLE,  &c.  ]t)5 

*Heb.6a7«is.  and  a  half  shall  be  the  breadth  of  one  board.  ^'Two  *tenons  shall 
there  be  in  one  board,  set  in  order  one  against  another :  thus  shalt  thou 
make  for  all  the  boards  of  the  tabernacle. 

18 "  And  thou  shalt  make  the  boards  for  the  tabernacle,  twenty  boards 
on  the  south  side  southward.  ^'^  And  thou  shalt  make  forty  sockets  of 
silver  under  the  twenty  boards ;  two  sockets  under  one  board  for  his 
two  tenons,  and  two  sockets  under  another  board  for  his  two  tenons. 

20  "  And  for  the  second  side  of  the  tabernacle  on  the  north  side  there 
shall  be  twenty  boards  :  -^  and  their  forty  sockets  of  silver  ;  two  sockets 
under  one  board,  and  two  sockets  under  another  board. 

^^  "  And  for  the  sides  of  the  tabernacle  westward  thou  shalt  make  six 
boards.  '^^  And  two  boards  shalt  tliou  make  for  the  corners  of  the  tab- 
t  Heb.  umned.  emaclc  iu  the  two  sides.  ~^  And  they  shall  be  tcoupled  together  beneath, 
and  they  shall  be  coupled  together  above  the  head  of  it  unto  one  ring : 
thus  shall  it  be  for  them  both  ;  they  shall  be  for  the  two  corners.  -^  And 
they  shall  be  eight  boards,  and  their  sockets  of  silver,  sixteen  sockets ; 
two  sockets  under  one  board,  and  two  sockets  under  another  board. 

26 "  And  thou  shalt  make  bars  of  shittim  wood  ;  five  for  the  boards  of 
the  one  side  of  the  tabernacle,  -''  and  five  bars  for  tlie  boards  of  the 
other  side  of  the  tabernacle,  and  five  bars  for  the  boards  of  the 
side  of  the  tabernacle,  for  the  two  sides  westward.  ^sAnd  the  middle 
bar  in  the  midst  of  the  boards  shall  reach  from  end  to  end.  -^  And  thou 
shalt  overlay  the  boards  with  gold,  and  make  their  rings  of  gold  for 
places  for  the  bars  ;  and  thou  shalt  overlay  the  bars  with  gold. 

30 "  And  thou  shalt  rear  up  the  tabernacle  "according  to  the  fashion 
thereof  which  was  showed  thee  in  the  mount. 

31 "  And  Hhou  shalt  make  a  veil  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and 
fine-twined  linen  of  cunning  work :  with  cherubim   shall  it  be  made. 

32  And  thou  shalt  hang  it  upon  four  pillars  of  shittim  wood  overlaid 
with  gold  :  their  hooks  shall  be  of  gold,  upon  the  four  sockets  of  silver. 

33  And  thou  shalt  hang  up  the  veil  under  the  taches,  that  thou  mayest 
bring  in  thither  within  the  veil  'the  ark  of  the  testimony  ;  and  the  veil 
shall  divide  unto  you  between  ''the  holy  place  and  the  most  holy.  3^  And 
'thou  shalt  put  the  mercy  seat  upon  the  ark  of  the  testimony  in  the 
most  holy  place.  35  And  ^thou  shalt  set  the  table  without  the  veil,  and 
"'the  candlestick  over  against  the  table  on  the  side  of  the  tabernacle 
toward  the  south ;  and  thou  shalt  put  the  table  on  the  north  side. 

36  u  Ai^fi  "thou  shalt  make  a  hanging  for  the  door  of  the  tent,  of 
blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine-twined  linen,  wrought  with 
needlework.  37  And  thou  shalt  make  for  the  hanging  'five  pillars  of 
shittim  wood,  and  overlay  them  with  gold,  and  their  hooks  shall  be  of 
gold  ;  and  thou  shalt  cast  five  sockets  of  brass  for  them. 

1  "  And  thou  shalt  make  ^an  Altar  of  shittim  wood,  five  Esod.  xxvii. 
cubits  long,  and  five  cubits  broad  ;  the  altar  shall  be  foursquare,  and 
the  height'thereof  shall  be  three  cubits.  ^  And  thou  shalt  make  the  horns 
of  it  upon  the  four  corners  thereof;  his  horns  shall  be  of  the  same  : 
and  Hhou  shalt  overlay  it  with  brass.  3  And  thou  shalt  make  his  pans 
to  receive  his  ashes,  and  his  shovels,  and  his  basons,  and  his  fleshhooks, 
and  his  firepans  ;  all  the  vessels  thereof  thou  shalt  make  of  brass. 
^  And  thou  shalt  make  for  it  a  grate  of  network  of  brass  ;  and  upon 
the  net  shalt  thou  make  four  brazen  rings  in  the  four  corners  thereof. 
5  And  thou  shalt  put  it  under  the  compass  of  the  altar  beneath,  that 
the  net  may  be  even  to  the  midst  of  the  altar.  ^  And  thou  shalt  make 
staves  for  the  altar,  staves  of  shittim  wood,  and  overlay  them  with  brass. 
'  And  the  staves  shall  be  put  into  the  rings,  and  the  staves  shall  be  upon 
X  Heb.  be  sho,oed.  the  two  sidcs  of  the  altar,  to  bear  it.  ^  Hollow  with  boards  shall  thou 
Ex.  25. 40.  &  2(5.  ^^^^^^  .^     ^^^  .^  ^^^^  siiowcd  thcc  in  the  mount,  so  shall  they  make  it. 


a  Ex 

27. 
He. 

.  25.  9,  40.  & 
8.  Ac.  7.  44. 

8.5. 

6  Ex 
16. 
14. 
He. 

.  36.  35.  Le. 
2.  2  Ch.  3. 
Mat.  27.  51. 
9.3. 

cEx 

.25. 16.  &  40. 

dhc 

9.  a 

.  16.  2.  He. 
,3. 

e  Rx 

40. 

.  25.  21.  & 
20.  He.  9.  5. 

/Ex, 

.  40.  22. 

„-Ex 

.  40.  24. 

A  Ex 

.  36.  37. 

iEx 

.  38.  38. 

j  Ex. 
43. 

,  38.  1.  Ez. 
13. 

ftSei 

B  Nu.  16.  36. 

166 


AARON  AND  HIS  SONS  SET  APART 


[Period  III. 


Uchj;ftijby.fifty. 


m  Le.  24.  2. 
t  Heb.  to  ascend 

up. 

n  Ex.  26.  31,  33. 
0  Ex.  30.  8.  1  Sa 

3.  3.  2  Ch.  13. 

11. 
p  Ex.  28.  43.  & 

29.  9,  28.  Le.  3. 

17.  &  16.  34.  & 

24.  9.  Nu.  18. 

23.  &  19.  21. 

1  Sa.  30.  25. 


SECT.  XVI. 

A.  M.  2513. 

B.  C.  1491. 
Hales,  1647. 

Sinai. 

a  Nu.  18.  7.  Eccl. 
45.  6.  He.  5.  1, 


^  "  And  'thou  shalt  make  the  court  of  the  tabernacle  ;  for  the  south 
side  southward  there  shall  be  hangings  for  tlie  court  of  fine-twined 
linen  of  an  hundred  cubits  long  for  one  side.  ^^  And  the  twenty  pillars 
thereof  and  their  twenty  sockets  shall  be  of  brass ;  the  hooks  of  the 
pillars  and  their  fillets  shall  be  of  silver.  ^^  And  likewise  for  the  north 
side  in  length  there  shall  be  hangings  of  an  hundred  cubits  long,  and 
his  twenty  pillars  and  their  twenty  sockets  of  brass ;  the  liooks  of  the 
pillars  and  their  fillets  of  silver. 

^-  "  And  for  the  breadth  of  the  court  on  the  west  side  shall  be  hang- 
ings of  fifty  cubits  ;  their  pillars  ten,  and  their  sockets  ten.  ^^  And  the 
breadth  of  tlie  court  on  the  east  side  eastward  shall  be  fifty  cubits 
^^  The  hangings  of  one  side  of  the  gate  shall  be  fifteen  cubits ;  their 
pillars  three,  and  their  sockets  three.  ^^  And  on  the  other  side  shall  be 
hangings  fifteen  cubits ;  their  pillars  three,  and  their  sockets  three. 

^''  "  And  for  the  gate  of  the  court  shall  be  a  hanging  of  twenty 
cubits,  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine-twined  linen,  wrought 
with  needlework  ;  and  their  pillars  shall  be  four,  and  their  sockets  four. 
1''  All  the  pillars  round  about  the  court  shall  be  filleted  with  silver ; 
their  hooks  shall  be  of  silver,  and  their  sockets  of  brass. 

^'^"  The  length  of  the  court  shall  be  an  hundred  cubits,  and  the 
breadth  *fifty  every  where,  and  the  height  five  cubits  of  fine-twined 
linen,  and  their  sockets  of  brass.  ^^  All  the  vessels  of  the  tabernacle 
in  all  the  service  thereof,  and  all  the  pins  thereof,  and  all  the  pins  of 
the  court,  shall  be  of  brass. 

-^  "  And  "'thou  shalt  command  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  bring 
tliee  pure  oil  olive  beaten  for  the  light,  to  cause  the  lamp  tto  burn  al- 
ways. "1  In  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  "without  the  veil,  which 
is  before  the  testimony,  "Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  order  it  from  evening 
to  morning  before  the  Lord  ;  ''it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  unto  their 
generations  on  the  behalf  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

Section  XVI. — Aaron  and  his  Sons   set  apart  for  the  Priesthood; — The 

Ceremonies  to  he  observed  in  their  Consecration. 

ExoD.  xxviii.  and  xxix. 

Aaron  and  his  sons  set  apart  for  the  priest's  ojice.    2  Hohj  garments  are  appointed.     6  Tlie  epJiod. 

15  Tlie  breastplate  with  twelve  precious  slones.     .30  The  Unm  and  Tliummim.     31  The  robe  of 

the  pphod,wilh  pomeirranates  and  bells.  36  Tlie  plate  of  the  mitre.  39  The  embroidered  coat.    40 

The  garments  for  Aaron's  sons.  —  Chap.  xxix.   1  llie  sac7-ijce  and  ceremonies  of  consecrating  the 

pnests.  38  The  continual  burnt  offering.  45  God's  promise"  to  dwell  among  the  children  of  Israel. 

^  And  take  thou  unto  thee  "Aaron  thy  brother,  and  his  sons  with 
him,  from  among  the  children  of  Israel,  that  he  may  minister  unto  me 
in  the  priest's  office  ;  even  Aaron,  Nadab  and  Abihu,  Eleazar  and  Itha- 
mar,  Aaron's  sons.  ^  And  Hhou  shalt  make  holy  garments  for  Aaron 
thy  brother  for  glory  and  for  beauty.  ^  And  'thou  shalt  speak  unto  all 
that  are  wise  hearted,  "whom  I  have  filled  with  the  Spirit  of  Wisdom, 


iEx.29.  5,29.  & 
31.  10.  &  39.  1, 
2.  Le.  8.  7,  30. 
Nu.  20.  26,  28. 
Eccl.  45. 7, 8.  I  •  1  1 

c  Ex.  31. 6.  &  36.  that  they  may  make  Aaron's  garments  to  consecrate  him,  that  lie  may 
d  Ex.  31. 3.  & 35.  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office.  "*  And  these  are  the  garments 
30,31. ■  ■       ■  which  they  shall  make  ;  a  breastplate,  and  an  ephod,  and  a  robe,  and 
a  broidcred  coat,  a  mitre,  and  a  girdle  ;  and  they  shall  make  holy  gar- 
ments for  Aaron  thy  brother,  and  his  sons,  that  he  may  minister  unto 
me  in   the   priest's  office.  ^  And  they  shall   take  gold,  and  blue,  and 
purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine  linen, 
e  Ex.  39. 2.  G  u  ^j^j  ^tj^^y  ^\y^^\\  ^x\nkQ  tlic  cphod  of  gold,  of  blue,  and  of  purple,  of 

scarlet,  and  fine-twined  hnen,  with  cunning  work.  "^  It  shall  have  the 
two  shoulderpieces  thereof  joined  at  the  two  edges  thereof;  and  so  it 
*OT,rmhToideT,ii.  ^\^^\\  \)q  joined  together.  ^  And  the  *curious  girdle  of  the  ephod,  which 
is  upon  it,  shall  be  of  the  same,  according  to  the  work  thereof;  even 
of  gold,  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine-twined  linen.  ^And 
thou  shalt  take  two  onyx  stones,  and  grave  on  them  the  names  of  the 


Part  VIII.]  FOR  THE  PRIESTHOOD.  167 

children  of  Israel ;  ^°  six  of  their  names  on  one  stone,  and  the  other 
six  names  of  the  rest  on   the  other  stone,  according   to  their  birth. 
/vviB.18. 24.       11  ^jtj^  /^j^g  work  of  an  engraver  in  stone,   like   the  engravings  of  a 
signet,  shalt  thou  engrave  the  two  stones  with  the  names  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel ;  thou  shalt  make  them   to  be   set  in  ouches  of  gold. 
^^  And  thou  shalt  put  the  two  stones  upon  the  shoulders  of  the  ephod 
^Ex.  39.7.         for  stones  of  memorial  unto  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  "Aaron  shall  bear 
'^zeV°i4^"  ^'     their  names  before  the  Lord  upon  his  two  shoulders  ''for  a  memorial. 
^^  "  And  thou  shalt  make  ouches  of  gold  ;  ^'^  and  two  chains  of  pure 
gold  at  the  ends ;  of  wreathen  work  shalt  thou  make  them,  and  fasten 
the  wreathen  chains  to  the  ouches. 
lEx.  39. 8.  15  a  ^j^^j  ^tliou  slialt  make  the  breastplate  of  judgment  with  cunning 

work  ;  after  the  work  of  the  ephod  thou   shalt  make   it ;  of  gold,  of 
blue,  and  of  purple,  and  of  scarlet,  and  of  fine-twined  linen,  shalt  thou 
make  it.  ^^  Foursquare  it  shall  be  being  doubled  ;  a  span   shall  be  the 
length  thereof,  and  a  span  shall  be   the  breadth  thereof.  ^'  And  thou 
fHeh.juiitin      slialt  tsct  iu  it  Settings  of  stones,  even   four  rows  of  stones  :   the  first 
Ex"'f9.''iif,  &c.'    row  shall  be  a  tsardius,  a  topaz,  and  a  carbuncle  ;  this  shall  be  the  first 
t  Or,  ruby.  row,   ^^  And   the   second  row  shall  be  an   emerald,  a   sapphire,  and  a 

diamond,  ^^  And  the  third  row  a  ligure,  an  agate,  and  an  amethyst. 
^^  And  the  fourth  row  a  beryl,  and  an  onyx,  and  a  jasper ;  they  shall 
*  Heh. fiiiinss.  \)q  gg^  jj^  oqI^j  [^  their  *enclosings.  -^  And  the  stones  shall  be  with  the 
names  of  the  children  of  Israel,  twelve,  according  to  their  names,  like 
the  engravings  of  a  signet ;  every  one  with  his  name  shall  they  be 
according  to  the  twelve  tribes. 

^^  "  And  thou  shalt  make  upon  the  breastplate  chains  at  the  ends  of 
wreathen  work  of  pure  gold.  ~^  And  thou  shalt  make  upon  the  breast- 
plate two  rings  of  gold,  and  shalt  put  the  two  rings  on  the  two  ends 
of  the  breastplate.  ^'^  And  thou  shalt  put  the  two  wreathen  chains  of 
gold  in  the  two  rings  which  are  on  the  ends  of  the  breastplate.  ^^  And 
the  other  two  ends  of  the  two  wreathen  chains  thou  shalt  fasten  in  the 
two  ouches,  and  put  them  on  the  shoulderpieces  of  the  ephod  before  it. 
-^  "  And  thou  shalt  make  two  rings  of  gold,  and  thou  shalt  put  them 
upon  the  two  ends  of  the  breastplate  in  the  border  thereof,  which  is 
in  the  side  of  the  ephod  inward.  ^''  And  two  other  rings  of  gold  thou 
shalt  make,  and  shalt  put  them  on  the  two  sides  of  the  ephod  under- 
neath, toward  the  forepart  thereof,  over  against  the  other  coupling 
thereof,  above  the  curious  girdle  of  the  ephod.  -^  And  they  shall  bind 
the  breastplate  by  the  rings  thereof  unto  the  rings  of  the  ephod  with 
a  lace  of  blue,  that  it  may  be  above  the  curious  girdle  of  the  ephod, 
and  that  the  breastplate  be  not  loosed  from  the  ephod.  ^^  And  Aaron 
shall  bear  the  names  of  the  children  of  Israel  in  the  breastplate  of 
judgment  upon  his  heart,  when  he  goeth  in  unto  the  holy  place,  for 
a  memorial  before  the  Lord  continually. 
j  he.  8. 8.NU.27.  30  u  ^j^fj  •'thou  shalt  put  iu  the  breastplate  of  judgment  the  Urim  and 
sa.  23!  6.  Ezra  thc  Thummim  ;  and  they  shall  be  upon  Aaron's  heart,  when  he  goeth 
in  before  the  Lord  ;  and  Aaron  shall  bear  the  judgment  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  upon  his  heart  before  the  Lord  continually. 

^^  "  And  *thou  shalt  make  the  robe  of  the  ephod  all  of  blue.  -^^  And 
there  shall  be  a  hole  in  the  top  of  it,  in  the  midst  thereof ;  it  shall 
have  a  binding  of  woven  work  round  about  the  hole  of  it,  as  it  were 
the  hole  of  a  habergeon,  that  it  be  not  rent. 

^^  "  And  beneath  upon  the  them  of  it  thou  shalt  make  pomegranates 
of  blue,  and  of  purple,  and  of  scarlet,  round  about  the  hem  thereof; 
and  bells  of  gold  between  them  round  about :  ^^  a  golden  bell  and  a 
pomegranate,  a  golden  bell  and  a  pomegranate,  upon  the  hem  of  t!ie 
robe  round  about.  ^^  And  'it  shall  be  upon  Aaron  to  minister ;  and  his 


2.  63.  Ne. 


168  CEREMONIES  TO  BE  OBSERVED  [Period  III. 

sound   shall  be   heard  when  he   goeth   in  unto  the  holy  place  before 

the  Lord,  and  when  he  cometh  out,  that  he  die  not. 

'z?.''i4.^2o^'Ecci.       ^^  "  ^^^^  '"thou  shall  make  a  plate  of  pure  gold,  and  grave  upon  it, 

45. 12.  lii^e  the  engravings  of  a  signet.  Holiness  to  the  Lord.  ^^  And  thou 

shalt  put  it  on  a  blue   lace,  that  it  may  be  upon  the  mitre  ;  upon  the 

forefront  of  the   mitre   it   shall   be.  ^^  And  it  sliall  be   upon  Aaron's 

"^^^Nu'is'i    forehead,  that  Aaron  may  "bear  the  iniquity  of  the  holy  things,  which 

Is.' 53.  ii.'e/!.4.  the  children  of  Israel  shall  hallow  in  all  their  holy  gifts  ;  and  it  shall  be 

He.9. 28. 1'po.'  always  upon  his  forehead,  that  they  may  be  "accepted  before  the  Lord. 

o^Le.^i.  4.  &22.        ^'  "  ^"^^  thou  slialt  embroider  the  coat  of  fine  linen,  and  tiiou  shalt 

27.  &  23. 11.       make  the   mitre   of  fine   linen,  and  thou  shalt  make   the   girdle  of 

needlework. 
^af^if^'jIJ'lf'        ^^  "  ^"^  ^^^*"  ^^^''on's  sons  thou  shalt  make  coats,  and  thou  shalt  make 
17^  18.'  for  them  girdles,  and  bonnets  shalt  thou  make  for  them,  for  glory  and 

for  beauty.  '^^  And  thou  shalt  put  them  upon  Aaron  thy  brother,  and  his 
'ao'^fe  4b^i5*'Le'  ^'^"^  ^^^^^  '^"^^  '  '^"^  shalt  'anoint  them,  and  tconsecrate  them,  and 
lo'.  7.  sanctify  them,  that  they  may  minister  unto   me  in   the   priest's   office. 

^w:Ex.29r9,  '^^  And  thou  shalt  make  them 'linen  breeches  to  cover  *  their  naked- 
He!  7!'28.''"''  ness,  (from  the  loins  even  unto  the  thighs  they  shall  f  reach  ;)  and 
r  Ex.  39. 28.  Le.  they  shall  be  upon  Aaron,  and  upon  his  sons,  when  they  come  in 
6. 10.  &  16. 4.        ^     ^i^g  tabernacle   of  the  congregation,  or   when  they  come  near 

*Heh.fleshof         ,  ,  ,  .     .  •  V         ,      i  i  i      x     ^i  d 

aeir  nakedness,  uuto  the  altar  to  minister  in  the  holy  place  ;  that  they  bear  not 
I  Ex'^so^e  iniquity,  and  die :  "it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  unto  iiim  and  his  seed 
fLe.5.  ],i7.&    after  him. 

a'Nu.til^'       ^  "  And  this  is  the  thing  that  thou  shalt  do  unto  them  to  hal-     Exod. 

uEx.  27. 21.  Le.  lovv  them,  to  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office.  "Take  one 

V  Le.  8. 2.  young  bullock,  and  two  rams  without  blemish,  -  and  "unleavened  bread, 

u,  Le.  2. 4.  &  G.    and  cakes  unleavened  tempered  with  oil,  and  wafers  unleavened  anointed 

with  oil;  of  wheaten  flour  shalt  thou  make  them.  ^  And  thou  shalt  put 

them  into  one  basket,  and  bring  them  in  the  basket,  with  the  bullock 

and  the  two  rams.  ^  And  Aaron  and  his  sons  thou  shalt  bring  unto 

I  Ex.  40. 12.  Le.  i\^Q  fiQQj.  of  tlic  tabcmacle  of  the  congregation,  ""and  shalt  wash  them 

3/Ex.  28^2.    "   with    water.    ^  And   ^thou   shalt   take   the    garments,   and   put   upon 

Aaron   the  coat,  and  the  robe  of  the  ephod,  and  the  ephod,  and  the 

zEx. 28. 8.         breastplate,  and  gird   him   with   ""the   curious   girdle    of  the  ephod; 

a  Lc.  8. 9.  6  ,^„ J  "thou  shalt  put  tlic  uiitre  upon  his  head,  and  put  the  holy  crown 

b  Ex.  28. 41.  &     upon  the  mitre.  ''  Then  shalt  thou  take  the  anointing  'oil,  and  pour  it 

30. 25.  Lc.  8.  12.       *  ,  .      ,         J  ,  •     x   i  •  o  '  i 

&21. 10. Nu.35.  upon  Ins  head,  and  anoint  him. 

^'^  g  j3  ^  "  And  'thou  shalt  bring  his  sons,  and  put  coats  upon  them.  ^  And 

\nvh.binii..         thou  shalt  gird  them  with  girdles,  Aaron  and   his   sons,  and  tput  the 
dNa.  18. 7.         bonnets  on  them  :  and  '^the   priest's  office  shall   be   theirs   for  a  per- 
Vind«f."'^*       petual  statute  ;  and  thou  shalt  tconsecrate  Aaron  and  his  sons. 
Ex.  28.' 41.  Lo.        ^•'"And  thou  shalt  cause  a  bullock  to  be  brougiit  before  the  taber- 
8^;j2,&c.He.7.  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^j^^  coiigrcgation  :  and  'Aaron  and  his  sons  shall   put   their 
eLe.  1.4.  &8.     hands  upon  the  head  of  the  bullock.  ^^  And  thou  shalt   kill  the  bul- 
lock before  the  Lord,  by  the  door  of  the   tabernacle   of  the    congre- 
/Lo.8. 1.5.  gation.  12  And  thou  '^shalt  take  of  the  blood  of  the   bullock,  and   put 

fi'Ex.27.2.&3o.  it  upon  ^thc  lioms  of  the  altar  with  thy  finger,  and  pour  all  the  blood 
7tLe.3. 3.  beside  the  bottom  of  the  altar.  ^^  And  ''thou  shalt  take  all  the  fat  that 

*  It  seemeth  hy     covcrcth  thc  inwards,  and  *the  caul  that  is  above   the   liver,  and   the 
tiie  Hei.Jcw        two  kiducys,    and  the  fat   that   is  upon  them,  and  burn  them  upon 
acmZri^.  '°     the  altar.  ^'^  But  'the  flesh  of  the  bullock,  and  his  skin,  and  his  dung, 
'hI'is^i'/"'"''  ^^^^^^  ^'^^"^  ^"*"  ^^'^'^  ^'^  without  the -camp  :  it  is  a  sin  offering. 
j  Lois.  18.  ^^  "  Thou  ^shalt  also  take  one  ram;  and  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall 

fcLc.  1.4-n.  '^put  their  hands  upon  thc  head  of  the  ram.  i*' And  thou  shalt  slay  thc 
ram,  and  thou  shalt  take  his  blood,  and  sprinkle  it  round  about  upon 
the  altar.   ^'And   thou  shalt   cut  the  ram  in   pieces,  and  wash  the  in- 


Part  VIIL]  IN  THE  CONSECRATION  OF  THE  PRIESTS.  169 

fOr,  upra.  wards  of  him,  and  his  legs,  and  put  them  unto  his  pieces,  and  tunto 

his  head.   ^^  And  thou  shah  burn  tlie  whole  ram   upon   the  altar  :  it  is 

iGe.8.-2i.  a  burnt  offering  unto   the  Lord;  it   is  a  'sweet  savour,   an  offering 

made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord. 
mLe.  8.  s«.  19  "And  '"thou  shalt  take  the  other  ram;  and  Aaron  and   his   sons 

shall  put  their  hands  upon   the   head  of  the  ram.  ^^  Then  shalt  thou 
kill  the  ram,  and  take   of  his  blood,  and  put   it  upon   the  tip  of  the 
right  ear  of  Aaron,  and  upon  the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  his  sons,  and 
upon  the  thumb  of  their  right  hand,  and  upon  the  great  toe  of  their 
right  foot,  and  sprinkle  the  blood  upon  the  altar  round  about.    -^  And 
"'h^'i'^io^' ^^'    ^^°"  ^'^^^^  *^^^  ^^  ^"^^  blood  that  is  upon  the  altar,  and  of  "the  anointing 
oil,  and  sprinkle  it  upon  Aaron,  and  upon  his  garments,  and  upon  his 
c  He.  9. 22.         gous,  and  upon  the  garments  of  his  sons  with  him  ;  and  "he  shall  be 
hallowed,  and  his  garments,  and  his  sons,  and  his  sons'  garments  with 
him.  -^  Also  thou  shalt  take  of  the  ram  the  fat  and  the  rump,  and  the  fat 
that   covereth  the  inwards,  and  the  caul  above  the  liver,  and  the  two 
kidneys,  and  the  fat  that  is  upon  them,  and  the  right  shoulder ;   (for  it 
pLe.  8.2(5.         is  a  ram  of  consecration):  -^  and  ^one  loaf  of  bread,  and  one  cake  of 
oiled  bread,  and  one  wafer  out  of  the  basket  of  the  unleavened  bread 
that  is  before  the  Lord  :  2''  and  thou  shalt  put  all   in  the  hands  of 
*a«d/m  Le.7.     ^^ron,  and  in  the  hands  of  his  sons;  and  shalt  twave  them  for  a  wave 
30-  offering  before  the  Lord.  ^^  And  'thou  shalt  receive  them  of  their  hands, 

g  he.  8. 28.         ^^^^  huYTi  them  upou  the  altar  for  a  burnt  offering,  for  a  sweet  savour 
before    the  Lord  ;  it  is  an   offering  made   by   fire  unto    the  Lord. 
r  Le.  8. 29.         26  ^nd  thou  shalt  take  '^the  breast  of  the  ram  of  Aaron's  consecration, 
s  Pa.  99. 6.  and  wave  it  for  a  wave  offering  before  the  Lord  ;  and  'it  shall  be  thy 

«Le.  7^31,34^     part.  ^"  And  thou  shalt  sanctify  'the  breast  of  the  wave  offering,  and 
De.'i8.'3.'         the  shoulder  of  the  heave  offering  which  is  waved,  and  which  is  heaved 
up,  of  the  ram  of  the  consecration,  even  of  that  which  is  for  Aaron,  and 
of  that  which  is  for  his  sons ;  ^^  and  it  shall  be  Aaron's  and  his  sons' 
u  Le.  10. 15.        "by  a  Statute  for  ever  from  the   children  of  Israel :   for  it  is  a  heave 
V  Le.  7.  34.         offering  ;  and  "it  shall  be  a  heave  offering  from  the  children   of  Israel 
of  the  sacrifice  of  their  peace  offerings,  even  their  heave  offering  unto 
the  Lord. 
«,Nu.2o.26,28.   ^   29  a  ^nd  the  holy  garments  of  Aaron  "^shall  be  his  sons'  after  him, 
="2^"-  ^^-  8-&  35.  ^tQ  bg  anointed  therein,  and  to  be  consecrated  in  them.  ^^  And  *that  son 
*  Heb.  he  of  his    that  is  pricst  in  his  stead  shall  put  them  on  ^seven  days,  when  he  cometh 
/l"!  8. 35.  &  9!  ^^^^  t'^6  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  to  minister  in  the  holy  place. 
^'^-  ^^ "  And  thou  shalt  take  the  ram  of  the  consecration,  and  "'seethe 

his  flesh  in  the  holy  place.  ^"^  And  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  eat  the 
a  Mat.  1-2.4.  ||ggj^  ^f  ^l^g  ^.^^^^^  ^^^^  ^j^^  "bread  that  is  in  the  basket,  by  the  door  of 
6  Le.  10.  H,  15,  ^j^g  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  ^^  And  Hhey  shall  eat  those  things 
wherewith  the  atonement  was  made,  to  consecrate  and  to  sanctify  them  ; 
cLe.22. 10.  cj^^j.  ^  stranger  shall  not  eat  thereof,  because  they  are  holy.  ^'^  And  if 
aught  of  the  flesh  of  the  consecrations,  or  of  the  bread,  remain  unto 
dLe.8.32.  thg  morning,  then  "thou  shalt  burn  the  remainder  with  fire;  it  shall 
eEx  40  1"  Le  "^^  ^^  eaten,  because  it  is  holy.  ^^  And  thus  shalt  thou  do  unto  Aaron, 
8.33-35.  and  to  his  sons,  according   to  all  things  which  I   have   commanded 

/He.  lo.iL  ^  ii^QQ  .  ^seven  days  shalt  thou  consecrate  them.  ^"^And  thou  shalt  ^ofter 
^29.''&  40. 10.  ~  '  every  day  a  bullock,  for  a  sin  offering  for  atonement ;  and  thou  shalt 
k  Ex.  40.^10.  cleanse  the  altar,  when  thou  hast  made  an  atonement  for  it,  ^and  thou 
*23!'i9.' "  "  " '  shalt  anoint  it,  to  sanctify  it.  ■^'^  Seven  days  thou  shalt  make  an  atone- 
•^ i6"'4o^2 ch  2!''  "™®"^  ^^•'  ^^^^  ^^^^^'  ^"^  sanctify  it;  ''and  it  sha'l  be  an  altar  most  holy  : 
4.'&  ij^^l^&g    'whatsoever  toucheth  the  altar  shall  be  holy. 

fc  See  Da^g!  27.         ^^  "  Now  this  is  that   which   thou  shalt  offer   upon   the  altar  ; -'two 
&  12.  u.  lambs  of  the  first  year  'day  by  day  continually.  ^^  The  one  lamb  thou 

46. 13-15.  ■   ^'  shalt  ofi'er  'in  the  morning,  and  the  other  lamb  thou  shalt  offer  at  even. 
VOL.  I.  22  o 


1'70  STRUCTURE  OF  THE  ALTAR  OF  INCENSE,  &c.     [Period  III. 

^°  And  with  the  one  lamb  a  tenth  deal  of  flour  mingled  with  the  fourth 

part  of  a  hin  of  beaten  oil ;  and  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin  of  wine  for  a 
"aku^ie.to^Ezfa  ^""^  offering.  ^^  And  the  other  lamb  thou  shalt  "otFer  at  even,  and 
9. 4, 5.  Ps.  HI.    shalt  do  thereto  according  to  the  meat   offering  of  the  morning,  and 

according  to  the  drink  offering  thereof,  for  a  sweei  savour,  an  offering 
"i».\^a^8?n  ^^^^  ^y  ^^^  ^^^^  the  Lord.  **^  This  shall  be  "a  continual  burnt  offering 
la'  13.  ■  ■  '  throughout  your  generations  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 
oEs.25,22.        gregation  before  the  Lord:  "where  I   will  meet  you,  to   speak  there 

unto  thee.  '^^  And  there  I  will  meet  with  the  cliildren  of  Israel,  and 
^Ex.'^ralifKl  ^^^^  tabeniacle  shall  be  sanctified  by  my  glory.  "And  I  will  sanctify 
1: 13' 14.1  T.*"!  ^^^  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and'  the  altar:  I  will  ''sanctify  also 
^  3.^Ez."  43. 5. '  both  Aaron  and  his  sons,  to  minister  to  me  in  the  priest's  office,  ^^  And 
3.*i."'  '  •■  ^'  I  will  dwell  among  the  children  of  Israel,  and  ''will  be  their  God. 
^■ItX^'^  '"^  And  they  shaU  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  their  God,  that  brought 
gSeeGe.  17.8.  them  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  that  I  may  dwell  among  them  :  I 
am  the  Lord  their  God." 

SECT,  xvn.  Section  XVII. — Structure  of  the  Altar  of  Incense,  Lavcr,  ^-c. 

A.  M.  2513.  EsoD.  XXX.  and  xxxi. 

B.  C.  1491.         77je  altar  of  incense.     11  The  ransorn  of  souls.     17  The  brazen  laver.     22  Tlie  holy  anointing  oil. 
Hales,  1647.  34  Tlie  composition  of  llie  perfume.  —  Cliap.  xxxi.  1  Bezaleel  and  Aholiab  are  called  and^nade 

Sinai.  meet  for  the  ivork  of  the  tabernacle.     12  The  observation  of  the  Sabbath  is  again  commanded.     15J 
'                   Moses  receiveth  the  two  tables. 

aEx^37. 25.  &.  ^  "  And  thou  slialt  make  "an  Altar  to  burn  incense  upon  ;  of  shittim 
8,'io!Le.  4.7, '  wood  shalt  thou  make  it.  '^  A  cubit  shall  be  the  length  thereof,  and  a 
18.  Re.  8. 3.       cubit  the  breadth  thereof ;  foursquare  shall  it  be  ;  and  two  cubits  shall 

be  the  height  thereof ;  the  horns  thereof  shall  be  of  the  same.  ^  And 
*\ieh.  roof.  thou  shalt  overlay  it  with  pure  gold,  the  *top  thereof,  and  the  f sides 
t  Heb.  xoaiis.        thcieof  rouud  about,  and  the  horns  thereof ;  and  thou  shalt  make  unto 

it  a  crown  of  gold  round  about.  "*  And  two  golden  rings  shalt  thou 
X  Heb.  Wis.         make  to  it  under  the  crown   of  it,  by  the  two  tcorners  thereof,  upon 

the  two  sides  of  it  shalt  thou  make  it ;  and  they  shall  be  for  places  for 
b  Ex.  25. 21, 22.  the  stavcs  to  bear  it  withal.  ^  And  thou  shalt  make  the  staves  of  shittim 
*neh.vu:cnse  of  wood,  and  ovcrlay  them  with  gold.  *^  And  thou  shalt  put  it  before  the 
fsa.^2.  aiVi  ch.  veil  that  is  by  the  ark  of  the  testimony,  before  the  'mercy  seat  that  is 
c  Ex^"7^"i  ^  ^  ^^^^  *^^  testimony,  where  I  will  meet  with  thee.  '^  And  Aaron  shall  burn 
\or,seueiiiup.  thcrcon  *sweet  incense  every  morning ;  when  'he  dresseth  the  lamps,  he 
Jce'nd'^'^^^  '"  shall  burn  incense  upon  it.  ^  And  when  Aaron  f  lighteth  the  lamps  tat 
X^oh.  between      evcu,  hc  shall  bum  incense  upon  it,  a  perpetual  incense  before   the 

the  two  evens.         ^  '  /  o-ir         i      ii      t 

Ex.12.  G.  Lord  throughout  your  generations.  ^  le  shaff  offer  no    strange  incense 

e  Le  16 18  &23   ^hcreou,  uor  burnt  .sacrifice,  nor  meat  offering ;  neither  shall   ye   pour 

27.  drink  offering  thereon.  ^°  And  'Aaron  shall  make  an  atonement   upon 

■^1^2, ^'1^26^2!   the  horns  of  it  once  in  a  year  with  the  blood  of  the  sin  offering  of  atone- 

2Sa.  24. 2.        monts  ;  once  in  the  year  shall  he  make  atonement  upon  it  throughout 

*  Ueb.  them  tliat  .  .    •'.  ,      ,  i        t  5? 

arctobenum-     your  generations:  it  is  most  holy  unto  the  Lord. 

6ercrf^;8eoNii.  n  ^^^j  ^y^^  LoRD  spakc  uuto  Moscs,  sayiiig,  ^^  "  When  ■''thou  takest 
£•  Job  33. 24.  &     the  sum  of  the  children  of  Israel  after  *their   number,  tlien  shall  they 

7. '.Mat.  20. 28.    glvc  evcry  man  ^a    ransom  for  his  soul  unto  the  Lord,  when   thou 

i.Ts' %^"  ^ ''®'  numberest  them ;  that  there  be  no ''plague  among  them,  when  thou 
A2Sa.  24.  !.'>.  nuinbcrest  them.  ^^  This  *they  shall  give,  evcry  one  that  passeth  among 
jLe'!*27.25.  Nu.    t''^"'"  that  are  numbered,  half  a  shekel  after   the   shekel  of  the   sanc- 

3. 47.  Ez. 45. 12.  tuary  ;  (^a  shekel  is  twenty  gerahs)  ;  *a  half  shekel  shall  be  the  offering 

of  the  Lord.   ^^  Every  one   that  passeth   among   them  that  arc   num- 

^^i'^^t'  ^''g  ^^''6^5  ixo\\\  twenty  years  old  and  above,  shall  give  an  offering  unto  the 

c'c'i.  3.25.'  '  '  Lord.  ^^The  'rich  shall  not  tgive  more,  and  the  poor  shall  not  tgive 
t  Heb.  mu7tip«ff.    iggg  ^jj^n  half  a  shekel  when  they  give  an  offering  unto  the  Lord,  to 

X  Heb.  dimmish.  i        m  r  "  i         i  r    »        i      i  i      i  i  i 

TO  See  ver.  12.  makc  au  atonement  for  your  souls.  "'And  thou  shalt  take  the  atone- 
n  Ex.  38. 25.        mcnt  moncy  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  "shalt  appoint  it  for  the  ser- 


Part  VIII.]  STRUCTURE  OF  THE  ALTAR  OF  INCENSE,  &c.  171 

oNu.  iG.  40.  vice  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  that  it  may  be  "a  memorial 
unto  the  children  of  Israel  before  the  Lord,  to  make  an  atonement  for 
your  souls." 

1^  And  the  Lobd  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Thou  ^'shaltalso  make 

a  Laver  of  brass,  and  his  foot  also  of  brass,  to  wash  withal ;  and  thou 

q  Ex.  40. 7, 30.     shalt  'put  it  bctweeu  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  and   the  altar, 

r  Ex.  40. 31, 32.    and  thou  shalt  put  water  therein.  ^^  For  Aaron  and  his  sons  '"shall  wash 

n'.  John'ia'ia'  their  hands  and  their  feet  thereat.  ~^  When  they  go  into  the  tabernacle 

He.  10. 22.        Qf  ^i^g  congregation,  they  shall  wash  with  water,  that  they  die  not ;  or 

wiien  they  come  near  to  the  altar  to  minister,  to  burn  offering  made 

by  fire  unto  the  Lokd.  ^^  So  they  shall  wash  their  hands  and  tlieir  feet, 

s  Ex.  28. 43.        |.j^g|.  ^j-jgy  (jjg  j-jQ^ .  ^Q^j^^  j^  gj^all  \)Q  a^  Statute  for  ever  to   them,  even  to 

him  and  to  his  seed  throughout  their  generations." 

~~  Moreover  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ~^  "  Take  thou  also 

t  Cant.  4. 14.  Ez.  unto  thcc  'principal  spices,  of  pure  "myrrh  five  hundred  shekels,  and 

u  Ps.  45. 8.  Pr.     of  sweet  cinnamon  half  so  much,  even  two  hundred  and  fifty  shekels, 

J-  ^^-  and  of  sweet  "calamus  two  hundred  and  fifty  shekels,  -"*  and  of  ""cassia 

inPs.  45~8.         five  hundred  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary,  and  of  oil  olive 

I  Ex.  29. 40.        a  ""hin ;  ^^and  thou  shalt  make  it  an  oil  of  holy  ointment,   an  oint- 

yExlsT^arNu.  ment  compound  after  the  art  of  the  *apothecary:  it  shall  be  '■'a  holy 

ao'&'iS'^^"     anointing   oil.  ^^  And  "thou  shalt  anoint  the  tabernacle  of  the   con- 

iEx.4o.9.Le.    grcgation  therewith,  and  the  ark  of  the  testimony,  ^^and  the  table 

8.10.  Nu.  7.1.    ^^^  ^jj  j^jg  vessels,  and  the  candlestick  and  his  vessels,  and  the  altar 

of  incense,  ^^and  the  altar  of  burnt  offering  with  all  his  vessels,  and 

the  laver  and  his  foot.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  sanctify  them,  that  they  may 

a  Ex.  29. 37.        \^q  most  holy  :  "whatsoever  toucheth  them  shall  be  holy.  -^"^  And  'thou 

*Ex.  29.7,&c.    shalt  anoint  Aaron  and  his  sons,  and  consecrate  them,  that  they  may 

^'  "    '  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  speak  unto  the 

children  of  Israel,  saying.  This  shall  be  a  holy  anointing  oil  unto  me 

throughout  your  generations.  ^-  Upon  man's  flesh  shall  it  not  be  poured, 

neither  shall  ye  make  any  other  like  it,  after  the  composition  of  it :   it 

is  holy,  and  it  shall  be  holy  unto  you.  ^^  Whosoever  compoundeth  any 

''u'i5'le'.-Llh  ^i'^6  it,  or  whosoever  putteth  any  of  it  upon  a  stranger,  'shall  even  be 

21-  cut  off  from  his  people." 

^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Take  ''unto  thee  sweet  spices, 

stacte,   and  onycha,   and   galbanum ;    these  sweet   spices   with   pure 

frankincense  ;  of  each  shall  there  be  a  like  weight.  ^^  And  thou  shalt 

^ueh.  salted. -Le.  make  it  a  perfume,  a  confection  after  the  art  of  the  apothecary,  ftem- 

pered  together,  pure  and  holy  ;  ^^  and  thou  shalt  beat  some  of  it  very 

small,  and  put  of  it  before  the  testimony  in  the  tabernacle  of   the 

e Ex. 29. 42.  L(!.   congregation,  Vhere  I  will  meet  with  thee:  -^it  shall  be  unto  you  most 

fLe.~2. 3.  holy.  ^"^  And  as  for  the  perfume  which  thou  shalt  make,  ye  shall  not 

make  to  yourselves  according  to  the  composition  thereof;  it  shall  be 

unto  thee  holy  for  the  Lord.  ^®  Whosoever  shall  make  like  unto  that, 

to  smell  thereto,  shall  even  be  cut  off  from  his  people." 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  See,  °T  have  Exod.  xxxi. 
called  by  name  Bezaleel  the  ''son  of  Uri,  the  son  of  Hur,  of  the  tribe  of 
Judah  ;  ^  and  I  have  'filled  him  with  the  Spirit  of  God,  in  wisdom,  and 
in  understanding,  and  in  knowledge,  and  in  all  manner  of  workmanship, 
^  to  devise  cunning  works,  to  work  in  gold,  and  in  silver,  and  in  brass, 
■^and  in  cutting  of  stones,  to  set  them,  and  in  carving  of  timber,  to 
j  Ex.  35. 34.  work  in  all  manner  of  workmanship.  ^And  I,  behold,  I  have  given 
''^%t^'^'^^^'  with  him-'Aholiab,  the  son  of  Ahisamach,  of  the  tribe  of  Dan.  And 
z  Ex.  36. 8.  in  the  hearts  of  all  that  are  ''wise  hearted  I  have  put  wisdom,  that  they 
■m  Ex.  37. 1.  i^a^y  make  all  that  I  have  commanded  thee  ;  '''  the  'tabernacle  of  the 
t  Heb^rest''/^-  congrcgation,  and  ""the  ark  of  the  testimony,  and  "the  mercy  seat  that 
9  Ex.  37. 10.        is  thereupon,  and  all  the  tfurniture  of  the  tabtrnacle,  ^and  "the  table 


g-  Ex.  35, 

36.  1. 

.30. 

&, 

A  1  Ch.  2 

.20. 

i  Ex.  35. 

31. 

172  AARON  MAKES  THE  GOLDEN  CALF.  [Period  IIL 

p  Ex.  37. 17.  and  his  furniture,  and  ''the  pure  candlesticiv  with  all  his  furniture,  and 

gEx.38. 1.  the  altar  of  incense,  ^and  'the  altar  of  burnt  otiering  with  all  his  fur- 

r  Ex.  38.8.  uiture,  and  '^the  laver  and  his  foot,  ^^'and  *the  cloths  of  service,  and 

*Nu'4^5  &f '  ^'^^'  ^^^h'  garments  for  Aaron  the  priest,  and  the  garments  of  his  sons, 

t  Ex.  30. '25, 31.  to  tninister  in  the  priest's  office,  ^^and  'the  anointing  oil,  and  "sweet 

u^x^s? 34  &  incense  for  tlie  holy  place :  according  to  all  that  I  have  commanded 

Vag.  ■    ■  thee  shall  they  do." 

^~  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Speak  thou  also  unto 

''i''';^^?;^'!''-,^  the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  Verily  "mv  Sabbaths  ye  shall  keep;  for 

26.  2.  Ez.  20. 12,    ....  -      ,^  11'  ■  1 

20.  & 44.  24.      it  IS  a  Sign  between  me  and  you  througliout  your  generations,  that  ye 
wEx^2o.  8.  De.    may  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  that  doth  sanctify  you.  ^"^  Ye  '"shall  keep 

the  Sabbath  therefore,  for  it  is  holy  unto  you.  Every  one  that  defileth 
^  Ex.  35. 2.  Nu.  it  shall  surely  be  put  to  death  ;  for  ''whosoever  doeth  any  work  therein, 
y  Ex.  20. 9.  that  soul  shall  be  cut  oft^  from  among  his  people.  ^^  Six  Mays  may  work 
z  Ge.  2. 2.  Ex.16,  bg  done  ;  but  in  ""the  seventh  is  the  Sabbath  of  rest,  *holy  to  the  Lord  : 
*  iieh. holiness,     whosocver  doeth  any  work  in  the  Sabbath  day,  he  shall  surely  be  put 

to  death.  ^^  Wherefore  the  children  of  Israel  shall  keep  the  Sabbath,  to 

observe  the  Sabbath  throughout  their  generations,  for  a  perpetual  cov- 
o  Ez.  20. 12, 20.  enant.  ^"^  It  is  '^a  sign  between  me  and  the  children  of  Israel  for  ever  ; 
*seeGe.hi,  for  'in  six  days  the  Lord  made  heaven  and  earth,  and  on  the  seventh 
c  Ex.  24.' 12.  &     ^^y  ^^^  rested,  and  was  refreshed." 

32. 15, 16.  ■&  34.       18  And  He  gave  unto  Moses,  when  He  had  made  an  end  of  com- 
5. 22.  &  9!  loi  muning  with  him  upon  Mount  Sinai,  "^two  tables  of  testimony,  tables 

of  stone,  written  with  the  finger  of  God. 


11.  2  Co.  3. 3. 


Section  XVIII. — Aaron  makes  the  Golden  Calf; — The  First  Tables  of  the 
SECT,  xvni.  Zittr^  broken; — Transactions  in  consequence. 

A.  M.  2513.  EsoD.  xxxii.  a7id  xxxiii. 

B.  C.  1491.         The  people,  in  the  absence  of  Moses,  cause  Aaron  to  make  a  calf.     7  God  is  angered  thereby.     11  At 
Hales,  1648.  the  entreaty  of  Moses  he  is  appeased.     15  Moses  cometh  down  with  the  tables.     19  He  brealceth 

them.     1Q  He  destrmjeth  the  calf.     22  Aaron's  e.rcuse  for  Iii7nself.     25  3Ioses  causeth  theidolators 
^'°'*'-  to  be  slain.     30  He  prayethfor  tlie  people.  —  Chap,  xxxiii.   I  The  Lord  refuseth  to  go  as  he  had 

promised  leith  the  people,     i  The  people  murmur  thereat.     7  The  tabernacle  is  re7noved  out  of  the 
camp.     9  77(6  Lord  talketh  familiarly  with  Moses.     12  Moses  desireth  to  see  the  glory  of  God. 

"9^9!^^'^^'  ^^'  ^  And  when  the  people  saw  that  Moses  "delayed  to  come  down  out 
of  the  mount,  the  people  gathered  themselves  together  unto  Aaron, 
and  said  unto  him,  "  Up  !  'make  us  gods,  which  shall  "go  before  us  ; 
for  as  for  this  Moses,  the  man  that  brought  us  up  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt,  we  wot  not  what  is  become  of  him."  ^  And  Aaron  said  unto 

(fjudg. 8.24-27.  them,  "Break  off  the  ''golden  earrings,  which  are  in  the  ears  of  your 
wives,  of  your  sons,  and  of  your  daughters,  and  bring  them  unto  me." 
^  And  all  the  people  brake  otf  the  golden  earrings  which  were  in  their 

cEx.20.  23.  De.  ears,  and  brought  them  unto  Aaron.  "*  And  Hie  received  them  at  their 
4. 1  kin.  lb.  28.'  hand,  and  fashioned  it  with   a  graving  tool,  after   he  liad  made  it  a 


b  Acta  7.  40. 
c  Ex.  13.  21. 


Neh.  9.  18.  Ps, 

1011 


19!  13.46!  6.  molten   calf;    and  they  said,  "  These  be   thy   gods,  O   Israel,    which 
Acts 7. 41. Rom.  j^^ought  thcc  up  out  of  thc  land  of  Egypt!  "   •'^And  when  Aaron  saw 
/Lev. 23. 2, 4, 21,  it,  he  built  an  altar  before  it ;  and  Aaron  made  -^proclamation,  and  said, 

37. 2  Ki.  10.  ""        '  ' 

2  Cliro.  30.  5, 
g-  1  Cor.  10.  7. 


To-morrow  is  a  feast  to  the  Lord."  ^  And  they  rose  u{)  early  on  tlie 
morrow,  and  offered  burnt  offerings,  and  brought  peace  offerings;  'and 
the  people  sat  down  to  cat  and  to  drink,  and  rose  up  to  play, 
'i  De.  9^ia j3x^  ^  And  the  Lord  .said  unto  Moses, "  Go,  ''get  thee  down  ;  for  thy  people, 
iGe.6.ii,i2.De.  vvhicli  thou  broughtcst  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 'have  corrupted  them- 
2  19' 110^9 V"'  selves;  ^they  have  turned  aside  quickly  out  of  the  way  which ^I  com- 
Ex.  20.  3, 4, 23.  manded  them  ;  they  have  made  them  a  molten  calf,  and  have  worshipped 
it,  and  have  sacrificed  thereunto,  and  said, '  These  *be  thy  gods,  O  Israel, 
which  have  brought  thee  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt.'"  '-^And  the 
is' & 3^27^'  ^-'Oi^^  *^'^i^l  ""to  Moses,  "I  'have  seen  this  people,  and,  behold,  it  is  a 
2  ch.  30.'  8.  i9.  stiff-necked  people.  ^"  Now  therefore  let  me  alone,  '"that  my  wrath  may 
riEx.22^24.  wax  liot  agaiust  them,  and  tiiat  I  may  consume  them  ;  "and  I  will  make 
iisTu.  14. 12.       of  thee  a  great  nation." 


De.  9.  16. 
k  1  Ki.  12. 
I  Ex.  33.  3,  5, 


Part  VIII.]  THE  FIRST  TABLES  OF  THE  LAW  BROKEN.  173 

0  Deut.  9. 18, 26-       ^^  And  "MosGs  bcsought  *the  Lord  his  God,  and  said,  "  Lord,  why 
'i'm-lt'.^'"'    doth  thy  wrath  wax  hot  against  thy  people,  wliich  thou  liast  brought 

*thc^LORD'"'^    forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  with  great  power,  and  with  a  mighty 

/nu.  14. 13.  De.  hand  ?  ^-  Wherefore  ''should  the  Egyptians  speak,  and  say.  For  mis- 

9.2d.  &a2. 27.    ^,j-^jg£  ^jj(j  ]^g   bring  them  out,  to  slay  them  in  the  mountains,  and  to 

consume  them  from   the  face  of  the   earth?     Turn  from  thy  fierce 

wrath,  and  repent  of  this  evil  against  thy  people.  ^'-^  Remember  Abra- 

?  Ge.  22. 16.  Heb.  ijani,  Isaac,  and  Israel,  thy  servants,  to  whom  thou  'swarest  by  thine 

rGe.  12.2,7.      owu  Self,  and  saidst  unto  them,  '  I  'will  multiply  your  seed  as  the  stars 
of  heaven,  and  all  this  land  that  I  have  spoken  of  will  I  give  unto 

sDe.32.26.2Sa.  your  secd,  and  they  shall  inherit  it  for  ever.'  "  ^"^  And  the  Lord 'repented 
15.'  Pe'.  m^45!'  of  the  evil  which  he  thought  to  do  unto  his  people. 
13'  lo.ioefitb.       ^^  A"d  'Moses   turned,  and   went  down   from  the  mount,  and   the 
Jon.  3. 10.  &  4. 2.  two  tablcs  of  the  testimony  were  in  his  hand  :   the  tables  were  written 

t  De.  9.  15.         ^^^  j^^^j^  ^j^^.^  ^.^j^g  _  ^^  ^j^^  ^^^  g-^^  ^j^j  ^^  ^j^g  Other  were  they  writ- 

u  Ex.  31. 18.  ten.  1'^  And  the  "tables  were  the  work  of  God,  and  the  writing  was 
the  writing  of  God,  graven  upon  the  tables.  ^^  And  when  Joshua  heard 
the  noise  of  the  people  as  they  shouted,  he  said  unto  Moses,  "  There 
is  a  noise  of  war  in  the  camp."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  It  is  not  the  voice  of 
them  that  shout  for  mastery,  neither  is  it  the  voice  of  them  that  cry 
\  Heh.  weukness.  fgj.  f  being  ovcrcomc  ;  but  the  noise  of  them  that  sing  do  I  hear." 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as   soon   as  he  came  nigh  unto  the  camp, 

D De. 9. 16, 17.     that  "he  saw  the  calf,  and  the  dancing;  and  Moses'  anger  waxed  hot, 

and  he  cast  the  tables  out  of  his  hands,  and  brake  them  beneath  the 

w  De.  9. 21.         mount.  '^^  And  '"he  took  the  calf  which  they  had   made,  and  burnt  it 

in  the  fire,  and  ground  it  to  powder,  and  strawed  it  upon  the  water, 

and  made  the   children  of  Israel   drink  of  it.  ^^  And  Moses  said  unto 

iGe.20.9.  &.26.  Aarou,  "  What  ""did  this  people  unto  thee,  that  thou  hast  brought  so 

great  a  sin  upon  them  ?  "  ^^  ^j^^j  Aaron  said,  "  Let  not  the  anger  of 

J/ Ex.14. 11.  &  15.  my  lord  wax  hot ;  ^thou  knowest  the  people,  that  they  are  set  on  mis- 

i:  &\7.l',1!'    chief.  ^^  For  they  said  unto  me,  '  Make  us  gods,  which  shall  go  before 

z  Ex.  33. 4, 5.      us  ;  for  as  for  this  Moses,  the  man  that  brought  us  up  out  of  the  land 

a  2  ch.  28. 19.      of  Egypt,  wc   wot  uot  what  is  become   of  him.'  ^'^  And  I  said  unto 

VJ;;'\?Smit    them,  '  Whosoever  hath  any  gold,  let  them  break  it  off.'   So  they  gave 

"'"""•  it  me  ;  then  I  cast  it  into  the  fire,  and  there  came  out  this  calf." 

6  Nu.  25.  5.  De. 
33.  9. 


25 


And  when  Moses  saw  that  the  people  were  ^naked,  (for  Aaron 
*sS'/' "^^ cff^r  "^^^  made  them  naked  unto  their  shame  among  ttheir  enemies), 
a-lte.  yourselves  26  then  Moscs  stood  iu  thc  gate  of  the  camp,  and  said,  '•  Who  is  on 
LORD,bllmcse  the  Lord's  sidc  ?  let  him  come  unto  me."  And  all  the  sons  of  Levi 
T^il7ail!^t\is  gathered  themselves  together  unto  him.  ^7  And  he  said  unto  them, 
to4™ir  ""&c!  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  Put  every  man  his  sword  by  his 
Nu.  25. 11-13.  sifie,  and  go  in  and  out  from  gate  to  gate  throughout  the  camp,  and 
&'33.9,io.  I'sa.  ''slay  every  man  his  brother,  and  every  man  his  companion,  and  every 
s^ze.'fii'"'^^'  man  his  neighbour."  -^  And  the  children  of  Levi  did  according  to  the 
t  He"  Ftii^^oar  ^^vd  of  Moscs  ;  and  there  fell  of  the  people  that  day  about  three 
hand's.  '  ^"'"^  thousand  men.  ^^  *For  Moses  had  said,  "  tConsecrate  yourselves  to- 
''/^^'.J^lig'-^-  day  to  the  Lord,  even  every  man  upon  his  son,  and  upon  his  brother ; 
d  3 .«;,.  iG.  12.  that  he  may  bestow  upon  you  a  blessing  this  day." 
« Nu""!  13.  ^'^  ^"d  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  Moses  said   unto  the 

/De. 9.18.  people,  "  Ye  'have  sinned  a  great  sin;  and  now  I  will  go  up  unto 

kP^i^'iS\om.  the  Lord,  ''peradventure  I  shall  make  'an  atonement  for  your  sin." 
"9.3.  ■"■  '  31  And  Moses -^returned  unto  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  Oh !  this  people 
'i^.d;^'i'2.^l'  Imve  sinned  a  great  sin,  and  have  ^made  them  gods  of  gold!  ^2  Yet 
3.'5!&f3.^!&  now,  if  thou  wilt  forgive  their  sin  —  ;  and  if  not,  "blot  me,  I  pray  thee, 
17. 8.  &  20^12,  'out  of  thy  book  which  thou  hast  written."  =^=^And  the  Lord  said  unto 
Moses,  "  Whosoever  ^hath  sinned  against  me,  him  will  I  blot  out  of 
my  book.  ^^  Therefore    now  go,  lead  the  people  unto  the  place  of 


12.  19. 
j  T.f.  23.  30.  Ez 


VOL.   I. 


174  CONFERENCE  OF  MOSES  WITH  GOD.  [Period  III. 

k  See  Ex.  13. 21.  which  I  havG  spoken  unto  thee  ;  '^behold,  mine  Angel  shall  go  before 
'y^M^Ro^b^^'^e^  *^^^  •  nevertheless  'in  the  day  when  I  visit  I  will  visit  their  sin  upon 
»n2Sa.  12. 9. '  them."  ^"^  And  the  Lord  plagued  the  people,  because  ""they  made  the 
ACU7.41.         ^^K^  ^^,j^j(,}j  Aj^roj^  j^^aje^ 

^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Depart,  and  go  up  EsoD.xxxiij. 
n  Ex.  32. 7.         hcnce,  thou  "and  the  people  which  thou  hast  brought  up  out 

of  the  land  of  Egypt,  unto  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  Abraham,  to 
oSeeGe.  12. 7.  Isaac, and  to  Jacob,  (saying,  '  Unto  "thy  seed  will  I  give  it; '  ^And  ''I 
5  De!  T.^'a^.^Jw.'  ^^'^^^  send  an  Angel  before  thee,  ''and  I  will  drive  out  the  Canaanite,  the 
24.11.  Amorite,  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Perizzite,  the  Hivite,  and  the  Jeb- 

r  See  Ex.  3. 8.  usitc  ;)  ^  uuto  ""a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey  :  for  I  will  not  go  up 
s  Ex.  32.  9.         in  the  midst  of  thee  ;  for  thou  art  'a  stiff'-necked  people  :  lest  'I  con- 

t  Ex.  23. 21.  & 32.  xK         ■       xi  3> 

10.  Nu.  16. 21,    sume  thee  in  the  way. 

u*Nu.  14. 1  39.         ^  "^"'^  when  the  people  heard   these  evil  tidings,  "they  mourned  ; 

V Le.  10. 6.2 sa.  "and  uo  man  did  put  on  him  his  ornaments.  ^ For  the  Lord  had  said 

iy'.Vklf^'.f!'  unto  Moses,  "Say  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  Ye  are  a  stiff'-necked 

I's.  Job  K20.'''  people  :  "I  will  come  up  into  the  midst  of  thee  in  a  moment,  and  con- 

fiVif'^n"    ^'^"^^  ^'^^®  '  therefore  now  put  off"  thy  ornaments  from  thee,  that  I  may 

23.SL%G.k.''     ''know  what  to  do  unto  thee."  ^  And  the  children  of  Israel  stripped 

»  See  Nu.  16.45,  themselvcs  of  their  ornaments  by  the  Mount  Horeb. 

X  De.  8. 2.  Ps.  ■''  And  Moses  took  the  tabernacle,  and  pitched  it  without  the  camp, 

y  Ex.  29. 42, 43.    '^^^'"  ^^  froiii  the  cauip,  ^and  called  it  The  Tabernacle  of  the  Congre- 

iDe.4.29.2  Sa.  gatiou.     And  it  came  to  pass,  that  every  one  which  "^sought  the  Lord 

went  out  unto  the  tabernacle  of  the   congregation,  which  was  without 

the  camp.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Moses  went  out  unto  the  tab- 

oNu.  16.  27.       ernacle,  that  all  the  people  rose  up,  and  stood  every  man  "at  his  tent 

door,  and  looked  after  Moses,  until  he  was  gone  into  the  tabernacle. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  Moses  entered  into  the  tabernacle,  the 
cloudy  pillar  descended,  and  stood  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle,  and 
\'o?in\he  n'e'     ''^^^  LoRD  'talked  with  Moses.  ^^  And  all  the  people   saw  the  cloudy 
brew.  pillar  stand  at  the  tabernacle  door ;  and  all  the  people  rose  up,  and 

*3?.''i8^P3^'9f7.  ^vorshipped,  every  man  in  his  tent  door.  ^^  And  ''the  Lord  spake  unto 
c  Ex.  4. 31.  Moses  face  to  face,  as  a  man  speaketh  unto  his  friend.  And  he  turned 
^2.%.^Dc!34.^]o;  again  into  the  camp ;  but  'his  servant  Joshua,  the  son  of  Nun,  a 
e  Ex.  24. 13.        youug  man,  departed  not  out  of  the  tabernacle. 

^^  And  Moses  said  unto   the   Lord,  "  See !  thou   sayest   unto  me, 

'  Bring  up  this  people  ; '  and  thou  hast  not  let  me  know  whom  thou 

/Ge.  18. 10.  Ps.    wilt  send  Avith  me.     Yet  thou  hast  said,  '  I  -^know  thee  by  name,  and 

'■"'^'n/iijs.  thou  hast  also  found   grace  in  my  sight.'     ^^  Now  therefore,  I  pray 

thee,  if  I  have  found  grace  in  thy  sight,  ^show  me  now  thy  way,  that 

&■  I  may  know  thee,  that  I  may  find  grace  in  thy  sight;  ''and  consider 

that  this  nation  is  thy  people." 

See  Ex.' 13.2].        ^'^  And  Hc  Said,  "My  'presence  shall  go  with  thee,  and  I  will  give 

J J>e.  3. 2n._.io9.     thee  •'rest." 

,  ^^  And  he  said  unto  Him,  "  If  thy  presence  go  not  with  me,  carry  us 
not  up  hence.  ^''  For  wherein  shall  it  be  known  here  that  I  and  thy 
N-n.  14. 14.  people  have  found  grace  in  thy  sight  ?  ''is  it  not  in  that  Thou  goest 
;ceGe.  17.8.  witli  US?  'so  sliall  wc  bc  Separated,  I  and  thy  people,  from  all  the 
'"•  ^'-  '"•         people  that  are  upon  the  face  of  the  earth." 

Go.  19.21. Ja.        1' And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "I  '"will  do  this  thing  also  that 
■  "^'  thou  hast  spoken  :   for  thou  hast  found  grace  in  my  sight,  and  I  know 

thee  by  name." 
I  Tim.  0.  1".         '^  And  he  said,  "'  I  beseech  thee,  show  me  "thy  glory." 
Ex.  31. 5,  %  7.        ''^  And  He  said,  "  I  "will  make  all  my  goodness  pass  before  thee,  and 
I  will  proclaim  the  Name  of  the  Lord  before  thee;  ''and  will   be  gra- 
& 4.4'  iel     cious  to  whom  I  will   be  gracious,  and  will   show  mercy   on  whom  I 
will  snow  mercy."  ^^  And  He  said,  "  Thou  canst  not  see  my  face  ;  for 


.loll 

2  Tim.  2.  19. 
o-  Ps.  2"..  4.  &  27, 
'  I1.&86.  11 

119.33. 
h  See  Ge.  17. 


21.44.  &  22. 
&23.  LPs.  95. 
II. 


Je.  31.  14. 
p  Ro.  9.  15,  16, 


Part  VIII.]  THE  TABLES  OF  THE  LAW  RENEWED.  175 


'RefL  TefiV.^"'  'there  shall  no  man  see  me,  and  live."  -^  And  the  Lord  said,  "  Behold, 
See  Ex.  24.  io.  there  is  a  pkco  by  me,  and  thou  shalt  stand  upon  u  rock.  ^^And  it 
rK2.  21.  shall  come  to  pass,  while  my  glory  passeth  by,  that  I  will  put  thee  ""in 

a  cleft  of  the  rock,  and  will  'cover  thee  with  my  hand  while  I  pass  by. 

2^  And  I  will  take  away  my  hand,  and  thou   shalt  see   my  back   parts  ; 

but  my  face  shall  'not  be  seen." 


Ex.  24.  10. 
2. 
s  Ps.  91 

;  John  1.  13. 


SKCT.    XIX. 


Section   XIX. The  Tables  of  the  Law  renetved. 


A.  M.  2.513.  ExoD.  xxxiv. 

B.  C.  1491.  The  tables  are  rejtewed.    5  The  name  of  the  Lord  proclaimed.     8  Moses  entreateth  God  logo  with 
Hales,  1648.  them.     10  God  maketh  a  covenant  with  them,  repeating  certain  duties  of  the  first  table.     28  Moses 

Sinai.  after  fortij  days  in  the  mount  cometh  down  with  the  tables.     29  His  face  shineth,  and  lie  covereth 
it  icith  a  veil. 

ftDe'Jo'iV!'  ^  ^^^  *^®  l^ouB  said  unto  Moses,  "  Hew  "thee  two  tables  of  stone 


c Ex'.  19! 20.'  '  like  unto  the  first;  'and  I  will  write  upon  these  tables  the  words 
!^Ex.  19. 12, 13,  that  were  in  the  first  tables,  which  thou  brakest.  -  And  be  ready  in  the 
E.x.  33.  19.  Nu.  morning,  and  come  up  in  the  morning  unto  Mount  Sinai,  and  present 
•Nu  M  18  2  CI.  thyself  there  to  me  'in  the  top  of  the  mount.  ^  And  no  man  shall  ''come 
3o"'9.Ne.'9.  17.'  up  with  thcc,  neither  let  any  m.an  be  seen  throughout  all  the  mount: 


.t&H5;8?j«ei       ''^"d  he  hewed  two  tables  of  stone  like  unto  the  first;  and  Moses 

~Ps"3i  19  Ro    ^'^^^  ^^  ^^'^^  ^"  ^^^  morning,  and  went  up  unto  Mount  Sinai,  as  the 

^2. 4.    ■    ■   °'   Lord  had  commanded  him,  and   took  in  his  hand   the  two  tables  of 

A^P3.57. 10.&     stone.  ^  And  the  Lord   descended  in   the  cloud,  and  stood  with  him 

/Ex. 20.0. De. 5.  there,  and  'proclaimed  the  name  of  the  Lord.  '^And  the  Lord  passed 

je'.S.fs.Df.g.  by  before  him,  and  proclaimed,  "The  Lord,  The  Lord  -^God,  merciful 

;P3.  io3.3.Da.    ^"^  gracious,  long-suflfering,  and  abundant  in  ^goodness  and  ''truth, 

ijo  %^'  ^~'    ^l^^^Pi"g  'mercy  for  thousands,  ^forgiving  iniquity  and  transgression  and 

!c  Ex"." -23. 7, 21.     ^i"'  ^^"d  that  will  by  no  means  clear  the  guilty  ;  visiting  the  iniquity  of 

iS.'rifMtl^''    *'^®  fathers  upon  the  children,  and   upon  the   children's  children,  unto 

11.  Na.  1.3.  ■     the  third  and  to  the  fourth  generation."  ^  And  Moses  made  haste,  and 

i^Ders!!^.  Vs.    'bowed   his  head  toward  the  earth,  and   worshipped.  ^  And  he  said, 

Je!  ih^iizo.'    "  ^^  "°^  ^  ^^^^^  ^^""^  S^^^^  "^  ^^y  ^^g'^^'  ^  L'^^'fl  •  l<2t  my  Lord,  I  pray 

2?i2.'  ■  "■  thee,  go  among  us ;  for  it  is  a  stiff-necked  people ;  and  pardon  our 
'oDefS  2Sa   i^i^^ity  and  our  sin,  and  take  us  for  '"thine  inheritance." 

7.23.pr77.H;  I'^And  He  said,  "Behold,  "I  make  a  covenant:  before  all  thy 
people  I  will  "do  marvels,  such  as  have  not  been  done  in  all  the  earth, 
g  De.  5. 32.  uor  iu  any  nation  :  and  all  the  people  among  which  thou  art  shall 
'"n^e^rl.ju'.fi!.  ^^.^  the  M^ork  of  the  Lord  ;  for  it  ''is  a  terrible  thing  that  I  will  do 
« Ex^23. 24. De.  with  thco.  ^^  Obscrve  'thou  that  which  I  command  "thee  this  day: 
*  Heh.  statues,  bchold,  I  drivc  out  before  thee  the  Amorite,  and  the  Canaanite,  and 
«De^.j.^5^&  12.^   the   Hittite,   and    the    Perizzite,  and   the   Hivite,   and   the   Jebusite. 

]8.4.'&23.~i4.'"  ^"Take  'heed  to  thyself,  lest  thou  make  a  covenant  with  the  inhabit- 
«^Ex.'2o.'3,'  .5.  ^"^^  °^  *1^^  l^"*^  whither  thou  goest,  lest  it  be  for  a  snare  in  the  midst  of 
«sois.  9.  b'.fc  thee.  ^^  But  ye  shall  'destroy  their  altars,  break  their  *  images,  and  'cut 
»fEx.^2).  5.  *^°^^'"  ^'^^"'  g»;oves.  !■*  For  thou  shalt  worship  "no  other  god,  (for  the 
zDe/31.  iG.j.i.    Lord,  whose  "name  is  Jealous,  is  a  '"jealous  God,)  ^^  lest  thou  make  a 

Iz!"gV9.'  ^"  °'  covenant  with  the  inhabitants  of  the  land,  and  they  ''go  a  whoring 
7,  Nv  a-j.  2. 1  Co.  after  their  gods,  and  do  sacrifice  unto  their  gods,  and  one  ^call  thee, 
z  ps.lofi.  28.  and  thou  ""eat  of  his  sacrifice ;  ^^  and  thou  take  of  "their  daughters 
a D^VV'i  Ki°"  ""^^  ^^^^  ^^"^'  ^"^  ^^®"'  ^^"gbters  *go  a  whoring  after  their  gods,  and 
°ii.\iizra9.'2.  make  thy  sons  go  a  whoring  after  their  gods.  ^^Thou  "shalt  make 
iNu".25.T'2.      ^^^^^  ^^  molten  gods. 

cEx.32. 8.  Le.  ^^ "  Tlic  fcast  of  "^Unleavencd  Bread  slialt  tliou  kccp.  Seven  days 
d^see  Ex.  12.  c,  thou  shalt  eat  unleavened  bread,  as  I  commanded  thee,  in  the  time  of 
e  se'eEx  13  4 '  ^'^^  ^^^o^th  Abib  ;  for  in  the  month  '  Abib  thou  earnest  out  from  Egypt. 
/sleEx.'  13.' 2.'  ^°  ^U  ^that  openeth  the  matrix  is  mine  ;  and  every  firstling  among  thy 
gEx.  13. 13.        cattle,  whether  ox  or  sheep,  that  is  male.  ^^  But  "the  firstling  of  an  ass 


176 


OFFERINGS  OF  THE  PEOPLE 


[Period  III. 


t  Or,  kid. 


h  Ex.  23.  15.  De. 

16.  IG.  1  Sa.  9. 

7,  8. 2  Sa.  24. 24. 
i  See  Ge.  2.  2,  3. 

jEx.23.  16.  De. 

It).  10,  13. 
J  Heb.  revolutiun 

of  Uu  year. 
kEx.  23.  14,17. 

De.  16.  16. 

I  Ex.  33.  2.  I.e. 
18.  24.  De.  7.  1. 
Ps.  78.  55.  &  80. 
8. 

m  De.  12.  20.  & 

19.8. 
n  See  Ge.  35.  .5. 

2  Ch.  17.  10.  Pr. 

16.  7.  Ac.  18. 

10. 
o  See  Ex.  12.  8. 
y  Ex.  12.  10. 
5  Ex.  23.  19.  De. 

26.  2,  10. 
rDe.  14.21. 
sDe.  4.  13.  &31. 

9. 
lEx.  24.  18.   De. 

9.  9,  18. 

II  ver.  1.  Ex.  31. 
18.  De.  10.  2,  4. 

*  Heb.  words. 
V  Ex.  32.  15. 
to  Mat.  17. 2. 
2  Co.  3.  7,  13. 


thou  shalt  redeem  with  a  f lamb ;  and  if  thou  redeem  him  not,  then 
slialt  thou  break  his  neck.  All  the  firstborn  of  thy  sons  thou  shalt 
redeem.     And  none  shall  appear  before  me  'empty. 

21 "  Si.\  'days  thou  shalt  work,  but  on  the  seventh  day  thou  shalt 
rest ;  in  earing  time  and  in  harvest  thou  shalt  rest. 

-"-••And  ^ thou  shalt  observe  the  feast  of  Weeks,  of  the  Firstfruits 
of  Wheat  Harvest,  and  the  feast  of  Ingathering  at  the  tyear's  end. 

-^  "  Thrice  *in  the  year  shall  all  your  men  children  appear  before 
the  Lord  God,  the  God  of  Israel.  -"*  For  I  will  'cast  out  the  nations 
before  thee,  and  ""enlarge  thy  borders ;  "neither  shall  any  man  desire 
thy  land  when  thou  shalt  go  up  to  appear  before  the  Lord  thy  God 
thrice  in  the  year. 

-^"Thou  "shalt  not  offer  the  blood  of  my  sacrifice  with  leaven  ; 
^neither  shall  the  sacrifice  of  the  feast  of  the  Passover  be  left  until  the 
morning.  ^''The  'first  of  the  firstfruits  of  thy  land  thou  shalt  bring 
unto  the  house  of  the  Lord  thy  God.  "Thou  shalt  not  seethe  a  kid  in 
his  mother's  milk." 

2"  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Write  thou  'these  words ;  for 
after  the  tenor  of  these  words  I  Have  made  a  covenant  with  thee  and 
with  Israel."  ^s  And  'he  was  there  with  the  Lord  forty  days  and  forty 
nights ;  he  did  neither  eat  bread,  nor  drink  water.  And  "he  wrote 
upon  the  tables  the  words  of  the  covenant,  the  ten  *commandments. 

-^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Moses  came  down  from  Mount  Sinai 
with  the  "two  tables  of  testimony  in  IMoses'  hand,  when  he  came  down 
from  the  mount,  that  Moses  wist  not  that  "the  skin  of  his  face  shone 
while  he  talked  with  Him.  ^°  And  when  Aaron  and  all  the  children  of 
Israel  saw  Moses,  behold,  the  skin  of  his  face  shone!  and  they  were 
afraid  to  come  nigh  him.  ^^  And  Moses  called  unto  them,  and  Aaron 
and  all  the  rulers  of  the  congregation  returned  unto  him ;  and  Moses 
talked  with  them.  ^-  And  afterward  all  the  children  of  Israel  came 
nigh :  'and  he  gave  them  in  commandment  all  that  the  Lord  had 
spoken  with  him  in  Mount  Sinai.  ^^  And  till  Moses  had  done  speaking 
with  them,  he  put  ^a  veil  on  his  face.  ^*  But  when  Moses  went  in 
before  the  LoiiD  to  speak  with  him,  he  took  the  veil  oft',  until  he 
came  out.  And  he  came  out,  and  spake  unto  the  children  of  Israel 
that  which  he  was  commanded.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  saw 
the  face  of  Moses,  that  the  skin  of  Moses'  face  shone  ;  and  Moses 
put  the  veil  upon  his  face  again,  until  he  went  in  to  speak  with  Him. 

Section    XX. — Offerings  of  the  People  for  the  Blaking  of  the  Tabernacle  ;— 
Furniture  and  Completion  of  the  Tabernacle,  and  its  Erection. 

EXOD.  XXXV.  to  xl. 
The  Sabbath.  4  The  free  gifts  for  the  tabernacle.  20  Tli^  readiness  of  the  people  to  offer.  30  Be- 
zaleel  and  Aholiab  arc  called  to  the  tcork.  — Chap,  xxxvi.  1  The  offerings  are  delivered  to  the 
workmen.  5  The  liberality  of  the  people  is  restrained.  8  The  curtains  of  cherubim,  l-t  The 
curt xins  of  goats'  hair.  19  The  covering  of  skins.  20  Tlie  boards  ivith  their  sockets.  31  The 
bars.  33  Tlie  veil.  37  The  hanging  for  the  door.  — Chap,  xxxvii.  1  The  ark.  6  The  mercy 
seat  wUh  chenMm.  10  The  table  with  his  vessels.  17  The  candlestick  trith  his  lamps  and  instru- 
ments. ^  The  altar  of  incense.  29  The  anointins:  oil  and  sweet  incense.  —  Chap,  x.xxviii.  1  The 
altar  of  band  offerins;.  8  The  larer  of  brass.  -9  The  court.  21  The  sum  of  that  the  people 
offered —Chnp.  xxxix.  1  The  cloths' of  service  and  holij  gamientt.  2  The  ephod.  8  The 
brea.-ilplale.  22  The  robe  of  the  ephod.  "27  Tlie  coats,  mitre,  aiul  girdle  of  fine  linen.  30  The 
plate  of  the  holy  crouyn.  32  All  is  viewed  aiul  approved  by  Moses.  —  Chap.  xl.  1  The  iabernacle 
is  commanded  to  be  reared,  9  and  anointed-  13  Aaron  and  his  sons  to  be  sanctified.  16  Moses 
performeth  all  tlmigs  accordingly.     3i  A  cloud  covercth  the  tabernacle. 

1  And  Moses  gathered  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel 
together,  and  said  unto  them,  "  These  "are  the  words  which  the  Lord 
6See^Ge.2.2^Le.  hath  Commanded,  that  ye  should  do  them.  ~  Si.x  ''days  shall  work  be 
done,  but  on  the  seventh  day  there  shall  be  to  you  *a  holy  day,  a  Sab- 
bath of  rest  to  the  Lord  ;  whosoever  doeth  work  therein  shall  be 
put  to  death.  ^  Ye  'shall  kindle  no  fire  throughout  your  habitations 
upon  the  SabbatJi  day." 


y  2  Co.  3.  13,  16. 


SECT.    XX. 

A.  M.  '2514. 

B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,  1647. 

Sinai. 


a  Ex.  34.  32. 


32,  &c.  De.  5. 

12.  Lu.  13.  14. 
*  Heb.  holiness, 
!  Ex.  16.  23. 


A  Ex, 

.26. 

1,&C. 

iEx. 

25. 

10, 

&c. 

jEx. 

95. 

23. 

k  Ex. 

,35. 

30. 

Le. 

24.. 

5,  C. 

I  Ex. 

25, 

31, 

&c. 

mEx 

.  30 

.  1. 

«  Ex. 

.30. 

'23. 

oEx. 

,30. 

34. 

pEx. 

,27. 

1. 

Part  VIII.]  FOR  THE  MAKING  OF  THE  TABERNACLE.  177 

^  And  Moses  spake  unto  all  the   congregation  of  the   children  of 

dEx.  25. 1, 2.  Israel,  saying,  "  This  ''is  the  thing  which  the  Lord  commanded,  say- 
ing, ^ '  Take   ye   from  among  you  an  offering  unto  the  Lord,  (who- 

t  Ex.  25. 2.  soever  'is  of  a  wiUing  heart,  let  him  bring  it,  an  offering  of  the  Lord,) 

gold,   and   silver,  and   brass,  ^  and   blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and 
fine  linen,  and  goats'  hair,  '''  and  rams'  skins  dyed  red,  and   badgers' 

/Ex.  25. 6.  skins,  and  shittim  wood,  ^  and  oil  for  the  light,  ■''and  spices  for  anoint- 

ing oil,  and  for  the  sweet  incense,  ^  and  onyx  stones,  and  stones  to  be 

^Ex.  31.  G.  get  for  ti^g  ephod,  and  for  the  breastplate.  ^^  And  ^every  wise-hearted 
among  you  shall  come,  and  make  all  that  the  Lord  hath  command- 
ed ;  ^^  the  ''tabernacle,  his  tent,  and  his  covering,  his  taches,  and  his 
"■  boards,  his  bars,  his  pillars,  and  his  sockets,  ^^  the  'ark,  and  the  staves 
thereof,  with  the  mercy  seat,  and  the  veil  of  the  covering,  ^^  the 
stable,  and  his  staves,  and  all  his  vessels,  '^and  the  show-bread,  ^^  the 
'candlestick  also  for  the  light,  and  his  furniture,  and  his  lamps,  with 
the  oil  for  the  light,  ^^and  '"the  incense  altar,  and  his  staves,  "and  the 
anointing  oil,  and  "the  sweet  incense,  and  the  hanging  for  the  door 
at  the  entering  in  of  the  tabernacle.  ^^The  ^'altar  of  burnt  offering, 
with  his  brazen  grate,  his  staves,  and  all  his  vessels,  the  laver  and  his 

9EX.  27. 9.  fQQt^  1"  the  'hangings  of  the  court,  his  pillars,  and  their  sockets,  and 
the  hanging  for  the  door  of  the  court,  ^^  the  pins   of  the   tabernacle, 

r  Ex.  31. 10.        and  the  pins  of  the  court,  and  their  cords,  ^^  the  'cloths  of  service,  to 
do  service  in  the   holy  place,  the  holy  garments  for  Aaron  the  priest, 
and  the  garments  of  his  sons,  to  minister  in  the  priest's  office.'  " 
^^  And  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  departed  from 

^a'^faMs'^^g'  ^^^^  presence  of  Moses.  ^^And  they  came,  (every  one  "whose  heart 
&29. 9.  Eir'a'?;  stiricd  him  up,  and  every  one  whom  his  spirit  made  willing),  and  they 
&977.°"  '  "  brought  the  Lord's  ofTering  to  the  work  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 
gregation, and  for  all  his  service,  and  for  the  holy  garments.  ^^And 
they  came  (both  men  and  women,  as  many  as  were  willing-hearted), 
and  brought  bracelets,  and  earrings,  and  rings,  and  tablets,  all  jewels 
of  gold :  and  every  man  that  offered  offered  an  offering  of  gold  unto 

ti  ch.29. 8.  the  Lord.  ~^And  'every  man,  with  whom  was  found  blue,  and  purple, 
and  scarlet,  and  fine  linen,  and  goats'  hair,  and  red  skins  of  rams,  and 
badgers'  skins,  brought  them.  ^'  Every  one  that  did  offer  an  offering  of 
silver  and  brass  brought  the  Lord's  offering;  and  every  man,  with 
whom  was  found  shittim  wood  for  any  work  of  the  service,  brought  it. 

"3f.''G.^' 36.*i.     ^^  And  all  the  women  that  were  "wise-hearted  did  spin  with  their  hands, 

lu'idTil'iZ'  ^'^^^  brought  that  which  they  had  spun,  both  of  blue,  and  of  purple, 
and  of  scarlet,  and  of  fine  linen.  ^''And  all  the  women  whose  heart 

^1  Ch.29. 6.       stirred  them  up  in  wisdom  spun  goats'  hair.  ^^  And  "the  rulers  brought 
Ezra  2. 68.        ^^^^^  stoucs,  and  stones  to  be  set,  for  the  ephod,  and  for  the  breast- 

w  Ex.  30.  23.       plate  ;  ^^  and  '"spice,  and  oil  for  the  light,  and  for  the  anointing  oil,  and 

X  See  ver.  21.  for  the  swcct  inccnsc.  ^^  The  children  of  Israel  brought  a  ""willing 
offering  unto  the  Lord,  every  man  and  woman,  whose  heart  made  them 
willing  to  bring  for  all  manner  of  work,  which  the  Lord  had  com- 
manded to  be  made  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

y  Ex.  31. 2,  &.C.  30  Aud  Moscs  Said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  "  See  !  '-'the  Lord  hath 
called  by  name  Bezaleel  the  son  of  Uri,  the  son  of  Hur,  of  the  tribe 
of  Judah  ;  ^^  and  he  hath  filled  him  with  the  Spirit  of  God,  in  wisdom, 
in  understanding,  and  in  knowledge,  and  in  all  manner  of  workman- 
ship ;  ^^  and  to  devise  curious  works,  to  work  in  gold,  and  in  silver, 
and  in  brass,  ^^and  in  the  cutting  of  stones,  to  set  them,  and  in  carv- 
ing of  wood,  to  make  any  manner  of  cunning  work.  ^^  And  he  hath 

«wr  IV  Ex  31    P"^  "^  '^'^  heart  that  he  may  teach,  both  he,  and  "'Aholiab,  the  son  of 

3, 6.'  1  Ki.  7."  14."  Ahisamach,  of  the  tribe  of  Dan.  ^^  Them  hath  he  "filled  with  wisdom 

23. 2G.  ■    ■  '■    of  heart,  to  work  all  manner  of  work,  of  the  engraver,  and  of  the 
VOL.  I.  23 


178  THE  MAKING  OF  THE  TABERNACLE,  &c.      [PEnioD  III. 

cunning  workman,  and  of  the  embroiderer,  in  blue,  and  in  purple,  in 
scarlet,  and  in  fine  linen,  and  of  the  weaver,  even  of  them  that  do  any 
work,  and  of  those  that  devise  cunning  work." 

*6^&  35' 10^^^'  ^Then  wrought  Bezaleel  and  Aholiab,  and  every  ''wise-  Exou.xxxvi. 
hearted  man,  in  whom  the  Lord  put  wisdom  and  understanding  to  know 

c  Ex.  25. 8.  how  to  work  all  manner  of  work  for  the  service  of  the  ^sanctuary,  accord- 
ing to  all  that  the  Lord  had  commanded.  ^  And  Moses  called  Bezaleel 
and  Aholiab,  and  every  wise-hearted  man,  in  whose  heart  tiie  Lord  had 

''i^ch^^^s^'  P*^^  wisdom,  even  every  one  ''whose  heart  stirred  him  up  to  come  unto 
the  work  to  do  it.  ^  And  they  received  of  Moses  all  the  offering,  which 

e  Ex.  35. 27.  the  children  of  Israel  'had  brought  for  the  work  of  the  service  of  the 
sanctuary,  to  make  it  withal.  And  they  brought  yet  unto  him  free 
offerings  every  morning.  '*  And  all  the  wise  men,  that  wrought  all  the 
work  of  the  sanctuary,  came  every  man  from  his  work  \\hich  they 

/2Co.  8. 2,3.  made  ;  ^and  they  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  "  The  •'"people  bring  much 
more  than  enough  for  the  service  of  the  work,  which  the  Lord  com- 
manded to  make."  ^  And  Moses  gave  commandment,  and  tliey  caused 
it  to  be  proclaimed  throughout  the  camp,  saying,  "  Let  neither  man 
nor  woman  make  any  more  work  for  the  offering  of  the  sanctuary." 
So  the  people  were  restrained  from  bringing.  "^  For  the  stuff  they  had 
was  sufficient  for  all  the  work  to  make  it,  and  too  much. 

g  Ex.  26. 1.  8  And  "every  wise-hearted  man  among  them  that  wrought  the  work 

of  the  tabernacle  made  ten  curtains  of  fine-twined  linen,  and  blue, 
and  purple,  and  scarlet :  with  cherubim  of  cunning  work  made  he 
them.  ^  The  length  of  one  curtain  was  twenty  and  eight  cubits,  and 
the  breadth  of  one  curtain  four  cubits  :  the  curtains  were  all  of  one  size. 
^^  And  he  coupled  the  five  curtains  one  unto  another :  and  the  other 
five  curtains  he  coupled  one  unto  another.  ^^  And  he  made  loops  of 
blue  on  the  edge  of  one  curtain  from  the  selvedge  in  the  coupling : 
likewise  he  made  in  the  uttermost  side  of  another  curtain,  in  the  coup- 

/t  Ex.  26. 5.  ling  of  the  second.  ^- Fifty  ''loops  made  he  in  one  curtain,  and  fifty 
loops  made  he  in  the  edge  of  the  curtain  which  was  in  the  coupling 
of  the  second  :  the  loops  held  one  curtain  to  another.  ^^  And  he  made 
fifty  taches  of  gold,  and  coupled  the  curtains  one  unto  another  with 
the  taches  :    so  it  became  one  tabernacle. 

i  Ex.  26. 7.  1^  And  'he  made  curtains  of  goats'  hair  for  the  tent  over  the  taberna- 

cle: eleven  curtains  he  made  them.  ^^The  length  of  one  curtain  was 
thirty  cubits,  and  four  cubits  was  the  breadth  of  one  curtain  :  the  eleven 
curtains  were  of  one  size.  ^^  And  he  coupled  five  curtains  by  themselves, 
and  six  curtains  by  themselves.  ^''  And  he  made  fifty  loops  upon  the 
uttermost  edge  of  the  curtain  in  the  coupling,  and  fifty  loops  made  he 
upon  the  edge  of  the  curtain  which  coupleth  the  second.  ^^  And  he  made 
fifty  taches  of  brass  to  couple  the  tent  together,  that  it  might  be  one. 

jEx.  26. 14, 15.  1^  And^he  made  a  covering  for  tiie  tent  of  rams'  skins  dyed  red,  and 
a  covering  of  badgers'  skins  above  that. 

2"  And  he  made  boards  for  the  tabernacle  of  shittim  wood,  standing 
up.  2^  The  length  of  a  board  was  ten  cubits,  and  the  breadth  of  a  board 
one  cubit  and  a  half.  ^-  One  board  had  two  tenons,  equally  distant  one 
from  another:  thus  did  he  make  for  all  the  boards  of  the  tabernacle. 
~3  And  he  made  boards  for  the  tabernacle  ;  twenty  boards  for  the  south 
side  southward.  ~*  And  forty  sockets  of  silver  he  made  under  the  twenty 
boards;  two  sockets  under  one  board  for  his  two  tenons,  and  two 
sockets  under  another  board  for  his  two  tenons.  ~^'  And  for  the  other  side 
of  the  tabernacle,  which  is  toward  the  north  corner,  he  made  twenty 
boards,  ^'^  and  their  forty  sockets  of  silver  ;  two  sockets  under  one 
board,  and  two  sockets  under  another  board.  ~"  And  for  the  sides  of  the 
tabernacle  westward  he  made  si.\  boards.  ~^  And  two  boards  made  he 


Part  VIII.] 


THE  MAKING  OF  THE  TABERNACLE,  &c. 


179 


*  Heb.  the  work 
of  a  needle  work- 
er, or,  embroider- 


n  Ex.  25.  10. 


for  the  corners  of  the  tabernacle  in  the  two  sides.  ^QAnd  they  were 
V  Heb.  twined.       fcouplcd  beneath,  and  coupled  together  at  the  head  thereof,  to  one  ring  : 

thus  he  did  to  both  of  them  in  both  the  corners,  ^o  And  there  were 
Xneh.  two  sock-    eiffht  boards;  and  their  sockets  were  sixteen  sockets  of  silver,  tunder 

ets,  two  sockets  "  ,  ,    ^  ■      , 

unJerimc  board,     eveij   board   tWO   SOCKCtS. 

k  Ex.  2G.  06.  31  And  he  made  'bars  of  shittim  wood ;  five  for  the  boards  of  the  one 

side  of  the  tabernacle,  ^'-and  five  bars  for  the  boards  of  the  other  side 
of  the  tabernacle,  and  five  bars  for  the  boards  of  the  tabernacle  for  the 
sides  westward.  ^^And  he  made  the  middle  bar  to  shoot  through  the 
boards  from  the  one  end  to  the  other.  3"*  And  he  overlaid  the  boards 
with  gold,  and  made  their  rings  of  gold  to  be  places  for  the  bars,  and 
overlaid  the  bars  with  gold. 
I  Ex.  26. 31.  35  And  he  made  'a  veil  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine-twined 

linen  :  with  cherubim  made  he  it  of  cunning  work.  ^^  And  he  made 
thereunto  four  pillars  of  shittim  wood,  and  overlaid  them  with  gold : 
their  hooks  were  of  gold  ;  and  he  cast  for  them  four  sockets  of  silver. 
m  Ex.  -26. 33.  37  And  hc  made  '"a  hanging  for  the  tabernacle  door  of  blue,  and 

purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine-twined  linen,  *of  needlework,  =^^and  the 
five  pillars  of  it  with  their  hooks ;  and  he  overlaid  their  chapiters  and 
their  fillets  with  gold,  but  their  five  sockets  were  of  brass. 

1  And  Bezaleel  made  "the  ark  of  shittim  wood :  two  cubits  Exoo.xxxvii. 
and  a  half  was  the  length  of  it,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth  of 
it,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the  height  of  it.  ^  And  he  overlaid  it  w^th 
pure  gold  within  and  without,  and  made  a  crown  of  gold  to  it  round 
about.  =^  And  he  cast  for  it  four  rings  of  gold,  to  be  set  by  the  four 
corners  of  it ;  even  two  rings  upon  the  one  side  of  it,  and  two  rings 
upon  the  other  side  of  it.  ^And  he  made  staves  of  shittim  wood,  and 
overlaid  them  with  gold.  ^  And  he  put  the  staves  into  the  rings  by  the 
sides  of  the  ark,  to  bear  the  ark. 

^  And  he  made  the  "mercy  seat  of  pure  gold  :  two  cubits  and  a  half 
was  the  length  thereof,  and  one  cubit  and  a  half  the  breadth  thereof. 
■^  And  he  made  two  cherubim  of  gold,  beaten  out  of  one  piece  made  he 
them,  on  the  two  ends  of  the  mercy  seat,  ^  (one  cherub  ton  the  end  on 
this  side,  and  another  cherub  ton  the  other  end  on  that  side,)  out  of 
the  mercy  seat  made  he  the  cherubim  on  the  two  ends  thereof.  ^  And 
the  cherubim  spread  out  their  wings  on  high,  and  covered  with  their 
wings  over  the  mercy  seat,  with  their  faces  one  to  another ;  even  to  the 
mercy  seat-ward  were  the  faces  of  the  cherubim. 

^^  And  he  made  ''the  table  of  shittim  wood  :  two  cubits  was  the  length 
thereof,  and  a  cubit  the  breadth  thereof,  and  a  cubit  and  a  half  the 
height  thereof.  ^^  And  he  overlaid  it  with  pure  gold,  and  made  there- 
unto a  crown  of  gold  round  about.  ^^  Also  he  made  thereunto  a  border 
of  a  hand  breadth  round  about ;  and  made  a  crown  of  gold  for  tlie 
border  thereof  round  about.  ^^  And  he  cast  for  it  four  rings  of  gold, 
and  put  the  rings  upon  the  four  corners  that  were  in  the  four  feet  thereof. 
!■*  Over  against  the  border  were  the  rings,  the  places  for  the  staves  to 
bear  the  table.  ^^  And  he  made  the  staves  of  shittim  wood,  and  overlaid 
them  with  gold,  to  bear  the  table.  ^'^And  he  made  the  vessels  which 
were  upon  the  table,  his  'dishes,  and  his  spoons,  and  his  bowls,  and  his 
,  covers  *to  cover  withal,  of  pure  gold. 

^''  And  he  made  the  "candlestick  of  pure  gold  :  of  beaten  work  made 
he  the  candlestick  ;  his  shaft,  and  his  branch,  his  bowls,  his  knops,  and 
his  flowers,  were  of  the  same.  ^^  And  six  branches  going  out  of  the  sides 
thereof;  three  branches  of  the  candlestick  out  of  the  one  side  thereof, 
and  three  branches  of  the  candlestick  out  of  the  other  side  thereof. 
^^  Three  bowls  made  after  the  fashion  of  almonds  in  one  branch,  a  knop 
and  a  flower  ;  and  three  bowls  made  like  almonds  in  another  branch, 


0  Ex.  25.  17. 


t  Or,  out  of,  lVc 
I  Or,  out  of,  4-c. 


p  See  Ex.  35. 


180  THE  MAKING  OF  THE  ALTAR,  Sic.  [Pekiod  HI. 

a  knop  and  a  flower :  so  throughout  the  six  branches  going  out  of  the 
candlestick.  -^  And  in  the  candlestick  were  four  bowls  made  like  al- 
monds, his  knops,  and  his  flowers ;  -^  and  a  knop  under  two  branches 
of  the  same,  and  a  knop  under  two  branches  of  the  same,  and  a  knop 
under  two  branches  of  the  same,  according  to  the  six  branches  going 
out  of  it.  -^  Their  knops  and  their  branches  were  of  the  same  ;  all  of 
it  was  one  beaten  work  of  pure  gold.  -•^  And  he  made  his  seven  lamps, 
and  his  snuffbrs,  and  his  snuftrlishes,  of  pure  gold.  ~^  Of  a  talent  of  pure 
gold  made  he  it,  and  all  the  vessels  thereof. 

sEx.  30. 1.  25^j^(j  q^g  made  the  incense  altar  of  shittim  wood  :  the  length  of  it 

was  a  cubit,  and  the  breadth  of  it  a  cubit ;  it  was  foursquare  ;  and  two 
cubits  was  the  height  of  it ;  the  horns  thereof  were  of  the  same.  -^  And 
he  overlaid  it  with  pure  gold,  both  the  top  of  it,  and  the  sides  thereof 
round  about,  and  the  horns  of  it ;  also  he  made  unto  it  a  crown  of  gold 
round  about.  -'''And  he  made  two  rings  of  gold  for  it  under  the  crown 
thereof,  by  the  two  corners  of  it,  upon  the  two  sides  thereof,  to  be  places 
for  the  staves  to  bear  it  withal.  ^^  And  he  made  the  staves  of  shittim 
wood,  and  overlaid  them  with  gold. 

t  Ex.  30. 23, 34.  29  ^j-,(j  j^g  made  'the  holy  anointing  oil,  and  the  pure  incense  of  sweet 
spices,  according  to  the  work  of  the  apothecary. 

u  Ex.  27. 1.  1  And  "he  made  the  altar  of  burnt  offering  of  shittim  wood :         Exod. 

five  cubits  was  the  length  thereof,  and  five  cubits  the  breadth 
thereof ;  it  was  foursquare  ;  and  three  cubits  the  height  thereof.  ^  And 
he  made  the  horns  thereof  on  the  four  corners  of  it,  (the  horns  thereof 
were  of  the  same)  ;  and  he  overlaid  it  with  brass.  ^  And  he  made  all  the 
vessels  of  the  altar,  the  pots,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  basons,  and  the 
flesh-hooks,  and  the  firepans  :  all  the  vessels  thereof  made  he  of  brass. 
"*  And  he  made  for  the  altar  a  brazen  grate  of  network  under  the  compass 
thereof  beneath  unto  the  midst  of  it.  ^  And  he  cast  four  rings  for  the 
four  ends  of  the  grate  of  brass,  to  be  places  for  the  staves.  "  And  he 
made  the  staves  of  shittim  wood,  and  overlaid  them  with  brass.  "And 
he  put  the  staves  into  the  rings  on  the  sides  of  the  altar,  to  bear  it 
withal ;  he  made  the  altar  hollow  with  boards. 

eEx.  30. 18.  8  And  he  made  "the  laver  of  brass,  and  the  foot  of  it  of  brass,  of  the 

\0i,  brazen gUss.  flookiug-glasses  of  the  women  tassembling,  which  assembled  at  the  door 

tueh. assembling  of  the  tabcmacle  of  the  congregation. 
I'srTir  ^  "^"^  '^^  "^^*^^^  "^'^'^  court.  On  the  South  side  southward  the  hang- 

u,  Ex.  27. 9.  ings  of  the  court  were  of  fine-twined  linen,  an  hundred  cubits.  ^"  Their 
pillars  were  twenty,  and  their  brazen  sockets  twenty ;  the  hooks  of  the 
pillars  and  their  fillets  were  of  silver.  ^^  And  for  the  North  side  the 
hangings  were  an  hundred  cubits,  their  pillars  were  twenty,  and  their 
sockets  of  brass  twenty ;  the  hooks  of  the  pillars  and  their  fillets  of 
silver.  ^^  And  for  the  AVest  side  were  hangings  of  fifty  cubits,  their 
pillars  ten,  and  their  sockets  ten  ;  the  hooks  of  the  pillars,  and  their 
fillets  of  silver.  ^^And  for  the  East  side  eastward  fifty  cubits.  ^''The 
hangings  of  the  one  side  of  the  gate  were  fifteen  cubits ;  their  pillars 
three,  and  their  sockets  three.  ^'''And  for  the  other  side  of  the  court 
gate,  on  this  hand  and  that  hand,  were  hangings  of  fifteen  cubits  ; 
their  pillars  three,  and  their  sockets  three.  ^^  AH  the  liangings  of  the 
court  round  about  were  of  fine-twined  linen.  ^^  And  the  sockets  for  the 
pillars  were  of  brass  ;  the  hooks  of  the  pillars  and  their  fillets  of  silver  ; 
and  the  overlaying  of  their  chapiters  of  silver  ;  and  all  the  pillars  of 
the  court  were  filleted  with  silver.  "^  And  the  hanging  for  the  gate  of 
the  court  was  needlework,  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine- 
twined  linen  ;  and  twenty  cubits  was  the  length,  and  the  height  in  the 
breadth  was  five  cubits,  answerable  to  the  hangings  of  the  court.  "And 
their  pillars  were  four,  and  their  sockets  of  brass  four;  their  hooks  of 


25,; 


Part  VIII.]  THE  MAKING  OF  THE  EPHOD,  &c.  181 

silver,  and  the  overlaying  of  their  chapiters  and  their  fillets  of  silver. 
X  Ex.  27.  19.       20  ^j^^  j^]j  ^i^g  ^pjns  Qf  the  tabcmacle,  and  of  the  court  round  about, 

were  of  brass. 

y  Nu.  1. 5^  53.         21  'pj^jg   ig  thg  sum  of  the   tabernacle,   even  of  ^the   tabernacle   of 

11.  &17. 7,8.'&  testimony,  as  it  was  counted,  according  to  the  commandment  of  Moses, 

g!'"ac.'7^44.^^'    for  the  service  of  the  Levites,  "by  the  hand  of  Ithamar,  son  to  Aaron 

2  Nu.  4. 28,  33.    ti^g  priest.  2~  And  "Bezaleel  the  son  of  Uri,  the  son  of  Hur,  of  the  tribe 

a  Ex.  31. 2, 6.      ^^  Judah,  made  all  that  the  Lord  commanded  Moses.  ^3  And  with  him 

was  Ahohab,  son  of  Ahisamach,  of  the  tribe  of  Dan,  an  engraver,  and 

a  cunning  workman,  and   an  embroiderer  in  blue,  and  in  purple,  and 

in  scarlet,  and  fine  linen. 

^^  All  the  gold  that  was  occupied  for  the  work  in  all  the  work  of  the 

holy  place,  even  the  gold  of  the  offering,  was  twenty  and  nine  talents, 

*Le'''5^*'i5^^&^7  ^"^  seven  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  after  Hhe  shekel  of  the  sanctuary. 

3, 25.  Nu'.  3. 47'.       25  ^nd  the  silver  of  them  that  were  numbered  of  the  congregation  was 

an  hundred  talents,  and  a  thousand  seven  hundred  and  threescore  and 

c  Ex.  30. 13, 15.    fifteen    shekels,  after  the   shekel   of  the  sanctuary.    ^^A  'bekah   for 

*  Heb.  avou.       *every  man,  that  is,  half  a  shekel,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary,  for 

every  one  that  went  to  be  numbered,  from  twenty  years  old  and  up- 

dNu.  1.46.         ward,  for  "^six  hundred  thousand  and  three  thousand  and  five  hundred 

« Ex.  26. 19, 21,    and  fifty  men.  ^^  And  of  the  hundred  talents  of  silver  were   cast  'the 

sockets  of  the  sanctuary,  and  the  sockets  of  the  veil ;  an  hundred  sockets 

of  the  hundred  talents,  a  talent  for  a  socket.  ^^  And  of  the   thousand 

seven  hundred  seventy  and  five  shekels  he  made  hooks  for  the  pillars, 

and  overlaid  their  chapiters,  and  filleted  them.  ~^  And  the  brass  of  tlie 

oflfering  was  seventy   talents,  and   two   thousand   and  four  hundred 

shekels.  ^°  And  therewith   he   made   the  sockets   to  the  door  of  the 

tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  the   brazen  altar,  and  the  brazen 

grate  for  it,  and  all  the  vessels  of  the  altar,  ^^  and  the  sockets  of  the  court 

round   about,  and   the   sockets  of  the  court  gate,  and  all   the  pins  of 

the  tabernacle,  and  all  the  pins  of  the  court  round  about. 

^  And  of  ■'^the  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  they  made  Exod.  xxxix. 
^cloths  of  service,  to  do  service  in  the  holy  place,  and  made 
the  holy  garments  for  Aaron  ;  ''as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses.  ^  And 
'he  made  the  ephod  of  gold,  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine- 
twined  linen.  ^  And  they  did  beat  the  gold  into  thin  plates,  and  cut  it 
into  wires,  to  work  it  in  the  blue,  and  in  the  purple,  and  in  the  scarlet, 
and  in  the  fine  linen,  with  cunning  work.  '^  They  made  shoulderpieces 
for  it,  to  couple  it  together  :  by  the  two  edges  was  it  coupled  together. 
^  And  the  curious  girdle  of  his  ephod,  that  was  upon  it,  was  of  the 
same,  according  to  the  work  thereof;  of  gold,  blue,  and  purple,  and 
scarlet,  and  fine-twined  linen  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 
J  Ex.  28. 9.  6  And  ^they  wrought  onyx  stones  enclosed  in  ouches  of  gold,  graven, 

as  signets  are  graven,  with  the  names  of  the  children  of  Israel.  ^  And  he 
put  them  on  the  shoulders  of  the  ephod,  that  they  should  be  stones  for 
fe  Ex.  28. 12.        a  ''memorial  to  the  children  of  Israel ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 
I  Ex.28. 15.  8  And  'he  made  the  breastplate  of  cunning  work,  like  the  work  of  the 

ephod  ;  of  gold,  blue,  and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  fine-twined  linen. 
'^  It  was  foursquare ;  they  made  the  breastplate   double  :  a  span   was 
the  length  thereof,  and  a  span  the  breadth  thereof,  being  doubled. 
mEx.28.  i7,&c.  10  And  '"they  set  in  it  four  rows  of  stones  :  the  first  row  was  a  tsardius, 
t  Or,  rxib-ij.  ^  topaz,  and  a  carbuncle  :  this  was  the  first  row.  ^^  And  the  second  row, 

an  emerald,  a  sapphire,  and  a  diamond.  ^~  And  the  third  row,  a  ligure, 
an  agate,  and  an  amethyst.  i^'And  the  fourth  row,  a  beryl,  an  onyx, 
and  a  jasper  :  they  were  enclosed  in  ouches  of  gold  in  their  enclosings. 
^^  And  the  stones  were  according  to  the  names  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  twelve,  according  to  their  names,  like  the  engravings  of  a  sig- 

VOL.     I.  P 


/Ex. 

35. 

23. 

C 

.31 

19. 

.  10. 

A  Ex 

.28. 

,4. 

iEx. 

28. 

6. 

182  THE  COMPLETION  OF  THE  TABERNACLE,  &c.     [Period  HL 

net,  every  one  witli  his  name,  according  to  the  twelve  tribes.  ^^  And 
they  made  upon  the  breastplate  chains  at  the  ends,  of  wreathen  work 
of  pure  gold.  ^^  And  they  made  two  ouches  of  gold,  and  two  gold 
rings ;  and  put  the  two  rings  in  the  two  ends  of  the  breastplate, 
i''  And  they  put  the  two  wreathen  chains  of  gold  in  the  two  rings  on 
the  ends  of  the  breastplate.  ^^  And  the  two  ends  of  the  two  wreathen 
chains  they  fastened  in  the  two  ouches,  and  put  them  on  the  shoulder- 
pieces  of  the  ephod,  before  it.  ^^  And  they  made  two  rings  of  gold, 
and  put  them  on  the  two  ends  of  the  breastplate,  upon  the  border  of 
it,  which  was  on  the  side  of  the  ephod  inward.  ^°  And  they  made  two 
other  golden  rings,  and  put  them  on  the  two  sides  of  the  ephod  under- 
neath, toward  the  forepart  of  it,  over  against  the  other  coupling  thereof, 
above  the  curious  girdle  of  the  ephod.  ^^  And  they  did  bind  the  breast- 
plate by  his  rings  unto  the  rings  of  the  ephod  with  a  lace  of  blue,  that  it 
might  be  above  the  curious  girdle  of  the  ephod,  and  that  the  breastplate 
might  not  be  loosed  from  the  ephod  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 
^~  And  "he  made  the  robe  of  the  ephod  of  woven  work,  all  of  blue. 

nEx.28.  31.  23  ^,-,(j  there  was  a  hole  in  the  midst  of  the  robe,  as  the  hole  of  a 
habergeon,  with  a  band  round  about  the  hole,  that  it  should  not  rend. 
^^  And  they  made  upon  the  hems  of  the  robe  pomegranates  of  blue, 
and  purple,  and  scarlet,  and  twined   linen.  ^^  And  they  made  "bells 

sEx.  28. 33.  of  pure  gold,  and  put  the  bells  between  the  pomegranates  upon  the 
hem  of  tlie  robe,  round  about  between  the  pomegranates  ;  ^^  a  bell 
and  a  pomegranate,  a  bell  and  a  pomegranate,  round  about  the  hem  of 
the  robe  to  minister  in  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

^^And  ''they  made  coats  of  fine  linen  of  woven  work   for   Aaron, 

p  Ex.  28. 39, 40.    ^jj^j  f^j.  |^jg  g^j^g^  ^^  vLnd  'a  mitrc  of  fine  linen,  and  goodly  bonnets   of 

^i-^'ii'i8^^'     ^'^^  linen,  and  ''linen  breeches  of  fine-twined   linen,  ^^ and  ^a  girdle 

r  Ex.  28. 42.        ^^  fiue-twiued  linen,  and   blue,  and   purple,  and  scarlet,   of  needle- 

s  Ex.  28.  39.        work  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

^°  And  'they  made  the  plate  of  the  holy  crown   of  pure   gold,  and 

t  Ex.  28. 3G,  37.  wrotc  upou  it  a  writing,  like  to  the  engravings  of  a  signet,  "  Holiness 
TO  THE  Lord."  ^^  And  they  tied  unto  it  a  lace  of  blue,  to  fasten  it  on 
high  upon  the  mitre  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

•*^  Thus  was  all  the  work  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  tent  of  the  congre- 
gation finished  ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  did  "according  to  all  that  the 

u  Ex.  25. 40.        Lord  commanded  Moses,  so  did  they. 

•^^  And  they  brought  the  tabernacle  unto  Moses,  the  tent,  and  all  his 
furniture,  iiis  taches,  his  boards,  his  bars,  and  his  pillars,  and  his  sock- 
ets, -'''and  the  covering  of  rams'  skins  dyed  red,  and  the  covering  of 
badgers'  skins,  and  the  veil  of  the  covering,  ^^  the  ark  of  the  testimony, 
and  the  staves  thereof,  and  the  mercy  seat,  ^^  the  table,  and  all  the 
vessels  thereof,  and  the  showbread,  ^"^  the  pure  candlestick,  with  the 
lamps  thereof,  even  with  the  lamps  to  be  set  in  order,  and  all  the  vessels 
thereof,  and  the  oil  for  light,  ^^  and  the  golden  altar,  and  the  anoint- 
ing oil,  and  tthe  sweet   incense,  and  the   hanging  for  the  tabernacle 

Kf^^el'tlyl^'  tloor,  ^^  the  brazen  altar,  and  his  grate  of  brass,  his  staves,  and  all  his 
vessels,  the  laver  and  his  foot,  ""*  the  hangings  of  the  court,  iiis  pillars, 
and  his  sockets,  and  the  hanging  for  the  court  gate,  his  cords,  and  his 
pins,  and  all  the  vessels  of  the  service  of  the  tabernacle,  for  the  tent 
of  the  congregation,  "^^  the  cloths  of  service  to  do  service  in  the  holy 
place,  and  the  holy  garments  for  Aaron  the  priest,  and  his  sons'  gar- 
ments, to  minister  in  the  priest's  office.  ''-  According  to  all  that  the 
Lord  commanded  Moses,  so  the  children  of  Israel  "made  all  the  work. 
''^And  Moses  did  look  upon  all  the  work,  and,  behold,  they  had  done 
it  as  the  Lord  had  commanded,  even  so  had  they  done  it ;  and  Moses 
'"blessed  them. 


V  Ex.  35.  JO. 

w  Le.  9.  22,  23. 
Nh.  6.  23.  Jos. 
22.  C.  2  Sa.  6. 
18.  1  Ki.  8.  14. 
2  Ch.  30.  27. 

Part  VIIL]  THE  ERECTION  OF  THE  TABERNACLE,  &c.  183 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ~"  On  the  first     Esod.  xl. 
z^Ex.  12. 2.  &  13.  day  of  the  ""first  month  shalt  thou  set  up  ^the   tabernacle  of 
y  ver.  17.  Ex.      the  tent  of  the  congregation.  ^  And  ""thou  shalt  put  therein  the  ark  of 
26.  i,aj.  ^}^g  testimony,  and  cover  the  ark  with  the  veil.  "*  And  "thou  shalt  bring 

'33.'n^u.'4?5.^^'  in  the  table,  'and  set  in  order  *the  things  that  are  to  be   set  in  order 
Vo"'  ^"  ^'''  ^^'  "P°"  ^^  5  '^"^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^''^"g  *"   *'^®  candlestick,  and  light  the  lamps 
b  ver.  23.  Ex.  25.  thcrcof.  ^  And  thou  shalt  set  the  altar  of  gold  for  the  incense  before  the 
*^Hob''ae^ordlr'  ^^^  °^  ^^^  tcstimony,  and  put  the  hanging  of  the  door  to  the   taberna- 
thJrcof.'" "''  ""    cle.  ^  And  thou  shalt  set  the  altar  of  the  burnt  offering  before  the  door 
Tver.  3a  Ex.  30.  ^^  ^'^^  tabcmacle  of  the  tent  of  the  congregation.  ^  And  ''thou  shalt  set 
is!''    ■   ''■    ■  the  laver  between  the  tent  of  the  congregation  and  the  altar,  and  shalt 
put  water  therein.  ^  And  thou  shalt  set  up  the  court  round  about,  and 
hang  up  the   hanging  at  the  court  gate.  ^  And   thou   shalt  take  the 
e  Ex.  30. 26.        anointing  oil,  and 'anoint  the  tabernacle,  and  all  that  is  therein,  and 
shalt  hallow  it,  and  all  the  vessels  thereof ;  and  it  shall  be  holy.  i°  And 
thou  shalt  anoint  the  altar  of  the  burnt  offering,  and  all  his  vessels, 
t^Heb.^^o^n^^"/  and  sauctify  the  altar  :  and  it  shall  be  an  altar  tmost  holy.  ^^  And  thou 
sg.'-JMT.   ^'     shalt  anoint  the  laver  and  his  foot,  and  sanctify  it.  ^^  And  ^thou  shalt 
/Le.  8. 1-13.       bring  Aaron  and  his  sons  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 
gregation, and  wash  them  with  water.  ^^  And  thou   shalt  put   upon 
g  Ex.  28. 41.       Aaron  the  holy  garments,  ^and  anoint  him,  and  sanctify  him  ;  that  he 
may  minister  unto  me  in  the  priest's  office.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  bring  his 
sons,  and  clothe  them  with  coats.  ^^  And   thou  shalt  anoint  them,  as 
thou  didst  anoint  their  father,  that  they  may  minister  unto  me  in  the 
ftNu.25.  13.       priest's  office ;  for  their  anointing  shall  surely  be  ''an  everlasting  priest- 
iGe.  6.  22.  j-^QQd  throughout  their  generations."  ^^  Thus  did  Moses  ;  'according  to 

all  that  the  Lord  commanded  him,  so  did  he. 

1^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  first  month  in  the  second  year,  on  the 
iNu.7.1.  first  day   of  the  month,  that   the  ^tabernacle   was  reared   up.  ^^  And 

Moses  reared  up  the  tabernacle,  and  fastened  his  sockets,  and  set  up 
the  boards  thereof,  and  put  in  the  bars  thereof,  and  reared  up  his  pil- 
lars. ^^  And  he  spread  abroad  the  tent  over  the  tabernacle,  and  put  the 
covering  of  the  tent  above  upon  it  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

20  And  he  took  and  put  Hhe  testimony  into  the  ark,  and  set  the 
staves  on  the  ark,  and  put  the  mercy  seat  above  upon  the  ark.  ^^  And 
he  brought  the  ark  into  the  tabernacle,  and  'set  up  the  veil  of  the  cov- 
ering, and  covered  the  ark  of  the  testimony  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded 
Moses. 

^2  And  "he  put  the  table  in  the  tent  of  the  congregation,  upon  the  side 
of  the  tabernacle  northward,  without  the  veil.  ^^  And  he  set  the  bread 
in  order  upon  it  before  the  Lord  ;  as  the  Lord  had  commanded  Moses. 
^'^  And  "he  put  the  candlestick  in  the  tent  of  the  congregation,  over 
against  the  table,  on  the  side  of  the  tabernacle  southward.  ^^  And  "he 
lighted  the  lamps  before  the  Lord,  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

-^  And  ''he  put  the  golden  altar  in  the  tent  of  the  congregation  be- 
fore the  veil.  ^^  And  'he  burnt  sweet  incense  thereon  ;  as  the  Lord 
commanded  Moses. 

"8  And  'he  set  up  the  hanging  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle.  -^  And 
he  put  the  altar  of  burnt  offering  by  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the 
sEx.29.38,&c-   tent  of  the  congregation,  and  'offered  upon  it  the  burnt   offering   and 

the  meat  offering  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

t Ex. 30. 18.  30  And  'he  seethe  laver  between  the  tent  of  the  congregation  and 

the  altar,  and  put  water  there,  to  wash  withal.  ^^  And  Moses  and  Aaron 

and  his  sons  washed  their  hands  and  their  feet  thereat.  ^^  When  they 

went  into  the  tent  of  the  congregation,  and  when  they  came  near  unto 

«Ex  30.19,20.    ^j^g  j^i^^^j.^  ^j^gy  washed  ;  "as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

«  Ex.  27. 9, 16.         33  And  "hc  icarcd  up  the  court  round  about  the  tabernacle  and  the 


it  Ex. 

25. 

16. 

I  Ex.  36. 
35.12. 

33.  & 

mEx 

.26 

.35. 

nEx 

.26, 

.35. 

oEx. 

,25. 

37. 

pEx, 

,30. 

6. 

5  Ex. 

30. 

7. 

rEx, 

,26. 

36. 

184  LAWS  CONCERNING  SACRIFICES.  [Period  III. 

altar,  and  set  up  tlie  hanging  of  the  court  gate.     So  Moses  finished 
the  work, 
w  Ex.  29. 43.  Le.       ^^  Then  ""a  cloud   covered   the   tent  of  tlie  congresration,  and   the 

16  2    \u   9  15  <-^      «—  •' 

Is.' 6.' 4;  Hai- 2!  glory  of  the  Lord  filled  the  tabernacle.  -^^And  Moses  ""was  not  able 
Ji  Ki^8  u.^  to  enter  into  the  tent  of  the  congregation,  because  the  cloud  abode 
2Ch.5.  k  thereon,  and  the  glory  of  the  Lord  filled  the  tabernacle.  ^^  And  ^vhen 
"n.^ke.  g'.'iD.  '  the  cloud  was  taken  up  from  over  the  tabernacle,  the  children  of 
XHeb.  juurncjcd.  Israel  twent  onward  in  all  their  journeys  ;  ^^  but  ""if  the  cloud  were  not 
z  Nu.  9  19--^.  tj^ijgjj  yp^  tjje„  they  journeyed  not  till  the  day  that  it  was  taken  up. 
aSeeEx.  13.  21.  38^01  "the  cloud  of  the  LoRD  was  upon  the  tabernacle  by  day,  and 
fire  was  on  it  by  night,  in  the  sight  of  all  the  house  of  Israel,  through- 
out all  their  journeys. 

Section  XXJ. — Laws  concerning  SacrificesS^^ 
Lev.  i.  to  vii. 
77k;  burnt  offerings.     3  Of  the  herd,  10  of  the  focks,  14  0/  the  fowls.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  The  meat  offer- 
ing of  flour  icith  oil  atul  incense,  4  eitlier  taken  in  the  oven,  5  or  on  a  plate,  7  or  in  afryingpan, 
12  or  of  the  frstfruits  in  the  ear.     13  Tlie  salt  of  tlie  meat  offering.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  Tlie  peace 
offering  of  the  herd,  6  of  tlie  flock,   7  either  a  lamb,  12  or  a  goat.  —  Chap.  iv.  1  The  sin  offering 

ofitrnorance,  3  for  the  priest,  13  for  the  congregation,  22  for  the  ruler,  "21  for  any  of  the  people. 

—  Chap.  V.  1  He  that  sinneth  in  concealing  his  knowledge,  2  in  touching  an  unclean  thing,  4  or 
in  nuiking  an  oath.  6  His  trespass  off'ering,  of  the  flock,  7  of  fowls ,  11  or  of  flour.  14  The 
trespass  offering  in  sacrilege,  17  a?id  in  sins  of  ignorance.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  The  trespass  offering 
for  sins  done  wittingly.  8  The  law  of  the  burnt  off'ering,  14  ajid  of  the  meal  off'eririg.  19  The 
offering  at  the  consecration  of  a  priest.  24  The  law  of  tlie  sin  offering.  —  Chap.  \ii.  1  The  law 
of  tlie  ti-espass  offering,  11  find  of  the  peace  offerings,  12  whether  it  be  for  a  thanksgiving,  16  or 
a  vow,  or  a  freewill  offering.  22  The  fat,  26  and  the  blood,  are  forbidden.  28  Tlie  priests'  por- 
tion in  tlie  peace  offerings. 

°^x'4o"34  35         ^  ^'^^^  ^^^  Lord  "called  unto  Moses,  and  spake  unto  him  'out  of  the 

Nu.'i2.'4,5.  '    tabernacle  of  the   congregation,  saying,  ~ "  Speak   unto  the    children 

c  Le.  22. 18, 19.    of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  'If  any  man  of  you  bring  an  offering  unto 

the  Lord,  ye  shall  bring  your  offering  of  the  cattle,  even  of  the  herd, 

and  of  the  fiock. 

2  "  If  his  offering  be  a  burnt  sacrifice  of  the  herd,  let  him  offer  a  male 
'^3^1'  &'J"  20  ■  ''^vithout  blemish  ;  he  shall  offer  it  of  his  own  voluntary  will  at  the  door 
21.  be.  15.21!  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  before  the  Lord.  ^  And  'he  shall 
s!*?.  nef'9^14.'  put  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  the  burnt  offering ;  -^and  it  shall  be  ac- 
cepted for  him  °to  make  atonement  for  him.  ^  And  he  shall  kill  ''the 


SECT, 

XXI. 

A. 

,  M. 

2514. 

B. 

C. 

1490. 

Hales 

,1647. 

Sinai. 

1  Pe.  1. 19. 


15.  &  3, 


rino; 


j  Le.  3.  8.  He.  12 
24.  1  Pe.  I.  2. 


2, 8, 13.  &  8. 14,  bullock  before  the  Lord  ;  'and  the  priests,  Aaron's  sons,   shall  b 
Ex.'29!%!\'5,     the  blood,  ^and  sprinkle  the  blood  round  about  upon  the  altar  that  is 
^^-  by  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  ^  And  he  shall  fiay 

^u^Ti^^RoJia.  the  burnt  offering,  and  cut  it  into  his  pieces.  "  And  the  sons  of  Aaron 
1.  Phil.  4. 18.      ti     priest  shall  put  fire  upon  the  altar,  and  lay  the  wood  in  order  upon 

/r  Le.  4.  20, 96,  ,        !.  w    4       .      1  •  4  ?  I      n   1  ..i  .        ..1         1  J 

31,35.  &  9. 7.  the  fire.  *^  And  the  priests,  Aaron  s  sons,  shall  lay  the  parts,  the  Jiead, 
f5.'a5.~2Ch."29.  and  the  fat,  in  order  upon  the  wood  that  is  on  the  fire  which  is  upon 
/.IkUcVe  ^^^  the  altar.  ''But  his  inwards  and  his  legs  shall  he  wash  in  water  ;  and 
t'2Ch.35. 11.  the  priest  shall  burn  all  on  the  altar,  to  be  a  burnt  sacrifice,  an  offering 
He.  10. 11.         niade  by  fire,  of  *a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord. 

1**  "  And  if  his  offering  be  of  the   flocks,  namely,  of  the  sheep,  or 
feSeeGe.8.2].     q|-  ^j^g  goats,  for  a  bumt   sacrifice  ;  he   shall  bring  it  a  male  without 
blemish,  i'  And  he  shall  kill  it  on   the  side   of  the   altar   northward 

(2*)  It  will  be  impossible  iii  these  brief  and  cursory  master  to  brin^  the  Israelites  to  Christ ;  the  middle 

notes,  to  point  out  tlie  peculiar  object  of  each  en-  wall  of  partition  to  the  Jews  and  Gentiles,  which, 

actment  of  the  Law  of  Moses.     It  must  be  sufficient  St.  Paul  tells  us,  the  JNIessiah  was  to  break  down. 

to  remark,  that  each  was  intended,  either  to  incul-  The  Law  of  Moses  was  the  standing  evidence  of  the 

cate  the  necessity  of  personal  purity  and  holiness  truth  of  prophecy,  of  the  providence  of  God,  and 

— to  typify  the  future  great  sacrifice  of  Christ— to  of  the   harmony  of  the    divine   dispensations  ;  for 

declare  the  absolute  necessity  of  a  vicarious  atone-  nothing  was  taught  in  the  Gospel   which  had  not 

ment  for  sin — or  to  defend  the  people  against  the  previously  been  mculcated  by  the  Law.--Vide  The 

surrounding  idolatry,  by  conapolling  them  to  vene-  Faith  of  the  anricTit  Jeirs,  by  the  Rev.  Julius  Bate; 

rate  those  things  which  the  idolators  hated,  or  to  Lowman  On  the  Hcbrcic  Ritual  ;  the  Epistle  to  the 

detest  those  which  the  idolators  adored.     The  laws  Hebrews  ;  the  various  commentators  on  the  Leviti- 

of  Moses  taught  the  doctrine  of  a  future  state,  and  cal  Law  ;  Dr.  Young's  Religion  designed  to  prevent 

of  admission  into  a  spiritual  Eden,  by  means  of  the  Superstition,  an  admirable  though  neglected  work, 
blood  of  the  true  Paschal  Lamb.     It  was  the  school- 


Part  VIIL]  LAWS  CONCERNING  SACRIFICES.  185 

before  the  Lord  ;  and  the  priests,  Aaron's  sons,  shall  sprinkle  his 
blood  round  about  upon  the  altar.  '^  And  he  shall  cut  it  into  his 
pieces,  with  his  head  and  his  fat  ;  and  the  priest  shall  lay  them  in 
order  on  the  wood  that  is  on  the  fire  which  is  upon  the  altar.  ^^  But 
he  shall  wash  the  inwards  and  the  legs  with  water ;  and  the  priest 
shall  bring  it  all,  and  burn  it  upon  the  altar  :  it  is  a  burnt  sacrifice, 
an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord. 

^'^ "  And  if  the  burnt  sacrifice  for  his  oftering  to  the   Lord  be  of 

2  Le. 5. 7.  &  12. 8.  fowls,  thcu   hc  shall   bring   his  offering  of  'turtledoves,  or   of  young 

*OT,pincilofftjie  pigeons.  ^^And  the  priest  shall  bring  it  unto  the  altar,  and  *  wring  off 

headwithvienaii.  j^jg  j^g^d,  and  bum  it  on  the  altar ;  and  the  blood  thereof  shall  be 
wrung  out  at  the  side  of  the  altar.  ^^  And  he  shall  pluck  away  his 

^oi,theMik  crop  with  this  feathers,  and  cast  it  beside  the  altar  on  the  east  part, 
10.'^        'by  the  place  of  the  ashes.  ^''  And  he  shall  cleave  it  with  the  wings 

m See Ge.  15. 10.  thereof,  '"but  shall  not  divide  it  asunder:  and  the  priest  shall  burn  it 
upon  the  altar,  upon  the  wood  that  is  upon  the  fire  :  it  is  a  burnt 
sacrifice,  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord. 

n  Le.  6. 14.  &  9.        1 ''  And  whcu  any  will  offer  "a  meat  oftering  unto  the  Lord,       Lev.  ii. 
his  oftering  shall  be  of  fine  flour  ;  and  he  shall  pour  oil  upon  it, 
and  put  frankincense  thereon.  ^  And  he  shall  bring  it  to  Aaron's  sons 
the  priests  ;  and  he  shall  take  thereout  his  handful  of  the  flour  thereof, 
and  of  the  oil   thereof,  with   all   the  frankincense  thereof;  and  the 

oLe.  5. 12.  &  6.  priest  shall  burn  "the  memorial  of  it' upon  the  altar,  to  be  an  offering 
66;3^Ecol'45.'  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord.  ^  And  ^the  remnant 
Le^T^o'Vio  ^^  ^'^^  meat  offering  shall  be  Aaron's  and  his  sons';  'it  is  a  thing 
i2,'i3;ecci  7.'    most  holy  of  the  offerings  of  the  Lord  made  by  fire. 

fl  Ex.  29. 37.  Nu.  '^ "  A"<^  ^^  ^hou  bring  an  oblation  of  a  meat  offering  baken  in  the 
1^-  9-  oven,  it  shall  be  unleavened  cakes   of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil,  or 

rE.\.29.2.         unleavened  wafers  '^anointed  with  oil. 

XOr,onafiat  5a  ^j^^j  jf  ^j^y  oblatiou  bc  a  meat  offering  baken  lin  a  pan,  it  shall 

y  a««,  or,  4  (cf .  j^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  unlcavencd,  mingled  with  oil.  ^  Thou  shalt  part  it  in 
pieces,  and  pour  oil  thereon  :  it  is  a  meat  offering. 

'' "  And  if  thy  oblation  be  a  meat  oftering  baken  in  the  fryingpan, 
it  shall  be  made  of  fine  flour  with  oil.  "^  And  thou  shalt  bring  the 
meat  offering  that  is  made  of  these  things  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  when 
it  is  presented  unto  the  priest,  he  shall  bring  it  unto  the  altar.  ^  And 
the  priest  shall  take  from  the  meat  offering  a  memorial  thereof,  and 

sEx.  29. 18.  shall  burn  it  upon  the  altar  :  it  is  an  ^offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet 
savour  unto  the  Lord.  '^^  And  that  which  is  left  of  the  meat  offering 
shall  be  Aaron's  and  his  sons' :  it  is  a  thing  most  holy  of  the  ofler- 
ings  of  the  Lord  made  by  fire.  ^^  No  meat  oftering,  which  ye  shall 

tLe.  6. 17.  See  bring  uuto  the  Lord,  shall  be  made  with  'leaven;  for  ye  shaft  burn 
8.^15.  Lu.  12.  I.  no  leaven,  nor  any  honey,  in  any  oftering  of  the  Lord  made  by  fire. 
^co.5.8.Ga..5.       12  u  ^g  "^qj.  ^^j^g  oblatiou  of  the   firstfruits,  ye  shall  offer  them   unto 

«^Ex.  22.29.  Le.  the  LoRD  ;  but  they  shall  not  *be  burnt  on  the  altar  for  a  sweet 
savour.  ^^And  every  oblation  of  thy  meat  offering  "shalt  thou  season 
with  salt ;  neither  shalt  thou  suffer  "the  salt  of  the  covenant  of  thy 
God  to  be  lacking  from  thy  meat  offering :  ''with  all  thine  offerings 
thou  shalt  offer  salt. 

^■^ "  And  if   thou   offer   a  meat   oftering  of  thy   firstfruits  unto  the 

2/ Le.  23. 10, 14.    LoRD,  ^thou  shalt  offcr  for  the  meat  oftering  of  thy  firstfruits  green 

z2Ki.  4. 42.  ears  of  corn  dried  by  the  fire,  even  corn  beaten  out  of  ""full  ears. 
^^  And  thou  shalt  put  oil  upon  it,  and  lay  frankincense  thereon  :  it  is 
a  meat  offering.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  burn  the  memorial  of  it,  part 
of  the  beaten  corn  thereof,  and  part  of  the  oil  thereof,  with  all  the 
frankincense  thereof:   it  is  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord. 

"22?'2i:^'' "''■*'       ^  "And  if  his  oblation  be  "a  sacrifice  of  peace  offering,  if      Lev.  hi. 
VOL.  I.  24  *p 


2:5.  10, 
*  Heb.  ascend. 
V  Ma.  9.  49.  Col. 

4.  6. 
wNii.  18.  19. 

2  Ch.  13.  5. 
X  Ez.  43.  24. 


186  LAWS  CONCERNING  SACRIFICES.  [Period  IH. 

he  offer  it  of  the   herd  ;    whether  it   be  a  male  or  female,  he  shall 
jLe.  1.3.  offer  it  'without  blemish  before  the  Lokd.  -  And  'he  shall  lay  his  hand 

cLe.  1.4,5.        upon  the  head  of  his  offering,  and  kill  it  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle 
of  the  congregation  ;  and  Aaron's  sons  the  priests  shall  sprinkle  the 
blood  upon  the  altar  round  about.  ^  And  he  shall  offer  of  the  sacri- 
fice of  the  peace  offering  an  offering  made   by  fire  unto   the  Lord  ; 
^a''^"  Le^4  ?■  *^^  ^^^*-  ^^^^^  covereth  the  inwards,  and  all  the  fat   that  is  upon   the 
9.'    ■   ^'  ■  '  inwards.  *  And  the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat  that  is   on   them,  which 
^S^iiv^^'afid^  *^  ^y  the  flanks,  and  the  Icaul   above  the  liver,  with   the   kidneys,  it 
Vie  kidneys.        shall  hc  take  away.  ^  And  Aaron's  sons  ''shall  burn  it  on   the   altar 
d  Le.  6. 1-3.         yp^j^  ^^^  burnt  sacrifice,  which  is  upon  the  wood  that  is  on  the  fire  : 
it  is  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord. 

^  "  And  if  his  offering  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offering  unto  the 
Lord  be  of  the  flock  ;  male  or  female,  he  shall  ofter  it  without  blem- 
ish. '^  If  he  offer  a  lamb  for  his  offering,  then  shall  he  offer  it  before 
the  Lord.  ^  x\nd  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  his  offering, 
and  kill  it  before  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  and  Aaron's 
sons  shall  sprinkle  the  blood  thereof  round  about  upon  the  altar. 
^  And  he  shall  offer  of  the  sacrifice  of  the  peace  offering  an  offering 
made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  ;  the  fat  thereof,  and  the  whole  rump,  it 
shall  he  take  off  hard  by  the  backbone  ;  and  the  fat  that  covereth  the 
inwards,  and  all  the  fat  that  is  upon  the  inwards,  ^"and  the  two  kid- 
neys, and  the  fat  that  is  upon  them,  which  is  by  the  flanks,  and  the 
caul  above  the  liver,  with  the  kidneys,  it  shall  he  take  away.  ^^  And 
'n^af  29^^22'  ^'^®  priest  shall  burn  it  upon  the  altar :  it  is  'the  food  of  the  offering 
as!  Ez.  44.7.    "  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord. 


Mai.  1.  7, 12. 


12  << 


And  if  his  offering  be  a  goat,  then  he  shall  offer  it  before  the 
Lord.  ^^  And  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  it,  and  kill  it  be- 
fore the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  and  the  sons  of  Aaron  shall 
sprinkle  the  blood  thereof  upon  the  altar  round  about.  ^^  And  he  shall 
offer  thereof  his  offering,  even  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  ; 
tlie  fat  that  covereth  the  inwards,  and  all  the  fat  that  is  upon  the  in- 
wards, i^and  the  two  kidneys,  and  the  fat  that  is  upon  them,  which  is 
by  the  flanks,  and  the  caul  above  the  liver,  with  the  kidneys,  it  shall 
he  take  away.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  burn  them  upon  the  altar :  it  is 
/Le.7.23,25.     the  food  of  the  offering  made  by  fire  for  a  sweet  savour;  -^all  the  fat 
isa.2.i5.2Ch.  .^  ^1^^  Lord's.  ^"  It  'shall  be  a  perpetual  statute  for  your  generations 
^36\V®7*&'"  throughout  all  your  dwellings,  Hhat  ye  eat  neither  fat  "nor  blood." 
23*.  14.  ■  ■  1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses, saying,  -•'  Speak  unto  the  Lev.  iv. 

\vithD;"32.T4!  children  of  Israel,  saying.  If  ^a  soul  shall  sin  through  ignorance 
Ne.  8. 10.  ■    ■  aeainst  any  of  the  commandments  of  the  Lord  concerning  things  which 
j  he  Titii      ought  not  to  be  done,  and  sliall  do  against  any  of  them  :  ^  if  Hhe  priest 
Nu^i5.^^^&c.  that  is  anointed  do  sin  according  to  the  sin  of  the  people:  then   let 
lo^'i's!''' ^^"  ^''  him  bring  for  his  sin,  which  he  hath  sinned,  'a  young  bullock  without 
tLe.8.12.         blemish  unto  the  Lord  for  a  sin  offering.  ''And  he  shall  bring  the 
L^!o.\^3, 4.       bullock  "'unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  before 
the  Lord  ;  and  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  bullock's  head,  and  kill  the 
nLe.16.14.  Xu.  bullock  bcforc  thc  LoRD.  ^  And  the  priest  that  is  anointed  "shall  take 
■  ■  of  the  bullock's  blood,  and  bring  it  to  the  tabernacle  of  the  congrega- 

tion ;  '^  and  the  priest  shall  dip  his  finger  in  the  blood,  and  sprinkle  of 
the  blood  seven  times  before  the  Lord,  before  the  veil  of  the  sanctu- 
oLe.s.  15.  &  9.  ary.  "^  And  the  priest  "shall  put  some  of  the  blood  upon  the  horns   of 
9. 4.  lb.  18.        ^1^^  ^^^^^  ^^  s^veet  incense  before  the  Lord,  which  is  in  thc  tabernacle 
p  Le.  5. 9.  of  the  conirregation  ;  and  shall  pour  ''all  the  blood  of  the  bullock  at 

the  bottom  of  thc  altar  of  the  burnt  oflering,  which  is  at  the  door  of 
the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  ^  And  he  shall  take  ofl'  from  it  all 
the  fat  of  the  bullock  for"^  the  sin  offering ;  the  fat  that  covereth  the 


Part  VUI.]  LAWS   CONCERNING   SACRIFICES.  187 

inwards,  and  all  the  fat  that  is  upon  the  inwards.  ^  And  the  two  kid- 
neys, and  the  fat  that  is  upon  them,  which  is  by  the   flanks,  and   the 

q  Le.  3. 3-5.  caul  above  the  liver,  with  the  kidneys,  it  shall  he  take  away,  ^°  as  'it 
was  taken  off  from  the  bullock  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings  ;  and 
the  priest  shall  burn  them  upon  the  altar  of  the  burnt  offering.     ^^  And 

'^^.'^'  ^'^'  ^"'  '^the  skin  of  the  bullock,  and  all  his  flesh,  with  his  head,  and  with  his 

legs,  and  his  inwards,  and  his  dung,  ^^  even  the  whole  bullock  shall 

he  carry  forth  *without  the  camp  unto  a  clean  place,  'where  the  ashes  are 

Le.  6. 11.         poured  out,  'and  burn  him  on  the  wood  with  fire  :  twhere  the  ashes  are 

t  Heb.  13. 11.       poured  out  shall  he  be  burnt. 

ingoutofthe  '■'     And    II   the  whole  congregation  ol  Israel  sm  through  ignorance, 

«  Nu.  15.  24. 
7.  11. 


*  Heb.  to  without 
the  camp. 


V  Le.  5.  2, 3, 
17. 


and  the  thing  be  hid  from  the  eyes  of  the  assembly,  and  they  have 
done  somewhat  against  any  of  the  commandments  of  the  Lord  con- 
cerning things  which  should  not  be  done,  and  are  guilty  ;  ^^when  the 
sin,  which  they  have  sinned  against  it,  is  known,  then  the  congregation 
shall  offer  a  young  bullock  for  the  sin,  and  bring  him  before  the  tab- 
ernacle of  the  congregation.  ^^And  the  elders  of  the  congregation 
wue.  i.-i.  ""shall  lay  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  bullock  before  the  Lord  ; 

zHe.  9. 12-14.     and  the  bullock  shall  be  killed  before  the  Lord.  ^^  And  ""the  priest  that 
is  anointed  shall  bring  of  the  bullock's  blood  to  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation  ;  ^^  and  the  priest  shall  dip  his  finger  in  some    of   the 
blood,  and  sprinkle  it  seven  times  before  the  Lord,  eveii  before  the  veil. 
^^  And  he  shall  put  some  of  the  blood  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  which 
is  before  the  Lord,  that  is  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and 
shall  pour  out  all  the  blood  at  the  bottom  of  the  altar  of  the  burnt  of- 
fering, which  is  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation. 
^^  And  he  shall  take  all  his  fat  from  him,  and  burn  it  upon  the  altar. 
2"  And  he  shall  do  with  the  bullock  as  he  did  with  the  bullock  for  a  sin 
j/Nu.  15.25.  Da.  offering,  so  shall  he  do  with  this:  "and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atone- 
He. 2.  i7°.&  lo!  ment  for  them,  and  it  shall  be  forgiven  them.  ^^  And  he  shall  carry  forth 
7?&W°''"  ^'  the  bullock  without  the  camp,  and  burn  him  as  he  burned  the  first 
bullock :  it  is  a  sin  offering  for  the  congregation. 

22  u  "Wi^ej^  a,  ruler  hath  sinned,  and  done  somewhat  through  igno- 
rance against  any  of  the  commandments  of  the  Lord  his  God  con- 
cerning things  which  should  not  be  done,  and  is  guilty  ;  ^3  or  if  his  sin, 
wherein  he  hath  sinned,  come  to  his  knowledge ;  he  shall  bring  his 
offering,  a  kid  of  the  goats,  a  male  without  blemish.  -**  And  he  shall 
lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of  the  goat,  and  kill  it  in  the  place  where 
they  kill  the  burnt  offering  before  the  Lord  :  it  is  a  sin  offering.  ^^  And 
the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the  sin  offering  with  his  finger, 
and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  of  burnt  offering,  and  shall  pour 
out  his  blood  at  the  bottom  of  the  altar  of  burnt  offering.  ^^  And  he 
zLe.  3.  5.  shall  burn  all  his  fat  upon  the  altar,  as   'the  fat  of  the  sacrifice  of 

oNu.15.28.        peace  offerings  ;  ''and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement  for  him  as 

concerning  his  sin,  and  it  shall  be  forgiven  him. 
iHeb^L^w         ^^  "  And 'if  tany  one  of  the  *common  people  sin  through  ignorance, 
*  Heb.  people  of    whilc  he  docth  somewhat  against  any  of  the  commandments  of  the  Lord 
the  land.  conccming  things  which  ought  not  to  be  done,  and  be  guilty  ;  ^^  or  if  his 

sin,  which  he  hath  sinned,  come  to  his  knowledge  :  then  he  shall  bring 
his  offering,  a  kid  of  the  goats,  a  female  without  blemish,  for  his  sin 
which  he  hath  sinned.  ^^  And  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of 
the  sin  offering,  and  slay  the  sin  offering  in  the  place  of  the  burnt  offer- 
ing. ^^  And  the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  thereof  with  his  finger,  and 
put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  of  burnt  offering,  and  shall  pour 
c  Le.  3. 14.  out  all  the  blood  thereof  at  the  bottom  of  the  altar.  ^^  And  'he  shall 
dLe.3.3.  tjji^g  away  all  the  fat  thereof,  ''as  the  fat  is  taken  away  from  off  the 

sacrifice  of  peace  offerings  ;  and  the  priest  shall  burn  it  upon  the  altar 


188  LAWS   CONCERNING   SACRIFICES.  [Period  III. 

« Ex.  29. 18.  Le.  for  'a  swect  savour  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atone- 
ment for  him,  and  it  shall  be  forgiven  him. 

2^  "  And  if  he  bring  a  lamb  for  a  sin  offering,  he  shall  bring  it  a  fe- 
male without  blemish.  ^^  And  he  shall  lay  his  hand  upon  the  head  of 
the  sin  offering,  and  slay  it  for  a  sin  offering  in  the  place  where  they 
kill  the  burnt  offering.  ^*  And  the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the 
sin  offering  with  his  finger,  and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar  of 
burnt  offering,  and  shall  pour  out  all  the  blood  thereof  at  the  bottom 
of  the  altar.  ^-^  And  he  shall  take  away  all  the  fat  thereof,  as  the  fat 
of  the  lamb  is  taken  away  from  the  sacrifice  of  the  peace  offerings ; 

/  Le.  3. 5.  and  the  priest  shall  burn  them  upon  the  altar,  -^according  to  the  ofTer- 

ings  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atone- 
ment for  his  sin  that  he  hath  committed,  and  it  shall   be  forgiven  him. 

e,]  K^i- J-  31-  ^  "  And  if  a  soul  sin,  'and  hear  the  voice  of  swearing,  and        t  ^^  „ 

Mat.  26.  63.  .  .  i  i  i  i  i  i  c     •  ■  rt'  ^  i-"EV.  V. 

IS  a  witness,  whether  he  hath  seen  or  known  of  it ;  it  he  do 

A  Le.  7. 18. &1-.  not  uttcr  it,  then  he  shall  ''bear  his  iniquity.  ^Or'if  a  soul  touch  any 

2o'.  i7.Nu.'9.i3.  unclean  thing,  whether  it  be  a  carcass  of  an  unclean   beast,  or  a  car- 

*3i^'39!xu.'  ^.'    cass  of  unclean  cattle,  or  the  carcass  of  unclean  creeping  things,  and  if  it 

ii' 13, 16.         be  hidden  from  him  ;  he  also  shall  be  unclean,  and  guilty.  ^  Or  if  he 

^k^xf''^  ''"'■    touch  ■'the  uncleanness  of  man,  whatsoever  uncleanness  it  be  that  a  man 

shall  be  defiled  withal,  and  it  be  hid  from  him  ;  when  he  knoweth  of 

it,  then  he  shall  be  guilty.  '*  Or  if  a  soul  swear,  pronouncing  with  his  lips 
'Ir^^ib^'^'  *^°  *^*^  ^^'^^'  ^^  '^°  ^^  good,  whatsoever  it  be  that  a  man  shall  pronounce 
jSeeMa.  6. 23.    with  au  oath,  and  it  be  hid  from  him  ;  when  he  knoweth  of  it,  then  he 

shall  be  guilty  in  one  of  these.  ^  And  it  shall  be,  when  he  shall  be  guilty 
»»  Le- 16. 21.  &    in  one  of  these  things,  that  he  shall  "confess  that  he  hath  sinned  in  that 

26  40   \u    5.  7.  o    ' 

Ezra  id.  li,  12.*  thing.  6  And  he  shall  bring  his  trespass  offering  unto  the  Lord  for  his 
sin  which  he  hath  sinned,  a  female  from  the  flock,  a  lamb  or  a  kid  of 
the  goats,  for  a  sin  offering ;  and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement 
for  him  concerning  his  sin. 

t  Heb.hu  hand         7  "  And  if  the  be  not  able  to  bring  a  lamb,  then  he  shall  bring  for  his 

caunot  reach  to  i  •    i      i  i        i  •  i  n  i      i 

the  sufficiency  of  trcspass,  which  hc   hath   committed,  two    turtledoves,  or  two  young 

s.'&'h.^i'.    '    pigeons,  unto  the  Lord:  one  for  a  sin  offering,  and   the  other  for  a 

nLe.  1. 14.         bumt  offering.  ^  And  he  shall  bring  them  unto  the   priest,  who  shall 

0  Le.  1. 15.  offer  that  which  is  for  the   sin   offering  first,  and  "wring  off"  his  head 

from  his  neck,  but  shall  not  divide  it  asunder.  ^And  he  shall  sprinkle 

i.j,e. 4. 7, 18,30,  of  the  blood  of  the  sin  offering  upon  the  side  of  the  altar:  and  ''the 
rest  of  the  blood  shall  be  wrung  out  at  the  bottom  of  the  altar :  it  is 
a  sin  offering.  ^^  And  he  shall  offer  the  second  for  a  burnt  offering, 

j^or,  ordinance,  accordiug  to  the  tmanucr  ;  'and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement  for 
him  for  his  sin  which  he  hath  sinned,  and  it  shall  be  forgiven  him. 

^^  •' But  if  he  be  not  able  to  bring  two  turtledoves,  or  two  young 
pigeons,  then  he  that  sinned  shall  bring  for  his  offering  the  tenth  part 

rXu.  5. 15.  of  an  ephah  of  fine  flour  for  a  sin  oflTering  :  ''he  shall  put  no  oil  upon 
it,  neither  shall  he  put  any  frankincense  thereon  :  for  it  is  a  sin  offering. 
^-  Then  shall  he  bring  it  to  the   priest,  and  the   priest  shall  take  his 

sLe.  2.2.  handful  of  it,  "even  a  memorial  thereof,  and   burn  it  on   the  altar,  'ac- 

cording to  the  offerings  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  :    it  is  a  sin  of- 

uLe.  4. 26.  fcring.     1^  And  "the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement  for  him  as  touch- 

ing his  sin  that  he  hath  sinned  in  one  of  these,  and  it  shall  be  forgiven 

cLe.2.  3.  j^jj^i .  j^j^j^}  "jj^g  remnant  shall  be  the  priest's,  as  a  meat  offering." 

IT  Le.  22. 14.  14  \„(j  ^j^g  LoRD  spakc  unto  Moses,  saying,  '^  "  If  ''a  soul  commit  a 

trespass,  and  sin  through  ignorance,  in  the  holy  things  of  the  Lord  ; 

X  Ezra  10. 19.  then  'hc  shall  bring  for  his  trespass  unto  the  Lord  a  ram  without 
blemish  out  of  the  flocks,  with  thy  estimation  by  shekels  of  silver,  after 

'-'J^^P''• '^' ^^'  "the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary,  for  a  trespass  offering.  ^''And  he  shnll 
make  ainends  for  the   harm  that  he  hatli  done  in  the  holv  thinof,  and 


34. 


Le.  I.  14. 
g  Le.  4. 36, 


27.  25. 


Part  VIIL]  LAWS   CONCERNING   SACRIFICES.  189 

iLe.  6.5.  &22.    ^glmll  add  the  fifth  part  thereto,  and  give  it  unto  the  priest;  "and  the 
■27,  ^i.^Nu.^^?:  priest  shall  make  an  atonement  for  him  with  the  ram  of  the  trespass 


14.  &  27.  13,  15 

a  Le.  4. 26.         offering,  and  it  shall  be  forgiven  him. 
*  Le-  4-  2.  17  u  ^„d  if  ia  soul  sin,  and  commit  any  of  these  things  vi^hich  are  for- 

':Jf^e.^4. 2, 13^22,  bidden  to  be  done  by  the  commandments  of  the  Lord;  'though  he 
"lu.^12.  48.^~"  wist  it  not,  yet  is  he  guilty,  and  shall  bear  his  iniquity.  ^^  And  he  shall 
bring  a  ram  without  blemish  out  of  the  flock,  with  thy  estimation,  for 
a  trespass  offering,  unto  the  priest ;  and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atone- 
ment for  him  concerning  his  ignorance  wherein  he  erred  and  wist  it 
d Ezra  10. 2.  not,  aud  it  shall  be  forgiven  him.  ^^ It  is  a  trespass  offering:  "'he  hath 
certainly  trespassed  against  the  Lord." 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  If  a  soul  sin,       Lev.  vi. 

eNu.5.6.  and  'commit  a  trespass  against  the  Lord,  and  ^lie  unto  his 

^tX^co\!l:t'  neighbour  in  that  ^which  was  delivered  him  to  keep,  or  in  *fellowship, 

g-  Ex.  22. 7, 10.     or  in  a  thing  taken  away  by  violence,  or  hath  Meceived  his  neighbour ; 

*Heb  p«tS^>  ^  or  'have  found  that  which  was  lost,  and  lieth  concerning  it,  and  ^swear- 

the  hand.  eth  falscly  ;  in  any  of  all  these  that  a  man  doeth,  sinning  therein  :  *  then 

APr.24.28.&26.  .^  ^^^^^  ^^^  bccausc  he  hath  sinned,  and  is  guilty,  that  he  shall  restore 

iDe.22. 1-3.       that  which  he  took  violently  away,  or  the  thing  which  he  hath  deceit- 

^^?]f  jllV^g'.    fully  gotten,  or  that  which  was  delivered  him  to  keep,  or  the  lost  thing 

^''"  ^-  "•  which  he  found,  ^  or  all  that  about  which  he  hath  sworn  falsely  ;  he 

k  Le.  5. 16. 2  sa.  shall  cvcu  "^restore  it  in  the  principal,  and  shall  add  the  fifth  part  more 

t  o'rX^tAedio/  thereto,  and  give  it  unto  him  to  whom  it  appertaineth,  tin  the  day  of 

gtiitt''^Heb.'^m  his  trespass  offering.  '^  And  he  shall  bring  his  trespass  offering  unto  the 

the  day  of  his  Ir^-  LoRD,  'a  ram  without  blemish   out  of  the   flock,  with  thy  estimation, 

/Lr5. 15.  for  a  trespass  offering,  unto  the  priest :  ^  and  ™the  priest  shall  make  an 

m  Le.  4. 26.        atoucment  for  him  before  the  Lord  ;  and  it  shall  be  forgiven  him  for 

any  thing  of  all  that  he  hath  done  in  trespassing  therein." 

^And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  9"  Command  Aaron  and 
his  sons,  saying.  This  is  the  law  of  the  burnt  offering.     It  is  the  burnt 
t  Or jor  theimrn-  offering  tbccausc  of  the  burning  upon  the  altar  all  night  unto  the  morn- 
»  Le.  16. 4.  Ex.    ing,  and  the  fire  of  the  altar  shall  be  burning  in  it.  i«  And  "the  priest 
Ez^il^ii^ls^'  shall  put  on  his  linen  garment,  and  his  linen  breeches  shall  he  put 
upon  his  flesh,  and  take  up  the  ashes  which  the  fire  hath  consumed 
0  Le.  1. 16.          with  the  burnt  offering  on  the  altar,  and  he  shall  put  them  "beside  the 
P  Ez.  44. 19.        altar.  ^^  And  ^he  shallput  off  his  garments,  and  put  on  other  garments, 
q  Le.  4. 12.         and  carry  forth  the  ashes  without  the  camp  'unto  a  clean  place.  ^^  And 
the  fire  upon  the  altar  shall  be  burning  in  it ;  it  shall  not  be  put  out : 
and  the  priest  shall  burn  wood  on  it  every  morning,  and  lay  the  burnt 
r Le. 3. 3, 9, 14.    offering  in  order  upon  it;  and  he  shall  burn  thereon  '"the  fat  of  the 
peace  offerings.  ^^  The  fire  shall  ever  be  burning  upon  the  altar ;  it 
shall  never  go  out. 
*Le.9.L  14a  And  'this  is  tlic  law  of  the  meat  offering:  the   sons   of  Aaron 

shall  offer  it  before  the  Lord,  before  the  altar.  ^^  And  he  shall  take  of 
it  his  handful,  of  the  flour  of  the  meat  offering,  and  of  the  oil  thereof, 
and  all  the  frankincense  which  is  upon  the  meat  offering,  and  shall 
burn  it  upon  the  altar  for  a  sweet  savour,  even  'the  memorial  of  it, 
unto  the  Lord.  i*^And  "the  remainder  thereof  shall  Aaron  and  his 
sons  eat ;  "with  unleavened  bread  shall  it  be  eaten  in  the  holy  place ; 
in  the  court  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  they  shall  eat  it. 
1^  It  "shall  not  be  baken  with  leaven.  ''I  have  given  it  unto  them  for  their 
portion  of  my  ofterings  made  by  fire,  ''it  is  most  holy,  as  is  the  sin 
offering,  and  as  the  trespass  offering.  ^^  All  'the  males  among  the  chil- 
dren of  Aaron  shall  eat  of  it.  "It  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  in  your 
generations  concerning  the  offerings  of  the  Lord  made  by  fire  :  'every 
one  that  toucheth  them  shall  be  holy." 

19  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  This  'is  the  offering 


«Le. 

2.  2,  9. 

wLe. 

.  2.  3.  Ez. 

44.  29. 

vL,e. 

,  10.  12,  13. 

w  Le 

.2.11. 

iNu 

.  18.  9,  10. 

j/Le. 

a.  3.  &  7. 

Ex. 

29.  37. 

--Nu 

.  18.  10. 

a  Le 

.  3.  17. 

fcLe. 

.  22. 3-7. 

k  Ex.  29. 
30.  29. 


190  LAWS   CONCERNING   SACRIFICES.  [Period  III. 

of  Aaron   and   of  his  sons,  which  they  shall  offer  unto  the  Lord  in 

dEx.  i«.  36.       the   day   when   he  is   anointed;  the  tenth  part  of  an  ''ephah  of  fine 

flour  for  a  meat  offering   perpetual,  half  of  it  in   the   morning,  and 

half  thereof  at  night.  -^  In  a  pan  it  shall  be  made  with  oil,  and  when 

it  is  baken,  thou  shalt  bring  it  in  ;  and  the  baken  pieces  of  the  meat 

offering  shalt  thou  offer  for  a   sweet  savour  unto  the   Lord.  -^  And 

eLe.  4. 3.  the  priest  of  his  sons  'that  is  anointed  in  his  stead  shall  offer  it,  (it  is 

/Ex.  29. 25.        a  statute  for  ever  unto  the  Lord  ;)  ^it  shall  be  wholly  burnt.  -^  For  every 

meat  offering  for  the  priest  shall  be  wholly  burnt ;  it  shall  not  be  eaten." 

-^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Speak  unto  Aaron 

gL.c.4.2.  and  to  his  sons,  saying,  This  °is  the  law  of  the   sin  offering.  '"In  the 

''^il'if-Jj^]'  place   where   the    burnt    offering  is   killed   shall   the   sin  offering  be 

tLe.21.22.        killed  before  the  Lord;  "it  is  most  holy.  ^"^  The  •'priest  that  offereth 

■'n^;  i8.'9^jo^"    ^^  ^^^  ^'"  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^  '■>  ^"  ^'^®  l^oly  place  shall  it  be  eaten,  in  the  court 

Ez. 44. 2i, 29.     of  the  tabcmacle  of  the  congregation.  ^"Whatsoever  ''shall  touch  the 

flesh  thereof  shall  be  holy  ;  and  when  there  is  sprinkled  of  the  blood 

thereof  upon   any   garment,   thou   shalt   wash   that   whereon    it  was 

sprinkled  in  the  holy  place.  -^  But  the  earthen  vessel  wherein   it  is 

^i5'i2'  ^'^     sodden  'shall  be  broken  ;  and  if  it  be  sodden  in  a  brazen  pot,  it  shall 

mNu.  18. 10.       be  both  scoured,  and  rinsed   in  water.  -^  All  "the   males  among  the 

nLe. 4. 7, 11,12,  priests  shall  eat    thereof:  it   is  most    holy.    ^'^  And  "no  sin  offering, 

&.'i6.27.He'.i3;  whcrcof  any  of  the  blood  is  brought  into  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 

"•  gregation  to  reconcile  withal  in  the  holy  place,  shall  be  eaten  :  it  shall 

be  burnt  in  the  fire. 

o Le. V. & 6. 1-7.       1  "  Likewise  "this  is  the  law  of  the  trespass  offering:  ''it       LET.vii. 

p  Le.  6. 17, 25.  &  is  most  holy.  ~  Li  'the  place  where  they  kill  the  burnt  offering  shall 

^^  ^  1  5  11     ^'^^y  ^*'^  ^'^^  trespass  offering ;  and  the  blood  thereof  shall  he  sprinkle 

'&'4. 24,'29' 33'.    round  about  upon  the  altar.  ^  And  he  shall  offer  of  it  ""all  the  fat  there- 

'14^15,"  16.V4.   of;  the  rump,  and  the  fat  that  covereth  the  inwards,  "*  and  the  two  kid- 

8,9.  Ex.29.  13.  neys,  and  the  fat  that  is  on  them,  which  is  by  the  flanks,  and  the  caul 

that  is  above  the  liver,  with  the  kidneys,  it  shall  he  take  away  ;  ^and 

the  priest  shall  burn  them  upon  the  altar  for  an  oftering  made  by  fire 

« Le.  6. 16-18.     unto  the  Lord  :  it  is  a  trespass  offering.  ^  Every  ^male  among  the  priests 

t  Le.  2. 3. '         shall  eat  thereof ;  it  shall  be  eaten  in  the  holy  place  :  'it  is  most  holy. 

«Le.6.25,26.&       "  "  As  the  siu  offering  is,  so  is  "the   trespass  offering;  there  is  one 

law  for  them  :  the  priest  that  maketh  atonement  therewith  shall  have 

it.  ^  And  the  priest  that  oftereth   any  man's  burnt  offering,  even   the 

priest  shall  have  to  himself  the  skin   of  the  burnt  oftering  which   he 

eLe.2.3,io.Nu.  hath  offered.  ^  And  "all  the  meat  oftering  that  is  baken  in  the  oven, 

*  Or,  ontiiejiat     and  all  that  is  dressed  in  the  fryingpan,  and  *in  the  pan,  shall  be  the 

plate,  OT,  slice,     priest's  that  offereth  it.  i**  And  every  meat  oftering,  mingled  with  oil, 

and  dry,  shall  all  the  sons  of  Aaron  have,  one  as  much  as  another. 
wLe.  3. 1.  11  •'  And  "this  is  the  law  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  which 

he  shall  offer  unto  the  Lord.   ^'-  If  he  offer  it  for  a  thanksgiving,  then 
he   shall   offer   with  the   sacrifice  of  thanksgiving    unleavened   cakes 
r  Le.  2. 4.  Nu.  6.  minglcd  with  oil,  and  unleavened  wafers  ""anointed  with  oil,  and  cakes 
^^"  mingled  with  oil,  of  fine  flour,  fried.   '-^  Besides  the  cakes,  he  shall  offer 

y  Am.  4.5.  for  liis  oftering  ^leavened  bread  with  the  sacrifice  of  thanksgiving  of 

his  peace  offerings.  ^'^  And  of  it  he  shall  offer  one  out  of  the  whole 
oblation  for  a  heave  offering  unto  the  Lord,  ^and  it  shall  be  the 
priest's  that  sprinkleth  the  blood  of  the  peace  offerings.  ^^  And  "the 
flesh  of  the  sacrifice  of  his  peace  offerings  for  thanksgiving  shall  be 
eaten  the  same  day  that  it  is  offered  ;  he  shall  not  leave  any  of  it 
until  the  morning.  ^'^  But  'if  the  sacrifice  of  his  offering  be  a  vow,  or  a 
voluntary  offering,  it  shall  be  eaten  the  same  day  that  he  offereth  his 
sacrifice  ;  and  on  the  morrow  also  the  remainder  of  it  shall  be  eaten  : 
'"  but  the  remainder  of  the  flesh  of  the  sacrifice  on    the   third  day 


iNu.  18.8,  11, 


Part  VIII.] 


CONSECRATION  OF  AARON  AND  HIS   SONS. 


191 


c  Nu.  18.  27. 
dhe.  U.  10, 

41.  &  19.  7. 


e  Le.  15.  3. 
/Ge.  17.  14. 
g  Le.  xii.  &  xiii. 

&  XV. 

hhe.  1].  24,28. 
i  Ez.  4.  14. 


j  See  Le.  3.  17. 
t  Heb.  carcass. 

Le.  17.  15.  De. 

14.  21.Ez.  4.  14. 

it  44.  31. 
k  See  Le.  3.  17. 


o  Ex.  29.  24,  27. 

Le.8.27.&9.21, 

Nu.  6.  20. 
p  Le.  3.  5,  11, 16. 
ff  Le.  9.  21.  Nu. 

6.20. 


r  Ex.  29.  28.  Le. 
10.  14,  15.  Nu. 
18.  18,  19.  De. 
18.3. 


s  Le.  8.  12,  30. 
Ex.  40.  13,  15. 
t  Le.  6.  9. 
u  Le.  6.  14. 
V  Le.  6.  25. 

xLe.  6.20.  Ex 

xxix. 
y  ver.  11. 
z  Le.  1.  2. 


SECT.  XXIL 

A.  M.  2514. 

B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,  1&17. 

Sinai. 


shall  be  burnt  with  fire.  ^^  And  if  any  of  the  flesh  of  the  sacrifice  of 
his  peace  ofierings  be  eaten  at  all  on  the  third  day,  it  shall  not  be  accept- 
ed, neither  shall  it  be  'imputed  unto  him  that  offereth  it;  it  shall  be ''an 
abomination,  and  the  soul  that  eateth  of  it  shall  bear  his  iniquity.  ^^  And 
the  flesh  that  toucheth  any  unclean  thing  shall  not  be  eaten  ;  it  shall  be 
burnt  with  fire  ;  and  as  for  the  flesh,  all  that  be  clean  shall  eat  there- 
of. ^°  But  the  soul  that  eateth  of  the  flesh  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace 
ofierings,  that  pertain  unto  the  Lord,  'having  his  uncleanness  upon 
him,  even  that  soul  ^shall  be  cut  oflT  from  his  people.  ^^  Moreover  the 
soul  that  shall  touch  any  unclean  thing,  as  ^the  uncleanness  of  man, 
or  any  ''unclean  beast,  or  any  'abominable  unclean  thing,  and  eat  of 
the  flesh  of  the  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  which  pertain  unto  the 
Lord,  even  that  soul  shall  be  cut  oflf  from  his  people." 

"  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^ "  Speak  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  saying.  Ye  -'shall  eat  no  manner  of  fat,  of  ox,  or 
of  sheep,  or  of  goat.  ~^  And  the  fat  of  the  tbeast  that  dieth  of  itself, 
and  the  fat  of  that  which  is  torn  with  beasts,  may  be  used  in  any 
other  use  ;  but  ye  shall  in  no  wise  eat  of  it.  ^^  For  ''whosoever  eateth 
the  fat  of  the  beast,  of  which  men  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto 
the  Lord,  even  the  soul  that  eateth  it  shall  be  cut  oflT  from  his  people. 
^•^  Moreover  'ye  shall  eat  no  manner  of  blood,  whether  it  be  of  fowl  or 
of  beast,  in  any  of  your  dwellings.  ^~  Whatsoever  soul  it  be  that  eateth 
any  manner  of  blood,  even  that  soul  shall  be  cut  oft'  from  his  people." 

^^And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^ "  Speak  unto  the 
children  of  Israel,  saying,  "'He  that  oftereth  the  sacrifice  of  his  peace 
offerings  unto  the  Lord  shall  bring  his  oblation  unto  the  Lord  of  the 
sacrifice  of  his  peace  offerings.  ^^  His  "own  hands  shall  bring  the  offer- 
ings of  the  Lord  made  by  fire,  the  fat  with  the  breast,  it  shall  he  bring, 
that  "the  breast  may  be  waved  for  a  wave  oflTering  before  the  Lord. 
^^  And  ^the  priest  shall  burn  the  fat  upon  the  altar  ;  but  the  breast 
shall  be  Aaron's  and  his  sons'.  ^~And  'the  right  shoulder  shall  ye 
give  unto  the  priest  for  a  heave  oflTering  of  the  sacrifices  of  your 
peace  offerings.  ^^He  among  the  sons  of  Aaron,  that  offereth  the 
blood  of  the  peace  offerings,  and  the  fat,  shall  have  the  right  shoulder 
for  his  part.  ^^  For  ''the  wave  breast  and  the  heave  shoulder  have  I 
taken  of  the  children  of  Israel  from  oflT  the  sacrifices  of  their  peace 
offerings,  and  have  given  them  unto  Aaron  the  priest  and  unto  his 
sons  by  a  statute  for  ever  from  among  the  children  of  Israel." 

^^  This  is  the  portion  of  the  anointing  of  Aaron,  and  of  the  anoint- 
ing of  his  sons,  out  of  the  offerings  of  the  Lord  made  by  fire,  in  the 
day  when  he  presented  them  to  minister  unto  the  Lord  in  the  priest's 
office  ;  ^^  which  the  Lord  commanded  to  be  given  them  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  "in  the  day  that  he  anointed  them,  by  a  statute  for 
ever  throughout  their  generations.  -^^  This  is  'the  law  of  the  burnt 
offering,  "of  the  meat  offering,  "and  of  the  sin  offering,  "and  of  the 
trespass  offering,  "^and  of  the  consecrations,  ^and  of  the  sacrifice  of 
the  peace  offerings  ;  ^^  which  the  Lord  commanded  Moses  in  Mount 
Sinai,  in  the  day  that  he  commanded  the  children  of  Israel  ^to  offer 
their  oblations  unto  the  Lord,  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai. 

Section  XXII. —  The  Consecration  of  Aaron  and  his   Sons,  and  the  Accejjt- 
ance  of  their  Offering. 
Lev.  viii.  and  ix. 
Moses  consecrateth  Aaron  and  his  sons.     14  Their  sin  offering.     18  Tlieir  burnt  offering.     22  The 
ram  of  consecration.     31  The  place  and  time  of  their  consecration.  —  Chap.  ix.  1  Thefrst  offer- 
ings of  Aaron,  for  himself  and  the  people.     8  The  sin  offerivg,  12  and  the  bnrnt  off ering  for  him- 
self  "15  Tlie  offerings  for  the  people.     23  Moses  and  Aaron  bless  the  peoiple.     24  Fire  cometh 
from,  the  Lord  upon  the  altar. 

Take  "Aaron  and  his 


And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  sayin< 


192  THE  CONSECRATION  OF  AARON  AND  HIS  SONS.      [Period  III. 

6Ex.  23. 2,4.      sons  witli  liiiiij  '^aud  the  garments,  and  ^the  anointing  oil,  and  a  bullock 

'*■■'■  for  the  sin  oftering,  and  two  rams,  and  a  basket  of  unleavened  bread  ; 
^  and  gather  thou  all  the  congregation  together  unto  the  door  of  the 
tabernacle  of  the  congregation." 

"*  And  Moses  did  as  the  Lord  commanded  him  ;  and  the  assembly 
was  gathered  together  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congre- 

d Ex.  29. 4.  gation.  ^  And  Moses  said  unto  the  congregation,  •*  This ''is  the  thing 
which  the  Lord  commanded  to  be  done."  '^  And  Moses  brought  Aaron 

e  Ex.  29. 4.         and  his  sons,  'and  washed  them  with  water.  "  And  'he  put  upon  him 

^g^Ex^X  the  "coat,  and  girded  him  with  the  girdle,  and  clothed  him  with  the 
robe,  and  put  the  ephod  upon  him,  and  he  girded  him  with  the  curious 
girdle  of  the  ephod,  and  bound  it  unto  him  therewith.  ^And  he  put 

A  Ex.  28. 30.        the  breastplate  upon  him  ;  ''also  he  put  in  the  breastplate  the  Urim  and 

t  Ex.  29. 6.  the  Thununim.  '-*  And  'he  put  the  mitre  upon  his  head  ;  also  upon  the 
mitre,  even  upon  his  forefront,  did  he  put  the  golden  plate,  the  holy 

j Ex. 28. 37, &c.   crown;   as  ^ the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

fc  Ex.  30. 26-29.  !«  And  'Moscs  took  the  anointing  oil,  and  anointed  the  tabernacle 
and  all  that  was  therein,  and  sanctified  them.  ^^  And  he  sprinkled 
thereof  upon  the  altar  seven  times,  and  anointed  the  altar  and  all  his 

^Ex.'ig;  7*!&^3o.  vessels,  both  the  laver  and  his  foot,  to  sanctify  them.  ^^  And  he  'poured 
Ec  45  if'  ^'     ^^  ^'^^  anointing  oil  upon  Aaron's  head,  and  anointed  him,  to  sanctify 

mEx.29. 8, 9.      ^im.  ^^  And  "Moses  brought  Aaron's  sons,  and  put  coats  upon  them, 

*  Heb.  bound.  and  girded  them  with  girdles,  and  *put  bonnets  upon  them  ;  as  the 
Lord  commanded  Moses. 

"43^19.^'  ^"^  ^^        ^^  ^"tl  "he  brought  the  bullock  for  the  sin  oftering  ;  and  Aaron  and 

0  Le.  4. 4.  his  sons  "laid  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  bullock  for  the  sin 

^Le!'4^^7.  Ez^43.  offering,  ^^  And  he  slew  it ;  ''and  Moses  took  the  blood,  and  put  it  upon 

20, 26.  He.  9. 2i  the  horns  of  the  altar  round  about  with  his  finger,  and  purified  the 
altar,  and  poured  the  blood  at  the  bottom  of  the  altar,  and  sanctified 

J  Ex.  29. 13.  Le.  jt,  to  make  reconciliation  upon  it.  ^'^And  'he  took  all  the  fat  that  was 
upon  the  inwards,  and  the  caul  above  the  liver,  and  the  two  kid- 
neys, and  their  fat,  and  Moses  burned  it  upon  the  altar.  ^^  But  the 
bullock,  and  his  hide,  his  flesh,  and  his  dung,  he  burnt  with  fire   with- 

''Ex!'2<i.  14.  ^"'"     ^^^  ^'^^  ^^"^P  '  ^^    the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

sEx.  29. 15.  ^'^  And  'he  brought  the  ram  for  the  burnt  offering  ;  and  Aaron  and 

his  sons  laid  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  ram.  ^''  And  he  killed 
it;  and  Moses  sprinkled  the  blood  upon  the  altar  round  about.  -"And 
he  cut  the  ram  into  pieces  ;  and  Moses  burnt  the  head,  and  the  pieces, 
and  the  fat.  ^^  And  he  washed  the  inwards  and  the  legs  in  water ; 
and  Moses  burnt  the  whole  ram  upon  the  altar  :  it  was  a  burnt  sacri- 
fice for  a  sweet  savour,  and  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  ; 

tEx.  29. 18.         'as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

« Ex. 29. 19,31.  ^^And  "he  brought  the  other  ram,  the  ram  of  consecration;  and 
Aaron  and  his  sons  laid  their  hands  upon  the  head  of  the  ram.  ~^  And 
he  slew  it ;  and  Moses  took  of  the  blood  of  it,  and  put  it  upon  the  tip 
of  Aaron's  right  ear,  and  upon  the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon 
the  great  toe  of  his  right  foot.  ^^  And  he  brought  Aaron's  sons,  and 
Moses  put  of  the  blood  upon  the  tip  of  their  right  ears,  and  upon 
the  thumbs  of  their  right  hands,  and  u])on  the  great  toes  of  their 
right  feet  ;  and  Moses  sprinkled  the  blood  upon  the  altar  round  about. 
-^  And  "he  took  the  fat,  and  the  rump,  and  all  the  fat  that  was  upon 
the   inwards,    and  the   caul  above  the    liver,    and   the    two  kidneys, 

tt  Ex.  29.  23.  and  their  fat,  and  the  right  shoulder  ;  ~^  and  "out  of  the  basket  of  unleav- 
ened bread,  that  was  before  the  Lord,  he  took  one  unleavened  cake, 
and  a  cake  of  oiled  bread,  and  one  wafer,  and  put  them  on  the  fat,  and 

z  Ex.  29.  24,  tc.  upon  the  right  shoulder;  -'and  he  put  all  'upon  Aaron's  hands,  and 
upon  Iiis  sons'  hands,  and  waved  them  for  a  wave  offering  before  the 


aEx.  99.  21.  & 
30.  30.  Nu.  3.  3 


Part  VIIL]  THE  CONSECRATION  OF   AARON  AND  HIS  SONS.         193 

3/ Ex.  29.  25.  Lord.  ~^  And  ^Moses  took  them  from  oft' their  hands,  and  burnt  them 
on  the  altar  upon  the  burnt  offering :  they  were  consecrations  for  a 
sweet  savour ;  it  is  an  oftering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  And 
Moses  took  the  breast,  and  waved  it  for  a  wave  offering  before  the 
Lord  ;  for  of  the  ram  of  consecration  it  was  Moses'  ''part ;  as  the 
Lord  commanded  Moses.  ^^  And  "Moses  took  of  the  anointing  oil,  and 
of  the  blood  which  was  upon  the  altar,  and  sprinkled  it  upon  Aaron, 
and  upon  his  garments,  and  upon  his  sons,  and  upon  his  sons'  garments 
with  him  ;  and  sanctified  Aaron,  and  his  garments,  aiid  his  sons,  and 
his  sons'  garments  with  him. 

i Ex. 29. 31, 32.  31  ^j^j  Moscs  Said  unto  Aaron  and  to  his  sons,  "Boil  Hhe  flesh  at 
the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  and  there  eat  it  with 
the  bread  that  is  in  the  basket  of  consecrations,  as  I  commanded,  saying, 

£  Ex.  29. 34.  'Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  eat  it.'  ^^And  'that  which  remaineth  of  the 
flesh  and  of  the  bread  shall  ye  burn  with  fire,  ^s^nd  ye  shall  not  go 
out  of  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation   in  seven  days, 

'^iz.'^.'^,'2i.'    "'^'^il  t^^6  ^^y^  of  your  consecration  be  at  an  end  ;  for  ''seven  days  shall 

« He.  7. 16.  he  consecrate  you.  ^^  As  'he  hath  done  this  day,  so  the  Lord  hath  com- 
manded to  do,  to  make  an  atonement  for  you.  ^^  Therefore  shall  ye 
abide  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  day  and  night 

■^ig^b^e.  nf^L*     seven  days,  •'^and  keep  the  charge  of  the  Lord,  that  ye  die  not ;  for 

iKi.  2. 3.  so  I  am  commanded."  ^6  Qq  Aaron  and  his  sons  did  all  things  which 

the  Lord  commanded  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

^Ez.  43.  27.  1  ^^^  »'jj  ^^i^g  ^^  p^gg  ^^  ^j^g  eighth  day,  that  Moses  called    Lev.  ix. 

Aaron  and  his  sons,  and  the  elders  of  Israel ;  ^  and  he  said  unto  Aaron, 
'^u.'-ixh^^t  "  Take  Hhee  a  young  calf  for  a  sin  oftering,  'and  a  ram  for  a  burnt 
i  Le.  8. 18.  oftering,  without  blemish,  and  offer  them  before  the  Lord.  ^  And  unto 

^6^i7.'^wi"i.    the    children   of   Israel   thou    shalt    speak,  saying,  ^Take  ye  a  kid  of 
the  goats  for  a  sin  oflTering,  and  a  calf  and  a  lamb,  both  of  the  first  year, 
without  blemish,  for  a  burnt  oftering ;  '*  also  a  bullock  and  a  ram  for 
k  Le.  2. 4.  peace  ofterings,  to  sacrifice   before  the  Lord  ;  '^and   a  meat  offering 

z Ex. 29. 43.        mingled  with  oil:   'for  to-day  the  Lord  will  appear  unto  you." 

^And  they  brought  that  which  Moses  commanded  before   the  tab- 
ernacle of  the   congregation  ;  and  all  the  congregation  drew  near  and 
stood  before  the  Lord.  *^And  Moses  said,  "This  is  the  thing  which 
m  Ex.  24. 16.       ^j^g  LoRD  Commanded  that  ye  should  do  ;  "'and  the  glory  of  the  Lord 
shall  appear  unto  you."  '^  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  "  Go  unto  the 
'3^i4.'*h;/5^3;    altar,  and  "offer  thy  sin  oftering,  and  thy  burnt  oftering,  and  make  an 
&  7. 27.  &  9. 7.   atonement  for  thyself,  and  for  the  people  :  and  "oflTer  the  offering  of  the 
"nl'ti^''^^'     people,  and  make  an  atonement  for  them  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded. 

^  Aaron  therefore  went  unto  the  altar,  and  slew  the  calf  of  the  sin 

pLe.8. 15.         oftering,  which  was  for  himself.  ^  And  ^' the  sons  of  Aaron  brought 

^SeeLe.  4. 7.      t|-,g  bjood  unto  him  ;  and  he  dipped  his  finger  in  the  blood,  and  'put 

it  upon  the  horns  of  the  altar,  and  poured  out  the  blood  at  the  bot- 

r  Le.  8. 16.         ^q,^-,  ^f  ^j^g  altar.  1°  But  'the  fat,  and  the  kidneys,  and  the  caul  above 

sLe.  4. 8.  the  liver  of  the  sin  oftering,  he  burnt  upon   the  altar  ;  "as  the  Lord 

tLe.4.  u.  &,8.    commanded  Moses.   ^^  And  'the  flesh  and  the  hide  he  burnt  with  fire 

without  the  camp.  ^^  And  he  slew   the   burnt  oftering  ;  and   Aaron's 

uLe.  1.5.  &8.     gQj^g  presented  unto  him  the  blood,  "which   he  sprinkled  round  about 

t)Le.  8. 20.         upon  the  altar.  ^^  And  *" they  presented  the  burnt   oftering  unto  him, 

with  the  pieces  thereof,  and  the  head ;  and  he  burnt  them  upon   the 

M  Le.  8. 21.         altar.  ^*  And  "he  did  wash  the  inwards  and  the  legs,  and  burnt  them 

X  i9. 53. 10.  He.    upon  the  burnt  oftering  on  the  altar. 

2. 17.  &  5. 3.  15  ^j^^  ^jjg  brought  the  people's  oftering,  and  took  the  goat,  which 

*  Or ,  ordinance.  \^lr'•c^^  •       f 

Le.  1.3, 10.  was  the  sm  ottering  for  the  j)eople,  and  slew  it,  and  offered  it  for  sin, 
'-'  H^;^:;i  J^,  as  the  first.  ^^  And  he  brought  the  burnt  oftering,  and  offered  it  accord- 
handoutofu.      ing  to  thc  *manner.  ^^  And  he  brought  "the  meat  offering,  and  ftook  a 

VOL.    I.  25  Q, 


194  DESTRUCTION  OF  NADAB   AND   ABIHU.        [Period  III. 

i  Ex.  29. 38.  handful  thereof,  and  burnt  it  upon  the  ahar,  "'besides  the  burnt  sacrifice 
oLe.  3. 1,  &c.  of  the  morning.  ^®  He  slew  also  the  bullock  and  the  ram  for  "a  sacrifice 
of  peace  offerings,  which  was  for  the  people.  And  Aaron's  sons  pre- 
jLe.  3. 5, 16,  sented  unto  him  the  blood,  which  he  sprinkled  upon  the  altar  round 
'S'^'t^so^^^'  about,  1^  and  the  fat  of  the  bullock  and  of  the  ram,  the  rump,  and  that 
d  Nu.  6. 23.  De.  which  covcrcth  the  inwards,  and  the  kidneys,  and  the  caul  above  the 
eXu.i4."io. k  liver;  -^and  they  put  the  fat  upon  the  breasts,  ''and  he  burnt  the  fat 
le.  19=42.  upon  the  altar  :  ~^  and  the  breasts  and  the  right  shoulder  Aaron  waved 
2l"&'i3.  ^'.  i  'for  a  wave  offering  before  the  Lord  ;  as  Moses  commanded, 
^'i.' Ps^2o.^3^''2  ^~  And  Aaron  lifted  up  his  hand  toward  the  people,  and  ''blessed 
Tki ^39^^  them,  and  came  down  from  oflTering  of  the  sin  offering,  and  the  burnt 
%  ch!'7. 3.  Ezra  offering,  and  peace  offferings.  ~^  And  Moses  and  Aaron  went  into  the 
tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  came  out,  and  blessed  the  people  : 

'and  the  glory  of  the   Lord  appeared   unto  all  the  people.    ~^  And 

■^there  came  a  fire  out  from  before  the  Lord,  and  consumed  upon  the 
altar  the  burnt  offering  and  the  fat :  which  when  all  the  people  saw, 
^they  shouted,  and  fell  on  their  faces. 


3.  11. 


SECT.  xxm. 


A.  M.  2514. 
B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,  1647. 

Sinai.  Sect.  XXIIL Destruction  of  Nadab  and  Abihu  for  offering  strange  Fire. 

a  See  ^6.  23.  Lev.  x.  1-7. 

Le.^16. 1.  &  1  And  "Nadab  and  Abihu,  the  sons  of  Aaron,  'took  either  of  them 

6 Le.  16. 12.  xu.  his  ceuscr,  and  put  fire  therein,  and  put  incense  thereon,  and  oflTered 
c  Ex.^30. 9.  'strange  fire  before  the  Lord,  which  he  commanded  them  not.  ^  And 
dLe.9. 24.NU.  ''there  Went  out  fire  from  the  Lord,  and  devoured  tliem,  and  they 
eEx?T9^^!&     *^i^^  before  the  Lord.  ^Then  Moses  said   unto   Aaron,  "This   is  it 

n'ai'i^^i'ii'  ^'^^^  ^^^®  Lord  spake,  saying,  '  1  will  be  sanctified  in  them  'that  come 

Ez.  26.4i.&42.  nigh  me,  and  before  all  the  people  I  will  be  -^glorified.' "  °And  Aaron 
/Is.  49. 3.  Ez. 98.  ^^^'^  '^'^  pcacc.  "*  And  Moses  called  Mishael  and   Elzaphan,  the  sons 

I2&'i4\3"'^'  ^^  'Uzziel   the   uncle   of  Aaron,  and  said  unto  them,  "Come  near, 

2Tiies.  i.io.  'carry  your  brethren  from  before  the  sanctuary  out  of  the  camp." 
f  Ex.^  18  22.  ^  ^'^  *^'i^y  ^vent  near,  and  carried  them  in  their  coats  out  of  the  camp  ; 
t  Lu.  7. 13.'  Ac.    as  Moses  had  said. 

8.2!  '    '  ^  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  and  unto  Eleazar  and  unto  Ithamar, 

■'w%5^&'^%    ^^^  sons,  "  Uncover  •'not  your  heads,  neither  rend  your  clothes,  lest 

loixu.e.  6,'7.'  ye  die,  and  lest  Svrath  come  upon  all  the  people  ;  but  let  your  breth- 
t Nu.  16. 22, 46.    ren,  the  whole  house   of  Israel,  bewail   the  burning  which  the  Lord 

iT^'^'Jst^.i.  ^^th  kindled.  '^  And  'ye  shall  not  go  out  from  the  door  of  the  tabernacle 
I  Ex.  21. 12.  of  the  congregation,  Jest  ye  die  ;  '"for  the  anointing  oil  of  the  Lord  is 
"e.^so.^'^^"^^'  upon  you.''    And  they  did  according  to  the  word  of  Moses. 


SECT.   XXIV. 

.  M.  2514. 
,  C.  1490. 
lles,  16- 
Sinai. 


Section  XXIV. —  The  Priests   are  forbidden  Wine; — The  Law  of  eating 
Holy  Things ; — Aaron's  Transgression. 
A.  M.  2514.  Lev.  X.  8,  to  the  end. 

hIles,  1647.  ^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Aaron,  saying,  ^  "  Do  "not  drink  wine 
nor  strong  drink,  thou,  nor  thy  sons  with  thee,  when  ye  go  into  the  tab- 
—  ernacle  of  the  congregation,  lest  ye  die :  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever 
°i!^i.5.'"i  tV.  3^"'  throughout  your  generations :  ^"  and  that  ye  may  ""put  difference  be- 
/Le'i'/47'&  tween  holy  and  unholy,  and  between  unclean  and  clean  ;  ^^  and  'that 
20. 2.1.  Je.  15.  ye  may  teach  the  children  of  Israel  all  the  statutes  which  the  Lord 
&'44.W  " '     hath  spoken  unto  them  by  the  hand  of  Moses." 

'2°8' l^'fa  ^e' ^'  ^"~  And  Moses  spake  unto  Aaron,  and  unto  Eleazar  and  unto  Itha- 
18. 18.' Mai. 2. 7.  niar,  his  sons  that  were  left,  "  Take  ''the  meat  offering  that  remaineth 
'^i6.''isM^.'f8.'9tia  of  the  offerings  of  the  Lord  made  by  fire,  and  eat  it  without  leaven 
eLe.  21.22.  bcside  the  altar;  'for  it  is  most  holy.  ^^  And  ye  shall  eat  it  in  the  holy 
/Le.  2. 3.  &6.  p]^pg^  because  it  is  thy  due,  and  thy  sons'  due,  of  the  sacrifices  of 
^Ex.29.  24  26,  the  LoRD  made  by  fire  ;  -^for  so  I  am  commanded.  ^^  And  ^the  wave 
Nu.  1^8.  ii. '    '  breast  and  heave  shoulder   shall  yc  eat  in  a  clean   place  ;   (thou,  and 


Fart  VIII.] 


THE   SECOND   PASSOVER. 


195 


h  Le.  7.  20,  30, 


»  Le.  9.  3,  15. 
j  Le.  6.  26,  29 


I  Le.  6.  26. 
«i  Le.  9.  8,  12. 


n  Je.  6.  20.  &  14. 
]2.  Ho.  9.  4. 
Mai.  1.  10,  13. 


A.  M.   2514. 

B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,   1647. 

Sinai. 

a  Ex.  12.  1,  &c. 

*  Heb.  between 
the  two  evenings 
Ex.  12.  6. 


thy  sons,  and  thy  daughters  with  thee  ;)  for  they  be  thy  due,  and 
thy  sons'  due,  which  are  given  out  of  the  sacrifices  of  peace  offerings 
of  the  children  of  Israel.  ^^  The  ''heave  shoulder  and  the  wave  breast 
shall  they  bring  with  the  offerings  made  by  fire  of  the  fat,  to  wave  it 
for  a  wave  offering  before  the  Lord  ;  and  it  shall  be  thine,  and  thy 
sons  with  thee,  by  a  statute  for  ever  ;  as  the  Lord  hath  commanded." 
1*^  And  Moses  diligently  sought  Hhe  goat  of  the  sin  offering,  and, 
behold,  it  was  burnt !  And  he  was  angry  with  Eleazar  and  Ithamar, 
the  sons  of  Aaron  which  were  left  alive,  saying,  ^"^  "  Wherefore  ^have 
ye  not  eaten  the  sin  offering  in  the  holy  place,  seeing  it  is  most  holy, 
and  God  hath  given  it  you  to  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  congregation, 
to  make  atonement  for  them  before  the  Lord  ?  ^^  Behold,  *the  blood 
of  it  was  not  brought  in  within  the  holy  place :  ye  should  indeed 
have  eaten  it  in  the  holy  place,  'as  I  commanded."  ^^And  Aaron 
said  unto  Moses,  "  Behold  !  '"this  day  have  they  offered  their  sin  offer- 
ing and  their  burnt  offering  before  the  Lord  ;  and  such  things  have 
befallen  me  ;  and  if  I  had  eaten  the  sin  offering  to-day,  "should  it 
have  been  accepted  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  ?  "  ^^  And  when  Moses 
heard  that,  he  was  content. 

SECT.  XXV.        Section  XXV. The  Second  Passover; — 3Iay  be  kept  hy  the  Unclean. 

(23)NDM.ix.    1-14. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai,  in 
the  first  month  of  the  second  year  after  they  were  come  out  of  the 
land  of  Egypt,  saying,  ^"Let  the  children  of  Israel  also  keep  "the 
Passover  at  his  appointed  season.  ^  In  the  fourteenth  day  of  this 
month,  *at  even,  ye  shall  keep  it  in  his  appointed  season  ;  according 
to  all  the  rites  of  it,  and  according  to  all  the  ceremonies  thereof,  shall 
ye  keep  it."  ^  And  Moses  spake  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they 
should  keep  the  Passover.  ^  And  'they  kept  the  Passover  on  the  four- 
teenth day  of  the  first  month  at  even  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai ; 
according  to  all  that  the  Lord  commanded  Moses,  so  did  the  children 
of  Israel. 

^  And  there  were  certain  men,  who  were  'defiled  by  the  dead  body 
of  a  man,  that  they  could  not  keep  the  Passover  on  that  day  ;  "^and  they 
came  before  Moses  and  before  Aaron  on  that  day.  '  And  those  men 
said  unto  him,  "  We  are  defiled  by  the  dead  body  of  a  man  ;  where- 
fore are  we  kept  back,  that  we  may  not  offer  an  offering  of  the  Lord 
in  his  appointed  season  among  the  children  of  Israel  ?  "  ^  And  Moses 
said  unto  them,  "  Stand  still,  'and  I  will  hear  what  the  Lord  will 
command  concerning  you." 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^ "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  saying,  If  any  man  of  you  or  of  your  posterity  shall  be 
unclean  by  reason  of  a  dead  body,  or  be  in  a  journey  afar  off,  yet  he 
shall  keep  the  Passover  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  The  -^fourteenth  day  of  the 
second  month  at  even  they  shall  keep  it,  and  eat  it  with  unleavened 
bread  and  bitter  herbs.  ^~  They  ^shall  leave  none  of  it  unto  the  morn- 
ing, ''nor  break  any  bone  of  it :  'according  to  all  the  ordinances  of  the 
Passover  they  shall  keep  it.  ^^  But  the  man  that  is  clean,  and  is  not  in 
a  journey,  and  forbeareth  to  keep  the  Passover,  even  the  same  soul 
^shall  be  cut  off  from  among  his  people  :  because  he  brought  not  the 
offering  of  the  Lord  in  his  appointed  season,  that  man  shall  '^bear  his 
sin.  1^  And  if  a  stranger  shall  sojourn  among  you,  and  will  keep  the 
Passover  unto  the  Lord  ;  according  to  the  ordinance  of  the  Passover, 
and  according  to  the  manner  thereof,  so  shall  he  do  :  'ye  shall  have  one 
ordinance,  both  for  the  stranger,  and  for  him  that  was  born  in  the  land." 


d  Ex.  18.  15,  1 
26.  Nu.  27.  2 


/Ex.  12.6, 


g  Ex.  12.  10. 

h  Ex.  12.  46. 
t  Ex.  12.  43. 


(^)  That  this  passage  is  to 
loc.  vol.  i.  p.  30. 


inserted  here  is  plain  from  the  text,  Num.  ix.  1.— Vide   Lightfoot  in 


196  WHAT  ANIMALS  MAY  BE  EATEN.  [Period  III. 

SECT.  XXVI.  Section  XXVI. — Laws  concerning  what  Animals  may  he  eaten. 


A.  M.  2514.  ^^^" 


Hales,  1G47. 
Sinai. 


c.  1490.  1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  to  Aaron,  saying  unto  them, 

2  "  Speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  These  "are  the  beasts 
which  ye  shall  eat  among  all  the  beasts  that  are  on  the  earth.  ^  What- 

flDe.  14.4.  Ac.  socvcr  partcth  the  hoof,  and  is  cloven-footed,  and  cheweth  the  cud, 
10. 12, 14.  among  the  beasts,  that  shall  ye  eat.  "*  Nevertheless  these   shall  ye  not 

eat  of  them  that  chew  the  cud,  or  of  them  that  divide  the  hoof:  as  the 
camel,  because  he  chewetii  the  cud,  but  divideth  not  the  hoof;  he  is 
unclean  unto  you.  ^And  the  coney,  because  he  cheweth  the  cud,  but 
divideth  not  the  hoof ;  he  is  unclean  unto  you.  ^  And  the  hare,  because 
he  cheweth  the  cud,  but  divideth  not  the  hoof ;  he  is  unclean  unto  you. 

*7^ h*^' ^' ^^' *"     '  And  Hhe  swine,  though  he  divide  the  hoof,  and  be  cloven-footed,  yet 

c  Is.  65. 4.  &.  66.   he  cheweth  not  the  cud  ;  "^he  is  unclean  to  you.  ^  Of  their  flesh  shall  ye 

/iB^52  11  Seo  ^^^  ^^^'  ^^^  ^^^^^  carcass  shall  ye  not  touch ;  "they  are  unclean  to  you. 
Mat.  15. 1'l,  20.  9  "  Thcsc  'shall  ye  eat  of  all  that  are  in  the  waters  :  whatsoever  hath 
Ac.' 10. 14,15.  &  fins  and  scales  in  the  waters,  in  the  seas,  and  in  the  rivers,  them  shall 
itn.'fco!!  ye  eat.  ^^  And  all  that  have  not  fins  and  scales  in  the  seas,  and  in  the 
He^gl'To.^*^'^^'  rivers,  of  all  that  move  in  the  waters,  and  of  any  living  thing  which  is 

e  De.  14. 9.         in  the  waters,  they  shall  be  -^an  abomination  unto  you.  ^^  They  shall  be 

^u'a' ^^' °^'  even  an  abomination  unto  you  ;  ye  shall  not  eat  of  their  flesh,  but  ye 
shall  have  their  carcasses  in  abomination.  ^~  Whatsoever  hath  no  fins 
nor  scales  in  the  waters,  that  shall  be  an  abomination  unto  you. 

j-De.  14. 12.  13"  And  "these  are  they  which  ye  shall  have  in  abomination  among 

the  fowls,  (they  shall  not  be  eaten,  they  are  an  abomination  :)  the 
eagle,  and  the  ossifrage,  and  the  ospray,  ^^  and  the  vulture,  and  the 
kite  after  his  kind  ;  ^^^  every  raven  after  his  kind  ;  ^'^and  the  owl,  and 
the  night  hawk,  and  the  cuckow,  and  the  hawk  after  his  kind,  i"  and 
the  little  owl,  and  the  cormorant,  and  the  great  owl,  ^^  and  the  swan, 
and  the  pelican,  and  the  gier-eagle,  ^^  and  the  stork,  the  heron  after 
her  kind,  and  the  lapwing,  and  the  bat. 

2"  "  All  fowls  that  creep,  going  upon  all  four,  shall  be  an  abomination 
unto  you.  -^  Yet  these  may  ye  eat  of  every  flying-creeping  thing  that 
goeth  upon  all  four,  which  have  legs  above  their  feet,  to  leap  withal 

h  Mat.  3. 4.  upon  the  earth  ;  ~^  even  these  of  them  ye  may  eat  ;  "the  locust  after  his 
kind,  and  the  bald  locust  after  his  kind,  and  the  beetle  after  his  kind, 
and  the  grasshopper  after  his  kind.  -^  But  all  other  flying-creeping 
things,  winch  have  four  feet,  shall  be  an  abomination  unto  you.  ~^  And 
for  these  ye  shall  be  unclean  :  whosoever  toucheth  the  carcass  of  them 
shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ~^  And  whosoever  beareth  aught  of  the 

>Le.H^8.&  carcass  of  them  'shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even, 
lojaa.  &"3i.'24.  26  u  ^i^Q  carcasses  of  every  beast  which  divideth  the  hoof,  and  is  not 
cloven-footed,  nor  cheweth  the  cud,  are  unclean  unto  you  :  every  one 
that  toucheth  them  shall  be  unclean.  ~'  And  whatsoever  goeth  upon 
his  paws,  among  all  manner  of  beasts  that  go  on  all  four,  those  are 
unclean  unto  you  :  whoso  toucheth  their  carcass  shall  be  unclean  until 
the  even.  ~^  And  he  that  beareth  the  carcass  of  them  shall  wash  his 
clothes,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even :  they  are  unclean  unto  you. 
29  "  These  also  shall  be  unclean  unto  you  among  the  creeping  things 

ji«.  66. 17.  that  creep  upon  the  earth  ;  the  weasel,  and  'the  mouse,  and  the  tor- 
toise after  his  kind,  ^o  and  the  ferret,  and  the  chameleon,  and  the  lizard, 
and  the  snail,  and  the  mole.  ^^  These  are  unclean  to  you  among  all  that 
creep  :  whosoever  doth  touch  them,  when  they  be  dead,  shall  be  unclean 
until  the  even.  ='•-  And  upon  whatsoever  any  of  them,  when  they  are 
dead,  doth  fall,  it  shall  be  unclean  ;  whether  it  be  any  vessel  of  wood, 
or  raiment,  or  skin,  or  sack,  whatsoever  vessel  it  be,  wherein  any  work  is 


Part  VIII.]  PURIFICATION  OF  WOMEN.  197 

k  Le.  15. 12.  done,  *it  must  be  put  into  water,  and  it  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even  ; 
so  it  shall  be  cleansed.  ^^  And  every  earthen  vessel,  whereinto  any  of 

jLe.  6. 28.  them  falleth,  whatsoever  is  in  it  shall  be  unclean  ;  and  'ye  shall  break  it. 

^^  Of  all  meat  which  may  be  eaten,  that  on  which  such  water  cometh 
shall  be  unclean  ;  and  all  drink  that  may  be  drunk  in  every  such  vessel 
shall  be  unclean.  ^^  And  every  thing  whereupon  any  part  of  their  car- 
cass falleth  shall  be  unclean  ;  whether  it  be  oven,  or  ranges  for  pots, 
they  shall  be  broken  down  ;  for  they  are  unclean,  and  shall  be  unclean 

*  noh.  a  gatjier-    uttto  you.  ^^Nevertheless  a  fountain  or  pit,  *wherein  there  is  plenty  of 
wit^f.^''^        water,  shall  be  clean ;  but  that  which  toucheth  their  carcass  shall  be 

unclean.  ^"^  And  if  any  part  of  their  carcass  fall  upon  any  sowing  seed 

which  is  to  be  sown,  it  shall  be  clean.  ^^  But  if  any  water  be  put  upon 

the  seed,  and  any  part  of  their  carcass  fall  thereon,  it  shall  be  unclean 

unto  you. 

2^  "  And  if  any  beast,  of  which  ye  may  eat,  die  ;  he  that  toucheth 
jnLe.  17. 15.  &  the  carcass  thereof  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^°  And  "he  that 
Ez.^4.^i4.&'44;  eateth  of  the  carcass  of  it  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  be  unclean  until 
^^-  the  even  ;  he  also  that  beareth  the  carcass  of  it  shall  wash  his  clothes, 

and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 

^^ "  And  every  creeping  thing  that  creepeth  upon  the  earth  shall  be 

an  abomination  ;  it  shall  not  be  eaten.  ^^  Whatsoever  goeth  upon  the 
i[iieh.  doth  muiti-  belly,  and  whatsoever  goeth  upon  all  four,  or  whatsoever  thath  more 

feet  among  all  creeping  things  that  creep  upon  the  earth,  them  ye  shall 
nLe.  20.25.  not  eat ;  for  they  are  an  abomination.  ^-^  Ye  "shall  not  make  yourtselves 
jHeb.5a«?5.        abominable  with  any  creeping  thing  that  creepeth,  neither  shall   ye 

make  yourselves  unclean  with  them,  that  ye  should  be  defiled  thereby. 

**^  For  I  am  the  Lord  your  God  ;  ye  shall  therefore  sanctify  yourselves, 
0  Ex.  19. 6.  Le.     "and  ye  shall  be  holy,  (for  I  am  holy  ;)  neither  shall  ye  defile  your- 
'The9.'4/7.  selves  with  any  manner  of  creeping  thing  that  creepeth    upon    the 

earth.  ^^  For  ''I  am  the  Lord  that  bringeth  you  up  out  of  the  land  of 

Egypt,  to  be  your  God  :  ye  shall  therefore  be  holy,  for  I  am  holy. 
'^^  "  This  is  the  law  of  the  beasts,  and  of  the  fowl,  and  of  every  Uving 

creature  that  moveth  in  the  waters,  and  of  every  creature  that  creepeth 
g  Le.  10. 10.        upou  thc  carth  ;  '^^  to  'make  a  diflerence  between  the  unclean  and  the 

clean,  and  between  the  beast  that  may  be  eaten  and  the  beast  that  may 
not  be  eaten." 

SECT.xxviL   Sect.  XXVII. Purification  of  Women  after  Childbirth;— The  Offerings. 

A.  ^2414.  ^^^-  ^"-  ,  ,        ^.,^ 

B.  c.  1490.  1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  unto  the  children 

Hales,  1647.     q£  Israel,  sayiug,  If  "a  woman  have  conceived  seed,  and  born  a  man 

^'""'         child ;  then  'she  shall  be   unclean  seven  days  ;  "according  to  the  days 

a  Le.  15. 19.        of  the  Separation  for  her  infirmity  shall  she  be  unclean.  ^  And  in  the 

Lu.2. 22.         ''eighth  day  the  flesh  of  his  foreskin  shall  be  circumcised.  *And  she 

shall  then  continue  in  the  blood  of  her  purifying  three  and  thirty  days  ; 

she  shall  touch  no  hallowed  thing,  nor  come  into  the   sanctuary,  until 

the  days  of  her  purifying  be  fulfilled.  ^  But  if  she  bear  a  maid  child, 

then  she  shall  be  unclean  two  weeks,  as  in  her  separation  ;  and  she 

shall  continue  in  the  blood  of  her  purifying  threescore  and  six  days. 

e  Lu.  2. 22.  6  "  And  'whcu  thc  days  of  her  purifying  are  fulfilled,  for  a  son,  or  for 

*  neb.  a  son  of  his  ^  daughter,  she  shall  bring  a  lamb  *of  the  first  year  for  a  burnt  oflfering, 

and  a  young  pigeon,  or  a  turtledove,  for  a  sin  offering,  unto  the  door 
of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  unto  the  priest ;  "^  who  shall 
oflfer  it  before  the  Lord,  and  make  an  atonement  for  her,  and  she  shall 
be  cleansed  from  the  issue  of  her  blood.  This  is  the  law  for  her  that 
^findn'otZffitimaj  hath  bom  a  male  or  a  female.  ^  And  if  tshe  be  not  able  to  bring  a  lamb, 
,/.  Le.5.7.Lu.  ^^^^  ^j^^  ^j^^jj  j^j.jj^g  ^^^  turtlcs,  or  two  young  pigeons,  the  one  for  the 

VOL.    I.  *<l 


1  Pet.  1.  15, 16. 
p  Ex.  6.  7 


c  Le.  15.  19. 

d  See  Ge.  17.  12. 


24.  8.  Lu.  17. 14. 


198  LAWS  AND  TOKENS  OF  THE  LEPROSY.        [Period  IIL 

/Le.4.26.  burnt  offering,  and  the  other  for  a  sin  offering ; -^and  the  priest  shall 

make  an  atonement  for  her,  and  she  shall  be  clean." 

SECT,  xxvni.       Section  XXVIII. —  TJie  Laws  and  Tokens  whereby  the   Priest  is  to  be 
A    ^^0514  guided  in  discerning  the  Leprosy. 

B.  C.  1490.  Lev.  xiii. 

Hai-es,  1G47.  1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  Aaron,  saying,  ^"  When  a 
"'"""  man  shall  have  in  the  skin  of  his  flesh  a  *rising,  a  scab,  or  bright  spot, 
*  Or,  nceuing.  and  it  be  in  the  skin  of  his  flesh  like  the  plague  of  leprosy ;  "then  he 
1)6.28.27.  iB. 3.  gj^j^jj  j^g  brought  unto  Aaron  the  priest,  or  unto  one  of  his  sons  the 
«De^i7.f,9. &  priests.  2  And  the  priest  shall  look  on  the  plague  in  the  skin  of  the 
flesh  ;  and  when  the  hair  in  the  plague  is  turned  white,  and  the  plague 
in  sight  be  deeper  than  the  skin  of  his  flesh,  it  is  a  plague  of  leprosy  ; 
and  the  priest  shall  look  on  him,  and  pronounce  him  unclean.  ■*  If  the 
bright  spot  be  white  in  the  skin  of  his  flesh,  and  in  sight  be  not  deeper 
than  the  skin,  and  the  hair  thereof  be  not  turned  white  ;  then  the  priest 
shall  shut  up  him  that  hath  the  plague  seven  days.  ^And  the  priest 
shall  look  on  him  the  seventh  day  ;  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  in  his 
sight  be  at  a  stay,  and  the  plague  spread  not  in  the  skin,  then  the  priest 
shall  shut  him  up  seven  days  more.  ^  And  the  priest  shall  look  on  him 
again  the  seventh  day ;  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  be  somewhat  dark, 
and  the  plague  spread  not  in  the  skin,  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him 
clean  ;  it  is  but  a  scab  ;  and  he  ''shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  be  clean. 
'  But  if  the  scab  spread  much  abroad  in  the  skin,  after  that  he  hath 
been  seen  of  the  priest  for  his  cleansing,  he  shall  be  seen  of  the  priest 
again  ;  *  and  if  the  priest  see  that,  behold,  the  scab  spreadeth  in  the 
skin,  then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  unclean  :  it  is  a  leprosy. 

9  i(  When  the  plague  of  leprosy  is  in  a  man,  then  he  shall  be  brought 
unto  the  priest;  ^^  and  '^the  priest  shall  see  him.  And,  behold,  if  the 
se'lo"  ^"'  rising  be  white  in  the  skin,  and  it  have  turned  the  hair  white,  and  there 
^^ningofi^fng  bc  fcjuick  raw  flesh  in  the  rising;  ^Mt  is  an  old  leprosy  in  the  skin  of 
•^***-  his  flesh,  and  the  priest  shall   pronounce   him   unclean,  and  shall  not 

shut  him  up  ;  for  he  is  unclean.  '-  And  if  a  leprosy  break  out  abroad 
in  the  skin,  and  the  leprosy  cover  all  the  skin  of  him  that  hath  the 
plague  from  his  head  even  to  his  foot,  wheresoever  the  priest  looketh ; 
^^  then  the  priest  shall  consider ;  and,  behold,  if  the  leprosy  have  cov- 
ered all  his  flesh,  he  shall  pronounce  him  clean  that  hath  the  plague  : 
it  is  all  turned  white;  he  is  clean.  ^^But  when  raw  flesh  appeareth  in 
him,  he  shall  be  unclean.  ^'^  And  the  priest  shall  see  the  raw  flesh,  and 
pronounce  him  to  be  unclean  :  for  the  raw  flesh  is  unclean  ;  it  is  a 
leprosy.  ^''Or  if  the  raw  flesh  turn  again,  and  be  changed  into  white, 
he  shall  come  unto  the  priest ;  ^^  and  the  priest  shall  see  him.  And, 
behold,  if  the  plague  be  turned  into  white ;  then  the  priest  shall  pro- 
nounce him  clean  that  hath  the  plague :  he  is  clean. 
d Ex.  9. 9.  18  u  -pi-ig  flggj^  j^jg^^  jj^  which,  eveii  hi  the  skin  thereof,  was  a  "bile,  and 

is  healed,  ^''  and  in  the  jjlace  of  the  bile  there  be  a  white  rising,  or  a 
bright  spot,  white,  and  somewhat  reddish,  and  it  be  showed  to  the 
priest ;  -^  and  if,  when  the  priest  seeth  it,  behold,  it  be  in  sight  lower 
than  the  skin,  and  the  hair  thereof  be  turned  white ;  the  priest  shall 
pronounce  him  unclean :  it  is  a  plague  of  leprosy  broken  out  of  the 
bile.  21  But  if  the  priest  look  on  it,  and,  behold,  there  be  no  white  hairs 
therein,  and  if  it  be  not  lower  than  the  skin,  but  be  somewhat  dark  ; 
then  the  priest  shall  shut  him  up  seven  days.  ^~  And  if  it  spread  much 
abroad  in  the  skin,  then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  unclean  ;  it  is 
a  plague.  ~=*  But  if  the  bright  spot  stay  in  his  place,  and  spread  not,  it 
»  Heb  a  hi/niin  ^^  ^  buming  bile ;  and  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  clean. 
«jrjr«.  24  u  Q^  jf  ti^ere  be  any  flesh,  in  the  skin  whereof  there  is  ta  hotburn- 


b  he.  11. 25.  &  14. 


e  Nu.  12.  10, 12. 
2Ki.5.27.  2Ch. 


29  a 
30 


Part  VIII.]  LAWS  AND  TOKENS  OF  THE  LEPROSY.  199 

ing,  and  the  quick  flesh  that  burneth  have  a  white  bright  spot,  some- 
what reddish,  or  white  ;  -^  then  the  priest  shall  look  upon  it.  And, 
behold,  if  the  hair  in  the  bright  spot  be  turned  white,  and  it  be  in  sight 
deeper  than  the  skin ;  it  is  a  leprosy  broken  out  of  the  burning. 
Wherefore  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  unclean  ;  it  is  the  plague  of 
leprosy.  ^^But  if  the  priest  look  on  it,  and,  behold,  there  be  no  white 
hair  in  the  bright  spot,  and  it  be  no  lower  than  the  other  skin,  but  be 
somewhat  dark  ;  then  the  priest  shall  shut  him  up  seven  days.  2"?  And 
'  the  priest  shall  look  upon  him  the  seventh  day  ;  and  if  it  be  spread 
much  abroad  in  the  skin,  then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  unclean  : 
it  is  the  plague  of  leprosy.  ^'^  And  if  the  bright  spot  stay  m  his  place, 
and  spread  not  in  the  skin,  but  it  be  somewhat  dark  ;  it  is  a  rismg  of  the 
burning,  and  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  clean,  for  it  is  an  inflam- 
mation of  the  burning. 

If  a  man  or  woman  have  a  plague  upon  the  head  or  the  beard ; 
then  the  priest  shall  see  the  plague.  And,  behold,  if  it  be  in  sight 
deeper  than  the  skin ;  and  there  be  in  it  a  yellow  thin  hair,  then  the 
priest  shall  pronounce  him  unclean:  it  is  a  dry  scall,  even  a  leprosy 
upon  the  head  or  beard.  '•"'  And  if  tiie  priest  look  on  the  plague  of  the 
scall,  and,  behold,  it  be  not  in  sight  deeper  than  the  skin,  and  that 
there  is  no  black  hair  in  it ;  then  the  priest  shall  shut  up  him  that  hath 
the  plague  of  the  scall  seven  days.  ^^  And  in  the  seventh  day  the  priest 
shall  look  on  the  plague  ;  and,  behold,  if  the  scall  spread  not,  and 
there  be  in  it  no  yellow  hair,  and  the  scall  be  not  in  sight  deeper  than 
the  skin ;  ^3  he  shall  be  shaven,  but  the  scall  shall  he  not  shave,  and 
the  priest  shall  shut  up  him  that  hath  the  scall  seven  days  more.  ^^  And 
in  the  seventh  day  the  priest  shall  look  on  the  scall;  and,  behold,  if 
the  scall  be  not  spread  in  the  skin,  nor  be  in  sight  deeper  than  the  skin, 
then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  him  clean,  and  he  shall  wash  his  clothes, 
and  be  clean.  ^^  But  if  the  scall  spread  much  in  the  skin  after  his 
cleansing,  ^e  then  the  priest  shall  look  on  him  ;  and,  behold,  if  the  scall 
be  spread  in  the  skin,  the  priest  shall  not  seek  for  yellow  hair,  he  is 
unclean.  =^^  But  if  the  scall  be  in  his  sight  at  a  stay,  and  that  there  is 
black  hair  grown  up  therein  ;  the  scall  is  healed,  he  is  clean,  and  the 
priest  shall  pronounce  him  clean. 

38 "  If  a  man  also  or  a  woman  have  in  the  skin  of  their  flesh  bright 

spots,  even  white  bright  spots,  ^9  then  the  priest  shall  look  ;  and,  behold, 

if  the  bright  spots  in  the  skin  of  their  flesh  be  darkish   white ;  it  is  a 

freckled  spot  that  groweth  in  the  skin,  he  is  clean. 

*iieh.headis  40  u  ^nd  thc  man  whose  *hair  is  fallen  off"  his  head,  he  is  bald,  yet  is 

^"'''^-  he  clean,  ^i  And  he  that  hath  his  hair  fallen  off"  from  the  part  of  his 

head  toward  his  face,  he  is  forehead  bald,  yet  is  he  clean.  ^^  And  if 

there  be  in  the  bald  head,  or  bald  forehead,  a  white  reddish  sore ;  it  is 

a  leprosy  sprung  up  in  his  bald  head,  or  his  bald  forehead.  ^^  Then  the 

priest  shall  look  upon  it ;  and,  behold,  if  the  rising  of  the  sore  be  white 

reddish,  in  his  bald  head,  or  in  his  bald  forehead,  as  the  leprosy  appear- 

eth  in  the  skin  of  the  flesh  ;  ^^  he  is  a  leprous  man,  he  is  unclean  :  the 

priest  shall  pronounce  him  utterly  unclean,  his  plague  is  in  his  head. 

45  "  And  the  leper  in  whom  the  plague  is,  his  clothes  shall  be  rent,  and 

e  Ez.  24. 17, 22.    his  head  bare,  and  he  'shall  put  a  covering  upon  his  upper  lip,  and  shall 

/i!"4''i5.  cry,  ^Unclean  !  unclean  !  ^^  All  the  days  wherein  the  plague  shall  be  in 

^Na.5.2.&i2.  him  he  shall   be  defiled;  he  is  unclean,  he  shall  dwell  alone,  "without 

15. 5. 2  ch  26.    the  camp  shall  his  habitation  be. 

21.  Lu.  17. 12.         47  a  ^he  garment  also  that  the  plague  of  leprosy  is  in,  whether  it  be  a 

woollen  garment,  or  a  linen  garment ;  ^8  whether  it  be  in  the  warp,  or 

t  Heb.  work  of.     woof ;  of  linen,  or  of  woollen  ;  whether  in  a  skin,  or  in  any  tthing  made 

of  skin  ;  ^^  and  if  the  plague  be  greenish  or  reddish  in  the  garment,  or  in 


200 


THE   RITES  IN  CLEANSING  A  LEPER.        [Period  IIL 


t  Heb.  vessel,  or,  the  skiii,  either  in  the  warp,  or  in  the  woof,  or  in  any  tthing  of  skin  ;  it 
"*""'" '  is  a  plague  of  leprosy,  and  shall  be  showed  unto  the  priest.  ''^  And  the 
priest  shall  look  upon  the  plague,  and  shut  up  it  that  hath  the  plague 
seven  days.  ^^  And  he  shall  look  on  the  plague  on  the  seventh  day ;  if 
the  plague  be  spread  in  the  garment,  either  in  the  warp,  or  in  the 
woof,  or  in  a  skin,  or  in  any  work  that  is  made  of  skin  ;  the  plague  is 

A  Le.  14.44.  "a  fretting  loprosy  ;  it  is  unclean.  ^~He  shall  therefore  burn  that  gar- 
ment, whether  warp  or  woof,  in  woollen  or  in  linen,  or  any  thing  of 
skin,  wherein  the  plague  is ;  for  it  is  a  fretting  leprosy,  it  shall  be 
burnt  in  the  fire. 

^^  "  And  if  the  priest  shall  look,  and,  behold,  the  plague  be  not  spread 
in  the  garment,  either  in  the  warp,  or  in  the  woof,  or  in  any  thing  of 
skin  ;  ^^  then  the  priest  shall  command  that  they  wash  the  thing 
wherein  the  plague  is,  and  he  shall  shut  it  up  seven  days  more.  ^  And 
the  priest  shall  look  on  the  plague,  after  that  it  is  washed  ;  and,  behold, 
if  the  plague  have  not  changed  his  color,  and  the  plague  be  not  spread, 

*^taiMM  it  is  unclean,  thou  shall  burn  it  in  the  fire,  it  is  fret  inward  ;  *vvhether 
thereof ,  or  in  the  j^  j^g  bare  wilhiu  or  without.  ^"^And  if  the  priest  look,  and,  behold,  the 
plague  be  somewhat  dark  after  the  washing  of  it ;  then  he  shall  rend 
it  out  of  the  garment,  or  out  of  the  skin,  or  out  of  the  warp,  or  out  of 
the  woof.  ^■^  And  if  it  appear  still  in  the  garment,  either  in  the  warp, 
or  in  the  woof,  or  in  any  thing  of  skin,  it  is  a  spreading  plague  ;  thou 
shalt  burn  that  wherein  the  plague  is  with  fire.  ^^  And  the  garment, 
either  warp,  or  woof,  or  whatsoever  thing  of  skin  it  be,  which  thou 
shalt  wash,  if  the  plague  be  departed  from  them,  then  it  shall  be 
washed  the  second  time,  and  shall  be  clean. 

^^  "  This  is  the  law  of  the  plague  of  leprosy  in  a  garment  of  woollen  or 
linen,  either  in  the  warp,  or  woof,  or  any  thing  of  skins,  to  pronounce 
it  clean,  or  to  pronounce  it  unclean." 


forehead  thereof. 


SECT.  XXIX. 

A.  M.  2514. 

B. C.  1490. 

HiXEs,  1647. 

Sinai. 

a  Mat.  8. 9, 4.  Ma. 

1.  40,  44.  Lu.  5. 

12,  14.  &  17.  14. 
*  Or,  sparrows, 
b  Nu.  19.  6. 
c  He.  9.  19. 
dPs.  51.7. 


e  He.  9.  13. 
/2  Ki.  5.  10,  14. 

t  Heb.  upon  the 
faceofthefidd. 
g  Le.  13.  6. 
ALe.  11.25. 
i  Nu.  12.  15. 


j  Mat.  8. 4.  Ma.  1. 
44.  L.U.  5.  14. 

J  Hel).  the  daugh- 
ter of  her  year. 

k'Le.a.  1.  Nu. 
15.  4,  15. 


Section  XXIX. The  Rites  and  Sacrijices  in  Cleansing  of  a  Leper. 

Lev.  xiv.  1-32. 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  This  shall  be  the  law 
of  the  leper  in  the  day  of  his  cleansing :  lie  "shall  be  brought  unto 
the  priest,  ^  and  the  priest  shall  go  forth  out  of  the  camp,  and  the  priest 
shall  look,  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  of  leprosy  be  healed  in  the  leper, 
'^  then  shall  the  priest  command  to  take  for  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed 
two  *birds  alive  and  clean,  and  'cedar  wood,  and  'scarlet,  and  ''hyssop, 
^  and  the  priest  shall  command  that  one  of  the  birds  be  killed  in  an 
earthen  vessel  over  running  water.  ^  As  for  the  living  bird,  he  shall  take 
it,  and  the  cedar  wood,  and  the  scarlet,  and  the  hyssop,  and  shall  dip 
thein  and  the  living  bird  in  the  blood  of  the  bird  tliat  was  killed  over 
the  running  water  ;  "  and  he  shall  'sprinkle  upon  him  that  is  to  be 
cleansed  from  the  leprosy  •'seven  times,  and  shall  pronounce  iiim  clean, 
and  shall  let  the  living  bird  loose  tinto  the  open  field. 

**'•  And  he  that  is  to  be  cleansed  "shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  shave 
otr  all  his  hair,  ''and  wash  himself  in  water,  that  he  may  be  clean  ;  and 
after  that  he  shall  come  into  the  camp,  and  'shall  tarry  abroad  out  of 
his  tent  seven  days.  ^But  it  shall  be  on  the  seventh  day,  that  he 
shall  shave  all  his  hair  oft'  his  head  and  his  beard  and  his  eyebrows, 
even  all  his  hair  he  shall  shave  oft";  and  he  shall  wash  his  clothes, 
also  he  shall  wash  his  flesh  in  water,  and  he  shall  be  clean. 

^0 "  And  on  the  eighth  day  •''he  shall  take  two  he  lambs  without 
blemish,  and  one  ewe  lamb  tof  the  first  year  without  blemish,  and 
three  tenth  deals  of  fine  flour  for  *a  meat  oftering,  mingled  with  oil, 
and  one  log  of  oil.  ^^  And  the  ])riest  that  niaketh  him  clean  shall  pre- 
sent the  man  that  is  to  be   made  clean,  and  those  things,  before  the 


Part  VIH.l  THE  RITES  IN  CLEANSING  A   LEPER.  201 


I  he.  5.  2,  18.  &. 

6.  6,  7 


24. 
o  Le.  7.  7. 
p  he.  2.  3.  &  7.  6. 


s  Le.  5. 
12.  7. 


Lord,  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  ^^  And  the 
priest  sliall  take  one  he  lamb,  and  'offer  him   for  a   trespass  offering, 
mEx'.  29. 24.       and  tlic  log  of  oil,  and  "'wave  them    for  a   wave   offering   before   the 
"h 5,'  11." &4.^^'  Lord.   ^^ And    he  shall  slay  the  lamb  "in  the  place  where  he  shall  kill 
the  sin  offering  and  the   burnt  offering,  in  the  holy  place :   for  °as  the 
sin  offering  is  the  priest's,  so  is  the  trespass  offering ;  ''it  is  most  holy. 
&  21.  22.  14  And  the  priest  shall  take  some  of  the  blood  of  the  trespass  offering, 

"s^lb^^'  ^"  ^^'  ^"^  t^6  priest  shall  put  it  'upon  the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  him  that 
is  to  be  cleansed,  and  upon  the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the 
great  toe  of  his  right  foot.  ^^  Ancl  the  priest  shall  take  some  of  the  log 
of  oil,  and  pour  it  into  the  palm  of  his  own  left  hand.  ^^  And  the 
priest  shall  dip  his  right  finger  in  the  oil  that  is  in  his  left  hand,  and 
shall  sprinkle  of  the  oil  with  his  finger  seven  times  before  the  Lord. 
^~  And  of  the  rest  of  the  oil  that  is  in  his  hand  shall  the  priest  put  upon 
the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed,  and  upon  the 
thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the  great  toe  of  his  right  foot,  upon 
the  blood  of  the  trespass  offering.  ^^  And  the  remnant  of  the  oil  that  is 
in  the  priest's  hand  he  shall  jDour  upon  the  head  of  him  that  is  to  be 
cleansed  ;  "^and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement  for  him  before  the 
Lord.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  offer  'the  sin  offering,  and  make  an  atone- 
ment for  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed  from  his  uncleanness ;  and  after- 
ward he  shall  kill  the  burnt  offering.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  offer  the 
burnt  offering  and  the  meat  offering  upon  the  altar  ;  and  the  priest 
shall  make  an  atonement  for  him,  and  he  shall  be  clean. 
1 1.6.5. 7.  &  J2. 8.       9]  a  ^nd  'if  he  be  poor,  and  *cannot  get  so  much  ;  then  he  shall  take 

*  Heb.  his  hand  i  i      ^  rr'      ■  i  i  1 

reach  not.  ouc  lamb  for  a  trespass  offering  tto  be  waved,  to  make  an  atonement 

1  ^^^^- /<"■  a  wav-  for  iiim,  and  one  tenth  deal  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat 
u  he.  13. 8.  &  15.  offering,  and  a  log  of  oil ;  ^^  and  two  "turtledoves,  or  two  young  pigeons, 
'  "■  such  as  he  is  able  to  get ;  and  the  one  shall  be  a  sin  offering,  and  the 

other  a  burnt  offering.  ^^  And  he  shall  bring  them  on  the  eighth  day 
for  his  cleansing  unto  the  priest,  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation,  before  the  Lord.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  take  the  lamb  of 
the  trespass  offering,  and  the  log  of  oil,  and  the  priest  shall  wave  them 
for  a  wave  offering  before  the  Lord.  ^^  And  he  shall  kill  the  lamb  of 
the  trespass  offering,  and  the  priest  shall  take  some  of  the  blood  of  the 
trespass  offering,  and  put  it  upon  the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  him  that  is 
to  be  cleansed,  and  upon  the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the 
great  toe  of  his  right  foot.  ~^  And  the  priest  shall  pour  of  the  oil  into 
the  palm  of  his  own  left  hand.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  sprinkle  with 
his  right  finger  some  of  the  oil  that  is  in  his  left  hand  seven  times  be- 
fore the  Lord.  ~^  And  the  priest  shall  put  of  the  oil  that  is  in  his  hand 
upon  the  tip  of  the  right  ear  of  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed,  and  upon 
the  thumb  of  his  right  hand,  and  upon  the  great  toe  of  his  right  foot, 
upon  the  place  of  the  blood  of  the  trespass  offering.  ^^  And  the  rest  of 
the  oil  that  is  in  the  priest's  hand  he  shall  put  upon  the  head  of  him 
that  is  to  be  cleansed,  to  make  an  atonement  for  him  before  the  Lord. 
t.  ver.  22.  30  ^nd  hc  shall  offer  the  one  of  "the  turtledoves,  or  of  the  young  pigeons, 

such  as  he  can  get,  ^^  (even  such  as  he  is  able  to  get,  the  one  for  a  sin 
offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt  offering,  with  the  meat  offering ;) 
and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement  for  him  that  is  to  be  cleansed 
before  the  Lord. 

^^  "  This  is  the  law  of  him  in  whom  is  the  plague  of  leprosy,  whose 
wvor.  10.  hand  is  not  able  to  get  "that  which  pertaineth  to  his  cleansing." 

VOL.  I.  26 


202  •  THE  SIGNS  OF  LEPROSY  IN  A  HOUSE.  [Period  III. 

SECT.  XXX.     Section  XXX. The  Signs  of  Leprosy  in  a  House; — Laws   for  the 

—  Cleansing. 

A.   M.   2514.  ,  .       „^       "  , 

B.  C.  1490.  Lev.  XIV.  33,  to  the  end. 

iULEs,  1647  33  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying,  ^  "  When 

sinai.         a^^  Y,Q  come   into  the  land  of  Canaan,  which  I  give  to  you  for  a  pos- 

aGe.  12. 7.  Nu.    scssion,  and  I  put  the  plague  of  leprosy  in  a  house  of  the  land  of  your 

&*3-^49°^'  ^'  ^'  possession  ;  ^^  and  he  that  owneth  the  house   shall  come  and  tell  the 

jps.  91.10.  Pr.    priest,  saving,  It  seemeth  to  me   there  is  as  it  were  'a  plague  in  the 

*%Tre"ri^'    house.  ^e'Thcu  the  priest  shall  command  that  they  *empty  the  house, 

before  the  priest  go  into  it  to  see  the  plague,  that  all  that  is  in  the  house 

be  not  made  unclean  ;  and  afterward  the  priest  shall  go  in  to  see  the 

house.  ^^  And  he  shall  look  on  the  plague,  and,  behold,  if  the  plague 

be  in  the  walls  of  the  house  with  hollow  strakes,  greenish  or  reddish, 

which  in  sight  are  lower  than  the  wall ;  ^^  then  the  priest  shall  go  out 

of  the  house  to  the  door  of  the  house,  and  shut  up  the  house  seven 

days.  ^^  And   the   priest  shall  come  again  the  seventh  day,  and  shall 

look  ;  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  be  spread  in  the  walls  of  the  house, 

■*"  then  the  priest  shall   command  tliat  they  take  away  the   stones  in 

which  the  plague  is,  and   they  shall  cast  them  into  an  unclean  place 

without  the  city.  '^^  And  he  shall  cause  the  house  to  be  scraped  within 

round  about,  and   they  shall  pour  out  the  dust  that   they  scrape  ofi' 

without  the  city  into   an  unclean  place.  **2  And   they  shall  take  other 

stones,  and  put  them  in  the  place  of  those  stones ;  and  he  shall  take 

other  mortar,  and  shall  plaster   the  house.  ^'^  And  if  the  plague  come 

again,  and  break  out  in  the  house,  after  that  he  hath  taken  away  the 

stones,  and  after  he  hath  scraped  the  house,  and  after  it  is   plastered  ; 

^*  then  the  priest  shall  come  and  look,  and,  behold,  if  the  plague  be 

cLc.  13.  51.  Ze.  spread  in  the  house,  it  is  'a  fretting  leprosy  in  the  house  ;  it  is  unclean. 

^'^'  ''^  And  he  shall  break  down  the  house,  the  stones  of  it,  and  t!  -  timber 

thereof,  and  all  the  mortar  of  the  house  ;  and  he  shall  carry  them  forth 

out  of  the  city  into  an  unclean  place.  '^^  Moreover  he  that  goeth  into 

the  house  all  the  while  that  it  is  shut  up  shall  be  unclean  until  the 

even.  "*"  And  he  that  lieth  in  the  house  shall  wash  his  clothes ;  and  he 

that  eateth  in  the  house  shall  wash  his  clothes. 

^^thauc^iwlf       ^®"  And  if  the  priest  TsJiall  come  in,  and  look  upon  it,  and,  behold, 

*''^-  '  the  plague  hath  not  spread  in  the  house,  after  the  house  was  plastered  ; 

then  the  priest  shall  pronounce  the  house  clean,  because  the  plague  is 

<iver.4.  healed.  -^'^  And  ''he  shall  take  to  cleanse  the  house  two  birds,  and  cedar 

wood,  and  scarlet,  and  hyssop.  ^°  And  he  shall  kill  the  one  of  the  birds 

in  an  earthen  vessel  over  running  water.  ^^  And  he  shall  take  the  cedar 

wood,  and  the  hyssop,  and  the  scarlet,  and  the  living  bird,  and  dip  them 

*'"-f°-  ^         in  the  blood  of  the  slain  bird,  and  in  the  running  water,  and  sprinkle 

■^  L^e."?.       the  house  seven  times.  ^~  And  he  shall  cleanse  the  house  with  the  blood 

Aver. 34.  ^f  ^j^g  bird,  and  with  the  running  water,  and  with  the  living  bird,  and 

\^'eh^^m>ia,j   with  the  cedar  wood,  and  with  the  hyssop,  and  with  the  scarlet;  "^^but 

aniliXrf«rV  '^^  ^'^^^^  '^^  S*^  ^''^  living  bird  out  of  the  city  into  the  open  fields,  and 

"^r/L..  De.24.  'make  an  atonement  for  the  house,  and  it  shall  be  clean. 

8.EZ.44.23.  .^^^  ^j^.^  .^  ^j^^  j^^^  ^^^  ^jj  j^^^jjj^^r  Qf  plague  of  Icprosy,  and  ^scall, 

-"^^and    for  the  ^leprosy  of  a  garment,  'and  of  a  house,  ^''and  'for  a 
SECT.  XXXI.    rising,  and  for  a  scab,  and  for  a  bright  spot ;.  '^^  to  teach  twhen  it  is 
A.  yul'iu.      unclean,  and  when  it  is  clean  :  this  is  the  law  of  leprosy."' 

Hales.  1647.        SECTION  XXXI.— O/  the  Unclcanncss   of  3Icn  and  Women  ;— Lairs  for 
Sinai.  their  Cleansing. 

Lev.  XV. 

"t^^-fsl' 2.%.       ^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  to  Aaron,  saying,  ^  "  Speak 
I'-i''Lu'?'8.^43:  «nt«  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  "When  any  man  hath 


Part  VIII.]  OF  THE   UNCLEANNESS   OF  MEN  AND  WOMEN.  203 

*or,nmniascf   ^  *running  issue  out  of  his  flesh,  because  of  his  issue  he   is  unclean. 
"  '"'''"'■  3  ^j-,(j  ^]^jg  gj^aii  i3e  i^ig  uncleanness  in  his  issue  ;  whether  his  flesh  run 

with  his  issue,  or  his  flesh  be  stopped  from  liis  issue,  it  is  his  unclean- 
ness. "^  Every  bed,  whereon   he  lieth  that  hath  the   issue,  is  unclean  ; 
\  tteh.  vessel.       ^,-,(j  evcry  tthing,  whereon  he  sitteth,  shall  be  unclean.  ^And  whoso- 
*  Le.  n.  25.  &     gygj.  toucheth  his  bed  shall  wash  his  clothes,  'and  bathe   himself  in 
water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^  And  he   that  sitteth  on  any 
thing  whereon  he  sat  that  hath  the  issue  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and 
bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  '''  And  he  that 
toucheth  the  flesh  of  him  that  hath  the  issue   shall  wash  his  clothes, 
and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^And  if 
he  that  hath  the  issue  spit  upon  him  that  is  clean  ;  then  he  shall  wash 
his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 
^  And  what  saddle  soever  he  rideth  upon  that  hath  the  issue  shall  be 
unclean.  ^^  And  whosoever  toucheth  any  thing  that  was  under  him 
shall  be  unclean   until  the   even  ;  and  he  that  beareth  any  of  those 
things  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  un- 
clean until  the  even.  ^^  And   whomsoever  he  toucheth  that  hath  the 
issue,  and  hath  not  rinsed  his  hands  in  water,  he  shall  wash  his  clothes, 
cLe.^6.28.&ii.  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^^  And 'the 
'    '  vessel  of  earth,  that  he  toucheth  which  hath  the  issue,  shall  be  broken  ; 

and  every  vessel  of  wood  shall  be  rinsed  in  water. 
d  Le.  14. 8.  13  u  ^j-,jj  ^^g^  ],g  ^j^^t  hath  an  issue  is  cleansed  of  his  issue  ;  then  ''he 

shall  number  to  himself  seven   days  for  his   cleansing,  and  wash  his 
clothes,  and  bathe  his  flesh  in  running  water,  and  shall  be  clean.  ^^  And 
e  Le.  14. 22, 23.    q,^  ^\-^q  eighth  day  he  shall  take  to  him  'two  turtledoves,  or  two  young 
pigeons,  and  come  before  the  Lord  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of 
the  congregation,  and  give  them  unto  the  priest.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall 
/Le.  14.30,31.    ^fj-gj.  them,  ^the  one  for  a  sin  offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt  offer- 
s' Le- 14. 19, 31.    jj-,g  .  ?a,nd  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement  for  him  before  the  Lobd 

for  his  issue. 
''  Le.  22. 4.  De.        16  a  ^^(j  Ajf  any  mau's  sccd  of  copulation  go  out  from  him,  then  he 
shall  wash  all  his  flesh  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^"^  And 
every  garment,  and  every  skin,  whereon  is  the  seed  of  copulation,  shall 
be  washed  with  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^^  The  woman 
also  with  whom  man  shall  lie  with  seed  of  copulation,  they  shall  both 
tisa.21.4.        bathe  themselves  in  water,  and  'be  unclean  until  the  even. 
jLe.  12. 2.  19  a  And  ^if  a  woman  have  an  issue,  and  her  issue  in  her  flesh   be 

*ara"^"^*^^"  blood,  shc  shall  be  tput  apart  seven  days  ;  and  whosoever  toucheth  her 
shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^^  And  every  thing  that  she  lieth  upon 
in  her  separation  shall  be  unclean  ;  every  thing  also  that  she  sitteth 
upon  shall  be  unclean.  ^^  And  whosoever  toucheth  her  bed  shall  wash 
his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 
22  And  whosoever  toucheth  any  thing  that  she  sat  upon  shall  wash  his 
clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 
2^  And  if  it  be  on  her  bed,  or  on  any  thing  whereon  she  sitteth,  when  he 
ft  See  Le.  20. 18.  touchcth  it,  he  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  "^^  And  ^"if  any  man  lie 
with  her  at  all,  and  her  flowers  be  upon  him,  he  shall  be  unclean 
seven  days  ;  and  all  the  bed  whereon  he  lieth  shall  be  unclean.  ^^  And 
I  See  ver.  2.  jf  i^  womau  havc  an  issue  of  her  blood  many  days  out  of  the  time  of 
her  separation,  or  if  it  run  beyond  the  time  of  her  separation  ;  all  the 
days  of  the  issue  of  her  uncleanness  shall  be  as  the  days  of  her  separa- 
tion, she  shall  be  unclean.  '^^  Every  bed  whereon  she  lieth  all  the  days  of 
her  issue  shall  be  unto  her  as  the  bed  of  her  separation  ;  and  whatsoever 
she  sitteth  upon  shall  be  unclean,  as  the  uncleanness  of  her  separation. 
'^''  And  whosoever  toucheth  those  things  shall  be  unclean,  and  shall  wash 
his  clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even. 


204  THE  SACRIFICES  FOR  ATONEMENT.  [Period  III. 

"'  ^6'- 13-  28  a  3yt  ""jf  gj^g  J3g  cleansed  of  her  issue,  then  she  shall  number  to  her- 

self seven  days,  and  after  that  she  shall  be  clean.  ~^  And  on  the  eighth 
day  she  shall  take  unto  her  two  turtles,  or  two  young  pigeons,  and 
bring  them  unto  the  priest,  to  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 
gregation. ^^  And  the  priest  shall  offer  the  one  for  a  sin  offering,  and 
the  other  for  a  burnt  offering ;  and  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement 
for  her  before  the  Lord  for  the  issue  of  her  uncleanness. 


Le.  11.  47.  De. 


8.EZ.44.23.       31  u  Thus  shall  ye  "separate  the  children  of  Israel  from  their  unclean- 


0  Nu.  5.  3.  & 


i3,2o."E'z.5.ii.  ness ;  that  they  die   not  in  their  uncleanness,  when   they  "defile  my 
fc'23.38.  tabernacle  that  is  among  them. 

^^  "  This  ^is  the  law  of  him  that  hath  an  issue,  'and  of  him  whose  seed 

goeth  from  him,  and  is  defiled  therewith  ;  ^-^  and  "^of  her  that  is  sick  of 

■^'  her  flowers,  and  of  him  that  hath  an  issue,  of  the   man,  "and  of  the 


p  ver.  2 
g  ver.  16. 
r  ver.  19. 


r.  24. 


woman,  and  'of  him  that  lieth  with  her  that  is  unclean. 


b  E\.  30.  10.-  Le, 
23.  27.  Ho.  9.  7 
&  10.  19. 


e  Le.  4.  3. 


SECT.  xxxn.  Section  XXXII. — Law  of  the  Sacrifices  for  Atonement. 
Lev.  xvi. 

A.  AI.  2514.  fjg^  ii^g  i^igj^  priest  must  enter  into  the  holy  place.     11  The  sin  offering  for  himself.     15  Tlie  sin 

B.  0.    1490.  offering  ftrr  the  people.     20  The  scapegoat.     29  The  yearlij  feast  of  the  e.xpiatio7is. 

Hales,  1647.         i  ^^^  ^j^^  LoRD  spakc  unto  Moscs  after  "the  death  of  the  two  sons 

sina^.         of  Aaron,  when   they  offered  before   the  Lord,  and  died;  ^ and  the 

Le.  10. 1,2.       Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Speak  unto  Aaron  thy  brother,  that  he  'come 

not  at  all  times  into  the  holy  place   within  the  veil  before  the  mercy 

seat  which  is  upon  the  ark,  that  he  die  not ;  for  'I  will  appear  in  the 

4o!'34fiKi.8.     cloud  upou  the  mercy  seat.  =^Thus  shall  Aaron  "come  into  the  holy 

ioii2.  place  ;  Svith  a  young  bullock  for  a  sin  offering,  and  a  ram  for  a  burnt 

rH„  Q  7  iQ  Q4   ^^^-^^.j^^g^  4  jj^  gj^^^jj  ^^^  OH  ^tlic  holy  lluen  coat,  and  he  shall  have  the 

linen  breeches  upon  his  flesh,  and  shall  be  girded  with  a  linen  girdle, 

•''4^f"L^:  iSo!'    and  with  the  linen  mitre  shall  he  be  attired :  these  are  holy  garments  ; 

^Ei^3o"o^Le   therefore  'shall  he  wash  his  flesh  in  water,  and  so  put  them  on.  ^  And 

^e.l',7.'    '    ^'  he  shall  take  of  "the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  two  kids  of 

*Nr29*iL2Ch.  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering,  and  one  ram  for  a  burnt  oflering. 

17' Ez  4"^22'         ^"  ^"^  Aaron  shall  offer  his  bullock  of  the  sin  offering,  which  is  for 

23!   ^'  "'    '     himself,  and  'make  an  atonement  for  himself,  and  for  his  house.  "^  And 

'2!&7.27*^&.&  ^^  ^'^^^1  take  the  two  goats,  and  present  them  before  the  Lord  at  the 

9- 7-  "    '         door  of  the  tabernacle   of  the  congregation.  ^  And   Aaron  shall  cast 

lots  upon  the  two  goats  ;  one  lot  for  the  Lord,  and  the   other  lot  for 

*  Heb.  Azazd.      tj^g  *scapegoat.  ^  And  Aaron  shall  bring  the    goat  upon    which    the 

\Heb.  went  vp.     Lord's  lot  tfell.  and  offer  him  for  a  sin  offering.  ^^  But  the  goat,  on 

which  the  lot  fell  to  be  the  scapegoat,  shall  be  presented  alive  before 

jiJohn2.2.       the  Lord,  to  make  ^an  atonement  with  him,  and  to  let  him   go  for  a 

scapegoat  into  the  wilderness. 

11 "  And  Aaron  shall  bring  the  bullock  of  the  sin  offering,  which  is 
for  himself,  and  shall  make  an  atonement  for  himself,  and  for  his 
house,  and  shall  kill  the  bullock  of  the  sin  offering  which  is  for  him- 
self. i~  And  he  shall  take  '^a  censer  full  of  burning  coals  of  fire  from 
off  the  altar  before  the  Lord,  and  iiis  Jiands  full  of  'sweet  incense 
beaten  small,  and  bring  it  within  the  veil.  ^^  And  '"lie  shall  put  the  in- 
cense upon  the  fire  before  the  Lord,  that  the  cloud  of  the  incense  may 
cover  the  "mercy  seat  that  is  upon  the  testimony,  that  he  die  not.  !■*  And 
°he  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the  bullock,  and  'sprinkle  it  with  his 
finger  upon  the  mercy  seat  eastward  ;  and  before  the  mercy  seat  shall 
he  sprinkle  of  the  blood  with  his  finger  seven  times. 

1^  "  Then  'shall  he  kill  the  goat  of  the  sin  offering,  that  is  for  the 
people,  and  bring  his  blood  'within  the  veil,  and  do  with  that  blood  as 
he  did  witli  the  blood  of  the  bullock,  and  sprinkle  it  upon  the  mercy 
See  Ex.  29. 36.  seat,  and  before  the  mercy  seat :  ^^  and  he  shall  'make  an  atonement 
f"^'^^^'  "^"    for  the  holy  place,  because  of  the  uncleanness  of  the  children  of  Israel, 


k  Le.  10.  1. 
16.  18,  46. 
8.5. 

Nu. 
Re. 

/  Ex.  30.  3^ 

m  Ex.  30.  1 
Nu.  16.7, 
46.  Re.  8. 

,7,  8. 
1% 

nEx.  25.21. 

0  Le.  4.  5.  He.  9. 
13,  25.  &  10.  4. 

p  Le.  4.  6. 

9  He.  2.  17 
2.  &  9.  7, 

.  &5. 
28. 

r  He.  6.  19 
3,  7,  12. 

.  &  9. 

Part  VIII.] 


BLOOD  TO  BE  OFFERED  TO  THE  LORD. 


205 


I  Heb.  dwclleth. 


u  Ex.  30.  10.  Le. 
4.  7,  18.  He.  9. 
■22,  -23. 


w  Ez.  45.  20. 


X  Is.  53.  6. 

*  Heb.  a  man  of 
opportunity, 
y  Is.  53.  11,  12. 


f  Heb.  of  separa- 
tion. 

I  Ez.  42.  14.  &: 
44.  19. 


c  Le.  4.  12,  21.  & 
6.  30.  He.  13. 11. 


d  Ex.  30.  10.  Le. 
23.  27.  Nu.  29. 7. 
Is.  58.  3,  5.  Da. 
10.  3,  12. 


ePs.  51.  2.  Je. 

33.  8.  Ep.  5.  26. 

He.  9.  13,  14.  & 

10.  1,2.  IJohn 

1.  7,  y. 
/  Le.  23.  3-3. 
g  Le.  4.  3,  5,  16. 
I  Heh.  fill  his 


ALe.23.  31.  Nu. 

29.  7. 
i  Ex.  30.  10.  He. 

9.  7,  25. 


SECT.  xxxm. 

\.  M.  2514. 

B.  C.  1490. 

Hales,  1647. 

Sinai. 


and  because  of  their  transgressions  in  all  their  sins ;  and  so  shall  he  do 
for  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  that  tremaineth  among  them 
in  the  midst  of  their  uncleanness.  ^"^  And  'there  shall  be  no  man  in  the 
tabernacle  of  the  congregation  when  he  goeth  in  to  make  an  atone- 
ment in  the  holy  place,  until  he  come  out,  and  have  made  an  atone- 
ment for  himself,  and  for  his  household,  and  for  all  the  congregation 
of  Israel.  ^^  And  he  shall  go  out  unto  the  altar  that  is  before  the  Lord, 
and  "make  an  atonement  for  it ;  and  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the 
bullock,  and  of  the  blood  of  the  goat,  and  put  it  upon  the  horns  of  the 
altar  round  about.  -^  And  he  shall  sprinkle  of  the  blood  upon  it  with 
his  finger  seven  times,  and  cleanse  it,  and  "hallow  it  from  the  unclean- 
ness of  the  children  of  Israel. 

20 "  And  when  he  hath  made  an  end  of  "reconciling  the  holy  place, 
and  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  the  altar,  he  shall  bring 
the  live  goat.  ^'  And  Aaron  shall  lay  both  his  hands  upon  the  head  of 
the  live  goat,  and  confess  over  him  all  the  iniquities  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  and  all  their  transgressions  in  all  their  sins,  ""putting  them  upon 
the  head  of  the  goat,  and  shall  send  him  away  by  the  hand  of  *a  fit 
man  into  the  wilderness  :  ^^  and  the  goat  shall  "bear  upon  him  all  their 
iniquities  unto  a  land  tnot  inhabited  ;  and  he  shall  let  go  the  goat  in 
the  wilderness. 

23  "  And  Aaron  shall  come  into  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation, 
'and  shall  put  off  the  linen  garments,  which  he  put  on  when  he  went 
into  the  holy  place,  and  shall  leave  them  there.  ^4  And  he  shall  wash 
his  flesh  with  water  in  the  holy  place,  and  put  on  his  garments,  and 
come  forth,  and  offer  his  burnt  offering,  and  the  burnt  offering  of  the 
people,  and  make  an  atonement  for  himself,  and  for  the  people.  ^5  And 
"the  fat  of  the  sin  offering  shall  he  burn  upon  the  altar. 

26  "  And  he  that  let  go  the  goat  for  the  scapegoat  shall  wash  his 
clothes,  and  ''bathe  his  flesh  in  water,  and  afterward  come  into  the 
camp.  -''  And  'the  bullock  for  the  sin  offering,  and  the  goat  for  the 
sin  offering,  whose  blood  was  brought  in  to  make  atonement  in  the 
holy  place,  shall  one  carry  forth  without  the  camp  ;  and  they  shall 
burn  in  the  fire  their  skins,  and  their  flesh,  and  their  dung.  ^^  And  he 
that  burneth  them  shall  wash  his  clothes,  and  bathe  his  flesh  in  water, 
and  afterward  he  shall  come  into  the  camp. 

29  '<  And  this  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  unto  you  ;  that  ''in  the  seventh 
month,  on  the  tenth  day  of  the  month,  ye  shall  afl3ict  your  souls,  and 
do  no  work  at  all,  whether  it  be  one  of  your  own  country,  or  a  stranger 
that  sojourneth  among  you,  '^^  For  on  that  day  shall  the  priest  make 
an  atonement  for  you,  to  'cleanse  you,  that  ye  may  be  clean  from  all 
your  sins  before  the  Lord.  ^^  It  -^shafl  be  a  Sabbath  of  rest  unto  you, 
and  ye  shall  afllict  your  souls,  by  a  statute  for  ever.  ^2  And  ^the  priest, 
whom  he  shall  anoint,  and  whom  he  shall  tconsecrate  to  minister  in 
the  priest's  office  in  his  father's  stead,  shall  make  the  atonement,  and 
shall  put  on  the  linen  clothes,  even  the  holy  garments.  ^^  And  he  shall 
make  an  atonement  for  the  holy  Sanctuary,  and  he  shall  make  an 
atonement  for  the  Tabernacle  of  the  Congregation,  and  for  the  Altar, 
and  he  shall  make  an  atonement  for  the  Priests,  and  for  all  the  People 
of  the  Congregation.  ^^  And  ''this  shall  be  an  everlasting  statute  unto 
you,  to  make  an  atonement  for  the  children  of  Israel  for  all  their  sins 
'once  a  year."  And  he  did  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

Sect.  XXXIII. Blood  to  be  offered  to  the  Lord; — Its  eating  forbidden. 

Lev.  xvii. 

The  blood  of  all  slain  beasts  mvst  he  offered  to  the  Lord  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle.     7  They  must 


or  oft 
'  all  th 


not  offer  to  devils.     10  All  eating  of  blood  is  forbidden,  15  a7id  all  that  dieth  alone,  or  is  torn. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ~  "  Speak  unto  Aaron,  and 

r 


they  may  bring  them  unto  the  Lord,  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle 

3iVu'i8'^^'  <^f  t'lG  congregation,  unto  the  priest,  and  offer  them  for  peace  offerings 

unto  the  Lord.  ^  And  the  -Spriest  shall  sprinkle  the  blood  upon  the  altar 


206  UNLAWFUL  MARRIAGES  AND  LUSTS.  [Period  IlL 

unto  his  sons,  and  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them  ; 

aSeeDe.  12. 5,  This  is  the   thing  which  the  Lord  hath  comnianded,  saying,  ^  What 

bUe.  12.6  13  14.  ^^^  socver  there  be  of  the  house  of  Israel,  "that  killeth  an  ox,  or  lamb, 

c  Ro.  5. 13.  '  or  goat,  in  the  camp,  or  that  killeth  it  out  of  the  camp,  ^  and  'bringeth 

dGe.  17. 14.  jj  j^Qj  yj^^Q  ^]^g  ^QQj.   Qf  ^j^g  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  to  offer  an 

*23!"2.&3i.54.  offering  unto  the  Lord  before  the  tabernacle  of  the  Lord  ;  blood  'shall 

M^'al.l Ki.'^i'e.  be  imputed  unto  that  man,  he  hath  shed  blood,  ''and  that  man  shall  be 

2'ch.28.^4.'Ez.  cut  off  from  among  his  people  ;  ^to  the  end  that  the  children  of  Israel 

20. 28.  &. 22. 9.  niay  bring  their  sacrifices,  'which  they  offer  in  the  open  field,  even  that 

^Kx.29.  18.  Le. 

•J.5,  ll,l(j.  "    ' 

H.  .\u.  18. 
ft  De.  3-2.  17 

io6.''37.^i  co.^^'  of  the  Lord  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  ^burn 
10. 20.  Re.  9.20.  tj^e  fat  for  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord.  "^  And  they  shall  no  more  offer 
'^^'a^De.^si.^e!  their  sacrifices  ''unto  devils,  after  whom  they  'have  gone  a  whoring. 
Ez.  23. 8.  rpj^jg  gj^j^ji  j^g  ^  statute  for  ever  unto  them  throughout  their  generations. 

1  Ge. 9. 4'.  Le.  3.  ^  "  And  thou  shalt  .say  unto  them.  Whatsoever  man  there  be  of  the 
house  of  Israel,  or  of  the  strangers  which  sojourn  among  you,  ■'that 
offereth  a  burnt  offering  or  sacrifice,  ^and  bringeth  it  not  unto  the  door 
of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  to  offer  it  unto  the  Lord  ;  even 
that  man  shall  be  cut  off  from  among  his  people. 
Ma.  14. 24.  Ro.  10  a  \i^f[  ^whatsoever  man  there  be  of  the  house  of  Israel,  or  of  the 
'  "'  '  '  '  strangers  that  sojourn  among  you,  that  eateth  any  manner  of  blood; 
'I  will  even  set  my  face  against  that  soul  that  eateth  blood,  and  w-ill 
cut  him  off  from  among  his  people.  ^^  For  the  life  of  the  flesh  is  in 
ueh^that  hmit-  the  blood,  and  I  have  given  it  to  you  upon  the  altar  "to  make  an 
Le.'7"'-'26.""^"'^'  atonement  for  your  souls  ;  "for  it  is  the  blood  that  maketh  an  atone- 
0  De.  12.  iG,  24.  ment  for  the  soul.  ^^  Therefore  I  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  '  No 
v%l%T.'7.  soul  of  you  shall  eat  blood,  neither  shall  any  stranger  that  sojourneth 
5  See  Ge.  9. 4.      amoug  you  eat  blood.'  ^^  And  whatsoever  man  there  be  of  the  children 


17.  &.7.  26,  27. 

ii.  19.26.  De.  12. 

16,  23.  &  15.23. 

1  Sa.  14.  33.  Ez. 

44.7. 
I  See  Ge.  9.  4. 
m  Mat.  26.  28. 


.  7.  Col.  1.  14 
20.  Ho.  13.  12. 
1  Pc.  1.  2.  1  Jo. 
1.7.  Re.  1.  5. 
n  He.  9.  22, 


t  Heb.  a  carcass,  and  catchcth  any  beast  or  fowl  that  may  be  eaten  ;  he  shall  even  "pour 
lil'.ll'.s^'  ^^^  t'i6  blood  thereof,  and  ^cover  it  with  dust.  ^"^ For  'it  is  the  life  of 
« Le. s.'i'.iL 7.  all  flesh,  the  blood  of  it  is  for  the  life  thereof ;  therefore  I  said  unto  the 
19:  l).^^'^'  '''"■  children  of  Israel,  '  Ye  shall  eat  the  blood  of  no  manner  of  flesh,'  for  the 

life  of  all  flesh  is  the  blood  thereof;  whosoever  eateth  it  shall  be  cut  off. 

1^  "  And  "every  soul  that  eateth  tthat  which  died  of  itself,  or  that 

■ ■  which  was  torn  with  beasts,  whether  it  be  one  of  your  own  country,  or 

A.  M.2514.      a  stranger,  'he  shall  both  wash  his  clothes,  'and  bathe  himself  in  water, 

iUL^'3^1647      and  be  unclean   until  the  even;  then  shall  he   be  clean,  i*^ But  if  he 

^sTn'ai.         wash  them  not,  nor  bathe  his  flesh ;  then  "he  shall  bear  his  iniquity." 

^f^fe  "19  4^10^"  Section  XXXI V .—  Unlmoful  3Iarriages ;—  Unlaufid  Lusts. 

34.  &  20.  7!  Ez.  Lev.  xviii. 

6~Ez.  20.' 7, 8.  &        ^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  -"  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

cEi  ^23.24.  Le.    ^^6"  ^^  Isracl.  and  say  unto  them,  "I  am   the  Lord  your  God.  "After 

V23.be.' 12. 4,  Hhe  doings  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  wherein  ye  dwelt,  shall  ye  not  do; 

dSie.\.  i,2.&6.  'and  after  the  doings  of  the  land  of  Canaan,  whither  I  bring  you,  shall 

e  Ez^2/ n^^i3     y^  "^^  ^" '  "either"  shall  ye  walk  in  their  ordinances.  '^  Ye  "shall  do 

21.  Lu.' 10.' 28.'    my  judgments,  and  keep  mine  ordinances,  to  walk  therein  ;  I  am  the 

Ro.  10. 5.  Ga.  3.  j^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^j    5  Y^  ^l^^jj  therefore  keep  my  statutes,  and  my  judg- 

/ Ex.  6^.  2, 6, 29.    nients,  'which  if  a  man  do,  he  shall  live  in  them  ;  ^l  am  the  Lord. 

*  Heb.  remainder       ^  "  Nouc  of  you  shall  approach  to  any  that  is  *near  of  kin  to  him,  to 

fi!!c!i^n.        uncover   their  "nakedness  :  I  am   the  Lord.   '  The  ^'nakedness  of  thy 

ftGe.'49.4."Le.    father,  or  the  nakedness  of  thy  mother,  shalt  thou  not  uncover:  she 

30: &2?.2(hEz.  is  thy  mother,  thou  shalt  not  uncover  her  nakedness.  ^The  '"naked- 

22^^o  Am.2.7.  ^ggg  ^f  ^j^y  father's  wife   shalt   thou  not  uncover:  it  is  thy  father's 


Part  VIIL]  A  REPETITION  OF  SUNDRY  LAWS.  207 

'j^!i2^Elif'''  nakedness.  ^The  'nakedness  of  thy  sister,  the  daughter  of  thy  father, 
^^-  or  daughter  of  thy  mother,  whether  she  be  born  at   home,  or  born 

abroad,  even  their  nakedness  thou  shalt  not  uncover.  i*'The  naked- 
ness of  thy  son's  daughter,  or  of  thy  daughter's  daughter,  even  their 
nakedness  thou  shalt  not  uncover :  for  theirs  is  thine  own  nakedness. 
^^  The  nakedness  of  thy  father's  wife's  daughter,  begotten  of  thy  father j 
j  Le.  20. 19.  ^^^®  ^^  ^'^y  ^^^^®'''  ''^^"  ^'^^^^  "ot  uncover  her  nakedness,  i^  Thou  ^shalt 
k  Le.  20. 20.        not  uucovcr  the  nakedness  of  thy  father's  sister  :  she  is  thy  father's  npar 


'L"-lo.i2.iz.    J^.inswoman.  i^Thou  shalt  not  uncover  the  nakedness  of  thy  mother's 

22.  II  -.-*_-/■_        I        ■      .1  .,        ,  .   .  .  .  _^ 

m  Le.  20.  21. 


De.  25.  5.  Mat. 
2J.  24. 
n  Le.  20. 


sister  :  for  she  is  thy  mother's  near  kinswoman,  i*  Thou  '^shalt  not  un- 

sha;  h:  l^see  ^^"^^\  ^^^^  nakedness  of  thy  father's  brother,  thou  shalt  not  approach  to 
his  wife  :  she  is  thine  aunt,  i^  Thou  'shalt  not  uncover  the  nakedness  of 
thy  daughter-in-law  :  she  is  thy  son's  wife  ;  thou  shalt  not  uncover  her 

^a«X"Ef 2t/.3.  "akedness.   '^  Thou  '"shalt  not  uncover  the  nakedness  of  thy  brother's 

oisa.i.6,8.  wife:  It  IS  thy  brother's  nakedness.  ^^  Thou  "shalt  not  uncover  the 
^k%^lfi^^:  nakedness  of  a  woman  and  her  daughter,  neither  shalt  thou  take  her 
5Le.2o.  10.  E.X.  son's  daughter,  or  her  daughter's  daughter,  to  uncover  her  nakedness  ; 

f'-2i:i%Vi:  for  they  are  her   near  kinswomen:  it  is  wickedness.  ^^  Neither  shalt 

Mat'VJT'jo"'  *^^°"  ^^'^®  ^^  ^^^^®  to  ^er  sister,  "to  vex  her,  to  uncover  her  nakedness, 

8.4,5.Ro.2.     besides  the  other  in  her  life  time. 

He.  i3.°4.  ■  ■  ^'^ "  Also  ^thou  shalt  not  approach  unto  a  woman  to  uncover  her 
'"i^^^^liVfe  nakedness,  as  long  as  she  is  put  apart   for  her   uncleanness.  ^o  More- 

fz'  ''?d  st  &  bl  °^^*"  '^'^^"  ^^^^^^  "^*  ^^^   carnally  with  thy  neighbour's  wife,  to   defile 

ST^l).'  ■  ■  thyself  with  her.  21  And  thou  shalt  not  let  any  of  thy  seed  '"pass 
'canedJkJ.v'^,  through  the  fire  to  ^Molech,  neither  shalt  thou  'profane  the  name  of 

Moloch.  '  thy  God  :  I  am  the  Lord.  22  Thou  "shalt  not  lie  with  mankind,  as  with 

'tl'^il^^i  womankind:   it  is  abomination.  ^3  Neither  "shalt  thou    lie    with  any 

I'fMaf.fil."'  ^^^^^  to  defile  thyself  therewith:  neither  shall  any  woman  stand  be- 
«Le^2o.  13.  Ro.  forc  a  bcast  to  lie  down  thereto:  '"it  is  confusion. 

iTi.L*Io:  ^'^'  ^''  "  Defile  'not  ye  yourselves  in  any  of  these  things  :  ^for  in  all  these 
"£^^.^"'19^' ^"^^  .^'^®  nations  are  defiled  which  I  cast  out  before  you.  25  And  "the  land 
w  Le.To.  12.  IS  defiled  ;  therefore  I  do  "visit  the  iniquity  thereof  upon  it,  and  the 
^^co'  3^7^^"^''"  ^^"^  '^^^'^^  vomiteth  out  her  inhabitants.  ^6  Ye  'shall  therefore  keep 
2,Le.°2:).'23.'De.  '^^  statutcs  aiid  my  judgments,  and  shall  not  commit  any  of  these 
iN»%  34  Je  ^'^.^"^"^ations  ;  neither  any  of  your  own  nation,  nor  any  stranger  that 
'2.7.&16.18?'    sojourneth  among  you  ;  27  (for  all  these   abominations   have  the  men 

?s.89  iiis  f  the  land  done,  which  were  before  you,  and  the  land  is  defiled:) 
I'd  I' t  u  ^  ^'^^^  -^^^^  '^""^  ^*^"®  "^t  you  out  also,  when  ye  defile  it,  as  it  spued  out 
%3.2.  Ho!  the  nations  that  were  before  you.  ^'^  For  whosoever  shall  commit  any  of 
^s-  ^^-  these  abominations,  even  the  souls  that  commit  them,  shall  be  cut  off 
.22,23.  from  among  their  people.  =^0  Therefore  shall  ye  keep  mine  ordinance, 
'sail,  n.  ^^'  'tliat  ye  commit  not  any  one  of  these  abominable  customs,  which  were 
dDe.  18.9.  committed  before  you,  and  that  ye  defile  not  yourselves  therein :  I  am 
the  Lord  your  God." 

SECT^xxv.  Section  XXXV. A  Repetition  of  sundnj  Laws. 

Lev.  xix. 

^  And  the  Lord  sf)ake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  '«  Speak  unto  all  the 
congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  "Ye  shall 
be  holy  ;  for  I  the  Lord  your  God  am  holy. 

^ "  Ye  'shall  fear  every  man  his  mother,  and  his  father,  'and  keep 
my  Sabbaths  :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 

Turn  ''ye  not  unto  idols,  'nor  make  to  yourselves  molten  gods  : 
d^E.v.  20. 4.  Le.    I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 

h"'5.2i.       ^"  And  -^if  ye  offer  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings   unto  the  Lord, 

"■""■   ^®  ^^^^^^  o^^""  it  at  your  own  will.  ''It  shall  be  eaten  the   same  day  ye 

/Le.  7.  ic.  offer  it,  and  on  the  morrow  :  and  if  aught  remain  until  the  third  day,  it 


aPs, 

21.  . 

,9.&  14 
i.  2.  H 
2.  13.  &8.  13. 
&  9.  9. 
5Le, 


A.  M.  2514. 
B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,  1647. 


a  Le.  II.  44.  & 
20.  7,  21.  1  Pe. 
1.  IB. 

b  Ex.  20.  12. 

c  Ge.  2. 


John  .5.21. 
27.  15 


208  A  REPETITION  OF  SUNDRY  LAWS.  [Period  III. 

^^^i'^ihRu.l'.  ^^^^^  ^6  burnt  in  the  fire.  '''  And  if  it  be  eaten  at  all  on  the  third  daj-, 

^5'  ^^-     _         it  is  abominable  :   it  shall  not  be  accepted.  ^  Therefore  every  one  that 

22fi,7,'  10.  De.  catcth  it  shall  bear  his  iniquity,  because  he  hath  jDrofaned  the  hallowed 
t  Le^^e  2  E    4    thing  of  the  Lord  :  and  that  soul  shall  be  cut  oft'  from  among  his  people. 

25.'coi.3. 9.'  ^3  "  And  ^when  ye  reap  the  harvest  of  your  land,  thou  shalt  not 
^z!^iiT.'l'iC'^'  ^'''holly  reap  the  corners  of  thy  field,  neither   shalt   thou  gather  the 

Mat.  5. 33. ia. 5.  gleanings   of  thy  harvest.   ^°  And  thou  shalt  not  glean   thy  vineyard, 
iLe.  18. 21.        neither  shalt  thou  gather  every   grape   of  thy   vineyard;  thou  shalt 
I  Ma.  10. 19.        leave  them  for  the  poor  and  stranger :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 
m  De!'^24. 14,  15.       ^^  "  Yc   ''shall  uot  stcal,  neither  deal  falsely,    'neither  lie  one    to 

*'^''^  %  another.  ^-And  ye  shall  not  'swear  by  my  name  falsely,  ^neither  shalt 
"14.^13.'  '  '  thou  profane  the  name  of  thy  God:  I  am  the  Lord.  ^^Thou  'shalt 
"hl'^.'-^l'^^i.  "°t  defraud  thy  neighbour,  neither  rob  him :  "'the  wages  of  him  that 

iPe.  2. 17.        is  hired  shall  not  abide  with  thee  all  night  until  the  morning. 
^\fY^^\l'.\i'       ^^  "  Thou  shalt  not  curse  the  deaf,  "nor  put  a  stumblingblock  before 

2^  fr".  24'.  S:  ^'^'  the  blind,  but  shalt  "fear  thy  God  :  I  am  the  Lord. 

jiau 2-2. 16. Ja.  ^^ "  Yc ''sliall  do  no  unrighteousness  in  judgment:  thou  shalt  not 
5 Ex. 23.  LPs.     respect  the  person  of  the  poor,  nor  honor  the  person  of  the  mighty  ; 

Pr  ii.'^i3.V2b.  but  in  righteousness  shalt  thou  judge  thy  neighbour. 

19.  Ez.  23.9.  i*^  "  Thou 'shalt   not  go  up  and   down 'as  a  talebearer  among  thy 

"^1  Ki.  21. 13.'      people  ;  neither  shalt  thou  '"stand  against  the  blood  of  thy  neighbour  : 

Ma^u26.6o,6).  j  ^^  ^j^^  LoRD.  1"  Tliou  "slialt  not  hate  thy  brother  in  thy  heart ;  'thou 
a  ]  joiin  2. 9, 11.  shalt  in  any  wise  rebuke  thy  neighbour,  *and  not  suffer  sin  upon  him. 
( Mat.  18. 15.  Ga.  -^^  Thou  "shalt  uot  aveugc,  nor  bear  any  grudge  against  the  children  of 

i'tI.  5!'2o.'2  Ti.  thy  people,  "but  thou  shalt  love  thy  neighbour  as  thyself :  I  am  the  Lord. 

&2  Ts''  ^'^^'  ^^  "  ^^  ^'^^^^  keep  my  statutes.  Thou  shalt  not  let  thy  cattle  gender 
*  Or,  that  tiiou      with  a  diverse  kind  ;  ""thou  shalt  not  sow  thy  field  with  mingled  seed  ; 

ht'n:^seeno'.'\.    ""neither  shall  a  garment  mingled  of  linen  and  woollen  come  upon  thee. 

1  Times'  22"         ^°  "  ^"^  whosoever  lieth  carnally  with  a  woman,  that  is  a  bondmaid, 

2Joiinii.  tbetrothed  to  a  husband,  and  not  at  all  redeemed,  nor  freedom  given 
"20.^22.  Ro^^i^!"''  her ;  tshe  shall  be  scourged  ;  they  shall  not  be  put  to  death,  because 

Ep.'4.'3i!"i^Pe"'  ^^^  ^^'^^  ""^t  free.  ^^  And  ^he  shall  bring  his  trespass  offering  unto  the 

2.  i.ja.  5. 9.  Lord,  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  even  a 
"^'.''sg.^iio^'is^g.  ram  for  a  trespass  offering.  —  And  the  priest  shall  make  an  atonement 

*De\2^9^^o^  for  him  with  the  ram  of  the  trespass  offering  before  the  Lord  for  his 
zDe.22.11.  sin  which  he  hath  done  ;  and  the  sin  which  he  hath  done  shall  be 
^  Or,  abused  by      forgivcu  him. 

pro'aciied'by,  or,  ^"^  "  And  whcu  yc  shall  come  into  the  land,  and  shall  have  planted  all 
(Z^'thcy.  Heb.    manner   of  trees  for  food,   then  ye  shall  count   the  fruit  thereof  as 

there  shall  be  a     uucircumciscd :  thrcc   years  shall  be  as  uncircumcised   unto   vou  :  it 

scour  fititr,  ^  J  ^       •  ^ 

y  Lc.  5. 15.  &  6.  shall  not  be  eaten  of,  ^^  But  in  the  fourth  year  all  the  fruit  thereof 

*^Heh  hoiive^sof  ^'^^'^  ^^  *holy  ''to  praisc  the  Lord  withal.  -^  And  in  the  fifth  year  shall 

prau'e^  to  th'.  ye  Cat  of  the  fruit  thereof,  that  it  may  yield  unto  you  the   increase 

1  De.  12. 17, 18.  thereof :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 

Pj-^"^-    '  26  u  Ye  "shall  not  eat  any  thing  with  the  blood  ;  ''neither  shall  ye  use 

°De?i2.''23."  '  enchantment,  nor  observe  times.  ^''  Ye  'shall   not  round   the  corners 

^H^is^a.Ts.'M  ^^  y^"*"  heads,  neither  shalt  thou  mar  the  corners  of  thy  beard.  ^^  Ye 

Mai.  3. 5.  shall  not  ''make  any  cuttincrs  in  vour  flesh  for  the  dead,  nor  print  any 

cDe.  21.5.  Je.  9.  ,  j  ^\   "  t         ' 

9t;.  le.  \o.  2.       marks  upon  you  :   I  am  the  Lord. 

'^u%^Je^'u%         ^^ "  ^'^  "*^^  tprostitutc  thy  daughter,  to  cause  her  to  be  a  whore  ;  lest 
fHeh!  pi^ofa^.     the  land  fall  to  whoredom,  and  the  land  become  full  of  wickedness. 
eL^  ^^"'^  ^^  "  ^*^  'shall   keep   my  Sabbaths,  and  -^reverence  my  sanctuary  :  I 

/Ec.  5. 1.  am  the  Lord. 

•^eo^effDe.^s:       ^^  "  Regard  ''not  them  that  have  familiar  spirits,  neither  seek  after 

]n^i'sa.'28^  Is    wizards,  to  be  defiled  by  them  :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 

8. 19.' Ac.  16.16!  ^2  "  Thou  ''shalt  rise  up  before  the  hoary  head,  and  honor  the  face  of 
*2o^M.\'Ti'..ri.  the  old  man,  and  fear  thy  God  :  I  am  the  Lord. 


Part  VIII.]  MISCELLANEOUS  AND  MORAL  LAWS.  209 


j  Ex.  12.  4S,  49, 
k  De.  10.  19. 
/  De.  -25.  13,  15. 

I'r.  11.  1.  &,  16, 
Jl.  cc  :2J.  !0. 
^^  \  lob.  stones. 


JT.  XXXVI. 


rf  Ez.  5.  11 

e  Le.  18.  2 


A  Ex.  -20.  5. 
i  Le.  17.  7. 


See  Ex.  22.21.        33  a  ^j-j^-j  i|f  j^  stranger  sojourn  with  thee  m  your  land,  ye  shall  not 
f^J'T/r^n     ivex  him.  ^^^  But  •'the  stranger  that  dwelleth   with  you   shall   be   unto 
you  as  one  born  among  you,  and  ''thou  shalt  love  him  as  thyself;  for 
ye  were  strangers  in  the  land  of  Egypt :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 
^^ "  Ye  shall  do  no  unrighteousness   in  judgment,  in  meteyard,  in 
stoues.      weight,  or  in  measure.  ^^  Just  'balances,  just  *weights,  a  just   ephah, 
^o,'  (1:  k  5.  ^'^^  ^  J"^*^  '^'"'  ^'^^^'  y®  ^^^^^  •  I  ^™  t'le  LoKD  your  God,  which  brought 
>■  i'j.         you  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^"^  Therefore  '"shall  ye  observe  all  my 
statutes,  and  all  my  judgments,  and  do  them:  I  am  the  Lord." 

Section  XXXVI. — MisceUancotis  arid  Moral  Laws. 
Lev.  XX. 

A   M  "514        ^f  ^^^  ''"*'  ^"^^''  "-^  ''**  **^*^  *°  Molech.    4  Of  him  that  favoreth  such  an  one.      6  Of  s:oino-  to 
Vr'i^gn"  wizards.     1  Of  sa7ictif  cation.     9  Of  him  that  curseth  his  parents.     \0  Of  adultery.     \\    14  17 

,,  ,^";  Yi  Of  incest     13  Of  sodomy.     15  Of  be  stialif,/.     lii  Of  uncleanness.    n  Obedience  is  required 

HALES,  104/.  J^l^|^  holiness.     27  Wizards  must  be  put  to  death. 

smai.  1  j^^^  ^^^   Lord   spake   unto   Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Again,  thou  "shalt 

aLe.  18. 21.  Say  to  the  children  of  Israel,  ''Whosoever  he  be  of  the  children  of 
''uTii^'ich.^t  Israel,  or  of  the  strangers  that  sojourn  in  Israel,  that  giveth  any  of  his 
6- '  J«' 7- 3i-'^^-  seed  unto  <'''Molecli,  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death;  the  people  of 
c  Le.~i7. 10.  the  land  shall  stone  him  with  stones.  ^  And  1  will  set  my  face  against 
that  man,  and  will  cut  him  off  from  among  his  people  ;  because  he 
hath  given  of  liis  seed  unto  Molech,  ''to  defile  my  sanctuary,  and  'to 
profane  my  Holy  Name.  '^  And  if  the  people  of  the  land  do  any  ways 
hide  their  eyes  from  the  man,  when  he  giveth  of  his  seed  unto  Molech, 

■!r  Le  n  ^I'o^'  ^'    ^"^  !^^^^  ^""^  ^^^^ '  ^  ^^^®"  °^  ^^^^^  ^®^  ^y  ^^^^  against  that  man,  and 

^  ^-  ■  ■  ''against  his  family,  and  will  cut  him  off,  and  all  that  'go  a  whoring 
after  him,  to  commit  whoredom  with  Molech,  from  among  their  people. 

j  Le.  19. 31.  6  <:;  ^,-,(j  jj]-^g  gQ^j  jj^.^^  turnctii  after  such  as  have  familiar  spirits,  and 

after  wizards,  to  go  a  whoring  after  them,  I  will  even  set  my  face 
against  that  soul,  and  will  cut  him  off  from  among  his  people. 

fc  Le.^11.44. 1  Pe.       7  u  Sauctify  ^yoursclvcs  therefore,  and  be  ye  holy  ;  for  I  am  the  Lord 

zLo.  19. 37.        your  God.  ^  And  'ye  shall  keep  my  statutes,  and  do  them  :  ™I  am  the 

"2L^8.  Ez.^37.28!  LoRD  which  sanctify  you. 

"2o'''2o"Val'  Ts"  ° "  ^^^'  "^^^^y  O"^  t^^t  curseth  his  father  or  his  mother  shall  be  surely 
4.'    ■  "  ■    ■   put  to  death  :  he  hath  cursed  his  father  or  his  mother  ;  "his  blood  shall 

o2Sa.  1.16.  \^Q   ypQj^   {jjj^_ 

P  Le.  18. 20.  10  u  ^^^  7'^jjg  J^g^^^  ^j^^^^  committeth  adultery  with  another  man's  wife, 

(even  he  that  committeth  adultery  with  his  neighbour's  wife),  the  adul- 

«27^2^^- ^- ^''-     terer  and  the  adulteress  shall  surely  be  put  to  death.  ^^  And  'the  man 

that  lieth  with  his  father's  wife  hath  uncovered  his  father's  nakedness  : 

both  of  them  shall  surely  be  put  to  death  ;  their  blood  shall  be  upon 

r  Le.  18. 15.        them.  ^'^  And  If  a  man  lie  with  his  daughter-in-law,  both  of  them  shall 

s  Lo.  18. 23.        surely  be  put  to  death  :  'they  have  wrought  confusion  ;  their  blood  shall 

^Ge.ig.'s""^'"    ^®  "P*^"  t^i®"^-  ^^If 'a  man  also  lie  with  mankind,  as  he  lieth  with  a 

woman,   both  of  them   have  committed  an   abomination  :  they  shall 

surely  be  put  to  death  ;  their  blood  shall  be  upon  them.  ^^  And  "if  a 

man  take  a  wife  and  her  mother,  it  is  wickedness  ;  they  shall  be  burnt 

with  fire,  both  he  and  they,  that  there  be  no  wickedness  among  you. 

V  Lo.  18. 23.       15  ^j^^j  -If  ^  jjjg^j-^  ijg  ^yi^i^  ^  beast,  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death,  and 

ye  shall  slay  the  beast.  ^^  And  if  a  woman   approach   unto  any  beast, 

C^*)  Idolatry  was  punished  by  the    Mosaic  Law,  nature,  or  to  the  spirits  of  deified  men  ;  and  mur- 

because  it  was  treason  and  rebellion   against  their  der     and    every    abomination    were    enumerated 

Sovereign.    God  assumed  the  title  of  King  of  Israel,  among  the  proofs  of  homage  to  these  false  gods, 

that  adherence  to  his  worship  might  be  a  proof  of  Human  sacrifices — offering  up  their  children,  and 

allegiance,    and    idolatry   be    more    certainly   and  passing  them  through  the  fire  to  Molech — the'pros- 

rignrously  prohibited.     And  the  justice  and  wisdom  titution  of  their  young  women — the  shameful  rites 

of  this  law  will  be  more  evident,  if  we  consider  that  of  Baal  Peer,  &c.,  were  crimes  deserving  of  death 

the  idolatry  of  the  nations  which  surrounded  Israel  in  every  well-ordered  community.    Vide  Michaelis, 

did  not  consist  in  speculative  opinions  only, but  in  Com.  &c.,  b.  v.  eh.  ii.  art.  246. 
acts  of  open  homage  to  the  personified  powers  of 

VOL.    I.                                                       27  *N 


u  Le.  18.  17. 
27.  23. 


210 


LAWS  CONCERNING  THE  PRIESTS. 


[Period  IIL 


10  See  Ge.  30.  12. 


X  Se«  Le.  15.  24. 

*  Heb.  made 
naked. 

y  Le.  18.  12,  13. 
z  Le.  18.  6. 
a  Le.  18.  14. 

b  Le.  18.  16. 

f  Heb.  a  separa- 
tion. 

e  Le.  18.  26. 
dLe.  18.25,28. 

eLe.  18.  3,24, 

30. 
/De.  9.5. 
g  See  Ge.  12.  7. 

Ex.  3.  17. 

h  Ge.  17.  8. 

t  Lo.  11.  47.  De. 

14.4. 
j  Le.  11.  43. 

J  Or,  movetfi. 

k  Le.  19.  2.  1  Pe. 

1.  16. 
I  Tit.  2.  14. 
m  Le.  19.  31.  De. 

18.  10,  11.  1  Sa. 

28.  7,  8. 


and  lie  down  thereto,  thou  shalt  kill  the  woman,  and  the  beast :  they 
shall  surely  be  put  to  death  ;  their  blood  shall  be  upon  them.  ^'^  And 
"if  a  man  shall  take  his  sister,  his  father's  daughter,  or  his  mother's 
daughter,  and  see  her  nakedness,  and  she  see  his  nakedness  ;  it  is  a 
wicked  thing  ;  and  they  shall  be  cut  oft'  in  the  sight  of  their  people : 
he  hath  uncovered  his  sister's  nakedness  ;  he  shall  bear  his  iniquity. 
^"^  And  ""if  a  man  shall  lie  with  a  woman  having  her  sickness,  and  shall 
uncover  her  nakedness  ;  he  hath  *discovered  her  fountain,  and  she  hath 
uncovered  the  fountain  of  her  blood  :  and  both  of  them  shall  be  cut 
off"  from  among  their  people.  ^'-^  And  "thou  shalt  not  uncover  the  naked- 
ness of  thy  mother's  sister,  nor  of  thy  father's  sister  ;  "^for  he  uncovereth 
his  near  kin  :  they  shall  bear  their  iniquity.  ^"  And  "if  a  man  shall  lie 
with  his  uncle's  wife,  he  hath  uncovered  his  uncle's  nakedness  ;  they 
shall  bear  their  sin,  they  shall  die  childless.  ^^  And  Mf  aman  shall  take 
his  brother's  wife,  it  is  tan  unclean  thing ;  he  hath  uncovered  his 
brother's  nakedness,  they  shall  be  childless. 

^^  "  Ye  shall  therefore  keep  all  my  ^statutes,  and  all  my  judgments, 
and  do  them  ;  that  the  land,  whither  I  bring  you  to  dwell  therein,  ''spue 
you  not  out.  ^^  And  'ye  shall  not  walk  in  the  manners  of  the  nations, 
which  I  cast  out  before  you :  for  they  committed  all  these  things,  and 
■''therefore  I  abhorred  them.  '^'^  But  ^I  have  said  unto  you,  Ye  shall  in- 
herit their  land,  and  I  will  give  it  unto  you  to  possess  it,  a  land  that 
floweth  with  milk  and  honey  :  ''I  am  the  Lord  your  God,  which  have 
separated  you  from  other  people. 

25  u  Ye  'shall  therefore  put  difference  between  clean  beasts  and  un- 
clean, and  between  unclefin  fowls  and  clean  ;  ^and  ye  shall  not  make 
your  souls  abominable  by  beast,  or  by  fowl,  or  by  any  manner  of  living 
thing  that  tcreepeth  on  the  ground,  which  I  have  separated  from  you 
as  unclean.  -^  And  ye  shall  be  holy  unto  me  ;  *for  I  the  Lord  am  holy, 
'and  have  severed  you  from  other  people,  that  ye  should  be  mine. 

^^  "  A  '"man  also  or  a  woman  tliat  hath  a  familiar  spirit,  or  that  is  a 
wizard,  shall  surely  be  put  to  death  ;  they  shall  stone  them  with  stones ; 
their  blood  shall  be  upon  them." 


SECT,  xxxvn 

A.  M.  2514. 

B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,  1647. 


*  Or,  bein^  a  hus- 
band avtonsr  hU 
peopU,  he  shall 
not  defile  himself 
for  his  wife,  &,c. 
See  Ez.  ^4.  16, 
17. 

b  Le.  19.  27,  28. 
Ez.  44.  20. 

c  Le.  18.  21. 

dSeeLe.  3.  11. 

e  Ez.  44.  22. 

/See  De.24. 1 


g  Le.  20.  7,  8. 


Section  XXXVIL — Laws  concerning  the  Priests. 

Lev.  x.\i.  and  xxii. 

Of  the  priests'  mourning.  6  Of  their  holiness.  ?>  Of  their  estimation.  7,  13  Of  their  inarriases. 
17  The  priests  thai  have  blemislies  must  not  minister  in  the  sanctitanj.  —  Chap.  xxii.  1  iT'/ie 
priests  in  their  uncleaiiness  must  abstain  from  the  holy  things.  6  Hmo  they  shall  be  cleansed.  10 
Who  of  the  priest's  house  may  eat  of  the  holy  things.  17  The  sacrifices  must  he  without  blemish. 
26  The  age  of  the  sacrifice.     29  The  law  of  eating  the  sacrifice  of  thanksgiving. 

^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Speak  unto  the  priests  the  sons 
of  Aaron,  and  say  unto  them,  "There  shall  none  be  defiled  for  the 
dead  among  his  peojjle.  ^  But  for  his  kin,  that  is  near  unto  him,  that 
is,  for  his  mother,  and  for  his  father,  and  for  his  son,  and  for  his  daugh- 
ter, and  for  his  brother,  ^  and  for  his  sister  a  virgin,  that  is  nigh  unto 
him,  which  hath  had  no  husband;  for  her  may  he  be  defiled.  ''But 
*he  shall  not  defile  himself,  being  a  chief  man  among  his  jieople,  to 
profane  himself.  ^  They  ''shall  not  make  baldness  upon  their  head, 
neither  shall  they  shave  oft'  the  corner  of  their  beard,  nor  make  any 
cuttings  in  their  flesh.  "^  They  shall  be  holy  unto  their  God,  and  '^not 
profane  the  name  of  their  God ;  for  the  offerings  of  the  JiORo  made  by 
fire,  and  ''the  bread  of  their  God,  they  do  ofler,  therefore  they  shall  be 
holy.  ''  They  'shall  not  take  a  wife  that  is  a  whore,  or  profane,  neither 
shall  they  take  a  woman  •'^put  away  from  her  husband  ;  for  he  is  holy 
unto  his  God.  ^Thou  shalt  sanctify  him  therefore;  for  he  offereth  the 
bread  of  thy  God.  He  shall  be  holy  unto  thee  ;  ^for  I  the  Lord,  which 
sanctify  you,  am  holy. 


Part  VIIL]  LAWS  CONCERNING  THE  PRIESTS.  211 

h  Ge.  38. 24.  9  ''  And  ''the  daughter  of  any  priest,  if  she  profane  herself  by  playing 

the  whore,  she  profaneth  her  father  ;  she  shall  be  burnt  with  fire. 

t^"- 29. 29, 30.         10  ''And  'he  that  is  the  high  priest  among  his  brethren,  upon  whose 

35.'25.    '     '     head  the  anointing  oil  was  poured,  ^and  that  is  consecrated  to  put  on 

j  Ex.  28. 2.  |.j^g  garments,  ''shall  not  uncover  his  head,  nor  rend  his  clothes ;  ^^  neither 

I  Nu.  19. 14.        shall  he  'go  in  to  any  dead  body,  nor  defile  himself  for  his  father,  or 

m  he.  10. 7.         for  his  mother  ;  ^^ neither  "shall  he  go  out  of  the  sanctuary,  nor  pro- 

n  Ex.  28. 36.        ^^^^  ^1^^  sauctuary  of  his  God,  "for  the  crown  of  the  anointing  oil  of 

oEz.44.22.        his  God  is  upon  him  :  I  am  the  Lord.  ^^  And  °he  shall  take  a  wife  in 

her  virginity.  ^^  A  widow,  or  a  divorced  woman,  or  profane,  or  a  harlot, 

these  shall  he  not  take ;  but  he  shall  take  a  virgin  of  his  own  people  to 

wife.  ^^  Neither  shall  he  profane  his  seed  among  his  people  ;  for  I  the 

Lord  do  sanctify  him." 

^6  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^■^"  Speak  unto  Aaron, 
saying,  Whosoever  he  be  of  thy  seed  in   their  generations   that  hath 
^i6.%.^Ps%4'."4.   ^"y  blemish,  let  him  not  ^approach  to  ofter  the  thread  of  his  God.  ^^  For 
t  ov,food.  Le.      whatsoever  man  he  be  that  hath  a  blemish,  he  shall  not  approach  ;  a 
\l\:y  23         blind  man,  or  a  lame,  or  he  that  hath  a  flat  nose,  or  any  thing  'super- 
fluous. '^Oraman  that  is  broken-footed,  or  broken-handed,  ^"^  or  crook- 

*  Or,  too  slender,  backcd,  or  *a  dwarf,  or  that  hath  a  blemish  in  his  eye,  or  be  scurvy,  or 
r  De.  23. 1.         scabbed,  or  '^hath  his  stones  broken  ;  ^^  no  man  that  hath  a  blemish  of 

the  seed  of  Aaron  the  priest  shall  come  nigh  to  offer  the   offerings  of 

the  Lord  made  by  fire  ;  he  hath  a  blemish,  he  shall  not  come  nigh  to 

offer  the  bread  of  his  God.  ~-  He  shall  eat  the  bread  of  his  God,  both 
iLe.2. 3, 10.  of  the  'most  holy,  and  of 'the  holy.  ^^Only  he  shall  not  go  in  unto  the 
iLe.22. 10-12.     ^^-j^  ^^^  coiTie  uigh  uuto  the  altar,  because  he  hath  a  blemish  ;  that  he 

profane  not  my  sanctuaries,  for  I  the  Lord  do  sanctify  them." 

2^  And  Moses  told  it  unto  Aaron,  and  to  his  sons,  and  unto  all  the 

children  of  Israel. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^"  Speak  unto    Lev.  xxii. 
M  Nu.  6. 3.  Aaron  and  to  his  sons,  that  they  "separate  themselves  from 

V  Le.  18. 21.        the  holy  things  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  that  they  "profane  not 
w  Ex.  28. 38.       jj^y  Holy  Name  in  those  things  which  they  '"hallow  unto  me  :  I  am  the 

Lord.  ^  Say  unto  them,  Whosoever  he  be  of  all  your  seed   among 

your  generations,  that  goeth  unto  the  holy  things,  which  the  children 
E  Le.  7. 20.         of  Israel  hallow  unto  the  Lord,  ""having  his  uncleanness  upon  him,  that 

soul  shall  be  cut  off'  from  my  presence  :  I  am  the  Lord.  ^  What  man 
^Heh.ruimingof  socvcr  of  thc  sccd  of  Aarou  is  a  leper,  or  hath  a  trunning  issue  ;  he 
is!  2.'"^'  "'  shall  not  eat  of  the  holy  things,  ^until  he  be  clean.  And  ^ whoso  touch- 
j,Le.  14.2.  gth  any  thing  that  is  unclean  by  the  dead,  or  "a  man  whose  seed  goeth 
a  Le.  15. 16.'  ^''^™  '^"^  5  ^  ^*'  ''whosocvcr  touchcth  any  creeping  thing,  whereby  he  may 
4  Le.  11. 24, 43,  bc  made  unclean,  or  ^a  man  of  whom  he  may  take  uncleanness,  what- 
^    15  7  19      soever  uncleanness  he  hath  ;  ^the  soul  which  hath  touched  any  such 

shall  be  unclean  until  even,  and  shall  not  eat  of  the  holy  things,  unless 
^0^22^'  ^'  "^'  be  ''wash  his  flesh  with  water.  '''  And  when  the  sun  is  down,  he  shall 
eLe.  21.22.  be  clean,  and  shall  afterward  eat  of  the  holy  things,  because  'it  is  his 
/See  Ex.22. 31.    food.  ^  That  ^which  dieth  of  itself,  or  is  torn  with  beasts,  he  shall  not 

eat  to  defile  himself  therewith  :  I  am  the  Lord.  ^  They  shall  therefore 
g  Ex.  28. 43.       i^ggp  j^^if^g  ordinance,  ^lest  they  bear  sin  for  it,  and  die  therefor,  if  they 

profane  it :  I  the  Lord  do  sanctify  them. 
h  See  1  sa.  21. 6.       10  "  There  ''shall  no  stranger  eat  of  the  holy  thing  ;  a  sojourner  of  the 

priest,  or  a  hired  servant,  shall  not  eat  of  the  holy  thing.  ^^  But  if 
^purch^eofkis  the  priest  buy  any  soul  Iwith  his  money,  he  shall  eat  of  it,  and  he  that 
iNTls  11  13.    ^^  ^'^'""  ^"  ^^^  house  ;  Hhey  shall  eat  of  his  meat.  ^^  If  the  priest's  daugh- 

*  Hob.  a  man  a     tcr  also  bc  married  unto  *a  stranger,  she  may  not  eat  of  an  oflfering  of 
stranger.  j.|^g  j^^jy  tj^ji^gg    13  gy^  jf  t^g  pricst's  daughter  be  a  widow,  or  divorced, 

ALe.  10. 14.        and  have  no  child,  and  is  'returned  unto  her  father's  house,  ''as  in  her 


212  LAWS  CONCERNING  FESTIVALS.  [Period  IIL 

youth,  she  shall  eat  of  her  father's  meat ;  but  there  shall  no  stranger 

eat  thereof. 
J  Le.  5. 15,16.  14  u  ^^^j  r^f  ^  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^f  ^^^  j^^j^  ^j^j^^^  unwittingly,  then  he  shall 

put  the  fifth  part  thereof  unto  it,  and  shall  give  it  unto  the  priest  with 
mNu.  18. 32.  the  holy  thing.  ^^And  "'they  shall  not  profane  the  holy  things  of  the 
\^u'J^tkZ'in-  children  of  Israel,  which  they  offer  unto  the  Lord,  ^'^  or  tsuffer  them 
iguUy  of  trespass  to  bear  the  iniquity  of  trespass,  when  they  eat  their  holy  things  ;  for  I 

mthar  eating.       ^,        y  i  ^- f      ^i  55  ''  J  a     J 

the  Lord  do  sanctily  them. 

^' And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  i^''  Speak  unto  Aaron, 
and  to  his  sons,  and  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them, 
nLe.  1.  2,3, 10.  "Whatsoever  he  be  of  the  house  of  Israel,  or  of  the  strangers  in  Israel, 
that  will  offer  his  oblation  for  all  his  vows,  and  for  all  his  freewill  offer- 
ings, which  they  will  offer  unto  the  Lord  for  a  burnt  offering;   ^^  ye 

0  he.  1. 3.  "gj^aii  Qffgr  at  yQyr  Q^^j^  ^yjll  ^  j^^aig  „,ithout  blemish,  of  the  beeves,  of 
'5^27.^He^9.  h!  *^®  shccp,  or  of  the  goats.  ~°  But  ^whatsoever  hath  a  blemish,  that  shall 

1  Pe."i.  19.'    '  ye  not  offer  ;  for  it  shall  not  be  acceptable  for  you.  ^^  And  'whosoever 

1  ill  iVnu  offereth  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings  unto  the  Lord  '^to  accomplish  his 
15^3, 8.  De.  23.  VOW,  or  a  frccwill  offering  in  beeves  or  tsheep,  it  shall  be  perfect  to  be 
Ec'.^.' Cs.^^' ^'  accepted  ;  ^there  shall  be  no  blemish  therein.  ^-^  Blind,  'or  broken,  or 

*s^''l""i'  3  Claimed,  or  having  a  wen,  or  scurvy,  or  scabbed,  ye  shall  not  offer  these 
t  Mai.  1.8.  unto  the  Lord,  nor  make  "an  offering  by  fire  of  them  upon  the  altar 

uLe.  1. 9, 13.      unto  the  Lord.  -^Either  a  bullock  or  a  *lamb  that  hath  any  thing 
cLe'.2Li8.        "superfluous  or  lacking  in  his  parts,  that  mayest  thou  offer  for  a  free- 
will offering ;  but   for  a  vow  it  shall  not  be  accepted.  ^^  Ye  shall  not 
offer  unto  the   Lord  that  which  is  bruised,  or  crushed,  or  broken,  or 
cut ;    neither    shall    ye    make    any    offering    thereof  in    your    land. 
rL^'afe^iv ^'   ~^ ^eitlier  "'from  a  stranger's  hand  shall  ye  offer  "the  bread  of  your 
y  Mai.  1. 14.        God  of  any  of  these  ;  because  their  ^corruption  is  in  them,  and  blem- 
ishes be  in  them :  they  shall  not  be  accepted  for  you." 
lEx.  2>.  30.  26  ^j-^(j  jj^g  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^"  When  ''a  bullock,  or 

a  sheep,  or  a  goat,  is  brought  forth,  then  it  shall  be  seven  days  under 
the  dam  ;  and  from  the  eighth  day  and  thenceforth  it  shall  be  accepted 
for  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord.  ^'^  And  whether  it  be  cow 
^Ot,  she  goat.      or  tcwc,  yc  shall  not  kill  it  "and  her  young  both  in  one  day. 
iLe.7.i2.Ps.         ^^  •' And  when  ye  will  ''ofler  a  sacrifice  of  thanksgiving  unto  the 
116. 17.  Lord,  offer  it  at  your  own  will.  ^"  On  the  same  day  it  shall  be  eaten 

cLe.7. 15.         up;  ye  shall  leave  'none  of  it  until  the  morrow:  I  am  the  Lord. 
dLe.  19.  37  -    •'  — 

eLe.  18.21. 


^^ "  Therefore  ''shall  ye  keep  my  commandments,  and  do  them :  I 
/Le.  10.  3.  Mat.  am  the  Lord.  ^^  Neither  'shall  ye  profane  my  Holy  Name  ;  but  ■'I  will 
ahe  20  8  ^^  hallowed  among  the  children  of  Israel :  I  am  the  Lord  which 
A  Ex.  6. 7.  ^hallow  you,  ^^  that  ''brought  you  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  to  be  your 
God :  I  am  the  Lord." 

SECT.xxxvm.  Sect.  XXXVIII. Lmvs  concerning  Festivals. 

A.  M.  2514.  Lev.  xxiii. 

B.  C.  1490.        Tlie  feasts  ofihe  Lord.  3  The  Salibath.    4  The  Pa.ism-.er.    9  The  sheaf  of  FirstfruUs.  15  The  feast 
Hales,  1647.  of  Pentecost.     11  Gleanings  to  he  left  for  the  poor .     12  Tlie  feast  of  Trumpets.     26  The  day  of 

.  Atonement.    33  The  feast  of  Tabernacles. 

—  ^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

dren of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them.  Concerning  the  feasts  of  the  Lord, 

"lo.^-a^Ps.' 8^i?^3!  which  ye  shall  "proclaim  to  be  holy  convocations,  even  these  are  my 
feasts. 

b  See  Ge.  2. 2.  3  u  gj^  i j^yg  gj^^ji  ^^^]^  ^,0  douc  ;  but  the  seventh  day  is  the  Sabbath 

of  rest,  a  holy  convocation.  Ye  shall  do  no  work  therein  ;  it  is  the 
Sabbath  of  the  Lord  in  all  your  dwellings. 

c  Ex.  23. 14.  4  a  Thcsc  "are  the  feasts  of  the  Lord,  evc7i  holy  convocations,  which 

d  Ex.  12. 6, 14,  ye  shall  proclaim  in  their  seasons.  ^  In  ''the  fourteenth  day  of  the  first 
month  at  even  is  the  Lord's  Passover.  '^  And  on  the  fifteenth  day  of 


Re.  14.  4 


h  Le.  2.  14-16. 


k  Nu.  28.  26. 


Part  VIII.]  LAWS  CONCERNING  FESTIVALS.  213 

the  same  month  is  the  feast  of  Unleavened  Bread  unto  the  Lord  : 

eE.T.  12.  ic.        seven  days  ye  must  eat  unleavened  bread.  ^  In  'the  first  day  ye  shall 

have  a  holy  convocation ;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work  therein.  ^  But 

ye  shall  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  seven  days  :  in  the 

seventh  day  is  a  holy  convocation  ;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work  therein." 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^°  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

/•  Ex. 23. 16, 19.  (jren  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  ■'^When  ye  be  come  into  the  land 
which  I  give  unto  you,  and  shall  reap  the  harvest  thereof,  then  ye  shall 

*i?b  '^""^''ro  bring  a  *slieaf  of  the  firstfruits  of  your  harvest  unto  the  priest.  ^^  And 
ja.'i.  ik  he  shall  "wave  the  sheaf  before  the  Lord,  to  be  accepted  for  you ;  on 
the  morrow  after  the  Sabbath  the  priest  shall  wave  it.  ^~  And  ye  shall 
offer  that  day  when  ye  wave  the  sheaf  a  he  lamb  without  blemish  of  the 
first  year  for  a  burnt  offering  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  And  ''the  meat  offer- 
ing thereof  shall  be  two  tenth  deals  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil,  an 
offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  for  a  sweet  savour ;  and  the 
drink  offering  thereof  shall  be  of  wine,  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin.  ^'*  And 
ye  shall  eat  neither  bread,  nor  parched  corn,  nor  green  ears,  until  the 
selfsame  day  that  ye  have  brought  an  offering  unto  your  God  ;  it  shall 
be  a  statute  for  ever  throughout  your  generations  in  all  your  dwellings. 
1^  "  And  'ye  shall  count  unto  you  from  the  morrow  after  the  Sabbath, 
from  the  day  that  ye  brought  the  sheaf  of  the  wave  offering ;  seven 
Sabbaths  shall  be  complete  ;  ^^  (even  unto  the  morrow  after  the  seventh 
Sabbath  shall  ye  number  ^fifty  days  ;)  and  ye  shall  offer  *a  new  meat 
oflTering  unto  the  Lord.  ^"^  Ye  shall  bring  out  of  your  habitations  two 
wave  loaves   of  two  tenth  deals  ;  they  shall  be  of  fine   flour ;  they 

J  Ex.  23. 16, 19.    shall  be  baken  with  leaven;  they  are  'the   firstfruits   unto   the  Lord. 

26""  1.  ■  ■  ■  18  And  ye  shall  offer  with  the  bread  seven  lambs  without  blemish  of 
the  first  year,  and  one  young  bullock,  and  two  rams  ;  they  shall  be 
for  a  burnt  offering  unto  the  Lord,  with  their  meat  offering,  and  their 
drink  offerings,  even  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  sweet  savour   unto 

mLe.4. 23, 23.  the  LoRD.  ^^  Then  ye  shall  sacrifice  "one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin 
offering,  and  two  lambs  of  the  first  year  for  a  sacrifice  of  "peace  offer- 
ings. ^^  And  the  priest  shall  wave  them  with  the  bread  of  the  firstfruits 
for  a  wave  offering  before  the  Lord,  with  the  two  lambs  ;  "they  shall 
be  holy  to  the  Lord  for  the  priest.  ^^  And  ye  shall  proclaim  on  the  self- 
same day,  that  it  may  be  a  holy  convocation  unto  you  :  ye  shall  do  no 
servile  work  therein  ;  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  in  all  your  dwellings 
throughout  your  generations. 

ijLe.  19. 9.  '^-"And^when  ye   reap  the   harvest  of  your  land,  thou   shalt   not 

make  clean  riddance  of  the  corners  of  thy  field  when   thou   reapest, 

q  De.  24. 19.         'neither  shalt  thou  gather  any  gleaning  of  thy  harvest  ;  thou  shalt  leave 

them  unto   the  poor,  and  to  the  stranger :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God." 

^^  And   the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^ "  Speak  unto  the 

T Nu. 29. 1.         children  of  Israel,  saying.  In  the  'seventh  month,  in  the  first  day  of 

sLe.  25.9.  thc  mouth,  sliall  ye  have  a  Sabbath,  "a  memorial  of  blowing  of  trum- 

pets, a  holy  convocation.  ^^  Ye  shall  do  no  servile  work  therein  ;  but  ye 
shall  offer  an  oflTering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord." 

f  Le.  16. 30.  Nu.  26  ^j^^j  ^j^g  LoRD  spakc  uuto  Moscs,  sayiug,  -■''"Also  'on  the  tenth 
day  of  this  seventh  month  there  shall  be  a  Day  of  Atonement.  It  shall 
be  a  holy  convocation  unto  you ;  and  ye  shall  afflict  your  souls,  and 
offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  And  ye  shall  do  no  work 
in  that  same  day  ;  for  it  is  a  day  of  atonement,  to  make  an  atone- 
ment for  you  before  the  Lord  your  God.  ^^  For  whatsoever  soul  it  be 

u  Go.  17. 14.  that  shall  not  be  afflicted  in  that  same  day,  "he  shall  be  cut  off  from 
among  his  people.  ^^  And  whatsoever  soul  it  be  that  doeth  any  work 

rLe.2o.  3,  5,6.  in  that  same  day,  "the  same  soul  will  I  destroy  from  among  his  people. 
2^  Ye  shall  do  no  manner  of  work,  (it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  through- 


Nu.  28.  30. 
Le.  3.  1. 


214  LAW  OF  BLASPHEMY,  &c.  [Period  lU. 

out  your  generations  in  all  your  dwellings.)  ^-^  it  shall  be  unto  you  a 
Sabbath  of  rest,  and  ye  shall  afflict  your  souls.  In  the  ninth  day  of  the 

t  Heb.rest.  mouth  at  evcu,  from  even  unto  even,  shall  ye  tcelebrate  your  Sabbath." 

"'^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  "^^  '•  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

"SfnTb''''  *^^^"  ^^  Israel,  saying,  ""The  fifteenth  day  of  this  seventh  month  shall 
be  the  feast  of  Tabernacles  for  seven  days  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  On  the 
first  day  shall  be  a  holy  convocation  ;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work 
therein,  ^^  Seven  days  ye  shall  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the 

iNu-^-35-^-  Lord.  ""On  the  eighth  day  shall  be  a  holy  convocation  unto  you,  and 

t  Heb.  dayof  re-  Y^  sl^^^  o^^r  ^^  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord  :  it  is  a  Isolemn 

s^^^'ch  't^V^'    assembly,  and  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work  therein. 

Joel  1. 14.'  '^'  '-  These  are  the  feasts  of  the  Lord,  which  ye  shall  proclaim  to  be 

holy  convocations,  to  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord,  a 
burnt   offering,  and  a  meat  offering,  a  sacrifice,  and  drink   offerings, 

2,xu.  29. 39.  every  thing  upon  his  day  ;  ^^  besides  ^the  Sabbaths  of  the  Lord,  and 
besides  your  gifts,  and  besides  all  your  vows,  and  besides  all  your  free- 
will offerings,  which  ye  give  unto  the  Lord. 

^'-^  "  Also  in  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  seventh  month,  when  ye  have 

^Ex. 23.  16.  De.  "gathered  in  the  fruit  of  the  land,  ye  shall  keep  a  feast  unto  the  Lord 
seven  days  ;  on  the  first  day  shall  be  a  Sabbath,  and  on  the  eighth  day 

oNe.8. 15.         shall  be  a  Sabbath. '**^  And  °ye   shall   take  you  on  the   first  day  the 

*Heb./nut.        *boughs  of  goodly  trees,  branches  of  palm  trees,  and  the   boughs  of 

6  De.  16. 14, 15.    thick  ticcs,  and  willows  of  the  brook  ;  'and  ye  shall  rejoice  before  the 

c  Nu.  29. 12.  Lord  your  God  seven  days,  "^^  And  'ye  shall  keep  it  a  feast  unto  the 
Lord  seven  days  in  the  year.    It  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever   in  your 

d  Ne.  8. 14-16.  generations  ;  ye  shall  celebrate  it  in  the  seventh  month.  '^'^  Ye  ''shall 
dwell  in  booths  seven  days,  (all  that  are  Israelites  born  shall  dwell  in 

e_De.  31. 13.  Ps.  booths  ;)  '^^  that  'your  generations  may  know  that  I  made  the  children  of 
'  '  '  '  Israel  to   dwell  in  booths,  when  I  brought  them  out  of  the   land  of 

Egypt :   I  am  the  Lord  your  God." 

^^And  Moses  declared  unto  the  children  of  Israel  the  feasts  of  the 

Lord. 

SECT.  XXXIX.  Sectio.v  XXXIX, Shelomith' s Son  is  stoned f or  Blasphemi/;  Various  Laws. 

A.  .^14.  Lev.  xxiv. 

B.  C.  1490.         The  oil  for  the  lamps.     5  TVie  shnw-hreod.     10  Shelomith's  son  blasphemeth.     13  Tlie  law  ofblas- 
Hales   1647.  phfiinj.     17  Of  murder.     18  0/damag;e.     23  The  blasphemer  is  stoned. 

Sinai.  1  ^jjj)  ti^g  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  '•'  Command  "the  chil- 

oEx  27^0  21  ^^'"*^"  ^^  Israel,  that  they  bring  unto  thee  pure  oil  olive  beaten  for  the 
*  Heb.  «o  caLe  to  light;  *to  causc  the  lamps  to  burn  continually,  ^Without  the  veil  of 

ascend.  ^j^^  tcstiuiouy,  iu  the   tabernacle   of  the    congregation,   shall   Aaron 

order  it  from  the  evening  unto  the  morning  before  the  Lord  contin- 
ually :  it  shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  in  your  generations.  '^  He  shall 
6  Ex.  31. 8.  order  the  lamps  upon  'the  pure  candlestick  before  the  Lord  continually, 
c  Ex.  25. 30.  ^  "  And  thou  shalt  take  fine  flour,  and  bake  twelve  'cakes  thereof : 

two  tenth  deals  shall  be  in  one  cake.  ^  And  thou  shalt  set  them  in  two 
d^i  Ki.  7. 48.  He.  j.^^^^^  gj^  ou  a  row,  ''upon  the  pure  table  before  the  Lord.  "And  thou 
eSeeLe.2.2.  slialt  put  purc  frankinccuse  upon  each  row,  that  it  may  be  on  the 
^9.32!'^'  ^  ^^'  bread  'for  a  memorial,  even  an  offering  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord. 
^isa.2i.  6.  »  Every  •'^Sabbath  he  shall  set  it  in  order  before  the  Lord  continually, 
AEx.2D.33.  Le.  being  taken  from  the  children  of  Israel  by  an  everlasting  covenant. 

s-  3-  __  ^  And  ^it  shall  be  Aaron's  and  his  sons',  ''and  they  shall  cat  it  in  the 

"irno't'''expre3°e'd  holy  placc  ;  for  it  is  most  holy  unto  him  of  the  offerings  of  the  Lord 

The''!ie"v3'"9eT-'    Hiade  by  fire  by  a  perpetual  statute." 

(iom  .used  to  10  \^^  ^jjg  gQ^  ^f  ^j^  Israclitish  woman,  whose  father  was  an  Egyp- 

name  Jehovah,     tian,  wcut  out  among  the  children  of  Israel.     And  this  son  of  the 

Decision". ^*see    IsracUtish  womaii  and  a  man  of  Israel  strove  together  in  the  camp  ; 

^9over.  16.—     n  ^^^  ^j^g  Israelitish  woman's  son  blasphemed  the  name  °of  the  Lord, 


Part  VIII.]  OF  THE  SABBATHS  OF  YEARS— THE  JUBILEE.  215 

i3ohi.5,u,'22.   and  'cursed.   And  they  ^brought  him  unto  Moses,  (and   his   mother's 
jEx.  ]8.22,26.     name  was   Shelomith,  the  daughter  of  Dibri,  of  the   tribe   of  Dan,) 


iNu.  15.  34.  i2gj^(j  ii^Qy  frput  j^jj^^  jj^  Ward,  tthat  the  mind  of  the  Lord  might  be 
^,u,ttkL'7ccord-  showed  them.  ^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^ "  Bring 
%MVlord!'''    forth  him  that  hath  cursed  without  the  camp  ;  and  let  all  that  heard 

Ex.  18.  15,  1(3. 
Nu.  27.  5. 
I  Ue.  13.  9. 


him  'lay  their  hands  upon  his  head,  and  let  all  the  congregation  stone 
him.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  Who- 
otLc.  5. 1.  Nu.  soever  curseth  his  God  "'shall  bear  his  sin.  ^^  And  he  that  "blasphem- 
7^1  Ki  21  10  13.  ^^^^  *h^  name  of  the  Lord,  he  shall  surely  be  put  to  death,  and 
Ps.  74.  10, 18.  all  the  congregation  shall  certainly  stone  him :  as  well  the  stranger, 
2. 7.'  'as  he  that  is  born  in  the  land,  when  he  blasphemeth  the  name  ^of  the 
b|ec  ver.  11.-    Lqj^j)^  gj^all  be  put  to  death. 

X  Heb.  smiteth  the       ^^  "  And  hc  that  tkilleth  any  man  shall  surely  be  put  to  death.  ^®  And  he 

that  killeth  a  beast  shall  make  it  good  ;  *beast  for  beast.  ^^  And  if  a  man 

cause  a  blemish  in  his  neighbour  ;  °as  he  hath  done,  so  shall  it  be  done 

Heb.  life  for      to  lum ;  '^^  brcach  for  breach,  eye  for  eye,  tooth  for  tooth  :  as  he  hath 

0  Ex.  21.24.  Mat.  causcd  a  blcmish  in  a  man,  so  shall  it  be  done  to  him  again.  ^^  And  ^he 

5. 38.  &  7. 2.      that  killeth  a  beast,  he  shall  restore  it ;  and  he  that  killeth  a  man,  he 

^  Ex  12  49         ^'^^^^  ^^  P"^  *°  death.  ^^  Ye  'shall  have  one  manner  of  law,  as  well 

for  the  stranger,  as  for  one  of  your  own  country  ;  for  I  am  the  Lord 

your  God." 

2^  And  Moses  spake  to  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  should  bring 
forth  him  that  had  cursed  out  of  the  camp,  and  stone  him  with  stones. 
And  the  children  of  Israel  did  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 


life  of  a  man. 
Ex.  21.  12.  Nu. 
35.  31.  De.  19. 
11,  IS 


=ECT.  XL. 


Hales,  1647. 
Sinai. 


2.  3.  2  Ch.  36. 
21. 


Section    XL. Of  the  Sabbaths  of  Years  ; — The  Jubilee. 

Lev.  XXV. 

A.  M.   2ol4.       TJie  Sabbath  of  the  seventh  ijear.     QThe  jubilee  in  the  fiftieth  year.     U  Of  oppression.     \^  A  bless- 
^'^J^^^al'-,  ing  of  obedience.    2Z  The  redemption  of  land,    '2Q  of  houses.    2,5  Compassion  of  the  poor.  Si's  The 

usage  of  bondmen,     ill  The  redemption  of  servants. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  in  Mount  Sinai,  saying,  ^  "  Speak 
unto  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When   ye  come  into 
luh.rest.  Ge.    tlic  land  which  I  give  you,  then  shall  the  land  *keep  a  Sabbath  unto 
the  Lord.  ^  Six  years  thou  shalt  sow  thy  field,  and  six  years  thou  shalt 
prune  thy  vineyard,  and  gather  in  the  fruit  thereof ;  "*  but  in  the  seventh 
year  shall  be  a  Sabbath  of  rest  unto  the  land,  a  Sabbath  for  the  Lord  : 
a2Ki.  19.29.      thou  shalt  neither  sow  thy  field,  nor  prune  thy  vineyard.  ^  That  "which 
groweth  of  its  own  accord  of  thy  harvest  thou  shalt  not  reap,  neither 
^aral'on!""-'  "''"  gather  the  grapes  tof  thy  vine  undressed  ;  for  it  is  a  year  of  rest  unto 
the  land.  ^  And  the  Sabbath  of  the  land  shall  be  meat  for  you  ;  for 
thee,  and  for  thy  servant,  and  for  thy  maid,  and  for  thy  hired  servant, 
and  for  thy  stranger  that  sojourneth  with  thee,  "  and  for  thy  cattle,  and 
for  the  beast  that  are  in  thy  land,  shall  all  the  increase  thereof  be  meat. 
^  "  And  thou  shalt  number  seven  Sabbaths  of  years  unto  thee,  seven 
times    seven    years  ;  and  the  space  of  the  seven  Sabbaths    of  years 
shall  be  unto  thee,  forty  and  nine  years.  ^Then  shalt  thou  cause  the 
+  Heb.  loud  of      trumpet  tof  the  jubilee  to  sound  on  the  tenth  day  of  the  seventh  month, 
ftTe'ts  24  27     '""^  ^'^"^  ^^^  ^^  atoncmcnt  shall  ye  make  the  trumpet  sound  throughout 
cis!6i.'2?Je"34.  all  your  land.  ^''And  ye  shall  hallow  the  fiftieth  year,  and   'proclaim 
Mo,  17.  Lu.  4.  li^gj-ty  throughout  all  the  land  unto  all  the  inhabitants  thereof:  it  shall 
dNu  36.4.         be  a  jubilee  unto  you  ;  "and  ye  shall  return  every  man  unto  his  posses- 
sion, and  ye  shall  return  every  man  unto  his  family.  ^^  A  jubilee  shall 
that  fiftieth  year  be  unto  you,  ye  shall  not  sow,  neither  reap  that  which 
groweth  of  itself  in  it,  nor  gather  the  grapes  in  it  of  thy  vine  undressed. 
^^  For  it  is  the  jubilee  ;  it  shall  be  holy  unto  you  ;  ye  shall  eat  the  in- 
fgi^s-^27. 24.  Nu.  crease  thereof  out  of  the  field.  ^^  In  'the  year  of  this  jubilee  ye  shall  re- 
/Le.  19.13.  isa.  tum  cvcry  man  unto  his  possession.  ^^  And  if  thou  sell  aught  unto  thy 
2ri^co.  6.^8.'  ^'  neighbour,  or  buyest  aught  of  thy  neighbour's  hand,  -^ye  shall  not  oppress 


216  OF  THE  SABBATHS  CF  YEARS— THE  JUBILEE.       [Period  HI. 

e  Le.  27. 18, 23.  oiic  aiiother.  ^^  According  ^to  the  number  of  years  after  the  jubilee 
thou  shah  buy  of  thy  neighbour,  and  according  unto  the  number  of 
years  of  the  fruits  he  shall  sell  unto  thee.  ^"^^  According  to  the  multitude 
of  years  thou  shalt  increase  the  price  thereof,  and  according  to  the 
fewness  of  years  thou  shalt  diminish  the  price  of  it ;  for  according  to  the 
number  of  the  years  of  the  fruits  doth  he  sell  unto  thee.  ^"  Ye  shall  not 
A  I.e.  19. 14,32.    therefore  oppress  one  another  ;  ''but  thou  shalt  fear  thy  God  :  for  I  am 

the  Lord  your  God. 
i  Le.  19. 37.  16 '.  Wherefore  'ye  shall  do  my  statutes,  and  keep  my  judgments,  and 

ig^e^^2G- I^Ps. 4.  do  them;  ^and  ye  shall  dwell  in  the  land  in  safety,  i-' And  the  land 
ftLe.  26.5.EZ.  shall  yield  her  fruit,  and  *ye  shall  eat  your  fill,  and  dwell  therein  in 
34. 25, 27, -28.  gafcty.  "'^ And  if  ye  shall  say,  'What  shall  we  eat  the  seventh  year? 
'  '  behold,  we  shall  not  sow,  nor  gather  in  our  increase,  -^  Then  I  will 
'ex.^16^29^"  ^^^  '"command  my  blessing  upon  you  in  the  si.xth  year,  and  it  shall  bring 
n2Ki.  19. 29.  forth  fruit  for  three  years.  --And  "ye  shall  sow  the  eighth  year,  and 
ojos. 5. 11, 12.     eat  yet  Qf  "^x^  fruit  until  the  ninth  year;  until  her  fruits  come  in  ye 

shall  eat  of  the  old  store. 

*o^,to},r quite         23  i.  -pj^g  laud  sliall  uot  bc  sold  *for  ever  ;  for  'the  land  is  mine,  for 

ciutingoff. '       ye  are  'strangers  and  sojourners  with  me.  ^''  And  in  all  the  land  of  your 

^s'ch.^?;  20.' Ps.    possession  ye  shall  grant  a  redemption  for  the  land. 

85.  I.Joel  2. 18.       25  u  j£  ^thy  brotlicr  bc  wa.xcn  poor,  and  hath  sold  away  some  of  his 

'ps.  39.'i2.  I'pe.  possession,  and  if  "any  of  his  kin  come  to  redeem  it,  then  shall  he  re- 

Au^''  20  &  4   deem  that  which  his  brother  sold.  ~'^  And  if  the  man  have  none  to 

4, 6.  redeem  it,  and  thimself  be  able  to  redeem  it ;  -"  then  let  him  count  the 

^ m.^}f.'3i'7%^.'  years  of  the  sale  thereof,  and  restore  the  overplus  unto  the  man  to 

i  Heh.  kis  hand     whoiii  lic  sold  it;  that  he  may  return  unto  his  possession.  ^^But  if  he 

faicnd  ^i^imaj.  hc  uot  able  to  restore  it  to  him,  then  that  which  is  sold  shall  remain 

^^"  ^'  ^'  in  the  hand  of  him  that  hath  bought  it  until  the  year  of  jubilee  ;  and 

in  the  jubilee  it  shall  go  out,  and  he  shall  return  unto  his  possession, 

2^ "  And  if  a  man  sell  a  dwelling  house  in  a  walled  city,  then  he 

may  redeem  it  within  a  whole  year  after  it  is  sold  ;  within  a  full  year 

may  he  redeem  it,  -^^  And  if  it  be  not  redeemed  within  the  space  of  a 

full  year,  then  the  house  that  is  in  the  walled  city  shall  be  established 

for  ever  to  him  that  bought  it  throughout  his  generations  ;  it  shall  not 

go  out  in  the  jubilee,  ^^  But  the  houses  of  the  villages  which  have  no 

XHeh.redemviicm  walls  rouud  about  thciu  sliall  be  counted  as  the  fields  of  the  country  : 

f*4e"Nu*35"2^'  ^^^^^^  "^^^'  ^^  redeemed,  and  they  shall  go  out  in  the  jubilee.  ^-Not- 

*  Or,  one  of  the     withstanding  'the  cities  of  the  Levites,  and  the  houses  of  the  cities  of 

tAem!''"^*''"'"     their  possession,  may  the  Levites  redeem  at  any  time,  ^^  And  if  *a  man 

uSoeAc.  4.36,    purchasc  of  the  Levites,  then  the  house  that  was  sold,  and  the  city  of 

r,',  u  ..  ,    .     his  possession,  shall  go  out  in  the  year  of  jubilee  ;  for  the  houses  of 

faueth.  the  Cities  of  the   Levites  are  their  possession  among  the  children  oi 

^De^tTf'ps  Israel,  ^* But  "the  field  of  the  suburbs  of  their  cities  may  not  be  sold ; 

37.26.  Pr.  14.     for  it  is  thcir  perpetual  possession, 

Ac.  u.'29.  Ro.        35  u  ^,)d  jf  thy  brother  be  wa.ven  poor,  and  f  fallen  in  decay  with  thee, 


17.  then  thou  shalt  t relieve   him,  (yea,  though  he  be  a  stranger,  or  a  so- 


31.  I-u.  6.  35 
Ac.  11.  29.  R 
12.  18.  1  Jo.  3. 
17. 

c Ex. 22. 25.  De.  joumcr  ;)  that  he  may  live  with  thee,  ■'''Take  'thou  no  usury  of  him 
Vs.  15. 5.%r.'  ■  or  increase,  but  "fear  thy  God  ;  that  thy  brother  may  live  with  thee, 
S  i7.^&  22^12'  ^'Thou  shalt  not  give  him  thy  money  upon  usury,  nor  lend  him  thy 
v>  Ne.  5. 9.  victuals  for  increase,  ^^  I  ""am  the  Lord  your  God,  which  brought  you 

yEx"2^'9.  iKi.  ^^^'^^  ^ut  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  to  give  you  the  land   of  Canaan,  and 

14!'  ■  ■  "'  '  30  a  ;Ynd  "if  thy  brother  that  dwclleth  by  thee  be  waxen  poor,  and  be 
*J!rwM Aim wwi  sold  unto  thee ;  thou  shalt  not  *comi)cl  him  to  serve  as  a  bondservant, 
^e'r"" 'ex^i'  ^°  -^"t  ^^  ^  hired  servant,  and  as  a  sojourner,  he  shall  be  with  thee, 
i4.je.25.  i4.'&  and  shall  serve  thee  unto  the  year  of  jubilee.  ''^  And  then  shall  he  depart 
I  Ex.  21. 3.         ^roni  thee,  both  he  and  his  children  "'with  him,  and  shall  return  unto 


Part  VIII.]  PROPHETIC  THREATENINGS  AND  CURSES.  217 

his  own  family,  and  unto  the  possession  of  his  fathers  shall  he  return. 
aRo.  6.5W.  'i^For  they  are  "my  servants,  which  I  brought  forth  out  of  the  land  of 

^^ei/abonl      Egypt;  they  shall  uot  bo  sold  tas   bondmen.  "^^Thou   'shalt  not  rule 


man. 


b  Ep.  6.  9. 


(/Ex.  1.  17,21 
e  Is.  56.  3,  6. 


serve  yourselves 
with  them,  ver. 
39. 

*  Heb.  his  hand 
obtain,  ^c.  ver. 
26. 


over 


him  'with  rigor ;  but  "shalt  fear  thy  God.  '''*  Both  thy  bondmen, 
c  E.x!  "i.  13.  and  thy  bondmaids,  which  thou  shalt  have,  shall  be  of  the  heathen 
that  are  round  about  you  ;  of  them  shall  ye  buy  bondmen  and  bond- 
maids. ^^  Moreover  of  'the  children  of  the  strangers  that  do  sojourn 
among  you,  of  them  shall  ye  buy,  and  of  their  families  that  are  with 
you,  which  they  begat  in  your  land  ;  and  they  shall  be  your  possession. 
/Is.  14. 2.  46  ^j-,(j  /yg  gj^j^ji  ^^j,g  jj^gj^^  ^g  j^j-j  inheritance  for  your  children  after  you, 

^^rfe'yolrselL  ^^  i»'ierit  thcm  for  a  possession,  tthey  shall  be  your  bondmen  for  ever  ; 
but  over  your  brethren  the  children  of  Israel,  ye  shall  not  rule  one 
over  another  with  rigor. 

'''  "  And  if  a  sojourner  or  a  stranger  *wax  rich  by  thee,  and  thy  brother 

that  dvvelleth  by  him  wax  poor,  and  sell  himself  unto  the  stranger  or 

sojourner   by  thee,  or  to  the  stock  of  the  stranger's   family;  ^8  after 

that  he  is  sold  he  may  be  redeemed  again.     One  of  his  brethren  may 

^rNe.5.5.  "'redeem  him  ;  **9 either  his  uncle,  or  his  uncle's  son,  may  redeem  him, 

or  any  that  is  nigh  of  kin  unto  him  of  his  family  may  redeem  him  ;  or 

if  he  be  able,  he  may  redeem  himself.  ^^  And  he  shall  reckon  with  him 

that  bought  him  from  the  year  that  he  was  sold  to  him  unto  the  year 

of  jubilee  ;  and  the  price  of  his  sale  shall  be  according  unto  the  num- 

Y^ob7.i.  is.16.  J3g,.  of  years,   ^according  to  the  time  of  a  hired  servant  shall   it  be 

with  him.  ^^  If  there  be  yet  many  years  behind,  according  unto  them 

he  shall  give  again  the  price  of  his  redemption  out  of  the  money  that 

he   was  bought   for.  ^~  And   if  there  remain  but  few  years  unto  the 

year  of  jubilee,  then  he  shall   count  with  him,  and    according   unto 

^  Or,  by  these       his  ycars  shall  he  give  him  again  the  price  of  his  redemption.  ^^'And 

iEx"2J.2,3.       as  a  yearly  hired  servant  shall  he  be  with   him;  and   the   other  shall 

not  rule  with  rigor  over  him  in  thy  sight.  ^'^  And  if  he  be  not  redeemed 

SECT.  xLi.    ^^"  ^'^^"'^®  years,  then  ^he  shall  go  out  in  the  year  of  jubilee,  both  he,  and 
"   _  his  children  with  him.  ^'^  For  unto  me  the  children   of  Israel  are  ser- 

A.  Ji.  2514.      vants  ;  they  are  my  servants  whom  I  brought  forth  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt :   I  am  the  Lord  your  God." 

Section  XLI. — Prophetic  Thrcatenings  and  Curses. 

a  Ex.  20.  4,  5.  L^^-  ^^^i' 

De.  5.  8.  Ps.  97.    Of  idolatry.     2  Religiousness.     3  A  blessing  to  them  that  keep  the  commandmenls.     14  A  curse  to 
"•  those  that  break  them.     40  God  promiseth  to  remember  them  that  repent. 

]ol'flZ'ed  ^  "  ^^  ^^^^^  "^^'^^  ^^^  ""^  **^*^'^  ^^^  graven  image,  neither  rear  you 

.J«..'Heb.  a  up  a  *standing  image,  neither  shall  ye  set  up  any  timage  of  stone  in 

bGl'.l^'^''"'''  yo;^''  land,  to  bow  down  unto  it ;  for  I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 

c  De.  11. 13-15.  ~  "  Ye  'shall  keep  my  Sabbaths,  and  reverence  my  sanctuarv  :  I  am  the 

rf  Is.  30.  23.  Ez.      T„  ^  ^ 

34.  26.  Joel  2.        -LiORD. 

ef '  a  6  Ez  ^  "'^  '^^  ^^^'^  "^  ™^  Statutes,  and  keep  my  commandments,  and  do 

'34"27.ze.8.'i2.  them;  ''then  ''I  will  give  you  rain  in  due  season,  'and  the  land  shall 
"Cfr:^:  ^,n  n„   ^'^®'*^  ^^^^  increase,  and  the  trees  of  the  field  shall  yield  their  fruit.  ^  And 
-^your  threshing  shall  reach   unto  the  vintage,  and   the  vintage   shall 
reach  unto  the  sowing  time  ;  and  °ye  shall  eat  your  bread  to  the  full, 
ii-  i«-^  and  Mwell  in  your  land  safely.  ^^  And  'I  will  give  peace  in   the  land, 

'ps*:29.^ii.'^"  and  ^ye  shall  lie  down,  and  none  shall  make  you  afraid  ;  and  I  will  trid 
jp=*.3.5.is.35.9.  evil  beasts  out  of  the  land,  neither  shall  '^the  sword  go  through  your 
^c"t'  Tk\.  17.  land.  "^  And  ye  shall  chase  your  enemies,  and  they  shall  fall  before  you  by 
ki^u  %"■  *^^  sword.  «  And  'five  of  you  shall  chase  an  hundred,  and  an  hundred 
ii^.?.i.w.  Jos.  of  you  shall  put  ten  thousand  to  flight ;  and  your  enemies  shall  fall  be- 
fore you  by  the  sword.  '^  For  I  will  '"have  respect  unto  you,  and  "make 
you  fruitful,  and  multiply  you,  and  establish  my  covenant  with  you. 
Leias.'ol"  ^"^  And  ye  shall  eat  "old  store,  and  bring  forth  the  old  because  of  the 
VOL.   I.  23  *c 


B.  C.  14<)0. 

Hales,  1647. 

Sinai. 


g  Lc.  i>5.  19.  De 
1!.  15.  Joel  2. 
I'J,  2ti. 

h  Le.  25.  18.   Job 


23.  10. 
m  Ex.  2.  25. 

6,7, 


218  PROPHETIC  THREATENINGS  AND  CURSES.     [Period  III. 


21.  3, 
o  Le.  20.  23.  De 

3:2.  19. 
r  See  Ge.  17.  8. 


Je.  5.  17.  Mic. 


a  Ju.  2.  14.  Je 
19.7 


49.  4. 
/De.  11.17.  Hag. 
10, 


pjEx.^25. 8.  Ke.     new.  ^^  And  ''I  will  set  my  tabernacle  among  you  ;  and  my  soul  shall 

not  'abhor  you.   '-  And  'I  will  walk  among  you,  and  will  be  your  God, 

and  ye  shall  be  my  people.   ^^  I  am  the  Lord  your  God,  which  brought 

you  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  that  ye  should  not  be  their  bondmen  ; 

Je.  2.  20.  'a,ij  I  }iave  broken  the  bands  of  your  yoke,  and  made  you  go  upright. 

^''•217.  1^ '' But  'if  ye  will  not  hearken  unto  me,  and  will  not  do  all  these 

2Ki.  17. 15.      commandments;  ^^  and  if  ye  shall  "despise   my  statutes,  or   if  your 

soul  abhor  my  judgments,  so  that  ye  will  not  do  all  my  command- 

Do^Ztii!"'   ments,  but  that  ye  break  my  covenant :   ^^  I  also  will  do  this  unto  you  ; 

Je.  15.8.  ^        I  -will  even  appoint  *over  you  terror,  "consumption,  and  the  burning 

l^sa^a.^'s.       ague,  that  shall  ""consume  the  eyes,  and  cause  sorrow  of  heart ;  and  'ye 

De.  28.33,51.    shall  SOW  your  seed  in  vain,  for  your  enemies  shall  eat  it.  ^^  And  I  will 

set  my  face  against  you,  and  ^ye  shall  be  slain  before  your  enemies; 

""they  that  hate  you  shall  reign  over  you,  and  "ye  shall  flee  when  none 

zPs.106.41.       pursueth  you.   ^"^  And  if  ye  will  not  yet  for  all  this  hearken  unto  me, 

"Z^.'l'  ^'  ^''      then  I  will  punish  you  ''seven  times  more  for  your  sins.  ^'-^  And  I  will 

4  1  sa.  2. 5.  Pr.     'bieak  the  pride  of  your  power,  and  ''I  will  make  your  heaven  as  iron, 

£~is. 25. 11. Ez.    and  your  earth  as  brass;  -''and  your  'strength  shall  be  spent  in  vain, 

7.  24.  ■  foi-  /your  land  shall  not  yield  her  increase,  neither  shall  the  trees  of  the 

dDe.  28.  23.  ,         i       ■    i  i    ,i      •      .-      -^ 

rPs.  ]27.  ].i3.     land  yield  their  truits. 

~i ''  And"  if  ye  walk  tcontrary  unto  me,  and  will  not  hearken  unto 
me;  I  will  bring  seven  times  more  plagues  upon  you  according  to  your 
a  Or,  And  if  ye  sins.  "I  °will  also  scud  wild  beasts  among  you,  which  shall  rob  you 
even  then,  &c.  ^^  ^^^^  children,  and  destroy  your  cattle,  and  make  you  few  in  num- 
]  Or,  at  all  a<i-     jjer  ;  aud  S'our  high  ways  shall  be  desolate.  ^^  And  if  ye  'will  not  be 

vultures  loithmc,  ^   '  ,   ,    •'  ,     °  ,  •'  ,   .  ,  .,,  ,,  ,  ,  04  »i 

and  so  ver.24.  reformed  by  me  by  these  things,  but  will  walk  contrary  unto  me  ;  -^  then 
°Ez!^5. 17.^'  ^will  I  also  walk  contrary  unto  you,  and  will  punish  you  yet  seven 
/tJu.5. 6.2Ch.  times  for  your  sins.  ^^  And  *1  will  bring  a  sword  upon  you,  that  shall 
La.^'i.  I'.  '  '  avenge  the  quarrel  of  my  covenant ;  and  when  ye  are  gathered  to- 
» Je^-g3o-  Am.  gether  within  your  cities,  '1  will  send  the  pestilence  among  you  ;  and 
j2Sa.^.27.  Ps.  ye  shall  be  delivered  into  the  hand  of  the  enemy.  ^*^  And  '"when  I  have 
AEz^s  17  broken  the  staff"  of  your  bread,  ten  women   shall  bake  your  bread  in 

J  Nu!  14. 12.  Je.    one  oven,  and  they  shall  deliver  you  your  bread  again  by  weight;  and 
14. 12.  Am.  4.     »yg  gj^g^jj  g^j^  ^j-ij  „Q|_  {^^3  satisfied. 

Ps.  105. 16.  Is.       27  a  ^,-,j  jf  yg  ^yiU  uot  for  all  this  hearken  unto  me,  but  walk  con- 
..i3!'9.2o.  trary  unto  me  ;  ~^  then  I  will  walk  contrary  unto  you  also  "in  fury,  and 

0  Is.  59j^^8.^Je^_^  I^  even  I,  will  chastise  you  seven  times  for  your  sins.  -'■'  And  ''ye  shall 
21.5.  Ez.  5.  1  ,  ^^^  ^j^^  ^^^j^  ^^  ^^^^  sons,  and  the  flesh  of  your  daughters  shall  ye  eat. 
''5"  io.'La~4.  m:  ^"  And  'I  will  destroy  your  high  places,  and  cut  down  your  images,  and 
,2Ch.34.3,4,  ''cast  your  carcasses  upon  the  carcasses  of  your  idols,  and  my  soul  shall 
eia-efib^^''  'abhor  you.  ^^  And 'I  will  make  your  cities  waste,  and  "bring  your 
r2Ki.23.20.  gauctuaries  unto  desolation,  and  I  will  not  smell  the  savour  of  your 
.Ps.78..59.Je.  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^^  32  ^nd  "I  will  bring  the  land  into  desolation:  and  your 
'Ne^2.3.Je.4.  encmies  which  dwell  therein  shall  be  "astonished  at  it.  =^^  And  'I  will 
«Ps.  74.7.'La.  scattcr  you  among  the  heathen,  and  will  draw  out  a  sword  after  you  ; 
r^Je.°9.1i'.^'  '^'  and  your  land  shall  be  desolate,  and  your  cities  waste.  '-^^  Then  '■'shall  the 
wiKi.9.8.  Jo.  land  enjoy  her  Sabbaths,  as  long  as  it  lieth  desolate,  and  ye  be  in  your 
zvJ.^^iLil'''  enemies'  land  ;  even  then  shall  the  land  rest,  and  enjoy  her  Sabbaths. 
9.JC.E/..12.1.5.  35  ^Ys  loug  as  it  lieth  desolate  it  shall  rest;  because  it  did  not  rest  in 
y/ch!36!2i.  your  Sabbaths,  when  ye  dwelt  upon  it.  ■"'And  upon  them  that  are  left 
alive  of  you  ""1  will  send  a  faintness  into  their  hearts  in  the  lands  of 
their  enemies ;  and  "the  sound  of  a  tshaken  leaf  shall  chase  them  ; 
and  they  shall  flee,  as  fleeiiig  from  a  sword  ;  and  they  shall  fall  when 
Xiieb. driven,  ^oue  pursucth.  3' Aud  Hlicy  shall  fall  one  upon  another,  as  it  were 
*ju:7.%2.'fsa.  before  a  sword,  when  none  pursueth  ;  and  '"ye  shall  have  no  power  to 
stand  before  your  enemies.  ^^  And  ye  shall  perish  among  the  heathen, 
and  the  land  of  your  enemies  shall  eat  you  up.  '-^'^  And  they  that  are  left 


3.  1. 


Ge.  2. 
z  Ez.  21.  7,  12, 

15. 
a  Job  15.  21.  Pr. 


14.  15,  16. 
c  Jos.  7.  12,  13. 
Ju.  2.  14. 


Part  VIIL]  OF  VOWS,  THINGS  DEVOTED,  AND  TITHES.  219 

d  Ne.  1.  9.  Je.  3. 
9o.  &  29.  1-2,  13. 

fl  Ho.  5.15.  ze   ^^^^  '"  ^^^®  iniquities  of  their  fathers  shall  they  pine  away  with  them. 
'"•  9-  '       "*" "  If  'they  shall  confess  their  iniquity,  and  the  iniquity  of  their  fathers, 

8.33,35,47."" 


d  Ne.  1. 9.  Je.  3.   of  jqu  ^ghall  pine  away  in  their  iniquity  in  your  enemies'  lands;  and 

Kz.  4.  17.  &  t), ----- 

fl.  Ho.  5.  15.  Z 

10.  9. 
!  Nu.  .1.  7.  1  Ki 


with  their  trespass  which  they  trespassed  against  me,  and  that  also  they 


3,^4.  Pr."^*i3;  li^^c  walked  contrary  unto  me  ;  "^^  and  that  I  also  have  walked  contrary 
I'jo'i'g*^'  ""^*^  them,  and  have  brought  them  into  the  land  of  their  enemies  ;  if 
/See  Je.  6.  10.     then  their  -^uncircumcised  hearts  be  "^humbled,  and  they  then  accept  of 


T  1  Ki   21   29  -''^  ^^"•"■^■"•'^"•^  "1    itiv^ii    jiuv^uiij    .  iiiv.li   will   A     iciiiciiiuci    iiij^  i^uvciltllll 

AEx.  2. 24.  Ps.  with  Jacob,  and  also  my  covenant  with  Isaac,  and  also  my  covenant 
\m.  45.  Ez.  16.  with  Abraham  will  I  remember  ;  and  I  will  'remember  the  land.  '^^  Xhe 

iPs.  136.23.  land  also  shall  be  left  of  them,  and  shall  enjoy  her  Sabbaths,  while  she 
lieth  desolate  without  them,  and  they  shall  accept  of  the  punishment 
of  their  iniquity  ;  because,  even  because  they  despised  my  judgments, 
and  because  their  soul  abhorred  my  statutes.  '*^  And  yet   for  all   that, 

•'i3!"23'.Ro.^ih2.  ^^^^"  ^'^®y  ^^  '"  *'^®  ^'^'^^  of  their  enemies,  ■'I  will  not  cast  them  away, 
neither  will  I  abhor  them,  to  destroy  them  utterly,  and   to  break  my 

k  Ro.  11. 28.        covenant  with  them  ;  for  I  am  the   Lord  their  God.  ^^  But  I   will  *for 

I  Le.  23. 33.         tj^gj,.  gj^|^gg  lemember  the  covenant  of  their  ancestors,  'whom  I  brought 

"aa'g.'^M,^^'''    ^^^^^^  ^^^  of  the  land  of  Egypt  '"in   the  sight   of  the   heathen,  that  I 

?iLe. 27. 34.  De.  might  be  their  God:  I  am  the  Lord." 

46  'pi^ggg  "jj^^g  tjjg  statutes  and  judgments  and  laws,  which  the  Lord 
made  between  him  and  the  children  of  Israel  in  Mount   Sinai   by  the 

hand  of  Moses. 

SECT.  XLn.  Section  XLII. — Of  Vows,  Things  devoted,  and  Tithes. 

A.^^6U.  „     ,  ,     ,  ,  LEV.XXvii. 

B   C   1490  He  that  makeln  a  singular  voic  must  be  the  Lord's.     3  The  estimation  of  tlie  person.     9  Of  a  beast 

hIles   1647.  given  bij  vow.     14,  Of  a  house.     i6  Of  a  f  eld,  and  the  redemption  thereof.     ^S  No  devoted  thing 

'         '  may  be  redeemed.    32  Tlie  tithe  may  not  be  changed.  ° 

^'  ^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

aNu.  6.2.  See  drcu  of  Isiacl,  and  say  unto  them,  "When  a  man  shall  make  a  singular 
39."  1  safV^ii,  vow,  the  persons  shall  be  for  the  Lord  by  thy  estimation.  ^  And  thy 
^-  estimation  shall  be  of  the  male  from  twenty  years  old  even  unto  sixty 

years  old,  even  thy  estimation  shall  be  fifty  shekels  of  silver,  after  the 
shekel  of  the  sanctuary.  ^  And  if  it  be  a  female,  then  thy  estimation 
shall  be  thirty  shekels.  ^  And  if  it  be  from  five  years  old  even  unto 
twenty  years  old,  then  thy  estimation  shall  be  of  the  male  twenty  shekels, 
and  for  the  female  ten  shekels.  ^  And  if  it  be  from  a  month  old  even 
unto  five  years  old,  then  thy  estimation  shall  be  of  the  male  five 
shekels  of  silver,  and  for  the  female  thy  estimation  shall  be  three 
shekels  of  silver.  ''  And  if  it  be  from  sixty  years  old  and  above  ;  if  it 
be  a  male,  then  thy  estimation  shall  be  fifteen  shekels,  and  for  the 
female  ten  shekels.  ^But  if  he  be  poorer  than  thy  estimation,  then  he 
shall  present  himself  before  the  priest,  and  the  priest  shall  value  him ; 
according  to  his  ability  that  vowed  shall  the  priest  value  him. 

^  "  And  if  it  be  a  beast,  whereof  men  bring  an  oftering  unto  the 
Lord,  all  that  any  man  giveth  of  such  unto  the  Lord  shall  be  holy. 
^°  He  shall  not  alter  it,  nor  change  it,  a  good  for  a  bad,  or  a  bad  for  a 
good  ;  and  if  he  shall  at  all  change  beast  for  beast,  then  it  and  the  ex- 
change thereof  shall  be  holy.  ^^  And  if  it  be  any  unclean  beast,  of 
which  they  do  not  offer  a  sacrifice  unto  the  Lord,  then  he  shall  present 
the  beast  before  the  priest.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  value  it,  whether  it 
*i^tty'e^thZaoi  be  good  or  bad :  *as  thou  valuest  it,  who  art  the  priest,  so  shall  it  be. 
opriestiifc.  '  13  gut  ijf  ^g  ^iH  gj  ^u  redeem  it,  then  he  shall  add  a  fifth  part  thereof 
unto  thy  estimation. 

^'^ "  And  when  a  man  shall  sanctify  his  house  to  be  holy  unto  the 
Lord,  then  the  priest  shall  estimate  it,  whether  it  be  good  or  bad :  as 
the  priest  shall  estimate  it,  so  shall  it  stand.   ^^  And  if  he  that  sanctified 


220  NUMBER  AND  ORDER  OF  THE  TRIBES.        [Pkriod  III. 

it  will  redeem  his  house,  then  he  shall  add  the  fifth  part  of  the  money 
of  thy  estimation  unto  it,  and  it  shall  be  his. 

^^  '■  And  if  a  man  shall  sanctify  unto  the  Lord  some  part  of  a  field 

of  his  possession,  then  thy  estimation  shall  be  according  to  the  seed 

*  Ot,  the  ia,ui  of    tlicreof  I  fa  homer  of  barley  seed  shall  be  valued  at   fifty  shekels  of 

silver.  ^'  If  he  sanctify  his  field  from  the  year  of  jubilee,  according  to 

thy  estimation  it  shall  stand.  ^^  But  if  he  sanctify  his   field   after  the 

« Le.  25. 1 5,  iG.    jubilee,  then  the  priest  shall  "reckon  unto  him  the  money  according  to 

the  years  that  remain,  even  unto  the  year  of  tiie  jubilee,  and   it  shall 

be  abated  from  thy  estimation.  ^^  And  if  he  that  sanctified  the  field 

will  in  any  wise  redeem  it,  then  he  shall  add  the  fifth  part  of  the  money 

of  thy  estimation  unto  it,  and  it  shall  be  assured  to  liim.  ^^  And  if  he 

will  not  redeem  the  field,  or  if  he  have  sold  the  field  to  another  man, 

d^Le.25. 10,  28,    j^  gj^^u  ^q^  ^g  redeemed  any  more.  ^^  But  the  field,  ''when  itgoeth  out 

e  Nu.  18. 14.  Ez.  in  the  jubilcc,  shall  be  holy  unto  the  Lord,  as   a  field  devoted  ;  'the 

'*^'  ^'  possession  thereof  shall  be  the  priest's. 

2- "  And  if  a  man   sanctify  unto   the  Lord   a  field   which   he   hath 

/Le.26. 10,25.    bought,  which  is  not  of  the  fields  of  ^his  possession  ;  ^^  then  the  priest 

shall  reckon  unto  him  the  worth  of  thy  estimation,  even  unto  the  year 

of  the  jubilee  :  and  he  shall  give  thine  estimation  in  that  day,  as  a  holy 

g  he.  25. 28.        thing  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  In  ""die  year  of  the  jubilee  the  field  shall  return 

unto  him  of  whom  it  was  bought,  even  to  him  to  whom  the  possession 

of  the  land  did  belong.  ^^  And  all  thy   estimations  shall  be  according 

A  Ex.  30.  IX        to  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  :  "twenty  gerahs  shall  be  the  shekel. 

X  Heb.  jirstbom,        26  a  Only  the  tfirsthug  of  the  beasts,  which  should  be  the  Lord's  first- 

|c.jee    .X.     .  j.^^^^  ^^  ^^^^^^  ^j^^jj  sanctify  it ;  whether   it  be   ox,  or  sheep :    it  is  the 

Lord's.  -"^And  if  it  be  of  an  unclean  beast,  then  he  shall  redeem    it 

according  to  thine  estimation,  and  shall  add  a  fifth  part  of  it  thereto  ;  or 

if  it  be  not  redeemed,  then  it  shall  be  sold  according  to  thy  estimation. 

i  Jos.  6. 17-19.  28  u  Notwithstanding  'no  devoted  thing,  that  a  man  shall  devote  unto 

the  Lord  of  all  that  he  hath,  both  of  man  and  beast,  and  of  the  field 

of  his  possession,  shall  be  sold  or  redeemed  :    every  devoted  thing  is 

jNu.2i.2,3.       ^^^^  holy  unto  the  Lord.  2' None  ^devoted,  which  shall  be  devoted 

,     of  men,  shall  be  redeemed  ;  but  shall  surely  be  put  to  death. 

i8.%i,  24.  b  ch!       30  "  And  *^all  the  tithe  of  the  land,  whether  of  the  seed  of  the  land,  or 

i3:f2.\at.3.%  of  the  fruit  of  the  tree,  is  the  Lord's  ;  it  is  holy  unto  the  Lord,  ^i  And 

^^'  if  a  man  will  at  all  redeem  aught  of  his  tithes,  he  shall  add  thereto  the 

iSeeJe  33  13     ^^^^  P^''*"  thereof.  ^'^  And  concerning  the  tithe  of  the   herd,  or  of  the 

Ezf2o.'37.'Mi"c.  flock,  (eveii  of  whatsoever  'passeth  under   the  rod,)  the  tenth  shall  be 

or  crook'^of \°fe    holy  uuto  the  LoRD.  ^^  Hc  shall  not  search  whether  it  be  good  or  bad, 

mean'^of  which  neither  shall  he  change  it:  and  if  he  change  it  at  all,  then  both  it  and 

bered'fi^i."flock    tlio  chanffe  thereof  shall  be  holy  ;  it  shall  not  be  redeemed." 

-Ed.  34 These  "are  the  commandments,  which  the  Lord  commanded  Moses 

for  the  children  of  Israel  in  Mount  Sinai. 


Le.  2G.  46. 


SECT.  XLin.  Section  XLIII. —  The  Ninnbcring  of  the  Tribes,  and  their  Order. 

A.  Mr2.514.  Num.  i.  a7id  ii. 

B.C.  1490.  1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  "in  the   wilderness  of  Sinai,  'in 

"^'sh.'ai^"      the    tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  on   the   first  day  of  the   second 

—         month,  in  the  second   year  after  they  were  come   out   of  the   land  of 

nEx.  19. 1.         Egypt,   saying, -"  Take 'ye  the  sum   of  all   the   congrciration  of  the 

J  Ex.  25.  22.       children  of  Israel,  after  their  families,  by  the  house  of  their   fathers, 

c  Ex.  30. 12.        ^^,jjj^  ^j^g  number  of  their  names,  every  male  by  their  polls  ;  ^  from  twenty 

years  old  and  upward,  all  that  are  able  to  go  forth  to  war  in  Israel  : 

thou  and  Aaron  shall  number  them   by  their  armies.  "*  And  with  you 

there  shall  be  a  man  of  every  tribe  ;  every  one  head  of  the  house  of  his 

fathers. 


/Ex.  18.  21,  25. 


Part  VIII.]  NUMBER  AND  ORDER  OF  THE  TRIBES.  221 

^  "  And  these  are  the  names  of  the  men  that  shall  stand  with  you  : — of 
the  tribe  of  Reuben,  Elizur  the  son  of  Shedeur  ;  "^  of  Simeon,  Shelumiel 
the  son  of  Zurishaddai ;  '  of  Judah,  Nahshon  the  son  of  Amminadab  ; 
^  of  Issachar,  Nethaneel  the  son  of  Zuar  ;  ^  of  Zebulun,  Eliab  the  son 
of  Helon  ;  ^^  of  the  children  of  Joseph — of  Ephraini,  Elishama  the 
son  of  Ammihud  ;  of  Manasseh,  Gamaliel  the  son  of  Pedahzur  ;  ^^  of 
Benjamin,  Abidan  the  son  of  Gideoni ;  ^^of  Dan,  Ahiezer  the  son  of 
Ammishaddai ;  ^^  of  Asher,  Pagiel  the  son  of  Ocran;  ^' of  Gad,  Eliasaph 
<'Nu.2.^i4,^heis  the  son  of ''Deuel ;  ^^  of  Naphtali,  Ahira  the  son  of  Enan."  ^^  These 
fNu.  7.2.  1  ch.  "vvere  the  renowned  of  the  congregation,  princes  of  the  tribes  of  their 
fathers,  •'^heads  of  thousands  in  Israel. 

^^  And  Moses  and  Aaron  took  these  men  which  are  expressed  by 
their  names  ;  ^^  and  they  assembled  all  the  congregation  together  on  the 
first  day  of  the  second  month,  and  they  declared  their  pedigrees  after 
their  families,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number 
of  the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  by  their  polls.  ^^  As 
the  Lord  commanded  Moses,  so  he  numbered  them  in  the  wilderness 
of  Sinai. 

-•^  And  the  children  of  Reuben,  Israel's  eldest  son,  by  their  gener- 
ations, after  their  families,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to 
the  number  of  the  names,  by  their  polls,  every  male  from  twenty  years 
old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to  war ;  ^^  those  that 
were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  were  forty  and 
six  thousand  and  five  hundred. 

^~  Of  the  children  of  Simeon,  by  their  generations,  after  their  families, 
by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  ac- 
cording to  the  number  of  the  names,  by  their  polls,  every  male  from 
twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to  war ; 
^•^ those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe  of  Simeon, 
were  fifty  and  nine  thousand  and  three  hundred. 

-^  Of  the  childreo  of  Gad,  by  their  generations,  after  their  families, 
by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the  names, 
from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to 
war;  ^^  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe  of  Gad, 
were  forty  and  five  thousand  six  hundred  and  fifty. 

^^  Of  the  children  of  Judah,  by  their  generations,  after  their  families, 
by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the  names, 
from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to 
war ;  -^  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe  of 
Judah,  were  threescore  and  fourteen  thousand  and  six  hundred. 

^^  Of  the  children  of  Issachar,  by  their  generations,  after  their  fam- 
ilies, by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go 
forth  to  war  ;  ^^  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe 
of  Issachar,  were  fifty  and  four  thousand  and  four  hundred. 

^°  Of  the  children  of  Zebulun,  by  their  generations,  after  their  fam- 
ihes,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go 
forth  to  war ;  ^^  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe 
of  Zebulun,  were  fifty  and  seven  thousand  and  four  hundred. 

"'^Of  the  children  of  Joseph,  namely,  of  the  children  of  Ephraim, 
by  their  generations,  after  their  families,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers, 
according  to  the  number  of  the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  up- 
g  Ge.  -48. 19.  ward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to  war  ;  ^^  those  that  were  'num- 
bered of  them,  even  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim,  were  forty  thousand  and 
five  hundred. 

^*  Of  the  children   of  Manasseh,   by  their  generations,  after  their 

VOL.   I.  *  S 


22-2  NUMBER  AND  ORDER  OF  THE  TRIBES.         [Period  II). 

families,  by  tlie  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go 
forth  to  war ;  ='^  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe 
of  Manasseh,  were  thirty  and  two  thousand  and  two  hundred. 

^'  Of  the  children  of  Benjamin,  by  their  generations,  after  their  fam- 
ilies, by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the 
names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go 
forth  to  war  ;  ^'  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe 
of  Benjamin,  were  thirty  and  five  thousand  and  four  hundred. 

=^^Of  the  children  of  Dan,  by  their  generations,  after  their  famihes, 
by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the  names, 
from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to 
war ;  ^^  those  that  v/ere  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe  of  Dan, 
Vvcrc  threescore   and  two  thousand  and  seven  hundred. 

1^''  Of  the  children  of  Asher,  by  their  generations,  after  their  families, 
by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according  to  the  number  of  the  names, 
from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to 
war  ;  ^^  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe  of  Asher, 
were  forty  and  one  thousand  and  five  hundred. 

^- Of  the  children  of  Naphtali,  throughout  their  generations,  after 

their  families,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  according   to  the  number 

of  the  names,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to 

go  forth  to  war  ;  ^^  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  even  of  the  tribe 

of  Naphtali,  were  fifty  and  three  thousand  and  four  hundred.  ''^  These 

ANu.23. 64.        '.j^re  those  that  were  numbered,  which  Moses  and  Aaron  numbered, 

and  the  princes  of  Israel,  being  twelve  men  ;  each  one  was  for  the 

house  of  his  fathers.  '^^  So  were  all  those  that  were   numbered  of  the 

children  of  Israel,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  from  twenty  years  old 

and  upward,  all  that  were  able  to  go  forth  to  war  in  Israel ;  -^^  even  all 

'^ixyi'37'Na    ^^^^y  ^'^^^  ""^^^'^  numbered  were  'six  hundred  thousand  and  three  thous- 

2. 32.  &  2j.  51.  and  and  five  hundred  and  fifty. 

'Nu'iti^rv'"  "Butnhe  Levites  after  the  tribe  of  their  fathers  were  not  num- 
bered among  them.  ''^  For  the  Lord  had  spoken  unto  Moses,  saying, 
/vNu.25.ca.  49  a  Q^iy  iji^ou  shalt  not  number  the  tribe  of  Levi,  neither  take  the 
n:x.  38.21.  Nu.  sum  of  them  among  the  children  of  Israel  ;  ^^  but  'thou  shalt  appoint 
^'  ^'  ^'  the  Levites  over  the  tabernacle  of  testimony,  and  over  all  the   vessels 

thereof,  and  over  all  things  that  belong  to  it.  They  shall  bear  the 
tabernacle,  and  all  the  vessels  thereof;  and  they  shall  minister  unto  it, 
"•!.f  38^"  ^■''"^'  '"'^"<^1  ^'1^^^  encamp  round  about  the  tabernacle.  ^^  And  "when  the  taber- 
nNu.  10. 17,21.  nacle  setteth  forward,  the  Levites  shall  take  it  down  ;  and  when  the 
0  xu.  3.  ]o,38.&  tabernacle  is  to  be  pitched,  the  Levites  shall  set  it  up  ;  "and  the  stranger 
^^'  ^''  that  cometh  nigh  shall  be  put  to  death.  ^^  And   tlie   children  of  Israel 

pNu.2.2,34.  shall  pitch  their  tents, ''every  man  by  his  own  camp,  and  every  man 
IP  10  6  Ni.  ^y  ^^^  ^^^  standard,  throughout  their  hosts.  ^^^  But  the  Levites  shall 
Vl9.&r6.46.  pitch  round  about  the  tabernacle  of  testimony,  that  there  be  no  'wrath 
&18.5.  isa.G.  ^^^^^^  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  ;  'and  the  Levites  shall 
'^"■^■^dch^w   '^^'^P  ^''^  charge  of  the  tabernacle  of  testimony." 

10 s^And  the   children  of  Israel  did   according  to  all  that  the   Lord 

commanded  Moses,  so  did  they. 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  say-       Num.  n. 
ing,  '^  "  Every  man  of  the  children  of  Israel  shall  pitch   by 
his  own  standard,  with  the  ensign  of  their  father's  house  ;  tfar  off  about 
the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  shall  they  pitch. 

3  "  And  on  the  East  Side 'toward  the  rising  of  the  sun  shall  they  of 

the  standard  of  the  camp  of  Judah  pitch  throughout  their  armies  ;  and 

J^To;'^ra;.\!^4:  'Nulishou  llic  son  of  Amminadab  shall  be  captain   of  the   children  of 

.Tudah.  -*  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were 


ugninst.Sc 


Paet  VIIL]  number  AND  ORDER  OF  THE  TRIBES.  223 

threescore  and  fourteen  thousand  and  six  hundred.  ^  And  those  that 
do  pitch  next  unto  him  shall  be  the  tribe  of  Issachar;  and  Nethaneel 
the  son  of  Zuar  shall  be  captain  of  the  children  of  Issachar.  ^  And 
his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  thereof,  were  fifty  and  four 
thousand  and  four  hundred.  "^  Then  the  tribe  of  Zebulun  ;  and  Eliab 
the  son  of  Melon  shall  be  captain  of  the  children  of  Zebulun.  ^And 
his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  thereof,  were  fifty  and  seven 
thousand  and  four  hundred.  ^  All  that  were  numbered  in  the  camp 
of  Judah  were  an  hundred  thousand  and  fourscore  thousand  and  six 

tNu.io.  14.        thousand  and  four  hundred,  throughout  their  armies.  'These  shall  first 
set  forth. 

10  "  On  the  South  Side  shall  be  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  Reuben 
according  to  their  armies  ;  and  the  captain  of  the  children  of  Reuben 
shall  be  Elizur  the  son  of  Shedeur.  ^^  And  his  host,  and  those  that 
were  numbered  thereof,  were  forty  and  six  thousand  and  five  hundred. 
1-  And  those  which  pitch  by  him  shall  be  the  tribe  of  Simeon  ;  and 
the  captain  of  the  children  of  Simeon  shall  be  Shelumiel  the  son  of 
Zurishaddai.  ^^  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them, 
were  fifty  and  nine  thousand  and  three  hundred.  ^'^  Then  the  tribe 
of  Gad  ;  and  the  captain  of  the  sons  of  Gad  shall  be  Eliasaph  the  son 

•  Deuel,  Nu.  1.     of  *Reuel.  ^^Aud  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were 

Kao*^'^^"    forty  and  five  thousand  and  six  hundred  and   fifty,  i'^  All  that  were 

numbered  in  the  camp  of  Reuben  were  an  hundred  thousand  and  fifty 

and  one  thousand  and  four  hundred  and  fifty,  throughout  their  armies. 

u  Nu.  10. 18,  &c.  "And  they  shall  set  forth  in  the  second  rank. 

1^ "  Then  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  shall  set  forward  with 
the  camp  of  the  Levites  in  the  midst  of  the  camp  ;  as  they  encamp, 
so  shall  they  set  forward,  every  man  in  his  place  by  their  standards. 

18  "  On  the  West  Side  shall  be  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  Ephraim 
according  to  their  armies  ;  and  the  captain  of  the  sons   of  Ephraim 

i>Ge.48.i9.        shall  be  Elishama  the  son  of  Ammihud.  ^^  And  "his  host,  and  those 
that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  forty  thousand  and  five  hundred. 

20  And  by  him  shall  be  the  tribe  of  Manasseh  ;  and  the  captain 
of  the  children  of  Manasseh  shall  be   Gamaliel  the   son   of  Pedahzur. 

21  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  thirty 
and  two  thousand  and  two  hundred.  ^2  Then  the  tribe  of  Benjamin  ; 
and  the  captain  of  the  sons  of  Benjamin  shall  be  Abidan  the  son  of 
Gideoni.  ^3  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were 
thirty  and  five  thousand  and  four  hundred.  ^4  All  that  were  numbered 
of  the  camp  of  Ephraim  were  an  hundred  thousand  and  eight  thousand 
and  an  hundred  throughout  their  armies.  And  they  shall  go  forward 
in  the  third  rank. 

25  "  The  standard  of  the  camp  of  Dan  shall  be  on  the  North  Side  by 
their  armies  ;  and  the  captain  of  the  children  of  Dan  shall  be  Ahiezer 
the  son  of  Ammishaddai.  ^6  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  num- 
bered of  them,  were  threescore  and  two  thousand  and  seven  hundred. 

27  And  those  that  encamp  by  him  shall  be  the  tribe  of  Asher  ;  and 
the  captain  of  the  children  of  Asher  shall  be  Pagiel  the  son  of  Ocran. 

28  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  forty  and 
one  thousand  and  five  hundred.  ^'J  Then  the  tribe  of  Naphtali  ; 
and  the  captain  of  the  children  of  Naphtali  shall  be  Ahira  the  son  of 
Enan.  ^^  And  his  host,  and  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were 
fifty  and  three  thousand  and  four  hundred,  ^i  All  they  that  were 
numbered  in  the  camp  of  Dan  were  an  hundred  thousand  and  fifty  and 
seven  thousand  and  six  hundred.  They  shall  go  hindmost  with  their 
standards." 

32  These  are  those  which  were  numbered  of  the  children  of  Israel  by 


224 


NUMBERING  AND  APPOINTMENT  OF  THE  LEVITES.     [Period  IIL 


"i^46  &'n"2i"'  ^^^  house  of  their  fathers  ;  "all  those  that  were  numbered  of  the  camps 
throughout  their  hosts  were  six  hundred  thousand  and  three  thousand 
and  five  hundred  and  fifty.  ^^  But  the  Levites  were  not  numbered 
among  the  children  of  Israel  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  according  to  all  that  the  Lord  com- 

z  Nu.  24. 2, 5,  c.  manded  Moses  ;  ""so  they  pitched  by  their  standards,  and  so  they  set 
forward,  every  one  after  their  families,  according  to  the  house  of  their 

■ fathers. 


.SECT.  XLIV. 

A.  M.  2514. 

B.  C.  1490. 

Hales,  1647. 

Sinui. 


a  See  Ex.  6.  23. 

b  Ex.  28.  41.  Le. 

viii. 
»  Heb.  whose  hand 

he  filled. 
c  Le.  10.  1.  Nu. 

2:.  Gl.  1  Ch. 


dNu. 
2. 


ePceNu.  I.  .'iO. 
&8.  11,  15,21, 
21). 


g  Xu.  IS.  7. 
h  Xu.  16.  4( 
i  Nu.  8.  16. 


j  See  Ex.  13.  2. 
k  Ex.  13.  12,  15. 


I  Nu.  25.  62. 

t  Hoi).  JH(m(/i.Gc. 

45.  21. 
mGe.  46.  11.  Ex. 

6.  16.  Nu.  26. 

57.  ICh.G.  1,16. 
n  Ex.  6.17. 
0  Ex.  6.  l.S,  &.C. 


The: 


Section  XLIV. —  The  Numbering  and  Appointment  of  the  Levites. 
Num.  iii.  and  iv. 
of  Aaron.     5  The  Levites  are  given  to  the  priests /or  the  service  of  the  tabernacle,   11  ; 


stead  of  the  firstborn.  14  The  Leriles  are  nuvtbered  by  their  families.  21  The  families,  number, 
and  charge  of  the  Gershoniles,  '^lof  the  Koliatliites,  33  of  the  Merarites.  38  The  place  and 
charge  of  Moses  and  Aaron.  40  Tiie  firstborn  are  freed  by  the  Lerites.  44  The  orerplus  are 
redeemed.  —  Chap.  iv.  1  The  age  and  time  of  the  Levites'  service.  4  Tlie  carriage  of  the  Koliatli- 
ites, tolien  the  priests  have  taken  dawn  the  tabenuicle.  16  The  charge  of  Eleazar.  17  The  of  ice 
of  the  priests.  21  The  carriage  of  the  Gershoniles.  2'J  The  carnage  of  the  Mera/ites.  M  The 
number  of  the  Kohathites,  38  of  the  Gershoniles,  42  and  of  the  Merarites. 

^  These  also  are  the  generations  of  Aaron  and  Moses  in  the  day  that 
the  Lord  spake  with  Moses  in  Mount  Sinai.  ^  And  these  are  the  names 
of  the  sons  of  Aaron  ;  Nadab  the  "firstborn,  and  Abihu.  Eleazar,  and 
Ithamar.  '^  These  are  the  names  of  the  sons  of  Aaron,  Hhe  priests  which 
were  anointed,  *wliom  he  consecrated  to  minister  in  the  priest's  office. 
^  And  "Nadab  and  Abihu  died  before  the  Lord,  when  they  offered 
strange  fire  before  the  Lord,  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai,  and  they  had 
no  children  ;  and  Eleazar  and  Ithamar  ministered  in  the  priest's  office 
in  the  sight  of  Aaron  their  father. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^ "  Bring  ''the  tribe  of 
Levi  near,  and  present  them  before  Aaron  the  priest,  that  they  may 
minister  unto  him.  '''  And  they  shall  keep  his  charge,  and  the  charge 
of  the  whole  congregation  before  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation, 
to  do  'the  service  of  the  tabernacle.  ^  And  they  shall  keep  all  the  in- 
struments of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  the  charge  of  the 
children  of  Israel,  to  do  the  service  of  the  tabernacle.  ^  And  -^thou  shall 
give  the  Levites  unto  Aaron  and  to  his  sons ;  they  are  wholly  given 
unto  him  out  of  the  children  of  Israel.  ^°  And  thou  shalt  appoint  Aaron 
and  his  sons,  'and  they  shall  wait  on  their  priest's  office  :  ''and  the 
stranger  that  cometh  nigh  shall  be  put  to  death." 

^^And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^~  "  And  I,  behold, 'I 
have  taken  the  Levites  from  among  the  children  of  Israel  instead  of  all 
the  firstborn  that  openeth  the  matrix  among  the  children  of  Israel :  there- 
fore the  Levites  shall  be  mine  :  ^^ because ^all  the  firstborn  are  mine; 
^'for  on  the  day  that  I  smote  all  the  firstborn  in  the  land  of  Eg}q)t  I 
hallowed  unto  me  all  the  firstborn  in  Israel,  both  man  and  beast :  mine 
they  shall  be  :  I  am  the  Lord." 

^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai,  saying, 
15  u  Number  the  children  of  Levi  after  the  house  of  their  fathers,  by 
their  families ;  'every  male  from  a  month  old  and  upward  shalt  thou 
number  them."  ^^  And  Moses  numbered  them  according  to  the  tword 
of  the  Lord,  as  he  was  commanded.  ^^  And  "these  were  the  sons  of 
Levi  by  their  names  ;  Gershon,  and  Kohath.  and  Merari.  ^^  And  these 
are  the  names  of  the  sons  of  Gershon  by  their  families ;  "Libni,  and 
Shimei.  ^'^  And  the  sons  of  Kohath  by  their  families  ;  "Amram,  and 
Izchar,  Hebron,  and  Uzziel.  ~^  And  the  sons  of  Merari  by  their  families  ; 
Malili,  and  Mushi.  These  are  the  families  of  t!ie  Levites  according  to 
the  house  of  their  fathers. 

-'  Of  Gershon  was  the  family  of  the  Libnites,  and  the  family  of  the 
Shimites  ;  these  are  the  families  of  the  Gershonites.  -^  Those  that 
were  numbered  of  them,  according  to  the   number  of  all  the  males, 


Part  VIIL] 

pNu, 

,  1.  53. 

?Nu. 

,  4. 24-26. 

rEx. 

25.9. 

sEx. 

26.  1. 

tEx. 

26.  7,  14. 

uEx, 

.  26.  36. 

uEx. 

.  27.  9. 

TO  Ex 

.  27.  16. 

2  Ex. 

35.  18. 

^Nu. 

.  4.  15. 

a  Ex. 

25.  10. 

6Ev. 

,  25.  23. 

cEx. 

25.  31. 

dEx. 

,  27.  1.  & 

30.1 

I. 

eEx. 

26.  32. 

NUMBERING  AND  APPOINTMENT  OF  THE  LEVITES         225 

from  a  month  old  and  upward,  even  those  that  were  numbered  of  them 
were  seven  thousand  and  five  hundred.  ^^  The  ^families  of  the  Ger- 
shonites  shall  pitch  behind  the  tabernacle  Westward.  ^"^  And  the  chief 
of  the  house  of  the  father  of  the  Gershonites  shall  be  Eliasaph  the  son  of 
Lael.  ^^  And  'the  charge  of  the  sons  of  Gershon  in  the  tabernacle  of 
the  congregation  shall  be  '^the  tabernacle,  and  "the  tent,  'the  covering 
thereof,  "and  the  hanging  for  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 
gregation. ^^  And  "the  hangings  of  the  court,  and  "the  curtain  for  the 
door  of  the  court,  which  is  by  the  tabernacle,  and  by  the  altar  round 
about,  and  ""the  cords  of  it  for  all  the  service  thereof. 

y  1  ch.  26. 23.  -"^  And  ^of  Kohath  was  the  family  of  the  Amramites,  and  the  family  of 

the  Izeharites,  and  the  family  of  the  Hebronites,  and  the  family  of  the 
Uzzielites  :  these  are  the  families  of  the  Kohathites.  ^^  In  the  number 
of  all  the  males,  from  a  month  old  and  upward,  were  eight  thousand 
and  si.\  hundred,  keeping  the  charge  of  the  sanctuary.  ^^  The  families 
of  the  sons  of  Kohath  shall  pitch  on  the  side  of  the  tabernacle  South- 
ward. ^^  And  the  chief  of  the  house  of  the  father  of  the  families  of  the 
Kohathites  shall  be  Ehzaphan  the  son  of  Uzziel.  ^^  And  "^their  charge 
shall  be  "the  ark,  and  'the  table,  and  "the  candlestick,  and  "^the  altars, 
and  the  vessels  of  the  sanctuary  wherewith  they  minister,  and  'the 
hanging,  and  all  tiie  service  thereof.  ^^  And  Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron 
the  priest  shall  be  chief  over  the  chief  of  the  Levites,  and  have  the 
oversight  of  them  that  keep  the  charge  of  the  sanctuary. 

^^  Of  Merari  was  the  family  of  the  Mahlites,  and  the  family  of  the 
Mushites  ;  these  are  the  families  of  Merari.  ^"^  And  those  that  were 
numbered  of  them,  according  to  the  number  of  all  the  males,  from  a 
month  old  and  upward,  were  six  thousand  and  two  hundred.  ^^And 
the  chief  of  the  house  of  the  father  of  the  families  of  Merari  was 
Zuriel  the  son  of  Abihail ;  these  shall  pitch  on  the  side  of  the  taber- 

^Heh.  the  office     naclc  Northward.  ^^  And  funder  the  custody  and  charge  of  the  sons 

Nu.  4. 3i,'32.      of  Merari  shall  be  the  boards  of  the  tabernacle,  and  the  bars  thereof, 

and  the  pillars  thereof,  and   the  sockets  thereof,  and  all  the   vessels 

thereof,  and   all  that  serveth  thereto,  "^"^  and   the  pillars  of  the  court 

round  about,  and  their  sockets,  and  their  pins,  and  their  cords. 

^^  But  those  that  encamp  before  the  tabernacle  toward  the  East  (even 
before  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  eastward),  shall  be  Moses, 

/Nu.  18.5.  and  Aaron,  and  his  sons,  ■'^keeping  the  charge  of  the  sanctuary  for  the 
charge  of  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  the  stranger  that  cometh  nigh 

^  See  Nu.  26. 62.  ghall  bc  put  to  death.  2^^  All  °  that  were  numbered  of  the  Levites,  which 
Moses  and  Aaron  numbered  at  the  commandment  of  the  Lord, 
throughout  their  families,  all  the  males  from  a  month  old  and  upward, 
were  twenty  and  two  thousand. 

^•^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Number  all  the  firstborn  of  the 
males  of  the  children  of  Israel  from  a  month  old  and  upward,  and 
take  the  number  of  their  names.  ^^  And  thou  shall  take  the  Levites  for 
me  (I  am  the  Lord)  instead  of  all  the  firstborn  among  the  children  of 
Israel ;  and  the  cattle  of  the  Levites  instead  of  all  the  firsthngs  among 
the  cattle  of  the  children  of  Israel."  "^^And  Moses  numbered,  as  the 
Lord  commanded  him,  all  the  firstborn  among  the  children  of  Israel. 
^^  And  all  the  firstborn  males  by  the  number  of  names,  from  a  month 
old  and  upward,  of  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  twenty 
and  two  thousand  two  hundred  and  threescore  and  thirteen. 

■^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Take  the  Levites 
instead  of  all  the  firstborn  among  the  children  of  Israel,  and  the  cattle 
of  the  Levites  instead  of  their  cattle  ;  and  the  Levites  shall  be  mine : 

M.'^'isf'  ^^'  ^"'  I  ^^^  t'^^  Lord.  "^^  And  for  those  that  are  to  be  ''redeemed  of  the  two 
hundred  and  threescore  and  thirteen  of  the  firstborn  of  the  children 
VOL.  I.  29 


I  Ex. 

26. 

3]. 

mEj 

;.  25 

..  10,  16. 

nEx 

.25. 

13. 

oEx 
30. 

.2.5. 
Le. 

23,29, 
24.  6,8. 

J  Or,  pour  out 
withal. 

226  NUMBERING  AND  APPOINTMENT  OF  THE  LEVITES.     [Period  HI. 

of  Israel,  which  are  more  than   the   Levites  ;  ^'^  thou  shalt  even   take 

« Le.^27. 6.  Nil.     iflve  shekels  apiece  by  the  poll,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  shalt 

j  Ex. 30. 13.  Le.    thou  take  them,  (the  ^shekel  is  twenty  gerahs.)  ^^  And  thou  shalt  give 

27. 25.  £z.  45.     ^|^g  moncy,  wherewith  the  odd  number  of  them  is  to  be  redeemed, 

unto  Aaron  and  to  his  sons."  "^'-^  And  Moses  took  the  redemption  money 

of  them  that  were  over  and  above  them  that  w^ere  redeemed  by  the 

Levites.  ^^  Of  the  firstborn  of  the  children  of  Israel  took  he  the  money  ; 

a  thousand  three   hundred  and  threescore  and  five  shekels,  after  the 

shekel  of  the  sanctuary.  ^^  And  Moses  gave  the  money  of  them  that 

were  redeemed  unto  Aaron  and  to  his  sons,  according  to  the  word   of 

the  Lord,  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying,  ^^ ".  iv. 
2  "  Take  the  sum  of  the  sons  of  Kohath  from  among  the  sons 
ftjSee  Nu.|.|^4.  ^f  Levi,  after  their  famihes,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  ^  from  ^thirty 
27.  *  '  '  '  years  old  and  upward  even  until  fifty  years  old,  all  that  enter  into  the 
host,  to  do  the  work  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  "^This  shall 
be  the  service  of  the  sons  of  Kohath  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congre- 
gation, about  the  most  holy  things  : — 

^ "  And  when  the  camp  setteth  forward,  Aaron  shall  come,  and  his 
sons,  and  they  shall  take  down  'the  covering  veil,  and  cover  the  "ark 
of  testimony  with  it ;  ^  and  shall  put  thereon  the  covering  of  badgers' 
skins,  and  shall  spread  over  it  a  cloth  wholly  of  blue,  and  shall  put  in 
"the  staves  thereof.  '  And  upon   the  "table  of  show-bread  they  shall 
spread  a  cloth  of  blue,  and  put  thereon  the  dishes,  and  the   spoons, 
and  the  bowls,  and  covers  to  tcover  withal ;  and  the  continual  bread 
shall  be  thereon.  ^  And  they  shall  spread  upon  them  a  cloth  of  scarlet, 
and  cover  the  same  with  a  covering   of  badgers'  skins,  and  shall   put 
in  the  staves  thereof.  ^  And  they  shall  take  a  cloth  of  blue,  and  cover 
p  Ex.  25. 31.        the  ^candlestick  of  the   light,  'and  his  lamps,  and   his  tongs,  and   his 
snuffHishes,  and  all  the  oil  vessels  thereof,  wherewith    they  minister 
unto  it ;   '^  and  they  shall  put  it  and  all  the   vessels   thereof  within  a 
a  Or,  bier,  i.e.    covcring  of  badgcrs'  skins,  and  shall  jmt  it  upon  a  "bar.   "And  upon 
uTensiVs^-yJ'"    '"the  golden   altar  they  shall  spread  a  cloth  of  blue,  and  cover  it  with 
r  Ex.  30. 1,3.      ^  covering  of  badgers'  skins,  and  shall  put  to  the  staves  thereof.  ^~  And 
they  shall  take  all  the  instruments  of  ministry,  wherewith  they  minister 
in  the  sanctuary,  and  put  them  in  a  cloth  of  blue,  and  cover  them  with 
a  covering  of  badgers'   skins,  and  shall   put  them  on  a  bar.  ^^  And 
they  shall  take  away  the  ashes  from  the  altar,  and  spread  a  purple  cloth 
thereon  ;  ^*  and  they  shall  put  upon  it  all  the  vessels  thereof,  where- 
with they  minister  about  it,  even  the   censers,  the  fleshhooks,  and  the 
•  Or,  bowls.        shovels,  and  the  *basons,  all  the  vessels  of  the  altar  ;  and   they  shall 
spread  upon  it  a  covering  of  badgers'  skins,  and  put  to  the  staves  of 
it.  ^^  And  when  Aaron  and  his  sons  have  made  an  end   of  covering 
the  sanctuary,  and  all  the  vessels  of  the  sanctuary,  as  the  camj)  is  to 
,Nu.7.9.&io.    set  forward  ;  after  that,  'the  sons  of  Kohath  shall  come  to  bear  it,  'but 
Isu'^e.ii'fch.  they  shall  not  touch  any  holy  thing,  lest  they  die.  "These   things   are 
^t^'it  ,       the   burden  of  the  sons  of  Kohath  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congre- 

t  2  Pa.  6.  0,  7. 

1  ch.  13.  9,  10.  gation, 

«  Nu.  3. 31.  16  u  And  to  the  office  of  Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest  pertain- 

r  Ex.  25. 6.  Le.    eth  "the  oil  for  the  light,  and  the  "sweet  incense,  and  ^the  daily  meat 

Jex%o.34.       offering,  and  ''the  anointing  oil,  and  the  oversight  of  all  the  tabernacle, 

I  Ex.  29. 40.        and  of  all  that  therein  is,  in  the  sanctuary,  and  in  the  vessels  thereof." 

y  Ex.  30. 23.  17  ,Ynd  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying,  '^ "  Cut 

ye  not  off  the  tribe  of  the  families  of  the  Kohathites  from  among  the 

Levites  ;  ^^  but  thus  do  unto  them,  that  they  may  live,  and   not  die, 

when  they  approach  unto  the  most  holy  things.     Aaron  and  his   sons 

shall  go  in,  and  appoint  them  every  one  to  his  service  and  to  his  bur- 


;  Ex.  25.  37,  38. 


Part  VIIL] 


NUMBERING  AND  APPOINTMENT  OF  THE  LEVITES. 


227 


I  See  Ex 
1  Sa.  6. 


t  Heb.  to  war  the 
icarfare. 


J  Or,  carriage. 


t  Heb.  warfare, 
b  Ne.  3.  36,  37. 
c  Ex.  26.  15. 


den  ;  ^^  but  'they  shall  not  go  in  to  see  when  the  holy  things  are 
covered,  lest  they  die." 

^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Take  also  the  sum 
of  the  sons  of  Gershon,  throughout  the  houses  of  their  fathers,  by  their 
families  ;  ^^  from  thirty  years  old  and  upward  until  fifty  years  old  shalt 
thou  number  them  ;  all  that  enter  in  tto  perform  the  service,  to  do  the 
work  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  ^'^  This  is  the  service  of  the 
families  of  the  Gershonites,  to  serve,  and  for  tburdens ;  ^^  and  "they 
shall  bear  the  curtains  of  the  tabernacle,  and  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation,  his  covering,  and  the  covering  of  the  badgers'  skins  that 
is  above  upon  it,  and  the  hanging  for  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation,  ^^  and  the  hangings  of  the  court,  and  the  hanging  for  tire 
door  of  the  gate  of  the  court,  which  is  by  the  tabernacle  and  by  the 
altar  round  about,  and  their  cords,  and  all  the  instruments  of  their 
service,  and  all  that  is  made  for  them  :  so  shall  they  serve.  ^'^  At  the 
*appointment  of  Aaron  and  his  sons  shall  be  all  the  service  of  the  sons 
of  the  Gershonites,  in  all  their  burdens,  and  in  all  their  service  ;  and 
ye  shall  appoint  unto  them  in  charge  all  their  burdens.  ^^  This  is  the 
service  of  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Gershon  in  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation  ;  and  their  charge  shall  be  under  the  hand  of  Ithamar  the 
son  of  Aaron  the  priest. 

^^ "  As  for  the  sons  of  Merari,  thou  shalt  number  them  after  their  fam- 
ilies, by  the  house  of  their  fathers  ;  ^'^  from  thirty  years  old  and  upward 
even  unto  fifty  years  old  shalt  thou  number  them,  every  one  that  en- 
tereth  into  the  t service,  to  do  the  work  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 
gregation. ^^  And  Hhis  is  the  charge  of  their  burden,  according  to  all 
their  service  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  "the  boards  of  the 
tabernacle,  and  the  bars  thereof,  and  the  pillars  thereof,  and  sockets 
thereof,  ^^  and  the  pillars  of  the  court  round  about,  and  their  sockets, 
and  their  pins,  and  their  cords,  with  all  their  instruments,  and  with  all 
their  service :  and  by  name  ye  shall  ''reckon  the  instruments  of  the 
charge  of  their  burden.  ^^This  is  the  service  of  the  families  of  the 
sons  of  Merari,  according  to  all  their  service,  in  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation,  under  the  hand  of  Ithamar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest." 

^*  And  Moses  and  Aaron  and  the  chief  of  the  congregation  numbered 
the  sons  of  the  Kohathites  after  their  families,  and  after  the  house  of 
their  fathers,  ^^  from  thirty  years  old  and  upward  even  unto  fifty  years 
old,  every  one  that  entereth  into  the  service,  for  the  work  in  the  taber- 
nacle of  the  congregation.  ^^  And  those  that  were  numbered  of  them 
by  their  families  were  two  thousand  seven  hundred  and  fifty.  ^^  These 
were  they  that  were  numbered  of  the  families  of  the  Kohathites,  all 
that  might  do  service  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  which 
Moses  and  Aaron  did  number  according  to  the  commandment  of  the 
Lord  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

^^  And  those  that  were  numbered  of  the  sons  of  Gershon,  throughout 
their  families,  and  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  ^^  from  thirty  years  old 
and  upward  even  unto  fifty  years  old,  every  one  that  entereth  into  the 
service,  for  the  work  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  ^^  even  those 
that  were  numbered  of  them,  throughout  their  families,  by  the  house 
of  their  fathers,  were  two  thousand  and  six  hundred  and  thirty.  ''^  These 
are  they  that  were  numbered  of  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Gershon, 
of  all  that  might  do  service  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  whom 
Moses  and  Aaron  did  number  according  to  the  commandment  of  the 
Lord. 

'*^  And  those  that  were  numbered  of  the  families  of  the  sons  of  Merari, 
throughout  their  families,  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  '^'^  from  thirty 
years  old  and  upward  even  unto  fifty  years  old,  every  one  that  entereth 


228 


VARIOUS  LEGAL  CEREMONIES.  [Period  IIL 

into  the  service,  for  the  work  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation, 
■*■*  even  those  that  were  numbered  of  them  after  their  famihes,  were  three 
thousand  and  two  hundred.  '^^  These  be  those  that  were  numbered  of 
the  families  of  the  sons  of  Merari,  whom  Moses  and  Aaron  numbered 
according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

'^^  All  those  that  were  numbered  of  the  Levites,  whom  Moses  and 
Aaron  and  the  chief  of  Israel  numbered,  after  their  families,  and  after 
the  house  of  their  fathers,  ^'  from  thirty  years  old  and  upward  even  unto 
fifty  years  old,  every  one  that  came  to  do  the  service  of  the  ministry, 
and  the  service  of  the  burden  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation, 
^^  even  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  were  eight  thousand  and  five 
hundred  and  fourscore.  "^^  According  to  the  commandment  of  the  Lord 
they  were  numbered  by  the  hand  of  Moses,  every  one  according  to  his 
service,  and  according  to  his  burden  ;  thus  were  they  numbered  of 
him,  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 


Section  XLV. Various  legal  Ceremonies. 

Num.  v.  and  vi. 

The  unclean  are  removed  out  of  the  camp.   5  Restitution  is  to  be  made  in  trespasses.    11  77ie  trial  of 

jealousy.  —  Chap.  vi.   Tlie  law  of  the  Nazarites.     22  The  form  of  blessing  the  people. 


A.  M.   2514. 
B.  C.  1490. 

Sinai.  ^  ^ND  tho  LoRD  spakc  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Command  the  children 

—  of  Israel,  that  they  put  out  of  the  camp  every  "leper,  and  every  one  that 

a  ^e.  13. 3, 46. &  hath  an  ''issue,  and  whosoever  is  defiled  by  the  "dead.  ^  Both  male  and 
6Le.  15. 2.  female  shall  ye  put  out,  without  the  cainp  shall  ye  put  them;  that  they 
c  Le.  21. 1.  Nu.  defile  not  their  camps,  ''in  the  midst  whereof  I  dwell."  ^  And  the  chil- 
13.  &  31. 19.'  '  dren  of  Israel  did  so,  and  put  them  out  without  the  camp  :  as  the  Lord 
'*2^co.^6.  ik  ^^"    spake  unto  Moses,  so  did  the  children  of  Israel. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

eLe.  6. 2,3.        ^xen  of  Israel,  "When  a  man  or  woman  shall  commit  any  sin  that  men 

commit,  to  do  a  trespass  against  the  Lord,  and  that  person  be  guilty, 

^ Ao.' tl'-^^^'    ^  ^^6"  ^they  shall  confess  their  sin  which  they  have  done  ;  and  he  shall 

g  Le.  6.  5.  recompense  his  trespass  ^with  the  principal  thereof,  and  add  unto  it  the 

fifth  part  thereof,  and  give  it  unto  him  against  whom  he  hath  trespassed. 

^  But  if  the  man  have  no  kinsman  to  recompense  the  trespass  unto,  let 

the  trespass  be  recompensed  unto  the  Lord,  even  to  the  priest ;  besides 

*7.  ?'.  ■^'^•'^     ''the  ram  of  the  atonement,  whereby  an  atonement  shall  be  made  for 

*  Or,  heave-offer-  him.  ^  And  cvcry  *offering  of  all  the  holy  things  of  the  children  of  Israel, 

Lf.e.^'n/is,'    which  they  bring  unto  the  priest,  shall  be  his.    ^^ And  every  man's 

H'.Nuils.'^b.^g'  hallowed  things  shall  be  his;  whatsoever  any  man  giveth  the  priest, 

19."  I)e.'l8.'  3,' 4.'   it   sholl    Kp  iU\^  " 
Ez.  44.29,30.        '^   *"^'^    "^    '"^• 

iLe.  10. 13.  ^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

dren of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  If  any  man's  wife  go  aside,  and 

;Le.  18.20.  couimit  a  trcspass  against  him,  ^^and  a  man  'lie  with  her  carnally,  and 
it  be  hid  from  the  eyes  of  her  husband,  and  be  kept  close,  and  she  be 
defiled,  and  there  be  no  witness  against  her,  neither  she  be  taken  with 
the  manner  ;  ^'*and  the  spirit  of  jealousy  come  upon  him,  and  he  be 
jealous  of  his  wife,  and  she  be  defiled  :  or  if  the  spirit  of  jealousy  come 
upon  him,  and  he  be  jealous  of  his  wife,  and  she  be  not  defiled  :  ^^  then 
shall  the  man  bring  his  wife  unto  the  priest,  and  he  shall  bring  her  offer- 
ing for  her,  the  tenth  part  of  an  cphahof  barley  meal ;  he  shall  pour  no 
oil  upon  it,  nor  put  frankincense  thereon  ;  for  it  is  an  offering  of  jealousy, 

*i  Ki.  17. 18.  Ez.  an  offering  of  memorial,  ''bringing  iniciuity  to  remembrance.  ^'^  And  the 
priest  shall  bring  her  near,  and  set  her  before  the  Lord.  ^"^  And  the  priest 
shall  take  holy  water  in  an  earthen  vessel  ;  and  of  the  dust  that  is  in  the 
floor  of  the  tabernacle  the  priest  shall  take,  and  put  it  into  the  water. 
'^  And  the  priest  shall  set  the  woman  before  the  Lord,  and  uncover  the 
woman's  head,  and  put  the  offering  of  memorial  in  her  hands,  which  is  the 
jealousy  offering  ;  and  the  priest  shall  have  in  his  hand  the  bitter  water 


Part  VIII.]  VARIOUS  LEGAL  CEREMONIES.  229 

that  causeth  the  curse,  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  charge  her  by  an   oath, 

and  say  unto  the  woman,  If  no  man  have  lain  with  thee,  and  if  thou 

tor,  being  in  the    j^g^g^  not  gonc  asidc  to  uncleanness  twith  another  instead   of  thy  hus- 

IZlRoJ/i"'  band,  be  thou  free  from  this  bitter  water  that  causeth  the  curse  ;  ^'^but 

"uw.*'^  **^    if  thou  hast  gone  aside  to  another  instead  of  thy  husband,  and  if  thou 

be  defiled,  and  some  man  have   lain   with  thee   besides  thy  husband, 

^ii^tmAo."'  ^^  (tJ^en  the  priest  shall  'charge  the  woman  with  an  oath  of  cursing,  and 

29- ~  the  priest  shall  say  unto  the  woman,)  "'the  Lord  make  thee   a  curse 

TO  je.  29. 22.        ^^^  ^j^  Qg^^l-j  among  thy  people,  when  the  Lord  doth   make  thy  thigh 

t  Heb./aM.         to  trot,  and  thy  belly  to  swell ;  ^-and  this  water  that  causeth  the  curse 

n  Ps.  109. 18.       "shall  go  into  thy  bowels,  to  make  thy  belly  to  swell,  and  thy  thigh  to 

0  Be.  27. 15.        rot.  "And  the  woman  shall  say,  Amen !  Amen  !  ^^  And  the  priest  shall 

write  these  curses  in  a  book,  and  he  shall  blot  them  out  with  the  bitter 

water.  ^^  And  he  shall  cause  the  woman  to  drink  the  bitter  water  that 

causeth   the   curse  ;  (and  the  water  that  causeth  the  curse  shall  enter 

into  her,  and  become  bitter.)  ~^  Then  the  priest  shall  take  the  jealousy 

p  he.  8. 27.         offering  out  of  the  woman's  hand,  and  shall  ^wave  the  offering  before 

5  Le.  2. 2, 9.        ^j^g  LoRD,  and  offcr  it  upon  the  altar.  ^6  And  'the  priest  shall  take  a 

handful  of  the  offering,  even  the  memorial  thereof,  and  burn  it  upon 

the  altar,  and  afterward  shall  cause  the  woman   to  drink  the   water. 

2^  And  when  he  hath  made  her  to  drink  the  water,  then  it  shall  come  to 

pass,  that,  if  she  be  defiled,  and  have  done  trespass  against  her  husband, 

that  the  water  that  causeth  the  curse  shall  enter  into  her,  and  become 

bitter,  and  her  belly  shall  swell,  and  her  thigh  shall  rot ;  and  the  woman 

'^83.%^iL  Je!'24.  ^^^^^1  ^^  ^  c"^^^  among  her  people.  ^8  And  if  the  woman  be  not  defiled, 

fci'^is^ze^s   ^^^  ^®  clean;  then  she  shall  be  free,  and  shall  conceive   seed.  ^SThis 

13.  "    "   '^"    '  is  the  law  of  jealousies,  when  a  wife  goeth  aside  to  another  instead  of 

her  husband,  and  is  defiled  ;  ^^  or  when  the  spirit  of  jealousy  cometh 

upon  him,  and  he  be  jealous  over   his  wife,  and  shall  set   the  woman 

before  the  Lord,  and  the  priest  shall  execute  upon  her  all  this  law. 

she. 20. 17, 19,    31  Then  shall  the  man  be  guiltless  from  iniquity,  and  this  woman  'shall 

bear  her  iniquity." 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  unto       Num.  vi. 

the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them.  When  either  man 

*s?ives"MiUrS^'  ^^  woman  shall  *separate  themselves  to  vow   a  vow  of  a   Nazarite,  to 

Le!  27. 2.'ju.'^"  separate  themselves  unto  the  Lord  ;  ^  he  'shall  separate  himself  from 

23]  Ro.  1.' 1.  ■      wine  and  strong  drink,  and  shall  drink  no  vinegar  of  wine,  or  vinegar 

tAm^^.i^.hM.    of  Strong  drink,  neither  shall  he  drink  any  liquor  of  grapes,   nor  6at 

^or,Jv-azariteship.  moist  grapcs,  or   dried.  ^  All  the  days  of  his  tseparation  shall  he  eat 

X  Heb.  vine  of      nothing  that  is  made  of  the  tvine  tree,  from  the   kernels  even  to  the 

ujV'u.),.  &  16.  husk.  ^  All  the  days  of  the  vow  of  his  separation  there  shall  no  "razor 

17.1  sa.i.  11.    (,o,-,^g  ypo,-j  jjjg  j^gj^jj .  ^jjjtj}  tj^g  ^jj^yg  ]-,g  fulfilled,  in  the  which   he  sep- 

arateth  himself  unto  the  Lord,  he  shall  be  holy,  and  shall  let  the  locks 

of  the  hair  of  his  head  grow.  ^  All   the  days  that  he  separateth  him- 

"ig^if  ie"'  ^"'  ^^^^  ^^"^^  ^^^^  Lord  °he  shall  come  at  no  dead   body.  '  He  "shall  not 

w  he.  21, 2, 11.     make  himself  unclean  for  his  father,  or  for  his  mother,  for  his  brother, 

Nu.  9. 6.  Qj.  |-Qj.  ijjg  sister,  when  they  die  ;  because  the  *consecration  of  his  God  is 

*  Heb.  separation.  ,.,  o..i  /»■.  •  i-ii  aaI. 

upon  his  head.  ^AU  the  days  of  his  separation  he  is  holy  unto  the 
Lord.  ^  And  if  any  man  die  very  suddenly  by  him,  and  he  hath  de- 
\^%4^'  ^^'  ^  ^^^'^^  the  head  of  his  consecration  ;  then  he  shall  ""shave  his  head  in  the 
y  he.  5. 7.  &  14.  day  of  his  cleansing,  on  the  seventh  day  shall  he  shave  it.  ^^  And  ^on 
the  eighth  day  he  shall  bring  two  turtles,  or  two  young  pigeons,  to  the 
priest,  to  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  ^^  and  the 
priest  shall  offer  the  one  for  a  sin  offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt 
offering,  and  make  an  atonement  for  him,  for  that  he  sinned  by  the 
dead,  and  shall  hallow  his  head  that  same  day.  ^-  And  he  shall  conse- 
crate unto  the  Lord  the  days  of  his  separation,  and  shall  bring  a  lamb 

VOL.   I.  T 


2.  &  15.  14,  29. 


230 


DEDICATION  OF  THE  TABERNACLE  AND  ALTAR.     [Period  IIL 


z  Le.  5.  6. 
t  Heh-faO. 
a  Ac.  21.  26. 


6  Le.  4.  2,  27, 32. 
c  Lc.  3.  G. 
U  Le.  2.  4. 
e  Ex.  JO.  2. 
/.\u.  15.5,7,  10. 


g  .\c.  21.  24. 


A  1  Sa.  2  15. 
t  Ex.  29.  23, 24. 


j  Ex.  29.  27,  28. 


k  Le.  9.  -22.  1  Ch. 
23.  13. 
I  Ps.  121.  7.  John 

m  Pa.  31.  16.  & 
67.  1.  &  80.  3.  7, 
19.  &  1J9.  135. 
Da.  9.  17. 

71  Ge.  43.  29. 

o  Ps.  4.  6. 


5118.28. 10.2  Ch. 

7.  14.  Is.  43.  7. 

Da.  9.  lb,  19. 
r  Vs.  115.  12. 


of  the  first  year  'for  a  trespass  offering  ;  but  the  daj's  that  were  before 
shall  +be  lost,  because  his  separation  was  defiled. 

^^  "  And  this  is  the  law  of  the  Nazarite,  "when  the  days  of  his  separa- 
tion are  fulfilled.  He  shall  be  brought  unto  the  door  of  the  taberna- 
cle of  the  congregation  ;  ^^and  he  shall  ofier  his  offering  unto  the  Lord, 
one  he  lamb  of  the  first  year  without  blemish  for  a  burnt  offering,  and 
one  ewe  lamb  of  the  first  year  without  blemish  ''for  a  sin  offering,  and 
one  ram  without  blemish  Tor  peace  offerings,  ^^  and  a  basket  of  un- 
leavened bread,  "cakes  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil,  and  wafers  of 
unleavened  bread  ^anointed  with  oil,  and  their  meat  offering,  and  their 
^drink  offerings.  ^^  And  the  priest  shall  bring  them  before  the  Lord, 
and  shall  offer  his  sin  ofTering,  and  his  burnt  oflTering.  ^'  And  he  shall 
oflTer  the  ram  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings  unto  the  Lord,  with 
the  basket  of  unleavened  bread  ;  the  priest  shall  offer  also  his  meat 
offering,  and  his  drink  oflTering.  ^^  And  'the  Nazarite  shall  shave  the 
iiead  of  his  separation  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congrega- 
tion, and  shall  take  the  hair  of  the  head  of  his  separation,  and  put  it 
in  the  fire  which  is  under  the  sacrifice  of  the  peace  offerings.  ^^  And 
the  priest  shall  take  the  ''sodden  shoulder  of  the  ram,  and  one  unleav- 
ened cake  out  of  the  basket,  and  one  unleavened  wafer,  and  'shall  put 
them  upon  the  hands  of  the  Nazarite,  after  the  hair  of  his  separation  is 
shaven.  -"  And  the  priest  shall  wave  them  for  a  wave  offering  before 
the  Lord  ;  -"this  is  holy  for  the  priest,  with  the  wave  breast  and  heave 
shoulder,  and  after  that  the  Nazarite  may  drink  wine.  -^  This  is  the  law 
of  the  Nazarite  who  hath  vowed,  and  of  his  oflTering  unto  the  Lord 
for  his  separation,  besides  that  that  his  hand  shall  get ;  according  to  the 
vow  which  he  vowed,  so  he  must  do  after  the  law  of  his  separation." 

^■- And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^"  Speak  unto  Aaron 
and  unto  his  sons,  saying,  On  this  wise  *ye  shall  bless  the  children  of 
Israel,  saying  unto  them, — 

2^  The  Lord  bless  thee  and  'keep  thee  ! 

2^  The  liORD  "make  his  face  shine  upon  thee, 
And  "be  gracious  unto  thee  ! 

^^  The  "Lord  lift  up  his  countenance  upon  thee, 
And  ''give  thee  peace  ! 
-^  And  'they  shall  put  my  Name  upon  the  children  of  Israel ;  '"and  I 
will  bless  them." 


.\.  M.  2514. 
B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,  1647. 


a  Ex.  40.  18.  Le. 
8.  10,  11. 
ANu.  1.  4,  &c. 
*  Hcb.  kIm  stood. 


cNu. 
dNu. 


e  Nu.  4.  28,  33. 


Section  XLVI. —  The  Dedication  of  the  Tahcniacle  and  the  Altar; — 
T/ie  Offerings. 
Ndm.  vii. 
'  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  day  that  Moses  had  fully  "set  up  the 
tabernacle,  and  had  anointed  it,  and  sanctified  it,  and  all  the  instru- 
ments thereof,  both  the  altar  and  all  the  vessels  thereof,  and  had  anointed 
them,  and  sanctified  them  ;  -that  'the  princes  of  Israel,  heads  of  the 
house  of  their  fathers,  who  were  the  princes  of  the  tribes,  *and  were 
over  them  that  were  numbered,  oflTered.  ^  And  they  brought  their  of- 
fering before  the  Lord,  six  covered  wagons,  and  twelve  o.xen,  (a  wagon 
for  two  of  the  princes,  and  for  each  one  an  ox ;)  and  they  brought  them 
before  the  tabernacle.  '*  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying, 
^  "  Take  it  of  them,  that  they  may  be  to  do  the  service  of  the  tabernacle 
of  the  congregation  ;  and  thou  shalt  give  them  unto  the  Levites,  to  every 
man  according  to  his  service."  *'And  Moses  took  the  wagons  and  the 
oxen,  and  gave  them  unto  the  Levites.  "  Two  wagons  and  four  oxen  'he 
gave  unto  the  sons  of  Gershon,  according  to  their  service.  ^  And  "four 
wagons  and  eight  oxen  he  gave  unto  the  sons  of  Merari,  according 
unto  their  service,  'under  the  hand  of  Ithamar  the  son  of  Aaron  the 


Part  VIIL]  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TABERNACLE  AND  ALTAR.  231 

/Nu.  4. 15.         priest,  ^  But  unto  the  sons  of  Kohatli  he  gave  none  ;  because  ^the  ser- 

g^Nu.  4.6, 8, 10,   vice  of  the  sanctuary  belonging  unto  them  ^was  that  they  should  bear 
la!    ■  ~  *■  ■    upon  their  shoulders. 

Yk-  8*'63"'>cii        ^^  ^^^  *'^^  princes  oflTered  for  ''dedicating  of  the  altar  in  the  day  that 
7.5,9.  Ezr^e.    it  was  anointed,  even  the  princes  offered  their  offering  before  the  altar. 
Ps'.  sot'titTer  '     1^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  They  shall  ofl'er  their  offering,  each 
prince  on  his  day,  for  the  dedicating  of  the  altar." 

» Nu.  2. 3.  12  A,-,fj  ji^e  that  offered  his  offering  the  first  day  was  'Nahshon  the  son 

of  Animinadab,  of  the  tribe  of  Judah.   '^  And  his  offering  was  one  silver 
charger,  the  weight  whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  sil- 

jEx.  30. 13.        ver  bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  -'the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both 

ALe. 2. 1.  of  them  were   full  of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  ^'meat  offering; 

i  Ex.  30.34.         14  Qj^g  spoon  of  tcu  shckcls  of  gold,   full  of 'incense  ;  ^^  one  "'young 
bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of  the  first  year,  for  a  burnt  offering  ;   ^^  one 

"l^  s  r  ^^^  ^^  ^'^®  goats  for  a  "sin  offering  ;   ^~  and  for  "a  sacrifice  of  peace  of- 

ferings, two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he  goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year  ; 
this  was  the  offering  of  Nahshon  the  son  of  Amminadab. 

^^  On  the  second  day  Nethaneel  the  son  of  Zuar,  prince  of  Issachar, 
did  offer.  ^^  He  offered  for  his  offering  one  silver  charger,  the  weight 
whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of  seventy 
shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour 
mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  ~°  one  spoon  of  gold  of  ten  shekels, 
full  of  incense  ;  ^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of  the  first 
year,  for  a  burnt  offering  ;  ^~  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering  ; 
^■^  and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he 
goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year ;  this  was  the  offering  of  Nethaneel 
the  son  of  Zuar. 

^^  On  the  third  day  Eliab  the  son  of  Helon,  prince  of  the  children 
of  Zebulun,  did  offer.  -^  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger,  the  weight 
whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of  seventy 
shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine 
flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  oftering ;  ^^  one  golden  spoon  of  ten 
shekels,  full  of  incense  ;  -'''  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of  the 
first  year,  for  a  burnt  offering  ;  '^^  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  ofTering  ; 
^^  and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he 
goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year  ;  this  was  the  oftering  of  Eliab  the 
son  of  Helon. 

^^  On  the  fourth  day  Elizur  the  son  of  Shedeur,  prince  of  the  children 
of  Reuben,  did  offer.  ^^  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger  of  the  weight 
of  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of  seventy  shekels, 
after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour  mingled 
with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  ^^  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of 
incense  ;  ^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of  the  first  year,  for 
a  burnt  oftering  ;  ^^  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  oftering  ;  ^^  and  for  a 
sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he  goats,  five  lambs 
of  the  first  year ;  this  was  the  offering  of  Elizur  the  son  of  Shedeur. 

^^On  the  fifth  day  Shelumiel  the  son  of  Zurishaddai,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Simeon,  did  ofter.  ^^  His  oftering  was  one  silver  charger, 
the  weight  whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of 
seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of 
fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  ^^  one  golden  spoon  of 
ten  shekels,  full  of  incense  ;  ^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb 
of  the  first  year,  for  a  burnt  offering  ;  ^°  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin 
offering  ;  ^^  and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams, 
five  he  goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year  ;  this  was  the  oflTering  of  She- 
lumiel the  son  of  Zurishaddai. 

^^  On  the  sixth  day  Eliasaph  the  son  of  Deuel,  prince  of  the  children 


232  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TABERNACLE  AND  ALTAR.      [Period  III. 

of  Gad,  offered.  ^^  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger  of  the  weight  of 
an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  a  silver  bowl  of  seventy  shekels,  after  tlie 
shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine  Hour  mingled  with 
oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  ''^  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels,  full  of  in- 
cense ;  '^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of  the  first  year,  for  a 
burnt  offering ;  '^^  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering ;  '^"  and  for  a 
sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he  goats,  five  lambs 
of  the  first  year  ;  this  was  the  offering  of  Eliasaph  the  son  of  Deuel. 

'"^  On  the  seventh  day  Elishama  the  son  of  Ammihud,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Ephraim,  offered.  ^'•*  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger,  the 
weight  whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of 
seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of 
fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  ^^  one  golden  spoon  of 
ten  shekels,  full  of  incense  ;  ^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb 
of  the  first  year,  for  a  burnt  offering  ;  •'-  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin 
offering  ;  ^^  and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams, 
five  he  goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year  ;  this  was  the  offering  of  P^li- 
shama  the  son  of  Ammihud. 

^"^  On  the  eighth  day  offered  Gamahel  the  son  of  Pedahzur,  prince  of 
the  children  of  Manasseh.  ^^  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger  of  the 
weight  of  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of  seventy 
shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine 
ffour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  ^^  one  golden  spoon  of  ten 
shekels,  full  of  incense  ;  ^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of  the 
first  year,  for  a  burnt  offering  ;  ^^  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering  ; 
^^  and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he 
goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year ;  this  was  the  offering  of  Gamaliel 
the  son  of  Pedahzur. 

•"*  On  the  ninth  day  Abidan  the  son  of  Gideoni,  prince  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Benjamin,  offered.  ^^  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger,  the 
weight  whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl 
of  seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full 
of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  ^'"-  one  golden  spoon 
of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense;  "^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one 
lamb  of  the  first  year,  for  a  burnt  offering  ;  "^^  one  kid  of  the  goats  for 
a  sin  offering  ;  '^^  and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  tw'o  oxen,  five 
rams,  five  he  goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year ;  this  was  the  offering 
of  Abidan  the  son  of  Gideoni. 

'"^  On  the  tenth  day  Ahiezer  the  son  of  Ammishaddai,  prince  of  the 
children  of  Dan,  offered.  '^^  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger,  the 
weight  whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of 
seventy  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full 
of  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering;  *''' one  golden  spoon 
of  ten  shekels,  full  of  incense  ;  "'■'  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one 
lamb  of  the  first  year,  for  a  bmiit  offering  ;  ''^  one  kid  of  the  goats  for 
a  sin  offering  ;  "^  and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five 
rams,  five  he  goats,  five  lamljs  of  the  first  year ;  this  was  the  offering 
of  Ahiezer  the  son  of  Ammishaddai. 

"~  On  the  eleventh  day  Pagiel  the  son  of  Ocran,  prince  of  the  children 
of  Asher,  offered.  ''^  His  offering  w^as  one  silver  charger,  the  weight 
whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of  seventy 
shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine 
flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  ;  "■*  one  golden  spoon  of  ten 
shekels,  full  of  incense  ;  ''^one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of 
the  first  year,  for  a  burnt  offering ;  '^^  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin 
offering  ;  '^'^and  for  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams, 
five  he  goats,  five  lambs  of  the  first  year ;  this  was  the  offering  of  Pa- 
giel the  son  of  Ocran. 


Part  VIII.] 


CONSECRATION  OP  THE  LEVITES. 


233 


f  Nu.  12.  8.  Ex. 
33.9,  11. 
t  That  is,  Qod. 
q  Ex.  25.  22. 


'^^  On  the  twelfth  day  Ahira  the  son  of  Enan,  prince  of  the  children 
of  Naphtali,  oftered.  '^'•^  His  offering  was  one  silver  charger,  the  weight 
whereof  was  an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  one  silver  bowl  of  seventy 
shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  ;  both  of  them  full  of  fine  flour 
mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering ;  ^^  one  golden  spoon  of  ten  shekels, 
full  of  incense  ;  ^^  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  one  lamb  of  the  first  year, 
for  a  burnt  offering  ;  ^~  one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering  ;  ^'-^  and  for 
a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  two  oxen,  five  rams,  five  he  goats,  five 
lambs  of  the  first  year  ;  this  was  the  offering  of  Ahira  the  son  of  Enan. 

^"^  This  was  the  Dedication  of  the  Altar,  in  the  day  when  it  was 
anointed,  by  the  princes  of  Israel :  twelve  chargers  of  silver,  twelve 
silver  bowls,  twelve  spoons  of  gold  ;  ^^  each  charger  of  silver  weigh- 
ing an  hundred  and  thirty  shekels,  each  bowl  seventy  ;  all  the  silver 
vessels  weighed  two  thousand  and  four  hundred  shekels,  after  the 
shekel  of  the  sanctuary.  ^^  The  golden  spoons  were  twelve,  full  of 
incense,  weighing  ten  shekels  apiece,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanctuary  : 
all  the  gold  of  the  spoons  was  an  hundred  and  twenty  shekels.  ^''  All 
the  oxen  for  the  burnt  offering  were  twelve  bullocks,  the  rams  twelve, 
the  lambs  of  the  first  year  twelve,  with  their  meat  offering ;  and  the 
kids  of  the  goats  for  sin  offering  twelve.  ^^  And  all  the  oxen  for  the 
sacrifice  of  the  peace  offerings  were  twenty  and  four  bullocks,  the 
rams  sixty,  the  he  goats  sixty,  the  lambs  of  the  first  year  sixty.  This 
was  the  Dedication  of  the  Altar,  after  that  it  was  anointed. 

^^  And  when  Moses  was  gone  into  the  tabernacle  of  the  congrega- 
tion ''to  speak  with  tHim,  then  he  heard  'the  voice  of  One  speaking 
unto  him  from  oft"  the  mercy  seat  that  was  upon  the  ark  of  testimony, 
from  between  the  two  cherubim ;  and  He  spake  unto  him. 


SECT.  XLVii.    Sect.  XLVII. 


Order  of  the  Lamps; — Consecration  of  the  Levites — their 
Age  and  Time  of  Service. 
Num.  viii. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  unto  Aaron, 
and  say  unto  him.  When  thou  "lightest  the  lamps,  the  seven  lamps 
shall  give  light  over  against  the  candlestick."  ^  And  Aaron  did  so  ;  he 
lighted  the  lamps  thereof  over  against  the  candlestick,  as  the  Lord 
commanded  Moses.  "*  And  Hhis  work  of  the  candlestick  was  of  beaten 
gold,  unto  the  shaft  thereof,  unto  the  flowers  thereof,  was  "beaten 
work  :  ''according  unto  the  pattern  which  the  Lord  had  showed  Moses, 
so  he  made  the  candlestick. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Take  the  Levites  from 
among  the  children  of  Israel,  and  cleanse  them.  ''  And  thus  shall  thou 
do  unto  them,  to  cleanse  them : — Sprinkle  Svater  of  purifying  upon  them, 
and  *let  them  shave  all  their  flesh,  and  let  them  wash  their  clothes,  and 
so  make  tliemselves  clean.  ®  Then  let  them  take  a  young  bullock  with 
%is  meat  offering,  even  fine  flour  mingled  with  oil,  and  another  young 
bullock  shalt  thou  take  for  a  sin  offering.  ^  And  °'thou  shalt  bring  the  Le- 
vites before  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  ''and  thou  shalt  gather 
the  whole  assembly  of  the  children  of  Israel  together  ;  ^^  and  thou  shalt 
bring  the  Levites  before  the  Lord  ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  'shall  put 
their  hands  upon  the  Levites.  ^^  And  Aaron  shall  tofter  the  Levites  be- 
fore the  Lord  for  an  toffering  of  the  children  of  Israel,  *that  they 
Heb.  they  may  may  cxecutc  the  service  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  ■'the  Levites  shall  lay 
Ex'a'J^To'*'^^  their  hands  upon  the  heads  of  the  bullocks  ;  and  thou  shalt  offer  the 
one  for  a  sin  offering,  and  the  other  for  a  burnt  offering,  unto  the 
Lord,  to  make  an  atonement  for  the  Levites. 

^^  "  And  thou  shalt  set  the  Levites  before  Aaron,  and  before  his  sons, 
and  offer  them  for  an  offering  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  Thus  shalt  thou  sep- 
voL.  I.  .30  ^ 


A.  M.  251-!. 

B.C.  1490. 

Hales,  1647. 

Sinai. 


b  E.X.  25.  31. 

c  Ex.  ?5.  18. 


e  Aa.  19.  9,  17, 

It 
*  H-'.h.  Ut  them 

ca4se  a  razor  to 

pas  over,  «-c. 

h<-  14.  8,  9. 
/L...2.  1. 
^S-'eEx.29.4. 

&  -to.  12. 
h  h-,.  8.  3. 


t  Le.  1.  4. 

t  Heb.  v:av 

t  Heb.  wav 
feriiig. 


Sep- 


234  USE  OF  THE  SILVER  TRUMPETS.  [Period  IIL 

arate  the  Levites  from  among  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  the  Levites 
iocu.  3. 45.  &  16.  shall  be  *mine.   ^^  And  after  that  shall  the   Levites  go  in   to  do  the 
service  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  and  thou  shalt  cleanse 
them,  and  ofler  them  for  an  offering.  ^'^  For  they  are  wholly  given  unto 
I  su.  3. 1-2, 45.      me  from  among  the  children  of  Israel ;  'instead  of  such  as  open  every 
womb,  even  instead  of  the  firstborn  of  all  the  children  of  Israel  have 
7n  Ex.  13.2.         I  taken  them   unto  me.  ^"  For  "'all  the  firstborn  of  the   children   of 
Israel  are  mine,  both  man  and  beast ;  on  the   day  that  I  smote  every 
firstborn  in  the  land  of  Egypt  I  sanctified  them    for  myself.  ^^  And  I 
have  taken  the  Levites  for  all  the  firstborn   of  the   children  of  Israel. 
nNu.  3.9.  19  And  "I  have  given  the  Levites  as  la  gift  to  Aaron  and  to   his   sons 

e  .ffivetu        fyQiyy  among  the  children  of  Israel,  to  do  the  service  of  the  children  of 
Israel  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  to  make  an  atonement 
"  Nu.^i.  K).  &  16.  for  the  children  of  Israel  ;  "that  there  be  no  plague  among  the  children 
2  ch.  26.16.      of  Israel,  when  the  children  of  Israel  come  nigh  unto  the  sanctuarv." 
■^°  And  Moses,  and  Aaron,  and  all  the  congregation  of  the  children 
of  Israel,  did  to  the  Levites  according  unto  all  that   the  Lord  com- 
manded Moses  concerning  the  Levites,  so  did  the   children   of  Israel 
unto  them.  -^  And  the  Levites  were  purified,  and   they  washed   their 
clothes  ;  and  Aaron  offered  them   as  an  ottering  before  the   Lord  ; 
and  Aaron  made  an  atonement  for  them  to  cleanse  them.  ^"^And  after 
that  went  the  Levites  in  to  do  their   service  in  the   tabernacle  of  the 
congregation   before  Aaron,  and   before   his  sons  ;  as  the  Lord   had 
commanded  Moses  concerning  the  Levites,  so  did  they  unto  them. 
-^  And  the    Lord   spake  unto  Moses,   saying,  -^  "  This  is  it  that 
?jSeei^.4.3^     beloiigetli  unto  the  Levites  :  ''from  tw^enty  and  five  years  old  and  up- 
27.  '    '  '    '     ward  they  shall  go  in  tto  wait  upon   the  service  of  the  tabernacle  of 
^Sar'^ojA-c!^"  the  congregation.  ^^  And  from  the  age  of  fifty  years  they  shall  *cease 
1  Tim.  1.  J8.       waiting  upon  the  service  thereof,  and  shall  serve  no  more  ;  -''  but  shall 
thewarMeufthe  miuistcr  with  their  brethren  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  'to 
*x  T  -3  keep  the  charge,  and  shall  do  no    service.     Thus  shalt  thou  do  unto 

^" "'  the  Levites,  touching  their  charge." 

SECT.jiLvni.  Section  XLYllL—T/ic  3Iakhrg  and  Use  of  the  Silver  rnimpits. 

A.M.  2514.  i^'l^'-   >^-   1-^0. 

B.  c.  1490.  1  ^jyp  tj^g  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  '•  Make  thee  two  trum- 

*'sinai.         pets  of  silver,  (of  a  whole  piece  shalt  thou  make  them  ;)    that   thou 

—  mayest  use  them  for  the  "calling  of  the  assembly,  and  for  the  journeying 

a  Is.  1. 13.  of  ti^e  camps.  ^  And  when  Hhey  shall  blow  with  them,  all  the  assembly 

2.  Ts. ' '''   "      shall  assemble  themselves  to  thee  at  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the 

congregation.  '^  And  if  they   blow  but  with  one   trumpet,   then   the 

cEx.  18. 21.  Nu.  princes,  which  are  "^heads  of  the  thousands  of  Israel,  shall  gather  them- 

dNu.2. 3.  selves  unto  thee.   ^  When  ye  blow  an  alarm,  then ''the  camps  that  lie 

on  the  east  parts  shall  go  forward.  ^  When  ye  blow  an  alarm  the  second 

eXu.  2. 10.  time,  then  the  camps  that  lie  'on  the  south  side  shall  take  their  journey  ; 

they  shall  blow  an  alarm  for  their  journeys.  ^  But  when  the  congrega- 

/joei2. 1.  ^JQj^  jg  jq  i^g  gathered  together,  ye  shall  blow,  but  ye  shall  not -'sound 

^6.  4.'  I  Ch.  is!'    an  alarm.  **  And  ^the  sons  of  Aaron,  the   priests,  shall   blow  with  the 

h^l^^.&^ios.    trumpets  ;  and  they  shall  be  to  you  for  an  ordinance  for  ever  through- 

6  5. 2cii.i3.i4.  out  your  generations.  ^  And  ''if  ye  go  to  war  in  your  land  against  the 

'&"6.\' &*^io.'8;  enemy  that  "oppresseth   you,  then   ye   shall   blow  an  alarm   with  the 

li'  pf.^o".'42.    trumpets  ;  and  yc  shall  be  ^remembered  before  the  Lord  your  God,  and 

jGen.8. 1.  Pa.     yc  shall  be  savcd  from  your  enemies.  ^^  Also  *in  the  day  of  your  glad- 

jfc  Nu  s9  1  Le    "ess,  and  in  your  solemn  days,  and  in  the  beginnings  of  your  months, 

23. 24.  i  ch.  1.5.  ye  shall  blow  with  the  trumpets  over  your  burnt  oflferings,  and  over  the 

&'7.6.&29.26!  sacrifices    of  your  peace  offerings  ;  that  they  may  be  to  you   for  a 

f2"35^'ps.'8i?3!  memorial  before  your  God :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God." 


Sinai. 


P^RT  VIII.]  INSTITUTION  OF  THE  SANHEDRIM.  235 

SECT.  XLtX. 

A.  M.  2514.      Section  XLIX. Arrival  of  Jethro,  toith  Moses'  Wife  and  Sons  • Insti- 

^-  c- 1490.  tution  of  the  SanhedrinS''^ 

Hales,  1647.  ' 

ExoD.  xviii.  1-26. 

^  When  "Jethro,  the  priest  of  Midian,  Moses'  father-in-law,  heard  of 

a  See  Ex.  2. 16,    all  that  'God  had  done  for  Moses,  and  for  Israel  his  people,  and  that 

A  Ps.  44. 1  &  77   ^'^^    ^o^^   ^^^^   brought  Israel  out  of  Egypt ;   ~  then  Jethro,  Moses' 

i^iilf  «■&    fiither-in-law,  took  Zipporah,  Moses'  wife,  ^after  he  had  sent  her  back, 

100. 2, 8.  ^  and  her  "two  sons  ;  of  which  the  name  of  the  one  was  *Gershom ;  for 

d  Ac'.  7. 29.  ^®  ^^'*^'  "  ^  '^^^'^  •^e^"  an  alien  in  a  strange  land  ;"  "  and  the  name  of  the 
*  That  is,  a         other  was  tEliezer  ;  "  For  the  God  of  my  father,"  said  he,  "  was  my  help 

Ex"-f  22'.'"'''-  and  delivered  me  from  the  sword  of  Pharaoh."  ^  And  Jethro,  Moses' 
^JaAri''"'^^"'' ^^^'^^''^""'^^' ^^"^®  ^^^^'^^^^  ^^"^  and  his  wife  unto  Moses  into  the 
olx.  a.^'i,  12.  wilderness,  where  he  encamped  at  'the  mount  of  God.  ^And  he  said 
^t-..'&Y9 1     ""^*^  Moses,  "  I,  thy  father-in-law  Jethro,  am  come  unto  thee,  and  thy 

rkr."2.  19.'  ■     wife,  and  her  two  sons  with  her." 


e  Ge.  29.  13.  &. 
"33. 


APs 


■^  And  Moses  Avent  out  to  meet  his  father-in-law,  and  did  obeisance, 
"'oiTsa  ^^'  ^"^  'J^issed  him  ;  and  they  asked  each  other  of  their  twelfare,  and  they 
u.i/  ^-  came  into  the  tent.  ^And  Moses  told  his  father-in-law  all  that  the 
tfet.Ge"L  ^^^^  ^^^^  *^'^"^  ""to  Pharaoh  and  to  the  Egyptians  for  Israel's  sake, 
34.  Nu.  20. 14.  and  all  the  travail  that  had  *come  upon  them  by  the  way,  and  how  the 
slV! &fo5^o.  Lo^»  "delivered  them.  "  And  Jethro  rejoiced  for  all  the  goodness  which 
iteeGe\4  20  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^"^  ^^  ^^^^®^'  ^'^^'^  ^^^  ^^d  delivered  out  of  the  hand 
j2Ch.2.'5.  Ps.'  ^^  t'^^  Egyptians.  i«  And  Jethro  said,  "  Blessed  'be  the  Lord,  who  hath 
95.^3_  &  97. 9.  delivered  you  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Egyptians,  and  out  of  the  hand 
k  Ex.  1. 10, 16,  of  Pharaoh,  who  hath  delivered  the  people  from  under  the  hand  of  the 
?4:8^il.^' '■  ^  Egyptians.  ^  Now  I  know  that  the  Lord  is  ^greater  than  all  gods  ;  *for 
^  "  "  in  the  thing  wherein  they  dealt  'proudly  He  was  above  them  !  "  ^^  And 
Jethro,  Moses'  father-in-law,  took  a  burnt  offering  and  sacrifices  for 
God  ;  and  Aaron  came,  and  all  the  elders  of  Israel,  to  eat  bread  with 
''n    ,o  ,  ,  n.,   Moses'  father-in-law  '"before  God. 

m  De.  12. 7.  1  Ch.  1 3    A      J    • 

29. 22.1  Co.  10.  And  It  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  Moses   sat  to  judge  the 

n  he: 24. 12.  peoplc  ;  and  the  people  stood  by  Moses  from  the  morning  unto  the 
"if 's'osl- "^s-    ^^^'""g-  "^'^nd  when  Moses'  father-in-law  saw  all  that  he  did  to  the 

3.^Ac.~i8  is.  ■  people,  he  said,  "  What  is  this  thing  that  thou  doest  to  the  people  ? 
t  Heb!  ,;„^„  and  ^^^  ^^"^^t  thou  thysclf  alonc,  and  all  the  people  stand  by  thee  from 

te"^tr;5  Nu  ™°™",|g  ""to  even  ?  "  i^  And  Moses  said  unto  his  father-in-law,  "  Be- 
^i5?'35.'  ■  "■  cause  "the  people  come  unto  me  to  inquire  of  God  ;  ^^  when  they  have 
^AotJA     """  ^f^^^^  they  come  unto  me,  and  I  judge  between  tone  and  another, 

-   and  I  do  ^make  them  know  the  statutes  of  God,  and  his  laws."  ^^  And 

Moses'  father-in-law  said  unto  him,  "  The  thing  that  thou  doest  is  not 

19  De  5  5  ^"^  ^°°^*  ^^  ^"^'^^^  ^^^^  ^"""^^y  ^®^*'  ^^^'^y^  '^^th  thou,  and  this  people  that 
t  Nu.  27. 5.  ■  ^s  '^'ith  thee  ;  for  this  thing  is  too  heavy  for  thee,  'thou  art  not  able  to 
"s^r'&e'i-^  perform  it  thyself  alone.  ^^  Hearken  now  unto  my  voice,  I  will  give 
&?■.  II.'  '~'  thee  counsel,  and  "God  shall  be  with  thee.  Be  thou  Tor  the  people  to 
l^De^h]!:  CJod  ward,  that  thou  maycst 'bring  the  causes  unto  God;  '^"and  thou 
iDe.'i.'i5,'iG.  shalt  "teach  them  ordinances  and  laws,  and  shalt  show  them  "the  way 
S.x^'"'  wherein  they  must  walk,  and  "the  work  that  they  must  do.  21  Moreover 
2,Ge.42.i8.  thou  shalt  providc  out  of  all  the  people  "able  men,  such  as  Tear  God, 
lllm.%.  "'"J^"  °^  t'""th»  "hating  covetousness  ;  and  place  such  over  them,  to  be 
i)Le.24^u.  Nu.  rulcrs  of  thousauds,  and  rulers  of  hundreds,  rulers  of  fifties,  and  rulers 
of  tens.  23  And  let  them  judge  the  people  at  all  seasons  ;  'and  it  shall 
be,  that  every  great  matter  they  shall  bring  unto  thee,  but  every  small 
matter  they  shall  judge  :  so  shall  it  be  easier  for  thyself,  'and  they  shall 


1 1  Sa.  2.  3.  Ne. 
9.  10,  16,  29. 
Job  40.  11,  12. 
Ps.31.23.  & 
119.21.  Lu.  1 


gNu.  11.  14,  17. 

De.  1.  9,  12. 
r  Ex.  3.  12. 
5  Ex.  4.  16.  S 


15.  33. 

&36.  1.  De.  1 

17.  &  17.  8. 


cNu.  11. 


e)  Both  Horsley  and  Lightfoot  concur  in  placing  vol.  i.  p.  98;  Lightfoot,  vol.  i.  p.  33;  see  also  Si- 
he  account  of  the  arnval  of  Jethro  in  this  part  of  mon's  Critical  History  of  the  Old  Testament,  vol  i. 
the  narrative.      Vide  Horsley 's  Biblical  Criticisms,     book  i.  chap.  v. 


236  TWELFTH  JOURNEY— DEPARTURE  FROM  SINAI.     [Period  III. 

bear  the  burden   with   thee.  ^^  If  thou   shalt  do   this   thing,  and  God 
command  thee   so,  then  thou   shah  be  able   to   endure,  and  all   this 
dGe.  18.33.  Ex.  peoplc  shall  also  go  to  ''their  place  in  peace." 

39!  ■  '■  ■  -*  So  Moses  hearkened  to  the  voice  of  his  father-in-law,  and  did  all 
*6°5  ^'  '^"  ^'^'  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^*  ^^  "^"^  'Moses  chose  able  men  out  of  all  Israel,  and 
made  them  heads  over  the  people,  rulers  of  thousands,  rulers  of  hundreds, 
rulers  of  fifties,  and  rulers  of  tens.  ^^  And  they  judged  the  people  at  all 
seasons  ;  the  -^hard  causes  they  brought  unto  Moses,  but  every  small 
matter  they  judged  themselves. 


/JubOO. 


14. 
b  See  Ex.  13.  21. 


SECT.  L.       Section    L. Manner   in  which  the   Cloud  guided  the  People; — llie 

A   M   2514  Twelfth    Journey — From    Sinai    to    Kibroth-hattaavah ; — Order   of   the 

B.  c.  1490.  March  ; — Moses'  Blessing. 

t.ALEs,  1647.  Num.  ix.  \'y,to  the  end,  x.  11-23,  33,  to  the  end,  and  xx.xiii.  16. 

'  "'hatta:iv'ah°*  '       ^^  And  "oh  thc  day  that  the  tabernacle  was  reared  up  the  Num.  ix.  15, 
—  cloud  covered  the  tabernacle  (namely,  the  tent  of  the   testi- 

"s.'^ia.lg.'^Ps.re!  mony)  ;  and  *at  even  there  was  upon  the  tabernacle,  as  it  were,  the  ap- 
pearance of  fire,  until  the  morning.  ^^  So  it  was  always  ;  the  cloud 
covered   it  by  day,  and  the  appearance  of  fire  by  night.   ^^  And  when 

« Ex.  40. 36.  Nu.  the  cloud  Svas  taken  up  from  the  tabernacle,  then  after  that  the  children 

Ps'.  8o'.  1. '    '     of  Israel  journeyed  ;  and  in  the  place  where  the  cloud  abode,  there  the 

children  of  Israel  pitched  their  tents.  ^^  At  the  commandment  of  the 

Lord  the  children  of  Israel  journeyed,  and  at  the  commandment  of  the 

d  1  Co.  10. 1.       Lord  they  pitched  ;  ''as  long  as  the  cloud  abode  upon  the  tabernacle 

*  Heh.  prolonged,  they  rcstcd  in  their  tents.  ^^  And  when  the  cloud  *tarried  long  upon 

'3^8."  ^'^■*'  the  tabernacle  many  days,  then  the  children  of  Israel  'kept  the  charge 
of  the  Lord,  and  journeyed  not.  ^°  And  so  it  was,  when  the  cloud 
was  a  few  days  upon  the  tabernacle  ;  according  to  the  commandment 
of  the  Lord  they  abode  in  their  tents,  and  according  to  the  com- 
mandment of  the  Lord  they  journeyed,  ^i  And  so  it  was,  when  the 

t  Heb.  was.  cloud  tabodc  from  even  unto  the  morning,  and  that  the  cloud  was 
taken  up  in  the  morning,  then  they  journeyed  ;  whether  it  was  by 
day  or  by  night  that  the  cloud  was  taken  up,  they  journeyed.  -  Or 
whether  it  were  two  days,  or  a  month,  or  a  year,  that  the  cloud 
tarried  upon   the  tabernacle,  remaining  thereon,  the  children  of  Israel 

/Ex. 40. 36,37.  -^abodc  iu  their  tents,  and  journeyed  not;  but  when  it  was  taken  up, 
they  journeyed.  ~^  At  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  they  rested  in  their 
tents,  and  at  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  they  journeyed  ;  they 
kept  the  charge  of  the  Lord,  at  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  by 
the  hand  of  Moses. 

11  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  twentieth  day  of  the  second  Num.  x.  11- 
month,  in  the  second  year,  that  the  cloud  'was  taken  up  from  '  ' 
off  the  tabernacle  of  the  testimony.  ^'^  And  the  children  of  Israel  took 
'^their  journeys  out  of  the  'wilderness  of  Sinai ;  and  the  cloud  rested  in 
the  ^vilderness  of  Paran.  ^^  And  they  first  took  their  journey  *accord- 
ing  to  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

1^  In  'the  first  place  went  the  standard  of  the  camp  of  the  children 
of  Judah  according  to  their  armies  ;  and  over  his  host  was  "Nahshon 
the  son  of  Amminadab.  ^^  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children 
of  Issachar  was  Nethaneel  the  son  of  Zuar.  ^^  And  over  the  host  of  the 
tribe  of  the  children  of  Zebulun  was  Eliab  the  son  of  Hclon.  ^"  And 

n  -Nu.  1. 51.         "the  tabernacle  was  taken  down  ;  and  the  sons  of  Gershon  and  the  sons 

»NuM.24,3i.&  of  Merari  set  forward,  "bearing  the  tabernacle, 

,  Nu.  2. 10, 16.  ^^  And  ''the  standard  of  the  camp  of  Reuben  set  forward  according  to 
their  armies  ;  and  over  his  host  was  Elizur  the  son  of  Shedeur.  ^'^  And 
over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon  was  Shelumiel  the 
son  of  Zurishaddai,  20  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children 


g'Nu 

.9. 

17. 

A  Ex, 
2,9, 

iEx. 
1.1, 

,  40.  36.  Nu. 
,  16,  24,  31. 
19.  1.  iVu. 
,  &  9.  5. 

'IS- 

26.  1 

21. 
16. 
De. 

21.  Nu. 
&  13.  3, 
1.  1. 

itNu 

.2. 

34. 

INu. 

2. 

3,9. 

m  Nu.  1, 

,7. 

Part  VIIL] 


q  Nu.  4.  4,  15. 

I  Tliatis,fAcGer- 
shoiiites  and  the 
Merariles ;  see 
ver.  17.  Nu.  1. 
51. 

r  Nu.  2.  18,  24. 


s  Nu.  2.  25,  31. 
Jos.  6.  9. 


*  Ileb.  These.  Nu. 

2.  34. 

f  See  Ex.  3.  1. 
jiDe.  1.33.  Jos. 

3.  3,  4,  ti.  Ps. 
132.8.  Je.  31.  2. 
Ez.  20.  ti. 

V  See  Ex.  13.  21. 

w  Ps.  C8.  1,2.  & 
132.  8. 

I  Heb.  ten  thou- 
sand thoiuiands. 


SECT.  LI. 

A.  M.   2514. 

B.  C.  1490. 

Uale9,  1047. 

Kibroth-hattaa- 

vah. 

a  See  Ex.  2.  18. 
b  Ge.  12.  7. 
tJu.  1.  16.  &  4. 

11. 
d  Ge.  32.  12.  Ex. 

3.  8.  &  6.  7,  8. 
e  Job  29.  15. 
/Ju.  1.  16. 


SECT.  LII. 

A.  M.  2514. 
B.  C.  1490. 
Hales,  1647. 

Kibroth-hattaa- 

vali. 

*  Or,  were  a.<s  it 
were  complainers. 

\  Heb.  it  was  evil 
in  the  ears  of,  %-c. 

aPs.  78.  21. 

b  Le.  10.  2.  Nu. 
16.  35.  2Ki.  1. 
12.  Ps.  106.  18. 

c  Ja.  5.  16. 

J  Heb.  sunk. 

*  That  is,  A 
burning.  De.  9. 

d  As  Ex.  12.  38. 
t  Heb.  lusted  a 

J  Heb.  returned 

and  wept. 
e  Pb.  78.  18.  & 

106.  14.  1  Co. 

10.  6. 
/Ex.  16.  3. 
^Nu.21.  5. 
A  Ex.  16.  14,  31. 


JETHRO  RETURNS  TO  MIDIAN. 


23t 


of  Gad  was  Eliasaph  the  son  of  Deuel.  2»  And  the  Kohathites  set  for- 
ward, bearing  the  'sanctuary  ;  and  tthe  other  did  set  up  the  tabernacle 
against  tiiey  came. 

22  And  'the  standard  of  the  camp  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  set  for- 
ward according  to  their  armies ;  and  over  his  host  was  Elishama  the 
son  of  Ammihud.  ^^  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Manasseh  was  Gamaliel  the  son  of  Pedahzur.  ^^  And  over  the  host  of 
the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  was  Abidan  the  son  of  Gideoni. 

25  And  'the  standard  of  the  camp  of  the  children  of  Dan  set  for- 
ward, which  was  the  rereward  of  all  the  camps  throughout  their  hosts : 
and  over  his  host  was  Ahiezer  the  son  of  Amniishaddai.  ^e  And  over  the 
host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Asher  was  Pagiel  the  son  of  Ocran. 
27  And  over  the  host  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Naphtali  was  Ahira 
the  son  of  Enan.  28  *Thus  were  the  journeyings  of  the  children  of  Israel 
according  to  their  armies,  when  they  set  forward, 

33  And  they  departed  from  'the  mount  of  the  Lord  three  days'  jour- 
ney ;  and  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Loud  "went  before  them  in  the 
three  days'  journey,  to  search  out  a  resting  place  for  them.  ^4  And  "the 
cloud  of  the  Lord  was  upon  them  by  day,  when  they  went  out  of  the 
camp.  35  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  ark  set  forward,  that  Moses  said, — 
"  Rise  "up,  Lord  !  and  let  thine  enemies  be  scattered ; 
And  let  them  that  hate  thee  flee  before  thee." 
'^^  And  when  it  rested,  he  said, — 

"  Return,  O  Lord  !  unto  the  tmany  thousands  of  Israel." 

Num.  xxxiii.  16.  And  they  removed  from  the  desert  of  Sinai,  and  pitched  at  Kibroth- 
hattaavah. 

Section  LI. — Jethro  returns  to  Midian. 
Num.  X.  29-32.— ExoD.  xviii.  27. 

23  And  Moses  said  unto  Hobab,  the  son  of  "Raguel,  the  Midianite, 
Moses'  father-in-law,  "  We  are  journeying  unto  the  place  of  which  the 
Lord  ^said, '  I  will  give  it  you  ;'  come  thou  with  us,  and  'we  will  do  thee 
good,  for  ''the  Lord  hath  spoken  good  concerning  Israel."  ^oAnd  he 
said  unto  him,  "  I  will  not  go  ;  but  I  will  depart  to  mine  own  land,  and 
to  my  kindred."  ^i  And  he  said,  "  Leave  us  not,  I  pray  thee  ;  forasmuch 
as  thou  knowest  how  we  are  to  encamp  in  the  wilderness,  and  thou 
mayest  be  to  us  'instead  of  eyes.  ^~  And  it  shall  be,  if  thou  go  with  us, 
yea,  it  shall  be,  that  -^what  goodness  the  Lord  shall  do  unto  us,  the  same 
will  we  do  unto  thee." 

27  And  Moses  let  his  father-in-law  depart ;  and  he  went   Ex 
his  way  into  his  own  land. 

Section  LII. —  The  Burning  at  Tabcrah; — TJie  People  murmur  for  Flesh. 

Num.  xi.  1-34. 
The  burnin<r  at  Taberah  quenched  by  Moses'  prayer.     4  The  people  lust  for  fesh,  ami  loathe  mmma 
10  Moses  complaineth  of  Ids  charge.     16  God  divideth  his  burden  unto  seventy  elders.     31  Quails 
are  given  in  wrath  at  Kibroth-hattaavah. 

^  And  when  the  people  *complained,  tit  displeased  the  Lord.  And  the 
Lord  heard  it,  "and  his  anger  was  kindled,  and  the  ''fire  of  the  Lord 
burnt  among  them,  and  consumed  them  that  were  in  the  uttermost  parts 
of  the  camp.  2  And  the  people  cried  unto  Moses  ;  and  when  Moses  'prayed 
unto  the  Lord,  the  fire  twas  quenched.  ^And  he  called  the  name  of 
the  place  *Taberah  ;  because  the  fire  of  the  Lord  burnt  among  them. 

^  And  the  ''mixed  multitude  that  was  among  them  tfell  a  lusting : 
and  the  children  of  Israel  also  twept  again,  and  said,  "  Who  'shall 
o-ive  us  flesh  to  eat  ?  ^  We  ^remember  the  fish,  which  we  did  eat  in 
Egypt  freely  ;  the  cucumbers,  and  the  melons,  and  the  leeks,  and  the 
onions,  and  the  garlic  ;  ^  but  now  ^our  soul  is  dried  away,  tliere  is 
nothing  at  all,  besides  this  manna, before  our  eyes."  ^And  "the  manna 


OD.XVUl. 

27. 


2  Ki.  2.  15.  Ne. 
9.  20.  Is.  44.  3 
Joel  2.  28. 
V  E.X.  19.  10, 


238  THE  PEOPLE  MURMUR  FOR  FLESH.  [Period  HL 

*^^^'flf.'''^'^'^  ^^'^^  ^^  coriander  seed,  and  the  *color  thereof  as  the  color  of  bdeUium. 
^  And  the  people  went  about,  and  gathered  it,  and  ground  it  in  mills, 
or  beat  it  in  a  mortar,  and  baked  it  in  pans,  and  made  cakes  of  it ;  and 
the  taste  of  it  was  as  the  taste  of  fresh  oil.  ^  And  when  the  dew  fell 
upon  the  camp  in  the  night,  the  manna  fell  upon  it. 

^^  Then  Moses  heard  the  people  weep  throughout  their  families,  every 

iP8.78.2i.         jj-jj^j^  j,^  ^i^g  (Jqqj.  Qf  i^jg  ^gj^j    ^^^  ijj^g  anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled 

jDe.  1. 12.  greatly  ;  Moses  also  was  displeased.  ^^  And  ^Moses  said  unto  the  Lord, 

"  Wherefore  hast  thou  afflicted  thy  servant?  and  wherefore  have  I  not 
found  favor  in  thy  sight,  that  thou  layest  the  burden  of  all  this  people 
upon  me  ?  i-  Have  I  conceived  all  this  people  ?  have  1  begotten  them, 

*is.  49. 23.  ^'^^^  ^^^°"  shouldest  say  unto  me,  *Carry  them  in  thy  bosom,  as  a  'nurs- 

iThes.  2. 7.       ing  father  beareth  the  sucking  child,  unto  the  land  wliich  thou  "swar- 

"1:  ExJ^il.t.^"'  est  unto  their  fathers  ?  i^  Whence  "should  I  have  flesh  to  give  unto  all 

7.  Mat.  15.  33.      this  pcoplc  ?  for  they  weep  unto  me,  saying,  '  Give  us  flesh,  that  we 

oEx.  18. 18.        niay  eat.'  ^"^  I  "am  not  able  to  bear  all  this  people  alone,  because  it  is 

'jinah  4^3.^^'  ^'  *^^  heavy  for  me.  ^^  And  if  thou  deal  thus  with  me,  ^kill  me,  I  pray 
thee,  out  of  hand,  if  I  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight ;  and  let  me  not 

jZep.  3. 15.        jggg  jjjy  wretchedness." 

rsee  Ex.24. 1,9.  16  And  tlic  LoRD  Said  uuto  Moscs,  "  Gather  unto  me  '^seventy  men 
of  the  elders   of  Israel,   whom   thou  knowest  to  be  the  elders  of  the 

s  De.  16. 18.  people,  and  "officers  over  them  ;  and  bring  them  unto  the  tabernacle 
of  the  congregation,  that  they  may  stand  there   with   thee.  ^"  And  I 

^2LEx'.ii%^.^'  ^^ill  'come  down  and  talk  with  thee  there  ;  and  "I  will  take  of  the  Spirit 

u  1  sa.  10. 6.       which  is  upon  thee,  and  will  put  it  upon  them,  and  they  shall  bear  the 

burden  of  the  people  with  thee,  that  thou  bear  it   not  thyself  alone. 

^*  And  say  thou  unto  the  people,  "Sanctify  yourselves  against  to-mor- 

Ex.36.7."        ''o^^%  and  ye  shall  eat  flesh  ;  for  ye  have  wept  "in  the  ears  of  the  Lord, 

X  Ac.  7. 39.  saying,  '  Who  shall  give  us  flesh  to  eat  ?  ""for  it  was  well  with  us  in 
Egypt ; '  therefore  the  Lord  will  give  you  flesh,  and  ye  shall  eat.  ^^  Ye 
shall  not  eat  one  day,  nor  two  days,  nor   five  days,  neither  ten  days, 

^^^^'.■"^78. "29.  nor  twenty  days,  ~^  but  even  a  twhole  month,  until  it  come  out  at  your 

&  106. 15.  nostrils,  and  it  be  loathsome  unto  you  ;  because  that  ye  have  despised 

the   Lord  wOiich  is  among   you,  and   have  wept  before  him,  saying, 

y  Nu. 21. 5.         i  Why  ^came  we  forth  out  of  Egypt  ? '" 

^2!37f■&38^^26.       ^^  ^"^  Moscs  Said,  "  The  "'people  among  whom  I  am,  are  six  hun- 
Nu.  1. 46.  dred  thousand  footmen  ;  and  thou  hast  said, '  I  will  give  them  flesh,  that 

"wat.^if  33^jo    ^'^®y  '"^y  ^^*  ^  whole  month.'  ^'^  Shall  "the  flocks  and  the  herds  be  slain 

6. 7," 9.  ■    ■  "■   for  them,  to  suffice  them  ?  or  shall  all  the  fish  of  the  sea  be  gathered 

together  for  them,  to  suffice  them  ? "  ~^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses, 

*i8.5o.2.&.59.].  afg  6j|^g  Lord's  hand  waxed  short?  thou  shalt  see  now  whether  'my 

c  Nu.  23.  19.   Ez.  1111  155 

12. 25.  &  24. 14.  word  shali  come  to  pass  unto  thee  or  not. 

-^  And  Moses  went  out,  and  told  the  people  the  words  of  the  Lord, 

and  gathered  the  seventy  men  of  the  elders  of  the  people,  and  set 

d\u.  12. 5.          them  round  about  the  tabernacle.  ~^  And  the  Lord  ''came  down  in  a 

cloud,  and  spake  unto  him,  and  took  of  the  Spirit  that  was  upon  him, 

eSee2Ki.2.  15.  ^nd  gave  it  unto  the  seventy  elders ;  and  it  came  to  pass,  that,  'when 

■'^e^i'o.^  &  ■i9"'2o;  the  Spirit  rested  upon  them,  -^they  prophesied,  and  did  not  cease.  "^  But 

^9'  ^c  ^rlj^is  there  remained  two  of  the  men  in  the  camp,  the  name  of  the  one  was 

i(o.  H.i,&c."  Eldad,  and  the  name  of  the  other  Medad  ;  and  the  Spirit  rested  upon 

^26.^  J  J.  36.' 5^."'     them,  and  they  were  of  them  that  were  written,  but  ^went  not  out 

unto  the  tabernacle,  and  they  prophesied  in  the  camp.  ~"  And  there 

ran  a  young  man,  and  told  Moses,  and  said, "  Eldad  and  Medad  do 

prophesy  in  the  camp."  2**  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  the  servant  of 

Moses,  one  of  his  young  men,  answered   and  said,  "  My  lord  Moses, 

AjSee  Ma^l' 38-    ''forbid  theui  ! "  ~'^  And  Moses  said  unto  him,  "  Enviest  thou   for  my 

ii"co.  14.  5.       sake  ?  'would  God  that  all  the  Lord's  people  were  prophets,  and  that 


Paet  VIIL]  the  leprosy  of  MIRIAM.  239 

the  Lord  would  put  his  Spirit  upon  them  ! "  ^°  And  Moses  gat  him 

into  the  camp,  he  and  the  elders  of  Israel. 

^Ts^be^ae  &105        ^^  ^"^  there  went  forth  a  ^wind  from  the  Lord,  and  brought  quails 

4o'.        '        '  from  the  sea,  and  let  them  fall  by  the  camp,  las  it  were,  a  day's  journey 

*t"/Lry\^a«!  o"  this  side,  and,  as  it  were,  a  day's  journey  on  the  other  side,  round 

about  the  camp,  and,  as  it  were,  two  cubits  high  upon  the  face  of  the 

earth,  ^~  And  the  people  stood  up  all  that  day,  and  all  that  night,  and 

all    the   next  day,  and  they   gathered  the  quails,    (he  that  gathered 

least  gathered  ten  ^homers  ;)  and   they  spread  them  all  abroad    for 

themselves  round  about  the  camp,  ^^  And  while  the  'flesh  was  yet  be- 

8. 30, 31.         tween  their   teeth,  ere  it  was   chewed,  the  wrath  of  the    Lord  was 

kindled  against  the  people,  and  the  Lord  smote  the  people  with  a  very 

'i/7u*rDe.  great  plague.  ^"^  And  he  called  the  name  of  that  place  *Kibroth-hat- 

taavah ;  because  there  they  buried  the  people  that  lusted. 


ft  Ex.  16.36.  Ez. 

•1...  IJ. 
I  Job  20.  23.  Ps. 


Tliat  is,  The 


SECT.  Llii.     Section  LIU.— The  Thirteenth   Journey— From  Kibroth-hattaavah  to  Ha- 

.    ,,  „.,.  zeroth ; — Leprosy  of  Miriam. 

A.    M.  9514.  r        J    J 

B.  C.  1490.  Num.  xi.  35,  xii.  1-15,  and  xxxiii.  17. 

Hales,  1647.  35  ^^^  ^j^g  pcoplc  joumeycd  from  Kibroth-hattaavah  unto  Hazeroth  ; 

Hazeroih.  ^^^^  *abode  at  Hazcroth. 

*  Heb.  tA£-i/ joare  "^  Aud   Miriam  and  Aaron  spake  against  Moses  because  of     Num.  xii. 

"'>-5'<;-  the  t Ethiopian  woman  whom  he  had   married,  (for  he   had 

t  ot  cxishiu.  Jniarried  an  Ethiopian  woman)  ;  ^  and  they  said,  "  Hath  the  Lord  indeed 

J  Heb.  toften.  Ex.  ,      ,        n  j^  .^    m        i     /  i  11  -  ,5     a        1     1        t 

•2. 21.  spoken  only  by  Moses  ?    hath  he  not  spoken  also  by  us  .''     And  the  Lord 

a^Ex.i5.2o.Mic.  ijigaj-fj  j^ .  3  ^]\Jq^  tjjg  j^g^j^  Moscs  was  vcry  meek,  above  all  the  men  which 
iGe.  29. 33.  Nu.  wcrc  upou  the  face  of  the  earth)  ;  "^and  "the  Lord  spake  suddenly 
Is.' 37. 4.  Ez. 35!  unto  Moses,  and  unto  Aaron,  and  unto  Miriam,  "  Come  out  ye  three 
^^'  ^^'  unto  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation."     And  they  three  came  out. 

^  And ''the  Lord  came  down  in  the  pillar  of  the  cloud,  and  stood  in  the 
door  of  the  tabernacle,  and  called  Aaron  and  Miriam  ;  and  they  both 
came  forth.  ^  And  he  said,  "  Hear  now  my  words.  If  there  be  a  prophet 
among  you,  I  the  Lord  will  make  myself  known  unto  him  'in  a  vision, 
■^f  Ki^3  5"'  iMat  ^"^  ^^  speak  unto  him  ■'in  a  dream.  ''  My  servant  Moses  is  not  so, 
1-  'JO-  ^who  is  faithful  in  all  ''my  house.  ^  With  him  will  I  speak  'mouth  to 

iiT  3 "U  mouth,  even  ^apparently,  and  not  in  dark  speeches;  and  ''the  simili- 
iE.x.33.  u.De.  tude  of  the  Lord  shall  he  behold — wherefore  then  'were  ye  not  afraid 
^^-  ^°-  to  speak  against  my  servant  Moses  ?"  ^  And  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was 

kindled  against  them  ;  and  he   departed.   ^^  And   the  cloud    departed 
from  off"  the  tabernacle  ;  and,  '"behold,  Miriam  became  "leprous,  white 
as  snow!  and  Aaron  looked  upon  Miriam,  and,  behold,  she   was  lep- 
«sle  Ex.  4.6.     rous  !  ^^  And  Aaron  said  unto  Moses,  "  Alas  !  my  lord,  I  beseech  thee, 
o2Sa.  19. 19.  &    "lay  not  the  sin  upon  us,  wherein  we  have  done  foolishly,  and  wherein 

24    10    Pr    30 

32!  '  '  we  have  sinned.  ^^  Let  her  not  be  ^as  one  dead,  of  whom  the  flesh  is  half 
pPs.  88. 4.  consumed  when  he  cometh  out  of  Iiis  mother's  womb."   ^^  And  Moses 

cried  unto  the  Lord,  saying,  "  Heal  'her  now,  O  God,  I  beseech  thee  !" 
^''  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  If  '^her  father  had  but  spit  in 
her  face,  should  she  not  be  ashamed  .seven  days?  let  her  be  ''shut  out 
from  the  camp  seven  days,  and  after  that  let  her  be  received  in  again." 
^^  And  'Miriam  was  shut  out  from  the  camp  seven  days  ;  and  the  people 
journeyed  not  till  Miriam  was  brought  in  again. 


c  Ps.  76. 
dNu.  11.25, 


iGe.  15.  ]. 


Co.  13.  12. 


k  Ex.  33.  19. 

Z2Pe.  2.  10. 

Jude  8. 
m  De.  24. 


q  See  Ex.  4.  7. 
r  See  Heb.  12.  9 


Num.  xxxiii.  17.     And  they  departed  from   Kibroth-hattaavah,  and  encamped  at  Ha- 
zeroth. 


Ritlunali. 


Nu.  IJ.  35. 
I.  16. 


1.  19.  &  9.  23. 


Nu.  14.  6,  30. 


240  FOURTEENTH  JOURNEY— SPIES  SENT  OUT.      [Period  III. 

SECT.  Liv.  Section  LIV. —  T7ic  Fourteenth  Journey — From  Hazeroth  to  Rithmah; — 
—  The  Sj)ies  sent  out. 

B.  C.  1489.  Num.  xii.  16,  xiii.,  xiv.,  and  xxxiii.  18,  ujid  Psalm  xc. 

Haxes,  1646.  ^''^  names  of  the  men  who  were  sent  to  search  the  land.  17  Their  instnicHons.  21  Tlieir  acts.  26 
Their  relation.  —  Chap.  xiv.  1  The  people  nnirmur  at  the  news.  6  Joshua  and  Caleb  labor  to 
still  them.  11  God  threateneth  them.  13  Moses  persiiadeth  God,  and  oblainelh  pardon.  26  The 
7mtrmurers  are  deprived  of  enteritig  into  the  land.  Sfj  The  men  who  raised  the  evil  report  die  by  a 
plague.     40  The  people  that  would  invade  tlie  land  agaiml  the  will  of  God  are  smitten. 

^^And  afterward  the  people  removed  from  "Hazeroth,  and  pitched 
in  the  wilderness  of  Paran. 
*h"^^^'^'  ^^'  ^  "^"^  t'^^  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  2"  Send  Hhou  ^'^i*'-  xiii. 
men,  that  they  may  search  the  land  of  Canaan,  which  I 
give  unto  the  children  of  Israel  ;  of  every  tribe  of  their  fathers  shall 
ye  send  a  man,  every  one  a  ruler  among  them."  ^  And  Moses,  by  the 
eNu.i2.i6.jDe.  Commandment  of  the  Lord,  sent  them  'from  the  wilderness  of  Paran  ; 
all  those  men  were  heads  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

'^  And  these  were  their  names  : — of  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  Shammua 
the  son  of  Zaccur  ;  ^  of  the  tribe  of  Simeon,  Shaphat  the  son  of  Hori ; 
^  of  ''the  tribe  of  Judah,  'Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  ;  ^  of  the  tribe 
of  Issachar,  Igal  the  son  of  Joseph  ;  *^of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim,  Osheathe 
ir/u/iSa.  ^^'  son  of  Nun  ;  '•>  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  Palti  the  son  of  Raphu  ;  1°  of  the 
tribe  of  Zebulun,  Gaddiel  the  son  of  Sodi ;  ^' of  the  tribe  of  Joseph, 
(namely,  of  the  tribe  of  Manasseh),Gaddi  the  son  of  Susi  ;  '-of  the  tribe 
of  Dan,  Ammiel  the  son  of  Gemalli ;  '^  of  the  tribe  of  Asher,  Sethur  the 
son  of  Michael ;  i"*  of  the  tribe  of  Naphtali,  Nahbi  the  son  of  Vophsi ; 
'■''  of  the  tribe  of  Gad,  Geuel  the  son  of  Machi :  '''these  are  the  names 
of  the  men  which  Moses  sent  to  spy  out  the  land.  And  Moses  called 
/E'^g'^.  9.  Nu.    /Qshea,  the  son  of  Nun,  Jehoshua. 

'^  And  Moses  sent  them  to  spy  out  the  land  of  Canaan,  and  said  unto 

^ju^'/y  19'        them,  "  Get  you  up  this  way  southward,  and  go  up  into  °'the  mountain. 

''^  And  see  the  land,  what  it  is  ;  and  the  people  that  dwelleth  therein, 

whether  they  be  strong  or  weak,  few  or  many;  ''-^and  what  the  land 

is  that  they  dwell  in,  whether  it  be  good  or  bad  ;  and  what  cities  they 

be  that  they  dwell  in,  whether  in  tents,  or  in  strong  holds  ;  ~^and  what 

*E!f'34^jl^'  ^^'  ^'^^  ^"^"^^  '^'  whether  it  be  'fat  or  lean,  whether  there  be  wood  therein, 

i  ne.  31.  u,  7,     or  not.     And  'be  ye  of  good  courage,  and  bring  of  the  fruit  of  the 

land."     Now  the  time  was  the  time  of  the  first  ripe  grapes. 

-'  So  they  went  up,  and  searched  the  land  ■'from  the  wilderness  of 
tJos.  19. 28.  Zin  unto  ^Rehob,  as  men  come  to  Hamath.  ^-And  they  ascended  by 
Uos.  11. 21, 2-2.  the  south,  and  came  unto  Hebron:  where  'Ahiman,  Sheshai,  and  Tal- 
jnJos.2i.  11.  i^^ai,  the  children  of  Anak,  were.  (Now  '"Hebron  was  built  seven  years 
"19^11^'^^'  '"'  'before  "Zoan  in  Egypt.)  -'^  And  "they  came  unto  the  *brook  of  Esh- 
0 1)6.1.24,25.  col,  and  cut  down  from  thence  a  branch  with  one  cluster  of  grapes, 
*or,vaiiey.  Nu.  aud  they  bare  it  between  two  upon  a  stafl';  and  they  brought  of  the 
t  Or,i'a;/"y. '  pomegraimtes,  and  of  the  figs.  ~*  The  place  was  called  the  tbrook  tEsh- 
jThutis,  a  cius-  col,  bccause  of  thc  clustcr  of  grapes  which  the  children  of  Israel  cut 
terojsrape^.  jIq^^,,  f^^j^-,  thcuce.  -'^  And  they  returned  from  searching  of  the  land 
after  forty  days. 

-^  And  they  went  and  came  to  Moses,  and  to  Aaron,  and  to  all  the 
congregation  of  the  cliildren  of  Israel  unto  the  wilderness  of  Paran,  to 
y  Nu.20. 1, 16.     ^Kadesh  ;  and  brought  back  word  unto  them,  and  unto  all  the  congre- 
gation, and  showed  them  the  fruit  of  the  land.  ~"  And   they  told  him, 
and  said,  "  We   came  unto   the  land    whither   thou   sentest  us,  and 
rDrf'25^'  ^'     ^"''*^'y  't  floweth  with  'milk  and  honey;  '^and  this   is   the   fruit  of  it. 
I  De'.  i.  28.  &    ^^Nevertheless  'the  people  be  strong  that  dwell  in  the  land,  and  the 
tEx'n  8  Nu     cities  are  walled,  and  very  great  ;  and  moreover  we  saw  the  children 
i4!''43.ju.  6.3.  of  Anak  there.  ~^The  'Amalekites  dwell  in  the  land  of  the  south  ;  and 
i5.'3, &'c.  '       tlie  Ilittites,  and  the  Jebusites,  and  the  Amorites,  dwell  in  the  moun- 


j  Nu.  34.3.  J03 
15.  1. 


u  See  Nu.  14.  ( 
24. 

V  Nu.  32. 9.  De. 


Part  VIIL]  THE  RETURN  OF  THE  SPIES.  241 

tains  ;  and  the  Canaanites  dwell  by  the  sea,  and  by  the  coast  of  Jordan  " 
And  "Caleb  stilled  the  people  before  Moses, and  said,  "Let  us  <to  up 
at  once,  and  possess  it ;  for  vv.e.are  well  able  to   overcome   it  "  3i  j^^^ 
1.^^.  JosVh:^:     the  men  that  went  up   with  him  said,  "  We   be  not  able  to  so  up 
against   the    people ;    for   they  are    stronger  than   we."  ^2  And  thev 
.  ^u.  14. 36, 37.     brought  up  an  evil  report  of  the  land  which   they  had  searched  unto 

"^'^^  ""^  ^''^''^'  '^>'"'S'  "  ^^'"^  J^"^'  through  which  we  have  gone 
^-     "-  ■        to  search  it,  is  a  land  that  eateth  up  the  inhabitants  thereof;  and^all 

Hej.:ne,.ofstat-  thc  pcoplc  that  WO  saw  in  it  are  *men  of  a  great  stature.  33A„d  there 
'^T^9^-  "-  '""^  '^"^  ^^^  gi^^ts,  ''the  sons  of  Anak,  which  come  of  the  giants  •  and 

Is.  40. 23.         ^l^f!^^  '"  °"^  ^^"  ^^S^^t  as  ^grasshoppers,  and  so  we  were  "in  their 

^  And  all  the  congregation  ^lifted  up  their  voice,  and  cried  •  Num.  xW. 
and  the  people  wept  that  night.  ^  And  ''all  the  children  of 
Israel  murmured  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron  ;  and  the  whole  con- 
gregation said  unto  them,  -  Would  God  that  we  had  died  in  the  land  of 
■  i^gypt !  or  would  God  we  had  died  in  this  wilderness  !  ^  And  wherefore 
hath  the  Lord  brought  us  unto  this  land,  to  fall  by  the  sword,  that  our 
wives  and  our  children  should  be  a  prey  ?  were  it  not  better  for  us  to  re- 
/Neh.  1.  17.        turn  into  Egypt  ?  "  ^  And  they  said  one  to  another, ''  Let  ^us  make  a  cap- 

'itlcl\^i     t"''  r     ^  ''^"'  '''^"'"  ^"^°  ^gyPt-"  'Then  ^Moses  and  Aaron  fell  on 
;.Nu.  16.4,22.     tneir  laces  before  all  the  assembly  of  the  congregation  of  the  children 
ol  Israel. 

•^And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh 
vyhich  were  of  them  that  searched  the  land,  rent  their  clothes.  ^And 
tliey  spake  unto  all  the  company  of  the  children  of  Israel,  sayino-  "The 

'^■^:^t  T  ir  su.\  r^'  ""?,  Pf  f  ^.  ''^'^^S'^  ^^  ^^^^^^^  it,  is  an  exceeding  good  land. 
10.9.  ps.22.8.  "  the  I.0RD  delight  in  us,  then  he  will  bring  us  into  this  land  and 
,Na.  13  27.  S'^^  't  "'  '  '^  '^^"^  which  Aowcth  with  milk  and  honey.  ^Only  *rebel 
^De.  9. 7, 23, 24.  "ot  yc  agaiust  the  Lord,  'neither  fear  ye  the  people  of  the  land  •  for 
ine.^.  18.  ^  they  are  bread  for  us  :  their  fdefence  is  departed  from  them,  "and  the 
rHb'w-  -^^^^/^  with  us:  fear  them  not."  i^But  "all  the  congregation  bade 
'^%ttl.  f  ^ne  them  with  stones.  And  -the  glory  of  the  Lokb  appeared  in  the 
tabernacle  of  the  congregation  before  all  the  children  of  Israel. 


a.  17.  42.  sight. 

b  Ge.  45.  2. 
cNu.  H.  4. 
dEx.  16.  2.  & 
17.  3. 

e  See  ver.  2.S.  2 


30.  2,  3.  Je.  48. 
45 


45.  11  A    .J    I     T      — &--&"^"^"  LFV.1WIC  an  uie  cmiuieii  oi  israei. 

%?-H''-n''-oo^"-  .  ^'^''.the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  How  long  will  this  people  'pro- 
?:3,^4.  ?:.T-5.  ^.oke  me  ?  and  how  long  will  it  be  ere  they  ^believe  me,  for  all  the 
lak'pJe^^;  signs  which  I  have  showed  among  them  ?  ^H  will  smite  them  with  the 
aJ^h;  'L  P^f  lence   and  disinherit  them,  and   will  make  of  thee  a  greater  nation 

8.  23.  and  mightier  than  they. 

;  Ex'.  Is.  to.  Le.  .,  ''^"^  '^^.^'^^  fid  ""to  the  Lord,  "Then  the  Egyptians  shall  hear 

9.  ^  Nu.  16.  It,  (for  aou  broughtest  up  this  people  in  thy  might  from  among  them,) 
,i);.9:7,8,22.     ,  ^"^  t'ley  will  tell  it  to  the   inhabitants  of  this  land  ;  "for  thev  have 

p.  95. 8.  He.  3.  heard  that  thou  Lord  art  among  this  people,  that  thou  Lord  art  seen 
^f-l^'^h^'h  *^^^  to  face,  and  that  "thy  cloud   standeth  over  them,  and   that  thou 

.0:12737.  He.-  goest  before  them  by  day  time  in  a  pillar  of  a  cloud,  and  in  a  pillar 
fB^32. 10.  ,f  ^'''}'y  "'?'^t.  i^Now  if  thou  Shalt  kill  all  this  people  as  one  man, 
.Ex.32  12.  Ez.  hen  the  nations  which  have  heard  the  fame  of  thee  will  speak,  saying 
u  Ex  '15  14.  Jos.  '  I^ecause  the  Lord  was  not  '"able  to  bring  this  people  into  the  land 
/sel'E;"3%;-  '^'"*^'\  ^^,  ^^^'-e  "'\to  them,  therefore  he  hath  slain  them  in  the  wilder- 
.De.r28   ji  "^''-  ,   ^^"d  "ow,  I  beseech  thee,  let  the  power  of  my  Lord  be  o-reat 

M  EX.  34.  6,  IZZf'f  ":  '^^'^^  '^^?  ^P.°l>^"'  «'^y"^g'  "  '  The   Lord  is  longsufT^ring,' 

7.  Jonah  4. 2.  and  ot  great  mercy,  forgiving  iniquity  and   transgression,  and   bv  no 

l^ltl-  Tu  '  '^'^""f  the  guilty,  ^visiting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the 

a  PS.- 106. 45.  f  hildren  unto  the  third  and  fourth  generation.'  ^^  Pardon,  "I  beseech  thee 

TJ;  Sw.  !  ",  T'^T^  i  ^^''l  P^^P'^  "according  unto  the  greatness  of  thy  mercy 

!j°:'5"ri-jo.  ^"fo  f  i'T  ^T  ^^'■-^'""  '^'''  P^^Pl^'  ^•■o'"  Egypt  even  tuntil  now."^ 

'■  '""vol  1  ""  ''"''*'  "  ^  ^^""^  pardoned  ^according  to  thy  word : 


242  THE  ISRAELITES  MURMUR.  [Period  HI. 

dP9.72. 19.  21  bjjt  a.s  truly  as  I  live,  "all  the  earth  shall  be  filled  with  the  glory  of 
eDe.  ).35.  Ps.  the  Lord.  ^-^  Because 'all  those  men  which  have  seen  my  glory,  and 
9o.  11.  He. 3. 17,  jj^y  j^^j-^^-igg  ^^jj^^h  I  did  iu  Egypt  and  in  the  wilderness,  have  tempted 
/Gen.  31. 7.  me  now -^these  ten  times,  and  have  not  hearkened  to  my  voice; 
•  Heb.  if  u^  see  23  *gurely  they  shall  not  see  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  their  fathers, 

tlie.laiuL  Nu.  32.  .,•',,,  r     ^  i  i        i  -x       94  i      ^  i, 

11.  Ez.  2u.  15.  neither  shall  any  of  tliem  that  provoked  me  see  it :  ^^  but  my  servant 
g-jo3. 14.6-8.  '^Caleb,  because  he  had  another  spirit  with  him,  and  'hath  followed  me 
h  Nu.  32.  12.        ^^jj^^  ^.^^  ^^.jj  J  j^^j^g  j^^^^  ^j^^  1^^^^  whereinto  he  went ;  and  his  seed 

shall  possess  it.  ^•'^  (Now  the  Amalekites  and  the  Canaanites   dwelt  in 
iDe.  1. 40.  the  valley.)     To-morrow  turn  you, 'and  get   you  into   the   wilderness 

by  the  way  of  the  Red  Sea." 

^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying,  -"^  "  How 
jEx.  16.28.  Mat.  .'long  shall  I  bear  with  this  evil  congregation,  which  murmur  against 
k  Ex.  16. 12.  me  ?  *I  have  heard  the  murmurings  of  the  children  of  Israel,  which 
I  Nu.  26.  65.  they  murmur  against  me.  ~^  Say  unto  them,  'As  truly  as  I  live,  saith 
jifsee  ver.\  the  LoRD,  "as  yc  havc  spoken  in  mine  ears,  so  will  I  do  to  you  :  ^^  your 
«Nu.  1.45.&26.  carcasses  shall  fall  in  this  wilderness  ;  and  "all  that  were  numbered  of 
^'  you,  according  to  your  whole  number,  from  twenty  years  old  and  up- 

ward, which  have  murmured  against  me,  ^"  doubtless  ye  shall  not  come 
t  Heb.  lifted  up  into  thc  land,  concerning  wiiich  I  tsware  to  make  you  dwell  therein, 
my  w.  Ge.  „^^^^  ^^j^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  Jcphuuneh,  and  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun.  ^^  But 
''32'"r2^De'^'36'  ^y^^^  I'ttlc  oucs,  which  yc  Said  should  be  a  prey,  them  will  I  bring  in^ 
38^  ■  ^'  ■  '  m^(i  they  si^all  know  the  land  which  'ye  have  despised.  ^  But  as  for 
pDe.  1. 39.  y^y^  "^yonx  carcasses,  they  shall  fall  in  this  wilderness.  ^^  And  your  chil- 
r  rco.°io^5.  d'en  shall  twander  in  the  wilderness  'forty  years,  and  'bear  your  whore- 
He.  3.  i?.  doms,  until  your  carcasses  be  wasted  in  the  wilderness.  ^"^  After  "the 
^32°'i3f''pB.  io":  number  of  the  days  in  which  ye  searched  the  land,  even  "forty  days, 
'*'*•  each  day  for  a  year,  shall  ye  bear  your  iniquities,  even  forty  years, 
!S!S!35."'  "and  ye  shall  know  *my  breach  of  promise.  ^^  I  ""the  Lord  have  said, 
uNu.  13.  25.  I  will  surely  do  it  unto  alPthis  evil  congregation,  that  are  gathered 
r^P8.95.io.  Ez.  tQggti^gj.  against  me:  in  this  wilderness  they  shall  be  consumed,  and 
wSeeiKi.8.56.  there  they  shall  die."  '^'^  And  ~'tlie  men,  which  Moses  sent  to  search  the 


land,  who  returned,  and  made  all  the  congregation  to  murmur  against 


Ps.  77.  8.   He.  4. 
1. 

*  Or,  altering  of  j^j,^^^  ^y  bringing  up  a  slander  upon  the  land,  ^'''even  those  men  that 
i'nu!23."i9.  did  bring  up  the  evil  report  upon  the  land,  "died  by  the  plague  before 
y  1  Co.  10. 5.  the  Lord.  ^'^  But  ''Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  Caleb  the  son  of  Je- 
iTco^^io' 'i'^'  pliunneh,  which  were  of  the  men  that  went  to  search  the  land,  lived 
"He.3.i7.'ju(ie5.  gtiU.  ^'^  And  Moscs  told  these  sayings  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel: 
^K.^ii.*^^'  ■'°''  'and  the  people  mourned  greatly. 

^^  And  they  rose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  gat  them  up  into  the 
top  of  the  mountain,  saying,  "  Lo  !  ''we  be  here,  and  will  go  up  unto 
the  place  which  the  Lord  hath  promised  :  for  we  have  sinned."  ^^  And 
Moses  said,  "Wherefore  now  do  ye  transgress  'the  commandment  of 
the  Lord  ?  but  it  shall  not  prosper.  ''-  Go  '^not  up,  for  the  Lord  is  not 
among  you  ;  that  ye  be  not  smitten  before  your  enemies.  ^'^  For  the 
Amalekites  and  the  Canaanites  are  there  before  you,  and  ye  shall  fall 
by  the  sword  ;  "^because  ye  are  turned  away  from  the  Lord,  therefore 
the  Lord  will  not  be  with  you."  ^^  But  Hhey  presumed  to  go  up  unto 
the  hill  top ;  nevertheless  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  and 
Moses,  departed  not  out  of  the  camp.  ^-^Then  the  Amalekites  came 
down,  and  the  Canaanites  which  dwelt  in  that  hill,  and  smote  them, 
tNu.2i.3.Ju.  1.  and  discomfited  them,  even  unto  'Hormah. 

17. 


cEx.  3! 

i.  4. 

dDe.l. 

41. 

e2Cli. 

24.  20. 

/De.  1. 

42. 

fSCh. 

15.2. 

ftDe.  1 

.  43,  44. 

Fart  VIII.] 


LAWS  OF  THE  MEAT  OFFERING,  &c. 


243 


PS/VLM  XC. 

*  Or,  A  Prai/nr, 

beina-  a  Psdlm  of 

■Moses. 

t  De.  33.  1. 

a  De.  33.  27.  Ez. 

11.  16. 
t  Heb.  ire  gcitrra- 

tioii  and  gciicra- 

iion. 
b  Pr.  8.  25,  26. 


d  2  Pe.  3.  8. 

*  Or,  xohen  he  hath 
passed  them. 


c  Ps.  73.  20. 

/Ps.  103.  15.  Is. 

40.  6. 
•f  Or,  is  changed, 
g  Ps.  92.  7.  Job 

14.2. 


h  Ps.  50.  21.  Je. 

16.  17. 
i  Ps.  19.  12. 

J  Heb.  turned 
away. 

*  Or,  as  a  medita- 
tion. 

t  Heb.  As  for  the 
days  of  our 
years,  in  them 
are  seventy  years. 


j  Ps.  39.  4. 

%  Heb.  cause  to 


n  Ps.  27.  4. 
o  Is.  26.  12. 


SECT.    LV. 

A.  Jr.  2515. 

B.  C.  1489. 

Hales,  1646. 

Rithmah. 


a  Lev.  23.  10. 

b  Le.  1.  2,  3. 

*  Heh.separating 
Le.  7.  16.  &  22 
18,  21.  &L  27.  2. 

cLe.  23.  8,12, 
36.  Nu.  28.  19, 
27.  &  29.  a,  8, 
13.  De.  16.  10. 

dGe.  8.  21. 


PSALM    XC.(26) 

*A  Prayer  of  tyloses  the  mail  of  God. 

Moses,  setting  forth  God's  proiridence ,  3  cmnplaineth  of  human  fragility,!  divine  chastisements,  10  and 

brevilij  of  life.    12  He  prayeth  for  the  knowledge  ana  sensible  experience  of  God's  good  providence. 

^  Lord  !  "thou  hast  been  our  dweUing-place  tin  all  generations. 
^  Before  'the  mountains  were  brought  forth, 

Or  ever  thou  hadst  formed  the  earth  and  the  world, 

Even  from  everlasting  to  everlasting,  thou  art  God. 
^  Thou  turnest  man  to  destruction  ; 

And  sayest,  'Return,  ye  children  of  men. 
■*  For  ''a  thousand  years  in  thy  sight 

Are  but  as  yesterday  *when  it  is  past, 

And  as  a  watch  in  the  night. 
^  Thou  carriest  them  away  as  with  a  flood ; 

They  ^are  as  a  sleep  : 

In  tifie  morning  ^they  are  like  grass  which  fgroweth  up. 
^  In  ^the  morning  it  flourisheth,  and  groweth  up ; 

In  the  evening  it  is  cut  down,  and  withereth. 
"^  For  we  are  consumed  by  thine  anger. 

And  by  thy  wrath  are  we  troubled. 
^  Thou  ''hast  set  our  iniquities  before  thee, 

Our  'secret  sins  in  the  light  of  thy  countenance. 
^  For  all  our  days  are  tpassed  away  in  thy  wrath : 

We  spend  our  years  *as  a  tale  that  is  told. 
^°  tThe  days  of  our  years  are  threescore  years  and  ten ; 

And  if  by  reason  of  strength  they  be  fourscore  years, 

Yet  is  their  strength  labor  and  sorrow  ; 

For  it  is  soon  cut  off,  and  we  fly  away. 
^'  Who  knoweth  the  power  of  thine  anger? 

Even  according  to  thy  fear,  so  is  thy  wrath. 
^^  So  ^  teach  us  to  number  our  days. 

That  we  may  tapply  our  hearts  unto  wisdom. 

^^  Return,  O  Lord  !  how  long  ? 

And  let  it  ^repent  thee  concerning  thy  servants. 
'**  O  satisfy  us  early  with  thy  mercy  ! 

That  'we  may  rejoice  and  be  glad  all  our  days. 
^^  Make  us  glad  according  to  the  days  wherein  thou  hast  afflicted  us, 

And  the  years  wherein  we  have  seen  evil. 
^^  Let  '"thy  work  appear  unto  thy  servants, 

And  thy  glory  unto  their  children. 
^"^  And  "let  the  beauty  of  the  Lord  our  God  be  upon  us. 

And  "establish  thou  the  work  of  our  hands  upon  us ; 

Yea,  the  work  of  our  hands  establish  thou  it. 
Num.  xxxiii.  18. 


And  they  departed  from  Hazeroth,  and  pitched  in  Rithmah. 


Section  LV. 


-Laios  of  the  Meat  Offering,  S^i 

Num.  XV. 


-Sins  of  Ignorance. 


The  laiv  of  the  meat  offering,  and  the  drink  offeri7ig.  14,  29  The  stranger  is  under  the  same  law.  17 
The  law  of  the  first  of  the  dough  for  a  heave  offering.  22  The  sacrifice  for  sins  of  ignorance.  30 
The  prinisliment  of  p'resumptioji.  ^1  He  that  violated  the  Sabbath  is  stoned .  37  The  law  of  fringes. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  "unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  be  come  into  the  land  of 
your  habitations,  which  I  give  unto  you,  ^  and  'will  make  an  offering  by 
fire  unto  the  Lord,  a  burnt  offering,  or  a  sacrifice  in  *performing  a  vow, 
or  in  a  freewill  offering,  or  'in  your  solemn  feasts,  to  make  ''a  sweet 


("")  The  opinion  that  the  ninetieth  Psalm  was  very  ancient.  Lightfoot,  vol.  i.  p.  34  ;  Home's 
composed  by  Moses,  when  God  shortened  the  life  Introduction  to  the  Critical  Study  of  the  Bible,  vol.ii. 
of  man,  after  the  murmuring  in  the  wilderness,  is     p.  154  ;  Gray's  Key,  p.  261. 


244  THE  SACRIFICES  FOR  SINS  OF  IGNORANCE.     [Period  111. 

eLe.2. 1.  savour  unto  the  Lord,  of  the  herd,  or  of  the  flock  ;  "^  then  ^shall  he  that 

/Ex.  29. 40.        offereth  his  offering  unto  tlie  Lord  bring  ^a  meat  offering  of  a  tenth 
g-Le.  14. 10.  Nu.  deal  of  flour  mingled  ^with  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin  of  oil.  ^And  ''the 
ANu.28.7, 14.     fourth  part  of  a  hin  of  wine  for  a  drink  offering  shalt  thou  prepare  with 
t  Nu.  28. 12, 14.    the  burnt  offering  or  sacrifice,  for  one  lamb.  ''  Or  'for  a  ram,  thou  shalt 
prepare  for  a  meat  offering  two  tenth  deals  of  flour  mingled  with  the 
third  part  of  a   hin  of  oil.  '  And  for  a  drink  oflering  thou  shalt  offer 
the   third   part  of  a  hin  of  wine,  for  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord. 
^  And  when  thou  preparest  a  bullock  for  a  burnt  offering,  or  for  a  sac- 
j  Le.  7. 11.  rifice  in  performing  a  vow,  or  •'peace  offerings  unto  the  Lord  ;  ^  then 

*Nu.  28.  12,  14.  sha.ll  he  bring  ''with  a  bullock  a  meat  offering  of  three  tenth  deals  of 
flour  mingled  with  half  a  hin  of  oil.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  bring  for  a  drink 
offering  half  a  hin  of  wine,  for  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  sa- 
mu.  xxviu.  vour  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  Thus  'shall  it  be  done  for  one  bullock,  or  for 
one  ram,  or  for  a  lamb,  or  a  kid.  ^~  According  to  the  number  that  ye 
shall  prepare,  so  shall  ye  do  to  every  one  according  to  their  number. 
^^All  that  are  born  of  the  country  shall  do  these  things  after  this 
manner,  in  offering  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the 
Lord.  ^^  And  if  a  stranger  sojourn  with  you,  or  whosoever  be  among 
you  in  your  generations,  and  will  offer  an  offering  made  by  fire,  of  a 
m  Ex.  12. 49.  swect  savour  unto  the  Lord  ;  as  ye  do,  so  he  shall  do.  ^^  One  '"or- 
dinance shall  be  both  for  you  of  the  congregation,  and  also  for  the 
stranger  that  sojourneth  with  you,  an  ordinance  for  ever  in  your  gener- 
ations ;  as  ye  are,  so  shall  the  stranger  be  before  the  Lord.  ^'^  One  law 
and  one  manner  shall  be  for  you,  and  for  the  stranger  that  sojourneth 
with  you." 
n  De.  26. 1.  17  ^j^^j  ^j^g  LoRD  spakc  uuto  Moscs,  Saying,  ^^ "  Speak  "unto  the  chil- 

dren of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them.  When  ye  come  into  the  land  whither 

0  jo8. 5. 11, 12.  J  bring  you,  ^^  then  it  shall  be,  that,  when  ye  eat  of  "the  bread  of  the  land, 
pDe.26. 2^10.  ye  shall  offcr  up  a  heave  offering  unto  the  Lord.  -°  Ye  ''shall  offer  up  a 
g  Le.  2. 14.         cakc  of  the  first  of  your  dough  for  a  heave  offering  ;  as  ye  do  'the  heave 

oflfering  of  the  threshingfloor,  so  shall  ye  heave  it.  -^  Of  the  first  of  your 

dough  ye  shall  give  unto  the  Lord  a  heave  offering  in  your  generations. 

»■  Le.  4. 2.  22  a  And  '^if  yc  have  erred,  and  not  observed  all  these  commandments, 

which  the  Lord  hath  spoken  unto  Moses,  ~^  even  all  that  the  Lord  hath 

commanded  you  by  the  hand  of  Moses,  from  the  day  that  the  Lord 

commanded  Moses,  and  henceforward  among  your  generations  ;  -■*  then 

s  Le.  4. 13.         it  shall  be,  "if  aught  be  committed  by  ignorance  twithout  the  knowledge 

^^^/  of  the  congregation,  that  all  the  congregation  shall  offer  one  young 

bullock  for  a  burnt  offering,  for  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord,  with  his 

1  Or,  ordinance,  meat  offbriug,  and  his  drink  offering,  according  to  the  tmanner,  and 
'Izra'if'n  ^'^'  '^"^  ^'^  ^^  ^'^®  goats  for  a  sin  offering.  ^'^  And  "the  priest  shall  make 
uLe.  4. 20.         an  atonement  for  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  it 

shall  be  forgiven  them  ;  for  it  is  ignorance.     And  they  shall  bring  their 
offering,  a  sacrifice  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord,  and  their  sin  offering 
before  the  Lord,  for  their  ignorance  ;  "''  and  it  shall  be  forgiven  all  the 
congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  the  stranger  that  sojourneth 
among  them  ;  seeing  all  the  people  were  in  ignorance. 
t)Le.4.  27,28.         27  a  j^j^^  "jf  j^^y  gQ^,|  gj,^  fiirough  ignoraucc,  then  he  shall  bring  a  she 
10  Le.  4.35.         goat  of  the  first  year  for  a  sin  offering.  ~^  And  '"the  priest  shall  make  an 
atonement  for  the  soul  that  sinneth  ignorantly,  when  he  sinneth  by  ig- 
norance before  the  Lord,  to  make  an  atonement  for  him  ;  and  it  shall 
•  Heb.doth.         be  forgiven  him.  ^^  Ye  shall  have  one  law  for  him  that  *sinneth  through 
ignorance,  both  for  him  that  is  born  among  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
'ig^is'He^'io'''    ^*^^  ^'^^  stranger  that  sojourneth  among  them. 

26!  I'pe.  2.  lo".  3""  But  ""thc  soul  that  doeth  aught  f presumptuously,  whether  he  be 
^highland."       t^orn  in  the  land,  or  a  stranger,  the  same  reproacheth  the  Lord  ;  and 


Part  VIII.]  REBELLION  OF  KORAH,  DATHAN,  AND  ABIRAM.  245 

that  soul  shall  be  cut  off  from  among  his  people.  ^^  Because  he  hath 
y^^s&^i2. 9.  Ft.  5'(jespised  the  word  of  the  Lord,  and  hath  broken  his  commandment, 
zLe^s.  1.  Ez.      that  soul  sliall  utterly  be  cut  oft';   "^his  iniquity  shall  be  upon  him." 

32  ^nd  while  the  children  of  Israel  were  in  the  wilderness,  "they  found 
a  man  that  gathered  sticks  upon  the  Sabbath  day.  ^^  And  they  that 
found  him  gathering  sticks  brought  him  unto  Moses  and  Aaron,  and  unto 
all  the  congregation.  ^^  And  they  put  him  in  ward,  because  it  was  not 
declared  what  should  be  done  to  him.  ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Mo- 
ses, "  The  'man  shall  be  surely  put  to  death  ;  all  the  congregation  shall 
"stone  him  with  stones  without  the  camp."  ^'^  And  all  the  congregation 
brought  him  without  the  camp,  and  stoned  him  with  stones,  and  he 
died;  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

3^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 
''iMat^' 5"        ^*'^"  ^^  Israel,  and  bid  ''them  that  they  make  them  fringes  in  the  bor- 
ders of  their  garments  throughout  their  generations,  and  that  they  put 
upon  the  fringe  of  the  borders  a  riband  of  blue.  ^^  And  it  shall  be  unto 
you  for  a  fringe,  that  ye  may  look  upon  it,  and  remember  all  the  com- 
^Fe%^u^lz^^'  iiiandments  of  the  Lord,  and  do  them  ;  and  that  ye  'seek  not  after  your 
6?'9. '    '     '      own  heart  and   your  own  eyes,  after  which  ye  use  -^to  go  a  whoring  ; 
/Ps.73.27.  Ja.     40  jj^g^^  yg  ,^g^y  remember,  and  do  all  my  commandments,  and  be  ^holy 
^Le.  11.44, 45.    uuto  your  God.  ■*'  I  am  the  Lord  your  God,  which  brought  you   out 


18.20. 

s  See  Ge.  2.  2. 


b  Ex.  31.  14,  1^. 

c  Le.  24.  14.  1  Ki. 

21.  13  Ac.  7.  58, 


Ro.  1 


of  the  land  of  Egypt,  to  be  your  God  :  I  am  the  Lord  your  God." 


Section  LVI. — Rehellion  of  Korah,  Dathan,  and  Abiram  ; — The  Israelites 

SECT.  LVI.  murmur — Events  in  consequence. 

A.  M.  ab.  2533.  NuM.  xvi.  and  xvii. 

B.  C.  ab.  1471.  The  rebellion  of  Korah,  Dathan.  and  Abiram.    23  Moses  separateth  the  people  from  the  rebels'  tents. 
Hales   1615.  31  Tlte  earth  swalloweth  up  Korah,  and  afire  consumeth  others.     36  Tlie  censers  are  leserved  to 

'         '  holy  use.     41  Fourteen  thousand  and  seven  Inmdred  are  slain  by  a  plague  for  murmuring  against 
Ritlimah.  jMoses  and  Aaron.     46  Aaron  by  incense  stayeth  the  plague.  —  Chap.  xvii.  1  Aaron's  rod  among 
all  tlie  rods  of  the  tribes  onlyflourisheth.     10  It  is  left  for  a  monument  against  the  rebels. 

a^Ex  6. 21.  Jude        1  ^^^^,  "Korah,  the  son  of  Izhar,  the  son  of  Kohath,  the  son  of  Levi, 
and  Dathan  and  Abiram,  the  sons  of  Eliab,and  On,  the  son  of  Peleth, 
sons  of  Reuben,  took  men.  ^  And  they  rose  up  before  Moses,  with  cer- 
tain of  the  children  of  Israel,  two  hundred  and  fifty  princes  of  the  as- 
cPs""u)6  ^16        sembly,  ''famous  in  the  congregation,  men  of  renown.  ^  And  'they  gath- 
ered  themselves  together  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron,  and  said 
*fm%n.  " """''  unto  them,  ''  *  Ye  take  too  much  upon  you,  seeing  '^all  the  congregation 
dEx.  19. 6.         are  holy,  every  one  of  them,  'and  the  Lord  is  among  them  ;  where- 
^u.'u.'^^'  ^"'  fore  then  lift  ye  up  yourselves  above  the  congregation  of  the  Lord?" 
/Nu.  14. 5.  &  4  ^pj(j  when  Moses  heard  it,  -^he  fell  upon  his  face  ;  ^  and  he  spake 

unto  Korah  and  unto  all  his  company,  saying,  "  Even  to-morrow  the 
gUe.  21.  6-8, 12,  Lqj^jj  ^yjn  show  who  are  his,  and  who  is  ^holy  ;  and  will  cause  him  to 
A  Ex.  28. 1.  Nu.  come  near  unto  him  ;  even  him  whom  he  hath  ''chosen  will  he  cause 
Ps.  mae. '  '  to  'come  near  unto  him.  ^  This  do  ;  take  your  censers,  Korah,  and  all 
'f^'i'Ez  ^!'  ^^^  company;  '''and  put  fire  therein,  and  put  incense  in  them  before 
4g;  the  Lord  to-morrow  ;  and  it  shall  be  that  the  man  whom  the   Lord 

doth   choose,  he   shall   be   holy — ye  take  too  much  upon  you,  ye  sons 
of  Levi."  ^  And  Moses  said  unto  Korah,  "  Hear,  I  pray  you,  ye  sons  of 
^]%}^-^-  ^'"  Levi !  ^Seemeth  it  but  ■'a  small  thing  unto  you,  that  the  God  of  Israel 
ftNu.  3. 41,45.     hath  ^separated  you  from  the  congregation  of  Israel,  to  bring  you  near 
lo.'^s.  '    ^'       to  himself  to  do  the  service  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  Lord,  and  to  stand 
before  the  congregation  to  minister  unto  them  ?  ^^  And  he  hath  brought 
thee  near  to  him,  and  all  thy  brethren  the  sons  of  Levi  with  thee ;  and 
seek  ye  the  priesthood  also  ?  ^^  For  which  cause  both  thou  and  all  thy 
'  E".- 16-  8-  1  ^°-  company  are  gathered  together  against  the  Lord  ;  'and  what  is  Aaron, 
that  ye  murmur  against  him  ?  " 

^'■^And  Moses  sent  to  call  Dathan  and  Abiram,  the   sons   of  Eliab  ; 
which  said,  "  We  will  not  come  up.   '■'  Is  it  a  small  thing  that  thou  hast 


246  REBELLION  OF  KORAH,  DATHAN,  AND  ABIRAM.     [Period  IIL 


;  Ex.  2.  14.  Ac. 
27,35. 


brought  us  up  out  of  a  land  that  floweth  with   milk  and  honey,  to  kill 
us  in  the  wilderness,  except  thou  "'make  thyself  altogether  a  prince  over 
Ex'-n  us  ?   ^■^  Moreover  thou  hast  not  brought  us  into  "a  land  that  floweth  with 

milk  and  honey,  or  given  us  inheritance  of  fields  and  vineyards.     Wilt 
t  iieb.  bm-e  out.    thou  tput  out  thc  cyes  of  these  men? — we  will  not  come  up."  ^^And 
oGe. 4.4,5.       Moscs  was  vcry  wroth,  and  said  unto  tjie   Lord,  "Respect  "not  thou 
P^Q^^fco'i't  their  offering ; ''I  have  not  taken  one  ass  from   them,  neither  have  I 
°"  '  '  hurt  one  of  them."   ^^  And  Moses  said  unto  Korah,  "  Be  thou  and  all 
9 1  sa.  12. 3, 7.     thy  compauy  'before  the  Lord,  thou,  and  they,  and  Aaron,  to-morrow  ; 
^''  and  take  every  man  his  censer,  and  put  incense  in  them,  and  bring 
ye  before  the  Lord  every  man  his  cen.ser,  two  hundred  and  fifty  cen- 
sers ;  thou  also,  and  Aaron,  each  of  you  his  censer." 

^•^And  they  took  every  man  his  censer,  and  put  fire  in  them,  and 
laid  incense  thereon,  and  stood  in  thc  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation  with  Moses  and  Aaron.  ^''  And  Korah  gathered  all  the 
congregation  against  them  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  con- 
r£x.  16. 7, 10.  gregation  ;  and '"the  glory  of  the  Lord  appeared  unto  all  the  con- 
gregation. 

-■'And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  and  unto  Aaron,  saying, 
4  See  Ge.  19.14,  21  «' geparatc  "yourselvcs  from  among  this  congregation,  that  I  may 
17,  -.  e..T .  .  ipQj^g^^j^g  ^j^gj^  jj^  ^  moment."  --  And  they  "fell  upon  their  faces,  and 
said,  "  O  God  !  "the  God  of  the  spirits  of  all  flesh,  shall  one  man  sin, 
B"'5."  "'  and  wilt  thou  be  wroth  with  all  the  congregation  ?  " 
"nu!  27!  16.  Job  ^^And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^4  ^  gp^^]^  ^^^0  the 
13.  io.  Ec.  'i^.  congregation,  saying,  Get  you  up  from  about  the  tabernacle  of  Korah, 
12.  i'.  He.  12. 9!  Dathan,  and  Abiram."  ~^  And  Moses  rose  up  and  went  unto  Dathan 
and  Abiram  ;  and  the  elders  of  Israel  followed  him.  ^^  And  he  spake 
unto  the  congregation,  saying,  "  Depart,  '"I  pray  you,  from  the  tents  of 
these  wicked  men,  and  touch  nothing  of  theirs,  lest  ye  be  consumed 
in  all  their  sins."  ^^  So  they  gat  up  from  the  tabernacle  of  Korah, 
Dathan,  and  Abiram,  on  every  side  ;  and  Dathan  and  Abiram  came 
out,  and  stood  in  the  door  of  their  tents,  and  their  wives,  and  their 
sons,  and  their  little  children.  ~^  And  Moses  said,  "  Hereby  ''ye  shall 
know  that  the  Lord  hath  sent  me  to  do  all  these  works  ;  for  I  have 
'"'aa^itf^ioh^i  s"'  "^^  *^^"*^  ^hem  '-'of  mine  own  mind.  ^''' If  these  men  die  tthe  common 
aoi&'e.  38.  ■  death  of  all  men,  or  if  they  be  ""visited  after  the  visitation  of  all  men; 
^mifdutk.'"''-'  then  the  Lord  hath  not  sent  me.  ^o  But  if  the  Lord  *make  "a  new 
2  Ex.  20. 5.  & 32.  thing,  and  the  earth  open  her  mouth,  and  swallow  them  up,  with  all 
is.io.Vje.  5.    that  appertain  unto  them,  and  they  ''go  down  quick  into  tiie  pit;  then 


Ac.  2.  40.  Re- 
18.  4. 
t  Ex.  32.  10, 


IB  See  Ge.  19.  12 
14.  Is.  52.  11. 
2  Co.  6.  17. 


r.  Ex.  3.  12.  I 
18.  22.  Ze. 
10.  Jolin  5.  ; 


Heb.  erca 


ye  shall  understand  that  these  men  have  provoked  the  Lord. 


rreature.  Is.  45.        31  ^„(j  '^^^  came  to  pass,  as  lic  had  uiadc  an  end  of  speaking  all  these 


a  job  31. 3.  Is.  words,  that  the  ground  clave  asunder  that  was  under  them,  ^a  And 
A~P8.^55  15  t'^^  ^^'■^'^  opened  her  mouth,  and  swallowed  them  up,  and  their  houses, 

cNu.25.  I'd.  &  ''and  all  the  men  that  appertained  unto  Korah,  and  all  their  goods. 
fl'm.V!'  "■  ^^  They,  and  all  that  appertained  to  them,  went  down  alive  into  the  pit, 
rf  See  ver.  17.  Nu.  and  the  earth  closed  upon  them;  and  they  perished  from  among  the 
22^ 37.'        ■  '■  congregation  !  ^"^  And  all  Israel  that  were  round  about  them  fled  at  the 

cry  of  them  ;  for  they  said,  "  Lest  the  earth  swallow  us  up  also  ! "  ^^  And 

there  'came  out  a  fire  from  the  Lord,  and  consumed  the  two  hundred 
'^-  and  fifty  men  that  offered  incense. 

^'^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^7 "  Speak  unto  Eleazar 

the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest,  that  he  take  up  the  censers  out  of  the 
/See  Le.  27.  28.  burning,  and  scatter  thou  the  fire  yonder  ;  ^for  they  are  hallowed.  ^^  The 
f  Pr.  20. 2.  Hab.   ccnscrs  of  thcsc  ^sinners  against  their  own  souls,  let  them  make  them 

broad  plates  for  a  covering  of  the  altar  ;  for  they  otfered  them  before 
kNu.  17. 10.  &  th(!  Lord,  therefore  they  arc  hallowed,  ''and  they  shall  be  a  sign  unto 
2b.  10.  Ez.  14.8.  ^^^  (-hildren  of  Israel.  ^'■'  And  Eleazar  the  priest  took  the  brazen  censers, 


e  Le.  in.  2.  N 

101), 


iNu.  3.  10.  2Ch. 


Part  VIII.]  IHE   BUDDING  OF   AARON'S  ROD.  247 

wherewith  they  that   were  burnt   had  offered  ;  and   they  were  made 

broad  plates  for  a  covering  of  the  altar,  ''^  to  be   a  memorial  unto  the 

children  of  Israel,  'that  no  stranger,  which  is  not  of  the  seed  of  Aaron, 

^^'  ^"'  come  near  to  offer  incense  before  the  Lord,  that  he  be  not  as  Korah, 

and  as  his  company  ;  as  the  Lord  said  to  him  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 
jNu.  14.2.PS.         "*!  But  on  the  morrow  ^all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel 
^^^''  ^'  murmured  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron,  saying,  "  Ye  have  killed 

the  people  of  the  Lord."  "^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  congrega- 
tion was  gathered  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron,  that  they  looked 
kEx.  40. 34.        toward  tiie  tabernacle   of  the   congregation;   and,  behold,  *the  cloud 
JNu.  20. 6.         covered  it,  and 'the  glory  of  the   Lord  appeared!  ''^  And  Moses  and 
Aaron  came  before  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation. 

44  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^'^ "  Get  you  up  from 
among  this  congregation,  that  I  may  consume  them  as  in  a  moment." 
And  they  fell  upon  their  faces. 

46  And  Moses  said  unto  Aaron,  "  Take  a  censer,  and  put  fire  therein 

from  off  the   altar,  and  put  on  incense,  and  go  quickly  unto  the  con- 

"i^53  ^^'8^9  "i^  gregation,  and  make  an  atonement  for  them  ;  '"for  there  is  wrath  gone 

ii.^33.'&^i8.5.*'  out  from  the  Lord — the  plague  is  begun  !  "  '^''  And  Aaron  took  as  Moses 

mS^!'  ^^'  ^''  commanded,  and  ran  into  the  midst  of  the  congregation  ;  and,  behold, 

the  plague  was  begun  among  the  people  !  and  he  put  on  incense,  and 

made  an  atonement  for  the  people.  ^^^  And  he  stood  between  the  dead 

and  the  living,  and  the  plague  was  stayed.  "9  Now  they  that  died  in  the 

plague  were  fourteen  thousand  and  seven  hundred,  besides  them  that 

died  about  the  matter   of  Korah.  ^^  And  Aaron  returned   unto  Moses 

unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  ;  and   the  plague 

was  stayed. 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Speak  unto  Num.  xvii. 
the  children  of  Israel,  and  take  of  every  one  of  them  a  rod 
according  to  the  house  of  their  fathers,  of  all  their  princes  according 
to  the  house  of  their  fathers,  twelve  rods  ;  write  thou  every  man's  name 
upon  his  rod.  ^  And  thou  shalt  write  Aaron's  name  upon  the  rod  of 
Levi ;  for  one  rod  shall  be  for  the  head  of  the  house  of  their  fathers. 
4  And  thou  shalt  lay  them  up  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  be- 
njx.25.p.&.^  fore  the  testimony,  "where  I  will  meet  with  you.  ^And  it  shall  come 
to  pass,  that  the  man's  rod,  "whom  I  shall  choose,  shall  blossom  ;  and 
I  will  make  to  cease  from  me  the  murmurings  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
J)  Nil.  16.  11.        ''whereby  they  murmur  against  you." 

6  And  Moses  spake  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  and  every  one  of  their 
t  Heb.  a  rodM    priuccs  gavo  him  ta  rod  apiece,  for  each  prince  one,  according  to  their 
forone'^ruce.'"^  fathcrs'  houscs,  cvcii  twclvc  rods ;  and  the  rod  of  Aaron  was  among 
5  Ex.3|^2K  Nu.  tj^g^j.  ,.Q(jg_  7  ^j^^j  Moscs  laid  up  thc  rods  before  the  Lord  in  'the  tab- 
ernacle of  witness. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  on  the  morrow  Moses  went  into  the 
tabernacle  of  witness  ;  and,  behold,  the  rod  of  Aaron  for  the  house 
of  Levi  was  budded,  and  brought  forth  buds,  and  bloomed  blossoms, 
and  yielded  almonds.  '^  And  Moses  brought  out  all  the  rods  from  be- 
fore the  Lord  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  they  looked,  and 
took  every  man  his  rod. 
r  He.  9. 4.  10  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Bring  ''Aaron's  rod  again  before 

X  Heb.  children  of  j-j^g  tcstimonv,  to  bc  kept  for  a  token  against  the  trebels  ;  and  thou  shalt 

rebellion.  N  u.  lb.  .^  '  ^  .  .      ^  ,  ,  , .  ^      n    A      J 

38.  quite  take  away  their  murmurings  from  me,  that  they  die  not.      And 

Moses  did  so  ;  as  the  Lord  commanded  him,  so   did  he.  ^^  And  the 

children   of  Israel  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  "  Behold,  we   die !  we 

s  Nu.  1. 51, 53.     perish  !  we  all  perish !  ^^  whosoever  'cometh  any  thing  near  unto  the 

^^  ■*'  ■         tabernacle  of  the  Lord  shall  die  :  shall  we  be  consumed  with  dying  ?" 


29.  42,  43.  &  30. 
36. 
0  Nu.  16.  5. 


248  LAWS  RELATING  TO  THE  PRIEST&  AND  LEVITES.      [Period  III 

SECT.  LVll.  Section  LVIL — Laws  relating  to  the  Priests  and  Levites. 

A.  .AiTaoaa.  Num.  xviii. 

B.  C.  1471.         Tlie  charge  of  the  priests  and  Lerites.     9  The  priests' portion.     21  The  LevUes' portion.     25  The 
Hales   ltil5.  heare  offering  to  the  priests  out  of  the  Lerites'  portion. 

Eithmah.  ^  And  the  LoRD  Said  unto  Aaron,   "  Thou   and  thy  sons   and   thy 

aEi  ^~38         father's  house  with  thee,  shall  "bear  the  iniquity  of  the  sanctuary  ;  and 

thou  and  thy  sons  with  thee  shall  bear  the  iniquity  of  your  priesthood. 

-  And  thy  brethren  also  of  the  tribe  of  Levi,  the  tribe  of  thy  father, 
6SeeGe.  29.34.  bring  thou  with  thee,  that  they  may  be  ''joined  unto  thee,  and  'minis- 
dNu. 3. 10.'  ^^^  ^^^^  thee;  but  ''thou  and  thy  sons  with  thee  shall  minister  before 
« Nil.  3. 25, 31,  the  tabernacle  of  witness.  ^And  they  shall  keep  thy  charge,  and  'the 
/Nu.  16. 40.  charge  of  all  the  tabernacle  ;  ^only  they  shall  not  come  nigh  the  vessels 
^Nu.  4. 15.         of  the  sanctuary  and  the  altar,  ^that  neither  they,  nor  ye  also,  die. 

■*  And  they  shall  be  joined  unto  thee,  and  keep  the  charge  of  the  tab- 
ANu.  3. 10.  ernacle  of  the  congregation,  for  all  the  service  of  the  tabernacle  ;  ''and 
iEx  27.21. &  30.  a  stranger  shall  not  come  nigh  unto  you.  ^And  ye  shall  keep  *the 
e!  2. '  ■  ■ '  "■  charge  of  the  sanctuary,  and  the  charge  of  the  altar ;  ■'that  there  be  no 
jNu.  ic.  46.  wrath  any  more  upon  the  children  of  Israel.  ^  And  I,  behold,  I  have 
tNu. 3. 12, 45.  *taken  your  brethren  the  Levites  from  among  the  children  of  Israel; 
JNu.3. 9.  &.8.     'to  you  they  are  given  as  a  gift  for  the  Lord,  to  do  the  service  of  the 

tabernacle  of  the   congregation.  "  Therefore  thou  and  thy  sons   with 

thee  shall  keep  your  priest's  office  for  every  thing  of  the  altar,  and 
m  He.  9. 3, 6.       "'witliiu  the  vcil ;  and  ye  shall  serve.     I  have  given  your  priest's, office 

unto  you  as  a  service  of  gift ;  and  the  stranger  that  cometh  nigh  shall 

be  put  to  death." 
*26.\V6',3l         ^  -'^"d  the  Lord  spake  unto  Aaron,  "  Behold,  "I  also  have  given  thee 
Nu.  5. 9.  the  charge  of  my  heave  offerings   of  all  the   hallowed  things   of  the 

"^'^13^15^'  ^     children  of  Israel ;  unto  thee  have  I  given  them  "by   reason  of  the 

anointing,  and  to  thy  sons,  by  an   ordinance  for  ever.  ^  This  shall  be 

thine  of  the  most  holy  things,  reserved  from  the  fire ;  every  oblation 
pLe.2. 2,  3.  of  thcirs,  cvcry  ''meat  offering  of  theirs,  and  every  'sin  offering  of 
lil'.t'.L'^j'.y  theirs,  and  every  '^trespass  oflTering  of  theirs,  which  they  shall  render 
s  Le.  6. 16, 18,     uuto  me,  shall  be  most  holy  for  thee  and  for  tliy  sons.  ^^  In  'the  most 

holy  place  shalt  thou  eat  it ;  every  male  shall  eat  it;  it  shall  be  holy 
t  Ex.  29. 27, 28.    unto  thce.  11  And  this  is  thine  ;  'the  heave  offering  of  their  gift,  with  all 

the  wave  offerings  of  the  children  of  Israel:  I  have  given  them  unto 
'^18% ^°'  ^^'  ^^"  "thee,  and  to  thy  sons  and  to  thy  daughters  with  thee,  by  a  statute  for 
cLe.^.2,3,11-  ever;  "every  one  that  is  clean  in  thy  house  shall  eat  of  it.  ^-Ali  "the 
^G  4  3  E  *best  of  the  oil,  and  all  the  best  of  the  wine,  and  of  the  wheat,  ''the 
23*  19.'  "  ■  firstfruits  of  them  which  they  shall  offer  unto  the  Lord,  them  have  I 
*2'j.''''""^"'' ''"'  given  thee.  ^^  And  whatsoever  is  first  ripe  in  the  land,  ^which  they  shall 
I  Ex.  23.29.  bring  unto  the  Lord,  shall  be  thine  ;  every  one  that  is  clean  in  thy 
'34.'2r?Le^2^i4.  ho^se  shall  eat  of  it,  i"*  Every  'thing  devoted  in  Israel  shall  be  thine, 
ue.  26. 2.  15  Evcry   thing   that  openeth  "the    matrix   in    all    flesh,   which     they 

osIeEx.  13  o  bring  unto  the  Lord,  whether  it  be  of  men  or  beasts,  shall  be  thine  ; 
iEx.  13. 13.  &  nevertheless  'the  firstborn  of  man  shalt  thou  surely  redeem,  and  the 
^■'■^°'  firstling  of  unclean  beasts  shalt  thou  redeem.  ^^  And  those  that  are  to 

cLe._27.2,6.Nu.  bc  redeemed  from  a  month  old  shalt  thou  redeem,  ^according  to  thine 

estimation,  for  the  money  of  five  shekels,  after  the  shekel  of  the  sanc- 
<fEx. 30. 13.  tuary,  ''which  is  twenty  gerahs.  ''But  'the  firstling  of  a  cow,  or  the 
'isfig!  ^'  °^'  firstling  of  a  sheep,  or  the  firstling  of  a  goat,  thou  shalt  not  redeem  ; 
/Le.3.2,5.        they  are  holy  :  -^thou  shalt  sprinkle  tlieir  blood  upon  the  altar,  and  shalt 

burn  their  fat  for  an  offering  made  by  fire,  for  a  sweet  savour  unto  the 
«•  Ex.  SM.  26,  28.  Lord.  '^  And  the  flesh  of  them  shall  be  thine,  as  the^wave  breast  and 
34.'  '    '    '      as  the  right  shoulder  are  thine.  ^'-^  All  the  heave  offerings   of  the  holy 

things,  which  the  children  of  Israel  offer  unto  the  Lord,  have  I  given 

thee,  and  thy  sons  and  thy  daughters  with  thee,  by  a  statute  for  ever; 


i 


x\u.  3.  ■ 


Part  VIII.]  THE  WATER  OF  SEPARATION— ITS  USE.  249 

h  Le.  2. 13.  ^it  is  a  covenant  of  salt  for  ever  before  the  Lord  unto  thee  and  to  thy 
seed  with  thee." 

^"  And  the  Lord  spake   unto  Aaron,  "  Thou  shalt  have  no  inherit- 
^?n^-}P-^:  -l?'-    ance  in  their  land,  neither  shalt  thou  have  any  part  amons;  them  ;  'I 

13.14,33.  Ps.  ,/..,.  ,  /. /,  ^  -,      ='   ,     oi    *        . 

iG.  5.  Ez.44.28.  am  thy  part  and  thine  inheritance  among  the  children  oi  Israel.  -^  And, 
■^Ne"  lo' 37'^He  "'behold!  I  have  given  the  children  of  Levi  all  the  tenth  in  Israel   for 

7.5,8,9.  an  inheritance,  for  their  service  which  they  serve,  even  *the  service  of 

fi?"fJ,'^'        the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  ^^  Neither  'must   the   children   of 

I  Nu.  1.  51.  .s      o 

i.iLc.  ea.  9.         Israel  henceforth  come  nigh  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  '"lest 

t  H«h.^<a  (/«■.  they  bear  sin,  land  die.  '^^  But  "the  Levites  shall  do  the  service  of  the 
tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  they  shall  bear  their  iniquity  ;  it 
shall  be  a  statute  for  ever  throughout  your  generations,  that  among  the 
children  of  Israel  they  have  no  inheritance.  ~^  But  the  tithes  of  the 
children  of  Israel,  which  they  offer  as  a  heave  offering  unto  the  Lord, 
I  have  given  to  the  Levites  to  inherit ;  therefore  I  have  said  unto  them, 

"^^'^'l^'^'m  T'  'Aw^oiig  "the   children  of  Israel  they  shall  have  no  inheritance.' " 

^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Thus  speak  unto  the 
Levites,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  take  of  the  children  of  Israel  the 
tithes  which  I  have  given  you  from  them  for  your  inheritance,  then  ye 

pNe.  10. 38.  shall  offer  up  a  heave  offering  of  it  for  the  Lord,  even  ^a  tenth  part 
of  the  tithe.  ^^  And  this  your  heave  offering  shall  be  reckoned  unto 
you,  as  though  it  were  the  corn  of  the  threshingffoor,  and  as  the  ful- 
ness of  the  winepress.  ^^  Thus  ye  also  shall  offer  a  heave  offering  unto 
the  Lord  of  all  your  tithes,  which  ye  receive  of  the  children  of  Israel ; 
and  ye  shall  give  thereof  the  Lord's  heave  offering  to  Aaron  the  priest. 
^^  Out  of  all  your  gifts  ye  shall  offer  every  heave  offering  of  the  Lord, 

t  Heb./af,  ver.  of  all  tlic  Ibcst  thcrcof,  oveu  the  hallowed  part  thereof  out  of  it. 
^^  Therefore  thou  shalt  say  unto  them.  When  ye  have  heaved  the  best 
thereof  from  it,  then  it  shall  be  counted  unto  the  Levites  as  the  in- 
crease of  the  threshingffoor,  and  as  the  increase  of  the  winepress, 
^^  And  ye  shall  eat  it  in  every  place,  ye  and  your  households  ;  for  it  is 

9  Mat.  lo.^w.       *your  rewaid  for  your  service  in  the   tabernacle   of  the  congregation. 

1  Ti.'.5.'  18.        3-  ^j^j^i  yg  shall  "bear  no  sin  by  reason  of  it,  when  ye  have  heaved  from 

r  Le.  19. 8.         j^  f he  bcst  of  it ;  neither  shall  ye  'pollute  the  holy  things  of  the  chil- 

*   *^"  ■   '    ■     dren  of  Israel,  lest  ye  die." 


SECT.  LVlii.    Section  LVIII. —  The  Water  of  Separation  ; — The  Law  for  the  Use  of  it  in 

Purifieation  of  the  Unclean. 

A.  M.   2>!3.  -^  ^ 

B.  c.  1-171.  Num.  xix. 

Hales,  1615.         1  ^^^^^  ^he  LoRD  spakc  uuto  Moscs  and  unto  Aaron,  saying,  ^"  This 

Riihm  ii.       |g  ^j^^  ordinance  of  the  law  which  the  Lord  hath  commanded,  saying, 

Speak  unto  the  children   of  Israel,  that   they  bring  thee  a  red  heifer 

a  De.  21. 3. 1  Sa.  without  spot,  whcrcin  is  no  blemish,  "and  upon  which  never  came  yoke. 

=5  And  ye  shall  give  her  unto  Eleazar  the  priest,  that  he  may  bring  her 

^hIk/h"''      ''^oxih  without  the  camp,  and  one  shall  slay  her  before  his  face.  ''  And 

cLe.  4. 6.  He.  9.  Elcazar  the  priest  shall  take  of  her  blood  with  his  finger,  and  ''sprinkle 

^^'  of  her  blood  directly  before  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  seven 

times.  ^  And  one  shall  burn  the  heifer  in  his  sight ;  ''her  skin,  and  her 

flesh,  and  her  blood,  with  her  dung,  shall  he  burn  ;  ^  and  the  priest  shall 

take  ^cedar  wood,  and  hyssop,  and  scarlet,  and  cast  it  into  the  midst 

/Le.  11.25.         of  the  burning  of  the  heifer.  '^Then  ■'"the  priest  shall  wash  his  clothes, 

and  he  shall  bathe  his  flesh  in  water,  and  afterward  he  shall  come  into 

the  camp,  and    the   priest  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  ^  And   he 

that  burneth  her  shall  wash  his  clothes  in  water,  and  bathe  his  flesh  in 

water,  and  shall  be  unclean  until  the  even.  "And  a  man  that  is  clean 

shall  gatlier  up  the  ashes  of  the  heifer,  and  lay  them  up  without  the 

camp  in  a  clean  place,  and  it  sliall  be  kept  for  the  congregation  of  the 

VOL.  I.  32 


c  Le.  11.  4,  6,  49. 


250 


THE  WANDERING  IN  THE  WILDERNESS  ;     [Pkriod  III. 


g  Na.  31.  23. 


h  Le.  21.  1.  Nu. 

5.  2.  La.  4.  14. 

Hag.  2.  13. 
*  Heb.  soul  of 

i  Nu.  31.  19. 


j  Le.  15.  31. 
k  Xu.  8.  7. 
Z  Le.  7.  20. 


TO  Le.  11.  K.  Xu. 
31.  20. 


f  Ilel).  dost.  ver. 

9. 
J  Ueb.  living 

waters  sliall  be 

given.  Ge.  26. 

19. 
n  Ps.  51.  7. 


p  [lag.  2.  13. 
q  Le.  15.  5. 


SECT.  LIX. 

A.   M.  2515  to 

2.>53. 
B.   C.  1489  to 

1451. 
Hales,    164.'5  fo 

1608. 
The  Wililorness. 


a  1  Mac.  5.  4, 
Bean  -•  see  Ge. 
36.  27.  De.  10.6, 
7.  J  Ch.  1.  42. 


6  De.  2.  8.  1  Ki. 
9.  26.  &,  22.  48. 


children  of  Israel  ^for  a  water  of  separation  ;  it  is  a  purification  for 
sin.  1"  And  he  that  gathereth  the  ashes  of  the  heifer  shall  wash  his 
clothes,  and  be  unclean  until  the  even  ;  and  it  shall  be  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  and  unto  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  among  them,  for 
a  statute  for  ever. 

11  "  He  "that  toucheth  the  dead  body  of  any  *man  shall  be  unclean 
seven  days.  ^~  He  'shall  purify  himself  with  it  on  the  third  day,  and 
on  the  seventh  day  he  shall  be  clean  ;  but  if  he  purify  not  himself  the 
third  day,  then  the  seventh  day  he  shall  not  be  clean.  ^^  Whosoever 
toucheth  the  dead  body  of  any  man  that  is  dead,  and  purifieth  not 
himself,  Mefileth  the  tabernacle  of  the  Lord,  and  that  soul  shall  be 
cut  oti'  from  Israel ;  because  Hhe  water  of  separation  v.as  not  sprinkled 
upon  hun,  he  shall  be  unclean  ;  'his  uncleanness  is  yet  upon  him.  ^^  This 
is  the  law,  when  a  man  dieth  in  a  tent ;  all  that  come  into  the  tent, 
and  all  that  is  in  the  tent,  shall  be  unclean  seven  days.  ^^  And  every 
"open  vessel,  which  hath  no  covering  bound  upon  it,  is  unclean,  i"^' And 
whosoever  toucheth  one  that  is  slain  with  a  sword  in  the  open  fields,  or  a 
dead  body,  or  a  bone  of  a  man,  or  a  grave,  shall  be  unclean  seven  days. 

1" "  And  for  an  unclean  person  they  shall  take  of  the  rashes  of  the 
burnt  heifer  of  purification  for  sin,  and  Irunning  water  shall  be  put 
thereto  in  a  vessel.  ^'^  And  a  clean  person  shall  take  "hyssop,  and  dip 
it  in  the  water,  and  sprinkle  it  upon  the  tent,  and  upon  all  the  vessels, 
and  upon  the  persons  that  were  there,  and  upon  him  that  touched  a 
bone,  or  one  slain,  or  one  dead,  or  a  grave.  ^^  And  the  clean  person 
shall  sprinkle  upon  the  unclean  on  the  third  day,  and  on  the  seventh 
day  ;  "and  on  the  seventh  day  he  shall  purify  himself,  and  wash  his 
clothes,  and  bathe  himself  in  water,  and  shall  be  clean  at  even.  2"  But 
the  man  that  shall  be  unclean,  and  shall  not  purify  himself,  that  soul 
shall  be  cut  oft'  from  among  the  congregation,  because  he  hath  defiled 
the  sanctuary  of  the  Lord  ;  the  water  of  separation  hath  not  been 
sprinkled  upon  him,  he  is  unclean.  -^  And  it  shall  be  a  perpetual  statute 
unto  them,  that  he  that  sprinkleth  the  water  of  separation  shall  wash  his 
clothes  ;  and  he  that  toucheth  the  water  of  separation  shall  be  unclean 
until  even.  —And  ^'whatsoever  the  unclean  person  toucheth  shall  be 
unclean  ;  and  'the  soul  that  toucheth  it  shall  be  unclean  until  even. 

Section  LIX. Seventeen  Journeys — the  Fifteenth  to  the  Tliirty-Jirsf. 

Num.  .xxxiii.  19-35. 
i^AiVD  they  departed  from  Rithmah,  and  pitched  at  Rimmon-parez. 
-'^  And  they  departed  from  Rimmon-parez,  and  pitched  in  Libnah. 
-1  And  they  removed  from  Libnah,  and  pitched  at  Rissah. 
2-  And  they  journeyed  from  Rissah,  and  pitched  in  Kehelathah. 
23  And  they  went  from  Kehelathah,  and  pitched  in  Mount  Shapher. 
^■*  And  they  removed  from  Mount  Shapher,  and  encamped  in  Haradah. 
-^  And  they  removed  from  Haradah,  and  pitched  in  MakhelotJi. 
26  And  they  removed  from  Makheloth,  and  encamped  at  Tahath. 
2'' And  they  departed  from  Tahath,  and  pitched  at  Tarah. 
~^And  they  removed  from  Tarah,  and  pitched  in  Mithcah. 
29  And  they  went  from  Mithcah,  and  pitched  in  Ilashmonah. 
3*^  And  they  departed  from  Ilashmonah,  and  encamped  at  Moseroth. 
31  And  they  departed  from  Moseroth,  and  pitched  in  Bene-jaakan. 
3- And   they  removed  from  "Bene-jaakan,  and  encamped   at  Hor- 
hagidgad. 

33  And  they  went  from  Ilor-hagidgad,  and  pitched  in  Jotbathah. 
3^  And  they  removed  from  Jotbathah,  and  encamped  at  Ebronah. 
35  And  they  departed  from  Ebronah,  'and  encamped  at  Ezion-gaber. 


Part  VIII.]  FROM  RITHMAH  TO  KADESH-BARNEA.  25l 

SECT.    LX.     Section    LX. The    Thirty-second    Journey — From   Ezion-gaber    to    the 

—  Wilderness  of  Zin,  or   Kadcsh-harnea,  the  second  time,  after   thirty-eight 

\  c  ]^^~  y<^(^^^'  wandering  ; — Death  of  Miriam  ; — The  People  murmur  for  Water. 

Hales,  1608.  NuM.  XX.  1-13,  a7ld  xxxiii.  36. 

Ka:iesh-bariiea.        1  Then  Came  the   children  of  Israel,  even  the  wiiole  congregation, 
into  the  desert  of  Zin  in  the  first  month.     And  the   people  abode  in 
a  Ex.  15. 00.        Kadesh ;  and  "Miriam  died  there,  and  was  buried  there. 

*  E>;- 1"- 1-  '-  And  'there  was  no  water  for  the  congregation  ;  "and  they  gathered 
c  Nu.  lo.  19, 42.    tj^gj^ggivgg  together  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron.  ^  And  the  people 

chode  with  Moses,  and  spake,  saying,  "  Would  God  that  we  had  died 

dNu.  IK  1, 33.     ''when  our  brethren  died  before  the  Lord  !  "*  And  Svhy  have  ye  brought 

%,  35, 49.'     '    up  the  congregation  of  the  Lord  into  this  wilderness,  that  we  and  our 

e  Ex.  17.  3.         cattle  should  die  there  ?  ^  And  wherefore  have  ye  made  us  to  come  up 

out  of  Egypt,  to  bring  us   in  unto  this  evil   place  ?  it  is   no  place   of 

seed,  or  of  figs,  or  of  vines,  or  of  pomegranates ;  neither  is  there  any 

water  to  drink."  "^And  Moses  and  Aaron  went  from  the  presence  of  the 

/Nu.  14. 5.         assembly  unto  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  ^they 

g-Nu.  14. 10.        fgU  upon  tj^eij.  faces  ;  and  "'the  Glory  of  the  Lord  appeared  unto  them. 

AEx.  4. 20.  &  ^And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^"Take  ''the  rod,  and 

gather  thou  the  assembly  together,  thou   and  Aaron   thy  brother,  and 

speak  ye  unto  the  rock  before  their  eyes ;  and  it  shall  give  forth  his 

sNe.  9.15.  P9.T8.  watcr,  and  'thou  shalt  bring  forth  to  them  water  out  of  the  rock:  so 

io,i6.  Is.  43.      ^j^^^  shalt  give  the  congregation  and  their  beasts  drink."  ^And  Moses 

took  the  rod  from  before  the  Lord,  as  he  commanded  him.  ^°And 

Moses  and  Aaron  gathered  the  congregation  together  before  the  rock, 

jPs.  106. 33.       and  he  said   unto  them,  "Hear  ^ now,  ye  rebels!  must  we   fetch  you 

water  out  of  this  rock  ? "  ^^  And  Moses  lifted  up  his  hand,  and  with  his 

A  Ex.  17. 6. 1  Co.  rod  he  smote  the  rock  twice:  and  ^the  water   came  out  abundantly, 

and  the  congregation  drank,  and  their  beasts  also. 

^■^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto   Moses  and  Aaron,  "Because  'ye  be- 
lieved me  not,  to  "'sanctify  me  in  the  eyes  of  the  children   of  Israel, 
'f."  o,  „  „      therefore  ye  shall  not  bring  this  congregation  into  the  land  which  I  have 

n  De.  33.  8.  Ps.  •^  O  O       o 

95.8.  "  '    '     given  them."   ^^  This  "is  the  water  of  *Meribah  ;  because  the  children 
*see  Ex!'!???.''    o^  Isracl  strovc  with  the  Lord,  and  he  was  sanctified  in  them. 

Num.  xxxiii.  36.     And  they  removed  from  Ezion-gaber,  and  pitched  in  the  wilderness 
of  Zin,  which  is  Kadesh. 

SECT.  LXI.     Sect.  LXI. The  King  of  Edom  refuses   to  per?nit   the    People   to  pass 

through  his   Territory; — Defeat  of  Arad  the  CanaaniteS'^^^ 
B.  C.  1452.  Num.  xx.  14-21,  xxi.  1-3,  and  xxxiii.  40. 

Hales,  1608.  14  ^^^  "Moscs  scfit  messcngers  from  Kadesh  unto  the  king  of  Edom, 
Thus  ''saith  thy  brother  Israel,  Thou  knowest  all  the  travel  that  hath 
befallen  us  ;  ^^  how  "our  fathers  went  down  into  Egypt,  "^and  we  have 

*  De.^2. 4,  jfcc.      dwelt  in  Egypt  a  long  time  :   "and  the  Egyptians  vexed  us,  and   our 
fathers.   ^^  And  ^when  we  cried   unto   the  Lord,  he  heard  our  voice, 

Rp  ifi  fi  and  ^sent  an  angel,  and  hath  brought   us  forth  out  of  Egypt;  and, 

behold,  we  are  in  Kadesh,  a  city  in  the  uttermost  of  thy  border.  ^^  Let 


I  Nu.  27.  14. 
m  Le.  10.  3.  Ez. 
20.  41.  1  Pe.  3. 


A.  M.  2552. 

B.  C.  1452. 

Hales,  1608. 

ICarlesh-barnea, 

aJu.  11.  16,  17, 
6  De.  2.  4,  &:c. 
Obad.  10,  12. 
Heb.  found  ils. 


c  Ge.  46.  6. 
d  Ex.  12.  40, 


eEx.  1.  n,&c.     ''US  pass,  I  pray  thee,  through  thy  country;  we  will  not  pass  through 
"^  Ex^3^^\sci3    ^^^  fields,  or  through  the  vineyards,  neither  will  we  drink  of  the  water 
21.  of  the  wells  ;  we  will  go  by  the  king's  highway,  we  will  not  turn  to  the 

A  See  Nu.  21.  22.  ^jg|-j|-  jj^nd  nor  to  the  left,  until  we  have  passed  thy  borders." 

(27^   This  conquest  of  Arad    is   supposed  to  be  Though  Arad  was  unsuccessful  in  his  present  at- 

spoken  of  prophetically  ;  its  final  subjugation  being  tack,  the  people   of  Arad  were  not  finally  subdued 

completed  by  Joshua  (Joshua  xii.  14.)     Arad  is  sit-  till  the  days  of  Joshua  ;  and  I  have  therefore  insert- 

uated  on  the  very  border  of  Canaan ;  it  is  not  im-  ed  this  narrative  after  Edom  refuses  to  permit  the 

probable,  therefore,  that  the  king  began  the   war  Israelites  to  pass  through  his  territory,  and  imme- 

against  the   Israelites,  not  only  when  they   v/ere  diately  before  the  removal  from  Kadesh-barnea. — 

comparatively  unused  to  war,  but  at  the  very  time  Vide  Horsley's  Bib.  Crit.  vol.  i.  p.  174. 
when  they  were  repulsed  by  the  king  of  Edom. 


252 


FIERY  SERPENTS  SENT. 


[Period  III. 


j  See  De.  2. 


iSee  Ju.  1. 
I  Xu.  13.  21. 


m  Ge.  28.  20. 

11.  30. 
n  Le.  27.  28. 


^^  And  Edom  said  unto  him,  "  Thou  shall  not  pass  by  me,  lest  I 
come  out  against  thee  with  the  sword."  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel 
said  unto  him,  "  We  will  go  by  the  higliway  ;  and  if  I  and  my  cattle 
drink  of  thy  water,  then  I  will  pay  for  it.  I  will  only,  without  doing 
any  thing  else,  go  through  on  my  feet."  ~"  And  he  said,  "  Thou  'shall 
not  go  through."    And   Edom  came  out  against  him  with  much  people, 

!7,    and  with  a  strong  hand.  ~^  Thus  Edom  ^refused  to  give  Israel  passage 
through  his  border  ;  wherefore  Israel  turned  away  from  him. 

^-  ^  And  when  *king  Arad  the  Canaanite,  which  dwelt  in  the  Num.  xxi.  1-3. 
south,  heard  tell  that  Israel  came  'by  the  way  of  the  spies  ; 
then  he  fought  against  Israel,  and  took  some  of  them  prisoners.  ^  And 
'"Israel  vowed  a  vow  unto  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  If  thou  will  indeed 
deliver  this  people  into  my  hand,  then  "I  will  utterly  destroy  their 
cities."  ^  And  the  Lord  hearkened  to  the  voice  of  Israel,  and  delivered 
up  the  Canaanites ;  and  they  utterly  destroyed  them  and  their  cities. 

^     And  He  called  the  name  of  the  place  tHormah. 

Num.  xxxiii.  40.  And  king  Arad  the  Canaanite,  which  dwelt  in  the  south  in  the  land 
of  Canaan,  heard  of  the  coming  of  the  children  of  Israel. 


sECT.LXii.     Sect.  LXII 


A.  M.  2552. 

B.  C.  1452. 
Hales,  1608. 

Mount  Hor. 


a  Ge.  25.  8.  Nu. 
27.  13. 


*  Heb.  mouth, 
b  De.  32.  50. 


SECT.  LXIir. 


The   Thirty-third  Journey — From  Kadesh-harnea  to  Mount 
Hor; — Death  of  Aaron. 
Num.  XX.  22-29,  and.  xxxiii.  37-39. 

--  And  the  children  of  Israel,  even  the  whole  congregation,  journeyed 
from  Kadesh,  and  came  unto  Mount  Hor.  ^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto 
Moses  and  Aaron  in  Mount  Hor,  by  the  coast  of  the  land  of  Edom, 
saying,  ^"^ "  Aaron  "shall  be  gathered  unto  his  people  ;  for  he  shall  not 
enter  into  the  land  which  I  have  given  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  be- 
cause ye  rebelled  against  my  *word  at  the  water  of  Meribah,  -^Take 
''Aaron  and  Eleazar  his  son,  and  bring  them  up  unto  Mount  Hor  ;  '^^  and 
strip  Aaron  of  his  garments,  and  put  them  upon  Eleazar  his  son  ;  and 
Aaron  shall  be  gathered  unto  his  people,  and  shall  die  there."  ^~  And 
Moses  did  as  tiie  Lord  commanded  ;  and  they  went  up  into  Mount 
Hor  in  the  sight  of  all  the  congregation.  ^'^  And  "Moses  stripped  Aaron 
of  his  garments,  and  put  them  upon  Eleazar  his  son  ;  and  ''Aaron  died 
there  in  the  top  of  the  mount ;  and  Moses  and  Eleazar  came  down 
from  the  mount. 

^^  And  Aaron  the  priest  went  up  into  Mount  Hor  at  the  ^^'^  ^^^^' 
commandment  of  the  Lord,  and  died  there,  in  the  fortieth  ' 

year  after  the  children  of  Israel  were  come  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  in 
the  first  day  of  the  fifth  month.  ^^  And  Aaron  was  an  hundred  and  twenty 
and  three  years  old  when  he  died  in  Mount  Hor. 

2^  And  when  all  the  congregation  saw  that  Aaron  was  N^'*'-  ^^  '^^■ 
dead,  they  mourned  for  Aaron  'thirty  days,  even  all  the  house  of  Israel. 

Num.  xxxiii.  37.  And  they  removed  from  Kadesli,  and  pitched  in  Mount  Hor,  in  the 
edge  of  the  land  of  Edom. 


A.  M.  2552. 

B.  C.  1452. 
Hales,  1C08. 

Zaimonah. 

aJu.  11.  18. 
*  Or,  grieved. 

Heb.  shortened. 

Ex.  G.  9. 
b  Ps.  78.  19. 
c  Ex.  16.  3. 
dNu.  11.6. 
c  Ge.  3.  14,  15. 

De.  8.  15. 

Wis.  16.  1,5. 

1  Co.  10.  9. 


Sect.  LXIII. The  Thirty-fourth  Journey — From  Mount  Hor  to 

Zaimonah  ; — Fiery  Serpents  sent. 
Num.  xxi.  4-9,  and  xxxiii.  41. 

"*  And  they  journeyed  from  Mount  Hor  by  the  way  of  the  Red  Sea, 
"to  compass  the  land  of  Edom ;  and  the  soul  of  the  people  was  much 
*discouraged  because  of  the  way.  •''  And  the  people  'spake  against  God, 
and  against  Moses,  "  Wherefore  'have  ye  brought  us  up  out  of  Egypt 
to  die  in  the  wilderness  ?  for  there  is  no  bread,  neither  is  there  any 
water,  and  ''our  soul  loatheth  this  light  bread."  "^  And  'the  Lord  sent 
fiery  serpents  among  the  people,  and  they  bit  the  people ;  and  much 
people  of  Israel  died. 


Part  VIII.] 


DEFEAT   OF   SIHON   AND   OG. 


253 


/P3.  78.  34. 


ft2Ki.  18.  4.  Jo. 
3.  14,  15. 


SECT.    LXIV. 

A.  M.  2552. 
B.  C.  1452. 
Hales,  1608. 

Zalmonah  to 
Ije-abarini. 


SECT.    LXV. 

A    M.   2553. 

B.  C.  1451. 

Hales,  16U7. 

lira  to  Dibon-gad. 

a  Be.  2.  13. 


b  Nu.  22.  30.  Ju 
11.  18. 


*  Or,  Vaheb  : 
Saphak. 


t  Hob.  leanet.h. 
De.  2.  18,  29. 
c  Ju.  9.  21. 


d  Ex.  15.  1. 
X  Heb.  Ascend. 
*  Or,  answer. 


/De.2.  2fi,  27 
Ju.  11.  19. 


g  De.  29.  7. 


h  De.  2.  32.  Ju. 

11.  20. 
t  De.  2.  33.  &  29. 

7.  Jos.  12.  1,  2. 

&  24.  8.  Ps.  135. 

10,  11.  Am.  2.  9. 


j  Heb.  daughters. 


'  Therefore  -^the  people  came  to  Moses,  and  said,  "  We  have  sinned, 
for  we  have  spoken  against  the  Lord,  and  against  thee  ;  ^pray  unto  the 
Lord,  that  he  take  away  the  serpents  from  us."  And  Moses  prayed 
for  the  people.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Make  thee  a  fiery 
serpent,  and  set  it  upon  a  pole  ;  and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  every 
one  that  is  bitten,  when  he  looketh  upon  it,  shall  live."  ''And  ''Moses 
made  a  serpent  of  brass,  and  put  it  upon  a  pole,  and  it  came  to  pass, 
that  if  a  serpent  had  bitten  any  man,  when  he  beheld  the  serpent  of 
brass,  he  lived. 

Num.  xxxiii.  41.     And  they  departed  from  Mount  Hor,  and  pitched  in  Zalmonah. 

Section  LXIV. —  The  Thirty-fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  Journeys. 
Num.  xxxiii.  42-44,  and  xxi.  10,  11. 

''^  And  they  departed  from  Zalmonah,  and  pitched  in  Punon. 
**^And  they  departed  from  Punon,  and  pitched  in  Oboth. 
^^  And  they  journeyed   from  Oboth,  and  pitched  at  *Ije-abarim,  in 
the  wilderness  which  is  before  Moab,  toward  the  sunrising. 

Num.  xxi.  10.     And  the  children  of  Israel  set  forward,  and  pitched  in  Oboth. 
Num.  xxxiii.  44.     And  they  departed  from  Oboth,  and  pitched  in  Ije-abarim,  in  the  bor- 
der of  Moab. 

Section  LXV. The  Thirty-eighth  Journey — Fi-om  Ije-abarim,  or  lim,  to 

Dihon-gacl; — Defeat  of  Sihon  Icing  of  the  Amorites,  and  of  Og  king  of 
Bashan. 

Num.  xxxiii.  45,  and  xxi.  12,  to  part  of  18,  and  21,  to  the  end. 

•*^  And  they  departed  from  lim,  and  pitched  in  Dibon-gad. 
^-  From  "thence  they  removed,  and  pitched  in  the  valley  of  Zared. 
1^  From  thence  they  removed,  and  pitched  on  the  other  side  of  Arnon, 
which  is  in  the  wilderness  that  conVeth  out  of  the  coasts  of  the  Amorites, 
for  ''Arnon  is  the  border  of  Moab,  between  Moab  and  the  Amorites. 
1^  Wherefore  it  is  said  in  The  Book  of  the  Wars  of  the  Lord, — 
"*What  he  did  in  the  Red  Sea, 

And  in  the  brooks  of  Arnon, 
'^  And  at  the  stream  of  the  brooks 

That  goeth  down  to  the  dwelling  of  Ar, 
And  flieth  upon  the  border  of  Moab." 
^^  And  from  thence  they  went  'to  Beer :  that  is  the  well  whereof  the 
Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  "  Gather  the  people  together,  and  I  will  give 
them  water.  ^"^  Then  ''Israel  sang  this  song  : — 
"  t Spring  up,  O  well !  *sing  ye  unto  it ! 
^^  The  princes  digged  the  well. 

The  nobles  of  the  people  digged  it. 
By  the  direction  of  'the  lawgiver,  with  their  staves." 
2^  And  -^Israel  sent  messengers  unto  Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites,  say- 
ing, "  "  Let  me  pass  through  thy  land  ;  we  will  not  turn  into  the  fields, 
or  into  the  vineyards  ;  we  will  not  drink  of  the  waters  of  the  well,  but 
we  will  go  along  by  the  king's  highway,  until  we  be  past  thy  bor- 
ders." ~^And  °  Sihon  would  not  suffer  Israel  to  pass  through  his  bor- 
der :  but  Sihon  gathered  all  his  people  together,  and  went  out  against 
Israel  into  the  wilderness  ;  ''and  he  came  to  Jahaz,  and  fought  against 
Israel.  -''  And  'Israel  smote  him  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  pos- 
sessed his  land  from  Arnon  unto  Jabbok,  even  unto  the  children  of 
Amnion  ;  for  the  border  of  the  children  of  Ammon  was  strong.  ^^  And 
Israel  took  all  these  cities ;  and  Israel  dwelt  in  all  the  cities  of  the 
Amorites,  in  Heshbon,  and  in  all  the  f  villages  thereof.  -"^For  Heshbon 
was  the  city  of  Sihon  the  king  of  the  Amorites,  who  had  fought  against 
the  former  king  of  Moab,  and  taken  all  his  land  out  of  his  hand,  even 
unto  Arnon.  -''  Wherefore,  they  that  speak  in  proverbs  say, — 

v 


11.  7,  33.  2  Ki 
i3.  Je.  48.  ■ 


48. 


p  De.  3.  1.  &  33 

29.  7. 


254  THE  FORTY-FIRST   JOURNEY— PLAINS  OF   MOAB.  [Period  III. 

'•  Come  into  Heshbon, 
Let  the  city  of  Sihon  be  built  and  prepared. 

jJe.48.45,46.  as  p^j.  ^^^^.^  jg  j^  f^^.^  gQ,^g  q^^  ^f  HesllbOH, 

A  flame  from  the  city  of  Sihon ; 
A-  De.^2. 9, 18.  Is.  It  hath  consumcd  * Ar  of  Moab, 

And  the  lords  of  the  high  places  of  Arnon. 
-^  Woe  to  thee,  Moab  ! 
un.  n.24.  iKi.  Thou  art  undone,  O  people  of'Chemosh! 

He  hath  given  his  sons  that  escaped, 
And  his  daughters,  into  captivity 
Unto  Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites. 
^°  We  have  shot  at  them  ; 

Heshbon  is  perished  even  '"unto  Dibon, 
And  we  have  laid  them  waste  even  unto  Nophah, 
Which  reacheth  unto  "Medeba." 
^^  Thus  Israel  dwelt  in  the  land  of  the  Amorites.  ^^  And  Moses  sent 
o  Ku.  32. 1.  Je.     to  spy  out " Jaazcr,  and  they  took  the  villages  thereof,  and   drove  out 
the  Amorites  that  were  there. 

And  'they  turned  and  went  up  by  the  way  of  Bashan ;  and  Og  the 
king  of  Bashan  went  out  against  them,  he,  and  all  his  people,  to  the 
9 Jos.  13.  12.  battle  "at  Edrei.  ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Fear  liim  not; 
r  De.  3. 2.  f^^.  j  ^^^^,^  delivered  him   into   thy  hand,  and  all   his  people,  and  his 

5Ps.  135.10,11.   land  ;  '^and  thou  shalt  do  to  him  as  thou  didst  unto  Sihon  king  of  the 
tDe.  3. 3,  >tc.      Amorites,  which   dwelt  at  Heshbon."  ^^  So 'they  smote  him,  and  his 
sons,  and  all  his  people,  until  there  was  none  left  him  alive  ;  and  they 
possessed  his  land. 

SEC'iVLXVi.  Section  LXYI.— The  Thirty-ninth  and  Fortieth  Journeys. 

A.  >I.  2553.  Num.  xxxiii.  AQ,  47,  audxxi.  last  part  of  18,  19,  20. 

iUL*^'s^t607  '^^  ^'^^'^  ^'^^y  removed  from  Dibon-gad,  and  encamped  in  Almon-Mib- 

Aimon-dibia-     lathaim. 

timm.  47  ^^nd  thcy  removed  from   Almon-diblathaim,  ''and  pitched   in  the 

mountains  of  Abarim,  before  Nebo. 

^^  And  from  the  wilderness  they  went  to  Mattanah  :  ^^  and  from 
tneb.'^iw.'  Mattanah  to  Nahaliel :  and  from  Nahaliel  to  Bamoth  :  ^o  and  from 
fOr,  t/tc/uTZ.  Bamoth  in  the  valley,  that  is  in  the  *country  of  Moab,  to  the  top  of 
\?els.^u.%'.w.  tPisgah,  which  looketh  toward  tJeshimon. 

Sect.  LXVIL The  Forty-first  Journey — From  Abarim  to  the  Plains  of 

Moab  bii  Jordan; — Balaam  and  BalakS^^ 

SECT,  r.xvii.  .^^  -^       ,        ...   .^ 

Num.  xxii.,  xxiii.,  xxiv.,  and  xxxin.48. 

Bidalc' s  first  message  for  Balaam  is  refused.  15  His  seco7id  message  obtaineth  him.  22  An  Angel 
vonld  have  slain  him.  if  his  ass  had  not  saved  him.  3G  Balak  entertaineth  him.  —  Chap,  xxiii.  1, 
13,  18  Balak' s  sacrifice.  7,  18  lialaam's  parables.  —  Chap.  xxiv.  1  Balaam,  leaving  divinations, 
prophesieth  the  haiipiiu-ss  of  Israel .  W  Balak  in  anger  dismisseth  him.  15  He  prophesicth  of 
the  Star  of  Jacob,  and  the  destruction  of  some  nations. 

1  And  "the  children  of  Israel  set  forward,  and  pitched   in  the  plains 
of  Moab  on  this  side  Jordan  by  Jericho. 

(2**)  There  were  various  modes  in  which  the  di-  established  the  patriarchal  dispensation,  and  as  this 
vine  will  was  cotninunicated  to  man  :  one  of  which  sj'stem  was  now  on  the  eve  of  beincr  abrogated,  it 
was,  compelling  the  prophet,  wliether  contrary,  or  was  to  be  expected  that  the  same  Divine  Being, 
ao-reeably,  to  his  inclination,  to  utter  certain  pro-  who  had  introduced  it,  would  effect  its  abolition, 
phetic  truths  and  oracular  responses.  Of  all  the  AVe  read  accordingly,  that  when  Balaam  received 
patriarchal  prophets  at  this  period  of  the  world,  Ba-  the  mcssengf  rs  of  Balak,  the  Lord,  the  Angel  Je- 
laaui  appears  to  have  been  the  most  celebrated  ;  and  liovah,  appeared  unto  him  ;  and  God  said  unto  liim, 
Balak.  fearing  the  Israelites,  who  "  cover  the  face  "Thou  shalt  not  go  with  them;  thou  shalt  not 
of  the  earth,"  sends  to  Balaam,  entreating  him  to  curse  the  people;  for  they  arc  blessed."  This  an- 
couie  and  curse  these  invaders.  The  seer  professes  nunciation  checked  for  a  time  the  ambition  and 
his  desire  to  please  the  king,  but  at  the  same  time,  covetousness  of  the  prophet;  the  messengers  re- 
gives  him  to  understand,  that  he  is  the  mere  instru-  turned  witii  more  honorable  offers  to  Balaam,  when 
meat  of  making  known  the  decree  of  the  Almighty.  theAnrrel  of  the  Lord  appears  as  the  captain  of  the 
The  Ano-el  Jehovah  was  justly  considered  tohave  Lord's  host,  "  standing  in  the  way,  his  sword  drawn 


a  Je.  48.  22.  Ez. 
6.  14. 


A.  «. 

2553. 

B.  C. 

145). 

Hales, 

1607. 

Plains  of  ilo.ib. 

a  See  Ni 

I.  33.  48 

Part  VIII.]  BALAK'S  MESSAGE  TO   BALAAM.  255 

4  ju.  11.25.  2  ^j^fj  'Balak  the  son  of  Zippor  saw  all  that  Israel  had  done  to  the 

cEx.  15. 15.  Amorites.  ^  And '^Moab  was  sore  afraid  of  the  people,  because  they 
were  many  ;  and  Moab  was  distressed  because  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

''la^hL'  ^'  ■^"''  "*  And  Moab  said  unto  ''the  elders  of  Midian,  "  Now  shall  this  company 
lick  up  all  that  are  round  about  us,  as  the  ox  licketh  up  the  grass  of 
the  field."     And  Balak  the  son  of  Zippor  was  king  of  the  Moabites  at 

eDe.23.4.  Jos  that  time.  ^ He 'sent  messengers  therefore  unto  Balaam  the  son  of 
a.Mic.  6. 5.  '  '  Beor  to-'Pethor,  which  is  by  the  river  of  the  land  of  the  children  of 
11.  Re.' 2. 14."  ^  his  people,  to  call  him,  saying,  "Behold,  there  is  a  people   come  out 

^bT^"''1^^''''     ^^^^  Egypt ;  behold,  they  cover  the  *face  of  the  earth,  and  they  abide 

*Heb.  (T/e!  over  against  me.  ^  Come  now  therefore,  I   pray  thee,  curse  me   this 

people  ;  for  they  are  too  mighty  for  me  :  perad venture  I  shall  prevail, 
that  we  may  smite  them,  and  that  I  may  drive  them  out  of  the  land ; 
for  I  wot  that  he  whom  thou  blessest  is  blessed,  and  he  whom  thou 
cursest  is  cursed."  "^  And  the  elders  of  Moab  and  the  elders  of  Midian 

g-isa.  9. 7,8.  departed  with  ^the  rewards  of  divination  in  their  hand  ;  and  they  came 
unto  Balaam,  and  spake  unto  him  the  words  of  Balak.  ^  And  he  said  unto 
them,  "  Lodge  here  this  night,  and  I  will  bring  you  word  again,  as  the 
Lord  shall  speak  unto  me."  And  the  princes  of  Moab  abode  with  Balaam. 

h  Ge.  20. 3.  9  ^j^j  ''God  Came  unto  Balaam,  and  said,  "  What  men  are  these  with 

thee  ? "  ^^  And  Balaam  said  unto  God,  "  Balak,  the  son  of  Zippor,  king 
of  Moab,  hath  sent  unto  me,  saying,  ^^ '  Behold,  there  is  a  people  come 
out  of  Egypt,  which  covereth  the  face  of  the  earth.    Come  now,  curse 

^fadilfilmZ'''  ^^^'  ^'^^^^^ '  peradventure  tl  shall  be  able  to  overcome  them,  and  drive 
againsthutt.  "     them  out.' "  i^And  God  said  unto  Balaam,  "Thou  shalt  not  go  with 

'Nu^23. 20.  Ro.   them,  thou  shalt  not  curse  the  people;  for  'they  are  blessed." 

^^  And  Balaam  rose  up  in  the  morning,  and  said  unto  the  princes  of 
Balak,  "  Get  you  into  your  land  ;  for  the  Lord  refuseth  to  give  me 
leave  to  go  with  you."  ^'^  And  the  princes  of  Moab  rose  up,  and  they 
went  unto  Balak,  and  said,  "  Balaam  refuseth  to  come  with  us." 

^^  And  Balak  sent  yet  again  princes,  more,  and  more  honorable  than 
they.  ^^And   they   came  to  Balaam,   and  said  to  him,  "Thus  saith 

^tiwuiettedfrom,   Balak  thc  son   of  Zippor,  ILet  nothing,  I  pray  thee,  hinder  thee  from 

'^''-  coming  unto  me.   ^"^  For  I  will  promote  thee  unto  very  great  honor,  and 

I  will  do  whatsoever  thou  sayest  unto  me  ;  come  therefore,  I  pray  thee, 

curse  me  this   people."   ^®  And  Balaam   answered  and  said   unto  the 

servants  of  Balak,  "  If  Balak  would  give  me  his  house  full  of  silver  and 

jiKi.  2>.  14.  goldj^I  cannot  go  beyond  the  word  of  the  Lord  my  God,  to  do  less 
or  more.  ^^  Now  therefore,  I  pray  you,  tarry  ye  also  here  this  night, 
that  I  may  know  what  the  Lord  will  say  unto  me  more." 

in  his  hand,"  and  He  declares  to  the  prophet,  tliat  gether  with  the   more  ancient  tradition  of  Noah, 

whatever  he  may  himself  wish  to  predict,  from  the  never  ceased  to  prevail  in  a  greater  or  less  degree 

desire  of  promotion,  "  only  the   word  that  I  shall  throughout   the    pagan    world;    until   the  eastern 

speak   unto  thee,  that  thou  shalt  speak."     Every  magi  came  to  seek  the  Messiah,  having  seen   his 

evidence,  therefore,  tliat  the  Israelites  were  the  pe-  star  in  the  east.     Balaam,  after  having   announced 

culiar  chosen  people  of  God,  separated  by  him  from  the  national  prosperity  of  the  chosen  people  of  God, 

the  apostate   Gentiles,  and  that  patriarcliism   was  in  the  Holy   Land  (Numb,  x.xiii.  21-24.),  predicts 

consequently  abolished,  was  thus  afforded   to  the  the  subjugation  of  the  nations  whose   princes  then 

people  of  the  East.     From  this  time,  except  through  surrounded  him  ;  and  concludes  by  his  prophecy  of 

the  medium  of  God's  chosen   people,  tlie   apostate  the  captivity  of  the  Jews,  and  the  punishment  of 

children  of  Noah  had  no  intercourse  with  God  :  and  their  oppressors.     Thus  was  the  goodness  of  Provi- 

Balaam,  with  whatever  reluctance,  was  constrained  dence  displayed,  in  permitting  a  Gentile  prophet  to 

by  the  Holy  Spirit,  to  pronounce  the   inauguration  declare  to  the  Gentiles,  the   same  truths  which   he 

of  a  new  system,  and  thereby  dissolve  the  old  one.  revealed   to  his  own   people  by    the   Hebrew  pro- 

The  prophecies  of  Balaam,  then,  may  be  consid-  phets ;  which  is  an  earnest  and  evidence,  that  all 

ered  as  the  "  death  song  of  patriarchism,"  and  at  nations  are  interested  in   the   mission  of  his  Son ; 

the  very  moment  when  this   primeval  system  was  and  that  the  Gentiles  shall  be  again  received  into 

formally  abrogated,  God,  In  his  mercy,  gives  to  the  God's  visible  Church  upon  earth. — Vide  Witsius,  Be 

penitent  Gentiles,  an  assurance  of  a  future  Saviour  :  Prophctis  et  Proplirtid;  Faber's  Hnr(r  Mosaica,  vol. 

"Thoro  =i,aii  ^,^,v,o  a  «f=,  ^„(  ^f  T       K  >•  P"  ^^^>  ^nd  followiug;  Hales'  Analysis,  vol.   ii.   p. 

"  1  here  snail  come  a  tstar  out  oi  Jacob,  nin  noA       ah-       r.  3  \-  i     ..,;   .  noL^of    .ivt 

\^A„  «„^.,+>«  „u  11  _•  .    fF        1 '•  219-2.30 ;    Allix,   Reflections,  ch.   .xi.     Calmet,  ait. 

And  a  bceptre  shall  rise  out  oi  Israel.  „  ,  t>-  u       i\t      »       r>\i     r>^^>,;.„/.v«o  -.roi   :    • 

'  Balaam  ;  Bishop  Newton  On  the  fropUcnes,  vol.  i.  , 

It  is  supposed  that  this  prophecy  of  the  Messiah,  to-     and  Calvin,  quoted  by  Witsius,  Misc.  Sac.  p.  178. 


256 


BALAAM   GOES  TO   BALAK. 


[Period  111. 


I  See  2  Ki.  6.  17. 
Da.  10.  7.  .-Kc. 
22.  9.2  Pe.  2. 16. 


m  Pr.  12.  10. 
*  Heb.  who  hast 

ridden  upon  me. 
t  Or,  rcer  since 

thou,  wast,  4'c. 

nSeeGe.  21.  19. 


X  Or,  bowed  him- 
self. 

*  Hcb.  to  be  an 
adversary  unto 
titee. 

p2Pe.2.  11,  15. 


q  1  Sa.  15.  24,  30. 

&  2G.  21.  2  Sa. 

12.  13.  Job  34. 

31,32. 
t  Heb.  be  ecil  in 

titine  eyes. 


-•^  And  God  came  unto  Balaam  at  night,  and  said  unto  him,  "  If  the 
men  come  to  call  thee,  rise  up,  and  go  with  them ;  but  yet  the  word 
which  I  shall  say  unto  thee,  that  shalt  thou  do."  -'  And  Balaam  rose 
up  in  the  morning,  and  saddled  his  ass,  and  went  with  the  princes  of 
Moab. 

^-  And  God's  anger  was  kindled  because  he  went ;  and  *the  Angel 
of  the  Lord  stood  in  the  way  for  an  adversary  against  him.  JVow  he 
was  riding  upon  his  ass,  and  his  two  servants  were  with  him.  ^^  And 
'the  ass  saw  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  standing  in  the  way,  and  his  sword 
drawn  in  his  hand ;  and  the  ass  turned  aside  out  of  the  way.  and  went 
into  the  field,  and  Balaam  smote  the  ass,  to  turn  her  into  the  way. 
-■*  But  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  stood  in  a  path  of  the  vineyards,  a  wall 
being  on  this  side,  and  a  wall  on  that  side.  ^^  And  when  the  ass  saw 
the  Angel  of  the  Lord,  she  thrust  herself  unto  the  wall,  and  crushed 
Balaam's  foot  against  the  wall ;  and  he  smote  her  again.  -*^  And  the 
Angel  of  the  Lord  went  further,  and  stood  in  a  narrow  place,  where 
was  no  way  to  turn  either  to  the  right  hand  or  to  the  left.  ■^' And  when 
the  ass  saw  the  Angel  of  the  Lord,  she  fell  down  under  Balaam  ;  and 
Balaam's  anger  was  kindled,  and  he  smote  the  ass  with  a  staff.  -®  And 
the  Lord  opened  the  mouth  of  tiie  ass,  and  she  said  unto  Balaam, 
"  What  have  I  done  unto  thee,  that  thou  hast  smitten  me  these  three 
times  ?  "  ^^  And  Balaam  said  unto  the  ass,  "  Because  thou  hast  mocked 
me ;  I  would  there  were  a  sword  in  my  hand,  "'for  now  would  I  ki!! 
thee."  ^''And  tlie  ass  said  unto  Balaam,  '-Am  not  I  tliine  ass,  *upon 
which  thou  hast  ridden  fever  since  I  was  thine  unto  this  day  ?  was  I 
ever  wont  to  do  so  unto  thee?"  And  he  said,  "  Nay."  ^^Then  the 
Lord  "opened  the  eyes  of  Balaam,  and  he  saw  the  Angel  of  tire  Lord 
standing  in  the  way,  and  his  sword  drawn  in  his  hand  ;  and  he  "bowed 
down  his  head,  and  Ifell  flat  on  his  face.  ^^And  the  Angel  of  the 
Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Wherefore  hast  thou  smitten  thine  ass  these 
three  times  ?  behold,  I  went  out  *to  withstand  thee,  because  thy  way 
is  ''perverse  before  me.  ^^  And  the  ass  saw  me,  and  turned  from  me 
these  three  times  :  unless  she  had  turned  from  me,  surely  now  also  I 
had  slain  thee,  and  saved  her  alive."  ^'^  And  Balaam  said  unto  the 
Angel  of  the  Lord,  "  I  'have  sinned,  for  I  knew  not  that  thou  stoodest 
in  the  way  against  me  ;  now,  therefore,  if  it  fdisplease  thee,  I  will 
get  me  back  again."  ^^  And  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  .said  unto  Balaam, 
"  Go  with  the  men  ;  but  only  the  word  that  I  shall  speak  unto  thee, 
that  thou  shalt  speak."   So  Balaam  went  with  the  princes  of  Balak. 

2^  And  when  Balak  heard  that  Balaam  was  come,  '^he  went  out  1o 
meet  him  unto  a  city  of  Moab,  which  is  in  the  border  of  Arnon,  which 
is  in  the  utmost  coast.  ^"  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  "  Did  I  not 
earnestly  send  unto  thee  to  call  thee  ?  wherefore  camestthou  not  unto 
me?  am  I  not  able  indeed  to  promote  thee  to  honor  ?  "  "^  And  Balaam 
said  unto  Balak,  '■  Lo !  I  am  come  unto  thee,  have  I  now  any  power 
at  all  to  say  anything?  'the  word  that  God  putteth  in  my  mouth,  that 
shall  I  speak." 

^■'And  Balaam  went  with  Balak,  and  they  came  unto  tKirjath- 
huzoth.  '•'^yVnd  Balak  offered  o.xen  and  sheep,  and  sent  to  Balaam,  and 
to  the  princes  that  were  with  him. 

''^  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  Balak  took  Balaam,  and 
brought  him  up  into  the  'high  places  of  Baal,  that  thence  he  might  see 
the  utmost  i)art  of  the  people.  '  And  Balaam  said  unto  Balak,  jy^.,,  ^^- 
"  Build  me  here  seven  altars,  and  prepare  me  here  "seven 
oxen  and  seven  rams,"  -  And  Balak  did  as  Balaam  had  spoken  ;  and 
Balak  and  Balaam  offered  on  every  altar  a  bullock  and  a  ram.  ^  And 
Balaam  said  unto  Balak,  "  Stand  by  thy  burnt  offering,  and  I  will  go. 


1 

I' 


Part  VIII.]  THE  PROPHECIES  OF  BALAAM.  257 

Peradventure  the  Lord  will  come  to  meet  me  ;  and  whatsoever  he  show- 
Ac  went  soli- 
tary 


Or,  he  went  soli-  ^jj-^  ^^^  J  ^yjjj  jgH  thee."     And  *he  went  to  a  high  place,  '  and  God  met 


Balaam.     And  he  said  unto  Him,  "  I  have  prepared  seven  altars,  and 

I  have  offered  upon  every  altar  a  bullock  and  a  ram."  ^  And  the  Lord 

«  De.  18. 18.  Je.    "put  a  word  in  Balaam's  mouth,  and  said,  "  Return   unto  Balak,  and 

thus  thou  shalt  speak."  ''And  he  returned  unto  him,  and  lo,    he  stood 

wjob27. 1.&29.  by  his  burnt  sacrifice,  he,  and  all  the  princes  of  Moab.  '''And  he  "took 

17.  a' Mic^b.^!'  up  his  parable,  and  said, — 

Hab.  2. 6.  CI  Balak  the  king  of  Moab  hath  brought  me  from  Aram, 

Out  of  the  mountains  of  the  East,  saying, 
'  Come — curse  me  Jacob, 
risa.  17. 10.  And  comc — defy  ""Israel.' 

y  Is.  47. 12, 13.       8  }jow  "shall  I  cursc,  whom  God  hath  not  cursed  ? 

Or  how  shall  I  defy,  whom  the  Lord  hath  not  defied  ? 
^  For  from  the  top  of  the  rocks  I  see  him. 
And  from  the  hills  I  behold  him. 
zDe.  33.28.  Lq  I  ^thc  pcoplc  shall  dwcll  alone, 

"Ex. 33. 16.  And  "shall  not  be  reckoned  among  the  nations. 

Ezia9.  2.  Eph.      ,„,,,!        ;  i  i  /•    t  i 

2.14.  ^"  Who   can  count  the  dust  or  Jacob, 

*seeGe.i2.2.         ^^^j  ^l^g  number  of  the  fourth ^flrf  of  Israel? 
^Heb.  my  scmi,         Lct  fme  die  the  death  of  the  righteous, 
ii6."l5.'  '   '■         And  let  my  last  end  be  like  his  !  " 

^^  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  "  What  hast  thou  done  unto  me  ? 
I  took  thee  to  curse  mine  enemies,  and,  behold,  thou  hast  blessed  them 
altogether!"  ^^And  he  answered  and  said,  "Must  I  not  take  heed  to 
speak  that  which  the  Lord  hath  put  in  my  mouth  ?  "  ^^  And  Balak 
said  unto  him,  "  Come,  I  pray  thee,  with  me  unto  another  place,  from 
w^hence  thou  mayest  see  them,  (thou  shalt  see  but  the  utmost  part  of 
them,  and  shalt  not  see  them  all ;)  and  curse  me  them  from  thence." 
t  Or,  the  kill.  1' And  he  brought  him  into  the  field  of  Zophim,  to  the  top  of  tPis- 

gah,  and  built  seven  altars,  and  offered  a  bullock  and  a  ram  on  every 
altar.  ^^  And  he  said  unto  Balak,  "  Stand  here  by  thy  burnt  offering, 
while  I  meet  the  Lord  yonder."  ^''And  the  Lord  met  Balaam,  and 
put  a  word  in  his  mouth,  and  said,  "  Go  again  unto  Balak,  and  say 
thus."  ^^  And  when  he  came  to  him,  behold,  he  stood  by  his  burnt 
offering,  and  the  princes  of  Moab  with  him.  And  Balak  said  unto 
him,  "  What  hath  the  Lord  spoken?  "  ^^  And  he  took  up  his  parable, 
and  said, — 
cjii.3. 20.  "Rise  "up,  Balak,  and  hear! 

Hearken  unto  me,  thou  son  of  Zippor  ! 
M^u%9'.ji     ^^  ^^^  'i^  "ot  a  man,  that  he  should  he  ; 
.  17.  Tit.  1.2.        Neither  the  son  of  man,  that  he  should  repent : 
Hath  he  said — and  shall  he  not  do  it  ? 
Or  hath  he  spoken — and  shall  he  not  make  it  good  ? 
^'^  Behold !  I  have  received  commandment  to  bless  : 
n'^m'^^^^'       -^""-^  '^^  ^^^'^  blessed;  and  I  cannot  reverse  it. 
Ro.  4. 7, 8.        ^^  He  ^hath  not  beheld  iniquity  in  Jacob, 

Neither  hatli  he  seen  perverseness  in  Israel : 
?Ex.  13. 21.  The  "Lord  his  God  is  with  him, 

'jPs.  89. 15.  And  ''the  shout  of  a  king  is  among  them. 

^^  God  brought  them  out  of  Egypt ; 
'3?)''"io^'ir'^°''        ^^  h^th  as  it  were  Hhe  strength  of  a  unicorn. 
*  ur,  in.  ^^  Surely  there  is  no  enchantment  *against  Jacob, 

Neither  is  there  any  divination  against  Israel : 
According  to  this  time  it  shall  be  said  of  Jacob 
JP..31.19. &  And  of  Israel,  'What  hath  God  wrought! 

fe  See  Ge.  49.9.     "^  Bchold  !  the  pcoplc  shall  rise  up  *as  a  great  lion, 

VOL.   I.  33  *v 


258 


THE  PROPHECIES  OF  BALAAM. 


[Period  HI. 


f  Heb.  to  the  meet- 
ing of  enchant- 
Toents. 

nNu.2.  2,  &c. 

0  Nu.  11.  25. 
1  Sa.  10.  10.  & 
19.20,23.  2Ch. 
15.  1. 

J  Heb.  who  had 
his  eyes  shut,  but 
now  opened. 


p  See  1  Sa.  19. 
24.  Ez.  1.  28. 
Da.  8.  18.  At  10. 
15,  16.  2  Co.  12. 
2-4.  Re.  1.  10, 
17. 


qPs.  1.3.  Je.  17. 
8. 
r  Ps.  104.  16. 

s  Je.  51.  13.  Re. 

17.  1,  15. 
t  1  Sa.  15.  9. 
u  2  Sa.  5.  12. 

1  Ch.  14.  2. 


TD  Ps.  2.  9.  Is.  3( 
13.  Je.  50.  17. 
I  Ps.  45.  5.  Jo. 


y  Ge.  49.  9. 
I  Ge.  12.  3. 


a  Ez.  21.14,  17. 
&.  22.  13. 

Jos.  21.  9,  10. 
Ne.  13.  2. 


cMic.  6.5.  Re.2. 

14. 
d  See  Ge.  49.  1. 


And  lift  up  himself  as  a  young  lion  : 

He  'shall  not  lie  down  until  he  eat  of  the  prey, 

And  drink  the  blood  of  the  slain." 

2^  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  "■  Neither  curse  them  at  all,  nor  bless 
them  at  all."  ^^  But  Balaam  answered  and  said  unto  Balak,  "  Told 
not  I  thee,  saying,  'All  "that  the  Lord  speaketh,  that  I  must  dor'  " 

^"^  And  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  '•  Come,  I  pray  thee,  I  will  bring 
thee  unto  another  place  ;  peradventure  it  will  please  God  that  thou 
mayest  curse  me  them  from  thence."  ~^  And  Balak  brought  Balaam 
unto  the  top  of  Peor,  that  looketh  toward  Jeshimon.  -'  And  Balaam 
said  unto  Balak,  "  Build  me  here  .seven  altars,  and  prepare  me  here 
seven  bullocks  and  seven  rams."  ^"^  And  Balak  did  as  Balaam  had  said, 
and  offered  a  bullock  and  a  ram  on  every  altar. 

^  And  when  Balaam  saw  that  it  pleased  the  Lord  to  bless  Nf  m.  xxiv. 
Israel,  he  went  not,  as  at  other  times,  tto  seek  for  enchantments,  but 
he  set  his  face  toward  the  wilderness.  ~  And  Balaam  lifted  up  his  eyes, 
and  he  saw  Israel  "abiding  in  his  tents  according  to  their  tribes  ;  and  "the 
Spirit  of  God  came  upon  him,  ^  and  he  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, — 
"  Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  hath  said, 

And  the  man  t whose  eyes  are  open  hath  said : 
^  He  hath  said,  which  heard  the  words  of  God, 

Which  saw  the  vision  of  the  Almighty, 

Falling  ''into  a  trance,  but  having  his  eyes  open  : 
^  How  goodly  are  thy  tents,  O  Jacob  ! 

And  thy  tabernacles,  O  Israel ! 
^  As  the  valleys  are  they  spread  forth, 

As  gardens  by  the  river's  side, 

As  'the  trees  of  lign  aloes  ""which  the  Lord  hath  planted, 

And  as  cedar  trees  beside  the  waters. 
"^  He  shall  pour  the  water  out  of  his  buckets, 

And  his  seed  shall  be  *in  many  waters. 

And  his  king  shall  be  higher  than  'Agag, 

And  his  "kingdom  shall  be  exalted. 
^  God  brought  him  forth  out  of  Egypt ; 

He  hath  as  it  were  the  strength  of  a  unicorn. 

He  shall  "eat  up  the  nations  his  enemies, 

And  shall  "break  their  bones. 

And  ""pierce  them  through  with  his  arrows. 
^  He  ^couched — he  lay  down  as  a  lion, 

And  as  a  great  lion — who  shall  stir  him  up  ? 

Blessed  ""is  he  that  blesseth  thee. 

And  cursed  is  he  that  curseth  thee, !  " 

"^  And  Balak's  anger  was  kindled  against  Balaam,  and  he  "smote  his 
hands  together ;  and  Balak  said  unto  Balaam,  '•  I  Vailed  thee  to  curse 
mine  enemies,  and,  behold,  thou  hast  altogether  blessed  them  these 
three  times.  ^^  Therefore  now  flee  thou  to  thy  place  ;  I  thought  to 
promote  thee  unto  great  honor,  but,  lo  !  the  Lord  hath  kept  thee  back 
from  honor."  ^'^  And  Balaam  said  unto  Balak,  ''  Spake  I  not  also  to  thy 
messengers  which  thou  sentest  unto  me,  saying,  ^'-^ '  If  Balak  would 
give  me  his  house  full  of  silver  and  gold,  I  cannot  go  beyond  the 
commandment  of  the  Lord,  to  do  either  good  or  bad  of  mine  own  mind  : 
but  what  the  Lord  saith,  that  will  I  speak  ? '  ^"^  And  now,  behold,  I  go 
unto  my  people  :  come  therefore,  "and  I  will  advertise  thee  what  this 
people  shall  do  to  thy  people  ''in  the  latter  days."  ^^  And  he  took  up 
liis  parable,  and  said, — 

"  Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  hath  said. 
And  the  man  whose  eyes  are  open  hath  said : 


Part  VIIL] 


THE  IDOLATRY  OF  BAAL-PEOR. 


259 


/Mat.  2.9.  Re. 

22.  16. 
g  Ge.  49.  10.  Ps. 

110.2. 
*  Or, smite  through 

the  princes  of 

Moab.  2  Sa.  8. 2. 

Je.  48.  45. 
h  2  Sa.  8.  14.  Pa. 

60.  3,  9,  12. 

i  Ge.  49.  10. 


f  Or,  the  first  of 
the  nations  that 
warred  against 
Israel,  Ex.  17.8. 

X  Or,  shall  be 
even  to  destruc- 
tion. Ex.  17.   14. 
1  Sa.  15.  3,  8. 

*  Heb.  Kain.  Ge. 
15.  19. 

t  Or,  How  long 
shall  it  be  ere 
./isshur  carry  thee 
away  captive  ? 

j  Ge.  10.  4.  Da. 

11.30. 
tGe.  10.21,25. 


^^  He  hath  said,  which  heard  the  words  of  God, 

And  knew  the  knowledge  of  the  Most  High, 

Which  saw  the  vision  of  the  Ahnighty, 

Falhng  into  a  trance,  but  having  his  eyes  open. 
^"  I  'shall  see  him — but  not  now  : 

I  shall  behold  him — but  not  nigh  : 

There  shall  come  -^a  Star  out  of  Jacob, 

And  ^a  Sceptre  shall  rise  out  of  Israel, 

And  shall  *smite  the  corners  of  Moab, 

And  destroy  all  the  children  of  Sheth. 
^®  And  ''Edom  shall  be  a  possession, 

Seir  also  shall  be  a  possession  for  his  enemies; 

And  Israel  shall  do  valiantly. 
^^  Out  'of  Jacob  shall  come  he  that  shall  have  dominion, 

And  shall  destroy  him  that  remaineth  of  the  city." 

-^  And  when  he  looked  on  Amalek,  he  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, — 
"  Amalek  was  tthe  first  of  the  nations  ; 

But  his  latter  end  tshall  be  that  he  perish  for  ever." 

^^  And  he  looked  on  the  Kenites,  and  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, — 
"  Strong  is  thy  dwelling-place, 

And  thou  puttest  thy  nest  in  a  rock. 
^^  Nevertheless  the  *Kenite  shall  be  wasted, 

tUntil  Asshur  shall  carry  thee  away  captive." 

^^And  he  took  up  his  parable,  and  said, — 
"  Alas,  who  shall  live  when  God  doeth  this  ! 
^*  And  ships  shall  come  from  the  coast  of  ^Chittim, 

And  shall  afflict  Asshur,  and  shall  afflict  *Eber, 

And  he  also  shall  perish  for  ever." 

-^  And  Balaam  rose  up,  and  went  and  'returned  to  his  place :  and 
Balak  also  went  his  way. 

Num.  xxxiii.  48.     And  they  departed  from  the  mountains    of  Abarim,  and  pitched  in 
the  plains  of  Moab  by  Jordan  near  Jericho. 


SECT.  LXVIH. 

A.  M.  2553. 
B.  C.  1451. 
Hales,  1607. 
Abel-shittim. 


a  Jos.  2.  1.  Mic. 

6.5. 
6Nii.  31.16.  1  Co. 

10.8. 
c  Jos.  23.   17.  Ps. 

106.  28.  Ho.  9. 

10. 
d  Ex.  34.  15,  16. 

1  Co.  10. 20. 
e  Ex.  20.  5. 
/Ps.  106.  29. 
g  Ue.  4.  3.  Jos. 

22.17. 
h  De.  13.  17. 
tEx.  18.21,25. 
i  Ex.  32.  27. 

k  Joel  2.  17. 

I  Ps.  100.  30.  Ec. 

45.23.  1  Mac.  2. 

54. 


Sect.   LXVIII. The  Forty-second  Journey — Tlie  Plains  of  Moab — En- 
campment hy  Beth-jesimoth  and  A  hcl-sliittim ; — Idolatry  of  Baal-Peor. 

Num.  xxxiii.  49,  and  chap.  xxv. 

Israel  at  Shitlim  commit  whoredom  and  idolatnj.     6  Phinehas  killeth  Zimri  and  Cozhi.     10  God 
therefore  givcth  him  an  everlasting  priesthood.     16  The  Midiaidtes  are  to  be  vexed. 

''^  And  they  pitched  by  Jordan,  from  Beth-jesimoth  even  unto  *AbeI- 
shittim  in  the  plains  of  Moab. 

^  And  Israel  abode  in  "Shittim,  and  Hhe  people  began  to  commit 
whoredom  with  the  daughters  of  Moab.  ^  And  "they  called  the  people  unto 
''the  sacrifices  of  their  gods  ;  and  the  people  did  eat,  and  'bowed  down 
to  their  gods.  ^  And  Israel  joined  himself  unto  Baal-peor  ;  and  ^the 
anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against  Israel.  ^  And  the  Lord  said 
unto  Moses,  "  Take  ^all  the  heads  of  the  people,  and  hang  them  up 
before  the  Lord  against  the  sun,  ''that  the  fierce  anger  of  the  Lord 
may  be  turned  away  from  Israel."  ^  And  Moses  said  unto  'the  judges  of 
Israel,  "  Slay  'ye  every  one  his  men  that  were  joined  unto  Baal-peor." 

^  And  behold,  one  of  the  children  of  Israel  came  and  brought  unto 
his  brethren  a  Midianitish  woman  in  the  sight  of  Moses,  and  in  the 
sight  of  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  ""who  were  weeping 
before  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  '  And  'when 
Phinehas,  the  son  of  Eleazar,  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest,  saw  it,  he 
rose  up  from  among  the  congregation,  and  took  a  javelin  in  his  hand  ; 
^and  he  went  after  the  man  of  Israel  into  the  tent,  and  thrust  both  of 
them  through,  the  man  of  Israel,  and  the  woman    through    her   belly. 


260 


THIRD  NUMBERING  OF  THE  PEOPLE.         [Period  III. 


*  Heb.  with  my 

zeal :  Bee  2  Co. 

11.2. 
n  Ex.  20.  5.  1  Ki. 

14.  22.  Ps.  78. 

58.  Ez.  16.  38. 
0  Mai.  2. 4,  5. 
p  See  1  Ch.  6.  4, 

&c. 
q  Ex.  40.  15. 
r  Ac.  22. 3.  Ro. 

10.2. 
s  He.  2.  17. 
t  Heb.  house  of  a 

father, 
t  Nu.  31.  8.  Jo8. 

13.  21. 

uNu.  31.2. 
V  Nu.  31.  16.  Re. 
2.  14. 


SECT.  LXIX. 

A.  M.  2553. 
B.  C.  1451. 
Hales,  1607. 
Abel-shittim. 


;  Ex.  30.  12.  Nu. 
1.  2,  3. 


b  Nu.  22.  1. 
eNu.  1.1. 
dGe.  46.  8. 


/Nu.  16.32,35. 


g  Nu.  16.  38.  See 

ICo.  10.6.2Pe. 

2.6. 
h  Ex.  6.  24.  1  Ch. 

6.22. 
i  Ge.  46.  10.  Ex. 

6.  15,  Jemuel.     < 
j  ]  Cli.  4.  24. 

Jarib. 
k  Gc.  46.  10, 

Zohar. 
I  Ge.  46.  16, 

Ziphion. 
*  Or,  Ezbon,  Ge. 

46.  16. 
m  Ge.  46.  16, 


So  the  plague  was  stayed  from  the  children  of  Israel.  ^  And  '"those 
that  died  in  the  plague  were  twenty  and  four  thousand. 

^°  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Phinehas,  the  son  of 
Eleazar,  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest,  hath  turned  my  wrath  away  from 
the  children  of  Israel,  while  he  was  zealous  *for  my  sake  among  them, 
that  I  consumed  not  the  children  of  Israel  "in  my  jealousy.  ^^  Where- 
fore say,  "Behold,  I  give  unto  him  my  covenant  of  peace.  ^^  And  he 
shall  have  it,  and  ^'his  seed  after  him,  even  the  covenant  of  'an  ever- 
lasting priesthood  ;  because  he  was  '"zealous  for  his  God,  and  ^made 
an  atonement  for  the  children  of  Israel."  ^'*  Now  the  name  of  the  Isra- 
elite that  was  slain,  even  that  was  slain  with  the  Midianitish  woman, 
was  Zimri,  the  son  of  Salu,  a  prince  of  a  fchief  house  among  the  Sim- 
eonites.  ^^  And  the  name  of  the  Midianitish  woman  that  was  slain  was 
Cozbi,  the  daughter  of  'Zur  ;  he  was  head  over  a  people,  and  of  a 
chief  house  in  Midian. 

^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^'  "  Vex  "the  Midianites, 
and  smite  them  ;  ^^  for  they  vex  you  with  their  "wiles,  '"wherewith  they 
have  beguiled  you  in  the  matter  of  Peor,  and  in  the  matter  of  Cozbi, 
the  daughter  of  a  prince  of  Midian,  their  sister,  which  was  slain  in  tiie 
day  of  the  plague  for  Peor's  sake." 

Section  LXIX. The  TJiird  Numbering  of  the  People. 

Num.  xxvi. 
The  sum  of  all  Israel  is  taken  in  the  plains  of  Moah.     52  The  law  ofdividivg  among  them  the  in- 
heritance of  the   land,     bl  The  families  and  number  of  the  Levites.     GZ  None  were  left  of  them 
which  were  numbered  at  Sinai,  but  Caleb  and  Joshua. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  the  plague,  that  the  Lord  spake  unto 
Moses  and  unto  Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  the  priest,  saying,  ^  "  Take 
"the  sum  of  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel,  from  twenty 
years  old  and  upward,  throughout  their  fathers'  house,  all  that  are  able 
to  go  to  war  in  Israel."  ^  And  Moses  and  Eleazar  the  priest  spake  with 
them  'in  the  plains  of  Moab  by  Jordan  near  Jericho,  saying,  ^  "  Take 
the  sum  of  the  people,  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward  ;  as  the 
Lord  'commanded  Moses  and  the  children  of  Israel,  which  went  forth 
out  of  the  land  of  Egypt." 

^  Reuben,  ''the  eldest  son  of  Israel : — the  children  of  Reuben  ; 
Hanoch,  of  whom  cometh  the  ftimily  of  the  Hanochites  ;  of  Pallu,  the 
family  of  the  Palluites  ;  ^  of  Hezron,  the  family  of  the  Hezronites  ;  of 
Carmi,  the  family  of  the  Carmites  :  '  these  are  the  families  of  the 
Reubenites;  and  they  that  were  numbered  of  them  were  forty  and  three 
thousand  and  seven  hundred  and  thirty.  ^  And  the  sons  of  Pallu,  Eliab  ; 
^  and  the  sons  of  Eliab,  Nemuel,  and  Dathan,  and  Abiram  ;  this  is 
that  Dathan  and  Abiram,  which  were  'famous  in  the  congregation,  who 
strove  against  Moses  and  against  Aaron  in  the  comi)any  of  Korah, 
when  they  strove  against  the  Lord  ;  ^^  and  -^the  earth  opened  her 
mouth,  and  swallowed  them  up  together  with  Korah,  when  that  com- 
pany died,  what  time  the  fire  devoured  two  hundred  and  fifty  men  ; 
^and  they  became  a  sign.  ^^  Notwithstanding  ''the  children  of  Korah 
died  not. 

12  The  sons  of  Simeon  after  their  families: — of 'Nemuel,  the  family 
of  the  Nemuclitcs;  of  Jamin,  the  family  of  the  Jaminites  ;  of^Jachin, 
the  family  of  tiie  Jachinites  ;  ^^  of  *Zerah,  the  family  of  the  Zarhites  ; 
of  Shaul,  the  family  of  the  Shaulites:  ^Hhese  are  the  families  of  the 
Simconites,  twenty  and  two  thousand  and  two  hundred. 

i^The  children  of  Gad  after  their  families  : — of 'Zephon,  the  family 
of  the  Zephonites  ;  of  Haggi,  the  family  of  the  Haggitcs  ;  of  Shuni,  the 
family  of  the  Shunites  ;  ^^^  of  *Ozni,  the  family  of  the  Oznites  ;  of  Eri, 
the  family  of  the  Erites  ;  I'of'Arod,  the  family  of  the   Arodites  ;   of 


Part  VIII.] 


THIRD  NUMBERING  OF  THE  PEOPLE. 


261 


<,  Ge.  38.  2,  &c. 
1  Ch.  2.  3. 


p  Ge.  46.  13. 
1  Ch.  7.  1. 
t  Or,  Plmvah. 
X  Or,  Job. 


sios.  17.  1.  1  Ch. 
7.  U,  15. 

t  Called,  Miezer, 
Jos.  17.  2.  Ju.  6. 
11,  24,  34. 


V  1  Ch.  7.  20, 
Bered. 


I  Ge   46.  21,  Ehi. 

1  Ch.  8.  1,  Aha- 

rah. 
yGe.  46.2), 

Muppim  and 

Hiippim. 
z  1  Ch.  8.  3, 

Addar. 


a  Ge.  46.  23. 

*  Or,  Ilushitn. 


Aieli,  the  family  of  the  Arelites  :  ^^  these  are  the  famiUes  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Gad  according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  forty- 
thousand  and  five  hundred. 

^•'  The  "sons  of  Judah  were  Er  and  Onan ;  and  Er  and  Onan  died  in  the 
land  of  Canaan.  ~°  And  "the  sons  of  Judah  after  their  families  were  ;  of 
Shelah,  the  family  of  the  Shelanites  ;  of  Pharez,  the  family  of  the  Pha- 
rezites  ;  of  Zerah,  the  family  of  the  Zarhites  :  "^  and  the  sons  of  Pharez 
were,  of  Hezron,  the  family  of  the  Hezronites  ;  of  Haniul,  the  family 
of  the  Hamulites  :  -^  these  are  the  families  of  Judah  according  to  those 
that  were  numbered  of  them,  threescore  and  si.xteen  thousand  and  five 
hundred. 

^^  Of  ^the  sons  of  Issachar  after  their  families  : — of  Tola,  the  family 
of  the  Tolaites  ;  of  tPua,  the  family  of  the  Punites  ;  ~'^  of  t  Jashub,  the 
family  of  the  Jashubites ;  of  Shimron,  the  family  of  the  Shimronites : 
-^  these  are  the  families  of  Issachar  according  to  those  that  were  num- 
bered of  them,  threescore  and  four  thousand  and  three  hundred. 

-•^  Of  'the  sons  of  Zebulun  after  their  families  : — of  Sered,  the  family 
of  the  Sardites  ;  of  Elon,  the  family  of  the  Elonites  ;  of  Jahleel,  the 
family  of  the  Jahleelites  :  ^^  these  are  the  families  of  the  Zebulunites 
according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  them,  threescore  thousand 
and  five  hundred. 

^^  The '"sons  of  Joseph  after  their  families  were  Manasseh  and 
Ephraim.  -^  Of  the  sons  of  Manasseh  : — of  'Machir,  the  family  of  the 
Machirites  ;  and  Machir  begat  Gilead ;  of  Gilead  come  the  family  of 
the  Gileadites.  ^°  These  are  the  sons  of  Gilead :  of  'Jeezer,  the  family 
of  the  Jeezerites  ;  of  Helek,  the  family  of  the  Helekites  ;  ^^  and  of  x\sriel, 
the  family  of  the  Asrielitcs  ;  and  of  Shechem,  the  family  of  the  She- 
chemites  ;  ^~  and  of  Shemida,  the  family  of  the  Shemidaites  ;  and  of 
Hepher,  the  family  of  the  Hepherites.  ^^  And  "Zelophehad  tiie  son  of 
Hepher  had  no  sons,  but  daughters  ;  and  the  names  of  the  daughters 
of  Zelophehad  were  Mahlah,  and  Noah,  Hoglah,  Milcah,  and  Tirzah : 
^'^  these  are  the  families  of  Manasseh,  and  those  that  were  numbered 
of  them,  fifty  and  two  thousand  and  seven  hundred. 

^^  These  are  the  sons  of  Ephraim  after  their  families  : — of  Shuthelah, 
the  family  of  the  Shuthalhites  ;  of  "Becher,  the  family  of  the  Bachrites  ; 
of  Tahan,  the  family  of  the  Tahanites  :  ^^and  these  are  the  sons  of 
Shuthelah;  of  Eran,  the  family  of  the  Eranites:  ^7  these  are  the 
families  of  the  sons  of  Ephraim  according  to  those  that  were  numbered 
of  them,  thirty  and  two  thousand  and  five  hundred  :  these  are  the 
sons  of  Joseph  after  their  families. 

^^The  '"sons  of  Benjamin  after  their  families: — of  Bela,  the 
family  of  the  Belaites  ;  of  Ashbel,  the  family  of  the  Ashbelites  ;  of 
""Ahiram,  the  family  of  the  Ahiramites  ;  ^^  of  ^Shupham,  the  family  of 
the  Shuphamites  ;  of  Hupham,  the  family  of  the  Huphamites  :  '^^  and 
the  sons  of  Bela  were  'Ard  and  Naaman  ;  of  Ard,  the  family  of  the 
Ardites  ;  and  of  Naaman,  the  family  of  the  Naamanites  :  ^Uhese  are  the 
sons  of  Benjamin  after  their  families  ;  and  they  that  were  numbered  of 
them  were  forty  and  five  thousand  and  six  hundred. 

■*■-  These  "are  the  sons  of  Dan  after  their  families  : — of  *Shuham,  the 
family  of  the  Shuhamites :  these  are  the  families  of  Dan  after  their 
families:  "^^all  the  families  of  the  Shuhamites,  according  to  those  that 
were  numbered  of  them,  were  threescore  and  four  thousand  and  four 
hundred. 

^^  Of  'the  children  of  Asher  after  their  families : — of  Jimna,  the 
family  of  the  Jimnites  ;  of  Jesui,  the  family  of  the  Jesuites  ;  of  Beriah, 
the  family  of  the  Beriites  :  ^^  of  the  sons  of  Beriah  ;  of  Heber,  the  fam- 
ily of  the  Heberites  ;  of  Malchiel,  the  family  of  the  Malchielites  :  '^^  and 


262 


THE  LAW  OF  INHERITANCE. 


[Period  III. 


d  1  Ch.  7.  13, 

Shallum. 


t  See  Nu.  1.  46. 


/Jos.  11.  23.  & 
14.  1. 

(■  Heb.  multiply 

his  inheritance. 

Nu.  33.  54. 
t  Heb.  diminish 

his  inheritance, 
g  Nu.  34.  13.  Jos. 

11.  23.  &.  14.  2. 


AGe.  46.  11.  Ex. 
6.  16-19.  1  Ch. 
6. 1,  16. 


j  See  Ex.  6.  23. 

iLc.  10. 1,2.  Xu. 
3.  4.  1  Ch.  24.  2. 

I  See  Nu.  3.  39. 

m  Nu.  I.  49. 

nNu.  16.20,23, 
24. 


0  Nu.  i.  De.  2. 
14,  15. 


p  \u.  14.  23,  29. 
1  Co.  ID.  5,  6. 
q  Nu.  14.  30. 


SECT.  LXX. 

A.  M.  2553. 
B.  C.  1451. 
Hales,  1607. 
Abel-shittim 


3  Nu.  23.  33.  Jc 
17.3. 


;Nu.  16.  1,2. 


the  name  of  the  daughter  of  Asher  was  Sarah  :  "*"  these  are  the  famihes 
of  the  sons  of  Asher  according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  them  ; 
who  were  fifty  and  three  thousand  and  four  hundred. 

^^  Of  'the  sons  of  Naphtali  after  their  famihes  : — of  Jahzeel,  the 
family  of  the  Jahzeelites  ;  of  Guni,  the  family  of  the  Gunites ;  ^^  of 
Jezer,  the  family  of  the  Jezerites  ;  of  ''Shillem,  the  family  of  the 
Shillemites  :  '"^  these  are  the  families  of  Naphtali  according  to  their 
families ;  and  they  that  were  numbered  of  them  were  forty  and  five 
thousand  and  four  hundred. 

^^  These  'were  the  numbered  of  the  children  of  Israel,  si.\  hundred 
thousand  and  a  thousand  seven  hundred  and  thirty. 

'"-  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Unto  •'"these  the  land 
shall  be  divided  for  an  inheritance  according  to  the  number  of  names. 
^*  To  many  thou  shalt  fgive  the  more  inheritance,  and  to  few  thou 
shalt  tgive  the  less  inheritance  ;  to  every  one  shall  his  inheritance  be 
given  according  to  those  that  were  numbered  of  him.  '"^  Notwithstand- 
ing the  land  shall  be  "divided  by  lot ;  according  to  the  names  of  tiie 
tribes  of  their  fathers  they  shall  inherit.  ^*^  According  to  the  lot  shall 
the  possession  thereof  be  divided  between  many  and  few." 

^'  And  '' these  are  they  that  were  numbered  of  the  Levites  after  their 
families.  Of  Gershon,  the  family  of  tiie  Gershonites  ;  of  Kohath,  the 
family  of  the  Kohathites  ;  of  Merari.  the  family  of  the  Merarites. 
•''^  These  are  the  families  of  the  Levites  ;  the  family  of  the  Libnites, 
the  family  of  the  Hebronites,  the  family  of  the  Mahlites,  the  family  of 
the  Mushites,  the  family  of  the  Korathites.  And  Kohath  begat  Am- 
ram.  ^^  And  the  name  of  Amram's  wife  was  'Jochebed,  the  daughter 
of  Levi,  whom  her  mother  bare  to  Levi  in  Egypt ;  and  she  bare  unto 
Amram,  Aaron  and  Moses,  and  Miriam  their  sister.  ^^  And  ^unto  Aaron 
was  born  Nadab,  and  Abihu,  Eleazar,  and  Ithamar.  '^^  And  *Nadab 
and  Abihu  died,  when  they  offered  strange  fire  before  the  Lord.  ^~  And 
'those  that  were  numbered  of  them  were  twenty  and  three  thousand, 
all  males  from  a  month  old  and  upward  ;  ""for  they  v.ere  not  numbered 
among  the  children  of  Israel,  because  there  was  "no  inheritance  given 
them  among  the  children  of  Israel. 

^'^  These  are  they  that  were  numbered  by  Moses  and  Eleazar  the 
priest,  who  numbered  the  children  of  Israel  in  the  plains  of  Moab  by 
Jordan  near  Jericho.  ^^  But  "among  these  there  was  not  a  man  of  them 
whom  ]^Ioses  and  Aaron  the  priest  numbered,  when  they  numbered  the 
children  of  Israel  in  the  wilderness  of  Sinai.  ^^  For  the  Lord  had 
said  of  them,  '•  They  ''shall  surely  die  in  the  wilderness."  And  there 
was  not  left  a  man  of  them,  'save  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh,  and 
Joshua  the  son  of  Nun. 

Section    LXX. Tlie  Daiis^htrrs  of  Zdnphehad  sue  for  an  Inheritance; — 

The  IjOW  of  Inheritance. 
Num.  xxvii.  1-11,  and  xx.wi.  1-12. 
Chap,  xxxvi.  1  The  inconvenience  of  the  inheritance  ofdauglders  5  is  remedied  by  marrying  in  their 
own  tribe.<!,  7  le.it  the  inheritance  should  he  removed  from  the  tribe.    10  Tlie  daughters  of  Zelophe- 
had  marry  their  father's  brotliers'  S07ts. 

1  Then  came  the  daughters  of  "Zelophehad,  the  son  of  Hepher,  the 
son  of  Gilead,  the  son  of  Macliir.  the  son  of  Manasseh,  of  the  fami- 
lies of  Manasseh  the  son  of  Joseph  :  and  these  are  the  names  of  his 
daughters;  Mahlah,  Noah,  and  Hoglah,  and  Milcah,  and  Tirzah. 
2  And  they  stood  before  Moses,  and  before  Eleazar  the  priest,  and 
before  the  princes  and  all  the  congregation,  by  the  door  of  the  taber- 
nacle of  the  congregation,  saying,  ^  "  Our  father  'died  in  the  wilder- 
ness, and  he  was  not  in  the  company  of  them  that  gathered  them- 
selves together  against  the  Lord  'in  the  company  of  Korah  ;  but  died 


Part  VIIL] 


THE  LAW  OF  OFFERINGS,  &c. 


263 


*  Heb.  diminished, 
dJos.  17.4. 
e  Ex.  18.  15,  19. 


in  his  own  sin,  and  had  no  sons.  '^  Why  should  the  name  of  our  father 
be  *done  away  from  among  his  family,  because  he  hath  no  son  ? 
''Give  unto  us  therefore  a  possession  among  the  brethren  of  our  father." 
^And  Moses  "brought  their  cause  before  the  Lord. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^ "  The  daughters  of 
Zelophehad  speak  right ;  thou  shalt  surely  give  them  a  possession  of 
an  inheritance  among  their  father's  brethren,  and  thou  shalt  cause  the 
inheritance  of  their  father  to  pass  unto  them.  ^  And  thou  shalt  speak 
unto  the  children  of  Israel,  saying.  If  a  man  die,  and  have  no  son, 
then  ye  shall  cause  his  inheritance  to  pass  unto  his  daugliter.  '-'And 
if  he  have  no  daughter,  then  ye  shall  give  his  inheritance  unto  his 
brethren.  ^'^  And  if  he  have  no  brethren,  then  ye  shall  give  his  inherit- 
ance unto  his  father's  brethren.  ^^  And  if  his  father  have  no  brethren, 
then  ye  shall  give  his  inheritance  unto  his  kinsman  that  is  next  to  him 
of  his  family,  and  he  shall  possess  it ;  and  it  shall  be  unto  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  Aa  statute  of  judgment,  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses." 

^  And  the  chief  fathers  of  the  families  of  the  'children  of  Num.xxxvL 
Gilead,  the  son  of  Machir,  the  son  of  Manasseh,  of  the  fam-  ^~^~- 
ilies  of  the  sons  of  Joseph,  came  near,  and  spake  before  Moses,  and  be- 
fore the  princes,  the  chief  fathers  of  the  children  of  Israel  ;  ~  and  they 
said,  "  The  ''Lord  commanded  my  lord  to  give  the  land  for  an  inherit- 
ance by  lot  to  the  children  of  Israel ;  and  'my  lord  was  commanded  by 
the  Lord  to  give  the  inheritance  of  Zelophehad  our  brother  unto  his 
daughters.  ^  And  if  they  be  married  to  any  of  the  sons  of  the  other 
tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel,  then  shall  their  inheritance  be  taken  from 
the  inheritance  of  our  fathers,  and  shall  be  put  to  the  inheritance  of  the 
t  ueb  unto  whom  (ribe  twhereuuto  they  are  received  ;  so  shall  it  be  taken  from  the  lot 
of  our  inheritance.  ^  And  when  ^the  jubilee  of  the  children  of  Israel 
shall  be,  then  shall  their  inheritance  be  put  unto  the  inheritance  of  the 
tribe  vvhereunto  they  are  received  ;  so  shall  their  inheritance  be  taken 
away  from  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  our  fathers." 

^  And  Moses  commanded  the  children  of  Israel  according  to  tlie 
word  of  the  Lord,  saying,  "  The  tribe  of  the  sons  of  Joseph  hath  said 
well.  ^  This  is  the  thing  which  the  Lord  doth  command  concerning 
the  daughters  of  Zelophehad,  saying,  '  Let  them  tmarry  to  whom  they 
think  best ;  only  to  the  family  of  the  tribe  of  their  father  shall  they 
marry.  ^  So  shall  not  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Israel  remove 
from  tribe  to  tribe  ;  for  every  one  of  the  children  of  Israel  shall  *keep 
hin)self  to  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  his  fathers.  ^  And  ''every 
daughter,  that  possesseth  an  inheritance  in  any  tribe  of  the  children 
of  Israel,  shall  be  wife  unto  one  of  the  family  of  the  tribe  of  her 
father,  that  the  children  of  Israel  may  enjoy  every  man  the  inheritance 
of  his  fathers.  ^  Neither  shall  the  inheritance  remove  from  one  tribe  to 
another  tribe  ;  but  every  one  of  the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel 
shall  keep  himself  to  his  own  inheritance.' " 

^^  Even  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses,  so  did  the  daughters  of 
Zelophehad.  '^For  Mahlah,  Tirzah,  and  Hoglah,  and  Milcah,  and 
Noah,  the  daughters  of  Zelophehad,  were  married  unto  their  father's 
brothers'  sons.  ^'^  And  they  were  married  tinto  the  families  of  the  sons 
of  Manasseh  the  son  of  Joseph,  and  their  inheritance  remained  in  the 
tribe  of  the  family  of  their  father. 


/Nu.  35.  99. 

g  Nu.  25.  29 


h  Nu.  2C.  5 
33.  54. 
i  Jos.  17.  3. 


tlieij  shall  be. 
j  he.  25.  10, 


J  Heb.  be  icives. 


*  Heb.  cleave  t 
the,  ^-c.  1  Ki. 
21.3. 

k  1  Oh.  23.  22. 


f  Heb.  to  some 

that  were  of  Ihe 
families. 


yECT.  LXXI. 

A.  M.  25.53, 
B.C.  1451. 
Hales,  1607. 
Abel-shittira. 


■The  Law  of  Offerings,  Sfi 
xxviii.  and  xxix. 


Section  LXXI.- 

No 

Offerings  are  to  be  observed.     3  The  continual  burnt  ojferina;.    9  The  offering  on  the  Sabbath,  W  on 

"  the  ''new  moons,  IG  at  ihe  Passover.    '2.G  in  the  day  of  Firstfruits .  — Chap.  xxix.  At  the  feast  of 

Trumpets,  7  at  the  dnij  ofafflicling  their  souls,  ]^and  on  the  eight  days  of  the  feast  of  Tabernacles. 

^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  "  "  Command  the  children 


264  THE   LAW  OF  OFFERINGS,  &c.  [Period  III. 

"e^'s"  Ma^i  7 12"  '^^  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  My  offering,  and  "my  bread  for  my  sac- 

*  Heh.  a  savour '  rifices  made  by  fire,  for  *a  sweet  savour  unto  me,  shall  ye  observe  to 
of  my  rest.  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  j^^  the'iY  due  season. 

4  Ex.  29. 38.  3  u  ^j^^j  ^j^Q^  ^\^^\i  gj^y  ^^^q  them,  ''This  is  the  offering  made  by  fire 

which  ye  shall  offer  unto  tlie  Lord  ;  two  lambs  of  the  first  year  without 

tHeh.inaday.     gpgt  fday  by  day,  for  a  continual  burnt  offering.  '^  The  one  lamb  shalt 

\wf'ncnhi^i^.^"'  th^u  offer  in  the  morning,  and  the  other  lamb  shalt  thou  offer  tat  even  ; 
Ex.  12. 6.°        ^and  'a  tenth  part  of  an  ephah  of  flour  for  a  ''meat  offering,  mingled 

cEx.^iG.36.  Nu.  ^^j^j^  ^j^^  fourth  part  of  a  'hin  of  beaten  oil.  "^It  is  -^a  continual  burnt 

dhe.2.  1.  offering,  which  was  ordained  in  Mount  Sinai  for  a  sweet  savour,  a  sac- 

/Ex  29  4-^  See  ^ifice  uiadc  by  fire  unto  the  Lord.  '''  And  the  drink  offering  thereof  shall 
Am.  5. 25.  be  the  fourth  part  of  a  hin  for  the  one  lamb  ;  in  the  holy  place  shalt 
thou  cause  the  strong  wine  to  be  poured  unto  the  Lord  for  a  drink 
offering.  ^  And  the  other  lamb  shalt  thou  offer  at  even  ;  as  the  meat 
offering  of  the  morning,  and  as  the  drink  offering  thereof,  thou  shalt 
offer  it,  a  sacrifice  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord. 

^ "  And  on  the  Sabbath  day  two  lambs  of  the  first  year  without  spot, 
and  two  tenth  deals  of  flour  for  a  meat  offering,  mingled  with  oil,  and 

g^Ez.46.  4.  the  drink  offering  thereof:  ^"  this  °'is  the  burnt  offering  of  every  Sab- 
bath, besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  and  his  drink  offering. 

Vs"a.-2o.5"'ich.  ^^  "  And  "in  the  beginnings  of  your  months  ye  shall  offer  a  burnt  of- 
f ■Ezra3  s'^ive'  ^^ring  unto  the  Lord;  two  young  bullocks,  and  one  ram,  seven  lambs 
10. 33.  u.  i.  13,  of  the  first  year  without  spot ;  '^  and  'three  tenth  deals  of  ffour  for  a 
46!  o.^'iio^.  n.  meat  offering  mingled  with  oil,  for  one   bullock  ;  and  two  tenth   deals 

i  N°i!.'  i5.^ti2.  ^^  ^our  for  a  meat  offering,  mingled  with  oil,  for  one  ram  ;  ^^  and  a  sev- 
eral tenth  deal  of  flour  mingled  with  oil  for  a  meat  offering  unto  one 
lamb  ;  for  a  burnt  offering  of  a  sweet  savour,  a  sacrifice  made  by  fire 
unto  the  Lord.  ^'^  And  their  drink  offerings  shall  be  half  a  hin  of  wine 
unto  a  bullock,  and  the  third  part  of  a  hin  unto  a  ram,  and  the  fourth 
part  of  a  hin  unto  a  lamb  :  this  is  the  burnt  offering  of  every  month 

jNu.  15.24.  throughout  the  months  of  the  year.  ^^And  ^ne  kid  of  the  goats  for  a 
sin  offering  unto  the  Lord  shall  be  offered,  besides  the  continual  burnt 
offering,  and  his  drink  offering. 

/cSoeEx.  12.6,        16  u\^^^}^  l^■^^^  ^jj^  fourteenth  day  of  the  first  month  is  the  Passover  of 

I  he.  23. 6.  the  Lord.  ^^  And  'in  the  fifteenth  day  of  this  month  is  the  feast ;  seven 

mEx.  12. 16.  ^jg^yg  gjij^ii  unleavened  bread  be  eaten.  '^  Li  '"the  first  day  shall  be  a 
holy  convocation  ;  ye  shall  do  no  manner  of  servile  work  therein.  ''•*  But 
ye  shall  offer  a  sacrifice  made  by  fire  for  a  burnt  offering  unto  the  Lord  ; 
two  young  bullocks,  and  one  ram,  and  seven  lambs  of  the  first  year ; 

\^%^-^°-^°-  "they  shall  be  unto  you  without  blemish.  -"And  their  meat  offering 
shall  be  of  flour  mingled  with  oil  :  three  tenth  deals  shall  ye  offer  for  a 
bullock,  and  two  tenth  deals  for  a  ram  ;  -^  a  several  tenth  deal  shalt  thou 
offer  for  every  lamb,  throughout  the  seven  lambs.  ^-  And  one  goat  for 
a  sin  offering,  to  make  an  atonement  for  you.  ~^  Ye  shall  offer  these 
besides  the  burnt  offering  in  the  morning,  which  is  for  a  continual  burnt 
offering.  -^  After  this  manner  ye  shall  offer  daily,  throughout  the  seven 
days,  the  meat  of  the  sacrifice  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the 
Lord  :   it  shall  be  offered  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  and  his 

"^'^'a^^'^'^'"'  ('link  offering.  -'And  "on  the  seventh  day  ye  shall  have  a  holy  con- 
vocation ;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work. 

^23''io"^i5.%^''        ^"  "  A'^o  ''"  t''<-'  ^^^y  ^f  ^^^^  Firstfruits,  when  ye  bring  a  new  meat 

16!  10.' Ac.  2.  1.  offering  unto  the  Lord,  after  your  weeks  be   out,  ye  shall  have  a  holy 

convocation  ;  ye  shall  do  no  servile  work.  ~^  But  ye  shall  offer  the  burnt 

j^see  Le.  23. 18,  offering  for  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord  ;  'two  young  bullocks,  one 
ram,  seven  lambs  of  the  first  year;  ^-^and  their  meat  offering  of  flour 
mingled  with  oil,  three  tenth  deals  unto  one  bullock,  two  tenth  deals 
unto  one  ram,  -"  a  several  tenth  deal  unto  one  lamb,  throughout  the 


Part  VIIL]  THE  LAW  OF  OFFERINGS,  &c.  265 

seven  lambs ;  ^^  and  one  kid  of  the  goats,  to  make  an  atonement  for 
you.  2^  Ye  shall  offer  them  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  and  his 
meat  offering,  (they  shall  be  unto  you  without  blemish,)  and  their  drink 
offerings. 

^  "  And  in  the  seventh  month,  on  the  first  day  of  the  month,  Num.  xxix. 
ye  shall   have   a  holy  convocation  ;  ye  shall   do   no   servile 

r  Le.  23. 24.  work  ;  '^it  is  a  day  of  blowing  the  trumpets  unto  you.  ^  And  ye  shall 
offer  a  burnt  offering  for  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord  ;  one  young- 
bullock,  one  ram,  and  seven  lambs  of  the  first  year  without  blemish. 
^  And  their  meat  offering  shall  be  of  flour  mingled  with  oil,  three  tenth 
deals  for  a  bullock,  and  two  tenth  deals  for  a  ram,  '^  and  one  tenth  deal 
for  one  lamb,  throughout  the  seven  lambs  ;  ^  and  one  kid  of  the  goats 
for  a  sin  offering,  to  make  an  atonement  for  you.  ^  Besides  the  burnt 
offering  of  the  month,  and  his  meat  offering,  and  the  daily  burnt  offering, 

a  Nu.  15. 11, 12.  and  his  meat  ottering,  and  their  drink  offerings,  'according  unto  their 
manner,  for  a  sweet  savour,  a  sacrifice  made  by  fire  unto  the  Lord. 

tLe.]6.29.&23.       7u  ^„jj  t^^  gj^^^H  |^g^^,g   ^j^  ^j^g   ^gj^jj^  ^jg^y  ^f  tj^js  seventh  month  a 

u  Ps.  35. 13.  Is.    holy  convocation  ;  and  ye  shall  "afflict  your  souls  :  ye  shall  not  do  any 
^'^'  work  therein.  ®But  ye  shall  offer  a  burnt  offering  unto  the  Lord  for  a 

sweet  savour ;  one  young  bullock,  one  ram,  and  seven  lambs  of  the 
first  year  ;  they  shall  be  unto  you  without  blemish.  '•*  And  their  meat 
offering  shall  be  of  flour  mingled  with  oil,  three  tenth  deals  to  a  bullock, 
and  two  tenth  deals  to  one  ram,  ^'^  a  several  tenth  deal  for  one  lamb, 
throughout  the  seven  lambs.   '^  One  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering  ; 

V  Le.  16. 3, 5.  .besidcs  "the  sin  offering  of  atonement,  and  the  continual  burnt  offering, 
and  the  meat  offering  of  it,  and  their  drink  offerings. 

"'i6^i3^'Ef.'45.^'       ^"  "  ^"*^  "on  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  seventh  month  ye  shall  have  a 
25-  holy  convocation  ;  ye  shall   do  no   servile  work,  and   ye  shall   keep   a 

X  Ezra  3. 4.  fg^g^  ^^jj^^  tiic  LoRD  scvcu  days.  ^=^  Aud  ""ye  shall  offer  a  burnt  offering, 
a  sacrifice  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord  ;  thirteen 
young  bullocks,  two  rams,  and  fourteen  lambs  of  the  first  year  ;  they 
shall  be  without  blemish.  ^^  And  their  meat  offering  shall  be  of  flour 
mingled  with  oil,  three  tenth  deals  unto  every  bullock  of  the  thirteen 
bullocks,  two  tenth  deals  to  each  ram  of  the  two  rams,  '^and  a  several 
tenth  deal  to  each  lamb  of  the  fourteen  lambs.  ^"^  And  one  kid  of  the 
goats  for  a  sin  offering  ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  his  meatof- 
fering, and  his  drink  offering. 

^'' "  And  on  the  second  day  ye  shall  offer  twelve  young  bullocks,  two 
rams,  fourteen  lambs  of  the  first  year  without  spot.  ^^  And  their  meat 
offering  and  their  drink  offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for 

y  ^"-  '5-  ^2-  the  lambs,  shall  be  according  to  their  number,  ^after  the  manner.  ^^  And 
one  kid  of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  of- 
fering, and  the  meat  offering  thereof,  and  their  drink  offerings. 

^^ "  And  on  the  third  day  eleven  bullocks,  two  rams,  fourteen  lambs 
of  the  first  year  without  blemish.  ^^  And  their  meat  offering  and  their 
drink  offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for  the  lambs,  shall 
be  according  to  their  number,  after  the  manner.  ^~  And  one  goat  for 
a  sin  offering  ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  and  his  meat  offer- 
ing, and  his  drink  offering. 

^'•^ "  And  on  the  fourth  day  ten  bullocks,  two  rams,  and  fourteen 
lambs  of  the  first  year  without  blemish.  ^^  Their  meat  offering  and 
their  drink  offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for  the  lambs, 
shall  be  according  to  their  number,  after  the  manner.  ^^  And  one  kid 
of  the  goats  for  a  sin  offering  ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  his 
meat  offering,  and  his  drink  offering. 

-^  "  And   on   the  fifth  day  nine   bullocks,  two  rams,  and   fourteen 
lambs  of  the  first  year  without  spot.  ^^  And   their  meat  offering  and 
VOL.  I.  34  w 


266  THE  LAW  OF  VOWS'.  [Period  IIL 

their  drink  offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for  the  lambs, 
shall  be  according  to  their  number,  after  the  manner.  ^'^  And  one  goat 
for  a  sin  offering ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  and  his  meat 
offering,  and  his  drink  offering. 

2^ "  And  on  the  sixth  day  eight  bullocks,  two  rams,  and  fourteen 
lambs  of  the  first  year  without  blemish.  ^^  And  their  meat  offering  and 
their  drink  offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for  the  lambs, 
shall  be  according  to  their  number,  after  the  manner.  ^^  And  one  goat 
for  a  sin  offering  ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  his  meat  offer- 
ing, and  his  drink  offering. 

^  "  And  on  the  seventh  day  seven  bullocks,  two  rams,  and  fourteen 
lambs  of  the  first  year  without  blemish.  ^^  And  their  meat  offering  and 
their  drink  offerings  for  the  bullocks,  for  the  rams,  and  for  the  lambs, 
shall  be  according  to  their  number,  after  the  manner.  ^'^  And  one  goat 
for  a  sin  offering  ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  offering,  his  meat  offer- 
ing, and  his  drink  offering. 

iLe.23.36.  35  u  Qjj  ^\^q  eighth  day  ye  shall  have  a  ^solemn  assembly  :  ye  shall 

do  no  servile  work  therein.  ^^  But  ye  shall  ofter  a  burnt  offering,  a 
sacrifice  made  by  fire,  of  a  sweet  savour  unto  the  Lord  :  one  bullock, 
one  ram,  seven  lambs  of  the  first  year  without  blemish.  ^"  Their  meat 
offering  and  their  drink  offerings  for  the  bullock,  for  the  ram,  and  for 
the  lambs,  shall  be  according  to  their  number,  after  the  manner.  ^^  And 
one  goat  for  a  sin  offering ;  besides  the  continual  burnt  oftering,  and 
his  meat  offering,  and  his  drink  offering. 
Or,  offer.  39  n  xhose  things   ye  shall  *do  unto  the   Lord  in    your  "set  feasts, 

besides  ''your  vows,  and  your  freewill  ofterings,  for  your  burnt  offerings, 
and  for  your  meat  offerings,  and  for  your  drink  offerings,  and  for  your 

bL7i.\i,'ifi^sc  peace  offerings."  '"'And  Moses  told  the  children   of  Israel   according 


a  Le.  23.  2.  1  Ch, 
23.31.  2Ch.  31, 
3.  Ezra  3.  5.  Ne, 
10.  33.  Is.  1 


22.  21, 


to  all  that  the  Lord  commanded  Moses 


SECT.  Lxxii.  Section  LXXII. — TJie  Law  of  Vows. 

Num.  XXX. 

A.  M.  2552. 

B.  C.  1452.         Vows  are  not  to  be  broken.    3  The  exception  of  a  niaiiVs  roxo.     6  Of  a  inje's.     D  Uf  a  widow's,  or 
Hales,  1607.  ''^'-  ''""  »*  (H^-orced. 

Abei-siiittim.         1  jI^jjp  Moses   spakc  unto  "the  heads  of  the   tribes  concerning  the 
.   children  of  Israel,  saying,  "  This  is  the  thing  which  the  Lord  hath 

a  Nu.  1.  4,   16.  &  ,      ,       _  ^„   '         J       !D'  ^        ,1  T  <■ 

7. 2.  commanded.  -  If  ''a  man  vow   a  vow  unto   the   Lord,  or   swear  an 

^■j^Pjun.^ao  oath  to  bind  his  soul  with  a  bond  ;  he   shall  not  'break  his  word,  he 

35;ec.5.'4.'    '  ghall  ''do  according  to  all  that  proceedeth  out  of  his  mouth. 

"if.'d^M.^^.^'i.       ^  "  If  a  woman  also  vow  a  vow  unto  the  Lord,  and  bind  herself  by 

*  Hob.  profane.     ^  boud,  bciug  iu  her  father's  house  in  her  youth  ;  ''and  her  father  hear 

d /ob  22.^27.  Ps.    her  VOW,  and  her  bond  wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul,  and  her 

&'66?'i3;'i4:&'  father  shall  hold  his  peace  at  her;  then  all  her  vows  sliall  stand,  and 

Nah^i'is'         every  bond  wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  .soul  shall   stand.  ^  But   if 

her   father  disallow  her  in  the  day  that  he    heareth,  not   any  of  her 

vows,  or  of  her  bonds  wherewith  she  hath  bound  her  soul,  shall  stand : 

and  the   Lord  shall   forgive   her,  because   her  father  disallowed  lier. 

^  And  if  she  had  at  all  a  husband,  when  tshe  vowed,  or  uttered  aught 

^wete'u^X!    out  of  her  lips,  wherewith   she  bound   her   soul ;  '  and   her  husband 

P3. 56. 12.         i^gj^^^j  jt^  j^^^i  jjel(l  i^is  peace  at  her  in  the  day  that  he  heard  it ;  then 

her  vows  shall  stand,  and  her  bonds  wherewith   she   bound   her  soul 

eSeeGe.3. 16.     shall  staud.  **  But  if  her  husband  'disallowed  heron   the   day  that  he 

heard  it,  then  he   shall  make  her  vow  which   she  vowed,  and  that 

which  she  uttered  with   her  lips,  wherewith   she   bound   her   soul,  of 

none  effect :  and  the  Lord  shall  forgive  her. 

9 "  But  every  vow  of  a  widow,  and  of  her  that  is  divorced,  where- 
with they  have  bound  their  souls,  shall  stand  against  her.  ^^  And   if 


Part  VIII.] 


THE  SPOILING  OF  MIDIAN. 


261 


SECT.  LXXIII. 

A.  M.  2553. 

B.  C.  1451. 

Hales,  J607. 

Midian. 

a  Nu.  25.  17. 
b  Nu.  27. 13. 


*  Heb.  ^  thousand 
of  a  tribe,  a 
thousand  of  a 
tnbe. 


d  De.  20.  13.  Ju. 

21.  11.  1  Sa.  27. 

9.  1  Ki.  U.  15, 

16. 
e  See  Ju.  6.  1,  2, 

33. 
/Jos.  13.  21. 


13. 


t  Heb.  host  of 

war. 
i  See  De.  20.  13. 

1  Sa.  15.  3. 
j  Nu.  25.  2. 

k  Nu.  24.  14. 

2  Pe.  2.  15.  Re- 
2.  14. 

I  Nu.  25.  9. 
m  Ju.  21.  11. 
X  Heb.  ffl  male. 


she  vowed  in  her  husband's  house,  or  bound  her  soul  by  a  bond  with 
an  oath ;  ^^  and  her  husband  heard  it,  and  held  his  peace  at  her,  and 
disallowed  her  not ;  then  all  her  vows  shall  stand,  and  every  bond 
wherewith  she  bound  her  soul  shall  stand.  ^'^  But  if  her  husband  hath 
utterly  made  them  void  on  the  day  he  heard  them,  then  whatsoever 
proceeded  out  of  her  lips  concerning  her  vows,  or  concerning  the 
bond  of  her  soul,  shall  not  stand :  her  husband  hath  made  them  void, 
and  the  Lord  shall  forgive  her. 

13  a  Every  vow,  and  every  binding  oath  to  afflict  the  soul,  her  hus- 
band may  establish  it,  or  her  husband  may  make  it  void.  ^"^  But  if  her 
husband  altogether  hold  his  peace  at  her  from  day  to  day,  then  he 
establisheth  all  her  vows,  or  all  her  bonds,  which  are  upon  her  ;  he 
confirmeth  them,  because  he  held  his  peace  at  her  in  the  day  that  he 
heard  them.  ^^  But  if  he  shall  any  ways  make  them  void  after  that  he 
hath  heard  them ;  then  he  shall  bear  her  iniquity." 

^6  These  are  the  statutes,  which  the  Lord  commanded  Moses, 
between  a  man  and  his  wife,  between  the  father  and  his  daughter, 
being  yet  in  her  youth  in  her  father's  house. 

Sect.  LXXIII. The  Spoiling  of  Midian. 

Num.  xxxi. 

77(6  Midianites  are  spoiled,  and  Balaam-  slain.  13  Moses  is  wroth  with  the  officers  for  saving  the 
wonien  alive.  19  How  the  soldiers,  with  their  captives  and  spoil,  are  to  be  purified.  25  Thf  pro- 
portion whereby  the  prey  is  to  be  divided.  48  Tlie  voluntary  oblation  unto  the  treasury  of  the  Lord. 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^  "  Avenge  "the  children 
of  Israel  of  the  Midianites ;  afterward  shalt  thou  'be  gathered  unto 
thy  people." 

3 And  Moses  spake  unto  the  people,  saying,  "Arm  some  of 
yourselves  unto  the  war,  and  let  them  go  against  the  Midianites,  and 
avenge  the  Lord  of  Midian.  ^  *Of  every  tribe  a  thousand,  throughout 
all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  shall  ye  send  to  the  war."  ^  So  there  were 
delivered  out  of  the  thousands  of  Israel,  a  thousand  of  every  tribe, 
twelve  thousand  armed  for  war.  ^  And  Moses  sent  them  to  the  war,  a 
thousand  of  every  tribe,  them  and  Phinehas  the  son  of  Eleazar  the 
priest,  to  the  war,  with  the  holy  instruments,  and  'the  trumpets  to 
blow  in  his  hand.  ''  And  they  warred  against  the  Midianites,  as  the 
Lord  commanded  Moses;  -"and  they  slew  all  the  'males.  ^And  they 
slew  the  kings  of  Midian,  besides  the  rest  of  them  that  were  slain  ; 
namely,  ^Evi,  and  Rekem,  and  Zur,  and  Hur,  and  Reba,  five  kings  of 
Midian  ;  ^Balaam  also  the  son  of  Beor  they  slew  with  the  sword. 
9  And  the  children  of  Israel  took  all  the  women  of  Midian  captives, 
and  their  little  ones,  and  took  the  spoil  of  all  their  cattle,  and  all  their 
flocks,  and  all  their  goods.  ^^  And  they  burnt  all  their  cities  wherein 
they  dwelt,  and  all  their  goodly  castles,  with  fire.  ^^  And  'they  took 
all  the  spoil,  and  all  the  prey,  both  of  men  and  of  beasts.  ^^  And  they 
brought  the  captives,  and  the  prey,  and  the  spoil,  unto  Moses,  and 
Eleazar  the  priest,  and  unto  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
unto  the  camp  at  the  plains  of  Moab,  which  are  by  Jordan  near  Jericho 

13  And  Moses,  and  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  all  the  princes  of  the 
congregation,  went  forth  to  meet  them  without  the  camp.  ^'^  And  Moses 
was  wroth  with  the  officers  of  the  host,  with  the  captains  over  thou- 
sands, and  captains  over  hundreds,  which  came  from  the  fbattle.  ^^  And 
Moses  said  unto  them,  "  Have  ye  saved  *all  the  women  alive  ?  ^^  Behold, 
^these  caused  the  children  of  Israel,  through  the  ^counsel  of  Balaam, 
to  commit  trespass  against  the  Lord  in  the  matter  of  Peor,  and  'there 
was  a  plague  among  the  congregation  of  the  Lord.  ^^  Now  therefore 
"'kill  every  male  among  the  little  ones,  and  kill  every  woman  that  hath 
known  man  by  lying  with  thim.  ^^  But  all  the  women  children,  that 


268  THE  SPOILING  OF  MIDIAN.  [Period  III. 

have  not  known  a  man  by  lying  with   him,  keep  ahve  for  yourselves, 
n  Nu.  5. 2.  19  ^j^^j  "^Jq  yg  abide  without  the  camp  seven  days  ;  whosoever  hath  killed 

oNu.  19.  11,  &c.  any  person,  and  "whosoever  hatii  touched  any  slain,  purify  both  your- 
selves and  your  captives  on  the  third  day,  and  on   the   seventh  day. 
*S^v'^^d7f"^'  ^^  And  purify  all  your  raiment,  and  all  *that   is  made  of  skins,  and  all 
skins.  work  of  goats'  hair,  and  all  things  made  of  wood." 

^^  And  Eleazar  the  priest  said  unto  the  men  of  war  which  went  to 
the  battle,  "  This  is  the  ordinance  of  the  law  which  the  Lord  com- 
manded Moses  ;  ^^only  the  gold,  and  the  silver,  the  brass,  the  iron,  the 
tin,  and  the  lead,  ^^  every  thing  that  may  abide  the  fire,  ye  shall  make  it 
go  through  the  fire,  and  it  shall  be  clean,  (nevertheless  it  shall  be  puri- 
j)  Nu.  19. 9, 17.  fied  ^with  the  water  of  separation  ;)  and  all  that  abideth  not  the  fire 
8  Le.  11.25.  ye  shall  make  go  through  the  water,  ~^  And  'ye  shall  wash  your  clothes 
on  the  seventh  day,  and  ye  shall  be  clean,  and  afterward  ye  shall  come 
into  the  camp." 

2^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ~*^  "  Take  the  sum  of  the 

tHeb.  o/tAe  cap-  prey  tthat  was  taken,  both  of  man  and  of  beast,  thou,  and  Eleazar  the 

rl'os!'22. 8.  ]  sa.  pncst,  and  the  chief  fathers  of  the  congregation.  ^^  And 'divide  the 

30.4.  pj-ey  into  two  parts  ;  between  them  that  took  the  war  upon  them,  who 

went  out  to  battle,  and  between  all  the  congregation.  ^^  And  levy  a 

tribute  unto  the  Lord  of  the  men  of  war  which  went  out  to  battle  ; 

*Nu.  18.26.        ^Q,^g  gQu]  of  five  hundred,  both  of  the  persons,  and  of  the  beeves,  and 

of  the  asses,  and  of  the  sheep  ;  ~^  take  it  of  their  half,  and  give  it  unto 

Eleazar  the  priest,  for  a   heave   offering  of  the  Lord.  ^°  And  of  the 

children  of  Israel's  half,  thou  shalt  take  one  portion  of  fifty,  of  the  per- 

XOt,  goai^.         sons,  of  the  beeves,  of  the  asses,  and  of  the  tflocks,  of  all   manner  of 

t  Nu.  3. 7, 8, 25,    beasts,  and  give  them  unto  the  Levites,  'which  keep  the  charge  of  the 

31, 36.  &  18. 3,    tabernacle  of  the  Lord."  ^^  And  Moses  and  Eleazar   the  priest  did  as 

the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

^2  And  the  booty,  being  the  rest  of  the  prey  which  the  men  of  war 
had  caught,  was  six  hundred  thousand  and  seventy  thousand  and  five 
thousand  sheep,  ^^  and  threescore  and  twelve  thousand  beeves,  ^^  and 
threescore  and  one  thousand  asses,  ^^  and  thirty  and  two  thousand  per- 
sons in  all,  of  women  that  had  not  known  man  by  lying  with  him. 

^^  And  the  half,  which  was  the  portion  of  them  that  went  out  to  war, 
was  in  number  three  hundred  thousand  and  seven  and  thirty  thousand 
and  five  hundred  sheep  ;  ^'^  and  the  Lord's  tribute  of  the  sheep  was 
six  hundred  and  threescore  and  fifteen.  =^^And  the  beeves  were  thirty 
and  six  thousand ;  of  which  the  Lord's  tribute  was  threescore  and 
twelve.  3^ And  the  asses  were  thirty  thousand  and  five  hundred;  of 
which  the  Lord's  tribute  was  threescore  and  one.  '^^^  And  the  persons 
were  sixteen  thousand  ;  of  which  the  Lord's  tribute  was  thirty  and  two 
persons.  ^^  And  Moses  gave  the  tribute,  which  was  the  Lord's  heave 
« See  nq.  18.8,  offering,  unto  Eleazar  the  priest,  "as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 
'^-  42  A„d  of  tjje  children  of  Israel's  half,  which  Moses  divided  from  the 

men  that  warred,  '*^  (now  the  half  that  pertained  unlo  the  congregation 
was  three  hundred  thousand  and  thirty  thousand  and  seven  thousand 
and  five  hundred  sheep,  '*^and  thirty  and  six  thousand  beeves,  "^and 
thirty  thousand  asses  and  five  hundred,  "*''  and  sixteen  thousand  per- 
sons ;)  47  even  of  the  children  of  Israel's  half,  Moses  took  one  portion 
of  fifty,  both  of  man  and  of  beast,  and  gave  them  unto  the  Levites, 
which  kept  the  charge  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  Lord  ;  as  the  Lord 
commanded  Moses. 

^^  And  the  officers  which  were  over  thousands  of  the  host,  the  cap- 
tains of  thousands,  and  captains  of  hundreds,  came  near  unto  Moses. 
4'J  And  they  said  unto  Moses,  "  Thy  servants  have  taken   the   sum  of 
*  Heb.  hand.        the  mcu  of  War  which  are  under  our  *charge,  and   there   lacketh   not 


Part  VIII.]  TERRITORIES  GIVEN  TO  REUBEN  AND   GAD.  269 

one  man  of  us.  ^^  We  have  therefore  brought  an  oblation  for  the  Lord, 
^Heb.  found.  what  cvory  man  hath  tgotten,  of  jewels  of  gold,  chains,  and  bracelets, 
I- Ex.  30. 12, 16.  rings,  earrings,  and  tablets,  "to  make  an  atonement  for  our  souls  before 
the  Lord,"  ^^  And  Moses  and  Eleazar  the  priest  took  the  gold  of  them, 
%ueb. heave  evou  all  vvrought  jcwcls.  ^~And  all  the  gold  of  the  toftering  that  they 
oiermg.  offered  up  to  the  Lord,  of  the  captains  of  thousands,  and  of  the  cap- 

tains of  hundreds,  was  sixteen    thousand    seven    hundred    and    fifty 
wUe.w.  14.       shekels.  ^^  (For  ""the  men  of  war  had  taken  spoil,  every  man  for  him- 
self.) ^^  And  Moses  and  Eleazar  the  priest  took  the  gold   of  the   cap- 
tains of  thousands  and  of  hundreds,  and  brought  it  into  the  tabernacle 
X  Ex.  30. 16.        of  the  congregation,  ^for  a  memorial  for  the  children  of  Israel  before 

the  Lord. 

SECT.  Lxxiv.        Section  LXXIV. —  The  Tribes  of  Reuben  and  of  Gael  are  assigned 

their  Territories. 

A.  M.  2552.  Num.  xxxii. 

H  '  ^     ^^■^         -^^'^  Reubenites  and  Gadites  sue  for  their  inheritance  on  that  side  Jordan.     6  Moses  reproveih  them. 

Hales,  1607.  jg  yy^^^  ^j-^^  j^^^^^  conditions  to  his  content.  33  Moses  assin-neth  them  the  land.  39  They  conquer  it. 

Abei-shittim.         1  ^^^  ^j^g  children  of  Reuben  and  the^children  of  Gad  had  a  very 

oNu  21  32. Jos.  gi'es^t  multitude  of  cattle;  and  when  they  saw  the  land  of  "Jazer,  and 

°Ki.  25. 2  si  24."  the  land  of  Gilead,  that,  behold,  the  place  was  a  place  for  cattle ;  ^the 

children  of  Gad  and  the  children  of  Reuben  came   and   spake   unto 

Moses,  and  to  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  unto  the  princes  of  the  congre- 

6  ver.  36,  Be(A-     oatiou,  sayiug,  "^  "  Ataroth,  and  Dibon,  and   Jazer,  and  ''Nimrah,  and 

c  vet.  Z8,  shib-     Ileshbon,  and  Elealeh,  and  "Shebam,  and  Nebo,  and  ''Beon,  ^even  the 

dT*  33  Baal      couutry  Vhich  the  Lord  smote  before  the  congregation  of  Israel,  is  a 

meoii.  '  land  for  cattle,  and  thy  servants  have  cattle.  ^  Wherefore,"  said  they, 

e  Nu.  21. 24, 34.    <' jf  ^e  liavo  fouud  grace  in  thy  sight,  let  this  land  be  given  unto  thy 

servants  for  a  possession,  and  bring  us  not  over  Jordan." 

^  And  Moses  said  unto  the  children  of  Gad  and  to  the  children  of 
Reuben,  "  Shall  your  brethren  go  to  war,  and  shall  ye  sit  here  ?  '''  And 
wherefore  *discourage  ye  the  heart  of  the  children  of  Israel  from  going 
over  into  the  land  which  the  Lord  hath  given  them  ?  ^  Thus  did  your 
fathers,  -^when  I  sent  them  from  Kadesh-barnea  ^to  see  the  land.  ^  For 
''when  they  went  up  unto  the  valley  of  Eshcol,  and  saw  the  land,  they 
discouraged  the  heart  of  the  children  of  Israel,  that  they  should  not  go 
into  the  land  which  the  Lord  had  given  them.  ^^  And  'the  Lord's  an- 
ger was  kindled  the  same  time,  and  he  sware,  saying,  ^^ '  Surely  none 
of  the  men  that  came  up  out  of  Egypt,  ^from  twenty  years  old  and  up- 
ward, shall  see  '■the  land  which  I  sware  unto  Abraham,  unto  Isaac,  and 
unto  Jacob  ;  'because  they  have  not  twholly  followed  me  :  ^^  save  Caleb 
the  son  of  Jephunneh  the  Kenezite,  and  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  ;  "'for 
they  have  wholly  followed  the  Lord.'  ^''And  the  Lord's  anger  was 
kindled  against  Israel,  and  he  made  them  "wander  in  the  wilderness 
forty  years,  "until  all  the  generation,  that  had  done  evil  in  the  sight  of 
the  Lord,  was  consumed.  ^"^  And,  behold !  ye  are  risen  up  in  your 
fathers'  stead,  an  increase  of  sinful  men,  to  augment  yet  the  ^fierce  an- 
ger of  the  Lord  toward  Israel.  ^^  For  if  ye  'turn  away  from  after  him, 
he  will  yet  again  leave  them  in  the  wilderness ;  and  ye  shall  destroy 
all  this  people." 

^^  And  they  came  near  unto  him,  and  said,  "  We  will  build  sheep- 
r  Jos.  4. 12, 13.  folds  hcrc  for  our  cattle,  and  cities  for  our  little  ones.  ^^But  '^we  our- 
selves will  go  ready  armed  before  the  children  of  Israel,  until  we  have 
brought  them  unto  their  place ;  and  our  little  ones  shall  dwell  in  the 
sJo9.  ^.  4.  fenced  cities  because  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  land.  '^^  We  %vill  not 
return  unto  our  houses,  until  the  children  of  Israel  have  inherited  every 
man  his  inheritance.  ^'-^  For  we  will  not  inherit  with  them  on  yonder 
tjos.  12. 1. &  side  Jordan,  or  forward;  'because  our  inheritance  is  fallen  to  us  on 
this  side  Jordan  eastward." 


*  Heb.  In-eak. 

/Nu. 

13.  3,  26. 

^De 

1.22. 

AXu 
De. 

13.  24,  31. 

i  Nu. 

14.11,21. 

jNu. 

14.  28,  29. 

A  See 

Ge.  12.  7. 

ZNu. 

14.  24,  30. 

t  Heh., falfilU'l 
after  me. 

mNi 
Jos. 

.  14.  24. 
14.  8,  9. 

TtXu 

14.  3:^35. 

0  Xii 

26.  64,  6.-). 

pDe 

1.34. 

q  De.  30.  17.  Jos 
22. 16,  18.  2  Oh. 
7.  19.&  15.2. 

13.8. 


V  De.  3.  20.  Job. 
11.  23.  &  18.  1. 

w  Jos.  22.  4. 

X  De.  3.  12,  15, 
16,  18.  Jos.  ]. 
15.  &.  13.  8,  32. 

«  Ge.  4.  7.  &  44. 
16.  Is.  59.  12. 

270  LAWS  FOR  THE  CONDUCT  [Period  III. 

uDe.  3. 18.  ^'^  And  "Moses  said  unto  them,  ''  If  ye  will  do  this  thing,  if  ye  will 

go  armed  before  the  Lord  to  war,  ~^  and  will  go  all  of  you  armed  over 
Jordan  before  the  Lord,  until  he  hath  driven  out  his  enemies  from 
before  him,  —  and  "the  land  be  subdued  before  the  Lord  ;  then  after- 
ward "ye  shall  return,  and  be  guiltless  before  the  Lord,  and  before 
Israel,  ""and  this  land  shall  be  your  possession  before  the  Lord.  ^^  But 
if  ye  will  not  do  so,  behold,  ye  have  sinned  against  the  Lord  ;  and  be 
sure  ''your  sin  will  find  you  out !  ~'^  Build  you  cities  for  your  little  ones, 
and  folds  for  your  sheep ;  and  do  that  which  hath  proceeded  out  of 
your  mouth." 

2^  And  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  children  of  Reuben  spake  unto 

Moses,  saying,  "  Thy  servants  will  do  as  my  lord  commandeth.  -''  Our 

sjos.  1. 14.         ''little  ones,  our  wives,  our  flocks,  and  all  our  cattle,  shall  be  there  in 

ajos.  4. 12,        the  cities  of  Gilead  ;  ^^  but  "thy  servants  will  pass  over,  every  man 

armed  for  war,  before  the  Lord  to  battle,  as  my  lord  saith." 
b  Jos.  1. 13.  28  gQ  ''concerning  them   Moses  commanded  Eleazar  the  priest,  and 

Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  the  chief  fathers  of  the  tribes  of  the 
children  of  Israel.  ~^  And  Moses  said  unto  them,  "  If  the  children  of 
Gad  and  the  children  of  Reuben  will  pass  with  you  over  Jordan,  every 
man  armed  to  battle,  before  the  Lord,  and  the  land  shall  be  subdued 
before  you ;  then  ye  shall  give  them  the  land  of  Gilead  for  a  posses- 
sion. ^'^  But  if  they  will  not  pass  over  with  you  armed,  they  shall  have 
possessions  among  you  in  the  land  of  Canaan."  ^'  And  the  children  of 
Gad  and  the  children  of  Reuben  answered,  saying,  "  As  the  Lord 
hath  said  unto  thy  servants,  so  will  we  do.  ^^  We  will  pass  over  armed 
before  the  Lord  into  the  land  of  Canaan,  that  the  possession  of  our 
inheritance  on  this  side  Jordan  may  be  ours." 
cDe.  3. 12-17.  ^^  And  "Moscs  gave  unto  them,  even  to   the  children  of  Gad,  and 

to  the  children  of  Reuben,  and  unto  half  the  tribe  of  Manasseh  the 
dNu.  21.  24,  33,  son  of  Joseph,  ''the  kingdom  of  Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites,  and  the 
^'  kingdom  of  Og  king  of  Bashan,  the   land,  with  the  cities   thereof  in 

^nT'o^sfi^'  ^^    ^^^  coasts,  even  the  cities  of  the  country  round  about. 

And  the  children  of  Gad  built  'Dibon,  and  Ataroth,  and  ■'^Aroer, 
mmrah.  35  g^^j  Atroth,  Shopliau,  and  "  Jaazer,  and  Jogbehah,  ^'^and  ''Beth-nim- 
yu.'ie.'u'  rah,  and  Beth-haran,  fenced  cities  ;  and  folds  for  sheep.  ^"  And  thei 
ftNu.  22.41.  children  of  Reuben  'built  Heshbon,  and  Elealeh,  and  Kirjathaim, 
^isAXJof.^'ii.  "^^and^Nebo,  and  ^Baal-meon,  (their  'names  being  changed,)  and  Shib- 
X  Heb.  tiiey  called  n^iah  ;  and  Igave  other  names  unto  the  cities  which  they  builded.  ^^  And 
ilml^ofthl  the  children  of '"Machir  the  son  of  Manasseh  went  to  Gilead,  and  took 
moTso  23.  it'  ^"^'  dispossessed  the  Amorite  which  was  in  it.  '^^  And  Moses  "gave 
n  De.  3. 12, 13,  Gilead  unto  Machir  the  son  of  Manasseh ;  and  he  dwelt  therein.  "^^  And 
&i7?'i.'^'^^'  "Jair  the  son  of  Manasseh  went  and  took  the  small  towns  thereof,  and 
oDe.3. 14.  called  them  'llavoth-jair.  "*- And  Nobah  went  and  took  Kenath,  and 
pju.  10.4.  ^j^g  villages  thereof,  and  called  it  Nobah,  after  his  own  name. 


/•Do.  2.  36, 

g  ver.  1,  3,  Jazer. 


SECT.  Lxxv.    Section    LXXV. Laws  for  the  Conduct  of  the  Israelites  after  they  have 

taken  possession  of  Canaan. 


•  M.  2.5.52.  Num.  xxxiii.  50,  to  the  end,  and  chap,  xxxiv. 

The  Caniianites  are  to  be  destroyed.  —  Chap   xxxiv.   1  The  borders  of  tin  land.     16  The  names  of 
ilie  men  which  shall  divide  the  la7id. 


Hales,  1G07. 
Abol-shittim. 


■'^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  plains  of  Moabby  Jordan 
near  Jericho,  saying,  •'^'•'- Speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  and  say 

aDe. 7. 1,2.        uiito  tlicin,  "When  ye  are  passed  over  Jordan  into  the  land  of  Canaan  ; 

6  Ex.  23.  24, 33.  52  j^ij^^,  i^g  gjjgij  ^\y[^■Q  Qut  all  tlic  inhabitants  of  the  land  from  before 
you,  and  destroy  all  their' pictures,  and  destroy  all  their  molten  images, 
and  (juite  pluck  down  all  their  high  places.  ^^And  ye  shall  dispossess 
the  iniiabitants  of  the  land,  and  dwell  therein  :  for  I  have  given  you 

£  Nu.  26. 53-55.     ^j^^  j.^^^^j  ^^  posscss  it.  ^^  And  'ye  shall  divide  the  land   by  lot  for  an 


Part  VIII.]  OF  THE  ISRAELITES  WHEN   IN   CANAAN.  271 

*  Heb.  miuiipiy  inheritance  among  your  families  ;  and  to  the  more  ye  shall  *give  the 
^''mh^'diTnH  moi'e  inheritance,  and  to  the  fewer  ye  shall  tgive  the  less  inheritance. 
hu  mhcntaiue.     Evcry  man's  inheritance  shall  be  in  the  place  where   his   lot  falleth  ; 

according  to  the  tribes  of  your  fathers  ye  shall  inherit.  ^^  But  if  ye  will 

not  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of  the  land  from  before  you,  then  it  shall 
d  Jos.  23. 13.  P3.  come  to  pass,  that  those  which  ye  let  remain  of  them  shall  be  ''pricks 
E^'.as.':^.'!^  in  your  eyes,  and  thorns  in  your  sides,  and  shall  vex  you  in  the  land 
^■~'*"  wherein  ye  dwell.  ^'^  Moreover  it  shall   come   to  pass,  that  I  shall  do 

unto  you  as  I  thought  to  do  unto  them." 

1  And  the  Lord   spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^'"Command  Num. xxxiv. 

the  children  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  When  ye  come 
e Go.  17.8.         into  'the  land   of  Canaan,  (this  is  the  land  that  shall  fall   unto  you 

for  an  inheritance,  even  the  land  of  Canaan  with  the  coasts  thereof) : 
■^Ez''47^'i3  &c.    ^  Then  ^your  south  quarter  shall  be  from  the  wilderness  of  Zin  along 

by  the  coast  of  Edom,  and  your  south  border  shall  be  the  outmost 
§■96.14.3.103.  coast  of  ^the  Salt  Sea  eastward.  ^And  your  border  shall  turn  from 
A^^os^  15  3  ^^^  ^^"^'^  "^^  ^^^®  ascent  of  Akrabbim,  and  pass  on  to  Zin  ;  and  the 
iNu.13.26.  going  forth  thereof  shall  be  from  the  south  Ho  Kadesh-barnea,  and 
j  See  Jos.  15.3,4,  shall  go  on  to  'Hazar-addar,  and  pass  on  to  Azmon.  ^  And  the  border 
ftGe.^15. 18.  Is.  shall  fetch  a  compass  from  Azmon  *unto  the  river  of  Egypt,  and  the 
^^'  ^^'  goings  out  of  it  shall  be  at  the  sea.  ^  And  as  for  the  western  border, 

ye  shall  even  have  the  Great  Sea  for  a  border ;  this  shall  be  your  west 

border.  ''  And  this  shall  be  your  north  border  ;  from  the  Great  Sea  ye 
I  Nu.  33. 37.  shall  point  out  for  you  'Mount  Hor.  '^  From  Mount  Hor  ye  shall  point 
mNu.i3.2i.2Ki.  out  your  border  '"unto  the  entrance  of  Hamath  ;  and  the  goings  forth 
nEzM7. 15.  of  the  border  shall  be  to  "Zedad.  ^  And  the  border  shall  go  on  to  Ziph- 
oEz.  47. 17.        ron,  and  the  goings  out  of  it  shall  be  at  °Hazar-enan  :  this   shall  be 

your  north  border.  ^°  And  ye   shall  point  out  your  east  border  from 

Hazar-enan  to  Shepham.  ^^  And  the  coast  shall  go  down   from  She- 

i'g2iV.23.33.Je.  phalli  ''to  Riblah,  on  the  east  side  of  Ain  ;  and  the  border  shall  descend, 

I  Heb.  shoulder,    ^iid  shall   rcach  unto  the  tside  of  the  sea  'of  Chinnereth  easUvard. 

q  De.  3. 17.  Jos.    ^~  And  thc  border  shall  go  down  to  Jordan,  and  the  goings  out  of  it  shall 

11. 2.  Mat.  14.    ^^  ^^  ^1^^  g^jj.   g^^ .  ^j^jg  gj^^ll  l^g  y^^jj.  j^j^j  ^yjjj^  ^^j^g  coasts  thcrcof 

round  about." 

i^And  Moses  commanded  the  children  of  Israel,  saying,  "This  is 
the  land  which  ye  shall  inherit  by  lot,  which  the  Lord  commanded  to 
r  Nu.  3;3. 33.  Jos.  give  unto  the  uiiic  tribes,  and  to  the  half  tribe.  "  For  "the  tribe  of  the 
'  '  children   of  Reuben  according  to  the  house  of  their  fathers,  and  the 

tribe  of  the  children  of  Gad  according  to  the  house  of  their  fathers, 
have  received  their  inheritance  ;  and  half  the  tribe  of  Manasseh  have 
received  their  inheritance.  ^^  The  two  tribes  and  the  half  tribe  have 
received  their  inheritance  on  this  side  Jordan  near  Jericho  eastward, 
toward  the  sunrising." 

^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^"^ "  These  are  the 
«jo5. 14. 1. &19.  names  of  the  men  which  shall  divide  the  land  unto  you;  'Eleazar  the 
^^"  priest,  and  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun.  ^^  And  ye  shall  take  one  'prince  of 

every  tribe,  to  divide  the  land  by  inheritance.  ^^  And  the  names  of  the 
men  are  these  : — of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  ; 
20  and  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon,  Shemuel  the  son  of  Am- 
miliud  ;  ^^  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  Elidad  the  son  of  Chislon  ;  "-and 
the  prince  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Dan,  Bukki  the  son  of  Jogh  ; 
23  the  prince  of  the  children  of  Joseph,  for  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Manasseh,  Hanniel  the  son  of  Ephod  ;  -'^  and  the  prince  of  the  tribe  of 
the  children  of  Ephraim,  Keniuel  the  son  of  Shiphtan  ;  -^  and  the 
prince  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Zebulun,  Elizaphan  the  son  of 
Parnach  ;  ^6  and  the  prince  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Issachar, 
Paltiel  the  son  of  Azzan  ;  ^^  and  the  prince  of  the  tribe  of  the  children 


Nu.  1.  4,  : 


272  THE  CITIES  FOR  THE  LEVITES,  &c.  [Period  III. 

of  Asher,  Ahihud  the  son  of  Shelomi  ;  ^*  and  the  prince  of  the  tribe 
of  the  children  of  Naphtah,  Pedahel  the  son  of  Aniniihud  :  ~^  these  are 
they  whom  the  Lord  commanded  to  divide  the  inlieritance  unto  the 
cliildren  of  Israel  in  the  land  of  Canaan. 


SECT.  Lxxvi.    Section  LXXVI. —  The  Cities  for  the  Lcvites  ; — The  Cities  of  Refuge ; — 

Law  of  Murder. 

Num.  XXXV. 

1  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses  in  the  plains  of  Moab  by  Jordan 
near  Jericho,  saying,  ^ "  Command  "the  children  of  Israel,  that  they 
give  unto  the  Levites  of  the  inheritance  of  their  possession  cities  to 


A.  M.  2553. 

C.  C.  1451. 
Hales,  1607. 
Abol-shittim. 


I  Jos.  14.  3,4. 


iii.  2.  seeEz.     dwcll  in  ;  and  ve  shall  give  also  unto  the  Levites  suburbs  for  the  cities 


45.  l,<Scc.  &48. 


round  about  them.  ^  And  the  cities  shall  they  have  to  dwell  in  ;  and 
the  suburbs  of  them  shall  be  for  their  cattle,  and  for  their  goods,  and 
for  all  their  beasts. 

'^"  And  the  suburbs  of  the  cities,  which  ye  shall  give  unto  the  Le- 
vites, shall  reach  from  the  wall  of  the  city  and  outward  a  thousand 
cubits  round  about.  ^  And  ye  shall  measure  from  without  the  city  on 
the  east  side  two  thousand  cubits,  and  on  the  south  side  two  thousand 
cubits,  and  on  the  west  side  two  thousand  cubits,  and  on  the  north 
side  two  thousand  cubits  ;  and  the  city  shall  be  in  the  midst :  this  shall 
be  to  them  the  suburbs  of  the  cities.  "^  And  among  the  cities  which  ye 

b  De.  4. 41.  Jos.    shall  givc  unto  the  Levites  there  shall  be  'six  cities  for   refuge,  which 
3.'i3, 21, 27,32;  ye  shall  appoint  for  the  manslayer,  that  he  may  flee   thither;  and  *to 

*'Heh.'abovetKem  thcui  yc  shall  add  forty  and  two  cities.  'So  all  the   cities  which   ye 
ye  shall  give.       gh^U  givc  to  thc  Lcvltcs  shall  be  'forty  and  eight  cities  ;  them  shall  ye 

e  Jos.  21.  41.       give  with  their  suburbs.  ^  And  the  cities  which  ye  shall  give  shall  be 

d  Jos.  21. 3.         -^of  the  possession  of  the  children  of  Israel :  'from  them  that  have  many 

e  Nu.  26. 54.  ^^  ^j^^j^  ^.^^  many,  but  from  them  that  have  few  ye  shall  give  few  ; 
every  one  shall  give  of  his  cities  unto  the  Levites  according  to  his  in- 

\  ii^h.  theij  in-      heritance  which  the  inheriteth." 
'""'■  ^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Moses,  saying,  ^^  "  Speak  unto  the  chil- 

/jos.20.2.         dren  of  Israel,  and  say  unto  them,  -^When  ye  be  come  over  Jordan  into 

g-Ex.  21. 13.  the  land  of  Canaan;  ^Mhen  ye  shall  appoint  you  cities  to  be  cities  of 
refuge  for  you  ;  that  the  slayer  may  flee  thither,  which  killeth  any  per- 

XM^h.  by  error,    g^^  i^t  uuawarcs.  ^^  And  "they  shall  be  unto  you  cities  for  refuge  from 

^o.'-j.'s;  6."  ^°''  the  avenger  ;  that  the  manslayer  die  not,  until  he  stand  before  the  con- 
gregation in  judgment.   ^^  And  of  these  cities  which  ye  shall  give  six 

iDe.  4.41.JOS.  cities  shall  ye  have  for  refuge.  ^"^  Ye  "shall  give  three  cities  on  this  side 
Jordan,  and  three  cities  shall  ye  give  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  which 
shall  be  cities  of  refuge.  ^^  These  six  cities  shall  be  a  refuge,  both  for 

jNu.  15. 16.  the  children  of  Israel,  and  ^ for  the  stranger,  and  for  the  sojourner 
among  them  ;  that  every  one  that  killeth  any  person  unawares  may 
flee  thither. 

''Le%4''i7^'Dc'        ^^ "  ^"*^'  "^^  ^^^  ^"^'^^  ^™  ^^^^  ^"  instrument  of  iron,  so  that  he  die, 
i9!ii,i2.'     ■    he  is  a  murderer ;  the  murderer  shall  surely  be  put  to  death.  ^'^  And  if 

* ^onco7Ae''immi  ^^^  ^'"^^^  ''""  *with  throwing  a  stone,  wherewith  he  may  die,  and  he 
die,  he  is  a  murderer  ;  the  murderer  shall  surely  be  put  to  death.  ^^Or 
if  he  smite  him  with  a  hand  weapon  of  wood,  wherewith  he  may  die, 
and  he  die,  he  is  a  murderer  ;  the  murderer  shall  surely  be   put   to 

iDe.  119. 0, 12.      d(;ath.  '■'  The  'revenger  of  blood  himself  shall  slay  the  murderer  ;  when 
Jos. 20. 3, 5.       j^^^  nieeteth  him,  he  shall  slay  him.  -"But  '"if  he  thrust   him  of  hatred, 

'3*^27  ^20^ IS:  <^*"  ''"'■^  ^t  ''i'*'»  "'^y  'f^y'"g  ^^  ^^'"f'  ^^^^^  '^^  ^'^'  "^  ^^  "^  enmity  smite  him 
iKi.'2.3~i,'32.'  with  his  hand  that  he  die,  he  that  smote  him  shall  surely  be  put  to 
"ig.'if.''  ''*■  ""^  death  ;  for  he  is  a  murderer:  the  revenger  of  blood  shall  slay  the  mtir- 
o  Ex.  21. 13.  derer,  when  he  meetetli  him.  ^^  But  if  he  thrust  him  suddenly  'with- 
out enmity,  or  have  cast  upon  him  any  thing  without  laying  of  wait, 


i 


Part  VIII.]       MOSES'  SPEECH,  REHEARSING  THE   ISRAELITES'  HISTORY.  273 

-^  or  with  any  stone,  wherewith  a  man  may  die,  seeing  him  not,  and 
cast  it  upon  him,  that  he  die,  and  was  not  liis  enemy,  neither  sought 

pjog. 20. 6.  i^is  harm;  ^^ then ''the  congregation  shall  judge  between  the  slayer 
and  the  revenger  of  blood  according  to  these  judgments.  ^^  And  the 
congregation  shall  deliver  the  slayer  out  of  the  hand  of  the  revenger  of 
blood,  and  the  congregation  shall  restore  him  to  the  city  of  his  refuge, 

5 Joe. 20. 6.         whither  he  was  fled;  and  'he  shall  abide  in  it  unto  the  death  of  the 

r  Ex.  2'j.  7.         hjgii  priest,  '^which  was  anointed  with  the  holy  oil. 

^•^  "  But  if  the  slayer  shall  at  any  time  come  without  the  border  of  the 
city  of  his  refuge,  whither  he  was  fled  ;  ~"  and  the  revenger  of  blood 
find  him  without  the  borders  of  the  city  of  his  refuge,  and  the  re- 

t  Heb.no  blood     veuger  of  blood  kill  the  slayer  ;  the  shall  not  be  guilty  of  blood,  ^^be- 

shall  he  to  him.  »      ,  ,  ,   ,    ,  •  ,   •         i  ■  r  ,  ■  r  -i      i  i  i 

Ex.  22.  2.  cause  he  should  have  remamed  m  the  city  oi  his  reluge  until  the  death 

of  the  high  priest ;  but  after  the  death  of  the  high  priest  the  slayer 
shall  return  into  the  land  of  his  possession. — ^^  So  these  things  shall  be 

sNu.27. 11.  fQj.  "g^  statute  of  judgment  unto  you  throughout  your  generations  in  all 
your  dwellings.  '-^^  Whoso  killeth  any  person,  the  murderer  shall  be  put 

t  De.  17. 6.  &  19.  to  death  by  the  'mouth  of  witnesses  ;  but  one  witness  shall  not  testify 

15.  Mat.  18.  16.  .  •'  ,  .  ,.         0,11,  I      II  I 

2  Co.  13. 1.  He.  against  any  person  to  cause  him  to  die.  -''-  Moreover  ye  shall  take  no 
tHef.'fauUu  to     satlsfactiou  for  the  life  of  a  murderer,  which  is  tguilty  of  death  ;  but  he 

'''«•  shall  be  surely  put  to  death.  ^-  And  ye  shall  take  no  satisfaction  for  him 

that  is  fled  to  the  city  of  his  refuge,  that  he  should  come  again  to 

"ftnc-^'I'^iL^'       dwell  in  the  land,  until  the  death  of  the  priest.  ^^  So  ye  shall  not  pol- 

*  Heh.  there  can    lutc  tlic  land  wlicrein  yc  are;  for  blood  it  "defileth  the  land,  and  *the 

for'theTnd."^  IsLud  cannot  be  cleansed  of  the  blood  that  is  shed  therein,  but  "by  the 
«Ge.  9. 6.  blood  of  him  that  shed  it,  ^^  Defile  "not  therefore  the  land  which  ye 

^eI[29.45  AG.    ^'^^^1  inhabit,  wherein  I  dwell ;  for  ""I  the  Lord  dwell  among  the  chil- 

dren  of  Israel." 

SECT.  Lxxvii.  Sect.  LXXVII. 3Ioses'  Speech,  rehearsing  the  History  of  the  Israelites 

—  from  their  Departurefrom  Egypt  to  the  Fortieth  Year  of  their  Wandering 

A.  M.  2553.  ^-^^  ly  Wilderness,  and  his  Exhortation. 

B.  C.  1451.  ^ 

Hales  1607  Deut.  i.,  ii.  1,  X.  6-9,  ii.  2,  to  the  end,  iii.  and  iv.  1-40. 

Abel-shittim         (rod's  promise  to  the  Israelites.  13  Of  giving  them  ojicers,  19  of  sending  the  spies  to  search  the  luTid, 

"  m  of  God's  anger  for  their  incredulity,  41  and  disobedience.  —  Cnap.  x.  Death  of  Aaron,  and 

continuance  of  the  priesthood.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  Command  not  to  7/teddle  with  the  Edomites,  9  nor 
with  the  Moabites,  17  nor  with  the  Ammonites,  24  but  Sihon  was  subdued  bzj  them.  —  Chap.  iii.  1 
The  conquest  of  Og  king  of  Bashan.  11  The  bigness  of  his  bed.  12  Tlie  distrihdion  of  those 
lands  to  the  two  tribes  and  a  half.  23  Moses'  prayer  to  enter  into  the  land.  26  He  is  permitted  to 
see  it.  —  Chap.  iv.  His  exhortation. 

^  These  be  the  words  which  Moses  spake  unto  all  Israel  "on  this 
side  Jordan  in  the  wilderness,  in  the  plain  over  against  *the  Red  Sea, 
between  Paran,  and  Tophel,  and  Laban,  and  Hazeroth,  and  Dizahab. 
~  (There  are  eleven  days'  journey  from  Horeb  by  the  way  of  Mount 
Seir  ''unto  Kadesh-barnea.)  ^  And  it  came  to  pass  ^in  the  fortieth  year, 
in  the  eleventh  month,  on  the  first  day  of  the  month,  that  Moses  spake 
unto  the  children  of  Israel,  according  unto  all  that  the  Lord  had  given 
him  in  commandment  unto  them  ;  "*  after  ''he  had  slain  Sihon  the  king 
of  the  Amorites,  which  dwelt  in  Heshbon,  and  Og  tlie  king  of  Bashan, 
which  dwelt  at  Astaroth  in  Edrei. 

^  On  this  side  Jordan,  in  the  land  of  Moab,  began  Moses  to  declare 

eEx.  3. 1.  t}^is  law,  saying,  ^ "  The  Lord  our  God  spake  unto  us  ^in  Horeb,  saying, 

/See  Ex.  19. 1.     i  Ye  liavc  dwelt  long  -^enough  in  this  mount ;  "^  turn  you,  and  take  your 

tHeh««'i«       journey,  and  go  to  the  mount  of  the  Amorites,  and  unto  tall  the  places 

nigh  thereunto,  in  the  plain,  in  the  hills,  and  in   the  vale,  and  in  the 

south,  and  by  the  sea  side,  to  the  land  of  the  Canaanites,  and  unto 

Lebanon,  unto  the  great  river,  the  river  Euphrates.  ^Behold,  I  have 

XUeb.  given.       |ggt  ^j^g  jg^j^^j  boforc  you  ;  go  in  and  possess  the  land  which  the  Lord 

^seeGe.  12. 7.    swarc  unto  your  fathers,  ^Abraham,  Isaac,  and  Jacob,  to  give   unto 

them  and  to  their  seed  after  them.' 

VOL.  I.  35 


e  Jo2 

.9. 

1,  10. 

*Or, 

Zuph. 

tNu. 

13. 

26. 

cNu. 

33. 

38. 

dNa. 

.21, 

,  24,  33. 

274 


MOSES'  SPEECH,  REHEARSING 


[Period  III. 


h  Ex.  18.  18.  x\u. 

11.  14. 

i  See  Ge.  12.  2. 
j  2  Sa.  24.  3. 

JfcGe.  15.  5.  &22. 

17.  &.  26.  4.  Ex. 

32.  13. 

I  ]  Ki.  3.  8,  9. 
*  Heb.  Give.  See 

Ex.  18.  21.  Nu. 

11.  16,  17. 

t  Heb.  gave.  Ex. 
18.25. 


m  De.  16.  18.  Jo. 
7.24. 

n  Le.  24.  22. 

0  Le.  19.  15.  Pr. 
24.  23.  Ja.  2.  1. 

%  Heb.  acknowl- 
edge faces. 

p  2  Ch.  19.  6. 

q  Ex.  18.  22,  26. 

r  Nu.  10.  12. 


u  Nu.  13.  3. 

o  Nu.  13.  :22-24. 


w  See  Ex.  3.  1 


y  De.  9.  i 


t  Heb.  incited. 
Jos.  2.  II. 


,  Nu.  13.  28. 
E\.  14.  14,  25 


c  Ex.  19.  4.  Is. 

46.3,4.  Ho.  II. 

3.  See  Ar.  13. 

18. 
d  Ps.  106.  24. 

Jude  5. 

e  See  Ex.  13.21. 
/Nu.  10.  33.  Ez. 

20.6. 


g  Nu.  14.  22,  23. 
Pa.  95.  11. 


h  Nu.  14.  24,  30. 
Jos.  14.  9. 


^  •'  And  ''I  spake  unto  you  at  that  time,  saying,  '  I  am  not  able  to  bear 
you  myself  alone  ;  ^"the  Lord  your  God  hath  niultiphed  you,  and.  be- 
hold, 'ye  are  this  day  as  the  stars  of  heaven  for  multitude  !  ^^  (The 
■'Lord  God  of  your  fathers  make  you  a  thousand  times  so  many  more 
as  ye  are,  and  bless  you,  *as  he  hath  promised  you  I)  ^-  How  'can  I  my- 
self alone  bear  your  cumbrance,  and  your  burden,  and  your  strife? 
^^  *Take  you  wise  men,  and  understanding,  and  known  among  your 
tribes,  and  I  will  make  them  rulers  over  you.'  ^^  And  ye  answered  me, 
and  said,  '  The  thing  which  thou  hast  spoken  is  good  for  us  to  do.'  ^^  So 
I  took  the  chief  of  your  tribes,  wise  men,  and  known,  and  tmade  them 
heads  over  you,  captains  over  thousands,  and  captains  over  hundreds, 
and  captains  over  fifties,  and  captains  over  tens,  and  officers  among 
your  tribes.  ^^  And  I  charged  your  judges  at  that  time,  saying,  '  Hear 
the  causes  between  your  brethren,  and  "judge  righteously  between 
every  man  and  his  "brother,  and  the  stranger  that  is  with  him.  ^"  Ye 
"shall  not  t respect  persons  in  judgment,  but  ye  shall  hear  the  small  as 
well  as  the  great  ;  ye  shall  not  be  afraid  of  the  face  of  man,  for  ^the 
judgment  is  God's  :  and  the  cause  that  is  too  hard  for  you,  'bring  it 
unto  me,  and  I  will  hear  it.'  ^^  And  I  commanded  you  at  that  time  all 
the  things  which  ye  should  do. 

^^ "  And  when  we  departed  from  Horeb,  '"we  went  through  all  that 
great  and  terrible  wilderness,  which  ye  saw  by  the  way  of  the  moun- 
tain of  the  Amorites,  as  the  Lord  our  God  commanded  us ;  'and  we 
came  to  Kadesh-barnea.  -'^  And  I  said  unto  you, '  Ye  are  come  unto  the 
mountain  of  the  Amorites,  which  the  Lord  our  God  doth  give  unto  us. 
^^  Behold,  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  set  the  land  before  thee  :  go  up  and 
possess  it,  as  the  Lord  God  of  thy  fathers  hath  said  unto  thee ;  'fear 
not,  neither  be  discouraged.' 

^^'■And  ye  came  near  unto  me  every  one  of  you,  and  said,  '  VVewill 
send  men  before  us,  and  they  shall  search  us  out  the  land,  and  bring 
us  word  again  by  what  way  we  must  go  up,  and  into  what  cities  we 
shall  come.'  ~^  And  the  saying  pleased  me  well ;  and  "I  took  twelve  men 
of  you,  one  of  a  tribe,  ^'and  'they  turned  and  went  up  into  the  moun- 
tain, and  came  unto  the  valley  of  Eshcol,  and  searched  it  out.  ~^  And 
they  took  of  the  fruit  of  the  land  in  their  hands,  and  brought  it  down 
unto  us,  and  brought  us  word  again,  and  said,  'It  "is  a  good  land  which 
the  Lord  our  God  doth  give  us.' 

-^  "  Notwitiistanding  ""ye  would  not  go  up,  but  rebelled  against  the 
commandment  of  the  Lord  your  God.  -"  And  ye  murmured  in  your 
tents,  and  said,  '  Because  the  Lord  '•'hated  us,  he  hath  brought  us  forth 
out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  to  deliver  us  into  the  hand  of  the  Amorites, 
to  destroy  us.  ~^  Whither  shall  we  go  up  ?  our  brethren  have  tdiscour- 
aged  our  heart,  saying,  •  The  'peo|)le  is  greater  and  taller  than  we  ;  the 
cities  are  great  and  walled  up  to  heaven  ;  and  moreover  we  have  scon 
the  sons  of  the  "Anakims  there  ! ' '  -■'  Then  I  said  unto  you,  '  Dread  not, 
neither  be  afraid  of  them.  '"^  The  'Lord  your  God  which  goeth  before 
you,  he  shall  fight  for  you,  according  to  all  that  he  did  for  you  in  Egypt 
before  your  eyes  ;  •"  and  in  the  wilderness,  where  thou  hast  seen  how 
that  the  Lord  thy  God  "^bare  thee,  as  a  man  doth  bear  his  son,  in  all 
the  way  that  ye  went,  until  ye  came  into  this  place.'  ^'-  Yet  in  this 
thing  ''ye  did  not  believe  the  Lord  your  God,  ^-^  who  'went  in  the  way 
before  you,  -''to  search  you  out  a  place  to  pitch  your  tents  in,  in  fire  by 
night,  to  show  you  by  what  way  ye  should  go,  and  in  a  cloud  by  day. 

3''  "  And  the  Lord  heard  the  voice  of  your  words,  and  was  wroth,  and 
sware,  saying,  ^^ '  Surely  ''there  shall  not  one  of  these  men  of  this  evil 
generation  see  that  good  land,  which  I  sware  to  give  unto  your  fathers, 
3^  save  ''Caleb  the  son  of  Jep  unneh;  he  shall  see  it,  and  to  him  will  I 


Part  VIII.]  THE  HISTORY    OF  THE   ISRAELITES.  275 

give  the  land  that  he  hath  trodden  upon,  and  to  his  children,  because 
*Heh.faifiUed  to  \^q  j^ath  *vvholly  follovvcd  the  Lord.  ^' Also  'the  Lord  was  angry  with 
iKo?i2.  &  nie  for  your  sakes,  saying,  'Thou  also  shalt  not  go  in  thither;  ^^but 
•Nu^i'4  30  'Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  Svhich  standeth  before  thee,  he  shall  go  in 
A  Ex.  24. 13.  See  thither ;  'encourage  him,  for  he  shall  cause  Israel  to  inherit  it.  ^9  More- 
1  sa.  16. 22.  Q^.g^  -y^y^  jittig  Q„gg^  which  "ye  said  should  be  a  prey,  and  your  chil- 
L^Nu.^H.I'i.^^"  dren,  which  in  that  day  "had  no  knowledge  between  good  and  evil, 
n  Nu.  14. 3.  thgy  shall  go  in  thither,  and  unto  them  will  I  give  it,  and  they  shall  pos- 
oa.j.i5,i6.Ro.  ^^^^  .^^  40  gut /'as  for  you,  turn  you,  and  take  your  journey  into  the 
p  Nu,  14.  25.       wilderness  by  the  way  of  the  Red  Sea.' 

«Nu.  14.40,  &c.       41  a  -pj^gj-j  yg  answcied  and  said  unto  me, '  We  'have  sinned  against 
the  Lord,  we  will  go  up  and  fight,  according  to  all  that  the  Lord  our 
God  commanded  us.'  And  when  ye  had  girded  on  every  man  his  weap- 
ons of  war,  ye  were  ready  to   go  up  into  the  hill.  ^~  And  the  Lord 
said  unto  me, '  Say  unto  them,  Go  not  up,  neither  fight,  (for  I  am  not 
among  you,)  lest  ye  be    smitten   before  your  enemies.'  "^^  So  I  spake 
unto  you  ;  and  ye  would  not  hear,  but  rebelled  against  the  command- 
^^eLfptuoZ!      ment  of  the  Lord,  and  twent  presumptuously  up  into  the  hill.  *^  And 
if  44"45"^'  ^"'  ^^^  Amorites,  which  dwelt  in  that  mountain,  came  out  against  you, 
r  Ps.  118. 12.       and  chased  you,  'as  bees  do,  and  destroyed  you   in  Seir,  even   unto 
Hormah.  ^5  And  ye  returned  and  wept  before  the  Lord  ;  but  the  Lord 
5  Nu.  13.  25.       would  not  hearken  to  your  voice,  nor  give  ear  unto  you.  '^'^  So  'ye  abode 
in  Kadesh  many  days,  according  unto  the  days  that  ye  abode  there. 
^  "  Then  we  turned,  and  took  our  journey  into  the  wilder-  Deut.u.  l. 
ness  by  the  way  of  the  Red  Sea,  'as  the  Lord  spake  unto  me  ; 
and  we  compassed  Mount  Seir  many  days. 

6  "  And  the  children  of  Israel  took  their  journey  from  <^)Deut.x.6-9. 
Beeroth  "of  the  children  of  Jaakan  to  "Mosera.  "There  Aaron  died, and 
there  he  was  buried  ;  and  Eleazar  his  son  ministered  in  the  priest's  office 
in  his  stead.  ''  From  ""thence  they  journeyed  untoGudgodah  ;  and  from 
Gudgodah  to  Jotbath,  a  land  of  rivers  of  waters. 

^  "  At  that  time  ^the  Lord  separated  the  tribe  of  Levi,  "to  bear  the  ark 
of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  "to  stand  before  the  Lord  to  minister  unto 
him,  and  Ho  bless  in  his  name,  unto  this  day.  ^  Wherefore  'Levi  hath 
no  part  nor  inheritance  with  his  brethren  ;  the  Lord  is  his  inheritance, 
according  as  the  Lord  thy  God  promised  him. 

2  "  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  me,  saying,  ^  '  Ye  have  com-  ^J'^/J,' ^'j;/' 

passed    this  mountain  long  enough  :    turn  you  northward. 

rfNu.20.  14.       4  And  command  thou  the  people,  saying,  ""Ye  are  to  pass  through  the 

coast  of  your  brethren  the  children  of  Esau,  which  dwell  in  Seir  ;  and 

they  shall  be  afraid  of  you.     Take  ye  good  heed  unto  yourselves  there- 

^^adin^^'ftf*  ^°''^'  ^ 'peddle  not  with  them  ;   for  I  will  not  give  you  of  their  land,  tno, 

ZTe  of  the  foot,     not  SO  much  as  a  foot  breadth  ;  'because  I  have  given  Mount  Seir  unto 

eSeeGe.32.3.     -gg^^^  f^^  ^  posscssiou.  ^  Yc  shall  buy  meat  of  them  for  money,  that  ye 

may  eat ;  and  ye  shall  also  buy  water  of  them  for  money,  that  ye  may 

drink.  "^  For  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  blessed  thee  in  all  the  works  of  thy 

hand;  he  knoweth  thy  walking   through  this  great  wilderness;   these 

forty  years  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  been  with  thee  ;  thou  hast  lacked 

nothing.' 

/ju.ii.  18.  8  a  And-^when  we  passed  by  from  our  brethren  the  children  of  Esau, 

^1  Ki.9.26.       which  dwelt  in  Seir,  through  the  way  of  the  plain  from  ^Elath,  and 

from  Ezion-gaber,  we  turned  and  passed  by  the  way   of  the  wilder- 


tNu. 

14.25. 

aNu. 

33.  31. 

t)Nu. 

,  33.  30. 

joNu 

.  20.  28. 

iNu. 

,  33.  32, 

vNu. 

.3.  6. 

zNu. 

4.15. 

aDe. 

18.5. 

ALe. 

9.22. 

cNu. 

18.  20, 

(29)  These  four  verses  are  inserted  here  on  the  Hor,  see  Lishtfoot,  vol.  i.  p.  39,  and  Pfeiffer  in  loc 

authority  of  Dr.  Kenni-ott,   (Horsley's   Bib.  Crit.  PfeiiR-r  supposes  Moserah  to  have  been  a  part  of 

vol.  i.  p.  105.)     For  the  reconcilins;  the  apparent  Mount   Hor;  and  that  the    Jaakan  mentioned  in 

contradiction  of  this  passage,  with  that  in  Numbers  Deut.  x.  0,  is  different  from  the  city  of  Bene-jaakan. 

x.txiii.  31,  32  ;  in  the  former  of  which  Aaron  is  said  See,  also,  Well's  Commentary,  vol.  1.  part  u.  p.  163, 

to  have  died  at  Moserah,  and  i;i  '."v  latterat  M-vant  note. 


276 


MOSES'  SPEECH,  REHEARSING 


[Period  HI. 


*  Or,  Use  no  hos- 
tility against 
Moab. 

h  Nu.  21.  28. 
t  Ge.  19.  36,  37. 
j  Ge.  14.  5. 
k  Nu.  13.  22,  33. 


I  Ge.  14.  6.  &  36. 

20. 
t  Heb.  inhcriud 

them. 
J  Or,  room. 

*  Or,  valley.  Nu. 
13.  23.  &  21.12. 
m  Nu.  13.  26. 


0  Nu.  14.  35.  Ez. 
20.  15. 
p  Ps.  78.  33. 


J  Ge.  19,  38. 


r  Ge.  14.  5, 

Ziuiins. 


s  Ge.  36.  8. 

t  Ge.  14.  6.  &  36. 

20-30. 
u  Jos.  13.  3. 
V  Je.  25.  20. 
w  Ge.  10. 14.  Am. 

9.7. 
zNu.  21.  13,  14. 
t  Heb.  beg-in,  pos- 
y  See  Ge.  35.  5. 


I  De.  20.  10. 
aNu.  21.21,i 


b  Nu.  20.  19. 
c  See  Nu.  20. 


eJos.  11.20.  Ex 
4.21. 


/De.  1.  8. 

g- No.  21.  23. 
A  Do.  7.  2. 

i  Nu.  21.  24. 

J  Hob.  e»m/  city 
of  men,  and  wo- 
men, and  little 
ones.  Le.  27.  28. 


ness  of  Moab.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  '  *Distress  not  the  Moab- 
ites,  neither  contend  witli  them  in  battle  ;  for  I  will  not  give  thee  of 
their  land  for  a  possession,  because  I  have  given  ''Ar  unto  'the  children 
of  Lot  for  a  possession.'  ^^The  ^Emims  dwelt  therein  in  times  past,  a 
people  great,  and  many,  and  tall,  as  *the  Anakims  ;  ^^  which  also  were 
accounted  giants,  as  the  Anakims,  but  the  Moabites  call  them  Emims. 
^^  The  'Horims  also  dwelt  in  Seir  beforetime  ;  but  the  children  of  Esau 
tsucceeded  them,  when  they  had  destroyed  them  from  before  them, 
and  dwelt  in  their  tstead ;  as  Israel  did  unto  the  land  of  his  posses- 
sion, which  the  Lord  gave  unto  them.  ^^'Now  rise  up,'  said  I,  'and  get 
you  over  the  *brook  Zered.'     And  we  went  over  the  brook  Zered. 

i^"And  the  space  in  which  we  came  "from  Kadesh-barnea,  until  we 
were  come  over  the  brook  Zered,  was  thirty  and  eight  years ;  "until 
all  the  generation  of  the  men  of  war  were  wasted  out  from  among 
the  host,  "as  the  Lord  sware  unto  them.  ^^  For  indeed  'the  hand  of 
the  Lord  was  against  them,  to  destroy  them  from  among  the  host, 
until  they  were  consumed. 

^^  "  So  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  the  men  of  war  were  consumed  and 
dead  from  among  the  people,  ^'^  that  the  Lord  spake  unto  me,  saying, 
^^ '  Thou  art  to  pass  over  through  Ar,  the  coast  of  Moab,  this  day. 
'^And  when  thou  comest  nigh  over  against  the  children  of  Amnion, 
distress  them  not,  nor  meddle  with  them  ;  for  I  will  not  give  thee  of 
the  land  of  the  children  of  Ammon  any  possession,  because  I  have 
given  it  unto  'the  children  of  Lot  for  a  possession.'  '^^  (That  also  was 
accounted  a  land  of  giants :  giants  dwelt  therein  in  old  time  ;  and  the 
Ammonites  call  them  'Zamzummims.  ^^  A  people  great,  and  many, 
and  tall,  as  the  Anakims,  but  the  Lord  destroyed  them  before  them, 
and  they  succeeded  them,  and  dwelt  in  their  stead.  ^^  As  he  did  to  the 
children  of  Esau,  'which  dwelt  in  Seir,  when  he  destroyed  'the  Ho- 
rims from  before  them  ;  and  they  succeeded  them,  and  dwelt  in  their 
stead  even  unto  this  day.  ^-^  And  "the  Avims  which  dwelt  in  Hazerim, 
even  unto  "Azzah,  "the  Caphtorims,  which  came  forth  out  of  Caphtor, 
destroyed  them,  and  dwelt  in  their  stead.)  ~' '  Rise  ye  up,  take  your 
journey,  and  ""pass  over  the  river  Arnon.  Behold,  I  have  given  into 
thy  hand  Sihon  the  Amorite,  king  of  Heshbon,  and  his  land  ;  tbegin 
to  possess  it,  and  contend  with  him  in  battle.  '--''This  May  will  I  begin 
to  put  the  dread  of  thee  and  the  fear  of  thee  upon  the  nations  that 
are  under  the  whole  heaven,  who  shall  hear  report  of  thee,  and  shall 
tremble,  and  be  in  anguish  because  of  thee.' 

-•5  "  And  I  sent  messengers  out  of  the  wilderness  of  Kedemoth  unto 
Sihon  king  of  Heshbon  "^with  words  of  peace,  saying,  ^^ '  Let  "me 
pass  through  thy  land  :  I  will  go  along  by  the  high  way,  I  will  neither 
turn  unto  the  right  hand  nor  to  the  left.  ~^  Thou  shalt  .sell  me  meat  for 
money,  that  I  may  eat ;  and  give  me  water  for  money,  that  I  may 
drink  :  *only  I  will  pass  through  on  my  feet,  ~^  (as  'the  children  of 
Esau  which  dwell  in  Seir,  and  the  Moabites  which  dwell  in  Ar,  did 
unto  me  ;)  until  I  shall  pass  over  Jordan  into  the  land  which  the  Lord 
our  God  giveth  us.  '-^^  But  ''Sihon  king  of  HesJibon  would  not  let  us 
pass  by  him  ;  for  'the  Lord  thy  God  liardencd  his  spirit,  and  made 
his  heart  obstinate,  that  he  might  deliver  him  into  thy  hand,  as  appear- 
eth  this  day. 

31  "  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me, '  Behold,  I  have  begun  ^to  give  Sihon 
and  his  land  before  thee ;  begin  to  possess,  that  thou  mayest  inherit 
his  land.'  •'-  Then  ^'Sihon  came  out  against  us,  he  and  all  his  people, 
to  fight  at.Tahaz.  '-^^  And  ''the  Lord  our  God  delivered  him  before  us  ; 
and  Sve  smote  him,  and  his  sons,  and  all  his  people.  ^^  And  we  took 
all  his  cities  at  that  time,  and  utterly  destroyed  tthe  men,  and   the 


I 


Part  VIII.]  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  ISRAELITES.  277 

women,  and  the  little  ones,  of  every  city,  we  left  none  to  remain  ; 

^°  only  the  cattle  we  took  for  a  prey  mito  ourselves,  and  the  spoil  of 
j  Jog.  13.9.  the  cities  which  we  took.  ^"^  From  •'Aroer,  which  is  by  the  brink  of  the 

river  of  Arnon,  and  from  the  city  that  is  by  the  river,  even  unto  Gilead, 
A:Ps.  44. 3.  thcrc  was  not  one  city  too  strong  for  us  ;  *the  Lord  our  God  delivered 

all  unto  us  :  ^^  only  unto  the  land  of  the  children  of  Ammon  thou  camest 
zGe.  32. 22.         not,  uor  unto  any  place  of  the  river  'Jabbok,  nor  unto  the  cities  in  the 

mountains,  nor  unto  whatsoever  the  Lord  our  God  forbad  us. 

^  "  Then  we  turned,  and  went  up  the  way   to  Bashan  ;    Deut.  iii. 
7nNu.2].33,&c.  and  '"Og  the  king  of  Bashan  came  out   against  us,  he  and 

all  his  people,  to  battle  at  Edrei.  ~  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  '  Fear 

him  not ;  for  I  will  deliver  him,  and  all  his  people,  and  his  land,  into 
nNu.21.  24.       thy  hand,  and  thou  shalt  do  unto  him  as  thou  didst  unto  "Sihon  king 

of  the   Amorites,  which   dwelt  at  Heshbon.'  ^  So  the  Lord  our  God 

delivered  into  our  hands  Og  also,  the   king  of  Bashan,  and   all  his 

0  Nu.  21. 35.       people  ;  '^and  we  smote  him  until  none  was  left  to  him  remaining.  '^  And 

we  took  all  his  cities  at  that  time,  there  was  not  a  city  which  we  took 

p  1  Ki.  4.  J3.  j^^t  ^j.Qj-j-j  them,  threescore  cities,  ^all  the  region  of  Argob,  the  king- 
dom of  Og  in  Bashan.  ^  All  these  cities  were  fenced  with  high  walls, 
gates,  and  bars  ;  besides  unwalled  towns  a  great  many.  ^  And  we  utterly 

9  Ps.  135. 10-12.  destroyed  them,  as  we  did  unto  Sihon  king  'of  Heshbon,  utterly  de- 
stroying the  men,  women,  and  children,  of  every  city.  ^  But  all  the 
cattle,  and  the  spoil  of  the  cities,  we  took  for  a  prey  to  ourselves. 
^  And  we  took  at  that  time  out  of  the  hand  of  the  two  kings  of  the 
Amorites  the  land  that  was  on  this  side  Jordan,  from  the  river  of  Ar- 

rPs.29.6.  nQp  unto  Mouut  Hcrmou,  ^  (which  'Hermon  the  Sidonians  call  Sirion  ; 

and  the  Amorites  call  it  %Shenir)  ;  ^^  all  the  cities  of  the  plain,  and  all 
Gilead,  and  'all  Bashan,  unto  Salchah  and  Edrei,  cities  of  the  king- 
dom of  Og  in  Bashan.  '^  For  "only  Og  king  of  Bashan   remained  of 

vGe.  14.5.         the  remnant  of  "giants  ;  behold,  his  bedstead  was  a  bedstead  of  iron  ; 

"49.1>!'ez.Ii'.2o;  ^^  '^  "ot  in  "Rabbath  of  the  children  of  Ammon  ?  nine  cubits  was  the 
length  thereof,  and  four  cubits  the  breadth  of  it,  after  the  cubit  of  a  man. 

X  Jos.  12. 2.  12  a  ^^^  j-j^jg  jg^j^  j^  which  WO  posscsscd  at  that  time,  ""from  Aroer,  which 

'■'i2.";.^^' ^^"  ^*"'  i^  ^y  *'^^  "ver  Arnon,  and  half  Mount  Gilead,  ^and    the  cities  thereof, 

z  Jos.  13. 29.  gave  I  unto  the  Reubenites  and  to  the  Gadites.  ^^  And  ''the  rest  of 
Gilead,  and  all  Bashan,  being  the  kingdom  of  Og,  gave  I  unto  the 
half  tribe  of  Manasseh  ;  all  the  region  of  Argob,  with  all  Bashan,  which 

a  1  ch.  2. 22.  ^vas  Called  the  land  of  giants.  ^^  Jair  "the  son  of  Manasseh  took  all 
the  country  of  Argob  Hmto  the  coasts  of  Geshuri  and  Maachathi ;  and 
"called  them  after  his  own  name,  Bashan-havoth-jair,  unto  this  day. 
^^  And  ''I  gave  Gilead  unto  Machir.  ^^  And  unto  the  Reubenites  'and 
unto  the  Gadites  I  gave  from  Gilead  even  unto  the  river  Arnon   half 

/Nu.21.24.  the  valley,  and  the  border  even  unto  the  river  Jabbok,  Avhich  is  the 
border  of  the  children  of  Ammon;  ^'''the  plain  also,  and   Jordan,  and 

if"' lis'        the  coast  thereof,   from  "Chinnereth ''even  unto  the   sea  of  the  plain, 

iGe.14.3.  'even  the  Salt  Sea,  *under  Ashdoth-pisgah  eastward. 

*  Or,  under  tiw         18  "  And  I  Commanded  you  at  that  time,  saying, '  The  Lord  your  God 

springs  of  Pui-      ii-  t-ii  •iii  ii^- 

ga!i,  ot,  the  hill,  natn  given  you  this  land  to  possess  it:  ^ye  shall  pass  over  armed  before 

1  «"u^^' ^''' /"'■  your  brethren  the  children  of  Israel,  all   that  are  tmeet  for  the   war. 

t  Heb.  soHS «/  iqT->.  •  ,  i-i  i  i/rri  i 

poioer.  '^  But  your  Wives,  and  your  little  ones,  and  your  cattle,  (tor  1  know  that 

ye  have  much  cattle),  shall  abide  in  your  cities  which  I  have  given 
you,  until  the  Lord  have  given  rest  unto  your  brethren,  as  well  as  un- 
to you,  and  until  they  also  possess  the  land  which  the  J^ord  your  God 

fc Jos.  22.4.  i^g^j-j  giygj^  them  beyond  Jordan  ;  and  then  shall  ye  ''return  every  man 

unto  his  possession,  which  I  have  given  you.' 

iNa.  27.  18.  21  ic  ^,^^j  /J  Commanded  Joshua  at  that  time,  saying,  '  Thine  eyes  have 

seen  all  that  the  Lord  your  God  hath  done  unto  these  two  kings  ;  so 

VOL.    I.  X 


t  Nu.  27.  18,  23. 


DLe 

.19 

37 

& 

20. 

8.  &22 

31. 

De 

5.  1 

.  & 

Ez. 

20. 

11. 

Ro. 

10. 

5. 

VI  De.  19 

.32.  Jos 

1.7 

.Pr 

30 

.  6. 

Ec. 

12. 

13. 

Re. 

22. 

18, 

19. 

zNu 

.25 

4, 

&c. 

Jos 

22. 

17. 

Ps. 

278  MOSES'  SPEECH,  REHEARSING  [Period  HI. 

shall  the  Lord  do  unto  all  the  kingdoms  whither  thou  passest.  ^aye 
mEx,i4. 14.  shall  not  fear  them  ;  "'for  the  Lord  your  God  he  shall  fight  for  you.' 
«gS|e 2  Co.  12.  23  ^^^j  "J  besought  the  Lord  at  that  time,  saying,  ^^ '  O  Lord  God  !  thou 
oDe.11.2.  hast  begun  to  show  thy  servant  "thy  greatness,  and  thy  mighty  hand  ; 
'«^^*  ^.^"  D  ^^"i    for  ^'what  God  is  there  in  heaven  or  in  earth,  that  can  do  according  to 

&  lo.  U.  Ps.  71.  •     1  o-  T  1  1 

19. & 89. 6,8.  thy  works,  and  according  to  thy  might?  "^■' 1  pray  thee,  let  me  go  over, 
jEx.  3.  8.  and  see  'tlie  good  land  that  is  beyond  Jordan,  that  goodly  mountain, 

'■Nu.  20j^i2.^jc  and  Lebanon.'  -"^  But  the  Lord  'was  wroth  with  me  for  your  sakes,  and 
32!  *  *  "  would  not  hear  me  ;  and  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  '  Let  it  suffice  thee-; 
«Nu.27. 12.  speak  no  more  unto  me  of  this  matter.  -"Get  "thee  up  into  the  top  of 
XOi,tiiehiu.  tPisgah,  and  lift  up  thine  eyes  westward,  and  northward,  and  south- 
w^ard,  and  eastward,  and  behold  it  with  thine  eyes  ;  for  thou  shalt  not 
go  over  this  Jordan.  ~^  But  'charge  Joshua,  and  encourage  him,  and 
strengthen  him  ;  for  he  shall  go  over  before  this  people,  and  he  shall 
cause  them  to  inherit  the  land  which  thou  shalt  see.'  ^'^  So  we  abode  in 
"the  valley  over  against  Beth-peor. 

^  "  Now  therefore  hearken,  O  Israel !  unto  "the  statutes  and     Deut.  iv. 
unto  the  judgments,  which  I  teach  you,  for  to  do   them,  that 
ye  may  live,  and  go  in  and  possess  the  land  which  the  Lord   God  of 
your  fathers  giveth  you.  ~  Ye  '"shall  not  add   unto  the  word  which  I 
command  you,  neither  shall  ye   diminish   aught  from   it,  that  ye    may 
keep  the  commandments  of  the  Lord  your  God  which  I  command  you. 
^  Your  eyes  have  seen  what  the  Lord  did  because   of  "^Baal-peor ;  for 
all  the  men  that  followed  Baal-peor,  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  destroyed 
them  from  among  you.  '^  But  ye  that  did  cleave  unto   the  Lord  your 
God  are  alive  every  one  of  you  this  day.  ^  Behold,  I  have  taught  you 
statutes  and  judgments,  even  as  the   Lord   my  God   commanded   me, 
that  ye  should  do  so  in  the  land  whither  ye  go  to   possess  it.  ^  Keep 
y  See  Job  28. 28.   therefore  and  do  them  ;  for  this  is  ''your  wisdom  and  your  understand- 
ing in  the  sight  of  the  nations,  which  shall   hear  all  these  statutes,  and 
say.  Surely  this  great  nation  is  a  wise  and  understanding  people  !  '''  For 
j2Sa.7.  23.        *what  nation  is  there  so  great,  who   hath  "God   so  nigh  unto  them,  as 
"la&Hs!  hMs!  the  Lord  our  God  is  in  all  tilings  that  we  call  upon  him  for  ?  ^  And  what 
^-  ^-  nation  is  there  so  great  that  hath  statutes  and  judgments  so  righteous 

as  all  this  law,  which  I  set  before  you  this  day  ?  '-"Only  take  heed  to 
jpr.  4.23.  thyself,  ''and  keep  thy  soul  diligently,  'lest  thou  forget  the  things  which 

c^Pr.  3. 1, 3.  &  4.  j.j^j,-,g  gygg  j^jjyg  sGen,  and  lest  they  depart  from  thy  heart  all  the  days 
dSeeGe.  18.  19.  of  thy  life;  but ''teach  them   thy  sons,  and  thy  sons'  sons.  '°  Specially 
e  Ex.  19. 9, 16.  &  'the  day  that  thou  stoodest  before  the  Lord  thy  God  in  Horeb,  when 
18',  19'.    ^'  ""    the  Lord  said   unto  me,  '  Gather   me   the  people   together,  and  I  will 
make  them  hear  my  words,  that  they  may  learn  to  fear  me  all  the  days 
that  they  shall  live  upon  the  earth,  and  that  they  may  teach  their  chil- 
/Ex.  19.  18.  De.  drcu.'   ^^  And  ye  came  near  and   stood  under  the  mountain  ;  and  -^the 
*Heh. heart.        mountain  burned  with  fire  unto  the  *midst   of  heaven,  with   darkness, 
g  De.  5. 4, 22.      clouds,  and  thick  darkness.  ^^  And  ^the  Lord  spake  unto  you  out  of  the 
midst  of  the  fire  :  ye  heard  the  voice  of  the  words,  but  saw  no  simili- 
^Heh.  save  a       ^^jg  .  fonlv  vc  hcard  a  voice.   ^-^  And  ''he  declared  unto  you   his   cove- 

votce,  L.X.  20. 22.  ^  J    J  •' 

iKi.  19.  ]:>.  nant,  which  he  commanded  you  to  perform,  even  'ten  conuuandments  ; 
*Ex  34%^'  and^he  wrote  them  upon  two  tables  of  stone.  '^  And  *the  Lord  com- 
i  Ex!  24!  12!  &     manded  me  at  that  time  to  teach  you  statutes  and  judgments,  that  ye 

might  do  them  in  the  land  whither  ye  go  over  to  possess  it. 

^^ "  Take  'ye  therefore  good  heed  unto  yourselves,  (for  ye  saw  no 
^^  jg  manner  of  "'similitude  on  the  day  that  the  Lord  spake  unto  you  in 
rEx.33.7."  Horeb  out  of  the  midst  of  the  fire  ;)  "^Icst  "ye  corrupt  yourselves,  and 
0  Ex.  20. 4,  .5.  "make  you  a  graven  image,  the  similitude  of  any  figure,  ''the  likeness 
pRo.  1.23.  ^j.  ^j^^ig  ^j.  fg,',^j^]g^  nthg  likeness  of  any  beast  that  is  on  the  earth,  the 

likeness  of  any  winged  fowl  that  fiietli  in  the  air,  ^Hhc  likeness  of  any 


fcEx.  21.  l.&cl 
xxii.fc  ch.xxii 
Z  Jos.  23.  11. 


Part  VIIL]  THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  ISRAELITES.  279 

thing  that  creepeth  on  the  ground,  the  hkeness  of  any  fish  that  is  in 
^fob3i%c<'-v'  ^'^^  waters  beneath  the  earth  ;  ^'^  and  lest  thou  'lift  up  thine  eyes  unto 
heaven,  and  when  thou  seest  the  sun,  and  the  moon,  and  the  stars,  even 
"^fe.'&.'luf!'^''  '^aJI  the  host  of  heaven,  shouldestbe  driven  to  'worsliip  them,  and  serve 
sRo.i.25.  them,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  tdivided  unto  all  nations  under 
M^Ki'nri  ^'^^  ^^'^^^®  heaven,  ^o  But  the  Lord  hath  taken  you,  and  'brought  you 
11.4.  "^ '  "'  forth  out  of  the  iron  furnace,  even  out  of  Egypt,  "to  be  unto  him  a 
a  See  Ge.  17. 8.    people  of  inheritance,  as  ye  are  this  day. 

t)Nu.  20. 12.  21  u  Furthermore  'the  Lord  was  angry  with  me  for  your  sakes,  and 

sware  that  I  should  not  go  over  Jordan,  and  that  I  should  not  go  in 
unto  that  good  land,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee  for  an  inherit- 
»see2Pe.i.i3-  ^,-,pg  .  22  ^ut  '1  must  die  in  this  land,  I  must  not  go  over  Jordan  ;  but 
ye  shall  go  over,  and  possess  that  good  land.  ^^Take  heed  unto  your- 
selves, lest  ye  forget  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  your  God,  which  he  made 
X  Ex.  20. 4, 5.      vvith  you,  ^and  make  you  a  graven  image,  or  the  likeness  of  any  thing, 
^J.'i4%Y.'i2!'    which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  forbidden  thee.  ^^  For  '•'the  Lord  thy 
29-  God  is  a  consuming  fire — even  "a  jealous  God  ! 

42!  8.  "■  ^"  "'"'  When  thou  shalt  beget  children,  and  children's  children,  and  ye 
shall  have  remained  long  in  the  land,  and  shall  corrupt  yourselves,  and 
a2Ki.  17. 17,  make  a  graven  image,  or  the  likeness  of  any  thing,  "and  shall  do  evil 
i De. 30. 18, 19.  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  thy  God,  to  provoke  him  to  anger;  ~^l  'call 
6.2.'  '  '°"  heaven  and  earth  to  witness  against  you  this  day,  that  ye  shall  soon 
utterly  perish  from  of}' the  land  whereunto  ye  go  over  Jordan  to  possess 
it ;  ye  shall  not  prolong  your  days  upon  it,  but  shall  utterly  be  de- 


£  Le.  26.  33.  De.     of  rr^vcrl      27 


1.8. 

dDe.  23.  64. 

1  Sa.  26.  19.  Je. 

16.  13. 
e  Ps.  115.  4,  5, 


62, 64.  Ne.    stroycd.  ^'^  And  the  Lord  'shall  scatter  you  among  the  nations,  and  ye 

shall  be  left  few  in  number  among  the  heathen,  whither  the  Lord  shall 

lead  you.  ^s  And  ''there  ye  shall  serve  gods,  the  work  of  men's  hands, 

wood  and  stone,  'which  neither  see,  nor  hear,  nor  eat,  nor  smell.  -^  But 

is'44!^9.V'      -^if  from  thence  thou  shalt  seek  the  Lord  thy  God,  thou  shalt  find  him, 

fhe'^^r.  39  40  ^^  ^^^^"  ^^^^  ^""^  ^'""'^  ^^^  ^'^y  '^^^*'*  ^"^  W'^h  all  thy  soul.  ^^^  When  thou 
De! 30.' 1,2, 3!  art  in  tribulation,  and  all  these  things  *are  come  upon  thee,  even  "in 
h%W,%te!7.  the  latter  days,  if  thou  'turn  to  the  Lord  thy  God,  and  shalt  be  obedient 
Je. 29  12-14.      u„to  his  voicc,  =^1  (for  the   Lord  thy  God  is  'a  merciful  God,)  he  will 

*  Heo.  nave  found  rii  -ii  i  /.  /-i 

thee.  Ex.  18. 8.  uot  torsakc  thcc,  neither  destroy  thee,  nor  forget  the  covenant  of  thy 
fseeGe^49.  1.    fathers  wliicli  he  sware  unto  them. 

A  Joel  2. 12^  ^  32  a  p^^^.  ;^s,j.  j^q^  ^f  ^j-,g  ^^^^  ^j^^j  ^^.^  p^^^^  which  wcrc  bcforc  thee, 

since  the  day  that  God  created  man  upon  the  earth,  and  ask  *from 
the  one  side  of  heaven  unto  the  other,  whether  there  hath  been  any 
such  thing  as  this  great  thing  is,  or  hath  been  heard  like  it  ?  ^^  Did 
jEx.24.n.&33.  'ever  people  hear  the  voice  of  God  speaking  out  of  the  midst  of  the 
fire,  as  thou  hast  heard,  and  live  ?  ^^  Or  hath  God  assayed  to  go  and 
take  him  a  nation  from  the  midst  of  another  nation,  "'by  temptations, 
Ex.7.  3.  "by  signs,  and  by  wonders,  and  by  war,  and   "by  a  mighty  hand,  and 

"IxeV'  ^^^  ^  stretched-out  arm,  'and  by  great  terrors,  according  to  all  that 
5  Do.  25. 8.  &34.  the  Lord  your  God  did  for  you  in  Egypt  before  your  eyes  ?  ^^  Unto  thee 
^■^-  it  was  showed,  that  thou  mightest  know  that  the  Lord  he   is  God  ; 

''2°2.  Is!  45/.5^*'  'there  is  none  else  besides  him.  ^^  Out  'of  heaven  he  made  thee  to  hear 
29'  32'  ^^^'  ^^'  ^^^  voice,  that  he  might  instruct  thee  :  and  upon  earth  he  showed  thee 
sEx.  19. 9, 19.  &  his  great  fire  ;  and  thou  heardest  his  words  out  of  the  midst  of  the  fire. 
^^  And  because  'he  loved  thy  fathers,  therefore  he  chose  their  seed  after 
them,  and  "brought  thee  out  in  his  sight  with  his  mighty  power  out 
7^i?& 9.",  ^^  ^o.ypt ;  ^^  fo  "diive  out  nations  from  before  thee  greater  and  mightier 
than  thou  art,  to  bring  thee  in,  to  give  thee  their  land  for  an  inheritance, 
as  it  is  this  day. 

^^ "  Know  therefore  this  day,  and  consider  it  in  thy  heart,  that  "the 
Lord  he  is  God  in  heaven  above,  and  upon  the  earth  beneath  :  there  is 
none  else.  '^^  Thou  ""shalt  keep  therefore  his  statutes,  and  his  command- 


t  2  Ch.  30.  9.  N 
9.31.  Ps.  116.5 
Jonah  4.  2. 

j  Job  8.  8. 

k  Mat.  24.  31. 


20. 

771  De.  7.  19.  & 
,3. 


20.  18,23.  &  24 
16.  He.  12.  18. 
t  De.  10.  15. 


iDe.  7.  1.& 
4,5 


280  MOSES'  SPEECH  CONTINUED,  [Period  IIL 

"a^isVia^as'   "^^^^s,  which  I  command  thee  this  day,  "that  it  may  go  well  with  thee, 


6.3. 


SEC. 

LXXVIII. 

A. 

.M.  2.i53. 

B. 

C.  1451. 

11a 

LE9,  1607. 

Abel-shittim. 

aNu 

.  35.  6,  14. 

2>De. 

19.4. 

CJ03. 

.20.8. 

22.7.  Ep.  and  with  thy  children  after  thee,  and   that  thou  mayest  prolong  thy 
days  upon  the  earth,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee,  for  ever." 

Sect.  LXXVIII. 3Ioses  appoints  three  Cities   of  Refuge. 

Deut.  iv.  41,  to  the  aid. 

*^  Then  Moses  "severed  three  cities  on  this  side  Jordan  toward  the  sun 
rising  ;  •*-  that  'the  slayer  might  flee  thither,  which  should  kill  his  neigh- 
bour unawares,  and  hated  him  not  in  times  past ;  and  that  fleeing  unto 
one  of  these  cities  he  might  live :  "*^  namely,  "Bezer  in  the  wilderness, 
in  the  plain  country,  of  the  Reubenites  ;  and  Ramoth  in  Gilead,  of  the 
Gadites  ;  and  Golan  in  Bashan,  of  the  Manassites. 

'^^  And  this  is  the  law  which  Moses  set  before  tlie  children  of  Israel. 
'^^  These  are  the  testimonies,  and  the  statutes,  and  the  judgments,  which 
Moses  spake  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  after  they  came  forth  out  of 
Egypt,  ■*'^on  this  side  Jordan,  ''in  the  valley  over  against  Belh-peor,  in 
the  land  of  Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites,  who  dwelt  at  Heshbon,  whom 
^''-  Moses  and  the  children  of  Israel  'smote,  after  they  were  come  forth 
/nJ.21.35.  De.  out  of  Egypt.  ^^  And  they  possessed  his  land,  and  the  land -^of  Og  king 
"*■  "^'  ■*■  of  Bashan,  two  kings  of  the  Amorites,  which  were  on  this  side  Jordan 
g  De.  2. 36.  &.  3.  tovvard  the  sun  rising  ;  '*'^  from  °  Aroer,  which  is  by  the  bank  of  the  river 
h  De.  3. 9.  Pg.  Amou,  cvcn  unto  Mount  Sion,  which  is  ''Hermon,  '*'•'  and  all  the  plain 
on  this  side  Jordan  eastward,  even  unto  the  sea  of  the  plain,  under 
the  'springs  of  Pisgah. 

SECT.  LXXix.  Section  LXXIX. Moses'  Speech    continued; — Repetition    of  the  Moral 

Law ; — His  Exhortation  to  Obedience. 

A.   M.  2553.  T^  ,      . 

B.  C.  1451.  ^^"^-  ^-  ""'^  ^'- 

Hales    1607  -^''^  covenant  in  Horeb.     6  The  ten  comma7idinents.     22  At  the  people's  request  Moses  receiveth  the 
'          '  laio  from  God. — Chap.  vi.   Tlie  end  of  the  law  is  obedience.     Z  An  exhortation  thereto. 

—  "         ^  And  Moses  called  all  Israel,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Hear,  O  Israel ! 

the  statutes  and  judgments  which  I  speak  in  your  ears  this  day,  that  ye 
*  Heb.  keep  to  Oo  may  Icam  them,  and  *keep,  and  do  them.  ^  The  "Lord  our  God  made 
o'eTocI  19  5  ^  covenant  with  us  in  Horeb.  ^  The  Lord  'made  not  this  covenant  with 
J  See  Mat.  13.17.  our  fathcis,  but  with  us,  even  us,  who  are  all  of  us  here  alive  this  day. 
He.  8. 9.  4  'pj^Q  'Lord  talked  with  you  face  to  face  in  the  mount  out  of  the  midst 

'iio^'m.'  '  '  of  the  fire,  ^(I  ''stood  between  the  Lord  and  you  at  that  time,  to  show 
d Ex.  20. 21.  Gal.  jq^  ^h^  word  of  the  Lord  ;  for  'ye  were  afraid  by  reason  of  the  fire,  and 
eEx.  19. 16.        went  not  up  into  the  mount ;)  saying, — 

/See  Ge.  17. 8.  i  6  a  c  J  /^^^  ^j^g  LoRD  thy  God,  which  brought  thee  out  of  the  land  of 
t  Heb.  servants.     Egrypt  fj-Qm  the  housc  of  tbondagc.  "  Thou  "shall  have  none  other  gods 

g  Ex.  20.  3.  ,    'V 

before  me. 

A  Ex.  20. 4.  8a;  xhou  ''shalt  not  make  thee  any  graven  image,  or  any  likeness  of 

any  thing  that  is  in  heaven  above,  or  that  is  in  the  earth  beneath,  or 
or  that  is  in  the  waters  beneath  the  earth.  '•*  Thou  shalt  not  bow  down 
tiiyself  unto  them,  nor  serve  them  ;  for  I  the  Lord  thy  God  am  a  jeal- 

i  Ex.  34. 7.  ous  God,  'vi.siting  the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children  unto  the 

j.To.  32.  18.  Da.  third  and  fourth  generation  of  them  that  hate  me,  ^'^  and  'showing mercy 
unto  thousands  of  them  that  love  me  and  keep  my  commandments. 

k  Ex.  20.  7.  Lo.       11 "  '  Thou  ''shalt  not  take  the  name  of  the  Lord  thv  God  in  vain  ;  for 

19     ]■'*      Mat    5  .       '  .  . 

33! the  Lord  will  not  hold  him  guiltless  that  taketh  his  name  in  vain. 

I  Ex.  20. 8.  12"  'Keep  'the  Sabbath  day  to  sanctify  it,  as  the  Lord  thy  God  hath 

mSeeGu.2. 2.  commanded  thee.  ^^  Six  "'days  thou  shalt  labor,  and  do  all  thy  work: 
i"*  but  the  seventh  day  is  the  Sabbath  of  the  Lord  thy  God  :  in  it  thou 
shalt  not  do  any  work,  thou,  nor  thy  son,  nor  thy  daughter,  nor  thy 
manservant,  nor  thy  maidservant,  nor  thine  ox,  nor  thine  ass,  nor  any 
of  thy  cattle,  nor   thy  stranger  that  is  within  thy  gates  ;  that  thy  man- 

nDe.  15. 15.        servant  and   thy  maidservant  may  rest  as  well   as  thou.  ^^And  "re- 


e  Nu.  21.  24 
1.4. 


133.  3, 
t  De.  3, 


Part  VIII.]  "  REHEARSING  THE  MORAL  LAW.  281 

member  that  thou  wast  a  servant  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  that  the 
Lord  thy  God  brought  thee  out  thence  through  a  mighty  hand  and  by 
a  stretched-out  arm :  therefore  the  Lord  thy  God  commanded  thee  to 
keep  the  Sabbath  day.  i     r^    i   i    .1 

n  Ex.  20. 12.  Le.       !« '"  Houor  "thy  father  and  thy  mother,  as  the  Lord  thy  God  liatli 

s'c^i.^a'ao"-^'  commanded  thee  ;  that  thy  days  maybe  prolonged,  and  that  it  may  go 
well  with  thee,  in  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee. 

P  Ex.  20. 13.  17  u  i  ^[loxx  ''shalt  not  kill. 

'i8:''-2o.°'/al?2.  n:       ^^ "  '  Neither  'shalt  thou  commit  adultery. 

r  Ex.  20. 15.  19 '"  Neither  '^shalt  thou  steal. 

^  Ex.  20. 16,  20  a  c  Neither  'shalt  thou  bear  false  witness  against  thy  neighbour. 

t  Ex.  20. 17.  21  u  c  Neither  'shalt  thou  desire  thy  neighbour's  wife,  neither  shalt  thou 

covet  thy  neighbour's  house,  his  field,  or  his  manservant,  or  his  maid- 
servant, his  o.x,  or  his  ass,  or  any  thing  that  is  thy  neighbour's.' 

22  "  These  words  the  Lord  spake  unto  all  your  assembly  in  the  mount 
out  of  the  midst  of  the  fire,  of  the  cloud,  and  of  the  thick  darkness, 

B  Ex.  24. 12.        vvith  a  great  voice  :  and  he  added  no  more.     And  "he  wrote  them  in 

,,  Ex.  20. 18, 19.  two  tables  of  stone,  and  delivered  them  unto  me|  ^^  And  "it  came  to 
pass,  when  ye  heard  the  voice  out  of  the  midst  of  the  darkness,  (for 
the  mountain  did  burn  with  fire,)  that  ye  came  near  unto  me,  even  all 
the  heads  of  your  tribes,  and  your  elders  ;  -"'and  ye  said,  '  Behold,  the 

,.Ex.i9. 19.  Loj^o  our  God  hath  showed  us  his  glory  and  his  greatness,  and  '"we 
have  heard  his  voice  out  of  the  midst  of  the  fire  :   we  have  seen   this 

xsee  Ge.  32. 30.   Jay  that  God  doth  talk  with  man,  and  he  "liveth.  ^^  Now  therefore  why 

X  Heb.  add  to      should  wc  die  ?  for  this  great  fire  will  consume  us  :  if  we  thear  the  voice 

kear.  De.  18.  16.    ^^  ^^^  ^^^^   ^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^   ^j^^^^   ^^^  ^^^jj  ^j^^    oc  p^j.  ^J^^  Jg  t^Cre 

of  all  flesh,  that  hath  heard  the  voice  of  the  living  God  speaking  out 
of  the  midst  of  the  fire,  as  we  have,  and  lived  ?  ^'  Go  thou  near,  and 
SjI ^- |o- 19-  "«•  hear  all  that  the  Lord  our  God  shall  say  ;  and  'speak  thou  unto  us  all 
tliat  the  Lord  our  God  shall  speak  unto  thee,  and  we  will  hear  it,  and 
do  it.' 

28"  And  the  Lord  heard  the  voice  of  your  words,  when  ye  spake  unto 

me  ;  and  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  'I  have  heard  the  voice  of  the  words 

zDe.18.17.        of  this  people,  which  they  have  spoken  unto  thee.   "'They  have  well 

"sV^'if  ■  il'  J''  sai*^  ^^^  t'^^t  t''®y  ^^^'^  spoken— '^'J  O  "that  there   were  such  a  heart  m 

m.  Mat.  23. 37.  them,  that  they  would  fear  me,  and  keep  all  my  commandments  always, 

that  it  might  be  well  with  them,  and  with  their  children  for  ever  !  ^o  Go 

say  to  them.  Get  you  into  your   tents  again,  ^i  But  as  for  thee,  stand 

6  Gal.  3. 19.         thou  here  by  me,  'and  I  will  speak  unto  thee  all  the   commandments, 

and  the  statutes,  and  the  judgments,  which  thou  shalt  teach  them,  that 

they  may  do  them  in  the  land  which  I  give  them  to  possess  it.'  ^2  Ye 

shall  observe  to  do  therefore  as  the  Lord  your  God  hath  commanded 

cDe.  17.20.  .los.  you  ;  'yc  shall  not  turn  aside  to  the  right  hand  or  to  the  left.  ^^  Ye  shall 

d  De'  fo''  P.\.  walk  in  ''all  the  ways  which  the  Lord  your  God  hath  commanded  you, 

iig.'o  ■je:"7.23.  tliat  ye  may  live,  and  that  it  may  be  well  with  you,  and   that   ye  may 

Luke  1.  tj.  .'  ,  •         1        1         1        1  •    1  I,    II 

prolong  your  days  in  the  land  which  ye  shall  possess, 
e  De.  12. 1.  1  "  Now  thcsc  are  'the  commandments,  the  statutes,  and  the     I^^ut.  vi. 

judgments,  which  the  Lord  your  God  commanded  to  teach 
*  ueh.  pass  over,  you,  that  yo  might  do  them  in  the  land  whither  ye  *go  to  possess  it; 
/E|-20-  20.^  P^.  2  that  ^thou  mightest  fear  the  Lord  thy  God,  to  keep  all  his  statutes,  and 
13-'  '  "'  "'  his  commandments,  which  I  command  thee,  thou,  and  thy  son,  and  thy 
g  pr.  3. 1, 2.  son's  son,  all  the  days  of  thy  life  ;  ^and  that  thy  days  may  be  prolonged. 
A  Ge.^15. 5.  3 ,,  jj^^^.  therefore,  O  Israel !  and  observe  to  do  it ;  that  it  may  be  well 

jis^42.  8.  Ma,k  with  thcc,  and  that  ye  may  increase  mightily,  ''as  the  Lord  God  of  thy 


„.„..  '■  '"''"'  fathers  hath  promised  thee,  in  Hhe  land  that  floweth  with   milk^  and 

iDe.'io.  12.  Wat.  houcy.  '^  Hear,  ^O  Israel  !  The  Lord  our  God  is  one  Lord  ;  ^  and  Hhou 

shalt  love  the  Lord  thy  God  'with  all  thy  heart,  and  with  all  thy  soul, 


22.  37. 
J  2  Ki.  23.25. 


VOL,  I.  :]() 


*x 


282  MOSES'  SPEECH  CONTINUED ;  [Period  IIL 


mDe.  1 
37.  31. 
19.51.7. 


pf's^s"  ^"*^  ^^^^^  ^"^  *'^y  iiiigl't-  ^  And  "'these   words,  which   I   command  thee 

this  day,  shall  be  in  thy  heart;  "and  "thou  shalt  fteach  them  dilifjently 

''e^p!*6*^4;  ^^'  ^^'  unto  thy  children,  and  shalt  talk  of  them  when   thou   sittest   in   thy 

t  Heb.  whet,  or,    housc,  and  wheu  thou  walkest  by  the  way,  and  when  thou  liest  down, 

/Er'ilg,  16.     ^""^  vvhen  thou  risest  up.  ^And  "thou  shalt  bind  them  for  a  sign  upon 

Pr/3_.3.  &(i.'->i.  thy   hand,  and  they  shall  be  as  frontlets   between    thine  eyes.  ^  And 

p  Do.  n.  20.  Is.    ''thou  shalt  write  them  upon  the  posts  of  thy  house,  and  on  thy  gates. 

57- s-    ~^'  '■         10  "  And  it  shall  be,  when  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  liave  brought  thee 

5  See  Ge.  12. 7.     -^^^^  y^j^^  j^^^^  which  he  swarc  unto  thy  fathers,  to  Abraham,  to  Isaac, 

rJo9. 24. 13.  Ps.   and  to  Jacob,  to  give  thee  great  and  goodly  cities,  '^which  thou   build- 

loo.  44.  ^^jgj^  ^^^^  11  ^^^^  houses  full  of  all  good  things,  which  thou   filledst  not, 

and  wells  digged,  which  thou  diggedst  not,  vineyards  and   olive  trees, 

which  thou  plantedst  not  ;  when  thou  shalt  have   eaten   and   be  full  ; 

^^  then  beware  lest  thou  forget  the  Lord,  which  brought  thee  forth  out 

^o"tcr«a«lr"'    of  the  land  of  Egypt,  from  the  house  of  tbondage.   ^^Thou  shalt  Tear 

sDe.  10. 12,20.    the  LoRD  thy  God,  and  serve  him,  and  'shalt  swear  by  his  name.  ^"^  Ye 

tPs^'es  n  I.      shall  not  "go  after  other  gods,  "of  the  gods   of  the   people   which  are 

45!'23."je."4."2.    rouud  about  you,  1^  (for  "the  Lord  thy  God   is  a  jealous   God  among 

IdI'  ?3^7'         y®^  •)  ^^^^^  *'^®  anger  of  the  Lord  thy  God  be  kindled  against  thee,  and 

joEx.  20. 5.         destroy  thee  from  oft' the  face  of  the  earth. 

zDe.  11.17.  ly  Ye  ^shall  not  tempt  the  Lord  your  God,  ^as  ye  tempted  him   in 

l^^\y'l\       Massah.  ^'^  Ye  shall  "diligently  keep  the  commandments   of  the  Lord 
Nu.'2o.3,4'.  I'co.  your  God,  and  his  testimonies,  and  his  statutes,  which  he  hath   com- 
aDe?'ii.  13,22.    mauded  thee.  ^^  And  thou  'shalt  do  that  which  is  right  and  good  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord  ;  that  it  may  be  well  with  thee,  and  that  thou  mayest 
go  in  and  possess  the  good  land  which  the  Lord  sware  unto  thy  fathers, 
Nu.  33. 52, 53.    i9|.q  "^castout  all  thiuo  enemies  from  before  thee,  as  the  Lord  hath  spoken. 
^°"And  ''when  thy  son  asketh  thee  *in  time  to  come,  saying.  What 
mean  the  testimonies,  and  the  statutes,  and  the  judgments,  which  the 
Lord  our  God  hath  commanded  you  ?  ^^  Then  thou  shalt  say  unto  thy 
son.  We   were  Pharaoh's  bondmen  in  Egypt ;   and  the  Lord  brought 
us  out  of  Egypt  'with  a  mighty  hand.  2~  And  -'^the  Lord  showed  signs 
and  wonders,  great  and  tsore,  upon   Egypt,  upon  Pharaoh,  and   upon 
all  his  household,  before  our  eyes  ;  ^^  and  he  brought  us  out  from  thence, 
\neb.  evil.  that  he  might  bring  us  in,  to  give  us  the  land  which  he  sware  unto  our 

fathers.  ~^  And  the  Lord  commanded  us  to  do  all  these  statutes,  to 
^3!;*.''7,^8;  j!!:  32I'  fear  the  Lord  our  God,  "for  our  good  always,  that  'he  might  preserve 
'•^'•'-  us  alive,  as  it  is  at  this  day.  -^  And  'it  shall  be  our  righteousness,  if  we 

'ps?4i.'2.Lu.io!  observe  to  do  all  these  commandments  before  the  Lord   our  God,  as 
■^'unn  ,A         he  hath  commanded  us. 

t  Job  29.  14. 

Section  LXXX. 3Ioscs'  Speech  continued ; — Alliances  with  foreign  Na- 

SECT.   LXXX.  tions  forbidden ; — His  Exhortation. 

Deut.  vii.  and  viii. 

All  communion  with  the  nations  is  forbidden,  ^forfearofidolatnj,  &  for  the  holiness  of  the  people. 
D.  y..  n,)i.  2  for  the  nature  of  God  in  his  mercy  and  justice,  M  for  the  assuredness  of  rictory  ichich  God  ivitl 

lUuts,  1G07.  g^^.g  g^gi.  iiiem,  —  C\\di\i.  viii.  An  exhortation  to  obedience  in  regard  of  God's  dealing  with  them. 

Abei-sMttim.         , ,,  WuKN  the  "LoRD  thy  God  shall  bring  thee  into  the  land  whither 
0P9. 44.2,3.       thou  goest  to  possess  it,  and  hath  cast  out   many  nations  before  thee, 

JGe.  15.  '  "  -     -         .  .  .     .        ^ 

c  De.  4.  38. 
d  De.  23.  14. 


Ps.  119.  4. 
b  E.\.  15.  26, 


d  Ev.  13.  14. 

*  Heb.  to-morrow. 


e  Ex.  3.  19. 
/Ex.  vii.toxii. 
Ps.  135.  9. 


M.   2553. 
B.  C.  14.) I 


19,  &c.  (the ''Hittites,  and  the  Girgashites,  and  the  Amorites,  and  the  Canaan- 
^.  ....  ^^^^'  '^"^  ^'^^  Perizzites,  and  the  Hivites,  and  the  Jebusites,  seven  na- 
Le. 27.28, 29.  tious  'greater  and  mightier  than  thou  ;)  -and  when  the  Lord  thy  God 
2o"'iMr'j^t  shall  'deliver  them  before  thee,  thou  shalt  smite  them,  and  'utterly 
c- 17. '^  8j^24^&  destroy  them  ;  ^thou  shalt  make  no  covenant  with  them,  nor  show 
40.  &J1.  li.'i-y  mercy  unto  thein.  ^  Neither  ^shalt  thou  make  marriages  with  them; 
^Do.'^.'m,^?.  thy  daughter  thou  shalt  not  give  unto  Iiis  son,  nor  liis  daughter  shalt 
g- Jos.  2.3. 1-2.  thou  take  unto  thy  son.  "*  For  they  will  turn  away  thy  son  from  follow- 
B^rag.^'s^"         i»g  me,  that  they  may  serve  other  gods  ;  so  will  the  anger  of  the  Lord 


*Heb.; 
pillars 
i  See  Ge.  17.  8, 


k  De.  10. 

I  Ex.  32.  13.    Ps, 

105.  8,  9,  10. 
Luke  1.  55,  72. 


Part  VIII.]  ALLIANCES  WITH  NATIONS  FORBIDDEN.  2S3 

be  kindled  against  you,  and  destroy  tliee  suddenly.  ^  But  thus  shall  ye 
A  Ex. -23. 21.  deal  with  them  ;  ye  shall ''destroy  their  altars,  and  break  down  their 
tatues,or,  *iniages,  and  cut  down  their  groves,  and  burn  their  graven  images  with 
fire.  ^  For  'thou  art  a  holy  people  unto  the  Lord  thy  God  ;  the  Lord 
thy  God  hath  chosen  thee  to  be  a  special  people  unto  himself,  above 
all  people  that  are  upon  the  face  of  the  earth.  '  The  Lord  did  not  set 
his  love  upon  you,  nor  choose  you,  because  ye  were  more  in  number 
j  De.  10. 23.  than  any  people,  (for  ye  were  ^  the  fewest  of  all  people  ;)  ^  but  ^because 
the  Lord  loved  you,  and  because  he  would  keep  'the  oath  which  he 
had  sworn  unto  your  fathers,  "hath  the  Lord  brought  you  out  with  a 

'3"." '  "'  mighty  hand,  and  redeemed  you  out  of  the  house   of  bondmen,  from 

m  Ex.  13. 3, 14.  tjjg  hand  of  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt.  '-^  Know  therefore  that  the  Lord 
"1.^9.  &  10.  IS.*"'  thy  God,  he  is  God,  "the  faithful  God,  "which  keepeth  covenant  and 
1  Thes!"5.^24.  nicrcy  with  them  that  love  him  and  keep  his  commandments  to  a 
~  Tinf -^^'il  thousand  generations,  ^°  and  ^repayeth  them  that  hate  him  to  their  face. 
He.  11.11.  iJo.  to  destroy  them:  'he  will  not  be  slack  to  him  that  hateth  him,  he  will 
0  Ex.  20. 6.  repay  him  to  his  face.  ^^  Thou  shalt  therefore  keep  the  commandments, 
»is^59.  18.  Na.  and  the  statutes,  and  the  judgments,  which  I  command  thee  this  day, 

q  De.  32.  35.  tO  do  them. 

r  Le.  26. 3.  12  u  WThereforc  '^it  shall  come  to  pass,  tif  ye  hearken  to  these  judgments, 

t    e  .   ecaace.     ^^^  keep,  and  do  them,  that  the  Lord   thy  God  shall  keep  unto  thee 

the  covenant  and  the  mercy  which  he  sware  unto  thy  fathers  ;  ^^  and 

sjohn  14.21.       he  will  "love  thee,  and  bless  thee,  and  multiply  thee  ;  'he  will  also  bless 

tDe.28. 4.  ^j^g  jPj.^j^  q^  jj^y  womb,  and  the  fruit  of  thy  land,  thy  corn,  and  thy 

wine,  and  thine  oil,  the  increase  of  thy  kine,  and  the  flocks  of  thy  sheep, 

in  the  land  which  he  sware  unto  thy  fathers  to  give   thee.   ^^  Thou 

u  Ex.  23. 26,  &:c.  shalt  be  blessed  above  all  people  ;  "there  shall  not  be  male  or   female 

barren  among  you,  or  among  your  cattle.  ^^  And  the  Lord  will   take 

''Ex. 9. 14. &  15.  away  from  thee  all  sickness,  and  will  put  none  of  the  "evil  diseases  of 

Egypt,  which  thou  knowest,  upon  thee  ;  but  will  lay  them  upon  all 

them  that  hate  thee. 

^''"  And  thou  shalt  consume  all  the  people  which  the  Lord  thy  God 

jcDe.  13. 6.         ghall  deliver  thee,  "thine  eye  shall  have  no  pity  upon   them;  neither 

^^Ex.23. 33.  Ps.  shalt  thou  serve  their  gods,  for  that  will  be  ""a  snare  unto   thee.  ^'''If 

thou  shalt  say  in  thy  heart,  These  nations  are  more  than  I ;  how  can  I 

''f!"'of".^^'        ^dispossess  them  ?  ^^Thou  ""shalt  not  be  afraid  of  them,  but  shalt  well 

"remember  what  the  Lord  thy  God  did  unto  Pharaoh,  and  unto  all 

Egypt ;  ^^  the  great  temptations  which  thine  eyes  saw,  and  the   signs, 

and  the  wonders,  and  the  mighty  hand,  and  the  stretched-out  arm, 

whereby  the  Lord  thy  God  brought  thee  out :  so  shall  the  Lord   thy 

*  Ex.  23. 28.  Jos.  Qod  do  unto  all  the  people  of  whom  thou  art  afraid.  '^^  Moreover  Hhe 

Lord  thy  God  will  send  the  hornet  among  them,  until  they  that  are 

left,  and  hide  themselves  from  thee,  be  destroyed.  ^^  Thou  shalt  not  be 

'^Nu.^11.20.  Jos.  affrighted  at  them;  for  the  Lord  thy  God  'is  among  you,  ''a  mighty 

dDe.  10. 17.  Ne.  God  and  terrible!  "-And  'the  Lord  thy  God  will  tput  out  those   na- 

e  Ex  23  29  30     ^ions  bcforc  thee  by  little  and  little  ;  thou  mayest  not  consume  them  at 

t  Heb.  pluck  off.    once,  lest  the  beasts  of  the  field  increase  upon  thee.  --^  But  the  Lord 

*facf\-efT  '*^  ^^7  ^^^  ^^^^^  deliver  them  *unto  thee,  and  shall  destroy  them  with   a 

/Jos!  10.  24,  25,  mighty  destruction,  until  they  be  destroyed.  ^'^And  ^he   shall   deliver 

^Ex*^if  14^*^    their  kings   into   thy  hand,  and  thou  shalt  destroy  their   name  ^from 

ADe.  11.25.  Jos.  uudcr  hcavcu  ;  ''there  shall  no  man  be  able  to  stand  before  thee,  until 

.^•^-  ^  thou  have  destroyed  them.  ^^The  graven  images  of  their  gods 'shall  ye 

*i  ch.  14.  li.       burn  with  fire  ;  thou  -'shalt  not  desire  the  silver  or  gold  that  is  on  them, 

■'a  Mac'.  12^40.     "°'"  ^^^^  ^^  ^"^*^  thee,  lest  thou  be  ^snared  therein  ;  for  it  is  'an  abomination 

ftju.  8. 27.  zep.  to  the  LoRD  thy  God.  ^"^  Neither  shall  thou  bring  an  abomination  into 

thy  house,  lest   thou  be  a  cursed  thing  like  it ;  but  thou  shalt   utterly 

detest  it,  and  thou  shalt  utterly  abhor  it,  '"for  it  is   a  cursed  thing. 


iDe.  31.  6. 
a  Ps.  105.  5, 


1.3 
ZDe.  17.  1. 
m  Le.  27.  28. 


nDe. 
38,2 

4.  1.  &  5. 
13.  &  6.  1-3. 

0  De. 
136. 
10. 

1.  3.    Ps. 
16.    Am   2. 

pEx. 

16.4. 

5  2  Ch.  32. 31. 
2.25. 

Jo. 

rEx. 

16.  2,  3 

5  Ex. 
35. 

16.  12, 

H, 

t  Ps. 
Mat. 

104.  29 
,4.4. 

BDe. 
9.2] 

29.  5. 

Ne. 

V  2  Sa.  7.  14. 
89.  32.  Pr.  3 
He.  12.  5,  e 
Rev.  3.  19. 

Ps. 
.12. 

10  De. 

5.33. 

X  See  Ex.  3.  8 

1. 

284  MOSES'  SPEECH  CONTINUED,  [Period  III. 

^  "  All  the  commandments  which  I  command  thee  this  day  Deut.  viii. 
shall  "ye  observe  to  do,  that  ye  may  hve,  and  multiply,  and 
go  in  and  possess  the  land  which  the  Lord  sware  unto  your  fathers. 
^  And  thou  shalt  remember  all  the  way  which  the  Lord  thy  God  "led 
thee  these  forty  years  in  the  wilderness,  to  humble  thee,  and  ^to  prove 
thee,  'to  know  what  was  in  thy  heart,  whether  thou  wouldest  keep  his 
commandments,  or  no.  "^And  he  humbled  thee,  and  '^suffered  thee  to 
hunger,  and  "fed  thee  with  manna,  which  thou  knewest  not,  neither 
did  thy  fathers  know ;  that  he  might  make  thee  know  that  man  doth 
'not  live  by  bread  only,  but  by  every  word  that  proceedeth  out  of  the 
mouth  of  the  Lord  doth  man  live.  '^  Thy  "raiment  waxed  not  old  upon 
thee,  neither  did  thy  foot  swell,  these  forty  years.  ^Thou  "shalt  also 
consider  in  thy  heart,  that,  as  a  man  chasteneth  his  son,  so  the  Lord 
thy  God  chasteneth  thee.  ^  Therefore  thou  shalt  keep  the  command- 
ments of  the  Lord  thy  God,  "to  walk  in  his  ways,  and  to  fear  him. 

''  For  the  Lord  thy  God  bringeth  thee  into  a  good   land,  ""a  land  of 
brooks  of  water,  of  fountains  and  depths  that  spring  out  of  valleys  and 
hills  ;  ^a  land  of  wheat,  and  barley,  and  vines,  and  fig  trees,  and  pome- 
tHeb.<!/-oKcctree  granatcs ;  a  land  tof  oil  olive,  and  honey  ;  '-'a  land  wherein  thou  shalt 
eat  bread  without  scarceness,  thou  shalt  not  lack  any  thing  in   it ;  a 
yDe.  33. 25.        jg^j^^j  ^whosc  stoucs  are  iron,  and  out  of  whose  hills  thou  mayest  dig 
brass.  ^°  When  thou  hast  eaten,  and  art  full,  then  thou  shalt  bless  the 
Lord  thy  God  for  the  good  land  which  he  hath  given  thee.  ^^  Beware 
that  thou  forget  not  the  Lord  thy  God,  in  not  keeping  his  command- 
ments, and  his  judgments,  and  his  statutes,  which  I  command  thee  this 
*D6^28^47.^_^Pr.  Jay  !  ^^  Lcst  ^whcu  thou  hast  eaten  and  art  full,  and  hast  built  goodly 
houses,  and  dwelt  therein  ;  ^^  and  when  thy  herds  and  thy  flocks  mul- 
tiply, and  thy  silver  and  thy  gold  is  multiplied,  and  all  that  thou   hast 
a  1  Cor.  4.  7.        is  multiplied :  ^'^  then  "thy  heart  be  lifted  up,  and  thou  'forget  the  Lord 
*Ps.io6.  21.       ^j^y  Q^^  (which  brought  thee  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  from  the 
c  Is.  63. 12-14.      house  of  bondage  ;  ^^  who  'led  thee  through   that  great  and  terrible 
dNu.  21. 6.  Ho.  wilderness  ''wherein  were  fiery  serpents,  and  scorpions,  and   drought, 
eNu^2o.  11.  Ps.  where  there  was  no  water ;  Svho  brought  thee  forth  water  out  of  the 
78.  is.  fQck  of  flint ;  ^^  who  fed  thee  in  the  wilderness  with  -^manna,  which  thy 

/Ex.  16. 1  .  fathers  knew  not,  that  he  might  humble  thee,  and  that  he  might  prove 
^je.^24.5,6. He.  thcc,  ^to  do  tlicc  good  at  thy  latter  end;)  ^'and  ''thou  say  in  thy 
A 1  Cor.  4. 7.  heart.  My  power  and  the  might  of  my  hand  hath  gotten  me  this 
tPr.  10.  22.  Ho.  wealth.  ^'^But  thou  shalt  remember  the  Lord  thy  God;  'for  it  is  he 
^'^'  that  giveth  thee  power  to  get  wealth,  that   he  may  establish  his   cove- 

nant which  he  sware  unto  thy  fathers,  as  it  is  this  day. 

1^ "  And  it  shall  be,  if  thou  do  at  all  forget  the  Lord  thy  God,  and 

jDe.4.26.  walk  after  other  gods,  and  serve  them,  and  worship  them,  •'I   testify 

against  you  this  day  that   ye  shall  surely   perish  !  ~°  As  the   nations 

fc Da. 9. 11,12.     which  the  Lord  destroyeth  before  your  face,  *so  shall  ye  perish;  be- 

cause  ye  would  not  be  obedient  unto  the  voice  of  the  Lord  your  God. 

SECT^xxxi.  gj,^,^    LXXXL 3Ioscs'   Speech  contimml ;— Repetition   of  the  Israelites' 

A.  M.  2553.  Rebellions  ; — His  Exhortation  to  Obedience. 

B.  C.  1451.  Deut.  ix.  and  x.  1-5,  10,  to  the  end,  and  xi. 

Hales,  1607.       ^^^^^^  dissuadcth  them  from  the  opinion  of  their  own  rigliteoiisness,  by  rehearsing  their  several  re- 
Abel-shittim.  hellions.  —  Cliap.  x.   God's  mercy  in  restoring  the  two  tables,  10  in  hearkening  unto  Moses'  suit 

for  the  people.     VI  An  e.rhortation  to  obedience  (Chap.  xi.  Z)  hy  their  own  experience  of  God's 

great  vorks,  8  bu  promise  of  God's  great  ble.<!.^ngs,  ]G  and  by  threalenings.     ISA   careful 
study  is  required  in  God's  words.     26  The  blessing  and  curse  is  set  before  them. 

aDe.  11.31.  Jos.  1  <«  Hear.  O  Isracl !  Tliou  art  to  "pass  over  .Tordan  this  day,  to  go  in 
/ne.^ss.  to  possess  nations  ''greater  and  mightier  tiian  thy.self,  cities  great  and 
t  Nu.  13.  22,  28,  fenced  up  to  heaven,  ^  a  people  great  and  tall,  'the  children  of  the 
^'^^"  Anakims,  whom   thou   knowcst,  and   of  whom   thou  hast   heard  say, 

'  Who  can  stand  before  the  children  of  Anak  ! ' 


Part 

VIII.] 

dJos.  3. 

11. 

e  De.  4. 
1-2.  29. 

24. 

He. 

/De.  7. 

23. 

fi'  Ex.  22 

(.  31. 

h  De.  8.    17. 
11.  6,  20.    1 
4.  4,  7. 

Ro. 
Co. 

i  Ge.  15. 

16. 

gEx.  31.  18. 


REHEARSING  THE  ISRAELITES'  REBELLIONS.  285 

^  "  Understand  therefore  this  day,  that  the  Lord  thy  God  is  he  ''which 
goeth  over  before  thee  ;  as  a  ^consuming  fire  ■'^he  shall  destroy  them, 
and  he  shall  bring  them  down  before  thy  face :  ^so  shalt  thou  drive 
them  out,  and  destroy  them  quickly,  as  the  Lord  hath  said  unto  thee. 
■*  Speak  ''not  thou  in  thy  heart,  after  that  the  Lord  thy  God  hath 
cast  them  out  from  before  thee,  saying.  For  my  righteousness  the  Lord 
hath  brought  me  in  to  possess  this  land ;  but  'for  the  wickedness  of 
these  nations  the  Lord  doth  drive  them  out  from  before   thee.  ^Not 

j  Tit.  3.5.  .^foi-  thy  righteousness,  or  for  the   uprightness   of  thy  heart,  dost  thou 

go  to  possess  their  land  ;  but  for  the  wickedness  of  these  nations  the 
Lord  thy  God  doth  drive  them  out  from  before  thee,  and  that  he  may 

&  See  Ge.  12.7.  perform  '^the  word  which  the  Lord  sware  unto  thy  fathers,  Abraham, 
Isaac,  and  Jacob.  "^  Understand  therefore,  that  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth 
thee  not  this  good  land   to  possess  it  for  thy  righteousness ;  for  thou 

zEx.  32. 9.  g^j-t  1^  stifTneckcd  people. 

"^  "  Remember,  and  forget  not,  how  thou  provokedst  the  Lord  thy 

"i6^  2  &■  n"  f  ^^^  ^^  wrath  in  the  wilderness  ;  "'from  the  day  that  thou  didst  depart 
Nu.  11.4.  &  20.  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  until  ye  came  unto  this  place,  ye  have  been 

nEx.  32.  4.  Pa.  rcbellious  agaiust  the  Lord.  ®  Also  "in  Horeb  ye  provoked  the  Lord 
106. 19.  tQ  wrath,  so  that  the  Lord  was  angry  with  you  to  have  destroyed  you. 

0  Ex.  24. 12, 15.  9  "  Whcu  "T  was  gonc  up  into  the  mount  to  receive  the  tables  of  stone, 
even  the  tables  of  the  covenant  which  the  Lord  made  with  you,  then 

i'gEx-24-i8.&34.  ''I  abode  in  the  mount  forty  days  and  forty  nights,  I  neither  did  eat 
bread  nor  drink  water.  ^^  And  'the  Lord  deUvered  unto  me  two  tables 
of  stone  written  with  the  finger  of  God  ;  and  on  them  was  written 
according  to  all  the  words,  which  the  Lord  spake  with  you  in  the 
mount  out  of  the  midst  of  the  fire  '^in  the  day  of  the  assembly.  ^^  And 
it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  forty  days  and  forty  nights,  that  the 
Lord  gave  me  the  two  tables  of  stone,  even  the  tables  of  the  cove- 
nant. ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  '  Arise,  "get  thee  down  quickly 
from  hence  ;  for  thy  people  which  thou  hast  brought  forth  out  of  Egypt 
have  corrupted  themselves  ;  they  are  'quickly  turned  aside  out  of  the 
way   which    I  commanded    them ;  they   have   made  them  a  molten 

uEx.  32. 9, 10.     image.'  ^^  Furthermore  "the  Lord  spake  unto  me,  saying,  '  I  have  seen 

i;2Ki.  17. 14.      this  pcoplc,  and,  behold,  "it  is  a  stiffnecked  people!  ^'^Let  me   alone, 

wDe.  29. 20.  Ps.  that  I  may  destroy  them,  and  '"blot  out  their  name  from  under  heaven; 

zNu.  14. 12.        "^and  I  will  make  of  thee  a  nation  mightier  and  greater  than   they.' 

y  Ex.  32. 15.        ^^  So  ^I  tumcd  and  came  down  from  the  mount,  and  ""the  mount  burned 

z  Ex.  19. 18.         with  fire  ;  and  the  two  tables  of  the  covenant  were  in  my  two  hands. 

aEx.  32. 19.  1^  ^,^^j  "J  lookcd,  and,  behold,  ye  had  sinned  against  the  Lord  your 
God,  and  had  made  you  a  molten  calf ;  ye  had  turned  aside  quickly 
out  of  the  way  which  the  Lord  had  commanded  you.  ^^  And  I  took 
the  two  tables,  and  cast  them  out  of  my  two  hands,  and  brake  them 
before  your  eyes.  ^^  And  I  fell  down  before  the  Lord,  as  at  the  first, 
forty  days  and  forty  nights  ;  I  did  neither  eat  bread,  nor  drink  water, 
because  of  all  your  sins  which  ye  sinned,  in  doing  wickedly  in  the  sight 

6Ex.  32. 10, 11.  of  the  Lord  to  provoke  him  to  anger.  ^^  For  '^I  was  afraid  of  the 
anger  and  hot  displeasure,  wherewith  the  Lord  was  wroth  against  you 

'33''i7^Ps^1['o6*'  ^^  destroy  you.   'But  the  Lord  hearkened  unto  me  at  that  time  also. 
23.  20  ^j^^  the  Lord  was  very  angry  with  Aaron  to  have  destroyed  him  ; 

dEx^32. 20.  Is.  and  I  prayed  for  Aaron  also  the  same  time.  ^^  And ''I  took  your  sin, 
the  calf  which  ye  had  made,  and  burnt  it  with  fire,  and  stamped  it, 
and  ground  it  very  small,  even  until  it  was  as  small  as  dust  ;  and  I 
cast  the  dust  thereof  into  the  brook  that  descended  out  of  the  mount. 

/Ex.  17.7.'  '  ^"^  "  And  at  'Taberah,  and  at-^Massah,  and  at  ^Kibroth-hattaavah,  ye 

^Nu.  11.4, 34.     provoked  the   Lord    to   wrath.  ^^ Likewise ''when  the  Lord  sent  you 

']4"i.  ■  ■         from  Kadesh-barnea,  saying,  '  Go  up  and  possess  the  land  which  I  have 


t  De.  31.  29, 
2.  17. 


pEx. 

,25. 

16,  21. 

2  Ex. 

25. 

5,10. 

&37.1. 

rEx. 

34. 

4. 

sEx. 

34. 

28. 

*Hel 

i>.  words. 

Ex. 

20. 

1. 

fEx. 

19. 

17. 

286  MOSES'  SPEECH  CONTINUED,  [Period  III. 

given  you ;  then  ye  rebelled  against  the  commandment  of  the  Lord 
t  Pa.  106. 24, 25.    your  God,  and  'ye  believed  him  not,  nor  hearkened  to  his  voice.  -"^  Ye 
have  been  rebellious  against  the  Lord  from  the  day  that  I  knew  you. 
25 ''  Thus  I  fell  down  before  the  Lord  forty  days  and  forty  nights,  as 
I  fell  down  at  the  first  ;  because  the  Lord  had  said  he  would  destroy 
j Ex. 32. 11, &c.   you.   ~° I  Sprayed  therefore  unto   the  Lord,  and  said,  'O  Lord  God! 
destroy  not  thy  people  and   thine   inheritance,  which  thou  hast   re- 
deemed through  thy  greatness,  which  thou  hast  brought  forth  out   of 
Egypt  with  a  mighty  hand.  ~^  Remember  thy  servants,  Abraham,  Isaac, 
and  Jacob  ;  look  not  unto  the  stubbornness  of  this  people,  nor  to  their 
/iGe.41.57.  isa.  wickcdncss,  uor  to  their  sin  ;  -'^lest  *the  land  whence  thou  broughtest 
J  Ex.  32. 12.         us  out  say,  'Because  the  Lord  was  not  able  to  bring  them   into  the 
land  which  he   promised  them,  and  because   he  hated  them,  he  hath 
n.iKi.8.51.  Ne.  brought  them  out  to  slay  them  in  the  wilderness.  ~'^  Yet  "'they  are  thy 
1. 10.  P3.90.7.    pg^pjg  ^^^^  ^^Ym^  inheritance,  which  thou  broughtest  out  by  thy  mighty 

power  and  by  thy  stretched-out  arm.' 
n  Ex.  :!4. 1,2.  1 ''  At  that  time  the  Lord  said  unto  me, '  Hew  "thee  two    Deut.  x.  1-5, 

tables  of  stone  like  unto  the  first,  and  come  up  unto  me    1^' '«  "'« ""^• 

0  Ex.  25. 10.        into  the  mount,  and  "make  thee  an  ark   of  wood.  ^  And  I  will  write 

on  the  tables  the  words  that  were  in  the  first  tables  which  thou  brakest, 
and  ''thou  shalt  put  them  in  the  ark.'  ^  And  I  made  an  ark  of  'shittim 
wood,  and  'hewed  two  tables  of  stone  like  unto  the  first,  and  went  up 
into  the  mount,  having  the  two  tables  in  my  hand.  '^  And  'he  wrote 
on  the  tables,  according  to  the  first  writing,  the  ten  *commandments, 
which  the  Lord  spake  unto  you  in  the  mount  out  of  the  midst  of  the 
fire  'in  the  day  of  the  assembly  ;  and  the  Lord  gave  them  unto  me. 
^  And  I  turned  myself  and  came  down  from  the  mount,  and  put  the 
u  1  Ki.  8. 9.         tables  in  the  ark  which  I  had  made  ;  "and  there  they  be,  as  the  Lord 

commanded  me. 

bEx.34.  28.  10  ^jj(j  ^i  stayed  in  the  mount,  according  to  the  tfirst  time,  forty  days 

I Ex'f^sTri'^r  ^"^  ^o^^y  nights  ;  and  "the  Lord  hearkened  unto  me  at  that  time  also, 

34."'    '    '    '   and  the  Lord  would  not  destroy  thee.   ^'  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me, 

^nn^"''  ^''  '"•'''"'"  '  Arise,  ttake  thy  journey  before  the   people,  that  they  may  go  in  and 

possess  the  land,  which  I  sware  unto  their  fathers  to  give  unto  them.' 

zMic.  6. 8.  12"  And  now,  Israel,  ""what  doth  the  Lord  thy  God  require  of  thee, 

^Mat  22%7'''      ^^^  *^  ^^^^  ^'^^  Lord  thy  God,  to  walk  in  all    his   ways,  and  "to   love 

him,  and  to  serve  the  Lord  thy  God  with  all  thy  heart,  and   with   all 

thy  soul,  ^^  to  keep  the  commandments  of  the  Lord,  and  his  statutes, 

zScoGe.  1. 1.      which  I  command  thee  this  day  for  thy  good  ?  ^"^  Behold,  ^the  heaven 

a  See  Ge.  14.  19.  and  thc  hcavcu  of  heavens  is  the  Lord's  thy  God,  "the   earth  also, 

^'■~^'^'  with  all  that  therein  is  !  ^^Only  the  Lord  had  a  delight  in  thy  fathers 

fcSeeLe  26  41    ^°  ^^^^  them,  and  he  chose  their  seed  after  them,  even  you  above  all 

je!4. 4.Ro'.2.'  peoplc,  as  it  is  this  day.  ^"^  Circumcise  therefore  'the  foreskin  of  your 

28, 29.  Col.  2.     ^^^^^^  ^^^  i^g  j-j^  j^^Qj.^  stiffnecked.  ^^  For  the  Lord  your  God  is  'God 

'.K,"^i!v"i';.    of  gof^i^'  and  'Lord  of  lords,  a  great  God,  a  mighty,  and  a  terrible, 

]3o!2rua.'2.      which  'regardeth  not  persons,  nor  taketh  reward.   ^^He  -^doth  execute 

dRo.  17. 14.&     the  judgment  of  the  fatherless  and  widow,  and  loveth  the  stranger,  in 

19. 16.  giving  hun  food  and  raiment.  ^^  Love  °  ye  therefore  the  stranger  ;  for 

^pr/8^5.^^ '^'   ye  were  strangers  in  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^^Thou  "shalt   fear  the  Lord 

146. 9.      ^  ^    thy  God  ;  him  shalt   thou  serve,  and   to   him   shalt  thou   cleave,  and 

f  Mal'4!'K?.'  "'■  'swear  by  his  name.  ~'  He  ^is  thy  praise,  and  he  is  thy  God,  'that  hath 

iPs.  63. 11.         done  for  thee  these  great  and   terrible  things,  which  thine  eyes   have 

jEx.j5.2.Je.     gggj^^  22 'pjiy  fj^thers  went  down  into  Egy])t 'with  threescore  and  ten 

k  1  sa.  12  24.      persons  ;  and  now  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  made  thee  '"as  the  stars  of 

2  Sa.  7.  2.3.  Pa.      [^  '  ,   •        , 

106.21,22.        heaven  for  multitude. 

1  Ge.  46. 27.  i  u  Therefore  thou  shalt  love  the  Lord  thy  God,  and  "keep     Dedt.  xi. 

m  See  Ge.  12.  2.     ,  .         ,  ...  ,   ,  •      •      i  ^  i   i  ■ 

nZe.3. 7.  ^^^  chargc,  and  his  statutes,  and  his  judgments,  and  his  com- 


Part  VIIL]  AN  EXHORTATION  TO  OBEDIENCE.  S8t 

mandments,  always.  ~  And  know  ye  this  day  ;  for  I  speak  not  with  your 
children  which  have  not  known,  and  which  have  not  seen  the  chastise- 
ment of  the  Lord  your  God,  his  greatness,  his  mighty  hand,  and  his 
oPs.  78. 12.  &      stretched-out   arm,  "^and  "his  miracles,  and  his  acts,  which  he  did   in 
the   midst  of  Egypt,  unto  Pharaoh   the   king  of  Egypt,  and  unto  all 
his  land,  ^  (and  what  he  did  unto  the  army  of  Egypt,  unto  their  horses, 
^&^5^9'To''^P8   ^"^  ^^  their  chariots;  ''how  he  made  the  water  of  the  Red  Sea  to 
106.  ii.'     '       overflow  them  as  they  pursued  after  you,  and  how  the  Lord  hath  de- 
stroyed them  unto  this  day  ;  ''and  what  he  did  unto  you  in  the  wilder- 
'aT.^i^Ps.^'iok*'  "^^^'  ""^'^  y^  came  into  this  place  ;  '^and  'what  he  did  unto  Dathan 
17.  and  Abiram,  the  sons  of  Eliab,  the  son  of  Reuben  :  how  the  earth 

opened  her  mouth  and  swallowed  them  up,  and  their  households,  and 
*s?ance'T£irfoi-  ^^^^^^  tcuts,  and  all  the  *substance  that  twas  in  their  possession,  in  the 
lowed  them.  midst  of  all  Israel ;)  ^  but  your  eyes  have  seen  all  the  great  acts  of  the 
^^etfel^  "'  Lord  which  he  did.  ^  Therefore  shall  ye  keep  all  the  commandments 
7- Jos.  1.  6,7.  which  I  command  you  this  day,  that  ye  may  '^be  strong,  and  go  in  and 
s  Pr.  10. 27.  possess  the  land,  whither  ye  go  to  possess  it ;  ^  and  'that  ye  may  prolong 
t  See  Ge.  12.7.  your  days  in  the  land,  'which  the  Lord  sware  unto  your  fathers  to  give 
u  Ex.  3. 8.  unto  them  and  to  their  seed,  "a  land  that  floweth  with  milk  and  honey. 

^°  "  For  the  land,  whither  thou  goest  in  to  possess  it,  is  not  as  the  land 
rZe.  14. 18.        ^f  Egypt,  from  whence  ye  came  out,  "where  thou  sowedst  thy  seed, 
and  wateredst  it  with  thy  foot,  as  a  garden  of  herbs  :  ^^  but  the  land, 
whither  ye  go  to  possess  it,  is  a  land  of  hills  and  valleys,  and  drinketh 
I  Heb.  seeketh.      water  of  the  rain  of  heaven.   ^^  A  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  tcareth 
wiKi.9.3.         fQj. .  '"^j^g  gygg  q(  j.|-,g  LoRjj  thy  God  are  always  upon  it,  from  the  be- 
ginning of  the  year  even  unto  the  end  of  the  year. 
xve.  6. 17.  13  u  ^j^j  j^  gj^g^]}  ^^^g  ^^  p^^g^  jf  ^g  gj-j^jj  hearken  ^diligently  unto  my 

commandments  which  I  command  you  this  day,  to  love  the  Lord  your 
yhe.  26. 4.  Qq^j^  ^j^^j  jq  gg^^g  ^j^^^  ^jjj-j  ^j]  y^^j^  hgj^(.t  ^^,-,^1  y^[^]^  ^11  your  soul,  ^^  that 
z  Joel 2. 23.  Ja.     ^/j  ^j]j  gj^g  y^^  ^^g  j.jjjj-^  ^f  y^y^  j^nd  in  his  due  season,  ""the  first  rain 

and  the  latter  rain,  that  thou  mayest  gather  in  thy  corn,  and  thy  wine, 
*io4''i4^'"' ^''  and  thine  oil.  ^^  And  I  will  *send  grass  in  thy  fields  for  thy  cattle,  that 
a  De.  6. 11.  Joel  thou  uiaycst  "eat  and  be  full.  ^"^  Take  heed  to  yourselves,  Hhat  your 
6^1)^29  18  Job  ^^^art  be  not  deceived,  and  ye  turn  aside,  and  serve  other  gods,  and 
3i.%7.'  ■  worship  them;  ^^ and  then  the  Lord's  wrath  be  kindled  against  you, 
'2Ch.'6.'26^'&7.  and  he  'shut  up  the  heaven,  that  there  be  no  rain,  and  that  the  land 
13-  yield  not  her  fruit ;  and  lest  ''ye  perish  quickly  from  oft'  the  good  land 

dJos.  23.  13,  15,  1  •    1     ^1        T  •       ^1 

16.  which  the  Lord  giveth  you. 

eDe.  6.  G.  &32.         18  u  Therefore  'shall  ye  lay  up  these  my  words  in  your  heart  and  in 
/De.  6. 8.  your  soul,  and  ^ind  them  for  a  sign  upon  your  hand,  that  they  may  be 

^seeGe.  18.  19.  as  froutlcts  between  your  eyes.  ^'^  And  °ye  shall  teach  them  your  chil- 
dren, speaking  of  them  when  thou  sittest  in  thy  house,  and  when  thou 
walkest  by  the  way,  when  thou  liest  down,  and  when  thou  risest  up. 
2°  And  thou  shalt  write  them  upon  the  door  posts  of  thy  house,  and 
ftPr.  3. 2.  &  4.  upon  thy  gates.  -^  That  ''your  days  may  be  multiplied,  and  the  days  of 
your  children,  in  the  land  which  the  Lord  sware  unto  your  fatiiers  to 
i P9. 72. 5.  &  89.   give  them,  'as  the  days  of  heaven  upon  the  earth. 

22  u  Yo^  if  ye  shall  diligently  keep  all  these  commandments  which  I 

command  you,  to  do  them,  to  love  the  Lord  your  God,  to  walk  in  all 

his  ways,  and  to  cleave  unto  him  ;  ^^  then  will  the  Lord  drive  out  all 

these  nations  from  before  you,  and  ye  shall  possess  greater  nations  and 

y  Jos.  1. 3.  &  14.   mightier  than  yourselves.  ^^  Every  ^place  whereon  the  soles  of  your  feet 

t Ge.  15. 18. Ex.   shall  ti'cad  shall  be  yours;  ^'from   the  wilderness  and  Lebanon,  from 

the  river,  the  river  Euphrates,  even  unto  the  uttermost  sea  shall  your 

coast  be.  -^  There  shall  no  man  be  able  to  stand  before  you  ;  for  the 

zsee  Ge.  35. 5.     LoRD  your  God  shall  'lay  the  fear  of  you  and  the  dread  of  you  upon  all 

toEx.  23. 27.       thg  land  that  ye  shall  tread  upon,  '"as  he  hath  said  unto  you. 


23.  31.  Nu.  34. 

&c. 


288 


MOSES'  SPEECH  CONTINUED, 


[Period  III. 


q  De.  27.  12,  13. 
Jos.  8.  33. 


rGe.  12.  6.  Ju. 
7.  1. 
«Jos.  1.  11. 


A.  M.  2553. 
B.  C.  1451. 
Hales,  1608. 
Abel-shittim. 


B^De. 30. 1, 15,  2^ '•  Behold,  ''I  set  before  you  this  day  a  blessing  and  a  curse;  -'''a 

oDe.  28. 2.  "blessiiig,  if  ye  obey  the  commanduieats  of  the  Lord  your  God,  which 

pDe.  28. 15.  I  command  you  this  day  ;  -'^and  ^a  curse,  if  ye  will  not  obey  the  com- 
mandments of  the  Lord  your  God,  but  turn  aside  out  of  the  way  which 
I  command  you  this  day,  to  go  after  otiier  gods,  which  ye  have  not 
known. — -•'  x\nd  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  the  Lord  thy  God  hath 
brought  thee  in  unto  the  land  whither  thou  goest  to  possess  it,  that  thou 
shalt  put  'the  blessing  upon  Mount  Gerizim,  and  the  curse  upon  Mount 
Ebal.  ^"  Are  they  not  on  the  other  side  Jordan,  by  the  way  where  the 
sun  goeth  down,  in  the  land  of  the  Canaanites,  which  dwell  in  the 
champaign  over  against  Gilgal,  '^beside  the  plains  of  Moreh  ?  ^'  For  'ye 
shall  pass  over  Jordan  to  go  in  to  possess  the  land  which  the  Lord  your 
God  giveth  you,  and  ye  shall  possess  it,  and  dwell  therein.  ^~  And  ye 

shall  observe  to  do  all  the  statutes  and  judgments  which  I  set  before 

you  this  day. 

SECT.  Lxxxil.  Section  LXXXII. — Moses''  Speech  continued; — Repetition  of  Lmos  relating 
to  Idolatry,  Ceremonies,   the  Levites,  what  Animals  may  he  eaten,  Tithes, 
the  Poor,  Servants,  the  Firstling  of  Cattle,  Feasts,  and  Judges. 
Deut.  xii.  to  xvi.,  and  xvli.  1. 

Monuments  ofidolatrij  to  be  destroyed.  5  The  place  of  God's  service  is  to  be  kept.  15,  23  Blood  is 
forbidden.  \1,  "10, ''2ij  Holy  things  must  be  eaten  in  the  holy  place.  19  The  Levite  is  not  to  be 
forsaken.  29  Idolatry  is  7iot  to  be  inquired  after.  —  Chap.  xiii.  Enticers  to  idolatry,  6  how  near 
soever  unto  thee,' 9  are  to  be  stoned  to  death.  12  Idolatrous  cities  are  not  to  be  spared. —  Chap, 
xiv.  1  God's  children  are  not  to  disfgure  themselves  in  mourning.  3  IVliat  may,  and  what  may 
not  be  eaten,  4  of  beasts,  9  offshes,  11  of  fowls.  21  That  which  dieth  of  itself  may  not  he  eaten. 
22  Tithes  of  divine  service.  23  Tithes  and  firstlings  of  rejoicing  before  the  Lord.  28  The  third 
year's  tithe  of  alms  and  charity.  —  Chap.  xv.  The  seventh  year  a  year  of  release  for  the  poor.  7  It 
must  be  no  let  of  lending  or  giving.  12  A  Hebrew  servant,  16  except  he  will  not  depart,  must  in 
the  seventh  year  go  forth  free  and  well  furnished.  19  All  firstling  males  of  the  cattle  are  to  be 
sanctified  unto  the  Lord.  —  Chap.  xvi.  The  feast  of  the  Passover,  9  of  Weeks,  13  of  Tabernacles. 
16  Every  male  nmst  offer,  as  he  is  able,  at  these  three  feasts.  18  Of  judges  and  justice.  21  Groves 
and  images  are  forbidden.  —  Chap.  xvii.  Things  sacrificed  must  be  sound. 

^  "  These  are  the  statutes  and  judgments,  which  ye  shall  observe  to 
do  in  the  land,  which  the  Lord  God  of  thy  fathers  giveth  thee  to  pos- 
sess it,  "all  the  days  that  ye  live  upon  the  earth. 

2  a  Ye  ''shall  utterly  destroy  all  the  places,  wherein  the  nations  which 
ye  shall  ^possess  served  their  gods,  upon  the  high  mountains,  and  upon 
the  hills,  and  under  every  green  tree  ;  ^and  ye  shall  toverthrow  their 
altars,  and  break  their  pillars,  and  burn  their  groves  with  fire  ;  and  ye 
shall  hew  down  the  graven  images  of  their  gods,  and  destroy  the  names 
of  them  out  of  that  place. 

"*  "  Ye  shall  not  do  so  unto  the  Lord  your  God.  ^  But  unto  the  place 
which  the  Lord  your  God  shall  'choose  out  of  all  your  tribes  to  put  his 
name  there,  even  unto  his  habitation  shall  ye  seek,  and  thither  thou 
shalt  come  ;  ^  and  ''thither  ye  shall  bring  your  burnt  otVerings,  and  your 
sacrifices,  and  your  tithes,  and  heave  offerings  of  your  hand,  and  your 
vows,  and  your  freewill  offerings,  and  the  firstlings  of  your  herds  and 
of  your  flocks.  '''  And  there  ye  shall  cat  before  the  Lord  your  God,  and 
"ye  shall  rejoice  in  all  that  ye  put  your  hand  unto,  ye  and  your  house- 
holds, wherein  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  blessed  thee. 

^  '•'  Ye  shall  not  do  after  all  the  things  that  we  do  here  this  day,  •''every 
man  whatsoever  is  right  in  his  own  eyes.  '■'  For  ye  are  not  as  yet  come 
to  the  rest  and  to  the  inheritance,  which  the  Lord  your  God  giveth 
you.  ^^  But  when  ye  go  over  Jordan,  and  dwell  in  the  land  which  the 
Lord  your  God  giveth  you  to  inherit,  and  when  he  giveth  you  rest 
from  all  your  enemies  round  about,  so  that  ye  dwell  in  safety  ;  i'  then 
there  shall  be  ^a  place  which  the  I^ord  your  God  shall  choose  to  cause 
his  name  to  dwell  there :  thither  shall  ye  bring  all  that  I  command 
you  ;  your  burnt  ofl'crings,  and  your  sacrifices,  your  tithes,  and  the 
heave  offering  of  your  hand,  and  all  tyour  choice  vows  which  ye  vow 
unto  the  Lord.   ^-  And  ye  shall  rejoice  before  the  Lord  your  God,  ye, 


alKi.  8,40. 
6  Ex.  34.  13. 

*  Or,  inherit. 

2Ki.  Iti.  4.  & 

17.  10,  11.  Je. 

3.6. 
t  Hcb.  break 

down.  Nu.  33. 

52.  Ju.  2.  2. 


c  Jos.  9.27.  1  Ki. 

8.  29.  2  Ch.  7. 

12.  Pa.  78.  68. 
d  Le.  17.  3,  4. 


/Ju.  17.  6.  «L  21. 
25. 


ffJos.  18.  1.  IKi. 
8.  29.  Ps.  78.  68. 


X  Heb  the  choi 
of  your  vows. 


Part  VIIL]  REHEARSING  THE  LAWS  RELATING  TO  IDOLATRY,  &c.     289 

and  your  sons,  and  your  daughters,  and  your  menservants,  and  your 
maidservants,  and  the  Levite  that  is  within  your  gates  ;  forasmuch  as 
he  hath  no  part  nor  inheritance  with  you. 

ALe.  17.4.  13  c  T^i^g  ^j^gg^  ^o  thysclf  that  thou  offer  not  thy  burnt  offerings  in 

every  place  that  thou  seest ;  ^^  but  in  the  place  which  the  Lord  shall 
choose  in  one  of  thy  tribes,  there  thou  shalt  offer  thy  burnt  offerings,  and 
there  thou  shalt  do  all  that  I  command  thee. — ^^  Notwithstanding  thou 
mayest  kill  and  eat  flesh  in  all  thy  gates,  whatsoever  thy  soul  lusteth 
after,  according  to  the  blessing  of  the  Lord  thy  God  which  he  hath 
given  thee  ;  the  unclean  and  the  clean  may  eat  thereof,  as  of  the  roe- 

iSeeGe.9.4.      buck,  and  as  of  the  hart.  i^Only  'ye  shall  not  eat  the  blood  ;  ye  shall 
pour  it  upon  the  earth  as  water. 

^■^  "  Thou  mayest  not  eat  within  thy  gates  the  tithe  of  thy  corn,  or  of 
thy  wine,  or  of  thine  oil,  or  the  firstlings  of  thy  herds,  or  of  thy  flock, 
nor  any  of  thy  vows  which  thou  vowest,  nor  thy  freewill  ofierings,  or 
heave  offering  of  thy  hand  :  ^^  but  thou  must  eat  them  before  the  Lord 
thy  God  in  the  place  which  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  choose,  thou,  and 
thy  son,  and  thy  daughter,  and  thy  manservant,  and  thy  maidservant, 
and  the  Levite  that  is  within  thy  gates :  and  thou  shalt  rejoice  before 
the  Lord  thy  God  in  all  that  thou  puttest  thy  hands  unto.  ^^  Take 

*  Heb.  all  thy       heed  to  thysclf  that  thou  forsake  not  the  Levite  *as  long  as  thou  livest 
upon  the  earth. 

iGe.15. 18.  20  u  ^hgn  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  enlarge  thy  border,  ■'as  he  hath 

promised  thee,  and  thou  shalt  say,  I  will  eat  flesh,  because  thy  soul 
longeth  to  eat  flesh  ;  thou  mayest  eat  flesh,  whatsoever  thy  soul  lusteth 
after.  -^  If  the  place  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  chosen  to  put  his 
name  there  be  too  far  from  thee,  then  thou  shalt  kill  of  thy  herd  and 
of  thy  flock,  which  the  Lord  hath  given  thee,  as  I  have  commanded 
thee,  and  thou  shalt  eat  in  thy  gates  whatsoever  thy  soul  lusteth  after. 
^^  Even  as  the  roebuck  and  the  hart  is  eaten,  so  thou  shalt  eat  them ; 
the  unclean  and  the  clean  shall  eat  of  them  alike.  ^^  Only  be  tsure 
that  thou  eat  not  the  blood  ;  *for  the  blood  is  the  life,  and  thou  mayest 
not  eat  the  life  with  the  flesh.  -^  Thou  shalt  not  eat  it ;  thou  shalt  pour 
it  upon  the  earth  as  water.  -^  Thou  shalt  not  eat  it ;  'that  it  may  go 
well  with  thee,  and  with  thy  children  after  thee,  "when  thou  shalt  do 
B.  &  that  which  is  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord. — ^^  Only  thy  "holy  things 
which  thou  hast,  and  "thy  vows,  thou  shalt  take,  and  go  unto  the  place 
which  the  Lord  shall  choose  ;  -''  and  ^thou  shalt  offer  thy  burnt  offer- 
ings, the  flesh  and  the  blood,  upon  the  altar  of  the  Lord  thy  God  ;  and 
the  blood  of  thy  sacrifices  shall  be  poured  out  upon  the  altar  of  the 
Lord  thy  God,  and  thou  shalt  eat  the  flesh. — ^s  observe  and  hear  all 
these  words  which  I  command  thee,  that  it  may  go  well  with  thee,  and 
with  thy  children  after  thee  for  ever,  when  thou  doest  that  which  is 
5 Ex.  23. 23.  Jos.  good  and  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  thy  God. 

t^et inheritest,  "^ "  ^}^^^  '^^^®  ^^^^  *'^y  ^^^  ^^^^^1  ^ut  off  the  natious  from  before 
or, possessest  '  thcc,  whithcr  thou  goest  to  possess  them,  and  thou  tsucceedest  them, 
*h'1  after ti,an  ^nd  dwellcst  in  their  land ;  ^^  take  heed  to  thyself  that  thou  be  not 
rLe.i8.3,26,'3o!  siiarcd  *by  following  them,  after  that  they  be  destroyed  from  before 
t  H^eb  ^Ibomhm-  ^^^^  '  ^^^  ^'^^^  ^^^^^^  iuquirc  not  after  their  gods,  saying.  How  did 
turn  of  111".'"""  these  nations  serve  their  gods?  even  so  will  I  do  likewise.  ^^  Thou 
*2o'2.^je^32.*35.  "^^^^^^  "*^t  ^^  ^"^  "i^to  the  LoRD  thy  God  ;  for  every  tabomination  to 
Ez.  23.37.  the  Lord,  which  he  hateth,  have  they  done  unto  their  gods  ;  for  'even 
^tue.' ■22.^8.^'^'  their  sons  and  their  daughters  they  have  burnt  in  the  fire  to  their 
gods.  3~  What  thing  soever  I  command  you,  observe  to  do  it :  'thou 


t  Heb.  strong. 

k  Ge.  9.  4. 

I  Is.  3.  10. 

m  Ex.  15.  26. 
1  Ki.  11.  38. 

n  Nu.  5.  9,  10.  & 
18.  ]9. 

0  1  Sa.  1.  21,  23, 
24. 

p  Le.  1.  5,  9,  13. 

u  Ze.  10.  2. 

V  Mat.  24.  24 


2  Thes^.^2.^9:       ^^^^^t  not  add  thereto,  nor  diminish  from  it 
tt  See  De.  18. 22.       ^  "  If  thcrc  arisc  among  you  a  prophet,  or  a  "dreamer  of  Deut.  xiii. 
22.'    ■  ■    ^''  ■  dreams,  "and  giveth  thee  a  sign  or  a  wonder,  ^  and  '"the  sign 

VOL.    I.  '  37  y 


290  MOSES'  SPEECH  CONTINUED,  [Period  IIL 

or  the  wonder  come  to  pass,  whereof  he  spake  unto  thee,  saying,  Let  us 

go  after  other  gods,  which  thou  hast  not  known,  and  let  us   serve 

them  ;  ^  tliou  shalt  not  hearken  unto  the  words  of  that  prophet,  or 

^^co.'^ih'ia'^'  *^^^  dreamer  of  dreams  ;  for  the  Lord  your  God  ^proveth  you,  to 

2  Thes.  2. 11.      know  whether  yc  love  the  Lord  your  God  with  all  your  heart  and 

2/2  Ki'.^aa'.^       '^vit'i  al''  your  s*^"!-  ^  Ye  shall  ^valk  after  the  Lord  your  God,  and  fear 

2  Lh.  34.31.       him,  and  keep  his  commandments,  and  obey  his  voice,  and  ye   shall 

^4^■l5^■zT■l3^3   s^*"^'^  him,  and  cleave  unto  him.  ^  And  "'that  prophet,  or  that  dreamer 

X  lieh.  spoken  re-  of  dfcams,  shall  be  put  to  death  ;  because  he  hath  tspoken  to  turn  you 

Ite"""''^    away  from  the  Lord  your  God,  which  brought  you  out  of  the  land  of 

Egypt,  and  redeemed  you  out  of  the  house  of  bondage,  to  thrust  thee 

out  of  the  way  which  the  Lord  thy  God  commanded  thee  to  walk  in. 

a  1  Co.  5. 13.       «gQ  shalt  thou  put  the  evil  away  from  the  midst  of  thee. 

^"  If  thy  brother,  the  son  of  thy  mother,  or  thy  son,  or  thy  daugh- 

'^Prts.^. Mic."     t^r,  or  Hhe  wife  of  thy  bosom,  or  thy  friend,  'which  is  as  thine  own 

'•5-  soul,  entice   thee  secretly,  saying.  Let  us  go   and  serve   other  gods^ 

'^^Ij^^-^'^-^  which  thou  hast  not  known,  thou,  nor  thy  fathers,  ''(namely,  of  the 

gods  of  the  people  which  are  round  about  you,  nigh  unto  thee,  or  far 

off  from  thee,  from  the  one  end  of  the  earth  even  unto  the  other  end 

dPr  1  10.  of  the  earth;)  "^thou  shalt  '^not  consent  unto  him,  nor  hearken  unto 

him  ;  neither  shall  thine  eye  pity  him,  neither  shalt  thou  spare,  neither 

« Ac.  7. 58.         gi^jj^it  tj^Qu  conceal  him.  ^  But  thou  shalt  surely  kill  him;  'thy  hand 

shall  be   first  upon  him  to  put  him  to  death,  and  afterwards  the  hand 

of  all  the  people.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  stone  him  with  stones,  that  he  die  ; 

because  he  hath  sought  to  thrust  thee  away  from  the  Lord   thy  God, 

*  Heb.  bondmen,    vvhich  brought  thcc  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  from  the  house  of  *bon- 

dage.  ^^  And  all  Israel  shall  hear,  and  fear,  and  shall  do  no  more  any 

such  wickedness  as  this  is  among  you. 

^ju'bo^ "!*""■       ^^"  If -^thou  shalt  hear  say  in  one  of  thy  cities,  which  the  Lord  thy 

]  Or,  naughty       God  hath  givcu  thcc  to  dwell  there,  saying,  ^^  Certain  men,  tthe   chil- 

22."i  st!  2."i2.^"  dren  of  Belial,  ^are  gone  out   from  among  you,  and  have  ''withdrawn 

i^^il'io'  13.  the  inhabitants  of  their  city,  saying.  Let  us  go  and   serve  other  gods, 

2Co'.6.i5.'       which  ye  have  not  known  ;  ^-^then  shalt  thou  inquire,  and  make  search, 

^  uo.2.  i9.Jude  ^^^^  ^gj^  diligently.     And,  behold,  if  it  be  truth,  and  the  thing  certain, 

A 2 Ki.  17.21.      that   such  abomination   is  wrought   among  you;  ^^thou  shalt   surely 

» E'^-J^-jSO-  Le.    smite  the  inhabitants  of  that  city  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  ^destroy- 

i7;2i,'<s,t."   ■     ing  it  utterly,  and  all  that  is  therein,  and  the  cattle  thereof,  with  the 

edge  of  the  sword.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  gather  all  the  spoil  of  it  into  the 

j  Jos.  6. 24.         midst  of  the  street  thereof,  and  shalt  ^burn  with  fire  the  city,  and  all 

*n°'i  ^L%  '•'■     th^  ^P*^^^  thereof  every  whit,  for  the  Lord  thy  God :  and  it  shall  be  '^a 

je.49.2.  "■     heap  for  ever ;  it  shall   not  be  built  again.  ^^  And  'there   shall  cleave 

\^Or,%eLcd.      nought  of  the  tcursed   thing  to  thy  hand  :   that  the   Lord  may  "turn 

toJos.  u.  2G.        from  the  fierceness  of  his  anger,  and  show  thee  mercy,  and  have  com- 

ns«eGe.  12. 2.    passiou  upou  thcc,  and  multiply  thee,  "as  he  hath  sworn  unto  thy 

fathers  ;  ^^  when  thou  shalt  hearken  to  the  voice  of  the  Lord  thy  God, 

to  keep  all  his  commandments  which  I  command  thee  this  day,  to  do 

that  which  is  right  in  the  eyes  of  tlie  Lord  thy  God. 

'^^^i^-tk       '  "  Ye  are  "the  children  of  tiie  Lord  your  God  :  "ye  shall    Deut.  xiv. 

p  Le.  19. 28.  Je.    not  cut  yoursclves,  nor  make  any  baldness  between  your  eyes 

16. 6. 1  Thcs.  4.  ^^^   ^j^^  ^^^^^    2po,.  5^1,^^^  art  a'holy  people  unto  the  Lord  thy  God, 

9  See  Ge.  17.8.    ^^^j  ^\^^  LoRD  hath  clioscn  tlicc  to  bc  a  peculiar  people  unto  him.self, 

above  all  the  nations  that  are  upon  the  earth. 
''lo'is'  14.'  ^'''         ^  "Thou  ''shalt  not  cat  any  abominable  thing.  ^  These  'are  the  beasts 
s  Le.  11.  2,  &c.    which  ye  shall  eat :  the  ox,  the  sheep,  and  the  goat,  •'  the  hart,  and  the 
*ot,  bison,  iieb.  roebuck,  and  the  fallow  deer,  and  the  wild  goat,  and  the  *pygarg,  and 
***""■  the  wild  o.\,  and  the  chamois.  "^  And  every  beast  that  parteth  the  hoof, 

and  cleaveth  the  cleft  into  two  claws,  and  cheweth  the   cud   among 


Part  VIII.]  REHEAESING  THE  LAWS  RELATING  TO  ANIMALS,  &c.     291 

the  beasts,  that  ye  shall  eat.  '  Nevertheless  these  ye  shall  not  eat  of 
them  that  chew  the  cud,  or  of  them  that  divide  the  cloven  hoof ;  as 
the  camel,  and  the  hare,  and  the  coney  ;  for  they  chew  the  cud,  but 
divide  not  the  hoof,  therefore  they  are  unclean  unto  you.  ^  And  the 
swine,  because  it  divideth  the  hoof,  yet  cheweth  not  the  cud,  it  is  unclean 

t  Le.  11. 26, 27.     uuto  you  ;  yc  shall  not  eat  of  their  flesh,  'nor  touch  their  dead  carcass. 

«Lo.  11. 9.  9 "  These  "ye  shall  eat  of  all  that  are  in  the  waters  :  all  that  have  fins 

and  scales  shall  ye  eat ;  ^^  and  whatsoever  hath  not  fins  and  scales  ye 
may  not  eat,  it  is  unclean  unto  you. 

vLe.  11. 13.  11  Of  all  clean  birds  ye  shall  eat.  ^^  But  "these  are  they  of  which  ye 

shall  not  eat ;  the  eagle,  and  the  ossifrage,  and  the  ospray,  ^^  and  the 
glede,  and  the  kite,  and  the  vulture  after  his  kind,  ^^  and  every  raven 
after  his  kind,  ^^  and  the  owl,  and  the  night  hawk,  and  the  cuckow, 
and  the  hawk  after  his  kind,  ^^  the  little  owl,  and  the  great  owl,  and  the 
swan,  ^^and  the  pelican,  and  the  gier-eagle,  and  the  cormorant,  ^®and 
the  stork,  and  the  heron  after  her  kind,  and  the  lapwing,  and  the  bat. 

loLe.  11.20,21.  19  cc  ^j-,jj  "every  creeping  thing  that  flieth  is  unclean  unto  you  ;  they 
shall  not  be  eaten.  ^"  But  of  all  clean  fowls  ye  may  eat. 

''?2.'8.^Ez!^4.*l4.  ^^  "  Y^  "^^h^l^  "<^*  ®^^  ^^  ^"y  tl^'^g  ^^^^  <^^^^^  ^^  ^*^®^^-    '^^^^  ^^^^^  g^^^ 

it  unto  the  stranger  that  is  in   thy  gates,  that  he   may  eat  it,  or  thou 
y  See  Ge.  17.  8.    maycst  scU  it  unto  an  alien  ;  ^for   thou   art  a  holy  people  unto   the 

Lord  thy  God. 

'34f26.^"  ^^"  ^        ^Thou  shalt  not  seethe  a  kid  in  his  mother's  milk.  ^^  Thou  "shalt 

« Le.  27. 30.  Ne.   truly  tithe  all  the  increase  of  thy  seed,  that  the   field  bringeth  forth 

year  by  year.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  eat  before   the  Lord  thy  God,  in   the 

place  which  he  shall  choose  to  place  his  name  there,  the   tithe  of  thy 

corn,  of  thy  wine,  and  of  thine  oil,  and  the  firstlings  of  thy  herds  and 

of  thy  flocks  ;  that  thou  may  est  learn  to  fear  the  Lord  thy  God  always. 

2^  And  if  the  way  be  too  long  for  thee,  so  that  thou  art  not  able  to  carry 

it ;  or  if  the  place  be  too  far  from  thee,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  shall 

choose  to  set  his  name  there,  when  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  blessed  thee  ; 

2^  then  shalt  thou  turn  it  into  money,  and  bind  up  the  money  in  thy 

hand,  and  shalt  go  unto  the  place  which  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  choose. 

^^  And  thou  shalt  bestow  that  money  for  whatsoever  thy  soul  lusteth 

after,  for  oxen,  or  for  sheep,  or  for  wine,  or  for  strong  drink,  or  for 

t  Heb.  asketk  of    whatsocvcr  thy  soul  tdesireth :  ^and  thou  shalt   eat   there  before  the 

ft  De.  26. 11.        Lord  thy  God,  and  thou  shalt  rejoice,  thou,  and  thy  household,  ^^and 

c  Nu.  18. 20.        the  Levite  that  is  within  thy  gates  ;  thou  shalt  not  forsake  him,  'for  he 

hath  no  part  nor  inheritance  with  thee. 
dT)e.  2G.12.  Am.  28  a  j^^  rf^j^g  gj^^j  ^f  ^j^^g^  ygg^j.g  ^\^q^  gj^a,lt  bring  forth  all  the  tithe  of 
thine  increase  the  same  year,  and  shalt  lay  it  up  within  thy  gates. 
23  And  the  Levite  (because  he  hath  no  part  nor  inheritance  with  thee), 
and  the  stranger,  and  the  fatherless,  and  the  widow,  which  are  within 
^Mai^s^io"'  ^^^  ^^y  gates,  shall  come,  and  shall  eat  and  be  satisfied  ;  that  'the  Lord  thy 

God  may  bless  thee  in  all  the  work  of  thy  hand  which  thou  doest. 

/Ex.^21.^2.  &^23.       1  ('  At  the  end  of  ^every  seven  years  thou  shalt  make  a  re-    Dect.  xv. 

2, 4.  Je.  34. 14.    leasc  ;  2  and  this  is  the  manner  of  the  release  : — Every  tcred- 

\hae,"o/  itor  that  lendeth  aught  unto  his  neighbour  shall  release  it ;  he  shall  not 

his  hand."         exact  it  of  his   neighbour,  or  of  his  brother,  because  it  is  called  the 

g-seeDe.  23.20.  Lord's  release.  3  Of  °a  foreigner  thou  mayest  exact  it  again  ;  but  that 

*  Vied  ZlfbTno    which  is  thine  with   thy  brother   thy  hand  shall  release,  ^  *save  when 

poor  among  you.  thcrc  shall  bc  uo  poor  among  you  ;  ''for  the  Lord  shall  greatly  bless  thee 

ft  De.  28. 8.         . j^  ^j^g  j^j^^  which  the  Lord  thy  God  givcth  thee  for  an  inheritance  to 

tDe.28. 1.  possess  it,  ^  Only  'if  thou  carefully  hearken  unto  the  voice  of  the  Lord 

thy  God,  to  observe  to  do  all  these  commandments  which  I  command 

thee  this  day.  ^  For  the  Lord  thy  God  blesseth  thee,  as  he  promised 

j  De.  28. 12, 44.     thcc ;  ^and  thou   shalt  lend   unto   many   nations,  but  thou   shalt  not 


292  MOSES'  SPEECH  CONTINUED,  [Period  III 

^^^'t^'  ^^'  ^''    borrow  ;  and  'thou  shall  reign  over  many  nations,  but  they  shall   not 

reign  over  thee. 

""  If  there  be  among  you  a  poor  man  of  one  of  thy  brethren  within 

any  of  thy  gates  in  thy  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee, 
z  See  Job  22. 7.  'thou  shalt  not  harden  thy  heart,  nor  shut  thy  hand  from  thy  poor 
OT  Le.  25. 35.       brother,  ^  but  '"thou  shall  open  thy  hand  wide  unto  him,  and  shalt  surely 

lend  him  sufficient  for  his  need,  in  that  which  he  wanteth.  ^  Beware 
fHeb.  word.  that  thcrc  be  not  a  f thought  in  thy  Iwicked  heart,  saying.  The  seventh 
nDe.28.  H  5G.  X^ar,  the  year  of  refease,  is  at  hand  ;  and  thine  "eye  be  evil  against  thy 
]Pj- 23- c.  &  28.  poor  brother,  and  thou  givest  him  nought,  and  °he  cry  unto  the  Lord 
0  De.  24. 15.  agaiust  thee,  and  ^'it  be  sin  unto  thee.  ^^  Thou  shalt  surely  give  him, 
^  *'^'-  ^-^^i^'  and  'thy  heart  shalt  not  be  grieved  when  thou  givest  unto  him  ;  because 

?  2  Co.  9. 5, 7.  -  -  •'  -        ^  o  ' 


De.  24. 19.  Ps.    that  '^for  this  thing  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  bless  thee  in  all  thy  works, 
and  in  all  that  thou  puttest  thy  hand  unto.  ^^  For  ^the  poor  shall  never 


41.  2.  Pr.  22.  9. 

s  Mat.  26.  11, 


'&5 


open  thy  hand  wide  unto  thy  brother,  to  thy  poor,  and  to  thy  needy, 
in  thy  land. 

'S%9^'^'^**  ^^  "  And  'if  thy  brother,  a  Hebrew  man,  or  a  Hebrew  woman,  be 
sold  unto  thee,  and  serve  thee  six  years  ;  then  in  the  seventh  year  thou 
shalt  let  him  go  free  from  thee.  ^^  And  when  thou  sendest  him  out  free 
from  thee,  thou  shalt  not  let  him  go  away  empty.  ^"^Thou  shalt  furnish 
him  liberally  out  of  thy  flock,  and  out   of  thy  floor,  and  out  of  thy 

uPr.  10. 22.  winepress;  of  that  wherewith  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  "blessed  thee 
thou  shalt  give  unto  him.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  remember  that  thou  wast 
a  bondman  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  the  Lord  thy  God  redeemed  thee  ; 
therefore  I  command  thee  this  thing  to-day. 

«  Ex.  21. 5. 6.  16  u  ^j^jj  j^  s\\dl\  be,  "if  he  say  unto  thee,  1  will  not  go  away  from  thee  ; 

because  he  loveth  thee  and  thy  house,  because  he  is  well  with  thee ; 
^^  then  thou  shalt  take  an  awl,  and  thrust  it  through  his  ear  unto  the  door, 
and  he  shall  be  thy  servant  for  ever.  And  also  unto  thy  maidservant, 
thou  shalt  do  likewise.  ^®  It  shall  not  seem  hard  unto  thee,  when  thou 

«« s?e  Is.  16. 14.  sendest  him  away  free  from  thee  ;  for  he  hath  been  worth  "a  double 
hired  servant  to  thee,  in  serving  thee  six  years  ;  and  the  Lord  thy  God 
shall  bless  thee  in  all  that  thou  doest. 

« See  Ex.  13. 2.  19  "  All  ""the  firsthug  males  that  come  of  thy  herd  and  of  thy  flock 
thou  shalt  sanctify  unto  the  Lord  thy  God  ;  thou  shalt  do  no  work  with 
the  firstling  of  thy  bullock,  nor  shear  the  firstling  of  thy  sheep.  ^"Thou 
shalt  eat  it  before  the  Lord  thy  God  year  by  year  in  the  place  which 

y  Le.22. 20.  the  LoRD  shall  choose,  thou  and  thy  household.  ~^  And  ''if  there  be  any 
blemish  therein,  as  if  it  be  lame,  or  blind,  or  have  any  ill  blemish,  thou 
shalt  not  sacrifice  it  unto  the  Lord  thy  God.  ^~  Thou  shalt  eat  it  within 
thy  gates ;  'the  unclean  and  the  clean  person  shall  eat  it  alike,  as  the 
roebuck,  and  as  the  hart.  ^^  Only  "thou  shalt  not  eat  the  blood  thereof; 
thou  shalt  pour  it  upon  the  ground  as  water. 

1  "  Observe  the  ''month  of  Abib,  and  keep  the  Passover  unto  Deut.  xvi. 
the  Lord  thy  God  ;  for  'in  the  month  of  Abib  the  Lord  thy 
God  brought  thee  forth  out  of  Egypt  by  night.  "  Thou  shalt  therefore 
sacrifice  the  Passover  unto  the  Lord  thy  God,  of  the  flock  and  ''the  herd, 
in  the  'place  which  the  Lord  shall  choose  to  place  his  name  there. 
2  Thou  ^shalt  eat  no  leavened  bread  with  it ;  seven  days  shalt  thou  eat 
unleavened  bread  therewith,  even  the  bread  of  affliction,  (for  thou 
camest  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  in  haste  ;)  that  thou  mayest  re- 
member the  day  when  thou  camest  forth  out  of  tlie  land  of  Egypt  all 
the  days  of  thy  life.  ''  And  ^thcre  shall  be  no  leavened  bread  seen  with 
thee  in  all  thy  coast  seven  days;  ''neither  shall  there  any  thing  of 
the  flesh,  whicli  thou  sacrificcdst  the  first  day  at  even,  remain  all  night 
until  the  morning.  ^  Thou  mayest  not  *sacrifice  the  Passover  within  any 


z  Do.  12. 

15,  23. 

a  See  Ge. 

9.  4. 

b  See  Ex. 
&c. 
c  See  Ex. 

,  12.  2, 
13.4. 

dNu.28. 

19. 

t  Do.  12. 

5,26. 

/See  Ex.  12.  8, 
15,  19, 39. 

e  Ex.  13. 

^ 

h  Ex.  12. 

10. 

i  Ex.  12.  6. 

j  Ex.  12.  8,  9. 

2  Ch.  3.5.  13. 
k  2  Ki.  23.  23. 

Jo.  2.  13,  23.  & 

11.  55. 
lEx.]2.  16.&13. 

6.  Le.  23.  8. 


m  Ex.  23.  16.  & 
34.  22.  Le.  23. 

15.  Nu.  28.  26. 

Ac.  2.  1. 
I  Or,  sufficiency. 
n  1  Co.  16.  2. 

o  De.  12.  7, 12, 
18. 


p  Ex.  23.  16. 

*  Heb.  floor,  and 
thij  winepress, 
q  Ne.  8.  9,  &c. 


•  Le.  23.  39,  40. 


Part  VIII.]       REHEARSING  THE  JUDICIAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  LAWS.    293 

of  thy  gates,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee ;  ^  but  at  the  place 
which  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  choose  to  place  his  name  in,  there  thou 
shalt  sacrifice  the  Passover  'at  even,  at  the  going  down  of  the  sun,  at 
the  season  that  thou  earnest  forth  out  of  Egypt.  ^And  thou  shalt  ^ roast 
and  eat  it  *in  the  place  which  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  choose ;  and  thou 
shalt  turn  in  the  morning  and  go  unto  thy  tents.  ^  Six  days  thou  shalt 
eat  unleavened  bread  ;  and  'on  the  seventh  day  shall  be  a  tsolemn  as- 
sembly to  the  Lord  thy  God,  thou  shalt  do  no  work  therein. 

^  "  Seven  ""weeks  shalt  thou  number  unto  thee  :  begin  to  number  the 
seven  weeks  from  such  time  as  thou  beginnest  to  put  the  sickle  to  the 
corn.  1°  And  thou  shalt  keep  the  feast  of  Weeks  unto  the  Lord  thy 
God  with  la  tribute  of  a  freewill  offering  of  thy  hand,  which  thou  shalt 
give  unto  the  Lord  thy  God,  "according  as  the  Lord  thy  God  hath 
blessed  thee.  ^^  And  "thou  shalt  rejoice  before  the  Lord  thy  God,  thou, 
and  thy  son,  and  thy  daughter,  and  thy  manservant,  and  thy  maidser- 
vant, and  the  Levite  that  is  within  thy  gates,  and  the  stranger,  and  the 
fatherless,  and  the  widow,  that  are  among  you,  in  the  place  which  the 
Lord  thy  God  hath  chosen  to  place  his  name  there.  ^^  And  thou  shalt 
remember  that  thou  wast  a  bondman  in  Egypt ;  and  thou  shalt  observe 
and  do  these  statutes. 

1^ "  Thou  ^shalt  observe  the  feast  of  Tabernacles  seven  days,  after  that 
thou  hast  gathered  in  thy  *corn  and  thy  wine,  i'*  And  'thou  shalt  rejoice 
in  thy  feast,  thou,  and  thy  son,  and  thy  daughter,  and  thy  manservant, 
and  thy  maidservant,  and  the  Levite,  the  stranger,  and  the  fatherless, 
and  the  widow,  that  are  within  thy  gates.  ^^  Seven  "days  shalt  thou  keep 
a  solemn  feast  unto  the  Lord  thy  God  in  the  place  which  the  Lord  shall 
choose  ;  because  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  bless  thee  in  all  thine  increase, 
and  in  all  the  works  of  thy  hands,  therefore  thou  shalt  surely  rejoice. 
^6  "  Three  'times  in  a  year  shall  all  thy  males  appear  before  the  Lord 
thy  God  in  the  place  which  he  shall  choose  ;  in  the  feast  of  Unleavened 
Bread,  and  in  the  feast  of  Weeks,  and  in  the  feast  of  Tabernacles. 
And  'they  shall  not  appear  before  the  Lord  empty  ;  ^^  every  man  shall 
give  +as  he  is  able,  according  to  the  blessing  of  the  Lord  thy  God  which 
he  hath  given  thee. 

IS  "  Judges  "and  officers  shalt  thou  make  thee  in  all  thy  gates,  which 
the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee,  throughout  thy  tribes  ;  and  they  shall 
judge  the  people  with  just  judgment.  ^'^  Thou  "shalt  not  wrest  judg- 
ment, "thou  shalt  not  respect  persons,  'neither  take  a  gift ;  for  a  gift 
doth  blind  the  eyes  of  the  wise,  and  pervert  the  twords  of  the  righ- 
teous. -"  *That  which  is  altogether  just  shalt  thou  follow,  that  thou 
mayest  '■'live,  and  inherit  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee. 
21 "  Thou  'shalt  not  plant  thee  a  grove  of  any  trees  near  unto  the  altar 
of  the  Lord  thy  God,  which  thou  shalt  make  thee.  ^^  Neither  "shalt 
thou  set  thee  up  any  timage ;  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hateth. 

1  "  Thou  'shalt  not  sacrifice  unto  the  Lord  thy  God  any    Deut.  xvii.  1. 
bullock,  or  tsheep,  wherein  is  blemish,  or  any  evil-favored- 
ness  ;  for  that  is  an  abomination  unto  the  Lord  thy  God. 

Sect.  LXXXIII. Moses'  Speech  continued ; — Repetition  of  the  Judicial 

and  Miscellaneous  Lcnvs. 
Dect.  xvii.  2,  to  the  end,  and  xviii.  to  xxvi. 
Idolators  must  be  slain.  8  Hard  controversies  are  to  he  determined  by  the  priests  and  Judges.  12 
The  contemner  of  that  determination  must  die.  14  The  election,  16  and  duty  of  a  kinff.  — -  Chap, 
xviii.  1  The  Lord  is  the  priests'  and  Levites'  inheritance.  3  The  priest's  due.  6  T7ie  Levite  s 
portion.  9  The  abominations  of  the  nations  are  to  be  avoided.  15  Christ  the  Prophet  is  to  be 
heard.  20  Tlie  presumptuous  prophet  is  to  die.  —  Chap.  xi.x.  1  The  cities  of  refuge.  4  Tlie 
privile-re  thereof  for  the  manslayer.  14  Tlie  landmark  is  not  to  be  remm-ed.  15  Two  witnesses 
at  the  feast.  16  The  punishment  of  a  false  icitness.  —  Chap.  xx.  1  Tlie  priest's  exhortation  to  en- 
courao-e  the  people  to  battle.  5  The  ojicer.i'  proclamation  who  are  to  he  dismissed  from,  the  war. 
10  Hmv  to  use  the  cities  that  accept  or  refuse  the  proclamation  of  peace.  16  IMiat  cities  must  be 
devoted.  19  Trees  of  mans  meat  must  not  he  destroyed  in  the  sies^e.  —  Chap.  xxi.  1  The  expia- 
tion of  an  uncertain  murder.     10  The  usage  of  a  cdptire  taken  to  wife.     15  Tlie  firstborn  ts  not 


t  Ex.  23.  15.  & 

34.  20. 
t  Heb.  according 

to  the  gift  of  his 

lurnd.  2  Co.  8. 

12. 
u  De.  1.  16.  1  Ch. 

23.  4.  2  Ch.  19. 

5,8. 
w  Ex.  23.  2,  6. 
w  Pr.  24.  23. 
X  Ex.  23.  8.  Pr. 

17.  23.  Ec.  7.  7. 
J  Or,  matters. 
*  Heb.  Justice, 

justice, 
y  Ez.  18.  5,  9. 
z  Ex.  34.  13.  IKi. 

14.  15.  2  Ki.  17. 

16.  2Ch.  33.  3. 
aLe.28.1. 
f  Or,  statue,  or, 

pillar. 
6  Mai.  1.  8,  13, 

14. 
+  Of)  g'"'-'- 


SECT.  LXXXIII 

A.  M.  2553. 
B. C.  1451. 
Hales,  1608. 
Abel-shittim. 


294  MOSES'   SPEECH  CONTINUED,  [Period  III. 

to  be.  disiiilieHted  upon  private  affection.  \Z  A  stubborn  son  is  to  be  stoned  to  death.  22  The 
malefactor  7nitst  not  hang  all  night  on  a  tree.  —  Chap.  xxii.  1  Of  humanity  toward  brethren.  5 
The  sex  is  to  be  distinguished  by  apjiarel.  6  The  dam  is  not  to  be  taken  with  her  young  ones.  8 
The  liouse  must  liare  battlements.  9  Confusion  is  to  be  avoided.  12  Fringes  upon  the  vesture. 
13  The  punishmeiU  of  him  that  slanderetli  his  icife.  20,  22  Of  adultery,  25  of  rape,  28  and  of 
fornication.  30  Incest.  —  Chap.  x.\iii.  1  WiO  jnay  or  may  not  enter  into  the  congregation.  9 
Umleanness  to  be  avoided  in  the  host.  15  Of  the  fugitive  servant.  17  Of  filthiness.  18  Of 
abominable  sacrifices.  19  Of  usury.  21  Of  vows.  M  Of  trespasses.  —  Chap.  xxiv.  1  O/"  rii- 
vorce.  5  A  neio  married  man  goeth  not  to  war.  6,  10  Of  pledges.  7  Of  manstealers.  8  Of 
leprosy.  14  The  hire  is  to  be  given.  16  Of  justice.  19  O/"  cJiarity.  —  Chap.  xxv.  1  Stripes 
must  not  exceed  forty.  4  Tlie  ox  is  not  to  be  muzzled.  5  Of  raising  seed  unto  a  brother.  \\  Of 
the  immodest  wornan.  13  Of  unjust  weiglits.  17  The  memory  of  Amalek  is  to  be  blotted  out.  — 
Chap.  xxvi.  1  IVie  confession  of  him  that  offereth  the  basket  ofjirstfruits.  12  The  prayer  of  him 
that  giveth  his  third  year's  tithes.     16  The  covenant  between  (rod  and  the  people. 

aDe.  13. 6,  &c.        2  a  jp  "there  bc  found  among  you,  within  any  of  thy  gates  which  the 
Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee,  man  or  woman,  that  hath  wrought  wicked- 
ftjoa.  7. 11^15.    ness  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  thy  God,  'in  transgressing  his  covenant, 
18.'  12.  HoTs.'i.  ^  and  hath  gone  and  served  other  gods,  and  worshipped  them,  either  "the 
c  See  Job  31. 26.    g^^^  ^j.  ^loou,  or  any  of  the  host  of  heaven,  "^which  I  have  not  com- 
3i!'  '    '    '      manded  ;  ^  and  it  be  told  thee,  and  thou  hast  heard  of  it,  and  inquired 
dihgently,  and  behold,  it  be  true,  and  the  thing  certain,  that  such  abomi- 
nation is  wrought  in  Israel :  ^  then  shalt  thou  bring  forth  that  man  or 
that  woman,  which  iiave  committed  that  wicked  thing,  unto  thy  gates, 
e  Le.  24.  14, 16.    evcu  that  man  or  that  woman,  and  ^shalt  stone  them  with  stones,  till  they 
■^Mat  Ts  Te  Jo    ^^^'  ^  ^^  "^^'^^  mouth  of  two  witnesses,  or  three  witnesses,  shall  he  that  is 
8. 17.  a'co."  13.'   worthy  of  death  be  put  to  death  ;  but  at  the  mouth  of  one  witness  he 
He.  io."28.'    ■    shall  not  be  put  to  death.  ^  The  "hands  of  the  witnesses  shall  be  first 
g  Ac.  7. 58.         ypQ,^  j^jj^^  tQ  put  hifi^  tQ  death,  and  afterward  the  hands  of  all  the  people. 

So  thou  shalt  put  the  evil  away  from  among  you. 

/iS  ch.  19. 10.  8  a  jf  ^tjiere  arise  a  matter  too  hard  for  thee  in  judgment,  'between  blood 

2.T  •    ■    "^  •  and  blood,  between  plea  and  plea,  and  between  stroke  and  stroke,  being 

'«1)%f  "as^Nu^^'  matters  of  controversy  within  thy  gates :  then  shalt  thou  arise,  ^and  get 

3.5!  li;  lei  19.*    thee  up  into  the  place  which  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  choose ;  ^and  *thou 

is^e'e^jf  18  18.    ^^alt  comc  unto  the  priests  the  Levites,  and  'unto  the  judge  that  shall  be 

jDe.  19. 17.        in  those  days,  and  inquire  ;  '"and  they  shall  show  thee  the  sentence  of 

raEz.  44.24.       judgment.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  do  according  to  the  sentence,  which  they 

of  that  place  which  the  Lord  shall  choose  shall  show  thee  ;  and  thou 

shalt  observe  to  do  according  to  all  that  they  inform  thee  ;  ^^  according 

to  the  sentence  of  the  law  which  they  shall  teach  thee,  and  according 

to  the  judgment  which   they  shall  tell  thee,  thou  shalt  do ;  thou  shalt 

not  decline  from  the  sentence  which  they  shall  show  thee,  to  the  right 

nNu.  15.30.       hand,  nor  to  the  left,  i- And  "the  man  that  will  do  presumptuously, 

4!  4?  ^^'  ^'  ""'    *and  will  not  hearken  unto  the  priest  "that  standeth  to  minister   there 

*i^arken'"^''''       bcfore  the  LoRD  thy  God,  or  unto  the  judge,  even  that  man  shall  die  : 

oDc.  18. 5,  7.      and  thou  shalt  put  away  the  evil  from  Israel.  ^^  And  all  the  people  shall 

hear,  and  fear,  and  do  no  more  presumptuously. 

1"^ "  When  thou  art  come  unto  the  land  which  tJie  Lord  thy  God 

giveth  thee,  and  shalt  possess  it,  and  shalt  dwell  therein,  and  shalt  say, 

P^sa.8.5,19,    PI  virill  get  a  king  over  me,  like  as  all  the  nations  that  are  about  me: 

jseeisa.  9.15.  ^^  thou  shalt  in  any  wise  set  him  king  over  thee,  'whom  the  Lord  thy 

fo.^i'cit;  Ix  lb.  God  shall  choose  ;  one  "from  among  thy  brethren  shalt  thou  set  king 

rJe.30.  21.        over  thee,  thou  mayest  not  set  a  stranger  over  thee,  which  is  not  thy 

«JyK^- 4- 26.  Ps.   brother.  I'^But  he  shall  not  multiply  'horses  to  himself,  nor  cause  the 

tis'.si.  i.Ez.17.  people  'to  return  to  Egypt,  to  the  end  that  he  should  multiply  horses,  for- 

uDo  28.68  Ho.  'ismuch  as  the  Lord  hath  said  unto  you,  'Ye  "shall  henceforth  return 

ii.\seeje.   '  no  niorc  that  way.    ^''Neither  shall  he  multiply  wives  to  himself,  that 

rtee^i  Ki.  11.     "his  heart  turn  not  away  ;  neither  shall  he  greatly  multiply  to  himself 

\'^\.        ^      silver  and  gold.   '^  And  '"it  shall  be,  when  he  sitteth  upon  the  throne 

«,2k..  11. 12.      ^^  j^.^  kingdom,  that  he  shall  write  him  a  copy  of  this  law  in  a  book 

2^ue.3i.  9,26.     out  of  ""that  wliich  is  before  the  priests  the  Levites.   ^^  And  ''it  shall  be 

,/jol  1. 8.  Ps.      with  him,  and  he  shall  read  therein  all  the  days  of  his  life  ;  that  he  may 

119.97,98.         igg^j-n  to  fear  the  Lord  his  God,  to  keep  all  the  words  of  this  law  and 


Part  VIII.l 

»  De.  5.  32.  1  Ki. 
15.5. 

a  Nu.  18.  20. 

6  Nu.  18.  8,  9. 
1  Co.  9.  13. 

0  Le.  7.  30-34. 
d  £x.  22.  29. 


/De.  10.  8. 


^  Nu.  35.  2,  3. 
A  De.  19.  5. 


f  Heb.  Ais  sales 
by  the  fathers. 

k  Le.  18.  26,  27, 

30. 

Z  Le.  18.  21. 

TO  Le.  19.  26,  31. 

Is.  8.  19. 
71  Le.  20.  27. 
0  1  Sa.  28.  7. 
y  Le.  18.  24,  25. 

J  Or,  upright,  or, 
sincere.  Ge.  17.1. 
*  Or,  inherit. 


•De.  9.  10. 
Ex.  20.  19.  He. 


t  ver.  15. 

mis.  51.  16.  Jo. 

17.8. 
V  Jo.  4.  25.  &  8. 

28.  &  12.  49,  .50. 
w  Ac.  3.  23. 


jfDe.  13.  1,2.  Je. 


I  Je.  28.  9. 

a  See  De.  13.  9. 


■f  Heb.  injieritest, 

or,  p:issess;M:t. 
b  Ex.  21.  13.  Nu. 
35.  10,  14.  Jo3. 


REHEARSING  THE  JUDICIAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  LAWS.  295 

these  statutes,  to  do  them  ;  ~°  that  his  heart  be  not  hfted  up  above  his 
brethren,  and  tliat  he  "turn  not  aside  from  the  commandment,  to  the 
right  hand,  or  to  the  left :  to  the  end  that  he  may  prolong  his  days  in 
his  kingdom,  he,  and  his  children,  in  the  midst  of  Israel. 

1 "  The  priests  the  Levites,  and  all  the  tribe  of  Levi,  "shall  Deut.  xviii. 
have  no  part  nor  inheritance  with  Israel ;  they  ''shall  eat  the 
offerings  of  the  Lord  made  by  fire,  and  his  inheritance.  ^  Therefore 
shall  they  have  no  inheritance  among  their  brethren  ;  the  Lord  is  their 
inheritance,  as  he  hath  said  unto  them. 

^  "  And  this  shall  be  the  priest's  due  from  the  people,  from  them  that 
offer  a  sacrifice,  whether  it  be  ox  or  sheep ;  and  "they  shall  give  unto 
the  priest  the  shoulder,  and  the  two  cheeks,  and  the  maw.  ^  The  ''first- 
fruit  also  of  thy  corn,  of  thy  wine,  and  of  thine  oil,  and  the  first  of  the 
fleece  of  thy  sheep,  shalt  thou  give  him.  ^  For  'the  Lord  thy  God  hath 
chosen  him  out  of  all  thy  tribes,  ^to  stand  to  minister  in  the  name  of 
the  Lord,  him  and  his  sons  for  ever. 

^  "  And  if  a  Levite  come  from  any  of  thy  gates  out  of  all  Israel,  where 
he  "'sojourned,  and  come  with  all  the  desire  of  his  mind  ''unto  the  place 
which  the  Lord  shall  choose  ;  '^  then  he  shall  minister  in  the  name  of  the 
Lord  his  God,  'as  all  his  brethren  the  Levites  do,  which  stand  there 
'•  before  the  Lord.  '^They  shall  have  hke-' portions  to  eat,  besides  tthat 
which  Cometh  of  the  sale  of  his  patrimony. 

^  "  When  thou  art  come  into  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth 
thee,  *thou  shalt  not  learn  to  do  after  the  abominations  of  those  nations. 
^°  There  shall  not  be  found  among  you  any  one  that  maketh  his  son 
or  his  daughter  'to  pass  through  the  fire,  '"or  that  useth  divination,  or 
an  observer  of  times,  or  an  enchanter,  or  a  witch,  ^^  or  "a  charmer,  or  a 
consulter  with  familiar  spirits,  or  a  wizard,  or  "a  necromancer.  ^^  For 
all  that  do  these  things  are  an  abomination  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  ^be- 
cause of  these  abominations  the  Lord  thy  God  doth  drive  them  out  from 
before  thee.  ^^  Thou  shalt  be  Iperfect  with  the  Lord  thy  God.  ^^  For 
these  nations,  which  thou  shalt  *possess,  hearkened  unto  observers  of 
times,  and  unto  diviners  ;  but  as  fxir  thee,  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  not 
suffered  thee  so  to  do. 

1^  "  The  'Lord  thy  God  will  raise  up  unto  thee  a  Prophet  from  the 
midst  of  thee,  of  thy  brethren,  like  unto  me  ;  unto  him  ye  shall  hearken, 
^^  according  to  all  that  thou  desiredst  of  the  Lord  thy  God  in  Horeb 
'"in  the  day  of  the  assembly,  saying,  '  Let  'me  not  hear  again  the  voice 
of  the  Lord  my  God,  neither  let  me  see  this  great  fire  any  more,  that 
I  die  not.'  ^"^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me, '  They  have  well  spoken  that 
which  they  have  spoken.  ^^  I  'will  raise  them  up  a  Prophet  from  among 
their  brethren,  like  unto  thee,  and  "will  put  my  words  in  his  mouth  ; 
"and  he  shall  speak  unto  them  all  that  I  shall  command  him.  ^^  And 
'"it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  whosoever  will  not  hearken  unto  my  words 
which  he  shall  speak  in  my  Name,  I  will  require  it  of  him.  -"  But  ""the 
prophet,  which  shall  presume  to  speak  a  word  in  my  Name,  which  I 
have  not  commanded  him  to  speak,  or  "that  shall  speak  in  the  name 
of  other  gods,  even  that  prophet  shall  die.  ^^  And  if  thou  say  in  thy 
heart,  How  shalUve  know  the  word  which  the  Lord  hath  not  spoken? 
^^  When  ""a  prophet  speaketh  in  the  name  of  the  Lord,  "if  the  thing 
follow  not,  nor  come  to  pass,  that  is  the  thing  which  the  Lord  hath 
not  spoken,  but  the  prophet  hath  spoken  it  presumptuously  ;  thou  shalt 
not  be  afraid  of  him.' 

^  "  When  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  cut  off  the  nations,  whose  Deut.  xix. 
land  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee,  and  thou  tsucceedest 
them,  and  dwellest  in  their  cities,  and  in  their  houses ;  ^thou  *shalt 
separate  three  cities  for  thee  in  the  midst  of  thy  land,  which  the  Lord 


296  MOSES'   SPEECH   CONTINUED,  [Period  III. 

thy  God  giveth  thee  to  possess  it.  ^  Thou  shalt   prepare  thee  a  way, 

and  divide  the  coasts  of  thy  land,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth 

thee  to  inherit,  into  three  parts,  that  every  slayer  may  flee  thither. 

cxu.  35. 15.  4  u  ^^Ynd  ^this  is  the  case  of  the  slayer,  which  shall  flee  thither,  that 

he  may  live.    Whoso  killeth  his  neighbour  ignorantly,  whom  he  hated 

^3dl/oiTthi^d    "ot  Jin  time  past :  ^  as  when  a  man  goeth  into  the  wood  with  his  neigh- 

^"y-  hour  to  hew  wood,  and  his  hand  fetcheth  a  stroke  with  the  axe  to  cut 

tHeb.'ir./.        down  the  tree,  and  the  *head  slippeth  from  the  thelve,  and  llighteth 

t  Hob.  jindctA.      upon  his  neighbour  that  he  die  ;  he  shall  flee  unto  one  of  these  cities, 

d  Nu.  35. 12.       and   live,  *^  lest  ''the  avenger   of  the  blood  pursue  the  slayer,  while  his 

*  "^/;.*'""'*""    heart  is  hot,  and  overtake  him,  because  the  way  is  long,  and  *slay  him ; 

whereas  he  was  not  worthy  of  death,  inasmuch  as  he  hated  him  not 

\^rti/^rtkfd'   ^^^  t™^  P^^t. — ''  Wherefore  I  command  thee,  saying.  Thou  shalt  sep- 

rfay-  arate  three  cities  for  thee.  ^  And  if  the  Lord  thy  God  'enlarge  thy 

coast,  as  he  hath  sworn  unto  thy  fathers,  and  give   thee  all   the   land 

which  he  promised  to  give  unto  thy  fathers  ;  ^  if  thou  shalt  keep  all 

these  commandments  to  do  them,  which  I  command  thee  this  day,  to 

/Jos.  20. 7, 8.      love  the  Lord  thy  God,  and  to  walk  ever  in  his  ways  ;  ■'^then  shalt  thou 

add  three  cities  more  for  thee,  besides  these  three  ;  '^^  that  innocent  blood 

be  not  shed  in  thy  land,  which  the  Lord   thy  God  giveth  thee  for  an 

inheritance,  and  so  blood  be  upon  thee. 

^Nu'ab'ilSf'^'       ^^  '  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^y  "^^"  h^^^  h'^  neighbour,  and  lie  in  wait  for  him,  and 

Do.  27. 24.'  Pr.    risc  up  agaiust  him,  and  smite  him  tmortally  that  he  die,  and  fleeth  into 

t  Heh.'in life.       ^^^  of  thcsc  citics  ;  '~  then  the  elders  of  his  city  shall  send  and  fetch 

him  thence,  and  deliver  him  into  the  hand  of  the  avenger  of  blood,  that 

A^De.  13. 8. &  25.  he  may  die.  ^^  Thine  ''eye  shall  not  pity  him,  'but  thou  shalt  put  away 

tNu.35.  33,34.    the  guilt  of  inuoccnt  blood  from  Israel,  that  it  may  go  well  with  thee. 

De^2i.  9.  iKi.        14  u  Thou  ^shalt  uot  rcmovo  thy  neighbour's  landmark,  which  they  of 

j  See  Job  24. 2.     old  time  have  set  in  thine  inheritance,  which  thou  shalt  inherit  in  the 

land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee  to  possess  it. 

^n.^e.^ia^u'i""'       ^^  "  ^"^  ^witness  shall  not  rise  up  against  a  man  for  any  iniquity,  or 

2Co'*i3^'/^'      ^^'^  ^"^  ^"^'  ^"  ^"^  ^"^  ^'^^^  ^^^  sinneth  ;  at  the  mouth  of  two  witnesses, 

1  Tim.  5. 19.      or  at  the  mouth  of  three  witnesses,  shall  the  matter  be  established. 

zpr27  12  &;35        ^^  "  ^^  ^  ^^'^®  witucss  'risc  up  aguiust  any  man  to  testify  against  him 

11.'    '    "      '  *that  which  is  wrong  ;  ^"^  then  both  the  men,  between  whom  the  contro- 

*wJaj^^"'"        versy  is,  shall  stand  before  the  Lord, "before  the  priests  and  the  judges, 

m  De.  17. 9.        which  shall  be  in  those  days  ;  ^^  and   the  judges   shall  make  diligent 

inquisition :  and,  behold,  if  the  witness  be  a  false  witness,  and   hath 

"ifa.' 6.^4.' ^iiist.  testified  falsely  against  his  brother  ;  ^^  then  "shall  ye  do  unto  him,  as  he 

of sus.  62.         had  thought  to  have  done  unto  his  brother,  "so  shalt  thou  put  the  evil 

p  ue.  17. 13.        away  from  among  you.  ^^  And  ''those  which  remain  shall  hear,  and  fear, 

and  shall  henceforth  commit  no  more  any  such  evil  among  you.  "^  And 

'o^^bo.^Mat.^^"   thine  eye  shall  not  pity  ;  but  'life  shall  go  for  life,  eye  for  eye,  tooth  for 

^^-  tooth,  hand  for  hand,  foot  for  foot. 

^  "  When  thou  goest  out  to  battle  against  thine  enemies,    Deut.  xx. 
^u.%\.\?^' ~'     ^"^  seest  'horses,  and  chariots,  and  a  people  more  than  thou, 
sNu.23. 2i.De.  be  uot  afraid  of  them;  for  the  Lord  thy  God   is  "with   thee,  which 
isl  vl's^-M^'    brought  tiiee  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt.  ~  And  it  shall  be,  when  ye 
^'^-  are  come  nigh  unto  the  battle,  that  the  priest  shall  approach  and  speak 

unto  the  people,  ^and  shall  say  unto  them.  Hear,  O  Israel !  ye  approach 
\iu\,.  he  tender,    ^^is  day  uuto  battle  against  your  enemies:   let  not  your   hearts  tfaint, 
xneh.makehasie.  fg^r  not,  and  do  not  ttremble,  neither  be  ye  terrified  because  of  them  ; 
'^'iJ; ^°- •'°'-     ' for  the  Lord  your  God  is  he   that  goeth  with  you,  'to  fight  for  you 
against  your  enemies,  to  save  you. 

^  "  And  the  officers  shall  speak  unto  the  people,  saying,  What  man  is 

"p^8!3o^titie^'  ^^*  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  '^^th  built  a  new  house,  and  hath  not  "dedicated  it  ?  let  him  go 

and  return  unto  his  house,  lest  he  die  in  the  battle,  and  another  man 


Part  VIII.]         REHEARSLNG  THE  JUDICIAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  LAWS.  297 

dedicate  it.  ^  And  what  man  is  he  that  hath  planted  a  vineyard,  and 
*  Heb.  made  it  hath  not  vet  *eaten  of  it  ?  let  him  also  go  and  return  unto  his  house, 
iri9"23"l4.  lest  he  die  in  the  battle,  and  another  man  eat  of  it.  '  And  "what  man 
"S'l^t  is  there  that  hath  betrothed  a  wife,  and  hath  not  taken  her?  let  him 
"   '■    ■  ■         ao  and  return  unto  his  house,  lest   he  die  in   the  battle,  and  another 

man  take  her.  ^  And  the  officers  shall  speak  further  unto  the  people, 
,0  ju.  7. 3.  and  they  shall  say,  "What  man  is  there  that  is  fearful  and  faint-hearted  ? 

t  ueb.mdt.         ig.  j^jj-j-j  go  and  return  unto  his  house,  lest  his  brethren's  heart  tfaintas 

well  as  his  heart.  »  And  it  shall  be,  when  the  officers  have  made  an  end 

of  speaking  unto  the  people,  that  they  shall  make  captains  of  the  armies 

t  Heb.  to  be  in        JJq  Jgad  the  pCOplc. 

felpie   "^  10 ''  When  thou  comest  nigh  unto  a  city  to  fight  against  it,  "then  pro- 

x2Sa.2o.  18,20.  ^j^j^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  -^^    u  ^nd  it  shall  bc,  if  it  make  thee  answer  of  peace, 

and  open  unto  thee,  then  it  shall  be,  that  all  the  people  that  is  found 

therein  shall  be  tributaries  unto  thee,  and  they  shall  serve  thee.  ^^And 

if  it  will  make  no  peace  with  thee,  but  will  make  war  against  thee,  then 

thou  shalt  besiege  it.  ^^  And  when  the  Lord  thy  God   hath  delivered 

j,Nu.3].7.         it  into  thy  hands,  ^thou  shalt  smite  every  male  thereof  with  the  edge 

z  Jos.  8.  2.  of  the  sword  ;  ^'^but  the  women,  and  the  little  ones,  and  ^the  cattle, 

*Heb.^;,oi/.        and  all  that  is  in  the  city,  even  all  the  spoil  thereof,  shalt  thou  *take 

a  Jos.  22. 8.         unto  thysclf ;  and  "thou  shalt  eat  the  spoil  of  thine  enemies,  which  the 

Lord  thy  God  hath  given  thee.  i^Thus  shalt  thou  do  unto  all  the  cities 

which  are  very  far  off  from  thee,  which  are  not  of  the  cities  of  these 

6  Nu.  21. 2, 3, 35.  natious.  i*^But  ^of  the  cities  of  these  people,  which  the  Lord  thy  God 

&33.52.  OS.      ^^^^^  ^.^^  ^j^^^  ^^^  ^^^  inheritance,  thou  shalt  save  alive  nothing  that 

breatheth,  ^^but  thou  shalt  utterly  destroy  them    (namely,  the  Hittites, 

and  the  Amorites,  the  Canaanites,  and  the  Perizzites,  the  Hivites,  and 

the  Jebusites),  as  the  Lord  thy  God  hath   commanded  thee ;  ^Hhat 

cDe.  7. 4.  -they  teach  you  not  to  do  after  all  their  abominations,  which  they  have 

d  Ex.  23. 33.        done  unto  their  gods  ;  so  should  ye  "sin  against  the  Lord  your  God. 

19  "  When  thou  shalt  besiege  a  city  a  long  time,  in  making  war 

against  it  to  take  it,  thou  shalt  not  destroy  the  trees  thereof  by  forcing 

an  axe  against  them ;  for  thou  mayest  eat  of  them,  and  thou  shalt  not 

t Or, /«r,  Oman/  cut  thcin  dowu  (tfor  tlic  tree  of  the  field   is  man's  life)  tto   employ 

tTbefniioifd  them  in  the  siege.  ^^  Only  the  trees  which  thou  knowest  that  they  be 

tVeb  fo^'ofrcm  "ot  trces  for  meat,  thou  shalt  destroy  and   cut  them  down  ;  and  thou 

Wore  tk!e.  '""  ghalt  bulld  bulwarks  against  the  city  that  maketh  war  with  thee,  until 

*j^eb.  it  come      *it  bc  subdued. 

1  "  If  one  be  found  slain  in  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  Deut.  xxi. 
God  giveth  thee  to  possess  it,  lying  in  the  field,  and  it  be 
not  known  who  hath  slain  him  ;  '^  then  thy  elders  and  thy  judges  shall 
come  forth,  and  they  shall  measure  unto  the  cities  which  are  round 
about  him  that  is  slain.  ^  And  it  shall  be,  that  the  city  which  is  next 
unto  the  slain  man,  even  the  elders  of  that  city  shall  take  a  heifer, 
which  hath  not  been  wrought  with,  and  which  hath  not  drawn  in  the 
yoke ;  ''  and  the  elders  of  that  city  shall  bring  down  the  heifer  unto  a 
rough  valley,  which  is  neither  eared  nor  sown,  and  shall  strike  off"  the 
heifer's  neck  there  in  the  valley.  ^  And  the  priests  the  sons  of  Levi 
eDe.  10.8. 1  cb.  shall  comc  near  ;  for  'them  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  chosen  to  minister 

23.13.  Eccl.45.    ^^^^^^   j^.^^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^j^^^   .^^   ^j^^  ^^^^^  ^^    ^^^  ^^^^^  .    ^^^^    ^   ^j^gi^  |^Ord 

tHeb.m(,«jft.De.  gj^j^j]  g^gj.y  controvcrsy  and  every  stroke  be  tried.  *5  And  all  the  elders 
/See  Pa.' 19.  12.  of  that  city,  that  are  next  unto  the  slain  man,  ^shall  wash  their  hands 
&  26. 6.  iM»t.  ^^,gj.  ^j^g  j^gjfg^.  ^i^^j  jg  beheaded  in  the  valley  ;  '  and  they  shall  answer 
and  say,  Our  hands  have  not  shed  this  blood,  neither  have  our  eyes 
.Jonah  1.14.  seen  it.  ^  Be  merciful,  O  Lord!  unto  thy  people  Israel,  whom  thou 
St'.'"  "'"  hast  redeemed,  'and  lay  not  innocent  blood  tunto  tliy  people  of  Israel's 
fcDcVig.  13.  charge.  And  the  blood  shall  be  forgiven  them.  ^  So  "shalt  thou  put 
VOL.  I.  38 


>Ge.25.  31,  33. 


298  MOSES'  SPEECH  COISTINUED,  [Period  III. 

away  the  guilt  of  innocent  blood  from  among  you,  when  thou  shalt  do 
that  which  is  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord. 

10  u  \y})e,^  t}^Qu  goest  forth  to  war  against  thine  enemies,  and  the 
Lord  thy  God  hath  delivered  them  into  thy  hands,  and  thou  hast  taken 
them  captive,  '^and  seest  among  the  captives  a  beautiful  woman,  and 
hast  a  desire  unto  her,  that  thou  wouldest  have  her  to  thy  wife  ;  ^^  then 
thou  shalt  bring  her  home  to  thy  house  ;  and  she  shall  shave  her  head, 

*J^olc*lfeb.maJtf,  ^"•^  *pare  hcr  nails ;  ^^  and  she  shall  put  the  raiment  of  her  captivity 
or,  dre^s.  ffom  off  her,  and  shall  remain  in  thy  house,  and  'bewail  her  father  and 

*Ps!'J.'.^io.*'*'^  her  mother  a  full  month  ;  and  after  that  thou  shalt  go  in  unto  her,  and 
be  her  husband,  and  she  shall  be  thy  wife.  ^^  And  it  shall  be,  if  thou 
have  no  delight  in  her,  then  thou  shalt  let  her  go  whither  she  will ;  but 
thou  shalt  not  sell  her  at  all  for  money,  thou  shalt  not  make  merchan- 

^fi.'it^'  ^"'     ^'^^  o^  ^^^'■'  because  thou  hast  ^humbled  her. 

*  Go.  29. 33.  ^^  "  If  a  man  have  two  wives,  one  beloved,  '^and  another  hated,  and 

they  have  born   him  children,  both  the  beloved  and  the  hated  ;  and 

'26*^10  ^2  ch'ii.  if  ^1^6  firstborn  son  be  hers   that  was  hated  :  -'^  then  it  shall  be,  'when 

19,22.  he  maketh  his  sons  to  inherit  that  which  he  hath,  that  he  may  not  make 

the  son  of  the  beloved  firstborn  before  the  son  of  the  hated,  which  is 

indeed  the  firstborn  ;  ^~  but  he  shall  acknowledge  the  son  of  the  hated 

mSeeich.5.  1.  fg^  tj^g  firstbom,  "by  giving  him  a  double  portion  of  all  tthat  he  hath  ; 

^ foundlcuhhim.    for  hc  is  "the  beginning  of  his  strength,  "the  right  of  the  firstborn  is  his. 

nGe.  49. 3.  18  a  jf  ^  jj^^n  havc  a  stubbom  and  rebellious  son,  which  will  not  obey 

the  voice  of  his  father,  or  the  voice  of  his  mother,  and  that,  when  they 
have  chastened  him,  will  not  hearken  unto  them  ;  ^^  then  shall  his 
father  and  his  mother  lay  hold  on  him,  and  bring  him  out  unto  the 
elders  of  his  city,  and  unto  the  gate  of  his  place  ;  ~^  and  they  shall  say 
unto  the  elders  of  his  city.  This  our  son  is  stubborn  and  rebellious,  he 
will  not  obey  our  voice,  he  is  a  glutton  and  a  drunkard.  ^^  And  all  the 

pDe.  13.  5, 11.  nien  of  his  city  shall  stone  him  with  stones,  that  he  die.  ''So  shalt  thou 
put  evil  away  from  among  you,  and  all  Israel  shall  hear  and  fear. 

'23^29^&25^Ti,  ^^  "  And  if  a  man  have  committed  a  sin  'worthy  of  death,  and  he  be 
25.  &  26. 31.    '  tQ  bg  pyt  tQ  death,  and  thou  hang  him  on  a  tree  ;  -^  his  "body  shall  not 

"^ ^°\i'.lt'.^Q.^'  remain  all  night  upon  the  tree,  but  thou  shalt  in  any  wise  bury  him 
that  day,  (for  'he  that  is  hanged  is  Jaccursed  of  God  ;)  that  'thy  land 

Yneh"th7'ciirse  bc  uot  defilcd,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee  for  an  inheritance. 
25.4!2s^a!2i!6:  ^  "  Thou  "shalt  not  see  thy  brother's  o.\  or  his  sheep  go  Deut.  xxii. 
Le.  18. 25.  i\u.   astray,  and  hide  thyself  from  them  ;  thou  shalt  in  any  case 

bring  them  again  unto  thy  brother.  ^  And  if  thy  brother  be  not  nigh 
unto  thee,  or  if  thou  know  him  not,  then  thou  shalt  bring  it  unto  thine 
own  house,  and  it  shall  be  with  thee  until  thy  brother  seek  after  it,  and 
thou  shalt  restore  it  to  him  again.  ^  In  like  manner  shalt  thou  do  with 
his  ass  ;  and  so  shalt  thou  do  with  his  raiment  ;  and  with  all  lost  things 
of  thy  brother's,  which  he  hath  lost,  and  thou  hast  found,  shalt  thou 
do  likewise  :  thou  mayest  not  hide  thyself.  '  Thou  "shalt  not  see  thy 
brother's  ass  or  his  ox  fall  down  by  the  way,  and  hide  thyself  from 
them  ;  thou  shalt  surely  help  him  to  lift  them  up  again. 

^  "  The  woman  shall  not  wear  that  whicli  pertaincth  unto  a  man, 
neither  shall  a  man  put  on  a  woman's  garment ;  for  all  that  do  so  are 
abomination  unto  the  Lord  thy  God. 

'^ "  If  a  bird's  nest  chance  to  be  before  thee  in  the  way  in  any  tree, 
or  on  the  ground,  whether  they  be  young  ones  or  eggs,  and  the  dam 
sitting  upon  the  young,  or  upon  the  eggs,  "thou  shalt  not  take  the 
dam  with  the  young ;  ^  but  thou  shalt  in  any  wise  let  the  dam  go,  and 
take  tiie  young  to  thee,  that  it  may  be  well  with  tliee,  and  that  thou 
mayest  jjrolong  thy  days. 

^"  When  thou  buildest  a  new  house,  then  tiiou  siialt  make  a  battle- 


31 
s  Gal.  3.  13. 


35.  34. 


Part  VIIL]        REHEARSING  THE  JUDICIAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  LAWS.  299 


X  Le.  19.  19. 

*  Heb.  fulness  of 

thy  seed, 
y  See  2  Co.  6. 14- 

16. 


iNu.  15.38.  Mat 

23.5. 
f  Heb.  wings, 
a  Ge.  29.  21.  Ju. 

15.  1. 


ment  for  thy  roof,  that  thou  bring  not  blood   upon  thy  house,  if  any 

man  fall  from  thence.  '  ^ 

J' "  Thou  ^shalt  not  sow   thy  vineyard   with   divers  seeds;   lest  the 

Iruit  of  thy  seed  which  thou  hast  sown,  and  the  fruit  of  thy  vineyard 

be  defiled     "Thou  ^shalt  not  plough  with  an  ox  and  an  ass  together' 

Ihou  Shalt  not  wear  a  garment  of  divers  sorts,  as  of  woollen  and 

linen  together. 

12  "  Thou  Shalt  make  thee  ^fringes  upon   the  four  tquarters  of  thy 
vesture,  wherewith  thou  coverest  thyself.  ^ 

1^  "  If  any  man  take  a  wife,  and  "go  in  unto  her,  and  hate  her,  ^^  and 
give  occasions  of  speech  against  her,  and  bring  up  an  evil  name  upon 
her,  and  say,  I  took  this  woman,  and  when  I  came  to  her,  I  found  her 
not  a  maid  ;inhen  shall  the  father   of  the   damsel,  and  her  mother 
take  and   bring  forth  the   tokens   of  the   damsel's   virginity  unto   the 
e  ders  of  the  city  in  the  gate.  ^^  And  the  damsel's  fathe?  shall  say  unto 
the  elders   I  gave  my  daughter  unto  this  man  to  wife,  and  he  hateth 
ner,      and,  lo,  he  hath  given  occasions  of  speech  against  her,  sayino- 
1  lound  not  thy  daughter  a  maid  ;  and  yet  these  are  the  tokens  of  n?y 
daughters    virginity.     And   they  shall   spread  the    cloth    before    the 
elders  of  the  city.  ^^  And  the  elders  of  that  city  shall   take  that  man 
and  chastise  him;  1^ and  they  shall  amerce  him  in  an  hundred  shekels 
ol  silver,  and  give  them  unto  the  father  of  the  damsel,  because  he  hath 
brought  up  an  evil  name  upon  a  virgin  of  Israel ;  and  she  shall  be  his 
wife   he  may  not  put  her  away  all  his  days,  ^o  But  if  this  thing  be  true 
and  the  tokens  of  virginity  be  not  found  for  the  damsel ;  21  then  they 
shall  bring  out  the  damsel  to  the  door  of  her   father's  house,  and  the 
men  of  her  city  shall  stone  her  with  stones  that  she  die  ;  because  she 
hath   wrought  folly  m  Israel,  to  play  the  whore  in  her  father's  house, 
feo  shalt^thou  put  evil  away  from  among  you. 

ihr'!/^'''/"nu^!  ^T]"^  '^"'^  ^^'^^^  ^  ''^*'"^^"  married  to  a  husband, 
then  liey  shall  both  of  them  die,  both  the  man  that  lay  with  the  woman 
and  the  woman.     So  shalt  thou  put  away  evil  from  Israel. 

"  If  a  damsel  that  is  a  virgin  be  ^betrothed  unto   a  husband,  and 

UTlf  ^' r  '^^  '^'J'  r"^  ""  ^^^'^  ^'^'  '  "'  then  ye  shall  bring  hem 
both  out  unto  the  gate  of  that  city,  and  ye  shall  stone  them  with  stones 
that  they  die  ;  the  damsel,  because  she  cried  not,  beintr  in  the  city 
and  the  man,  because  he  hath  -^humbled  his  neighbour's  wife.  So  thou 
shaU  put  away  evil  from  among  you. 

2^  "But  if  a  man  find  a  betrothed  damsel  in  the  field,  and  the  man 

die.  iJut  unto  the  damsel  thou  shalt  do  nothing ;  there  is  in  the 
damsel  no  sin  worthy  of  death  :  for  as  when  a  man  riseth  against  his 
neighbour  and  slayeth  him,  even  so  is  this  matter  ;  ^^for  he  found  her 
save  her  betrothed  damsel  cried,  and  there  was   none   to 

Ti'  ^V"",  I"""'  .^""^  ^  '^''"''''^  t'^^t  '^  ""  ^'"gi"'  ^v^"ch  is  not  betrothed 
and  lay  hold  on  her,  and  lie  with  her,  and  they  be  found  •  29  then  the 
man  that  lay  with  her  shall  give  unto  the  damsel's  father  fifty  shekels 
of  silver,  and  she  shall  be  his  wife.  Because  he  hath  humbled  her  he 
may  not  put  her  away  all  her  days.  ' 

ski'rV' ^  '"^^"  ^''^"  ""^^  *^''^  ^'^  ^^^''^'■'^  ^''^^^'  "or  -discover  his  father's 
'  "He  that  is  wounded  in  the  stones,  or  hath  his  privy  Deut.  xxUi. 
member  cut  off,  shall  not  enter  into  the  congregation  of  the 
evp?;~i  .^!'''T''^  ''^^"."°t  enter  into  the  congregation  of  the  Lord  ; 
even  to  his  tenth  generation  shall  he  not  enter  into  the  congregation 
of  the  Lord.— 3  An  ^Ammonite  or  Moabite  shall  not  enter  into  the  con- 


300  MOSES'   SPEECH  CONTINUED,  [Period  III. 

gregation  of  the  Lord,  (even  to  their  tenth  generation  shall  they  not 

*  See  De.  2. 29.    enter  into  the  congregation  of  the  Lord  for  ever  ;)  ■*  because  *they  met 

you  not  with  bread  and  with  water  in  the   way,  when  ye  came  forth 

I  Nu.  22. 5. 6.  out  of  Egypt ;  and  'because  they  hired  against  thee  Balaam  the  son  of 
Beor  of  Pethor  of  Mesopotamia,  to  curse  thee.  ^  Nevertheless  the  Lord 
thy  God  would  not  hearken  unto  Balaam  ;  but  the  Lord  thy  God 
turned  the  curse  into  a  blessing  unto  thee,  because  the  Lord  thy  God 

m  Ezra 9. 12.       lovcd  thcc.  ^  Thou  ""shalt  not  seek  their  peace  nor  their  *prosperity  all 

nGe!''2f°2t2G.    %  days  for  cver.— '  Tliou  shalt  not  abhor  an   Edomite  ;  "for  he  is 
ob.  io,'i2.         thy  brother.     Thou  shalt  not  abhor  an  Egyptian  ;  because  "thou  wast 

oEx.22.  21.       ^  stranger  in  his  land.  ^  The  children  that  are  begotten  of  them  shall 
enter  into  the  congregation  of  the  Lord  in  their  third  generation. 
^  "  When  the  host  goeth  forth  against  thine  enemies,  then  keep  thee 

yLe.  15. 16.  from  cvcry  wickcd  thing.  ^^If^therebe  among  you  any  man,  that  is 
not  clean  by  reason  of  uncleanness  that  chanceth  him  by  night,  then 
shall  he  go  abroad  out  of  the  camp,  he   shall  not  come   within   the 

^^rd  Le"1i5  T  ^amp ;  '^  but  it  shall  be,  when  evening  tcometh  on,  he  shall  wash  him- 
self with  water,  and  when  the  sun  is  down,  he  shall  come  into  the 
camp  again.  ^'^  Thou  shalt  have  a  place  also  without  the  camp,  whither 
thou  shalt  go  forth  abroad  ;  ^^  and  thou  shalt  liave  a   paddle  upon  thy 

jHeb.  sutest  wcapon  ;  and  it  shall  be,  when  thou  twilt  ease  thyself  abroad,  thou  shalt 
dig  therewith,  and  shalt  turn  back  and  cover  that  which  cometh  from 

jLe.  26. 12.  thee.  ^^For  the  Lord  thy  God  'walketh  in  the  midst  of  thy  camp,  to 
deliver  thee,  and  to  give  up  thine  enemies  before  thee ;  therefore  shall 

*ofani  tMn"^^  ^^J  caiup  bc  holy,  that  he  see  no  *unclean  thing  in  thee,  and  turn  away 
from  thee. 

^mu^nu'  ^^  "  Thou  '^ shalt  not  dehver  unto  his  master  the  servant  which  is  es- 

caped from  his  master  unto  thee.  ^^  He  shall  dwell  with  thee,  even 
among  you,  in  that  place  which  he  shall  choose  in  one  of  thy  gates, 

tHeb.  is  good      where  it  tliketh  him  best :  *thou  shalt  not  oppress  him. 

»Ex.^!2i.  ^''"  There  shall  be  no  twhore  of  the  daughters  of  Israel,  nor  'a  sodo- 

X  Or,  sodomitess.    mite  of  the  sons  of  Israel.  ^^  Thou  shalt  not  bring  the  hire  of  a  whore, 
Pr.'2.  ie. '  ^^^    or  the  price  of  a  dog,  into  the  house  of  the  Lord  thy  God  for  any  vow  ; 

'S^'?!^'^'  ^^'"  ^^^  even  both  these  are  abomination  unto  the  Lord  thy  God. 

u  Ex.  22. 25.  Pa.        ^^  "  Thou  "shalt  uot  lend  upon  usury  to  thy  brother  ;  usury  of  money, 
35!  '   "'  '     '  usury  of  victuals,  usury  of  any  thing  that  is  lent  upon  usury.  -'^  Unto  "a 

"SeeLe.  19. 34.  stranger  thou  mayest  lend  upon  usury,  but  unto  thy  brother  thou  shalt 
not  lend  upon  usury  ;  that  the  Lord  thy  God  may  bless  thee  in  all  that 
thou  settest  thy  hand  to  in  the  land  whither  thou  goest  to  possess  it. 

wXu.30.2.  Ec.  21  4;  ^yi^ejj  "ti^QU  gl^a.lt  vow  a  vow  unto  the  Lord  thy  God,  thou 
shalt  not  .slack  to  pay  it;  for  the  Lord  thy  God  will  surely  require  it 
of  thee,  and  it  would  be  sin  in  thee.  —  But  if  thou  shalt  forbear  to  vow, 

^^'"j  30-^2.  Ps.  it  shall  be  no  sin  in  thee.  ^3  That  ""which  is  gone  out  of  thy  lips  thou  shalt 
keep  and  perform  ;  even  a  freewill  oftering,  according  as  t!iou  hast  vowed 
unto  the  Lord  thy  God,  which  thou  hast  promised  with  thy  mouth. 

2^ "  When  thou  comest  into  thy  neighbour's  vineyard,  then  thou  may- 
est eat  grapes  thy  fill  at  thine  own  pleasure  ;  but  thou  shalt  not  put 
any  in  thy  vessel.  ^^  When  thou  comest  into  the  standing  corn  of  thy 

yMat.  12. 1.  neighbour,  '-'then  thou  mayest  pluck  the  ears  with  thy  hand  ;  but  thou 
shalt  not  move  a  sickle  unto  thy  neighbour's  standing  corn. 

lyiau 5.  31. &  1  a  "When  ""a  man  hath  taken  a  wife,  and  married  her,  and  Dkit.  xxiv. 
it  come  to  pass  that  s!ie  find  no  favor  in  his  eyes,  because  he 

*  aWT^T^  "'^  ^^^^^  found  *some  uncleanness  in  her :   then  let  him  write  her  a  bill  of 
]"iiei>.muingoff.  tdivorcemcut,  and  give  it  in  her  hand,  and  send  her  out  of  his  house. 

2  And  when  she  is  departed  out  of  his  house,  she  may  go  and  be  another 
man's  wife.  ^  And  if  the  latter  husband  hate  her,  and  write  her  a  bill 
of  divorcement,  and  giveth  it  in  her  hand,  and  sendeth   her  out  of  his 


Part  VIIL]         REHEARSING  THE  JUDICIAL  AND  MISCELLANEOUS  LAWS.  301 

house  ;  or  if  the  latter  husband  die,  wliich  took  her  to  be  his  wife  ;  ^her 
aJo.3.1.  "former  husband,  which  sent  her  away,  may  not  take  her  again  to  be 

his  wife,  after  that   she   is  defiled  ;  for  that  is   abomination  before  the 

Lord  :  and  thou  shalt  not  cause  the  land  to  sin,  which  the  Lord   thy 

God  giveth  thee  for  an  inheritance. 

^ "  When  a  man  hath  taken  a  new  wife,  he  shall  not  go  out  to  war, 
^m^'JhairpLs  ^neither  shall  he  be  charged  with  any  business :  but  he  shall  be  free  at 
npun  him.  homc  ouc  year,  and  shall  'cJieer  up  his  wife  which  he  hath  taken. 

*"  "  No  man  shall  take  the  nether  or  the  upper  millstone   to   pledge  ; 

for  he  taketh  a  man's  life  to  pledge. 
c  Ex.  21. 16.  7  a  jf  -^g^  ^j-jg^,-,  j^g  fom^j  Stealing  any  of  his  brethren  of  the  children  of 

Israel,  and  maketh  merchandise  of  him,  or  selleth  him  ;  then  that  thief 

shall  die,  and  thou  shalt  put  evil  away  from  among  you. 
dLe.  13. 2.  8  a  fakc  liccd  in  ''the  plague  of  leprosy,  that  thou  observe  diligently, 

and  do  according  to  all  that  the  priests  the  Levites  shall  teach  you  :  as 
'^fco.Yo.e!'^"'  I  commanded  them,  so  ye  shall  observe  to  do.  ^Remember  'what  the 
/Nu.  12.  10.       Lord  thy  God  did  ^unto  Miriam  by  the  way,  after  that  ye  were  come 

forth  out  of  Egypt. 
*Heb.  lend  the  10  a  When  thou  dost  *lend   thy  brother  any  thing,  thou  shalt  not  go 

loan  of  any  thintr   .  ,  j  J  o?  o 

to,^c.  °  into  his  house  to  fetch  his  pledge.  ^^  Thou  shalt  stand  abroad,  and  the 

man  to  whom  thou  dost  lend  shall  bring  out  the  pledge   abroad  unto 
thee.  ^~  And  if  the  man  be  poor,  thou  shalt  not  sleep  with  his  pledge : 
g  Ex.  22.  26.        13  jj-j  ^g^j^y  (jggg  l-j^Q^^  gj-jglj  (jeliver  him  the  pledge  again   when   the  sun 
Vco^g'  13'  ^^'    S^®^^^  down,  that  he  may  sleep  in  his  own  raiment,  and  ''bless  thee  :  and 
2Ti.'i.'i8.        it  'shall  be  righteousness  unto  thee  before  the  Lord  thy  God. 
jsee  E^'.^.sh        ^^  "  Thou  shalt  not  ^oppress  a  hired  servant  that  is  poor  and  needy, 
whether  he  be  of  thy  brethren,  or  of  thy  strangers  that  are  in  thy  land 
^^'' Tob^Vi4^^*  ^^^'^^^  t^iy  gates  :  ^^  at  his  day  *^thou  shalt  give  him  his  hire,  neither  shall 
Ja'.  5. 4.'       '     the  sun  go  down  upon  it ;  for  he  is  poor,  and  tsetteth  his  heart  upon 
^soui'uMo'it'vZ    i^  ;  lest  he  cry  against  thee  unto  the  Lord,  and  it  be  sin  unto  thee. 
25. 1.  &  86. 4.  16  a  'pj^g  'fathers  shall  not  be  put  to  death  for  the  children,  neither 

2Ch!25'. 4. Je.    shall  the  children  be  put  to  death  for  the  fathers;  every  man  shall  be 
put  to  death  for  his  own  sin. 

'  Thou  '"shalt  not  pervert  the  judgment  of  the  stranger,  nor  of  the 

Je.  fatherless,  "nor  take  the  widow's  raiment  to  pledge  ;  ^^  but  thou  shalt 

remember  that  thou  wast  a  bondman  in  Egypt,  and  the  Lord  thy  God 

redeemed  thee  thence :  therefore  I  command  thee  to  do  this  thing. 

Lc.  19. 9,  10.  ^^  "  When  "thou  cuttest  down  thy  harvest  in  thy  field,  and  hast  forgot 

a  sheaf  in  the  field,  thou  shalt  not  go  again  to  fetch  it ;  it  shall  be  for 

the  stranger,  for  the  fatherless,  and  for  the  widow,  that  the  Lord  thy 

^9^l7!■  ^' ^''     God   may   ^bless  thee  in  all  the  work  of  thy  hands.  2°  When  thou 

X  Heb.  hough  it    beatest  thine  ohve  tree,  thou  shalt  not  Igo  over  the  boughs  again  ;  it 

a  lertiee.  ^j^^jj  j^^  ^^^  ^j^^  straugcr,  for  the  fatherless,  and  for  the  widow.  ^^  When 

*  Heb.  after  tjiee.  thou  gathercst  the  grapes  of  thy  vineyard,  thou  shalt  not  glean  it  *after- 

ward  ;  it  shall  be  for  the  stranger,  for  the  fatherless,  and  for  the  widow. 

^  And  thou  shalt  remember  that  thou  wast  a  bondman  in  the  land  of 

Egypt ;  therefore  I  command  thee  to  do  this  thing. 

9EZ.44. 24.  1  ii  If  there  be  'a  controversy  between  men,  and  they  come  Deut.  xxv. 

unto  judgment,  that  the  judges  may  judge  them  ;  then  they 
r See Pr.  17. 15.    ''gj^g]]  justify  the  righteous,  and  condemn  the  wicked.  -And  it  shall 
sLu.  12. 48.        be^  jf  thg  wicked  man  be  'worthy  to  be  beaten,  that  the  judge  shall 
locVii  ^24       cause  him  to  lie  down,  'and  to  be  beaten  before  his  face,  according  to 
« Job  18. 3.  'lis  fault,  by  a  certain  number.  ^  Forty  "stripes  he  may  give  him,  and 

w  I'r.  12. 10.        not  exceed  ;  lest,  if  he  should  exceed,  and  beat  him  above  these  with 
5.  is'/'"       '  many  stripes,  then  thy  brother  should  "seem  vile  unto  thee. 
^Ho''''io''n''''*'''        ^  "  Thou  "shalt  not  muzzle  the  ox  when  lie  ttreadeth  out  the  corn. 
X  Mat.  22. 24.  ^  "  If  ""brethren  dwell  together,  and  one  of  them  die,  and  have  no  child, 

VOL.   I.  Z 


31.  29,  30.  Ez 
18.  20. 

VI  See  Ex.  22.  17  ' 

21,  22.  Pr.  22. 


22.  Is.  1.  S 

5.  28.  &  22.  3, 
Ez.22.  29.  Ze 
7.  10. 
n  Ex.  22.  2C, 


302  MOSES'   SPEECH   CONTINUED,  [Period  III. 

^nSn.Gf.ss^s     ^^^  ^^'^^^'  *^^  ^''^  (lead  shall  not  many  without  unto  a  stranger;  her  thus- 
Ru.i.  12, 13.  &  band's  brother  shall  go  in  unto  lier,  and  take  her  to  him  to  wife,  and 
perform  the  duty  of  a  husband's  brother  unto  her.  ^  And  it  shall  be, 
y  Ge.  38.  9.         ^jj^t  the  firstborn  which  siie  beareth  "shall  succeed  in  the  name  of  his 
iKu.4. 10.         brother  which  is  dead,  that  "his  name  be  not  put  out  of  Israel.  '^  And 
*ma«we.""'     Jl"  the  man  like  not  to  take  his  *brother's  wife,  then  let  his  brother's 
aRu.4. 1,  2.       wife  go  up  to  the  "gate  unto  the  elders,  and  say.  My  husband's  brother 
refuseth  to  raise  up  unto  his  brother  a  name  in  Israel,  he  will  not  per- 
form the  duty  of  my  husband's  brother.  **  Then  the  elders  of  his  city 
6  Ru.  4. 6,7,11.   sijall  call  him,  and  speak  unto  him.  And  if  he  stand  to  it,  and  say,  ''I 
like  not  to  take  her ;  ^  then  shall  his  brother's  wife  come  unto  him  in 
tlie  presence  of  the  elders,  and  loose  his  shoe  from  off  his  foot,  and  spit 
in  his  face,  and  shall  answer  and  say.  So  shall  it  be  done  unto  that  man 
that  will  not  build  up  his  brother's  house.  ^^  And  his  name  shall  be 
called  in  Israel,  The  house  of  liim  that  hatli  his  shoe  loosed. 

^^  "  When  men  strive  together  one  with  another,  and  the  wife  of  the 

one  draweth  near  for  to  deliver  her  husband  out  of  the  hand  of  him 

that  smiteth  him,  and  putteth  forth  her  hand,  and  taketh  him  by  the 

secrets  ;  ^-then  thou  shalt  cut  off  her  hand,  thine  eye  shall  not  pity  her. 

"pf.n^.'LEz^.       ^^  "  Thou  'shalt  not  have  in  thy  bag  tdivers  weights,  a  great  and  a 

10.  Mic.  6. 11.     small.  ^^  Thou  shalt  not  have  in  thy  house  Idivers  measures,  a   great 

andastolT^      and  a  small.   ^^But  thou  shalt  have  a  perfect  and  just  weight,  a  perfect 

t  Heh.  an ephah    and  just  mcasuie  shalt  thou  have  ;  'that  thy  days  may  be  lengthened 

and  an  cphak.  ,  •*  ^  J  J  J  ci 

c  Ex.  20. 12.        1"  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee.  ^^  For  "all  that  do 
dPr.  11. 1.  such  things,  and  all  that  do  unrighteously,  are  an  abomination  unto 

the  Lord  thy  God. 
e  Ex.  17. 8.  17  u  Remember  'what  Amalek  did  unto  thee  by  the  way,  when  ye  were 

come  forth  out  of  Egypt ;  ^'^  how  he  met  thee  by  the  way,  and  smote 
the  hindmost  of  thee,  even  all  that  were  feeble  behind  thee,  when  thou 
^6^ RoV'is'' ^^'  ^^^^  ^^^"^  ^"*^  weary;  and  he  -^feared  not  God.  ^'■'Therefore  it  shall 
^isa!i5.3.       be,  'when  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  given  thee  rest  from  all  thine  ene- 
mies round  about,  in  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee  for 
/. Ex.  17.  J4.        an  inheritance  to  possess  it,  that  thou  slialt  'blot  out  the  remembrance 
of  Amalek  from  under  heaven  ;  thou  shalt  not  forget  it. 

^  "  And  it  shall  be,  when  thou  art  come  in  unto  the  land  Deut.  xxvi. 
which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee  for  an  inheritance,  and 
'EJi^^-is-fr-     possessest  it,  and  dwellest  therein  ;  ^  that  'thou  shalt  take  of  the  first 
jSeeGe.  12. 7.     of  all  tiic  fruit  of  the  earth,  which  thou  shalt  bring  of  thy  ^land  that 
the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee,  and  shalt  put  it  in  a  basket,  and  shalt 
go  unto  tlie  place  which  the  Lord  thy  God  shall  choose  to  place  his 
name  there.  ^  And  thou  shalt  go  unto  the  priest  that  shall  be  in  those 
days,  and  say   unto  him,  I  profess  this  day  unto  the  Lord  thy  God, 
tliat  I  am  come  unto  the  country  which  the  Lord  sware  unto   our   fa- 
thers for  to  give  us.  "*  And  the  priest  shall  take  the  basket  out  of  thy 
hand,  and  set  it  down  before  the  altar  of  the  Lord  thy  God.  ^And 
k  Ho.  12.  12.        thou  shalt  speak  and  say  before  the  Lord  thy  God,  '^A  Syrian  'ready 
7nGe.  46.  \",\,.      ^"  pcrish  was  my  lather,  and  '"he  went  down  into  Egypt,  and  sojourned 
nGe.  46.27.        there  with  a  "iaw,  and  became  there  a  nation,  great,  mighty,  and  pop- 
oEi.  1. 11,  u.     ulous.  **  And  "the  Egyptians  evil  entreated  us,  and  afflicted  us,  and 
p  Ex.2. 23-25.      jj^id  upon  US  iiard  bondage.  'And ''when  we  cried  unto  the  Lord  God 
of  our  fathers,  the  Lord  heard  our  voice,  and  looked  on  our  affliction, 
J  Ex.  12. 37, 51.    and  our  labor,  and  our  oppression;  ^  and  'the  Lord  brought  us  forth 
out  of  Egypt  with  a  mighty  hand,  and  with  an  out-stretched  arm,  and 
witli   great   terribleness,  and  with  signs,  and  with  wonders  ;  ^  and   he 
rSeeEx.  3.  8.     ^.^t]^  brought  US  iuto  tliis  placc,  and  hath  given  us  this  land,  even  ^a 
land  that  floweth  with  milk  and  honey.   ^^  And  now,  behold !   I  have 
brought  the  firstfruits   of  the  land,  which    thou,  O  Lord  !  hast  given 


Part  VIII.] 


CONFIRMATION  AND  SANCTIONS  OF  THE  LAW. 


303 


tPs.  119.  141, 

153,  176. 
u  he.  7.  20.  Ho. 

9.4. 


V  Is.  63.  15.  Ze. 
2.  13. 
w  See  Ex.  3.  8. 


SEC.  LXXXIV. 

A.  M.  2553. 

B.  C.  1451. 
Hales,  1603. 

Rithmah. 


me.  And  thou  shalt  set  it  before  the  Lord  thy  God,  and  worship 
before  the  Lord  thy  God.  ^"-  And  thou  shalt  rejoice  in  every  good  thing 
which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  given  unto  thee,  and  unto  thy  house, 
thou,  and  the  Levite,  and  the  stranger  that  is  among  you. 

12  u  Wiien  thou  hast  made  an  end  of  tithing  all  the  "tithes  of  thine 
increase  the  third  year,  which  is  the  year  of  tithing,  and  hast  given  it 
unto  the  Levite,  the  stranger,  the  fatherless,  and  the  widow,  that  they 
may  eat  within  thy  gates,  and  be  filled  ;  ^^  then  thou  shalt  say  before 
the  Lord  thy  God,  I  have  brought  away  the  hallowed  things  out  of 
my  house,  and  also  have  given  them  unto  the  Levite,  and  unto  the 
stranger,  to  the  fatherless,  and  to  the  widow,  according  to  all  thy  com- 
mandments which  thou  hast  commanded  me :  I  have  not  transgressed 
thy  commandments,  'neither  have  I  forgotten  them.  ^''  I  "have  not  eaten 
thereof  in  my  mourning,  neither  have  I  taken  away  aught  thereof  for 
any  unclean  use,  nor  given  aught  thereof  for  the  dead  ;  but  I  have 
hearkened  to  the  voice  of  the  Lord  my  God,  and  have  done  according 
to  all  that  thou  hast  commanded  me.  ^^Look  "down  from  thy  holy 
habitation,  from  heaven,  and  bless  thy  people  Israel,  and  ""the  land 
which  thou  hast  given  us,  as  thou  swarest  unto  our  fathers,  a  land  that 
floweth  with  milk  and  honey. 

^^ "  This  day  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  commanded  thee  to  do  these 
statutes  and  judgments  ;  thou  shalt  therefore  keep  and  do  them  with 
all  thy  heart,  and  with  all  thy  soul.  ^"  Thou  hast  "'avouched  the  Lord 
this  day  to  be  thy  God,  and  to  walk  in  his  ways,  and  to  keep  his  stat- 
utes, and  his  commandments,  and  his  judgments,  and  to  hearken  unto 
his  voice.  ^'^  And  ^the  Lord  hath  avouched  thee  this  day  to  be  his  pe- 
culiar people,  as  he  hath  promised  thee,  and  that  thou  shouldest  keep 
all  his  commandments ;  ^^and  to  malvc  thee  ""high  above  all  nations  which 
he  hath  made,  in  praise,  and  in  name,  and  in  honor ;  and  that  thou 
mayest  be  a  holy  people  unto  the  Lord  thy  God,  as  he  hath  spoken.'' 

Section  LXXXIV. — 3Ioses'  Speech  concluded — Conjirmation  and  Sanctions 

of  the  Laic}^''^ 

Deut.  xxvii.  andxxvVn. 

Tlie  people  are  commanded  to  torile  the  law  upon  stones,  5  and  to  build  an  altar  of  leliole  stones. 
11  The  tribes  divided  on  Gerizim  and  Ebal.  14  The  nirses  pronounced  on  Mount  Ehal. — 
Chap,  xxviii.  1  The  blessings  for  obedience.     15  The  curses  for  disobedience. 

^  And  Moses  with  the  elders  of  Israel  commanded  the  people, 
saying,  "  Keep  all  the  commandments  which  I  command  you  this  day. 
^And  it  shall  be  on  the  day  "when  ye  shall  pass  over  Jordan  unto  the 
land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee,  that  ''thou  shalt  set  thee  up 


Q°)  The  continued  fulfilment  of  prophecy  is  the 
perpetual  miracle  by  which  God  is  constantly  ap- 
pealing to  mankind.  Prophecy  may  be  defined, 
anticipated  history.  History  may  be  defined,  the 
fulfilment  of  prophecy.  In  no  instance  throughout 
Scripture  is  the  grandeur  of  the  scheme  of  prophecy 
more  discernible  than  in  the  prophecies  of  Moses  ; 
some  of  which  are  still  fulfilling,  or  remain  to  be 
fulfilled.  Moses  resumes  the  predictions  of  Jacob, 
and  of  Balaam  ;  and  describes  the  Messiah  in  still 
clearer  terms,  as  the  Prophet  who  should  arise,  like 
unto  him  ;  that  is,  a  Lawgiver,  who  should  abolish 
one  dispensation  of  Providence  to  introduce  abetter. 

He  predicts,  in  the  plainest  terms,  the  Assyrian 
and  Babylonish  captivities,  Deut.  xxviii.  r!2,  .33,  3(), 
37,  47,  48.  Lev.  xxvi.  23,  34,  39,  the  import  of 
which  passages  is  fully  explained  by  Jeremiah  v. 

tie  describes  the  desolation  of  the  country,  and 
the  captivity  of  the  Jews  under  the  Romans — 
Deut.  xxviii.  49,  to  the  end. — He  announces  the  ul- 
timate restoration  of  the  Jews,  Lev.  xxvi.  44.  Deut. 
XXX.  1-6 ;  and  concludes  with  proclaiming  the 
punishment  of  God  upon  their  enemies.      In  the 


sublime  ode  written  immediately  preceding  his 
death,  he  gives  a  bold  outline  of  the  whole  history 
of  the  Jews,  and  repeats  the  predictions  of  their  fu- 
ture destiny ;  concluding  with  an  anticipation  of 
the  day,  when  the  Gentiles  shall  unite  in  the 
praises  of  the  Jewish  converts  to  the  God  of  their 
fathers,  who  will  finally  bring  about  their  restora- 
tion. Succeeding  prophets  have  frequently  only 
amplified  the  prophecies  of  Moses.  Of  all  beings 
merely  human,  the  Jewish  legislator  was  the  first, 
the  greatest,  the  most  highly  gifted.  His  prophe- 
cies, therefore,  are  the  interpreters  of  the  plans  and 
conduct  of  Providence,  from  his  own  day  until  the 
end  of  the  Christian  dispensation,  and  the  com- 
mencement of  an  unknown  era.  They  shine  like 
a  meteor  through  the  dark  night  of  history,  illu- 
mining the  past,  the  present,  and  the  future,  and 
they  will  always  remain,  as  Moses  declared  they 
should  remain.  "  a  sign,  and  a  wonder  for  ever." — 
Vide  Jortin's  Remarks  on  Eccl.  History,  last  edit. 
Worlis,  vol.  i.  p.  203,  222 ;  Chandler's  Defence  of 
Christianity,  ch.  G.  sect.  ii.  ;  Bishop  Newton  Ojithe 
Prophecies,  vol.  i.  p.  94,  120  ;  Hales'  Analysis,  vol. 
ii.  p.  2.50,  254. 


304  MOSES'  SPEECH   CONCLUDED;  [Period  III. 

great  stones,  and  plaster  them  with  plaster;  ^and  thou  shalt  write 
upon  them  all  the  words  of  tiiis  law,  when  thou  art  passed  over,  that 
thou  mayest  go  in  unto  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth  thee,  a 
land  that  floweth  witli  milk  and  honey  ;  as  the  Lord  God  of  thy  fa- 
thers hath  promised  thee.  '^  Therefore  it  shall  be  when  ye  be  gone  over 
Jordan,  that  ye  shall  set  up  tiiese  stones,  which  I  command  you  this 
e Jos.  8.30.  day,  'in  Mount  Ebal,  and  thou  shalt  plaster  them  with  plaster.  ^And 
there  shalt  thou  build  an  altar  unto  the  Lord  thy  God,  an  altar  of  stones  ; 
''gE-^-^20.25.  Jos.  rfthou  shalt  not  lift  up  any  iron  tool  upon  them.  '^Thou  shalt  build  the 
altar  of  the  Lord  thy  God  of  whole  stones  ;  and  thou  shalt  offer  burnt 
oflerings  thereon  unto  the  Lord  thy  God  :  "and  thou  shalt  offer  peace 
offerings,  and  shalt  eat  there,  and  rejoice  before  the  Lord  thy  God. 
®  And  thou  shalt  write  upon  the  stones  all  the  words  of  this  law  very 
plainly." 

^  And  Moses  and  the  priests  the  Levites  spake  unto  all  Israel,  saying, 
"  Take  heed,  and  hearken,  O  Israel!  this  day  thou  art  become  the 
people  of  the  Lord  thy  God.  ^°  Thou  shalt  therefore  obey  the  voice 
of  the  Lord  thy  God,  and  do  his  commandments  and  his  statutes, 
which  I  command  thee  this  day." 

^^  And  Moses  charged  the  people  the  same  day,  saying,  ^-"  These  shall 
eJu.  9.7.  stand  'upon  Mount  Gerizim  to  bless  the  people  when  ye  are  come  over 

Jordan — Simeon,  and  Levi,  and  Judah,  and  Issachar,  and  Joseph,  and 
Benjamin.  ^^  And  ^these  shall  stand  upon  Mount  Ebal  *to  curse — 
Reuben,  Gad,  and  Asher,  and  Zebulun,  Dan,  and  Naphtali. 

^'^ "  And  'the  Levites  shall  speak,  and  say  unto  all  the  men  of  Israel 
with  a  loud  voice, — 

^^  "  Cursed  ''be  the  man  that  maketh  any  graven  or  molten  image, 
an  abomination  unto  the  Lord,  the  work  of  the  hands  of  the  crafts- 
man, and  putteth  it  in  a  secret  place.  'And  all  the  people  shall  answer 
and  say.  Amen. 

^•^  "  Cursed  ^be  he  that  setteth  hghtby  his  father  or  his  mother.  And 
all  the  people  shall  say.  Amen. 

^"  "  Cursed  *be  he  that  removeth  his  neighbour's  landmark.  And  all 
the  people  shall  say,  Amen. 

1^  "  Cursed  'be  he  that  maketh  the  blind  to  wander  out  of  the  way. 
And  all  the  people  shall  say.  Amen. 
,nSeeEx.*2.2i,       19  "  Curscd  '" bc  hc  that  perverteth  the  judgment  of  the   stranger, 

fatherless,  and  widow.     And  all  the  people  shall  say,  Amen. 
n  Le.  18. 8.  20  u  Cursed  "be  he  that  lieth  with  his  father's  wife  ;  because  he  un- 

covereth  his  father's  skirt.     And  all  the  people  shall  say,  Amen. 
0  Lo.  18. 23.  21  u  Cursed  "be  he  that  lieth  with  any  manner  of  beast.     And  all  the 

people  shall  say.  Amen. 
;)Le.  18.9.  22  "  Curscd  ^'bc  lic  that  lieth  with  his  sister,  the  daughter  of  his 

father,  or  the  daughter  of  his  mother.     And  all  the  people  shall  say, 
Amen. 
gLe.  18. 17.  ^3  a  ^yj-ggj  7|^(j  j^g  ^j^j^j  j^g^}^  ^.jj)^   his  mothcr-in-law.     And   all  the 

people  shall  say,  Amen. 
r  Ex.  20. 13.  Lo.        -'"Cursed  '"be  he  that  smiteth  his  neighbour  secretly.     And  all  the 

21.  17.  Nu.  35.  1         1      11  A 

31.  people  shall  say.  Amen. 

'Ez'^'ii^'  ^^ "  Cursed 'be  he  that  taketh   reward  to  slay  an   innocent  person. 

And  all  the  people  shall  say.  Amen. 
'n'3"Ga?^3*'i6       ^"^  "  Cursed  'be  he  tliat  confirmctii  not  all  the  words  of  this  law  to  do 

them.     And  all  the  people  shall  say.  Amen. 

"gE*- i5-^26._Le.       1  u  ^„^|  jt  gi^.^11  gQj^g  tQ  pj^gg^  "if  ti^ou  g^alt  hcarkcu  dili-  Deut.  xxviii. 

gently  unto  the  voice  of  the  Lord  thy  God,  to  observe  and 

to  do  all  his  commandments  which  I  command  thee  this  day,  that  the 

Lord   thy  God  will  set  thee  on  high  above  ail  nations  of  the  earth. 


/Job.  8. 

33. 

*Heb./ 

or  a  curs- 

ing. 
^Da.9. 

U. 

h  Ex.  20 
34.  17. 
&  26.  1 
9.  Hos. 

•4, 
Le. 

'13. 

23.  & 
19.4. 

.44. 
2. 

i  See  Nu.  5.  22. 
Je.  11.  5.  1  Co. 
14.  It). 

j  See  Ge 
Ex.20. 
19.  3. 

1.9. 
12. 

25. 
Le. 

k  See  Job  24.  2. 

I  he.  19 

14, 

z  Ps.  121.  8. 


2  Sa.  22.  38, 
41.  Ps.  89.  23. 
See  ver.  25. 
J  Le.  25.  21 


10. 


7.  14.  Is.  63.  19. 
Da.  9.  18,  19. 
e  Pr.  10.  22. 

*  Or,  for  good. 
t  Heb.  belly. 


Part  VIII.]  CONFIRMATION  AND  SANCTIONS  OF  THE  LAW.        305 

cZe.  1.  G.  2  ^,-,j  j^ii  ^i^gpe  blessings  shall  come  on  thee,  and  "overtake  thee,  if  thou 

shalt  hearken  unto  the  voice  of  the  Lord  thy  God  : — 

,0  Ps.  128. 1. 4.  sagiygggfj  '"chult  thou  be  in  the  city,  and  blessed  shalt  thou  be  ""in 
the  field. 

y  Ge.  22. 17.  Ps.       4  a  glcssed  shall  be  ''the  fruit  of  thy  body,  and  the  fruit  of  thy  ground, 
22!i^'i.'^'4:  a'    and  the  fi-uit  of  thy  cattle,  the  increase  of  thy  kine,  and  the  flocks  of 
thy  sheep. 

^o^,  dough,  or         5  u  Blessed  shall  be  thy  basket  and  thy  tstore. 

^  "  Blessed  ""shalt  thou  be  when  thou  comest  in,  and  blessed  shalt 

thou  be  when  thou  goest  out. 

,Le.  2a.  7,^8.  ^^       7  a  'pj^g  honT>  "shall  cause  thine  enemies  that  rise  up  against  thee  to  be 

smitten  before  thy  face :  they  shall  come  out  against  thee  one  way,  and 

flee  before  thee  seven  ways.  ^  The  Lord  shall  'command  the  blessing 

J  Sr,  Jar,^^■.  Pr.  upou  thcc  in  thy  Istorchouscs,  and  in  all  that  thou  settest  thy  hand 
unto  ;  and  he  shall  bless  thee  in  the  land  which  the  Lord  thy  God  giveth 
thee.  3  The  'Lord  shall  establish  thee  a  holy  people  unto  himself,  as 
he  hath  sworn  unto  thee,  if  thou  shalt  keep  the  commandments  of  the 
Lord  thy  God,  and  walk  in  his  ways.   '"^  And  all  the  people  of  the  earth 

'«^Nj>-6.27.|Ch.  shall  see  that  thou  art  ''called  by  the  name  of  the  Lord  ;  and  they  shall 

■  be  afraid  of  thee.  ^^  And  'the  Lord  shall  make  thee  plenteous  *in  goods, 

in  the  fruit  of  thy  tbody,  and  in  the  fruit  of  thy  cattle,  and  in  the  fruit 

of  thy  ground,  in  the  land  which  the  Lord  sware  unto  thy  fathers  to 

give  thee.  ^^  The  Lord  shall  open  unto  thee  his  good  treasure,  the 

/Le.  26. 4.  heaven  -^to  give  the  rain  unto  thy  land  in  his  season,  and  to  bless  all  the 

work  of  thy  hand  ;  and  thou  shalt  lend  unto  many  nations,  and  thou 

gu. 9. 14, 15.  shalt  not  borrow.  ^^  And  the  Lord  shall  make  thee  ^the  head,  and  not 
the  tail,  and  thou  shalt  be  above  only,  and  thou  shalt  not  be  beneath ; 
if  that  thou  hearken  unto  the  commandments  of  the  Lord  thy  God, 
which  I  command  thee  this  day,  to  observe  and  to  do  them.  ^^  And  thou 
shalt  not  go  aside  from  any  of  the  words  which  I  command  thee  this 
day,  to  the  right  hand,  or  to  the  left,  to  go  after  other  gods  to  serve  them. 

'^s^iV^Da^'g  n'       ^^  "  ^"t  '^  ^^^^^^  ^°"^®  to  P^^^'  ''^^  ^^^^  ^^^t  "*^t  hearken  unto  the  voice 
'of  the  Lord  thy  God,  to  observe  to  do  all  his  commandments  and  his 
statutes  which  I  command  thee  this  day  ;  that  all  these  curses  shall  come 
upon  thee,  and  overtake  thee  : — 

^^  "Cursed  shalt  thou  be  in  the  city,  and  cursed  shalt  thou  be  in  the  field. 
^■^ "  Cursed  shall  be  thy  basket  and  thy  store. 

IS  "  Cursed  shall  be  the  fruit  of  thy  body,  and  the  fruit  of  thy  land, 
the  increase  of  thy  kine,  and  the  flocks  of  thy  sheep. 

^^  "  Cursed  shalt  thou  be  when  thou  comest  in,  and  cursed  shalt  thou 
be  when  thou  goest  out. 
£  Mai.  2. 2.  20  cc  'pj^g  LoRD  shall  scud  upou  thcc  'cursing,  ■'vexation,  and  '^rebuke,  in 

•'i4M3."'^'^'^^"  all  that  thou  settest  thy  hand  unto  tfor  to  do,  until  thou  be  destroyed, 
k  Ps.  80. 16.  Is.  and  until  thou  perish  quickly  ;  because  of  the  wickedness  of  thy  doings, 
tiieh.'whkh  thou  whereby  thou  hast  forsaken  me.  ^^  The  Lord  shall  make  'the  pestilence 
wouidest  do.  cleave  unto  thee,  until  he  have  consumed  thee  from  oif  the  land,  whither 
'2^4!'io^'  ^^"  ^''  thou  goest  to  possess  it.  ~~  The  "'Lord  shall  smite  thee  with  a  consump- 
mLe. 26. 16.  tiou,  and  with  a  fever,  and  with  an  inflammation,  and  with  an  extreme 
*  Or,  drought.  burning,  and  with  the  *sword,  and  with  "blasting,  and  with  mildew  ;  and 
they  shall  pursue  thee  until  thou  perish.  ^^  And  °thy  heaven  that  is  over 
thy  head  shall  be  brass,  and  the  earth  that  is  under  thee  shall  be  iron. 
^2fi!i7737.^fs^36.  ^^The  Lord  shall  make  the  rain  of  thy  land  powder  and  dust;  from 
heaven  shall  it  come  down  upon  thee,  until  thou  be  destroyed.  ^^  The 
^LoRD  shall  cause  thee  to  be  smitten  before  thine  enemies  ;  thou  shalt 
^ Jliw;;^'"' " ''^     go  out  one  wav  against  them,  and  flee  seven  ways  before   them,  and 

moving*  O  J&  '  c\r     A  t    r    1 

r  1  Sa.  17. 44, 46.  'shalt  bc  trcmovcd  into  all  the  kingdoms  of  the  earth.  ~"  And  thycar- 
Ps.  79. 2.  Je.  7.  ^^^^  ^j^^jj  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^jj  ^^^j^  ^^  ^j^^  ^j^.^  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^j^^  bcasts  of  thc 

VOL.  I.  39  *z 


13. 


Amos  4.  9. 
Le.  26.  19. 


17. 

«?Je.  15.  4.  Ez 
23.46. 


14. 

12,  14.  &  25. 
1.2Ch.  33. 
&36.  6,20. 

cJe. 

16.  13. 

di  Ki.9.7,8.Je. 
24.  9.  &  23.  9. 
Zee.  8.  13. 

ePa. 

,  44.  14. 

306  MOSES'  SPEECH  CONCLUDED.  [Period  IIL 

earth,  and  no  man  shall  fray  them  away.  ~"  The  Lord  will  smite  thee 

» Ex.  9.9.  with  'the  botch  of  Egypt,  and  with  'the  emerods,  and  with  the  scab, 

'78^66.^"  ^'  ^^'     and  with  the  itch,  whereof  thou  canst  not  be  healed.  -^  The  Lord  shall 

uJe.  4. 9.  smite  thee  with  madness,  and  blindness,  and  "astonishment  of  heart ; 

»  See  Job  5. 14.    29  ^^^^j  ^j^^^y  shalt 'gropc  at  noonday,  as  the  blind  gropeth  in  darkness, 

and  thou  shalt  not  prosper  in  thy  ways  ;  and  thou  shalt  be  only  oppressed 

ttJobsi.io.  Je.    and  spoiled  evermore,  and  no  man  shall  save  thee.  ^^  Thou  "'shalt  be- 

X  Job  31. 8.  Jc.     troth  a  wife — and  another  man  shall  lie  with  her :  ""thou  shalt  build  a  house 

ii'  ■vnc^6"'i5'     — ^"^  ^^^^^  ^'^^^^  "°^  dwell  therein  :  "thou  shalt  plant  a  vineyard — and 

zeVi.13;    '     shalt  not  Igather  the  grapes  thereof.  ^^  Thine  ox  shall  be  slain  before 

i  mh^'rlf.ine      ^^^^^  ^Y^^ — ^"^  ^^^^^  ^'^^'^^  "^^  ^^^  thcrcof :  thine  ass  shall  be  violently 

or,  We  it  (« com-  taken  away  from  before  thy  face — and  *shall  not  be  restored  to  thee  : 

^onme  .as  e.  ^j^^  ghecp  shall  be  givcu  unto  thine  enemies — and  thou  shalt  have  none 

*  Heb.  siiaii  not     {q  rcscuc  them.  ^-  Thy  sons  and  thy  daughters  shall  be  given  unto  another 

z  Ps^Tig!  82.        people — and   thine  eyes  shall   look,  and  ^fail  with  longing   for  them  all 

a  Le.26. 16.  Je.    the  day  long  :  and  there  shall  be  no  might  in  thy  hand.  ^  The  "fruit  of 

thy  land,  and  all   thy  labors,  shall  a   nation  which  thou  knowest  not 

eat  up  ;  and  thou  shalt  be  only  oppressed  and  crushed  always,  ^'*  so  that 

thou  shalt  be  mad  for  the  sight  of  thine  eyes  which  thou   shalt  see. 

35  The  Lord  shall  smite  thee  in  the  knees,  and  in  the  legs,  with  a  sore 

botch  that  cannot  be  healed,  from  the  sole  of  thy  foot  unto  the  top  of 

j2Ki^i7.4,6^&  thy  head.  ^'^  The  'Lord  shall  bring  thee,  and  thy  king  which  thou  shalt 

set  over  thee,  unto  a  nation  which  neither  thou  nor  thy  fathers  have 

known  ;  and  'there  shalt  thou  serve  other  gods,  wood  and  stone.  ^"^  And 

thou  shalt  become  '^an  astonishment,  a  proverb,  'and  a  byword,  among 

all  nations  whither  the  Lord  shall  lead  thee.  ^^  Thou  -^shalt  carry  much 

seed  out  into  the  field,  and  shalt  gather  but  little  in,  for  ^the  locust  shall 

/Mio.6. 15.  Hag.  cousume  it.  3^  Thou  shalt  plant  vineyards,  and  dress  them,  but  shalt 

fi- Joel  1. 4.          neither  drink  of  the  wine,  nor  gather  the  grapes,  for  the  worms  shall  eat 

them.  '^'^  Thou  shalt  have  olive  trees  throughout  all  thy  coasts,  but  thou 

shalt  not  anoint  thyself  with  the  oil  ;  for  thine  olive  shall  cast  his  fruit. 

T^Heb^  f  Aey^sAaK    41  fhou  slialt  bcgct  SOUS  and  daughters,  but  tthou  shalt  not  enjoy  them  ; 

A'sLjob'27. 14.   for  Hhey  shall  go  into   captivity.  '^^  All  thy  trees  and  fruit  of  thy  land 

i^or  \Lss       ^^^^^  ^^^^  locust  tconsume.  '^^  The  stranger  that  is  within  thee  shall  get 

t,  possess.       ^^  above  thee  very  high ;  and  thou  shalt  come  down  very  low.  '^^  He  shall 

lend  to  thee,  and  thou  shalt  not  lend  to  him  :   he  shall  be  the  head,  and 

thou  shalt  be  the  tail. 

'^^  "  Moreover  all  these  curses  shall  come  upon  thee,  and  shall  pursue 
thee,  and  overtake  thee,  till  thou  be  destroyed  ;  because  thou  heark- 
enedst  not  unto  the  voice  of  the  Lord  thy  God,  to  keep  his  command- 
ments and  his  statutes  which  he  commanded  thee.  '"^  And  they  shall  be 
t  Is.  8. 18.  Ez.  upon  thee  'for  a  sign  and  for  a  wonder,  and  upon  thy  seed  for  ever. 
■*^  Because  thou  ^servedst  not  the  Lord  thy  God  with  joyfulness,  and 
with  gladness  of  heart,  for  the  abundance  of  all  things ;  ^^  therefore 
shalt  thou  serve  thine  enemies  which  the  Lord  shall  send  against  thee, 
in  hunger,  and  in  thirst,  and  in  nakedness,  and  in  want  of  all  things  ; 

ue  5  15  &  (1.  ^"^  ^^^  ''^^'^^^  P'^^  ^  y^'^^  °^  ""'^"  "P^"  ^^^y  "^^''^'  ""^''  '^^  ^^^^'®  destroyed 
2l.'23.  Lu.  i'j!  thee.  "^^The  'Lord  shall  bring  a  nation  against  thee  from  ftir,  from  the 
mJe.  48.40.  &  end  of  the  earth,  "as  swift  as  the  eagle  flieth  ;  a  nation  whose  tongue 
49.22.  La.  4. 19.  tijQu  ghalt  iiot  *understand  ;  ^^a  nation  tof  fierce  countenance,  "which 
Flo.  8^1.'  "■  shall  not  regard  the  person  of  the  old,  nor  show  favor  to  the  young. 
*H^b.  hrar.  51  ^^^^  h^  shalPeat  the  fruit  of  thy  cattle,  and  the  fruit  of  thy  land, 
^fltpTi'A-f  until  thou  be  destroyed  :  which  ?lso  shall  not  leave  thee  cither  corn, 
Ec- 8. 1-  Da.  ^jj^^^  ^j.  qIj  ^j.  ^j^g  increase  of  thy  kine,  or  flocks  of  thy  sheep,  until 
n2Ch.36. 17.  Is.  he  liavc  destroyed  thee.  '^^And  he  shalPbesiege  thee  in  all  thy  gates, 
oTs*!  7  &6a8  ""t^'  ^''y  '"o^  ^'^^  fenced  walls  come  down,  wherein  thou  trustedst, 
p2'Ki. 25. 1,2,4.  throughout  all  thy  land  ;  and  he   shall  besiege  thee  in  all  thy  gates 


14.8. 
j  Ne.  9.  35-37. 


fcJe.28.  14. 


Part  VIII.]  CONCLUDING  APPEAL  OF  MOSES  TO  THE  PEOPLE.  307 

throughout  all  thy  land,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  given   thee. 
?  Le.  26- 19-       ^^  And  'thou  shalt  eat  the  fruit  of  thine   own  tbody,  the  flesh  of  thy 
jer.  i9.9.  Lar2.'  SOUS  and  of  thy  daughters,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  given  thee, 
in  the  siege,  and  in  the  straitness,  wherewith  thine  enemies  shall  distress 
J  Heb.  belly.        thce.  ^^  So  that  the  man  that  is  tender  among  you,  and  very  delicate, 
his  eye  shall  be  evil  toward   his  brother,  and   toward  the  wife  of  his 
bosom,  and  toward  the  remnant  of  his  children  which  he  shall  leave  ; 
^^  so  that  he  will  not  give  to  any  of  them  of  the  flesh  of  his  children 
whom  he  shall  eat ;  because  he  hath  nothing  left  him  in  the  siege,  and 
in  the  straitness,  wherewith  thine  enemies  shall  distress  thee  in  all  thy 
gates.  ^^  The  tender  and  delicate  woman  among  you,  which  would  not 
adventure  to  set  the  sole  of  her  foot  upon  the  ground  for  delicateness 
and  tenderness,  her  eye  shall  be  evil  toward  the  husband  of  her  bosom, 
*Heb.  afterbirth,  and  toward  her  son,  and  toward  her  daughter,  ^''  and  toward  her  *young 
rGe.  49.  ]o.        Que  that  comcth  out  'from  between  her  feet,  and  toward  her  children 
which  she  shall  bear  ;  for  she  shall  eat  them  for  want  of  all  things  se- 
cretly in  the  siege  and  straitness,  wherewith  thine  enemy  shall  distress 
thee  in  thy  gates. 

^^  "  If  thou  wilt  not  observe  to  do  all  the  words  of  this  Law  that  are 
s  Ex.  6.3.  written  in  this  Book,  that  thou  mayest  fear  *this  glorious  and  fearful 

name,  The  Lord  thy  God  ;  ^^  then  the  Lord  will  make  thy  plagues 
«Da.  9. 12.  'wonderful,  and  the  plagues  of  thy  seed,  even  great  plagues,  and  of  long 

continuance,  and  sore  sicknesses,  and  of  long  continuance.  ^^  Moreover 
he  will   bring  upon  thee  all  the  diseases  of  Egypt,  which  thou  wast 
afraid  of;  and  they  shall  cleave  unto  thee.  ^^  Also  every  sickness,  and 
every  plague,  which  is  not  written  in  the  Book  of  this  Law,  them  will 
^^nd.''^'^'^'^'  the  Lord  tbring  upon  thee,  until  thou  be  destroyed.  ^^  And  ye  shall  be 
u  De.  10. 22.  Ne.  left  fcw  in  number,  whereas  ye  were  "as  the  stars  of  heaven  for  multi- 
tude ;  because  thou  wouldest  not  obey  the  voice  of  the  Lord  thy  God. 
»je.  32. 41.         63  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  as  the  Lord  "rejoiced  over  you  to  do 
"24"^'  ^'  ^^'  ^^'  ^'  y^^  good?  ^^^^  to  multiply  you  ;  so  the  Lord  "will  rejoice  over  you  to  de- 
stroy you,  and  to  bring  you  to  nought ;  and  ye  shall  be  plucked  from  off 
^  Le.  26^.  33^.  Ne.  the  land  whither  thou  goest  to  possess  it.  ^^  And  the  Lord  ""shall  scatter 
thee  among  all  people,  from  the  one  end  of  the  earth  even   unto  the 
other ;  and  there  thou  shalt  serve  other  gods,  which  neither  thou  nor 
yAm.  9. 4.  tj^y  fathers  have  known,  even  wood  and  stone.  ^^And  ^among  these 

nations  shalt  thou  find  no  ease,  neither  shall  the  sole  of  thy  foot  have 
z  Le.  26. 36.  rest ;  'but  the  Lord  shall  give  thee  there  a  trembling  heart,  and  failing 
a  Le.  26. 16.  of  cycs,  and  "sorrow  of  mind.  ^^  And  thy  life  shall  hang  in  doubt  before 
thee  ;  and  thou  shalt  fear  day  and  night,  and  shalt  have  none  assurance 
c  Je°  44^7.  Ho.  8.  ^f  thy  Hfc  :  ^^  in  'the  morning  thou  shalt  say.  Would  God  it  were  even  ! 
13.  &9. 3.  and  at  even  thou  shalt  say.  Would  God  it  were  morning!  for  the  fear 
Ve  soid^-TJ!  *°  of  thy  heart  wherewith  thou  shalt  fear,  and  for  the  sight  of  thine  eyes 
b  i.e.  ye  shall  bo  whicli  thou  shalt  SCO.  ^^  And  the  Lord  'shall  bring  thee  into  Egypt  again 
such  numbers  witli  ships,  by  tho  Way  whereof  I  spake  unto  thee,  '  Thou  shalt  see  it 
will  be7e'w.—  HO  morc  again  ; '  and  there  ye  shall  be  "sold  unto  your  enemies  for 
^'^'  bondmen  and  bondwomen,  and  ''no  man  shall  buy  you." 

SEC.LXXxv.  Section  LXXXV. Concluding  Appeal  of  3Ioscs  to  the  People. 

.     ~    "_„  Deut.  xxix.  and  xxx.  and  Num.  xxxvi.  13. 

A.  M.   2o53. 

B    C    1451  Moses  exhorteth  them  to  obedience,  by  the  ijiemory  of  the  works  they  had  seen.     10  All  are  presented 

Hales    1608  be/ore  the  Lord  to  enter  into  his  covenant.     18  The  great  wrath  on  him  that  flattereth  himself  in 

■^''^^'  ■  his  wickedness.     29  Secret  things  belong  unto  God.  ~—  Chap.  xxx.  ]  Great  ?nercies  promised  unto 

Rithmah.  the  repentant.     11  The  ccnnmandment  is  manifest.     15  Death  and  life  are  set  before  them. 

^  These  are  the  words  of  the  covenant,  which  the  Lord  commanded 
Moses  to  make  with  the  children  of  Israel  in  the  land  of  Moab,  besides 
«De.  5.2,3.        "the  covenant  which  he  made  with  them  in  Horeb. 
AEx.  19. 4.  ^  And  Moses  called  unto  all  Israel,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Ye  *have 


308  CONCLUDING  APPEAL  OF  MOSES  TO  THE  PEOPLE.     [Period  IIL 

seen  all  that  the  Lord  did  before  your  eyes  in  the  land  of  Egypt  unto 

cDe.4. 34.  Pharaoh,  and  unto  all  his  servants,  and  unto  all  his  land,  ^  (the  'great 

temptations  which  thine   eyes   have  seen,  the   signs   and   those  great 

<iSeeiB.  6. 9, 10.  miraclcs ;)  "^  yet  ''the  Lord  hath  not  given  you  a  heart  to  perceive,  and 

asl'ae^/ay^'  Eph!  eyes  to  see,  and  ears  to  hear,  unto  this  day.  ^  And  I  have  led  you  forty 

11,^12.^  '^^^^'  ~'  years  in  the  wilderness  :  your  clothes  are  not  waxen  old  upon  you,  and 

e  See  Ex.  16.  12.  thy  slioc  is  not  waxcu  old  upon  thy  foot.  ^  Ye  'have  not  eaten  bread, 

Pa.  78. 24, 2o.      j^gj^i^gj.  j^a,ve  yc  drunk  wine  or  strong  drink  ;  that  ye  might  know  that 

/Nu-  21.  23,  24.  I  am  the  Lord  your  God.  ''  And  when  ye  came  unto  this  place,  -^Sihon 

the  king  of  Heshbon,  and  Og  the  king  of  Bashan,  came  out  against 

g  Nu.  32. 33.        us  unto  battle,  and  we  smote  them  ;  ^  and  we  took  their  land,  and  "gave 

it  for  an  inheritance  unto  the  Reubenites,  and  to  the  Gadites,  and  to 

A  jo9. 1. 7.  1  Ki.  the  half  tribe  of  Manassch.  '■'  Keep  ''therefore  the  words  of  this  covenant, 

^"  ^'  and  do  them,  that  ye  may  prosper  in  all  that  ye  do. 

'^^ "  Ye  stand  this  day  all  of  you  before  the  Lord  your  God,  (your 

captains  of  your  tribes,  your  elders,  and  your  officers,  with  all  the  men 

of  Israel,  ^^  your  little  ones,  your  wives,  and  thy  stranger  that  is  in  thy 

,  see^  Jog.  9.  21,  camp,  from  'the  hewer  of  thy  wood  unto  the  drawer  of  thy  water;)  ^^that 

*  Heb.'pass.  thou  shouldcst  *enter  into  covenant  with  the  Lord  thy  God,  and  ^into 
jNe.  10.29.         his  oath,  which  the  Lord  thy  God  maketh  with  thee  this  day  ;  ^^that 

he  may  establish  thee  to-day  for  a  people  unto  himself,  and  that  he 
A:Ex.  6. 7.  niay  be  unto  thee  a  God,  *as  he  hath  said  unto  thee,  and  'as  he  hath 

zGe.  17.7.  sworn  unto  thy  fathers,  to  Abraham,  to  Isaac,  and  to  Jacob.  ^^  Neither 

TO  Je.  31. 31-33.  with  you  ouly  '"do  I  make  this  covenant  and  this  oath  ;  ^^  but  with  him 
iHeeAcu'^ 39.  that  staudcth  here  with  us  this  day  before  the  Lord  our  God,  "and also 
I  Cor.  7. 14.       ^itj^  him  that  is  not  here  with  us  this  day,  ^^  (for  ye  know  how  we  have 

dwelt  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  how  we   came   through   the   nations 

which  ye  passed  by,  ^^  and  ye  have  seen  their  abominations,  and  their 
t  Heb.  dungy  tidols,  wood  and  stone,  silver  and  gold,  which  were  among  them  ;) 
^'"^'  ^s  }ggj  there  should  be  among  you  man,  or  woman,  or  family,  or  tribe, 

whose  heart  turneth  away  this  day  from  the  Lord  our  God,  to  go  and 

0  Acts  8. 23.  He.  scrve  the  gods  of  these  nations  ;  "lest  there  should  be  among  you  a  root 
X%!^'a poisonfui  that  bcarcth  tgall  and  wormwood  ;  ^^ and   it  come  to  pass,  when   he 

herb.  Heb.  mA.  hcarcth  the  words  of  this  curse,  that  he  bless  himself  in  his  heart,  say- 

p  See  Ge.  6.  5.    ing,   I  shall  havc  peace,  though  I  walk  ^in  the  ^imagination  of  my 

n"'9.^'  ^^'  ^"'  heart,  Ho  add  tdrunkenness  to  thirst :  ^o  the  'Lord  will  not  spare  him, 

*  <^''  *"'"**°™-     but  then  'the  anger  of  the  Lord  and  'his  jealousy  shall  smoke  against 

ness.    Je.  o.  il.  o  •  -        i  ■      i         i       i      ii  i- 

*^7.24.  that  man,  and  all  the  curses  that  are  written  in  this  book  shall  he  upon 

^XUeb!'thl'drunkm  h"«:  and  tho  Lord  "shall  blot  out  his  name  from  under  heaven.  ~^  And 
to  the  thirsty.       the  LoRD  "shall  Separate  him  unto  evil  out  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  accord- 

1  ^I'.it  1.'  ^'  ing  to  all  the  curses  of  the  covenant  that  lare  written  in  this  Book  of  the 
t  Ps.  79.  5.  Ez.  Law.  22  So  that  the  generation  to  come  of  your  children  that  shall  rise  up 
u^efg'.  14.  after  you,  and  the  stranger  that  shall  come  from  a  far  land,  shall  say, 
D  Mat.  24. 51.  when  they  see  the  plagues  of  that  land,  and  the  sicknesses  *which  the 
xn^.  is  .written    ^        j^.^^,j  }.^|j  ^        j^    23  j^n^j  tliat  the  wliolc  land  tiiereof  is  brimstone, 

*  Heb.  wherewith    ,„         ,         ,  ,,.,••  i  ,  i 

uw  LORD  hath  ""and  salt,  and  burning,  thai  it  is  not  sown,  nor  bearelli,  nor  any  grass 
j„«4e am^^  Je.  growcth  therein,  "like  the  overthrow  of  Sodom,  and  Gomorrah,  Admah, 
17. 6.  i!;ep.  2. 9.  and'Zcboim,  which  the  Lord  overthrew  in  his  anger,  and  in  his  wrath  ; 
x^eo  Ge.  19.  21,  ^4  ^^^^^  ^jj  natioHS  shall  say,  =' Wherefore  hath  the  Lord  done  thus  unto 
^sk's.'g.'^'^'  ■'"■  this  land  ?  what  ineaneth  the  heat  of  this  great  anger  ?  -^  Then  men  shall 
say,  Because  they  have  forsaken  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  God  of 
xot,7choha,i  vot  their  fathers,  which  he  made  with  them  when  he  brought  them  forth 
given^to  them  any  ^^^  ^f  ^jjg  j^j-,j  ^f  Egypt;  ""^  for  tlicy  wcut  and  served  other  gods,  and 
{[Ub.  dioided.  worshipped  them,  gods  whom  they  knew  not,  and  twhom  he  had  not 
z^Du.  9.  11,  13,  igiven  unto  them.  '^"^  And  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against 
a  1  Ki.  14. 15.  this  land,  'to  bring  upon  it  all  the  curses  that  are  written  in  this  book  ; 
l%5.'''pf.2.l^'.  ~^and  the  Lord  "rooted  them  out  oftheiriand  in  anger,  and  in  wrath, 


Part  VIII.]  CONCLUDING  APPEAL  OF  MOSES  TO  THE  PEOPLE.        309 

and  in  great  indignation,  and  cast  them  into  another  land,  as  it  is  this 
day. — ^^  The  secret  things  belong  unto  the  Lord  our  God  ;  but  those 
things  which  are  revealed  belong  unto  us  and  to  our  children  forever, 
that  we  may  do  all  the  words  of  this  Law. 

6Le.26.4o.  1  a  j^j^^  ijj  g]jall  comc  to  pass,  whcu  'all  these   things  are  Deut.  xxx. 

c  De.  xxvm.        gomc  upou  thee,  the  Blessing  and  the  Curse,  which  I  have  set 

d  1  Ki.  8. 47, 48.    before  thee,  and  ''thou  shalt  call  them  to  mind  among  all  the  nations, 

« Ne.  h  9^  i3.^55.  whither  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  driven  thee,  ^  and  shalt  'return  unto 

Joel  2.' 12',  13.'     the  Lord  thy  God,  and  shalt  obey  his   voice  according  to  all  that  I 

command  thee  this  day,  thou  and  thy  children,  with  all  thy  heart,  and 

^m  rt'  Je'a^  wit^^  ^^1  thy  soul ;  ^  that  -^then  the  Lord  thy  God  will  turn  thy  captivity, 
14.  La.  3. 22, 32!  and  have  compassion  upon  thee,  and  will  return  and  ^gather  thee  from 

^^!'37^J'Ei.  34:  all  the  nations,  whither  the  Lord  thy  God   hath   scattered   thee.  '^  If 

N^'i^g"^'       '^^'^y  ^^  t'""^  ^^  driven  out  unto  the  utmost  parts   of  heaven,  from 

thence  will  the  Lord  thy  God  gather   thee,  and  from   thence   will  he 

fetch  thee  ;  ^  and  the  Lord  thy  God  will  bring  thee  into  the  land  which 

thy  fathers  possessed,  and  thou  shalt   possess  it,  and  he  will   do  thee 

^ii'if'&se  26'  goo^'  ^"^  multiply  thee  above  thy  fathers,  ^AndHhe  Lord  thy  God 
'  '  will  circumcise  thy  heart,  and  the  heart  of  thy  seed,  to  love  the  Lord 
thy  God  with  all  thy  heart,  and  with  all  thy  soul,  that  thou  mayest 
Uve.  '  And  the  Lord  thy  God  will  put  all  these  curses  upon  thine 
enemies,  and  on  them  that  hate  thee,  which  persecuted  thee.  ^And 
thou  shalt  return  and  obey  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  and  do  all  his  com- 
mandments which  I  command  thee  this  day.  ^  And  the  Lord  thy  God 
will  make  thee  plenteous  in  every  work  of  thy  hand,  in  the  fruit  of  thy 
body,  and  in  the  fruit  of  thy  cattle,  and  in  the   fruit  of  thy  land,  for 

jje.  32. 4L  good.  For  the  Lord  will  again -'rejoice  over  thee  for  good,  as  he  re- 
joiced over  thy  fathers  ;  ^^  if  thou  shalt  hearken  unto  the  voice  of  the 
Lord  thy  God,  to  keep  his  commandments  and  his  statutes  which  are 
written  in  this  Book  of  the  Law,  and  if  thou  turn  unto  the  Lord  thy 
God  with  all  thy  heart  and  with  all  thy  soul. 

k  u.  45. 19.  11  ((  Yor  this  commandment  which  I  command  thee  this  day,  *it  is  not 

iRo.io.6,&c.  hidden  from  thee,  neither  is  it  far  off.  ^^  It  'is  not  in  heaven,  that  thou 
shouldest  say.  Who  shall  go  up  for  us  to  heaven,  and  bring  it  unto  us, 
that  we  may  hear  it,  and  do  it  ?  ^^  Neither  is  it  beyond  the  sea,  that 
thou  shouldest  say.  Who  shall  go  over  the  sea  for  us,  and  bring  it 
unto  us,  that  we  may  hear  it,  and  do  it  ?  ^'*  But  the  word  is  very  nigh 
unto  thee,  in  thy  mouth,  and  in  thy  heart,  that  thou  mayest  do  it. 

1^  "  See  !  I  have  set  before  thee  this  day  life  and  good,  and  death  and 
evil ;  1^  in  that  I  command  thee  this  day  to  love  the  Lord  thy  God,  to 
walk  in  his  ways,  and  to  keep  his  commandments  and  his  statutes  and 
his  judgments,  that  thou  mayest  live  and  multiply  ;  and  the  Lord  thy 
God  shall  bless  thee  in  the  land  whither  thou  goest  to  possess  it.  "  But 
if  thy  heart  turn  away,  so  that  thou  wilt  not  hear,  but  shalt  be  drawn 
away,  and  worship  other  gods,  and  serve  them  ;  ^^  I  denounce  unto  you 
this  day,  that  ye  shall  surely  perish,  and  that  ye  shall  not  prolong  your 
days  upon  the  land,  whither  thou  passest  over  Jordan  to  go  to  possess 
it.  ^^  1  call  heaven  and  earth  to  record  this  day  against  you,  that  I  have 
set  before  you  life  and  death,  blessing  and  cursing :  therefore  choose 
life,  that  both  thou  and  thy  seed  may  live  ;  ^^  that  thou  mayest  love  the 
Lord  thy  God,  and  that  thou  mayest  obey  his  voice,  and  that  thou 
m  Ps.  27. 1.  &66.  maycst  cleave  unto  him,  (for  he  is  thy  "'life,  and  the  length  of  thy  days  ;) 
^stl'Ge.^vi.i.  that  thou  mayest  dwell  in  "the  land  which  the  Lord  sware  unto  thy 
fathers,  to  Abraham,  to  Isaac,  and  to  Jacob,  to  give  them." 

^^  These  are   the   commandments  and  the  judgments.  Num.  xxxvi.  13. 
which  the  Lord  commanded  by  the  hand  of  Moses  unto  the 
children  of  Israel  in  the  plains  of  Moab  by  Jordan  near  Jericho. 


310  MOSES'  DEATH  ANNOUNCED.  [Period  III. 


«=EC  Lxxxvi    Sect.  LXXXVI. Closes'  Death  announced ;— Joshua  appointed  his  Suc- 

"     ■ 1 '     ■  cessor; — Moses'  last  Charge  to  the  People,  and  to  Joshua.^^^^ 

%.  c.'  U5l.'  Num.  xxvii.  12,  to  the  end,  and  Deut.  xxxi.  1-8. 

Hales,  1608.         jo  j^^^  ^^^  j^^^^^  gj^j^j  ^^to  Moscs,  "  Get  thce  up  iiito  this  Mount 

Rithmah.       ^i^j^riin.  and  see  the  land  which  I   have   given   unto   the   children   of 

Israel.   "^  And  when  thou  hast  seen  it,  thou  also  shalt  be  gathered  unto 

a  Nu.  20.  12,24.  thy  people,  as  Aaron  thy  brother  was  gathered,  i"*  For ''ye   rebelled 

Ps.  106.32.        ao-ainst  my  commandment  in  the  desert  of  Zin,  in   the   strife  of  the 
con^rregation,  to  sanctify  me  at  the  water  before  their  eyes :  that  is  the 
J  Ex.  17.7.         Svater  of  Meribah  in  Kadesh  in  the  wilderness  of  Zin." 
cSeeGe.2.7.xu.       1^  .^^(j  Moscs   spalvC  uuto  the  LoRD,  sayiug,  ^^  "  Let  the  Lord,  ""the 

'^■^"  God  of   the  spirits    of  all  flesh,   set  a  man  over    the    congregation, 

Vs^fi  ^2  ch  1.    ^ '  which  ''may  go  out  before  them,  and  which  may  go  in  before  them,  and 

10-  '        which  may  lead  them  out,  and   which  may  bring   them   in  ;  that   the 

eiKi.22.i7.Ze.  congregation  of  the  Lord  be  not  'as  sheep  which  have  no  shepherd." 

10.2.  Mat.  9.  18  .^nd  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "Take  thee  Joshua   the   son  of 

/Ge.  41. 38.  Ju.    ]>^un,  a  man  ^in  whom  is  the  Spirit,  and  ^lay  thy  hand  upon  him  ;  ^^  and 

i3,'i8.^'"''^^'  set  him  before  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  before  all  the  congregation,  and 
A?e'e  Nu  u  17  gi^'^  him  a  charge  in  their  sight,  ^o  And  ^hou  shalt  put  some  of  thine 

28?^!  sa".io.'6, '  houor  upou  him,  that  all  the  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  'may 
i  ji'h'fe,  n.  be  obedient.  -^  And  ^he  shall  stand  before  Eleazar  the  priest,  who  shall 
jSeeJoi.  9. 14.    ask  couusel  for  him  'after  the  judgment  of  Urim  before  the   Lord  :  'at 

2j.'  9.'  ^'  ^  ^^'  his  word  shall  they  go  out,  and  at  his  word  they  shall  come  in,  both 
*  Ex.  28. 30.        }^g    and  all   the  children  of  Israel   with   him,   even  all  the   congre- 

JJos.  9.  14.  ISa.  '.         ,, 

22. 10, 13, 15.     gation. 

•^■-  And  Moses  did  as  the  Lord  commanded  him.  And  he  took 
Joshua,  and  set  him  before  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  before  all  the  con- 
gregation ;  '^^  and  he  laid  his  hands  upon  him,  and  gave  him  a  charge, 
as  the  Lord  commanded  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

^  And  Moses  went  and  spake  these  words  unto  all  Israel.  Deut.  xxxi. 

mEx.7.7.         2  And  he  said  unto  them,  "I  "'am  an  hundred  and  twenty        ^■^■ 

nNu.  27. 17.       ycars  old  this  day,  I  can  no  more  "go  out  and  come  in  ;  also  the  Lord 

^^'20^12        hath  said  unto  me,  'Thou  "shalt  not  go  overtliis  Jordan.'  =^The  Lord 

thy  God,  he  will  go  over  before  thee,  and  he  will  destroy  these  nations 

from  before  thee,  and  thou  shalt  possess  them  ;  and  Joshua,  he  shall 

pNu.  27.21.       go  over  before  thee,  ^'as  the  Lord   hath  said,  '^  And  the  Lord  shall  do 

9  Nu.  21. 24, 33.    unto  them  'as  he  did  to  Sihon  and  to  Og,  kings  of  the  Amorites,  and 

unto  the  land  of  them,  whom  he  destroyed.  ^  And  the  Lord  shall  give 

them  up  before  your  face,  that  ye  may  do  unto  them  according  unto  all 

r Jos.  10.25.  ich.  the  commandments  which  I  have  commanded  you.  ^  Be  "^strong  and  of 

.^eJce.  15. 1.    a  good  cour age, 'fear  not,  nor  be  afraid  of  them;  for  the  Lord  thy 

tJo9. 1.5.  He.     God   he  it  is  that  doth  go  with  thee,  'he  will  not  fail  thee,  nor  forsake 

thee!" 

'  And  Moses  called  unto  Joshua,  and  said  unto  him  in  the   sight  of 

uJo3. 1.6.  all  Israel,  " Be  "strong  and  of  a  good  courage;  for  thou  must  go  with 

this  people  unto  the  land  which  the  Lord  hath  sworn  unto  their  fathers 

to  give  them,  and  thou  shalt  cause  them  to  inherit  it.  ^  And  the  Lord, 

r  Ex.  13.21,22.    "he   it  is   that  doth  go  before  thee,  "he  will  be   with   thee,  he  will 

Vci."  28^'^:      not  fail  thee,   neither  forsake  thee  ;  fear    not,  neither   be  dismayed." 


(31)  The  arrancrement  of  this  part  of  the  narrative  deposited  in  the  ark,  the  otlier  to  be  copied  by  the 

is  very  difficult.  "  We  read  of  two  charires  to  Joshua,  people,  is  uncertain.     It  is  supposed  that  some  few 

and  two  char<Tes  to  the  people.     We  read  likewise  passages  at  the  end  of  Deuteronomy   have   been 

of  the  delivery  of  a  copy  of  the  Law  to  the  priests,  added  by  a  later  writer  ;  either  Samuel,  or  Ezra,  or 

and  of  another   to   the    Lcvites.     WMietlier   these  one  of  the  prophets.     This  would  account  for  the 

charges  were  given  at  the   same  time;  or  whether  apparent  repetition, 
two  copies  of  the  Law  were   delivered,  one  to  be 


A.    M.  2553. 
B.C.  U5l. 


34.  5. 


MOSES  COMPLETES  THE  WRITING  OF  THE  LAW.  311 

Sect.  LXXXVII. 3Ioscs  completes  the  writing  of  the  Lmv,  and  delivers  it 

to  the  Priests  and  Levites  ; — His  second  Charge  to  Joshua ; — His  Song. 
Deut.  xxxi.  9,  to  the  end,  and  xxxii.  1-47. 

"r  T'  ^r^  ^  ^^^  Moses  wrote  this  Law,  and  delivered  it  unto  the  priests  the 

sons  of  Levi,  which  bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  and  unto 

all  the  elders  of  Israel.  ^°  And  Moses  commanded  them,  saying,  "  At 

De.  15. 1.         the  end  of  every  seven  years,  in  the  solemnity  of  the  "year  of  release, 

Le.23. 34.        ij,^  t^g  fcast  of  tabcmacles,  ^^  when  all  Israel  is  come  to  appear  before 

the  Lord  thy  God  in  the  place  which  he  shall  choose,  'thou  shalt  read 

this  Law  before  all  Israel  in  their  hearing.  ^^  Gather  "^the  people  together, 

men,  and  women,  and  children,  and  thy  stranger   that  is  within  thy 

gates,  that  they  'may  hear,  and  that  they  may  learn,  and  fear  the  Lord 

your  God,  and  observe  to  do  all  the  words  of  this  Law  ;  ^^  and  that  their 

children,  which  have  not  known  any  thing,  may  hear,  and  learn  to  fear 

the  Lord  your  God,  as  long  as  ye  live  in  the  land  whither  ye  go  over 

Jordan  to  possess  it." 

^^/•rf'-^^-  ^^-        ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Behold,  -^thy  days  approach  that 

thou  must  die.     Call  Joshua,  and  present  yourselves  in  the  tabernacle 

of  the  congregation,  that  "I  may  give  him  a  charge."    And  Moses  and 

Joshua  went,  and  presented  themselves  in  the  tabernacle  of  the  congre- 

AEx.  33. 9.         gation.  ^^  And  ''the  Lord  appeared  in  the  tabernacle   in  a  pillar  of  a 

cloud  ;  and  the  pillar  of  the  cloud  stood  over  the  door  of  the  tabernacle. 
*2Sa'i'\i'"^'''        ^"^  ^^^  ^'^^  Lord  said  unto  Moses,  "  Behold  !  thoii  shalt  *sleep  with 
i  Ex.  32. 6.  thy  fathers  ;  and  this  people  will  'rise  up,  and  ^go  a  whoring  after  the 

7  Ex.  34. 15.  Ju.  gQ(js  of  the  strangers  of  the  land,  whither  they  go  to  be  among  them, 
fcju.  2. 12.  &10.  and  will  ^forsake  me,  and  'break  my  covenant  which  I  have  made  with 
^'  ^^-  them.  ^'^  Then  my  anger  shall  be  kindled  against  them  in  that  day,  and 

msch.  15. 2.  '"I  will  forsake  them,  and  I  will  "hide  my  face  from  them,  and  they 
n  See  Job  13. 24.  shall  be  dcvourcd,  and  many  evils  and  troubles  shall  tbefall  them;  so 
that  they  will  say  in  that  day,  "Are  not  these  evils  come  upon  us,  be- 
cause our  God  is  ^not  among  us  ?  ^^  And  I  will  surely  hide  my  face  in 
that  day  for  all  the  evils  which  they  shall  have  wrought,  in  that  they 
are  turned  unto  other  gods.  ^^  Now  therefore  write  ye  this  song  for 
you,  and  teach  it  the  children  of  Israel ;  put  it  in  their  mouths,  that 
this  song  may  be  a  witness  for  me  against  the  children  of  Israel.  ^°  For 
when  I  shall  have  brought  them  into  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  your 
fathers,  that  floweth  with  milk  and  honey,  and  they  shall  have  eaten 
and  filled  themselves,  'and  waxen  fat ;  then  will  they  turn  unto  other 
gods,  and  serve  them,  and  provoke  me,  and  break  my  covenant.  ^^  And 
it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  many  evils  and  troubles  are  befallen  them, 
t  Heb.  before.  that  this  soiig  shall  tcstify  tagainst  them  as  a  witness,  (for  it  shall  not 
riio.  5. 3.  &  13.  YfQ  forgotten  out  of  the  mouths  of  their  seed  ;)  for  '^I  know  their  imagi- 
*  Heb.  do.  Am.  5.  uatiou,  which  *they  go  about,  even  now,  before  'I  have  brought  them 
^'^^'  into  the  land  which  1  sware." 

« See  Ge.  31. 3.  23  ^,^(j  j^g  gg^vc  Joshua  the  SOU  of  Nuu  a  charge,  and  said,  "  Be 
strong  and  of  a  good  courage  :  for  thou  shalt  bring  the  children  of 
Israel  into  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  them :  and  I  will  be  with  thee." 
-^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Moses  had  made  an  end  of  writing 
the  words  of  this  Law  in  a  book,  until  they  were  finished,  "^  that  Moses 
commanded  the  Levites,  which  bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the 
t  See  2  Ki.  22. 8.  Lqrd,  saying,  ^^  "  Take  this  Book  of  the  Law,  'and  put  it  in  the  side 
of  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  your  God,  that  it  may  be  there 
for  a  witness  against  thee.  ~^For  I  know  thy  rebellion,  and  thy  stiff 
neck  ;  behold,  while  I  am  yet  alive  with  you  this  day,  ye  have  been 
rebellious  against  the  Lord — and  how  much  more  after  my  death ! 
^^  Gather  unto  me  all  the  elders  of  your  tribes,  and   your   officers, 


312 


THE  SONG  OF  MOSES. 


[Period  III. 


uJu.  2.  19.  Ho. 

9.  9. 
r  See  Ge.  49.  I. 


IB  De.  4.  26.  Ps. 

50.  4.  la.  1.  2. 

Je.  2.  12. 
X  Is.  55.  10,  11. 

1  Co.  3.  6-S. 


y  Ps.  72.  6.  Mic. 
5.7. 


z  1  Ch.  29.  11. 

a  2  Sa.  22.3.  Ps. 

18.  2,  31,  46. 

Hab.  1.  12. 
i2Sa.  22.  31. 
c  Da.  4.  37.  Re. 

15.  3. 
dJe.  10.  10. 
e  Ge.  18.  25.  Job 

34.  10.  Ps.  92. 

15. 
t  Heb.  He  liaOi 

corrupted  to  him- 
self. De.  31.29. 
XOr, Thatthey  are 

not  his  children, 

tliat  is  their  blot. 
/Mat.  17.  17. 

Phil.  2  15. 
g  Ps.  116.  12. 
h  See  Ge.  1.  26. 
i  Ps.  74.  2. 
j  Is.  27.  11. 
*  Heb.  generation. 

and  generation. 
k  E.X.  13.  14.  Ps. 

44.  1. 
J  Zee.  9. 2.  Ac.  17. 

26. 

mGe.  11.  8. 
n  See  Ge.  17.  8. 

Ex.  15.  16.  1  Sa. 

10.  1.  Ps.  78.  71. 
\  Heb.  cord, 
o  Je.  2.  6.  Ho. 

13.  5. 
J  Or,  compassed 

him  aiovt. 
p  De.  4.  36. 
q  Ps.  17.  8.  Pr. 


7.2. 
r  Ex.  19.  4. 
31.5. 


Is. 


t  See  Job  29. 
Ps.  81.  16. 


u  Ps.  147. 14. 
eGe.  49.  11. 
w  U.  44.  2. 
z  1  Sa.  2.  29. 


Deut.  xxxii. 
J  47. 


that  I  may  speak  these  words  in  their  ears,  and  call  heaven  and  earth 
to  record  against  them.  ^^  For  I  know  that  after  my  death  ye  will 
utterly  "corrupt  yourselves,  and  turn  aside  from  the  way  Avhich  I  have 
commanded  you ;  and  evil  will  befall  you  ''in  the  latter  days,  because 
ye  will  do  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  to  provoke  him  to  anger 
through  the  work  of  your"  hands." 

"  Moses  therefore  wrote  this  song  the  same  day,  and  taught  it  the 
children  of  Israel.  ^^  And  Moses  spake  in  the  ears  of  all  the  congrega- 
tion of  Israel  the  words  of  this  song,  until  they  were  ended : — 

^  "  Give  '"ear,  O  ye  heavens  !  and  I  will  speak  ; 

And  hear,  O  earth  !  the  words  of  my  meuth. 
~  My  ""doctrine  shall  drop  as  the  rain, 

My  speech  shall  distil  as  the  dew, 

As  ^the  small  rain  upon  the  tender  herb, 

And  as  the  showers  upon  the  grass. 
^  Because  I  will  publish  the  name  of  the  Lord  : 

Ascribe  ''ye  greatness  unto  our  God. 
^  He  is  "the  Rock,  ''his  work  is  perfect ; 

For  "all  his  ways  are  judgment : 

A  ''God  of  truth  and  'without  iniquity, 

Just  and  right  is  he. 
^  fThey  have  corrupted  themselves, 

ITheir  spot  is  not  the  spot  of  his  children. 

They  are  ^o.  perverse  and  crooked  generation. 
•^  "  Do  ye  thus  ^requite  the  Lord, 

O  foolish  people  and  unwise  ? 

Is  not  he  Hhy  father  that  hath  H^ought  thee  ? 

Hath  he  not  ^made  thee,  and  established  thee  ? 
''  Remember  the  days  of  old, 

Consider  the  years  of  *many  generations  : 

Ask  Hhy  father — and  he  will  show  thee ; 

Thy  elders — and  they  will  tell  thee. 
^  When  the  Most  High  'divided  to  the  nations  their  inheritance, 

When  he  ""separated  the  sons  of  Adam, 

He  set  the  bounds  of  the  people 

According  to  the  number  of  the  children  of  Israel. 
^  For  "the  Lord's  portion  is  his  people  ; 

Jacob  is  the  tlot  of  his  inheritance. 
^^  He  found  him  "in  a  desert  land, 

And  in  the  waste  howling  wilderness  ; 

He  tied  him  about,  ^he  instructed  him, 

He  'kept  him  as  the  apple  of  his  eye. 
^^  As  '"an  eagle  stirreth  up  her  nest, 

Fluttereth  over  her  young, 

Spreadeth  abroad  her  wings, 

Taketh  them,  beareth  them  on  her  wings  ; 
^~  So  the  Lord  alone  did  lead  him. 

And  there  was  no  strange  god  with  him. 
^^  He  "made  him  ride  on  the  high  places  of  the  earth, 

That  he  might  eat  the  increase  of  the  fields  ; 

And  he  made  him  to  suck  'honey  out  of  the  rock, 

And  oil  out  of  the  flinty  rock. 
^^  Butter  of  kine,  and  milk  of  sheep,  with  fat  of  lambs, 

And  rams  of  the  breed  of  Bashan,  and  goats, 

With  "the  fat  of  kidneys  of  wheat ; 

And  thou  didst  drink  of  the  pure  "blood  of  the  grape. 
^^  "  But  "Jcshurun  waxed  fat,  and  ""kicked. 


THE  SONG  OF   MOSES. 


313 


e  1  Ki.  14.  22. 

1  Co.  10.  22. 
d  Le.  17.  7.  Ps. 

106.  37.  1  Co. 

10.20.  Re.  9. 20. 
*  Or,  wliicli  were 

not  God.  ver.  21. 
e  Is.  17.  10. 
/Je.  2.  32. 


j  Or,  despised 
La.  2.  b . 


1 1  Sa.  12.  21. 
Ps.  31.  6.  Je.  8. 
19.  Ac.  14.  15. 

m  Ho.  1.  10.  Ro. 
10.  19. 

n  Jer.  15.  14.  La. 
4.11. 

X  Or,  hath  burned. 

*  Or,  hath  con- 
sumed. 


r  La.  1.  20.  Ez. 

7.  15.  2  Co.  7.  5. 
J  Heh.from  the 

chambers. 
*  Heb.  bereave. 
3  Ez.  20.  13,  14, 

23. 


hand,  and  not  the 
LORD,  hath 
dune  ah  t/i.is. 
uls.  27.  Jl.Je.4. 


23.  10.  2  Ch.  24. 

24.  Is.  30.  17. 
z  Ps.  44.  12.  Is. 

50.  1. 

b  1  Sa.  4.  8.  Je. 

40.3. 
X  Or,  is  worse 

than  the  vine  of 

Sodom,  &-C.  Is.  1. 

10. 

c  Ps.  58.  4. 
d  Ps.  140 

3.  13. 
e Job  14.  17.  Jo. 

2.  22.  Ho.  13. 

12.  Ro.  2. 5. 

VOL. 


Ro.     33 


Thou  "art  waxen  fat,  thou  art  grown  thick, 

Thou  art  covered  with  fatness  ; 

Then  he  ""forsook  God  which  "made  him, 

And  hghtly  esteemed  the  ''Rock  of  his  salvation. 

They  'provoked  him  to  jealousy  with  strange  gods, 

With  abominations  provoked  they  him  to  anger. 

They  ''sacrificed  unto  devils,  *not  to  God  ; 

To  gods  whom  they  knew  not, 

To  new  gods  that  came  newly  up,  whom  your  fathers  feared  not. 

Of  'the  Rock  that  begat  thee  thou  art  unmindful, 

And  hast  ^forgotten  God  that  formed  thee. 

^^  "  And  "'when  the  Lord  saw  it,  he  tabhorred  them, 
Because  ''of  the  provoking  of  his  sons,  and  of  his  daughters. 
And  he  said,  '  I  *will  hide  my  face  from  them, 
I  will  see  what  their  end  shall  be  ; 
For  they  are  a  very  fro  ward  generation. 
Children  ^in  whom  is  no  faith. 

They  ^have  moved  me  to  jealousy  with  that  which  is  not  God, 
They  have  provoked  me  to  anger  'with  their  vanities  ; 
And  "I  will  move  them  to  jealousy  with  those  which  are  not  a  people, 
I  will  provoke  them  to  anger  with  a  foolish  nation. 
For  "a  fire  is  kindled  in  mine  anger, 
And  t shall  burn  unto  the  lowest  hell, 
And  *  shall  consume  the  earth  with  her  increase. 
And  set  on  fire  the  foundations  of  the  mountains. 
I  will  "heap  mischiefs  upon  them, 
I  'will  spend  mine  arrows  upon  them. 
They  shall  be  burnt  with  hunger, 

And  devoured  with  tburning  heat,  and  with  bitter  destruction  ; 
I  will  also  send  'the  teeth  of  beasts  upon  them. 
With  the  poison  of  serpents  of  the  dust. 
The  '^sword  without,  and  terror  t within. 
Shall  *destroy  both  the  young  man  and  the  virgin. 
The  suckling  also  with  the  man  of  gray  hairs. 

^^  ''  '  I  'said,  I  would  scatter  them  into  corners, 
I  would  make  the  remembrance  of  them  to  cease  from  among  men ; 
Were  it  not  that  I  feared  the  wrath  of  the  enemy, 
Lest  their  adversaries  'should  behave  themselves  strangely. 
And  lest  they  should  "say,  tOur  hand  is  high. 
And  the  Lord  hath  not  done  all  this. 
For  they  are  a  nation  void  of  counsel, 
Neither  "is  there  any  understanding  in  them. 
O  "that  they  were  wise,  that  they  understood  this. 
That  ^they  would  consider  their  latter  end  ! 
How  should  ^one  chase  a  thousand. 
And  two  put  ten  thousand  to  flight, 
Except  their  Rock  ""had  sold  them, 
And  the  Lord  had  shut  them  up  ? 
For  "their  rock  is  not  as  our  Rock, 
Even  ''our  enemies  themselves  being  judges. 
For  their  vine  tis  of  the  vine  of  Sodom, 
And  of  the  fields  of  Gomorrah  ; 
Their  grapes  are  grapes  of  gall, 
Their  clusters  are  bitter  ; 

Their  wine  is  "the  poison  of  dragons,  i 

And  the  cruel  "^venom  of  asps. 
Is  not  this  'laid  up  in  store  with  Me, 

40  2  a 


314  MOSES  BLESSES  THE  PEOPLE.  [Period  IIL 

And  sealed  up  among  my  treasures  ? 
■^pf.'H!"/.^'^*     ^^  To  ^me  belongeth  vengeance,  and  recompense. 

Their  foot  shall  slide  in  due  time  ; 
^2Pe.2.3.  Yor  'the  day  of  their  calamity  is  at  hand, 

And  the  things  that  shall  come  upon  them  make  haste. 
A  Pa.  135.14.       36  Yor  Hhc  Lord  shall  judge  his  people, 
i  ju.  2. 18.  Ps.  And  'repent  himself  for  his  servants, 

lOii.  45.  Je.  31.  ,,-.,  '  I        ,  .1      •       i 

20.  Joel -i^.  14.  When  he  seeth  that  their    power  is  gone, 

*neb. hand.  ^ud  ^thcrc  is  none  shut  up  or  left. 

■'2i'^2i.^2KL9.8.  ^'^  And  He  shall  say,  ^Where  are  their  gods, 
i'ju'."'io!  H.  Je.         Their  Rock  in  whom  they  trusted, 

2  28.  ■  38  Which  did  eat  the  fat  of  their  sacrifices. 

And  drank  the  wine  of  their  drink  offerings  ? 

/"t««-''^'"^         Let  them  rise  up  and  help  you,  and  be  tyour  protection. 
iPs.  102.27.  Is.   ^^  See  now  that  'I,  even  I,  am  He, 

^\'\  ■;  1ft  And  "there  is  no  god  with  me  : 

mis.  45. 5, 18,  i  r 

22.  I  "kill — and  I  make  alive  ; 

"2Kff.".Ve;         I  wound— and  I  heal  ; 

Jobs.  18. Ps.  68.       Neither  is  there  any  that  can  deliver  out  of  my  hand. 
BSeeGe.  14.22.   ^"^  For  "I  lift  up  my  hand  to  heaven, 

Nu.  14. 30.  And  say,  I  live  for  ever. 

p  u.  27. 1.  &  34.   "^  If  ''I  whet  my  glittering  sword, 

2i%^ib^i4  lo".       A"cl  my  hand  take  hold  on  judgment ; 
vi8.i.'24'.  Nah.        I  'will  render  vengeance  to  mine  enemies, 

i-  2-  And  will  reward  them  that  hate  me. 

rJe  46.10.         ^^  I  '^^'ill  make  mine  arrows  '^drunk  with  blood, 
And  my  sword  shall  devour  flesh  ; 

And  that  with  the  blood  of  the  slain  and  of  the  captives, 
^jIj^Iso^h!^"  ^^'        From  the  beginning  of  'revenges  upon  the  enemy.' 
%  Or,  Praisehis    43  |Rejoice,  O  yc  uations  !  with  his  people  ; 

Z7^!oT,'sTngye,       For  He  wiU  'avcugc  the  blood  of  his  servants, 
tRo'e^to^t^"         And  will  render  vengeance  to  his  adversaries, 

19.2.'    '  And  "will  be  merciful  unto  his  land,  and  to  his  people." 

u  Ps.  85  I.  44  And  Moses  came  and  spake  all  the  words  of  this  song  in  the  ears 

*0t,  Joshua.       ^f  ^j^g  people,  he,  and  *Hoshea  the  son  of  Nun.  '^^  And  Moses  made 
an  end  of  speaking  all  these  words  to  all  Israel,  '"^and  he  said  unto 
"40%^' '^■^''''      them,  "  Set  "your  hearts  unto  all  the  words  which  I  testify  among  you 
this  day,  which  ye  shall  command  your  children  to   observe  to   do,  all 
"i°^5^Pr^3."2^^*  the  words  of  this  Law.  ^'  For  it  is  nota  viiin  thing  for  you,  "because  it 

22!  &  4.  "22.'  Ko.  jg  yQur  life  ;  and  through  this  thing  ye  shall  prolong  your  days  in  the 
land,  whither  ye  go  over  Jordan  to  possess  it." 

SEC.LXXXViii.^^^^    LXXXVTII. Moses  blesses  the  People ;— He  ascends  Mount  Neho 

A.  M.  255a  to  die  ; — His  Death,  and  the  Lamentation  of  the  People. 

B.  C.  1451. 

Hales,  1608.  Deut.  xxxii.  48,  to  the  end,  and  xxxiii.  and  xxxiv. 

MountNebo.  ^g ^^^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^p^j^^  ^^^^ ^^^^^  ^j^^^  sclfsamc  day,  saying,  ^'^  "  Get 
aNu.  33.  47,48.  tlicc  up   iuto  this  "Mouutain  Abarim,  unto  Mount  Nebo,  which  is  in 

the  land  of  Moab,  that  is  over  against  Jericho ;   and   behold   the  land 

of  Canaan,  which  I  give  unto  tiie  children  of  Lsrael  for  a  possession. 

5"  And  die  in  the  mount  whither  thou  gocst  up,  and  be  gathered  unto 
J  Nu.  20. 25, 28.  thy  i^cople  ;  as  ''Aaron  thy  brother  died  in  Mount  Hor,  and  was  gathered 
cNu. 20. 11-13.  ,j„,(,  i.jg  people.  ^'^  Because 'ye  tresi)assed  against  me  among  the 
*OT,strifeat  children  of  Israel  at  the  waters  of 'Meribah-Kadesh,  in  the  wilderness 
d^etbe  10  3  ^''  ^'i'l  ;  l)ecause  ye  ''sanctified  ine  not  in  the  midst  of  the  children  of 
«Nu!27!  12.        Isni<;l.  •'■-Yet  'thou  shalt  see  the  land  before  thee  ;   but  thou  shalt  not 

go  thither  unto  the  land  which  I  give  the  children  of  Israel." 


Part  VIIL] 


MOSES  BLESSES  THE  PEOPLE. 


315 


/Pa. 


s-Ex.  19.  18,20. 
Ju.  5.  4,  5.  Hab. 
3.3. 


h  See  Ps.  68.  17. 

Da.  7.  10.  Ac.  7. 

.53.  Gil.3.19.He. 

2.  2.  Re.  5.  11. 
^Heb.  fire  of  law. 
i  See  Ge.  17.  8. 

Ps.  47.  4.   Ho. 

11.  1.  Mai.  1.  2. 
7  1  Sa.  2.  9.  Ps. 

50.  5. 
k  Lu.  10. 

22.3. 
I  Pr.  2.  1. 
m  John  1. 

7.  19. 


19.  Ac. 


]7.-  & 


0  Ex.  28.  30. 

a  i.  e.  with  the 
posterity  of  thy 
holij,  or  conse- 
crated, one,  viz. 
Aaron. — Ed. 

p  Ex.  17.  7.  Ps. 
81.  7. 

«  Ge.  29.  32. 
1  Ch.  17.  17. 
Job  37.  24. 

r  Ex.  32.  26-28. 

sSee  Je.  18.  18. 
Mai.  2.  5,  6. 

J  Or,  Lei  them 
teach,  4-c.  Le.  10. 
11.  Ez.  44.  23, 
24.  Mai.  2.  7. 

*  Or ,  Let  them  put 
incense.  Ex.  30. 
7,  8.  1  Sa.  2.  28. 

1  Heb.  at  thy 
nose. 

t  Le.  1.  9,13,17. 
Pa.  51.  19.  Ez. 
43.  27. 

«  2  Sa.  24.  23. 
Ps.  20.  3.  Ez. 
20.  40,  41. 

b  Or,  among  his 
mountains :  the 
temple  being 
among  the 
mountains  of 
Benjamin.— £d. 

V  Ge.  49.  25. 

w  Ge.  27.  28. 

X  Heb.  thrust 
forth. 

*  Heb.  moons. 
X  Ge.  49.  26. 
yHab  3.6. 

z  Ex.  3.  2,  4. 

a  Ge.  49.  26. 


^  And  this  is  the  blessing,  wherewith  Moses  -^the  man    Deut. 
of  God  blessed  the   children  of  Israel  before  his  death. 
^And  he  said, — 

"  The  "'Lord  came  from  Sinai, 

And  rose  up  from  Seir  unto  them ; 

He  shined  forth  from  Mount  Paran, 

And  he  came  with  ''ten  thousands  of  saints : 

From  his  right  hand  went  a  t fiery  law  for  thera. 
^  Yea,  'he  loved  the  people, 

All  -'his  saints  are  in  thy  hand  : 

And  they  *sat  down  at  thy  feet ; 

Every  one  shall  'receive  of  thy  words. 
^  Moses  "commanded  us  a  law, 

Even  the  inheritance  of  the  congregation  of  Jacob. 
^  And  he  was  king  in  Jeshurun, 

When  the  heads  of  the  people 

And  the  tribes  of  Israel  were  gathered  together. 

^  "  Let, Reuben  hve,  and  not  die  ; 

And  let  not  his  men  be  few." 
'  And  this  is  the  blessing  of  Judah.  And  he  said, — 
"  Hear,  Lord  !  the  voice  of  Judah, 

And  bring  him  unto  his  people. 

Let  his  hands  be  sufficient  for  him, 

And  be  thou  "a  help  to  him  from  his  enemies." 
^  And  of  Levi  he  said, — 
"  Let  °thy  Thummim  and  thy  Urim  be  with  thy  holy  ^one, 

Whom  ''thou  didst  prove  at  Massah, 

And  with  whom  thou  didst  strive  at  the  waters  of  Meribah ; 
^  Who  said  unto  his  father  and  to  his  mother,  I  have  not  'seen  him, 

Neither  '^did  he  acknowledge  his  brethren, 

Nor  knew  his  own  children ; 

For  Hhey  have  observed  thy  word,  and  kept  thy  covenant. 
^^  JThey  shall  teach  Jacob  thy  judgments, 

And  Israel  thy  law  ; 

*They  shall  put  incense  fbefore  Thee, 

And  'whole  burnt  sacrifice  upon  thine  altar. 
^^  Bless,  Lord  !  his  substance. 

And  "accept  the  work  of  his  hands  ; 

Smite  through  the  loins  of  them  that  rise  against  him, 

And  of  them  that  hate  him,  that  they  rise  not  again." 
^-  And  of  Benjamin  he  said, — 
"  The  beloved  of  the  Lord  shall  dwell  in  safety  by  him ; 

And  the  Lord  shall  cover  him  all  the  day  long. 

And  He  shall  dwell  between  his  ^shoulders." 
^^  And  of  Joseph  he  said, — 
"  Blessed  "of  the  Lord  be  his  land, 

For  the  precious  things  of  heaven, 

For  "the  dew,  and  for  the  deep  that  coucheth  beneath, 
^'^  And  for  the  precious  fruits  brought  forth  by  the  sun. 

And  for  the  precious  things  tput  forth  by  the  *moon, 
^^  And  for  the  chief  things  of  ""the  ancient  mountains. 

And  for  the  precious  things  "of  the  lasting  hills, 
^^  And  for  the  precious  things  of  the  earth,  and  fulness  thereof. 

And  for  the  goodwill  of  ^Him  that  dwelt  in  the  bush  ! 

Let  the  blessing  "come  upon  the  head  of  Joseph, 

And  upon  the  top  of  the  head  of  him  that  was  separated  from  his 
brethren. 


h  Nu.  32.  16,  17, 
e.  in  a  portion 


316  MOSES  BLESSES  THE  PEOPLE.  [Period  IIL 

^'  His  glory  is  like  the  firstling  of  his  bullock, 
tHeb.  an unicom.       And  his  homs  are  like  the  horns  of  tunicorns  ; 

*44^5'  ^'  ^^'  ^^'       With  them  'he  shall  push  the  people  together  to  the  ends  of  the  earth : 
cSeeGe.  48. 19.        And  "they  are  the  ten  thousands  of  Ephraim, 

And  they  are  the  thousands  of  Manasseh." 
^®  And  of  Zebulun  he  said, — 
djee Ge. 49. 13-   ci  Rejoicc,  ''Zebulun  !   in  thy  going  out; 

And,  IssACHAR,  in  thy  tents, 
eii.  2. 3.  ^^  They  shall  'call  the  people  unto  the  mountain, 

/Pe.  4. 5.  There  -^they  shall  offer  sacrifices  of  righteousness  ; 

For  they  shall  suck  of  the  abundance  of  the  seas, 

And  of  treasures  hid  in  the  sand." 
20  And  of  Gad  he  said,— 
^FoV!u.\f;ll:   "  Blessed  be  lie  that  ^enlargeth  Gad ! 
1  ch.  i2. 8,  &c.       He  dwelleth  as  a  lion. 

And  teareth  the  arm  with  the  crown  of  tiie  head. 

And  ''he  provided  the  first  part  for  himself. 

Because  there,  in  a  portion  of  the  Lawgiver,  was  he  tseated  ;^ 
laS?  ""        And  4ie  came  with  the  heads  of  the  people, 
Moses.-kd.  jjg  executed  the  justice  of  the  Lord, 

tHeb.cieled.  aii--i  -it  in 

iJo3.4. 12.  And  his  judgments  With  Israel. 

22  And  of  Dan  he  said, — 
"  Dan  is  a  lion's  whelp  ; 

jioB.^i^.47.ju.        He^shall  leap  from  Bashan." 

23  And  of  Naphtali  he  said, — 
AGe.  49. 21.        cc  Q  Naphtali !  ^satisfied  with  favor, 

And  full  with  the  blessing  of  the  Lord, 
iseeJo».i9.  32,       Posscss  'thou  the  Wcst  and  the  South." 

2"*  And  of  AsHER  he  said, — 
mGe.49.20.       «<  Let  '"Aslier  be  blessed  with  children. 

Let  him  be  acceptable  to  his  brethren, 
n  See  Job  29. 6         And  let  him  "dip  his  foot  in  oil. 

*Or,  Under  thy       25  *^l^y   gj-j^gg  gJ-^^JJ  j^g   jj-^jj  ^^^^  J^^j^gg  . 
shoes  akaU  be  J  ,     ,,     ,  i     i 

iron.  And  as  thy  days,  so  shall  thy  strength  be. 

"ee^'s.^Je^i/e:  ^^  "  There  is  "none  like  unto  the  God  of  Jeshurun, 

p  Ps.  68. 4, 33,         Who  ^rideth  upon  the  heaven  4n  thy  help, 
b  Or,  for  thy  Jid ;       ^ud  iu  his  cxcellcncy  on  the  sky. 
reip-£i^     '  "^  '^^^^  Eternal  God  is  thy  'refuge, 
q  Ps.  90. 1.  And  underneath  are  the  everlasting  arms  : 

And  he  shall  thrust  out  the  enemy  from  before  thee ; 

And  shall  say,  Destroy  them. 

Israel  ""then  shall  dwell  in  safety  alone ; 

The  fountain  of  Jacob  shall  be  upon  a  land  of  corn  and  wine  ; 
«  Ge.  27. 28.  Also  lus  "hcaveus  shall  drop  down  dew. 

t  Ps.  144. 15.       29  Happy  'art  thou,  O  Israel ! 

Who  "is  like  unto  thee,  O  people  saved  by  the  Lord  ! 

The  "shield  of  thy  help,  and  who  is   the   sword  of  thy  excellency ! 
^  oi,  shall  be  sub-       And  tlunc  enemies  f  shall  be  found  liars  unto  thee  ; 

dued.  2Sa.  22.  a       i     i  i     .  i  i      •      i  •    i        i  75 

45.  Ps.  18. 44.  And  thou  shalt  tread  upon  their  high  places. 

wNu.27. 12.  1  And  Moses  went  up  from  the  plains  of  Moab  "unto  the  ^^ut.  xxxiv. 

%  Or,  Vie  hill.  mountain  of  Nebo,  to  the  top  of  IPisgah,  that  is  over  against 
xDe.3.27.  Jericlio.  And  the  Lord  "^showed  him  all  the  land  of  Gilead,  "unto 
yGe.14.14.  jy^^  ^  .^^^^  ,^jl  ]vjj^p|,j.^]j^  j^„j  ^j^g  j.^^j  (^f  Epluaiin,  and  Manasseh,  and 
I  De.  11.24.  all  the  land  of  Judah,  ^into  the  utmost  sea,  ^  and  the  South,  and  the 
plain  of  the  valley  of  Jericho,  "the  city  of  palm  trees,  unto  Zoar.  ^  And 
the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  This  ''is  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  Abra- 
ham, unto  Isaac,  and  unto  Jacob,  saving, '  I  will  give  it  unto  thy  seed  ; ' 


r  Nu.  23.  9.  Je 
23.  6.  &.  33.  1( 


u2Sa.  7.  23. 
V  See  Gc.  15.  1 


aJu.  1.  16.  2Ch 
28.  15. 
b  See  Ge.  13.  7. 


Part  I.] 


THE   MISSION    OF   JOSHUA. 


317 


d  See  Ge.  27.  1. 

&  48.  10.  Jos. 

14.  10,  11. 
*  Heb.  moisture. 
iBeb.Jled. 
e  See  Ge.  50.  3, 

10. 
/Is.  II.  2.  Dii. 

6.3. 
g-Nu.  27.  18,23. 
h  See  De.  18.  15, 

18. 
i  Ex.  33.  II. 


I  have  caused  thee  to  see  it  with  thine  eyes,  but  thou  shalt  not  go 
over  thither." 

5  So  Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  died  there  in  the  land  of  Moab, 
accordiniT  to  the  word  of  the  Lord.  ^^And  He  buried  him  in  a  valley 
in  the  land  of  Moab,  over  against  Beth-peor  ;  but  'no  man  knoweth  of 
his  sepulchre  unto  this  day.  ''And  Moses  was  an  hundred  and  twenty 
years  old  when  he  died  ;  ''his  eye  was  not  dim,  nor  his  *natural  force 
tabated.  ^  And  the  children  of  Israel  wept  for  Moses  in  the  plains  of 
Moab  'thirty  days  ;  so  the  days  of  vi^eeping  and  mourning  for  Moses 
were  ended. 

9  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  was  full  of  the  ^Spirit  of  Wisdom,  (for 
°'Moses  had  laid  his  hands  upon  him  ;)  and  the  children  of  Israel  heark- 
ened unto  him,  and  did  as  the  Lord  commanded  Moses. 

^'^  And  there  ''arose  not  a  prophet  since  in  Israel  like  unto  Moses, 
*whom  the  Lord  knew  face  to  face,  ^^  in  all  the  signs  and  the  wonders, 
which  the  Lord  sent  him  to  do  in  the  land  of  Egypt  to  Pharaoh,  and 
to  all  his  servants,  and  to  all  his  land,  ^^and  in  all  that  mighty  hand, 
and  in  all  the  great  terror  which  Moses  showed  in  the  sight  of  all  Israel. 


PERIOD    IV. 

FROM   THE   ENTRANCE    OF   THE    ISRAELITES    INTO    CANAAN, 
TO  THE  DEATH  OF  DAVTO. 


PART   I. 

SECT.   I.  THE   CONaUEST   OF   CANAAN. 

Section    I. —  Tlie  Blission  of  JoshuaS'^^ 
Joshua  i.  1-9. 

to  succeed  Moses.     S  The  borders  of  the  promised  land.    5,9  God 
promiseth  to  assist  Joshua.     8  He  giveth  him  instructions. 

1  NOW  after  the  death  of  Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  it  came  to 
pass,  that  the  Lord  spake  unto  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  Moses'  minis- 


A.  M.  2553. 
B.  C.  1451. 
Hales,  1607. 
Mount  Nebo.       '^'''  ^'"''^  cppointeth  Josh 


Q)  The  conduct  of  Providence  towards  the  peo- 
ple of  Israel  had  now  made  them  the  only  nation 
in  the  world,  which  maintained  in  its  entire  purity 
the  doctrine  of  the  Unity  of  God.  The  nations 
around  them  professed  the  grossest  polytheism ; 
and  though  many  have  been  of  opinion  that  the 
more  philosophical  part  of  mankind  saw  through 
the  absurdity  of  idolatry,  we  have  no  proof  whatever, 
that  they  worshipped  the  one  only  true  God,  which 
was  revealed  to  their  fathers,  and  was  adored  by 
the  Israelites.  The  one  God  of  the  heathens  was 
a  mysterious,  undefinable,  existing,  nameless  first 
cause  ;  which  received  various  epithets  at  various 
times.  He  was  something  comprising  tlie  properties 
of  matter  with  the  attributes  of  spirit ;  which  every 
attempt  to  describe  rendered  only  more  unintelligi- 
ble and  absurd.  It  was  sometimes  called  the  plastic 
energy  of  nature — fate — destiny — the  soul  of  the 
world — or  whatever  other  term  the  fancy  or  super- 
stition of  the  pagans  might  please  to  assign  it ; 
and  we  have  every  reason  to  suppose  the  philoso- 
pher, the  magistrate,  and  the  vulgar,  among  the 
idolatrous  nations,  differed  only  in  their  degrees 
of  absurdity.  The  people  of  Israel  alone,  not  by 
the  efforts  of  their  own  reasoning,  but  by  the  proofs 
which  had  appealed  so  strongly  and  so  undeniably 
to  their  senses,  believed  and  professed  the  religion 
of  the  true  God,  the  Onmipotent,  Omniscient,  Om- 
nipresent Creator,  Preserver,  and  Judge  of  the 
world. 

The  worship  of  Jehovah  being  thus  established 
VOL.   I. 


among  the  Israelites,  it  could  not  be  supposed  that 
they  were  designed  to  wander  perpetually  in  the 
wilderness.  So  long  as  the  Israelites  continued  an 
obscure  and  wandering  people  in  the  deserts  of 
Arabia,  the  great  and  merciful  purposes,  for  which 
they  had  been  so  conspicuously  favored  by  the 
Almighty,  could  not  be  considered  as  fulfilled. 

Frmn  the  miracles  and  wonders  they  had  wit- 
nessed, they  would  naturally  conclude  they  were 
not  to  continue  for  ever  in  the  wilderness;  they 
would  anticipate  the  possession  of  some  fertile 
country  where  they  might  establish  their  religion 
in  its  purity.  The  land  of  Canaan,  which  was  now 
in  the  possession  of  the  Canaanites,  appeared  from 
its  central  situation  best  adapted  for  this  purpose  ; 
but  this  circumstance  could  give  them  no  right  or 
title  to  the  territory.  Yet  we  read  they  claimed 
this  country  as  if  it  was  their  inheritance  :  they 
fought,  they  conquered,  they  put  to  death,  or  dis- 
possessed the  inhabitants.  The  question  therefore 
which  has  been  proposed  by  many,  on  reading  this 
part  of  the  narrative,  is  worthy  of  attention  : — By 
what  right  did  the  Israelites  invade  the  land  of 
Palestine .' 

God,  the  Great  Governor,  who  possesses  all  power 
over  his  creatures,  and  may  justly  punish  those  who 
violate  his  laws,  in  that  manner  which  to  his  wis- 
dom may  seem  most  impressive  and  useful,  com- 
manded the  Israelites  to  exterminate  the  Canaanites, 
as  the  just  retribution  for  their  crimes  and  idolatries. 
God  might   have    destroyed   them   by  famine,  by 


31S 


THE  MISSION   OF  JOSHUA. 


[Period  IV. 


ter,  saying,  -  '•  Moses  my  servant  is  dead  ;  now  therefore  arise,  go  over 
this  Jordan,  thou,  and  all  this  people,  unto  the  land  which  I  do  give 
to  them,  even  to  the  children  of  Israel.  ^  Every  "place  that  the  sole 
of  your  foot  shall  tread  upon,  that  have  I  given  unto  you,  as  I  said  unto 


earthquake,  by  pestilence  ;  He  iniglit  have  drowned 
by  a  local  delujre,  or  consumed  them  by  fire  from 
heaven  :  instead  of  thc-se  He  commissioned  the 
people  of  Israel  to  root  them  out  by  the  sword.  In 
so  doing,  the  Almighty  not  only  demonstrated  to 
the  whole  world  his  hatred  of  the  corruptions  and 
pollutions  of  superstition,  but  He  more  particularly 
enforced  on  the  Israehtes  the  purity  of  his  Law,  the 
certainty  of  their  own  punisliment  if  they  aposta- 
tized, and  the  freedom  from  temporal  evil  which 
they  should  consequently  enjoy  if  they  persevered 
in  their  allegiance  to  Him,  their  Sovereign. 

Lest  thia^invasion  of  Canaan  by  the  Israelites 
however  should  be  drawn  into  precedent  by  other 
nations,  for  ambition  or  religious  persecution  ;  they 
were  assured  by  continued  and  powerful  miracles, 
that  their  cause  was  just,  that  they  should  be  suc- 
cessful, and  that  they  were  not  subject  at  that  pe- 
riod to  the  common  laws  of  nations.  The  people  of 
Israel  was  the  sword  of  God,  the  Great  Magistrate 
of  earth ;  and  they  were  no  more  to  be  condemned 
in  thus  acting  in  conformity  to  the  commands  of 
God,  than  the  executioner  can  be  who  fulfils  the 
last  sentence  of  the  law.  Before,  then,  other  nations 
invade  the  territory  of  their  neighbours  on  the  same 
supposed  authority  as  the  Israelites,  the  same  com- 
mission from  heaven  must  be  given  ;  and  that  com- 
mission must  be  authenticated  by  miracles  equally 
evident,  perpetual,  and  wonderful. 

Many  however  have  not  been  satisfied  with  this 
argument,  and  would  discard  the  doctrine  of  the 
peculiar  Providence,  which  regulated  by  a  visible 
theocracy  the  conduct  of  the  chosen  people ;  they 
would  defend  the  invasion  of  Palestine  on  other 
grounds.  They  would  judge  of  the  transactions 
of  that  period,  (regardless  of  the  peculiar  circum- 
stances under  which  they  took  place,)  by  modern 
ideas,  and  the  present  law  of  nations.  Some  sup- 
pose that  the  conduct  of  the  Israelites  was  solely 
defensible,  on  the  supposition  that  there  had  been  a 
partition  of  the  whole  earth  by  the  sons  of  Noah, 
and  that  Canaan  had  been  allotted  to  Shem ;  the 
sons  of  Shem  therefore  were  justified  in  claiming 
their  ancient  inheritance  from  the  Canaanites  who 
were  descended  from  Ham.  Others  have  asserted 
that  the  Canaanites  commenced  the  war  by  attack- 
ing the  Israelites ;  an  assertion  which  cannot  be 
defended  from  the  history.  While  others  have  af- 
firmed, without  any  well-grounded  arguments,  that 
the  Israelites,  as  a  wKindering  people,  having  no  cer- 
tain home,  were  justified  in  forcibly  invading,  and 
taking  possession  of  an  adjoining  territory.  But 
Michaelis  is  of  opinion  that  the  right  of  the  Is- 
raelites originated  in  their  being  actually  the  pro- 
prietors of  Canaan,  of  which  they  had  been  unjustly 
dispossessed  by  the  intruding  and  hostile  Canaanites. 

The  laws  of  nations  are  always  the  same.  If  any 
nation,  or  tribe,  or  part  of  a  tribe,  take  possession  of 
an  unknown,  undiscovered,  unoccupied,  or  unin- 
habited country,  the  right  of  property  vests  in 
them;  they  are  its  proprietors  and  owners.  After 
the  Deluge,  the  world  might  be  said  to  be  in  this 
state  ;  and  Michaelis  has  endeavoured  to  prove,  that 
the  ancestors  of  Abraham  were  the  original  occu- 
piers of  the  pasture  land  of  Canaan.  Canaan, 
therefore,  by  the  law  of  nations,  as  well  as  by  the 
promises  of  God,  was  the  lot  of  Abraham's  inherit- 
ance, and  the  rightful  land  of  his  descendants. 
The  Canaanite  and  the  Perizzlte  had  only  just  es- 
tablished themselves  in  Canaan  wjjen  Abraham  re- 
moved from  Haran  to  that  country  ;  and  were  so 
weak  and  few  in  number,  that  tliey  never  inter- 
fered with  the  rights  of  sovereignty  assumed  and 
exerted  by  Abraham.     The  Canaanites  were  mer- 


chants and  adventurers  who  had  been  originally 
settled  near  the  borders  of  the  Indian  ocean ;  and 
who  having  been  dispossessed  by  the  Cuthic  Si- 
donians,  had  migrated  westward,  to  form  establish- 
ments on  the  sea  coasts  of  Palestine,  and  carry  on 
conunerce  with  the  herdsmen  who  traversed  it. 
They  were  for  some  time  contented  with  their  fac- 
tories on  the  sea  coasts,  but  they  gradually  obtained 
possession  of  the  inland  country.  The  Perizzites, 
too,  were  a  warhke  tribe,  who  now  first  made  their 
appearance  in  Canaan  ;  they  had  originally  inhabit- 
ed the  north-east  of  Babylonia.  Whether  they  had 
been  dispossessed  of  their  settlements ;  whether 
they  were  seeking  new  establishments  ;  or  for  what- 
soever purpose  they  were  now  in  Palestine,  they 
gave  no  interruption  to  the  progress  of  Abraham, 
although  Abraham  entered  upon  the  Holy  Land, 
and  continued  his  journeyings  with  a  large  retinue, 
and  as  a  powerful  prince.  He  took  possession  of 
Canaan  as  the  territory  of  his  ancestors  ;  not  indeed 
as  a  fixed  habitation,  but  as  pasture  land  adapted  to 
his  numerous  flocks  and  herds.  He  traversed  the 
whole  country  as  a  proprietor,  without  a  competi- 
tor. He  had  the  power  of  arming  three  hundred 
and  eighteen  of  iiis  own  servants,  born  in  his  own 
house  :  and  it  is  most  probable  that  he  had  others 
who  are  not  enumerated.  He  declared  war  as  an 
independent  prince  of  this  country  against  five 
neighbouring  princes  ;  and  formed  an  alliance  with 
Abimelech,  as  an  equal,  and  as  a  sovereign.  It  is 
true,  he  purchased  land  of  the  Canaanitish  family 
of  Heth,  but  this  was  because  the  Hittites  had 
gradually  made  a  more  fixed  settlement  in  that  part 
of  the  country ;  their  intrusion  had  not  been  at  first 
prevented  by  the  ancestors  of  Abraham  ;  and  by 
this  sufferance  they  made  that  district  their  pecu- 
liar property. 

As  Abraham  thus  traversed  and  possessed  Ca- 
naan, with  undisputed  authority,  so  too  did  Isaac 
and  Jacob  in  like  manner.  No  one  opposed  their 
right.  They  exercised,  as  Abraham  had  done  be- 
fore them,  sovereign  power ;  they  never  resigned 
that  power,  nor  gave  up  to  others  tlie  property  of 
that  land,  which  now,  by  long  prescription,  as  well 
as  by  the  promise  of  God,  had  become  entirely  their 
own. 

The  ancestors,  then,  of  the  Israelites,  Michaelis 
argues,  were  either  the  sole  sovereigns,  or  the  most 
powerful  of  those  princes  who  possessed,  in  early 
ages,  the  Holy  Land.  By  the  famine  wliich  occur- 
red in  the  days  of  Joseph,  they  were  compelled  to 
leave  their  own  country,  and  take  refuge  in  Egypt ; 
yet  they  never  lost  sight  of  the  sepulchre  of  their 
fathers.  And  though  we  do  not  read  that  acts  of 
ownership  were  continued  to  maintain  and  perpet- 
uate their  riffht,  we  can  have  but  little  doubt  that 
something  of  the  kind  took  place,  for  Jacob  was 
taken  from  Egypt  to  be  buried  there  ;  Joseph  as- 
sured them  that  they  should  return  ;  and  the  Egyp- 
tians, their  oppressors,  a  kindred  branch  of  the  pow- 
erful tribes  which  had  by  this  time  entirely  taken 
possession  of  Palestine,  kept  them  in  bondage,  and 
refused  to  let  them  go,  lest  they  should  claim  the 
inheritance  of  tlieir  fathers. 

If  this  claim  of  the  Israelites  can  be  proved  to  be 
well  founded,  they  would  have  been  entitled,  by 
the  law  of  nations,  forcibly  to  take  possession  of  the 
Holy  Land ;  and  it  will  be  interesting  to  observe 
how  the  merciful  providence  of  God  afforded  them 
the  opportunity  of  successfully  regaining  their  law- 
ful inheritance,  and  at  the  same  time  accomplishing 
his  own  divine  purposes,  to  the  fulfilment  of  his 
prophecies,  and  to  the  happiness  and  security  of  his 
Church.     The  Israelites  may  be  considered  as  the 


Part  I.] 


THE  SPIES  SENT  OUT. 


319 


*23f ■ji.Vu^'sf.'''  Moses.  ''  From  Hhe  wilderness  and  this  Lebanon  even  unto  the  great 

river,  the  river  Euphrates,  all  the  land  of  the  Hittites,  and  unto  the 

Great  Sea  toward  the   going  down   of  the   sun,  shall   be  your  coast 
51 —         ....  ...  ... 


^  There  ''shall  not  any  man  be  able  to  stand  before  thee  all  the  days  of 
thy  life ;  as  I  was  with  Moses,  so  ''I  will  be  with  thee,  'I  will  not  fail 
thee,  nor  forsake  thee.  '^  Be  ^strong  and  of  a  good  courage  ;  for  *unto  this 
people  shalt  thou  divide  for  an  inheritance  the  land,  which  I  sware 
^people   unto  their  fathers  to  give  them.  '^  Only  be  thou  strong  and  very  cour- 


c  De.  7.  24. 

dDe.Sl.  8,23. 

I3.  43.  2,  5. 
fDe.31.6,8.  He. 

13.  5. 
/Ue.31.  7,  23. 
*  Or,  thou  shalt 

caiLse  tills  j 

tomkerittheiand,  ageous,  that  thou  maycst  observe  to  do  according  to  all  the  law,'^which 
Moses  my  servant  commanded  thee  ;  ''turn  not  from  it  to  the  right  hand 
or  to  the  left,  that  thou  mayest  tprosper  whithersoever  thou  goest. 
^This  ^Book  of  the  Law  shall  not  depart  out  of  thy  mouth,  but  •'thou 
shalt  meditate  therein  day  and  night,  that  thou  mayest  observe  to  do 
according  to  all  that  is  written  therein  ;  for  then  thou  shalt  make  thy 
way  prosperous,  and  then  thou  shalt  Ihave  good  success.  ^  Have  not 
I  commanded  thee  ?  Be  strong  and  of  a  good  courage,  *be  not  afraid, 
neither  be  thou  dismayed  ;  for  the  Lord  thy  God  is  with  thee  whither- 
soever thou  goest." 

Section  II. —  The  Sjnes  sent  ouf.^^> 

Joshua  ii. 

Rahab  receiveth  and  concealeth  the  two  spies  sent  from  Shittim.     8  The  covenant  between  her  and 

them.     23  Their  return  and  relation. 

^  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  *sent  out  of  Shittim  two  men  to  spy 
secretly,  saying,  "  Go  view  the  land,  even  Jericho."  And  they  went, 
and  "came  into  a  harlot's  house,  named  'Rahab,  and  tlodged  there. 

2  And  'it  was  told  the  king  of  Jericho,  saying,  "  Be'hold  !  there 
came  men  in  hither  to-night  of  the  children  of  Israel  to  search  out  the 
country."  ^  And  the  king  of  Jericho  sent  unto  Rahab,  saying,  "  Bring 
forth  the  men  that  are  come  to  thee,  which  are  entered  into  thy  house*^ 
for  they  be  come  to  search  out  all  the  country." 

^  And  "the  woman  took  the  two  men,  and  hid  them,  and  said  thus, 
"  There  came  men  unto  me,  but  I  wist  not  whence  they  were  ;  ^  and  it 
came  to  pass  about  the  time  of  shutting  of  the  gate,  when  it  was  dark, 
that  the  men  went  out.  Whither  the  men  went  I  wot  not ;  pursue 
after  them  quickly,  for  ye  shall  overtake  them."  ^  But 'she  had  brought 
them  up  to  the  roof  of  the  house,  and  hid  them  with  the  stalks  of  flax, 
which  she  had  laid  in  order  upon  the  roof.  ^And  the  men  pursued  after 
them  the  way  to  Jordan  unto  the  fords ;  and  as  soon  as  they  which 
pursued  after  them  were  gone  out,  they  shut  the  gate. 

^  And  before  they  were  lain  down,  she  came  up  unto  them  upon  the 
roof;  9  and  she  said  unto  the  men,  "  I  know  that  the  Lord  hath  given 
you  the  land,  and  that  ^your  terror  is  fallen  upon  us,  and  that  all  the 
inhabitants  of  the  land  tfaint  because  of  you.  i"  For  we  have  heard  how 
the  Lord  'dried  up  the  water  of  the  Red  Sea  for  you,  when  ye  came 
A_^Nu.  21.  24,34,  out  of  Egypt;  and  ''what  ye  did  unto  the  two  kings  of  the  Amorites, 
t  Ex.  15. 14, 15.  ^^'^^^  '^^^'^  *^"  t'^6  other  side  Jordan,  Sihon  and  Og,  whom  ye  utterly 
j  u.  VA.  7.  '  destroyed.  ^^  And  as  soon  as  we  had  'heard  these  things,  'our  hearts  did 
*Heb.  roseup.     melt,  neither  *did  there  remain  any  more  courage  in  any  man,  because 


g  Nu.  27.  23. 
h  De.  5.  32. 
t  Or,  do  wisely, 
vet.  8.  De.  29.  9. 
t  De.  17.  18,  19. 
j  Ps.  1.  2. 

J  Or,  do  wisely, 

ver.  7. 
k  Ps.  27.  1.  Je. 

1.8. 


SECT.   II. 

A.  M.  2553. 

B.  C.  1451. 

Hales,  1607. 

Shittim. 

*  Or,  had  sent. 
a  He.  11.  31.  Ja. 

2.  25. 

6  Mat.  1.5. 
t  Heb.  lay. 
cPs.  127.  1.  Pr. 

21.  30. 


/Ge.  35.  5. 

I  Heb.  melt.  ver. 
24.  Ex.  15.  15. 
g  Ex.  14.  21. 


servants  and  minsters  of  God,  punishing  the  idola- 
try of  the  Canaanites,  and  instituting  in  its  place,  in 
the  midst  of  an  apostate  world,  the' religion  of  the 
one   true    God.     In  every    victory   they  obtained. 


(-)  There  is  some  accidental  derangement  of  the 
order  of  the  chapters  in  the  book  of  Joshua.  If 
chronologically  placed,  they  should  be  read  thus: 
the  first  chapter  to  the   tenth  verse— the  second 


they  must  have  admired  the  faithfulness  of  that  chapter— from  the  tenth  verse  to  the  end  of  the  first 
promise  which  had  foretold  their  entire  possession  chapter— the  third  and  consecutive  chapters  to  the 
of  this  land  ;  and  they  must  have  been   persuaded,     eleventh— then   the    twenty-second    chapter— and 


that  if  they  served  other  gods,  they  would  bring 
down  upon  themselves  the  punishments  predicted 
by  Moses. — Vide  Michaelis,  Comment.  &c.  vol.  i.  b. 
ii.  c.  iii.  p.  155,  &c. ;  Horce  Mosaica,  vol.  i.  p.  458; 
Origin  of  Pag.  Idol.  vol.  iii.  p.  561,  &c. 


lastly,  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  chapters  to  the 
twenty-fourth  verse  of  the  latter.— Bedford's  Scrip- 
ture Chronologij,  b.  V.  p.  .590;  Gray's /'Te;/,  p.  147, 
note  2. 


320 


PASSAGE  OF  THE  RIVER  JORDAN. 


[Period  IV. 


A  De.  4.  39. 

I  Ge.  21.  23.  See 
1  Sa.  20.  14,  15, 
17. 

m  See  1  Ti.  5.  8. 


t  Heb.  instead  of 
you  to  die. 

n  Ju.  1.  24.  Mat. 
5.7. 
o  Ac.  9.  25. 


p  Ex.  20.  7. 

X  Heb.  gather. 
q  Mat.  27.  25. 


rEx.  23.  31. 
•  Heb.  melt. 
9. 


SECT.  in. 

A.   M.  2553. 

B.  C.  1 151. 

Hales,  1607. 

Jordan. 


of  you  ;  for  Hhe  Lord  your  God,  he  is  God  in  heaven  above,  and  in 
earth  beneath.  ^-  Now  therefore,  I  pray  you,  'swear  unto  me  by  the 
LopD,  since  I  have  showed  you  kindness,  that  ye  will  also  show  kind- 
ness unto  "my  father's  house,  and  give  me  a  true  token  ;  ^^  and  that  ye 
will  save  alive  my  father,  and  my  mother,  and  my  brethren,  and  my 
sisters,  and  all  that  they  have,  and  deliver  our  lives  from  death." 

'^  And  the  men  answered  her,  "  Our  life  tfor  yours,  if  ye  utter  not 
this  our  business.  And  it  shall  be,  when  the  Lord  hath  given  us  the 
land,  that  "we  will  deal  kindly  and  truly  with  thee."  ^^Then  she  "let 
them  down  by  a  cord  through  the  window ;  for  her  house  was  upon 
the  town  wall,  and  she  dwelt  upon  the  wall.  ^^  And  she  said  unto  them, 
"  Get  you  to  the  mountain,  lest  the  pursuers  meet  you,  and  hide  your- 
selves there  three  days,  until  the  pursuers  be  returned  ;  and  afterward 
may  ye  go  your  way."  ^^  And  the  men  said  unto  her,  "  We  will  be 
^blameless  of  this  thine  oath  which  thou  hast  made  us  swear.  ^^  Be- 
hold !  when  we  come  into  the  land,  thou  shalt  bind  this  line  of  scarlet 
thread  in  the  window  which  thou  didst  let  us  down  by  ;  and  thou  shalt 
tbring  thy  father,  and  thy  mother,  and  thy  brethren,  and  all  thy  father's 
household,  home  unto  thee.  ^^  And  it  shall  be,  that  whosoever  shall  go 
out  of  the  doors  of  thy  house  into  the  street,  'his  blood  shall  be  upon 
his  head,  and  we  will  be  guiltless  ;  and  whosoever  shall  be  with  thee 
in  the  house,  his  blood  shall  be  on  our  head,  if  any  hand  be  upon 
him.  ^^  And  if  thou  utter  this  our  business,  then  we  will  be  quit  of  thine 
oath  which  thou  hast  made  us  to  swear."  ^^  And  she  said,  "  According 
unto  your  words  so  be  it."  And  she  sent  them  away,  and  they  departed  ; 
and  she  bound  the  scarlet  line  in  the  window. 

2^  And  they  went,  and  came  unto  the  mountain,  and  abode  there 
three  days,  until  the  pursuers  were  returned  ;  and  the  pursuers  sought 
them  throughout  all  the  way,  but  found  them  not.  ^^  So  the  two  men 
returned,  and  descended  from  the  mountain,  and  passed  over,  and  came 
to  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  told  him  all  things  that  befell  them.  ^^  And 
they  said  unto  Joshua,  "  Truly  '^the  Lord  hath  delivered  into  our  hands 
all  the  land ;  for  even  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  country  do  *faint  be- 
■  cause  of  us." 

Section  III. — Passage  of  the  River  Jordan.^^^ 
Joshua  i.  10,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  iii.  and  iv. 
Joshua  prppareth  the  people  to  pass  over  Jordan.  12  He  putteth  the  two  tribes  and  a  half  in  mind  of 
their  promise  to  Mo.'ses.  16  They  promise  him  fealty.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  Joshua  cometh  to  Jordan. 
2  The  officers  instruct  the  people  for  the  pas.^affe.  7  The  Lord  encourageth  Joshtia.  9  Joshua 
eiiconrai^eth  the  people.  14  The  waters  of  Jordan  are  dirided.  — Chap.  iv.  1  Twelve  men  are 
appointed  to  take  twelve  stones  for  a  memorial  out  of  Jordan.  9  Twelve  other  stones  are  set  up  in 
the  midst  of  Jordan.  10,  19  The  people  pass  over.  14  God  magnifieth  Joshua.  20  The  twelve 
stones  are  pitched  i?i  Gilgal. 

^^  Then  Joshua  commanded  the  officers  of  the  people,  saying,  "  "  Pass 
through  the  host,  and  command  the  people,  saying,  Prepare  you  victuals ; 


(3)  Throughout  the  whole  of  this  Arrangement 
of  the  Old  "Testament,  I  have  not  attempted  to 
transpose  a  sentence,  to  make  the  mere  language  or 
the  composition  of  the  inspired  writers  appear  to 
more  advantage.  My  only  object  has  been  to  re- 
late the  facts  in  their  order,  according  to  the  best 
authorities.  The  third  chapter  of  the  book  of 
Joshua  contains  an  account  of  the  passage  of  the 
Israelites  over  tlie  river  Jordan.  Tlie  fact,  as  re- 
lated by  the  sacred  historian,  is  inserted  in  the 
Bible  in  its  proper  place  :  but  Bishop  Horsley  is  of 
opinion,  that  the  narration  of  the  fact  itself  is  con- 
fused ;  he  has,  therefore,  altered  tlie  arrangement 
of  tlie  sentences  and  verses,  to  give  a  more  orderly 
and  clear  account :  and  he  has  done  the  same  with 
other  passages.  In  the  present  case  the  Bishop's 
arrangement  has  undoubtedly  given  greater  ele- 
gance" to  the  relation  of  the  passage  of  the  river 
Jordan,  and  I  have  therefore  added  it  in  this  note, 


as  one  specimen  of  the  manner  in  which  that 
learned  and  ingenious  author  has  proceeded  in  his 
proposed  emendations  of  the  sacred  te.xt ;  though 
the  boldness  of  his  criticisms  is  not  always  to  be 
approved.  The  twelfth  verse  of  tliis  third  chapter 
of  Joshua  lie  places  after  the  first  of  chapter  the 
fourth. 

CHAPTER  III. 
*  And  it  came  to  pass  after  three  days, '  that  they 
removed  from  Shittim,  and  came  unto  Jordan, 
Joshua  and  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  there  they 
passed  the  night,  before  they  passed  over.  =And 
Joshua  said  unto  the  people,  "  Sanctify  yourselves, 
for  to-morrow  Jehovah  will  perform  wonders  among 
you."  >And  Joshua  arose  early  in  the  morning, 
'and  Jehovah  said  unto  Joshua,  "This  day  will  I 
begin  to  magnify  thee  in  the  eyes  of  all  Israel,  that 
they  may  understand  that  as  I  was  with  Moses  I 
will  be  with  thee.  *  And  thou,  command  the  priests 


Part  I.]  PASSAGE  OF  THE  RIVER  JORDAN.  331 

a  See  De.  9. 1.  &  for  "witliiii  three  days  ye  shall  pass  over  this  Jordan,  to  go  in  to  possess 
the  land,  which  the  Lord  your  God  giveth  you  to  possess  it," 

^^  And  to  the  Reubenites,  and  to  tiie  Gadites,  and  to  half  the  tribe 

6  Nu.  32. 20-28.    of  Mauassch,  spake  Joshua,  saying,  ^^  "  Remember  Hhe  word  which 

Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  commanded  you,  saying,  '  The  Lord 

your  God  hath  given  you  rest,  and  hath  given  you  this  land.  ^^  Your 

wives,  your  little  ones,  and  your  cattle,  shall  remain  in  the  land  which 

Moses  gave  you  on  this  side  Jordan  ;  but  ye  shall  pass  before  your 

* bifiveT^sE^!^  brethren  *armed,  all  the  mighty  men  of  valor,  and  help  them  ;  ^^  until 

13. 18.  the  Lord  hath  given  your  brethren  rest,  as  he  hath  given  you,  and  they 

also  have  possessed  the  land  which  the  Lord  your  God  giveth  them.' 

Then  ye  shall  return  unto  the  land  of  your  possession,  and  enjoy  it, 

which  Moses  the  Lord's  servant  gave  you  on  this  side  Jordan  toward 

the  sunrising." 

^^  And  they  answered  Joshua,  saying,  "  All  that  thou  commandest 
us  we  will  do,  and  whithersoever  thou  sendest  us,  we  will  go.  ^"^  Ac- 
cording as  we  hearkened  unto  Moses  in  all  things,  so  will  we  hearken 
"i  Irf's?^^'  ""^*^  ^^^^  '  ^^^y  ^^^^  Lord  thy  God  'be  with  thee, as  he  was  with  Moses. 
18  Whosoever  he  be  that  doth  rebel  against  thy  commandment,  and 
will  not  hearken  unto  thy  words  in  all  that  thou  commandest  him,  he 
shall  be  put  to  death ;  only  be  strong  and  of  a  good  courage." 

^  And  Joshua  rose  early  in  the   morning  ;  and  they  re-         Jos.  iii. 
moved  from  Shittim,  and  came  to  Jordan,  he  and  all  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel,  and  lodged  there  before  they  passed  over.  ^  And  it  came 
to  pass  after  three  days,  that  the  officers  went  through  the  host ;  ^  and 
dsee  Nu.  10.33.  they  Commanded  the  people,  saying,  "  When  "^ye  see   the  ark  of  the 
e  De.  31. 9, 25.     covenaut  of  the  Lord  your  God,  'and  the  priests  the  Levites  bearing 
/•Ex.  19. 12.        it,  then  ye  shall  remove  from  your  place,  and  go  after  it.  '^  Yet  ■'^there 
shall  be  a  space  between  you  and  it,  about  two  thousand  cubits  by 
measure ;  come  not  near  unto  it,  that  ye  may  know  the  way  by  which 
^urd!i^i^''mdat'   y®  must  go,  for  ye  have  not  passed  this  way  theretofore."  ^  And  Joshua 
third  day.  said  unto  the  people,  "  Sanctify  ^yourselves  ;  for  to-morrow  the  Lord 

gEx.  19.  10, 14,  ^jjj  j^  wonders   among  you."  "^  And  Joshua  spake  unto  the   priests, 
saying,  "  Take  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  and  pass  over  before  the 
people."    And  they  took  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  and  went  before 
the  people. 
''ich'i^i  ^'  ^  ^^^^  ^^^  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  "  This  day  will  I  begin  to  '^magnify 

thee  in  the  sight  of  all  Israel,  that  they  may  know  that,  as  I  was  with 

that  bear  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  saying.  When  i' And  it  shall  be,  as  soon  as  the  soles  of  the  feet  of 
ye  enter  the  brink  of  the  water  of  Jordan,  then  the  priests  bearing  the  ark  of  Jehovah,  the  Lord  of 
stand  ye  still  in  Jordan."  ^And  the  officers  went  all  the  earth,  shall  rest  in  the  waters  of  Jordan,  the 
through  the  camp,  ^and  they  commanded  the  waters  of  Jordan  shall  be  intercepted,  the  waters 
people,  saying,  "  So  soon  as  ye  shall  see  the  priests  that  come  down  from  above,  and  they  shall  stand 
the  Levites  take  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  Je-  up  in  one  heap."  '■*  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the 
hovah  your  God,  then  ye  shall  march  from  your  people  marched  from  their  tents  to  pass  over  Jor- 
place,  and  go  after  it.  ■•  Only  there  shall  be  a  space  dan,  with  the  priests  bearing  the  ark  of  the  cove- 
between  you  and  it.  Ye  shall  not  approach  it  nant  before  the  people,  '^  when  they  that  bare  the 
within  the  distance  of  full  two  thousand  cubits,  in  ark  came  unto  Jordan,  and  the  feet  of  the  priests 
order  that  ye  may  know  the  way  which  ye  must  bearing  the  ark  were  dipped  in  the  water  upon  the 
go,  for  ye  have  not  passed  this  way  heretofore."  brink,  (now  Jordan  is  swollen  over  all  his  banks  all 
*  And  Joshua  spake  unto  the  priests,  saying,  "  Take  the  season  of  harvest,  )  ^^  then  the  waters  which 
up  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  and  pass  over  before  the  came  down  from  the  upper  parts  [of  the  river]  stood 
people."  So  they  took  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  still  *  ;  they  rose  up  in  one  heap  to  a  great  distance 
and  marched  before  the  people.  ^  And  Joshua  said  above  the  city  Adaint,  which  is  hard  by  Zaredan. 
unto  the  children  of  Israel,"  Come  hither,  and  hear  And  those  that  were  going  down  toward  the  sea  of 
the  words  of  Jehovah  your  God."  "^And  Joshua  the  plain,  the  salt  sea,  ran  quite  off,  being  separated 
said, "  By  this  ye  shall  know  that  the  living  God  is  [from  the  upper  stream].  So  the  people  crossed 
among  you,  and  assuredly  he  will  drive  out  before  over  opposite  to  Jericho.  ''And  the  priests  bearing 
you  the  Canaanite,  and  the  Hittite,  and  the  Hivite,  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  Jehovah  stood  firm  upon 
and  the  Perizzite,  and  the  Amorite,  and  the  Jebu-  dry  land  in  the  midst  of  Jordan.  And  all  Israel 
site.  "  Behold  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  crossed  over  upon  dry  land,  until  the  whole  army 
of  the  whole  earth  goeth  on  before  you  into  Jordan,  had  crossed  over  Jordan. 

*  The  current  was  stopped.  t  □TND  is  the  reading  in  many  MSS. 

VOL.    I.  41 


322  PASSAGE  OF  THE  RIVER  JORDAN.  [Period  IV. 

Moses,  so  I  will  be  with  thee.  ®  And  thou  shalt  command  the  priests 
that  bear  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  saying.  When  ye  are  come  to  the 
brink  of  the  water  of  Jordan,  ye  shall  stand  still  in  Jordan." 

^  And  Joshua  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  '■  Come  hither,  and 
hear  the  words  of  the  Lord  your  God."   ^°  And  Joshua  said,  '•  Hereby 

» De.  5. 26. 1  sa.  ye  shall  know  that  'the  living  God  is  anions;  you,  and  that  he  will  without 
4.  Ho.'  1.  lo'.  '  fail  ^drive  out  from  before  you  the  Canaanites,  and  the  Hittites,  and  the 
I'lw'h'g.       Hivites,  and  the  Perizzites,  and  the  Girgashites,  and  the  Amorites,  and 

j Ex. 33. 2. De. 7.  the  Jebusitcs.  ^^  Behold,  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  *the  Lord  of  all 

A  Mic.  4.  13.  ze.  the  earth  passeth  over  before  you  into  Jordan.  ^-Now  therefore  take 

4. 14.  &.6. 5.      yQy  twelve  men  out  of  the  tribes  of  Israel,  out  of  every  tribe  a  man. 

^'•^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  as  soon  as  the  soles  of  the  feet  of  the  priests 

that  bear  the  ark  of  the  Lord,  the  Lord  of  all  the  earth,  shall  rest  in  the 

waters  of  Jordan,  that  the  waters  of  Jordan  shall  be  cut  ofl'from  the  waters 

'n-i'l'  ^^'^      ^^^*  come  down  from  above  ;  and  they  'shall  stand  upon  a  heap." 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  people  removed  from  their  tents, 

m  Ac.  7.45.  iq  p^gs  ovcr  Jordau,  and  the  priests  bearing  the  "ark  of  the  covenant 
before  the  people  ;  ^^  and  as  they  that  bare  the  ark  were  come  unto  Jor- 
dan, and  the  feet  of  the  priests  that  bare  the  ark  were  dipped  in  the  brim 

» 1  Ch.  12. 15.  Je.  of  the  water  (for  "Jordan  overfloweth  all  his  banks  all  the  time  of  har- 
vest), 1^  that  the  waters  which  came  down  from  above  stood  and  rose 

oiKi.4. 12.  &7.  up  upon  a  heap  very  far  from  the  city  Adam,  that  is  beside  "Zaretan  ; 
^De  3  17  ^"^  those  that  came  down  ''toward  the  sea  of  the  plain,  even  'the  salt 

jGe.H.  3.Nu.  sca,  failed,  and  were  cut  ofi':  and  the  people  passed  over  right  against 
^"^^  ^'  Jericho.  ^'^  And  the  priests  that  bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the 

r  See  Ex.  14.  29.  LoRD  stood  fimi  on  diy  grouud  in  the  midst  of  Jordan,  "^and  all  the 
Israelites  passed  over  on  dry  ground,  until  all  the  people  were  passed 
clean  over  Jordan. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  the  people  were   clean        Jos.  iv. 

s  De.  27. 2.  'passcd  ovcr  Jordan,  that  the  Lord  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying, 

-  '•  Take  you  twelve  men  out  of  the  people,  out  of  every  tribe  a  man, 
^  and  command  ye  them,  saying.  Take  you  hence  out  of  the  midst 
of  Jordan,  out  of  the  place  where  the  priests'  feet  stood  firm,  twelve 
stones,  and  ye  shall  carry  them  over  with  you,  and  leave  them  in  the 
lodging  place,  where  ye  shall  lodge  this  night."  ^  Then  Joshua  called 
the  twelve  men,  whom  he  had  prepared  of  the  children  of  Israel,  out 
of  every  tribe  a  man  ;  ^and  Joshua  said  unto  them,  "  Pass  over  before 
the  ark  of  the  Lord  your  God  into  the  midst  of  Jordan,  and  take  you 
up  every  man  of  you  a  stone  upon  his  shoulder,  according  unto  the 
number  of  the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel,  ^  that   this  may  be  a 

^^""u^De't^o  ^'o"  among  you,  that  'when  your  children  ask  their  fathers  tin  time  to 
Ps'.  44.  i.^&' 78'.  come,  saying.  What  mean  ye  by  these  stones?  '''Then  ye  shall  answer 

I  Heb. to-morrow,  th^m,  That  the  waters  of  Jordan  were  cut  off  before  the  ark  of  the 
covenant  of  the  Lord,  (when  it  passed  over  Jordan,  the  waters  of  Jor- 

uEx.  12. 14.  Nu.  dan  were  cut  off;)  and  these  stones  shall  be  for  "a  memorial  unto  the 
children  of  Israel  for  ever."  ^  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  so  as  Joshua 
commanded,  and  took  up  twelve  stones  out  of  the  midst  of  Jordan,  as 
the  Lord  spake  unto  Joshua,  according  to  the  number  of  the  tribes 
of  the  children  of  Israel,  and  carried  them  over  with  them  unto  the 
place  where  they  lodged,  and  laid  them  down  there.  ^  And  Joshua  set 
up  twelve  stones  in  the  midst  of  Jordan,  in  the  place  where  the  feet  of 
the  priests  which  bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  stood ;  and  they  are 
there  unto  this  day. 

'°  For  the  priests  which  bare  the  ark  stood  in  the  midst  of  Jordan,  until 
every  thing  was  finished  that  the  Lord  commanded  Joshua  to  speak 
unto  the  people,  according  to  all  that  Moses  commanded  Joshua  :  and 
the  people  hasted  and  passed  over.   ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  the 


Part  I.] 


THE  COVENANT  RENEWED. 


323 


V  Nu.  32.  20,  27, 


10  Ex.  25.  16,  22. 


f  Heb.  plucked  up. 
J  Heb.  wcnU 


*  Heh.  to-morrow. 
X  Ex.  14.  21. 
y  1  Ki.  8.  42,  43. 

2  Ki.  19.  19.  Ps. 

lot).  8. 
z  Ex.  15.  16. 

1  Ch.  29.  12.  Ps. 

89.  13. 
a  Ex.  14.  31.  De. 

6.  2.  Ps.  89.  7. 

Je.  10.  7. 
t  Heb.  all  days. 


SECT.  IV. 

A.  M.  2553. 

B.C.  1451. 

Hales,  1607. 

Gilgal. 

a  Nu.  13.  29. 
6  See  Ex.  15.  14, 

15.  Ps.  48.  6. 

Ez.  21.  7. 
c  1  Ki.  10.  5. 

*  Or,  knives  of 
Jiints.  Ex.  4.  25. 


d  Nu.  14.  2! 
De.  2.  16. 


e  Nu.  14.  33.  De. 
1.  3.  Ps.  95.  10. 


/Nu.  14.  23.  Ps. 
95.  n.  He.  3. 

g  Nu.  14.  31.  De. 

J  Heb.  when  the 
people  had  made 
an  end  to  be  cir- 
cumcised. 

k  See  Ge.  34.  25. 


people  were  clean  passed  over,  that  the  ark  of  the  Lord  passed  over, 
and  the  priests,  in  the  presence  of  the  people.  ^^  And  "the  children  of 
Reuben,  and  the  children  of  Gad,  and  half  the  tribe  of  Manasseh,  passed 
over  armed  before  the  children  of  Israel,  as  Moses  spake  unto  them : 
13  about  forty  thousand  *  prepared  for  war  passed  over  before  the  Lord 
unto  battle,  to  the  plains  of  Jericho. 

14  On  that  day  the  Lord  magnified  Joshua  in  the  sight  of  all  Israel; 
and  they  feared  him,  as  they  feared  Moses,  all  the  days  of  his  life. 
15  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying,  i^  "  Command  the  priests 
that  bear  "the  ark  of  the  testimony,  that  they  come  up  out  of  Jordan." 
1^  Joshua  therefore  commanded  the  priests,  saying,  "  Come  ye  up  out  of 
Jordan."  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  priests  that  bare  the  ark 
of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  were  come  up  out  of  the  midst  of  Jordan, 
and  the  soles  of  the  priests'  feet  were  tlifted  up  unto  the  dry  land,  that 
the  waters  of  Jordan  returned  unto  their  place,  and  tflowed  over  all 
his  banks,  as  they  did  before. 

1^  And  the  people  came  up  out  of  Jordan  on  the  tenth  day  of  the 
first  month,  and  encamped  in  Gilgal,  in  the  east  border  of  Jericho. 
^^  And  those  twelve  stones,  which  they  took  out  of  Jordan,  did  Joshua 
pitch  in  Gilgal.  ^i  And  he  spake  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  saying, 
"  When  your  children  shall  ask  their  fathers  *in  time  to  come,  saying, 
What  mean  these  stones?  ^^Then  ye  shall  let  your  children  know,  saying, 
Israel  came  over  this  Jordan  on  dry  land.  ^^  For  the  Lord  your  God 
dried  up  the  waters  of  Jordan  from  before  you,  until  ye  were  passed 
over,  as  the  Lord  your  God  did  to  the  Red  Sea  'which  he  dried  up 
from  before  us,  until  we  were  gone  over ;  ^^  that  ^all  the  people  of  the 
earth  might  know  the  hand  of  the  Lord,  that  it  is  "mighty ;  that  ye  might 
"fear  the  Lord  your  God  tfor  ever." 

Section  IV. —  TJie  Covenant  renewed. 
Joshua  v.  1-12. 

The  Canaanites  are  afraid.     2  Joshua  reneweth  circumcision.     10  The  Passover  is  kept  at  Gilgal. 
12  Manna  ceaseth. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  the  kings  of  the  Amorites,  which 
were  on  the  side  of  Jordan  westward,  and  all  the  kings  of  the 
Canaanites,  "which  were  by  the  sea,  ^heard  that  the  Lord  had  dried 
up  the  waters  of  Jordan  from  before  the  children  of  Israel,  until  we 
were  passed  over,  that  their  heart  melted,  'neither  was  there  spirit  in 
them  any  more,  because  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

2  At  that  time  the  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  "  Make  thee  *sharp  knives, 
and  circumcise  again  the  children  of  Israel  the  second  time."  ^  And 
Joshua  made  him  sharp  knives,  and  circumcised  the  children  of  Israel 
at  tthe  hill  of  the  foreskins.  "And  this  is  the  cause  why  Joshua  did 
circumcise  ;  "all  the  people  that  came  out  of  Egypt,  that  were  males, 
even  all  the  men  of  war,  died  in  the  wilderness  by  the  way,  after  they 
came  out  of  Egypt.  ^  Now  all  the  people  that  came  out  were  circum- 
cised ;  but  all  the  people  that  were  born  in  the  wilderness  by  the  way 
as  they  came  forth  out  of  Egypt,  them  they  had  not  circumcised.  ^  For 
the  children  of  Israel  walked  'forty  years  in  the  wilderness,  till  all  the 
people  that  were  men  of  war,  which  came  out  of  Egypt,  were  con- 
sumed, because  they  obeyed  not  the  voice  of  the  Lord  ;  unto  whom 
the  Lord  sware  that  ^he  would  not  show  them  the  land,  which  the 
Lord  sware  unto  their  fathers  that  he  would  give  us,  a  land  that  floweth 
with  milk  and  honey.  "^  And  'their  children,  whom  he  raised  up  in 
their  stead,  them  Joshua  circumcised ;  for  they  were  uncircumcised, 
because  they  had  not  circumcised  them  by  the  way.  ^  And  it  came  to 
pass,  Uvhen  they  had  done  circumcising  all  the  people,  that  they  abode 
in  their  places  in  the  camp,  Hill  they  were  whole.  ^  And  the  Lord  said 


324  THE  CONQUEST  OF  JERICHO.  [Period  IV. 

^u.'i^'^LeLe   ^^^^  Joshua,  "  This  day  have  I   rolled  away 'the  reproach  of  Egypt 
18. 3.  Ez.  20. 7.  from  off  you."    Wherefore  the  name  of  the  place  is  called  *Gilgal  unto 

7os^V%:'""^'  this  day. 

^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  encamped  in  Gilgal,  and  kept  the  Pass- 

^la  ^'''  ^^'  ^'  ^^'^^  ''^"  th^  fourteenth  day  of  the  month  at  even  in  the  plains  of  Jericho. 
^^  And  they  did  eat  of  the  old  corn  of  the  land  on  the  morrow  after  the 
Passover,  unleavened  cakes,  and  parched  corn  in  the  selfsame  day. 

*Ex.  16.35.  i-And  'the  manna  ceased  on  the  morrow  after  they  had  eaten  of  the 

old  corn  of  the  land ;  neither  had  the  children  of  Israel  manna  any 

more  ;  but  they  did  eat  of  the  fruit  of  the  land  of  Canaan  that  year. 

SECT.  V.  Section  V. —  The  Conquest  of  Jericho. 

A.  M.  2553.  Joshua  vi.  1,  and  v.  13,  to  the  end,  and  vi.  2,  to  the  end. 

u    ^   ^i^n7        ^^*P-  ^"i-  Jericho  is  shut  up.  —  Chap.  v.  13  An  Angel  appeareth  to  Joshua.  —  Chap.  vi.  2  God  in- 
Hales,  1007.  stmcleth  Joshua  how  to  besiege  Jericho.     1 1  The  city  is  compassed.     17  It  must  be  accursed.    20 

Jericho.  TVie  walls  fall  down.     22  Rahai  is  saved.     2G  The  builder  of  Jericho  is  cursed. 

*  TT  u  "77  r  ^  Now  Jericho  *was  straitly  shut  up  because  of  the  children  of  Israel : 

♦  Heb.  did  shut  .  •'        .  '^  ' 

up,  and  leas  shut  nouc  Went  out,  and  none  came  in. 

"^'  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Joshua  was  by  Jericho,  that  C)  Jos.  v.  13, 

"tmU'.-^^'k.  he  lifted  up  his  eyes  and  looked,  and,  behold,  there  stood  "a  '"  ''"'"'^• 

f.*8.^'cfi'  lo'    ^^^^  o^'^''  against  him  with  his  sword  drawn  in  his  hand  ;  and  Joshua 

went  unto  him,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Art  thou  for  us,  or  for  our  adver- 

t  o^f.g^'^- jSee  saries?"  i-*  And  he  said,  "Nay:    but  as  tCaptain  of  the  host  of  the 

io.'i3,'2i.'&  12.  Lord  am  I  now  come."     And  Joshua  ''fell  on  his  face  to  the  earth, 

»Ge.  17.3.         ^^^  did  worship,  and  said  unto  him,  "  What  saith  my  Lord   unto  his 

servant  ?  ^^  And  the  Captain  of  the  Lord's  host  said    unto  Joshua, 

e  Ex.  3. 5.  "  Loose  "thy  shoe  from  off  thy  foot ;  for  the  place  whereon  thou  stand- 

est  is  holy."     And  Joshua  did  so. 

2  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  "  See  !  I  have  given  into  Jos.  vi.2,  to 

<iDe.7.24.         thy  hand  Jericho,  and  the  ''king  thereof,  and  the  mighty  men     the  end. 

of  valor.  3  And  ye  shall  compass  the  city,  all  ye  men  of  war,  and  go 

round  about  the  city  once.    Thus  shall  thou  do  six  days.  ■*  And  seven 

'Jf®  ■'"•  ^-  ^^'     priests  shall  bear  before  the  ark  seven  'trumpets  of  rams'  horns  ;  and 

/Nu,  10. 8.         the  seventh  day  ye  shall  compass  the  city  seven  times,  and  -^the  priests 

shall  blow  with  the  trumpets.  ^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  when 

they  make   a  long  blast  with   the  ram's   horn,  and  when  ye  hear  the 

sound  of  the  trumpet,  all  the  people  shall  shout  with  a  great  shout ; 

t  Heb.  under  it.    and  the  wall  of  the  city  shall  fall  down  flat,  and  the  people  shall  ascend 

up  every  man  straight  before  him." 

^  And  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun  called  the  priests,  and  said  unto  them, 
"  Take  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant,  and  let  seven  priests  bear  seven 
trumpets  of  rams'  horns  before  the  ark  of  the  Lord."  '  And  he  said 
unto  the  people,  "  Pass  on,  and  compass  the  city,  and  let  him  that  is 
armed  pass  on  before  the  ark  of  the  Lord." 

^And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Joshua  had  spoken  unto  the  people, 
that  the  seven  priests  bearing  the  seven  trumpets  of  rams'  horns 
passed  on  before  the  Lord,  and  blew  with  the  trumpets  ;  and  the  ark 
of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  followed  them. 

^  And  the  armed  men  went  before  the   priests  that  blew  with   the 

*hos\'''/u'^''^  trumpets,  and  the  *rereward  came  after  the  ark,  the  priests  going  on,  and 

'  blowing  with  the  trumpets.  ^^  And  Joshua  had  commanded  the  people, 

t  Heb.  nwfceyoHr  saying,  "  Ye  shall  not  shout,  nor  tmake   any  noise  with   your  voice, 

neither  shall  any  word  proceed  out  of  your  mouth,  until  the  day  I  bid 

you  shout ;  then  shall  ye  shout."  ^^  So  the  ark  of  the  Lord  compassed 

(*)  This  division  is  made  on  the  authority  of  Mr.  vine  honors,  as  the   Son   of  God. — Faber's  Horn 

Faber.     The  Angel  wlio  appeared  to   Moses,  now  Mosaica,  vol.  ii.  p.  107 ;  and  Horsley's  Biblical  Crit- 

appears    to    Joshua;    assumes    the    same    exalted  ic/sms,  vol.  i.  p.  255. 
name,  "  Jehovah  ;  "  and  challenges  the  same  di- 


Part  I.] 


THE  CAPTURE  OF  AI.  325 


the  city,  going  about  it  once  ;  and  they  came  into  the  camp,  and  lodged 
in  the  camp. 
^De.31.  i25.  12  ^j^fl  Joshua  rose  early  in  the  morning,  ^and  the  priests  took  up 

the  ark  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  seven  priests  bearing  seven  trumpets  of 
rams'  horns  before  the  ark  of  the  Lord  went  on  continually,  and  blew 
with  the  trumpets  ;  and  the  armed  men  went  before  them,  but  the  rere- 
ward  came  after  the  ark  of  the  Lord,  the  priests  going  on,  and  blowing 
with  the  trumpets.  ^^And  the  second  day  they  compassed  the  city 
once,  and  returned  into  the  camp :  so  they  did  six  days. 

15  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  seventh  day,  that  they  rose  early 
about    the    dawning  of  the    day,  and  compassed    the  city  after  the 
same  manner  seven  times  ;  only  on  that  day  they  compassed  the  city 
seven  times.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass   at   the   seventh  time,  when  the 
priests  blew  with  the  trumpets,  Joshua  said  unto  the  people,  "  Shout  1  for 
tor,<Je.>ot^^,Le.  tj^g  LoRD  hath  giveu  you  the  city.  ^^  And  the  city  shall  be  taccursed, 
27. 28.  Mic.  .     ^^^^  .^^  ^^^  ^j^  ^^^^  ^^^  therein,  to  the  Lord  ;  only  Rahab  the  harlot 
shall  live,  she  and  all  that  are  with  her  in   the  house,  because  she 
ADe.7.26.&i3.  j^j^j  ^j^g  messcngers  that  we  sent.  ^^  And  ye,  Mn  any  wise  keep  your- 
selves from  the  accursed  thing,  lest  ye  make  yourselves  accursed,  when 
ye  take  of  the  accursed  thing,  and  make  the  camp  of  Israel  a  curse, 
ii^K^l^if.  n,i8.  i^j^jj  trouble  it.  i"  But  all  the  silver,  and  gold,  and  vessels  of  brass  and 
I  ieb.  holiness,    irou,  are  tconsecrated  unto  the  Lord  ;  they  shall  come  into  the  treasury 
of  the  Lord." 

20  So  the  people  shouted  when  the  priests  blew  with  the  trumpets ; 

and  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  people  heard  the  sound  of  the  trumpet, 

j  He.  11. 30.         and  the  people  shouted  with  a  great  shout,  that  ^  the  wall  fell  down 

*  Heb.  under  it.     #flat,  SO  that  the  peoplc  went  up  into  the  city,  every  man  straight 

*De.7.2.  before  him,  and  they  took  the  city,  ^i  And  they  "utterly  destroyed  all 

that  was  in  the  city,  both  man  and  woman,  young  and  old,  and  ox, 

and  sheep,  and  ass,  with  the  edge  of  the  sword.  ^^  (But  Joshua  had 

said  unto  the  two  men  that  had  spied  out  the  country,  "  Go  into  the 

harlot's  house,  and  bring  out  thence  the  woman,  and  all  that  she  hath, 

/Job.  2. 14.  He.    'as  ye  swarc  unto  her."  ^^  And  the  young  men  that  were  spies  went  in, 

"■  ^^"  and  brought  out  Rahab,  and  her  father,  and  her  mother,  and  her  breth- 

t  Heh.famaies.     j-gn,  and  all  that  she  had  ;  and  they  brought  out  all  her  tkindred,  and  left 

them  without  the  camp  of  Israel.  ^4  And  they  burnt  the  city  with  fire, 

and  all  that  was  therein  ;  only  the  silver,  and  the  gold,  and  the  vessels 

of  brass  and  of  iron,  they  put  into  the  treasury  of  the  house  of  the 

Lord.  ^^  And  Joshua  saved  Rahab  the  harlot  alive,  and  her  father's 

mSeeMat.1. 5.    houschold,  and  all  that  she  had;  and  '"she  dwelleth  in  Israel   even 

unto  this  day  ;  because  she  hid  the  messengers,  which  Joshua  sent  to 

spy  out  Jericho. 

«iKi.  16.34.  26  And  Joshua  adjured  them  at  that  time,  saying,  ''Cursed  "be  the 

man  before  the  Lord,  that  riseth  up  and  buildeth  this   city  Jericho  ; 

he  shall  lay  the  foundation  thereof  in  his  firstborn,  and  in  his  youngest 

son  shall  he  set  up  the  gates  of  it."  ^7  So  the  Lord  was  with  Joshua ; 

■ and  his  fame  was  noised  throughout  all  the  country. 

SECT.  VI.  Section  "VI. —  The  Capture  of  Ai. 

Joshua  vii.  and  viii.  1-29. 
\  r  Wil  '       The  Israelites  are  smitten  at  Ai.    G  Joshua's  complaint.     10  God  instnicteth  him  what  to  do.     16 
H.'.^l   1607  Achan  is  taken  by  lot.     19  His  confession,     tl  He  and  all  he  had  are  destroyed  in  the  valley  of 

MALES,  iDU(.  ^c/(or.  — Chap.  viii.  1  God  encourageth  Joshua,     d  The  stratagem  whereby  Aiioas  taken.     29 

•^''  The  king  thereof  is  hanged. 

1  But  the  children  of  Israel  committed  a  trespass  in  the  accursed 
♦  ich.2.7,  thino-;  for  *Achan,  the  son  of  Carmi,  the  son  of  tZabdi,  the  son  of 
Acur.so..^.    ^^^"^'^  ^^  ^^^  ^^^^^   ^^  inM^,  took  of  the   accursed  thing,  and  the 

anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against  the  children  of  Israel. 


t  Or,  Zimri, 
1  Ch.2.  6. 


VOL. 


2b 


326  THE  CAPTURE  OF   AI.  [Period  IV. 

-  And  Joshua  sent  men  from  Jericho  to  Ai,  which  is  beside  Beth- 

aven,  on  the  east  side  of  Beth-el,  and  spake  unto  them,  saying,  "  Go 

up  and  view  the  country."     And  the  men  went  up  and  viewed   Ai. 

^  And  they  returned  to  Joshua,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Let  not  all  the 

X  Heb.  about  2000  peoplc  go  up,  but  let  tabout  two  or  three  thousand  men  go   up  and 

^"dm^!^""'     smite  a1  ;  and  make  not  all  the  people  to   labor  thither,  for  they  are 

but  few."  "*  So  there  went  up  thither  of  the  people  about  three  thou- 

aLe.26. 17.  De.  g^nd  men  ;  "and  they  fled  before  the  men  of  Ai.  ^  And  the  men  of  Ai 

^"    '  smote  of  them  about  thirty  and  six  men  ;  for  they  chased  them  from 

*oz,inMorad.     bcforc  thc  gate  even  unto  Shebarim,  and  smote  them  *in  the  going 

J  Le.26. 36.  Pa.  dowu  :  whereforc  Hhe  hearts  of  the  people  melted,  and  became  as  water. 

£  Ge.^7. 29, 31.         ^  And  Joshua  'rent  his  clothes,  and  fell  to  the  earth  upon  his  face 

before  the  ark  of  the  Lord  until  the  even-tide,  he  and   the   elders  of 

d  See  Job  2. 12.     Israel,  and  ''put  dust  upon  their  heads.  'And  Joshua  said,  "Alas,  O 

"^  Ex^5. 22.  2  Ki.  Lord  God  !  'wherefore  hast  thou  at  all  brought  this  people  over  Jordan, 

to  deliver  us  into  the  hand  of  the  Amorites,  to  destroy  us  ?  would  to 

God  we  had  been  content,  and  dwelt  on  the  other  side  Jordan  !  ^  O 

t  Heb.  necks.       LoRD,  what  shall   I  say,  when  Israel  turneth  their  fbacks  before  their 

enemies  !  ^  For    the  Canaanites  and  all   the  inhabitants  of  the  land 

/P9.83.4.  sj^aii  hear  of  it,  and  shall  environ  us  round,  and -^cut  off"  our  name 

^  See  Ex.  32.  12.  from  the  earth  ;  and  ^what  wilt  thou  do  unto  thy  great  name  ?  " 

t^Heb!/JL.  ^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  "  Get  thee  up  ;  wherefore  tliest 

thou  thus  upon  thy  face  ?  ^^  Israel  hath  sinned,  and  they  have  also 

transgressed  my  covenant  which  I  commanded  them  ;  for  they  have 

ASee  Actss.  1,2.  even  taken  of  the  accursed  thing,  and  have  also  stolen,  and  Vlissem- 

bled  also,  and  they  have  put  it  even  among  their  own  stuff".  ^^  There- 

'fu%^i4  ^"^^  ^^'  ^^^^  '^^^  children  of  Israel  could  not  stand  before  their  enemies,  but 

;De.7.26".  Jos. 6.  tumcd  their  backs  before  their  enemies,  because  nhey  were  accursed  ; 

^^-  neither  will  I  be  with  you  any  mbre,  except  ye  destroy  the  accursed 

*  Ex.  19.10.        from  among  you.  *^  Up,  ^sanctify  the  people,  and  say.  Sanctify  your- 

selves against   to-morrow  ;  for  thus  saith  the   Lord  God   of    Israel, 

There  is  an  accursed  thing  in  the  midst  of  thee,  O  Israel !  thou  canst 

not  stand  before  thine  enemies,  until  ye  take  away  the  accursed  thing 

from    among  you.  ^^In   the  morning  therefore  ye  shall   be  brought 

J Pr.  16.33.         according  to  your  tribes:  and  it  shall  be,  that  the  tribe  which  'the 

Lord  taketh  shall  come  according  to  the  families   thereof ;  and   the 

family  which  the  Lord  shall  take  shall  come  by  households ;   and  the 

household  which  the  Lord  shall  take  shall  come  man  by  man.  ^^  And 

m  See  1  Sa.  14.  "j^  g^all  be,  that  he  that  is  taken  with  the  accursed  thing  shall  be  burnt 

^'^^"  with   fire,  he  and  all  that  he  hath  ;  because  he  hath  transgressed  the 

•  Or,  wickediuss.  covcnaut  of  the  Lord,  and  because  he  hath  wrought  *folly  in  Israel." 
Ge.  34. 7.  jg  g^  Joshua  rosc  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  brought   Israel  by 

their  tribes ;  and  the  tribe  of  Judah  was  taken.  ^ '  And  he  brought  the 
family  of  Judah  ;  and  he  took  the  family  of  the  Zarhites :  and  he 
brought  the  family  of  the  Zarhites  man  by  man  ;  and  Zabdi  was  taken. 
18  And  he  brought  his  household  man  by  man  ;  and  Achan,  the  son 
of  Carmi,  the  son  of  Zabdi,  the  son  of  Zerah,  of  the  tribe  of  Judah, 
n  1  Sa.  14. 42.      "vvas  taken. 

0  See  isa.  6.^5.^  V.)  ^^d  Joshua  Said  unto  Achan,  "  My  son  !  "give,  I  pray  thee,  glory 
9.'^:  ■  °  "  to  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  "and  make  confession  unto  him  ;  and  'tell 
'2Ch.3o.22.'i'8.  me  now  what  thou  hast  done  ;  hide  it  not  from  me."  ~"  And  Achan 
51.3:  Dar9.4.    auswcrcd  Joshua,  and  said,  "  Indeed  I  have  sinned  against  the  Lord 

,lSa.  14.43.  ^^^  ^^    j^^^^j^  ^^^j   ^j^^^  ^j^^j    ^j^^jg   j^j^^.^   J   ^^^^      21  ^yj^^^^   j   ^^^^  amOUg 

the  spoils  a  goodly  Babylonish   garment,  and  two  hundred  shekels  of 

tHeb.tonf.«.      silver,  and  a  twcdgc   of  gold   of  fifty  shekels   weight,  then  I  coveted 

them,  and  took  them  ;  and,  behold,  they  are  hid  in   the  earth  in  the 

midst  of  my  tent,  and  the  silver  under  it."  ^'-  So  Joshua  sent  messen- 


s  1  Ch.  2, 
5.  12. 


Part  I.]  THE  CAPTURE  OF  Al.  327 

gers,  and  they  ran  unto  the  tent ;  and,  behold,  it  was  hid  in  his  tent, 
and  the  silver  under  it.  -^  And  they  took  them  out  of  the  midst  of  the 
tent,  and  brought  them  unto  Joshua,  and  unto  all  the  children  of 

tHeb.  poured.      jgrael,  and  tlaid  them  out  before  the  Lord. 

2^  And  Joshua,  and  all  Israel  with  him,  took  Achan  the  son  of  Zerah, 
and  the  silver,  and  the  garment,  and  the  wedge  of  gold,  and  his  sons, 
and  his  daughters,  and  his  oxen,  and  his  asses,  and  his  sheep,  and  his 

rJo3. 15.7.  tgj^t^  a.nd  all  that  he  had;  and  they  brought  them  unto '^ the  valley  of 
7.  Gal.  Achor.  2^  And  Josima  said,  "  Why  'hast  thou  troubled  us  ?  the  Lord 
5.  shall  trouble  thee  this  day."   'And  all  Israel  stoned  him  with  stones,  and 

burned  them  with  fire,  after  they  had  stoned  them  with  stoiies.  ^^  And 

\1  3%3^"  ^^'    *^^y  "raised  over  him  a  great  heap  of  stones  unto  this  day.      So  "the 

V  De.  13.  17.      Lord  turned  from  the  fierceness  of  his  anger.     Wherefore  the  naaie  of 

JiTef  10^  Ho   that  place  was  called,  the  "valley  of  *  Achor,  unto  this  day. 

\'i5.  ■    ■      ■       1  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  "  Fear  'not,  neither  be      -^^JjJ"- 

I  ITiVrs^^i  thou  dismayed  ;  take  all  the  people  of  war  with  thee,  and  arise, 

^8.\3i.8.  ■  go  up  to  Ai.  See,  I  have  given  into  thy  hand  the  king  of  Ai,  and  his 
people,  and  his  city,  and  his  land.  ^  And  thou  shalt  do  to  Ai  and  her 

y  De.  20. 14.  j^j^g  ^g  ^j^Qy  ^jijjgt  y^to  Jcricho  and  her  king  ;  only  ^the  spoil  thereof, 
and  the  cattle  thereof,  shall  ye  take  for  a  prey  unto  yourselves.  Lay 
thee  an  ambush  for  the  city  behind  it." 

^  So  Joshua  arose,  and  all  the  people  of  war,  to  go  up  against  Ai ;  and 
Joshua  chose  out  thirty  thousand  mighty  men  of  valor,  and  sent  them 

zJu.20.29.  away  by  night.  "^  And  he  commanded  them,  saying,  "  Behold,  ""ye  shall 
lie  in  wait  against  the  city,  even  behind  the  city ;  go  not  very  far  from 
the  city,  but  be  ye  all  ready.  ^  And  I,  and  all  the  people  that  are  with 
me,  will  approach  unto  the  city  ;  and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  they 

aju.20.32.         come  out  against  us,  as  at  the  first,  "that  we  will  flee  before  them  ^  (for 

t  Heh. pulled.  tjjey  will  come  out  after  us),  till  we  have  tdrawn  them  from  the  city  ;  for 
they  will  say,  They  flee  before  us,  as  at  the  first ;  therefore  we  will  flee 
before  them.  '^  Then  ye  shall  rise  up  from  the  ambush,  and  seize  upon 
the  city ;  for  the  Lord  your  God  will  deliver  it  into  your  hand.  ^  And 
it  shall  be,  when  ye  have  taken  the  city,  that  ye  shall  set  the  city  on 

6 2  sa.  13.28.  fire  ;  according  to  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  shall  ye  do.  'See  ! 
I  have  commanded  you." 

9  Joshua  therefore  sent  them  forth  ;  and  they  went  to  lie  in  ambush, 
and  abode  between  Beth-el  and  Ai,  on  the  west  side  of  Ai :  but  Joshua 
lodged  that  night  among  the  people.  ^°  And  Joshua  rose  up  early  in  the 
morning,  and  numbered  the  people,  and  went  up,  he  and  the  elders  of 
Israel,  before  the  people  to  Ai.  '^  And  all  the  people,  even  the  people 
of  war  that  were  with  him,  went  up,  and  drew  nigh,  and  came  before  the 
city,  and  pitched  on  the  north  side  of  Ai :  now  there  was  a  valley  be- 
tween them  and  Ai.  ^^  And  he  took  about  five  thousand  men,  and  set 

t  Oi,ofAi.  them  to  lie  in  ambush  between  Beth-el  and  Ai,  on  the  west  side  tof  the 
city.  1^  And  when  they  had  set  the  people,  even  all  the  host  that  was  on 

*.Heb..tAar^¥»g-  thc  iiorth  of  thc  city,  and  *their  Hers  in  wait  on  the  west  of  the  city, 
Joshua  went  that  night  into  the  midst  of  the  valley. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  king  of  Ai  saw  it,  that  they  hasted 
and  rose  up  early,  and  the  men  of  the  city  went  out  against  Israel  to  bat- 
tle, he  and  all  his  people,  at  a  time  appointed,  before  the  plain  ;  but  he 

<=  Juj20.  34.  Ec.  "^^ist  not  that  there  w^ere  liers  in  ambush  against  him  behind  the  city. 

/ju!  20. 36,  &c.  ^^  And  Joshua  and  all  Israel  ''made  as  if  they  were  beaten  before  them, 
and  fled  by  the  way  of  the  wilderness.  ^'^  And  all  the  people  that  were 
in  Ai  were  called  together  to  pursue  after  them  ;  and  they  pursued  after 
Joshua,  and  were  drawn  away  from  the  city.  ^''  And  there  was  not  a 
man  left  in  Ai  or  Beth-el,  that  went  not  out  after  Israel ;  and  they  left 
the  city  open,  and  pursued  after  Israel. 


328  HISTORY  OF  THE  GIBEONITES.  [Period  IV. 

^^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  "  Stretch  out  the  spear  that  is  in 
thy  hand  toward  Ai ;  for  I  will  give  it  into  thy  hand."  And  Joshua 
stretched  out  the  spear  that  he  had  in  his  hand  toward  the  city.  ^^  And 
the  ambush  arose  quickly  out  of  their  place,  and  they  ran  as  soon  as  he 
had  stretched  out  his  hand  ;  and  they  entered  into  the  city,  and  took  it, 
and  hasted  and  set  the  city  on  fire.  ~^  And  when  the  men  of  Ai  looked 
behind  them,  they  saw,  and,  behold  !  the  smoke  of  the  city  ascended  up 

fHeb  hand.  ^q  hcaveii,  and  they  had  no  f  power  to  flee  this  way  or  that  way  ;  and 
the  people  that  fled  to  the  wilderness  turned  back  upon  the  pursuers. 
21  And  when  Joshua  and  all  Israel  saw  that  the  ambush  had  taken  the 
city,  and  that  the  smoke  of  the  city  ascended,  then  they  turned  again, 
and  slew  the  men  of  Ai.  ^'^  And  the  other  issued  out  of  the  city  against 
them  ;  so  they  were  in  the  midst  of  Israel,  some  on  this  side,  and  some 

« De.  7. 2.  on  that  side  :  and  they  smote  them,  so  that  they  'let  none  of  them  re- 

main or  escape.  -^  And  the  king  of  Ai  they  took  alive,  and  brought  him 
to  Joshua. 

2^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Israel  had  made  an  end  of  slaying  all 
the  inhabitants  of  Ai  in  the  field,  in  the  wilderness  wherein  they  chased 
them,  and  when  they  were  all  fallen  on  the  edge  of  the  sword,  until  they 
were  consumed,  that  all  the  Israelites  returned  unto  Ai,  and  smote  it 
with  the  edge  of  the  sword.  ^^  And  so  it  was,  that  all  that  fell  that  day, 
both  of  meri  and  women,  were  twelve  thousand,  even  all  the  men  of 
Ai.  -'^  For  Joshua  drew  not  his  hand  back,  wherewith  he  stretched  out 
the  spear,  until  he  had  utterly  destroyed  all  the  inhabitants  of  Ai.  ^'  Only 

/Nu.  31. 22,26.  /ji^g  cattle  and  the  spoil  of  that  city  Israel  took  for  a  prey  unto  them- 
selves, according  unto  the  word  of  the  Lord  which  he  commanded 

^De.  13. 16.        Joshua.  ^^  And  Joshua  burnt  Ai,  and  made  it  ^a  heap  for  ever,  even  a 

Vo7!'4o:  &■  no!  desolation  unto  this  day.  -^  And  Hhe  king  of  Ai  he  hanged  on  a  tree  until 

i  De  oi  23  even-tide  ;  'and  as  soon  as  the  sun  was  down,  Joshua  commanded  that 
they  should  take  his  carcass  down  from  the  tree,  and  cast  it  at  the  en- 

j  Jos.  10. 27.        tering  of  the  gate  of  the  city,  and^raise  thereon  a  great  heap  of  stones, 

that  remaineth  unto  this  day.*'^ 

SECT.  vu.  Section  VIL — History  of  the  Gibeonites  ; — Conquest  ofthefve  Kings. 

A   lvT~2553.  Joshua  ix.  and  x. 

B  C '  1451  '  The  Mno-s  combine  against  Israel.     3  The  Gibeonites  by  craft  obtain  a  league.     16  For  ichich  they 

H.',  ri,    1607  nre  condemned  to  petyetual  bondage.  —  Chap.  x.  1  Five  kings  war  against  G^beon.     6  Joshua 

"        '  rescueth  it      10  God  fighteih  against  them  with  hailstones.     12  The  sun  and  moon  stand  stdl  at 

^•'Sal-  the  word  of  Joshua.     16  Thefve  kings  are   mured  in   a   cave.     21  They  are  brought  forth,  24 

scornfully  used,  26  and  hanged.    28  Set-en  kiJigs  more  are  conquered.    43  Joshua  retumeth  to 

Gilgal. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  the  kings  which  were  on  this  side  Jor- 
a  Nu.  34. 6.  dan,  in  the  hills,  and  in  the  valleys,  and  in  all  the  coasts  of  "the  great  sea 
J  Ex.  3. 17.&23.  over  against  Lebanon,  Hhe  Hittite,  and  the  Amorite,  the  Canaanite,  the 
^s  83  3  5  Perizzite,  the  Hivite,  and  the  Jebusite,  heard  thereof;  "^  that  they  gath- 
'  ''    '  '  '       ered  themselves  together,  to  fight  with  Joshua  and  with  Israel,  with  one 

*  Heb.  m<nUh.  *acCOrd. 

d  2  sa.  21. 1, 2.         3  ^j^^  when  the  inhabitants  of  ''Gibeon  'heard  what  Joshua  had  done 
e  Jos.  6. 27.         ^^^^  Jericho  and  to  Ai,  •»  they  did  work  wilily,  and  went  and  made  as  if 
they  had  been  ambassadors,  and  took  old  sacks  upon  their  asses,  and 
wine  bottles,  old,  and  rent,  and  bound  up  ;  ^  and  old  shoes  and  clouted 
upon  their  feet,  and  old  garments  upon  them  ;  and  all  the  bread  of  their 
/Jos.  5. 10.  provision  was  dry  and  mouldy.  ''And  they  went  to  Joshua -^unto  the 

camp  at  Gilgal,  and  said  unto  him,  and  to  the  men  of  Israel,  "  We  be 

(5)  The  last  six  versps  of  this  chapter  are   mis-  tar  at  Mount  Ebal  was  probably  after  the  conquest 

placed.     Joshua  at  this  time  was  at  a  great  distance  of  the  northern  kingdoms  when  the  land  rested  from 

from  Mount  Ebal,  namely  at  Gilgal,  where  he  made  war,  for  the  remainder  of  Joshua  s  days      I  should 

his  head   quarters   till   the    total    reduction   of  the  conjecture  that  those  six  verses  shou  d  be  annexed 

southern  quarter  of  the  country.  See  chap.  ix.  6,  and  to  chapter  xi. ,  after  the  vvords  "  and  the  land  rested 

chap  X  6, 7, 9,  43.  The  erection  of  the  pillar  and  al-  from  war."— Horsley  s  Bib.  CrU.  vol.  i.  p.  2b0. 


h  Ex.  23.  32. 
7.  2.  &  20 
Ju.  2.  2. 

De. 

.  16. 

tDe 
10. 

.20. 
5. 

11. 

2Ki. 

jDe 

.20. 

15. 

i  Ex.  15. 
2.  10. 

14. 

Jos. 

JNu 

.21. 

24, 

33. 

Part  L]  HISTORY  OF  THE  GIBEONITES.  339 

come  from  a  far  country  ;  now  therefore  make  ye  a  league  with  us." 
^  Jos.  11. 19.  7  ^Ynd  the  men  of  Israel  said  unto  the  ^Hivites,  "  Peradventure  ye  dwell 
among  us  ;  ''and  how  shall  we  make  a  league  with  you  ? "  s  ^jj^j 
they  said  unto  Joshua,  "  We  'are  thy  servants."  And  Joshua  said 
unto  them,  "  Who  are  ye  ?  and  from  whence  come  ye  ?"  ^  And  they 
said  unto  him,  "  From  ^a  very  far  country  thy  servants  are  come  because 
of  the  name  of  the  Lord  thy  God :  for  we  have  '^'heard  the  fame  of  him, 
and  all  that  he  did  in  Egypt,  ^^  and  'all  that  he  did  to  the  two  kings 
of  the  Amorites,  that  were  beyond  Jordan,  to  Sihon  king  of  Heshbon, 
and  to  Og  king  of  Bashan,  which  was  at  Ashtaroth.  ^^  Wherefore  our 
elders  and  all  the  inhabitants  of  our  country  spake  to  us,  saying,  '  Take 
^hmd'  "'  '"'""'^  victuals  f with  you  for  the  journey,  and  go  to  meet  them,  and  say  unto 
them.  We  are  your  servants  ;  therefore  now  make  ye  a  league  with  us.' 
^^  This  our  bread  we  took  hot  for  our  provision  out  of  our  houses  on 
the  day  we  came  forth  to  go  unto  you  ;  but  now,  behold,  it  is  dry, 
and  it  is  mouldy  :  ^^  and  these  bottles  of  wine,  which  we  filled,  were 
new  ;  and,  behold,  they  be  rent :  and  these  our  garments  and  our  shoes 
X  Or,  they  received  are  bccomc  old  by  reason  of  the  very  long  journey."  ^^  And  tthe  men 

the  men  by  reason  i        /■     i      •        •  i       „,         i        i       i  i  i  i        /•    i       t 

nf  their  victuals,    took  oi  their  victuais,    and  asked  not  counsel  at  the  mouth  oi  the  Lord. 

"so"!' I!" lee  Ju!  ^^  And  Joshua  "made  peace  with  them,  and  made  a  league  with  them, 
10  ^'5'=!  ^|-,^'^-  to  let  them  live  ;  and  the  princes  of  the  congregation  sware  unto  them. 

n2Sa.  21. 2.  ^'^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  three  days  after  they  had  made 

a  league  with  them,  that  they  heard  that  they  were  their  neighbours, 
and  that  they  dwelt  among  them.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  jour- 
neyed, and  came  unto  their  cities  on  the  third  day.     Now  their  cities 

0  Ezra  2. 25.        wcrc  "Gibcon,  and  Chephirah,  and  Beeroth,  and  Kirjath-jearim.  ^^  And 

p Be. 5.2.  Ps.i5.  ^j^Q  children  of  Israel  smote  them  not, ^because  the  princes  of  the  con- 
gregation had  sworn  unto  them  by  the  Lord  God  of  Israel.  And  all 
the  congregation  murmured  against  the  princes.  ^^But  all  the  princes 
said  unto  all  the  congregation,  "  We  have  sworn  unto  them  by  the 
Lord  God   of  Israel :  now  therefore  we  may  not  touch  them.  ^°  This 

5  See  2  sa.  21. 1,  we  will  do  to  them  ;  we  will  even  let  them  live,  lest  'wrath  be   upon 
15,18,19.  ze.5.'  US,  bccausc  of  thc  oath  which  we  sware  unto  them."  "^  And  the  princes 

r"i)e  29'^!!^  ^     ^'^^^  ^"^^  them,  "  Let  them   live,  but   let   them  be  ''hewers   of  wood 

a  Or,  because.—  and  drawcrs  of  water  unto  all  the  congregation  ;"  *as  the  princes  had 

•^''  promised  them. 

~^And  Joshua  called  for  them,  and  he  spake  unto  them,   saying, 
"  Wherefore  have  ye  beguiled  us,  saying,  '  We  are  very  far  from  you  ; ' 

*seeGe.9. 25.     when  yc  dwcll  among  us?  ^^  Now  therefore  ye  are  ^cursed,  and  there 

*ueh.j,ot  be  cut  siiall  *none  of  you  be  freed  from  being  bondmen,  and  hewers  of  wood 
and  drawers  of  water  for  the  house  of  my  God."  ^'^  And  they  answered 
Joshua,  and  said,  "  Because  it  was  certainly  told  thy  servants,  how  that 

f  Ex.  23. 32.  De.  the  LoRD  thy  God  'commanded  his  servant  Moses  to  give  you  all  the 
land,  and  to  destroy  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  land  from  before  you, 

u  Ex.  15. 14.        "therefore  we  were  sore  afraid  of  our  lives  because  of  you,  and  have 

V  Ge.  16. 6.  done  this  thing.  ^^  And  now,  behold,  we  are  "in  thy  hand  ;  as  it  seemeth 
good  and  right  unto  thee  to  do  unto  us,  do."  ^'^And  so  did  he  unto 
them,  and  dehvered  them  out  of  the  hand  of  the  children  of  Israel,  that 

Kfih^eTlo'b°^'  they  slew  them  not.  '^'^  And  Joshua  tmade  them  that  day  hewers  of  wood 
icii.  9.2.  Ezra  and  drawers  of  water  for  the  congregation,  and  for  the  altar  of  the 

ic  lie.  12. 5.         Lord,  even  unto  this  day,  "in  the  place  which  he  should  choose. 

^  Now  it  came  to  pass,  when  Adoni-zedec  king  of  Jerusalem         jos.  x. 
had  heard  how  Joshua  had  taken  Ai,  and  had  utterly  de- 

rjog.  6. 21.         stroyed  it,  (as  ""he  had  done  to  Jericho  and  her  king,  so  he  had  done 

\l°;-  ^-  ^^  ^^^  to  ^Ai  and  her  king ;)  and  how  the  inhabitants  '"'of  Gibeon  had  made 

(")  The  Gibeonites,  being  thus  preserved  among     future   generations  of  the  truth  of  the  events  re- 
the  Israelites,  became  a  standing  monument  to  all     corded  in  the  Book  of  Joshua.     The  people  beheld 

VOL.  I.  42  2  B* 


330  CONQUEST  OF  THE  FIVE  KINGS.  [Period  IV, 

lEi.  15.  14-16.  peace  with  Israel,  and  were  among  them  ;  -that  they  "feared  greatly, 
tUf^h.  cities  of  tM  because  Gibeon  was  a  great  city,  as  one  of  the  Iroyal  cities,  and  be- 
kingdom.  cause  it  was  greater  than  Ai,  and  all  the  men  thereof  were  mighty. 

^  Wherefore  Adoni-zedec  king  of  Jerusalem  sent  unto  Hohani  king  of 
Hebron,  and  unto  Piram  king  of  Jarmuth,  and  unto  Japhia  king  of 
Lachish,  and  unto  Debir  king  of  Eglon,  saying,  '' "  Come  up  unto  me, 
and  help  me,  that  we  may  smite  Gibeon  ;  for  it  hath  made  peace  with 
Joshua  and  with  the  children  of  Israel."  ^Therefore  the  five  kings  of 
the  Amorites,  the  king  of  Jerusalem,  the  king  of  Hebron,  the  king  of 
Jarmuth,  the  king  of  Lachish,  the  king  of  Eglon,  gathered  themselves 
together,  and  went  up,  they  and  all  their  hosts,  and  encamped  before 
Gibeon,  and  made  war  against  it. 
ajos.  5. 10.  ^And  the  men  of  Gibeon  sent  unto  Joshua  "to  the  camp  to  Gilgal, 

saying,  "  Slack  not  thy  hand  from  thy  servants,  come  up  to  us  quickly, 
and  save  us,  and  help  us  ;  for  all  the  kings  of  the  Amorites  that  dwell 
in  the  mountains  are  gathered  together  against  us."  '^So  Joshua  as- 
cended from  Gilgal,  he,  and  all  the  people  of  war  with  him,  and  all  the 
mighty  men  of  valor, 
ft  Jos.  11.  6.  ju.  8^j^^  ^]-,g  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  ".Fear  Hhem  not ;  for  I  have  de- 
c  Jos.  1.5.  livered  them  into  thy  hand,  "there  shall  not  a  man  of  them  stand  before 

thee."  ''Joshua    therefore    came  unto  them  suddenly,   and  went  up 
V"io^V2^"ps  ^s'  ^^^^  Gilgal  all  night.  ^'^  And  the  Lord  ''discomfited  them  before  Israel, 
14.  Is.  28. 21.     and  slew  them  with  a  great  slaughter  at  Gibeon,  and  chased  them  along 
«jos.  16.3,5.       the  way  that  goeth  up  'to  Beth-horon,  and  smote  them  to-^Azekah,  and 
/Jos.  15. 35.        yj-jjQ  Makkedah.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  they  fled  from  before  Israel, 
g  See  Ex.  9.  23.  and  wcrc  in  the  going  down  to  Beth-horon,  ^that  the  Lord  cast  down 
Rev.  16.  21.       great  stones  from  heaven  upon  them  unto  Azekah,  and  they  died  :  they 
were  more  which  died  with  hailstones  than  they  whom  the  children  of 
Israel  slew  with  the  sword. 

^~  Then  spake  Joshua  to  the  Lord  in  the  day  when  the  Lord  deliv- 
ered up  the  Amorites  before  the  children  of  Israel,  and  he  said  in  the 
sight  of  Israel, — 
*  Heb.  be  siimi.  "  Suu,  *stand  thou  still  upon  Gibeon  ! 

T      »)w(    oi       H'lh 

3.n.""  ■        ■  And  thou.  Moon,  in  the  valley  of  ''Ajalon  !  " 

Aju.  12. 12.  13  Aj^(J  thg  sun  stood  still,  and  the  moon  stayed,  until  the  people  had 
issa.  1. 18.  avenged  themselves  upon  their  enemies.  'Is  not  this  written  in  The 
tor^TTkeCTp-  Book  of  f  Jashcr  ?  So  the  sun  stood  still  in  the  midst  of  heaven,  and  hasted 
jseeis.  38. 8.  Hot  to go  dowu  about  a  whole  day,  ^'^  And  there  was  ^no  day  like  that 
before  it,  or  after  it,  that  the  Lord  hearkened   unto  the   voice  of  a 

*^e._^l.  30.    Jos.    ^^^^  .   ^^j.   ,j,^g   L^^j^   f^^jg^^  f^j.    Ig,.^el  (7) 

^^And  Joshua  returned,  and  all  Israel  with  him,  unto  the  camp  to 
Gilgal.  ^^  But  these  five  kings  fled,  and  hid  themselves  in  a  cave  at 
Makkedah.  ^^  And  it  was  told  Joshua,  saying,  "  The  five  kings  are 
found  hid  in  acave  at  Makkedah."  I'^And  Joshua  said, '"  Roll  great  stones 
upon  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  and  set  men  by  it  for  to  keej)  them.  ^^  And 
^toif'""  "■^''^  stay  ye  not,  but  pursue  after  your  enemies,  and  tsmite  the  hindmost  of 

among  them  a  tribe  of  the  ancient  Canaanitcs   re-  of  the  true  God ;  and  thereby  to  contribute  to  the 

duced  to  servitude  :  and  they  must  liave  received  more  effectual  conquest  of  their  own  worshippers. 

the  same  kind  of  lesson  from  observing  them,  and  It  was  a  miracle  of  the  same  description  as  those 

associating  with  them,  as  the  Christian^of  the  prcs-  which  had  been  wrought  in  Egypt.     With   respect 

ent  day  may  derive   from  looking  upon  the   .lews,  to  the  objections  to  tlic  probability  of  this  miracle, 

and  rememberinir  the  ancient  prophecies  of  Moses,  which  originate  in  a  consideration  of  its  supposi d 

Isaiah,  and  others ;  who  have   as  clearly  described  consequences,  it  is  justly  observed  by  Bishop  Wat- 

their  present  degraded  condition  and  dispersion,  as  son,  "  The  machine  of  Uie  universe  is  in  the  hand 

they  have  tlieir  future  restoration.  of  God  ;  lie  can  stop  the  motion  of  any  part,  or  of 

(7)  The  object  of  this  miracle,  which  Mr.  Bryant,  the  whole,  with  less  trouble,  than  either  of  us  can 

Whiston,  and  others  have  endeavoured  to  explain  stop  a  watch." — How  absurd   then    is    the   reason-^ 

away,  was  one  of  the  most  important  and  impres-  ing  of  those  men,  who  believe  in  the  e.xistcnce  of 

sive   nature.     The   Sun    and    the    Moon,  the    two  an  Omnipotent  God  ;  yet  deny  the  possibility  of  the 

principal  gods  of  the  idolaters,  were  commanded  to  exertion  of  his  power,  in  other  ways,  than  those 

yield    miraculous    obedience    to  the  chief  servant  which  are  known  to  their  limited  experience  ' 


Part  1.]  CONQUEST  OF  THE  FIVE  KINGS.  331 

them  ;  suffer  them  not  to  enter  into  their  cities,  for  the  Lord  your  God 
hath  dehvered  them  into  your  hand."  -'^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
Joshua  and  the  children  of  Israel  had  made  an  end  of  slaying  them 
with  a  very  great  slaughter,  till  they  were  consumed,  that  the  rest  which 
remained  of  them  entered  into  fenced  cities,  ^i  And  all  the  people  re- 
z  Ex.  11. 7.  turned  to  the  camp  to  Joshua  at  Makkedah  in  peace  ;  'none  moved  his 

tongue  against  any  of  the  children  of  Israel. 

2^  Then  said  Joshua,  "  Open  the  mouth  of  the  cave,  and  bring  out 

those  five  kings  unto  me  out  of  the  cave."  ^^  And  they  did  so,  and 

brought  forth  those  five  kings  unto  him  out  of  the  cave,  the   king   of 

Jerusalem,  the  king  of  Hebron,  the  king  of  Jarmuth,  the  king  of  La- 

chish,   and   the  king   of  Eglon.  -"'And   it  came   to  pass,  when   they 

brought  out  those  kings  unto  Joshua,  that  Joshua  called  for  all  the  men 

of  Israel,  and  said  unto  the  captains  of  the  men  of  war  which  went 

"fo's^^&i^  f  with  him,  "  Come  near,  "put  your  feet  upon  the  necks  of  these  kings." 

9.  Is."  26.  5,'  6.'  And  they  came  near,  and  put  their  feet  upon  the  necks  of  them.  ^^And 

n'oe'  tf'e  8     Joshua  said  unto  them,  "  Fear  "not,  nor  be  dismayed,  be  strong  and 

Jos.  1.9.   '        Qf  gQo^l  courage;  for  "thus  shall  the  Lord  do  to  all  your  enemies 

oDe.3.21.  &  7.  ^^^j^^g^  ^^j^^,^^  y^  flgf^^  >'  26  ^nd  aftcrward  Joshua  smote  them,  and  slew 

pjoa.8.29.         ^i^g„-j^  j^j-^fl  hanged  them  on  five  trees;  and  they  ^were  hanging  upon 

the  trees  until  the  evening.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  time  of  the 

5De.21.23.        going  down  of  the  sun,  that  Joshua  commanded,  and  they  'took  them 

down  off  the  trees,  and  cast  them  into  the  cave  wherein  they  had  been 

hid,  and  laid  great  stones  in  the  cave's  mouth,  which  remain  until  this 

very  day. 

2s  And  that  day  Joshua  took  Makkedah,  and  smote  it  with  the  edge 
of  the  sword,  and  the  king  thereof  he  utterly  destroyed,  them,  and 
all  the  souls  that  were  therein,  (he  let  none  remain);  and  he  did  to 
r Jos. 6. 21.         the  king  of  Makkedah  'as  he  did  unto  the  king  of  Jericho. 

29  Then  Joshua  passed  from  Makkedah,  and  all  Israel  with  him,  unto 
Libnah,  and  fought  against  Libnah.  ^^  And  the  Lord  dehvered  it  also, 
and  the  king  thereof,  into  the  hand  of  Israel ;  and  he  smote  it  with 
the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  all  the  souls  that  were  therein ;  he  let 
none  remain  in  it,  but  did  unto  the  king  thereof  as  he  did  unto  the 
king  of  Jericho. 

31  And  Joshua  passed  from  Libnah,  and  all  Israel  with  him,  unto  La- 
chish,  and  encamped  against  it,  and  fought  against  it.  ^^  And  the  Lord 
delivered  Lachish  into  the  hand  of  Israel,  which  took  it  on  the  second 
day,  and  smote  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  all  the  souls  that 
were  therein,  according  to  all  that  he  had  done  to  Libnah. 

33  Then  Horam  king  of  Gezer  came  up  to  help  Lachish  ;  and  Joshua 
smote  him  and  his  people,  until  he  had  left  him  none  remaining. 

34  And  from  Lachish  Joshua  passed  unto  Eglon,  and  all  Israel  with 
him  ;  and  they  encamped  against  it,  and  fought  against  it.  35  And  they 
took  it  on  that  day,  and  smote  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  all 
the  souls  that  were  therein  he  utterly  destroyed  that  day,  according  to 
all  that  he  had  done  to  Lachish. 

36  And  Joshua  went  up  from  Eglon,  and  all   Israel  with  him,  unto 

'iTsi'ia.^ju.^i:  'Hebron  ;  and  they  fought  against  it.  37  And  they  took  it,  and  smote 

10-  '    '  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  the  king  thereof,  and  all  the  cities 

thereof,  and  all  the  souls  that  were  therein  ,  he  left   none  remaining, 

according  to  all  that  he  had  done  to  Eglon  ;  but  destroyed  it  utterly, 

and  all  the  souls  that  were  therein. 

^fThii.^^'  ^^'       ^^  And    Joshua  returned,  and  all  Israel  with  him,  'to   Debir,  and 

fought  against  it.  39  And  he  took  it,  and  the  king  thereof,  and  all  the 

cities  thereof ;  and  they  smote  them  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and 

utterly  destroyed  all  the  souls  that  were  therein  ;  he  left  none  remain- 


332 


THE  CONQUEST  OF  CANAAN  COMPLETED.        [Period  IV. 


ing :  as  he  had  done  to  Hebron,  so  he  did  to  Debir,  and  to  the  king 
thereof;  as  he  had  done  also  to  Libnah,  and  to  her  king. 

'^'^  So  Joshua  smote  all  the  country  of  the  hills,  and  of  the  south, 
and  of  the  vale,  and  of  the  springs,  and  all  their  kings ;  he  left  none 
remaining,  but  utterly  destroyed  all  that  breathed,  as  the  Lord  God 
u  De.  20. 16, 17.  of  Israel  "commanded.  '^^  And  Joshua  smote  them  from  Kadesh-barnea 
even  unto  ''Gaza,  '"and  all  the  country  of  Goshen,  even  unto  Gibeon. 
''-And  all  these  kings  and  their  land  did  Joshua  take  at  one  time,  be- 
cause the  Lord  God  of  Israel  fought  for  Israel.  ^-^  And  Joshua  returned, 
and  all  Israel  vv^ith  him,  unto  the  camp  to  Gilgal. 

Section  VIIL — The  Conquest  of  Canaan  completed. 

Joshua  xi.  and  viii.  30,  to  the  end. 

Divers  Iciiigs  overcome  at  the  waters  of  Merom.  10  Ilazor  is  taken  and  burnt.  16  All  the  cou7itry 
taken  by  Joshua.  21  The  Anakims  cut  off.  —  Chap.  viii.  30  Joshua  buildeth  an  altar,  32  writelh 
the  Law  on  stones,  33  a?id  propoundeth  blessi7igs  arid  cursings. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Jabin  king  of  Hazor  had  heard  those 
things,  that  he  sent  to  Jobab  king  of  Madon,  and  to  the  king  of  Shim- 
ron,  and  to  the  king  of  Achshaph,  -  and  to  the  kings  that  were  on  the 
north  of  the  mountains,  and  of  the  plains  south  of  "Chinneroth,  and 
in  the  valley,  and  in  the  borders  'of  Dor  on  the  west,  ^  and  to  the 
Canaanite  on  the  east  and  on  the  west,  and  to  the  Amorite,  and  the 
Hittite,  and  the  Perizzite,  and  the  Jebusite  in  the  mountains,  "and  to 
the  Hivite  under  Hermon  '^in  the  land  of  Mizpeh.  '^  And  they  went 
out,  they  and  all  their  hosts  with  them,  much  people,  'even  as  the 
sand  that  is  upon  the  sea  shore  in  multitude,  with  horses  and  chariots 
very  many.  ^  And  when  all  these  kings  were  *met  together,  they  came 
and  pitched  together  at  the  waters  of  Merom,  to  fight  against  Israel. 

^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Joshua,  "  Be  not  afraid  because  of  them  ; 
for  to-morrow  about  this  time  will  I  deliver  them  up  all  slain  before 
Israel :  thou  shalt  -^hough  their  horses,  and  burn  their  chariots  with 
fire."  ■''  So  Joshua  came,  and  all  the  people  of  war  with  him,  against 
them  by  the  waters  of  Merom  suddenly ;  and  they  fell  upon  them. 
^  And  the  Lord  delivered  them  into  the  hand  of  Israel,  who  smote  them, 
and  chased  them  unto  tGreat  Zidon,  and  unto  tMisrephoth-maim,  and 
unto  the  valley  of  Mizpeh  eastward  ;  and  they  smote  them,  until  they 
left  them  none  remaining.  '-^  And  Joshua  did  unto  them  as  the  Lord 
bade  him  ;  he  houghed  their  horses,  and  burnt  their  chariots  with  fire. 

^'^  And  Joshua  at  that  time  turned  back,  and  took  Hazor,  and  smote 
the  king  thereof  with  the  sword  ;  for  Hazor  beforetime  was  the  head 
of  all  those  kingdoms.  ^^  And  they  smote  all  the  souls  that  were  therein 
with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  utterly  destroying  them  ;  there  was  not 
*any  left  to  breathe  :  and  he  burnt  Hazor  with  fire.  ^-  And  all  the  cities 
of  those  kings,  and  all  the  kings  of  them,  did  Joshua  take,  and  smote 
them  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  he  utterly  destroyed  them,  ^as 
Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  commanded.  ^^  But  as  for  the  cities 
that  stood  still  tin  their  strength,  Israel  burned  none  of  them,  save 
Hazor  only  ;  that  did  Joshua  burn.  ^ '  And  all  the  spoil  of  these  cities, 
and  the  cattle,  the  children  of  Israel  took  for  a  prey  unto  themselves  ; 
but  every  man  they  smote  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  until  they  had 
destroyed  them,  neither  left  they  any  to  breathe. 

i^As  Hhe  Lord  commanded  Moses  his  servant,  so  *did  Moses  com- 
mand Joshua,  and  so  did  Joshua  ;  the  left  nothing  undone  of  all  that 
the  Lord  commanded  Moses.  ^^  So  Joshua  took  all  that  land,  the  hills, 
and  all  the  south  country,  and  all  the  land  of  Goshen,  and  the  valley, 
and  the  plain,  and  the  mountain  of  Israel,  and  the  valley  of  the  same  ; 
^■'even  from  *  the  Mount  Halak,  that  goeth  up  to  Seir,  even  unto  Baal- 
j Do. 7. 24.  gad  in  the  valley  of  Lebanon  under  Mount  Hermon:  and  ^ all  their 


V  Ge.  10.  19. 
loJos.  11.  16. 


SECT.  VIII. 

A.  M.  2559. 

B.  C.  1445. 
Hales,  1582. 

Merom. 


(  Ju.  1.  27.  1  Ki. 

4.  11. 


c  Ju.  3.  3. 
d  Go.  31.  49. 


e  Ge.  22. 17.  Ju. 

7.  12.  1  Sa.  13. 5. 


*  Heb.  assembled 
by  appointment. 


/•2Sa.  8.  4. 


t  Or,  Zidon-rab- 

bah. 
X  Or,  salt  pits. 

Heb.  burnings. 

Jos.  13.  6. 


'  Heb.  any  breath. 


/(Ex.  34.  n,12. 
i  De.  7.  2. 


I  Heb.  hcremovcd 
nothins. 


*  Or,  the  smooth 
mountain.  Jos. 
12.7. 


p^RT  I.]  THE  TRIBES  OF  REUBEN  AND  GAD  RETURN  HOME.       333 

t  Till  1445,  B.  c.  kings  ho  took,  and  smote  them,  and  slew  them.  ^^  Joshua  fmade  war 
""■  ~^'  a  lo'ng  time  with  all  those  kings. 

1^  There  was  not  a  city  that  made  peace  with  the  children  of  Israel, 
save  the  Hivites  the  inhabitants  of  Gibeon  ;  all  other  they  took  in 
fcDe.2.3o.Ju.     battle.  20For*itwas  of  the  Lord   to  harden  their   hearts,  that  they 
at'  ^i"  kti^\5.  should  come  against  Israel  in  battle,  that  he  might  destroy  them  utterly, 
^°-  ^-  "^-  and  that  they  might  have  no  favor,  but  that  he  might  destroy  them, 

I  Be.  20. 16, 17.     '^s  the  LoRD  Commanded  Moses. 

mNu.  13.22,33.  21  ^j^^j  ^t  that  time  camo  Joshua,  and  cut  ofl' "the  Anakims  from 
the  mountains,  from  Hebron,  from  Debir,  from  Anab,  and  from  all 
the  mountains  of  Judah,  and  from  all  the  mountains  of  Israel ;  Joshua 
destroyed  them  utterly  with  their  cities.  ~-  There  was  none  of  the 
Anakims  left  in  the  land  of  the  children  of  Israel ;  only  in  Gaza,  in 
Gath,  and  °in  Ashdod,  there  remained.  ^'^  So  Joshua  took  the  whole 
land,  ^according  to  all  that  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses;  and  Joshua 
gave  it  for  an  inheritance  unto  Israel  'according  to  their  divisions  by 
their  tribes.  '^And  the  land  rested  from  war. 
|"^'y^2.'4.  30  rpj^g,^  Joshua  built  an  altar  unto  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  ^  J°^^^  J^'^- 
sDe  07' 4  5.  in  ^Mount  Ebal,  =^^as  Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  com-  ' 
tEx."2o.'  25.  De.  mandcd  the  children  of  Israel,  as  it  is  written  in  'the  Book  of  the  Law 
27- 5' 6-  Qf  Moses,  an  altar  of  whole  stones,  over  which  no  man  hath  lifted  up 

tt  Ex.  20.  24.       any  iron;  "and  they  offered  thereon  burnt  offerings  unto  the   Lord, 

and  sacrificed  peace  offerings. 

V  De.  27. 2, 8.  32  ^^^j  ^^^  wrotc  thcrc  upon  the  stones  a  copy  of  the  Law  of  Moses, 

which  he  wrote  in  the  presence  of  the  children  of  Israel.  ^^  And  all 

Israel,  and  their  elders,  and  officers,  and  their  judges,  stood  on  this 

wDe.31.9,25.    g^jg  ^^q  ^rk  and  on   that  side  before  the  priests  the  Levites,  "which 

xDe.  31. 12.        bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  as  well  "^the  stranger,  as  he 

that  was  born  among  them  ;  half  of  them  over  against  Mount  Gerizim, 

y  De.  11. 29.        and  half  of  them  over  against  Mount  Ebal ;  '•'as  Moses  the  servant  of  the 

Lord   had  commanded  before,  that  they  should  bless   the  people  of 

zDe.3i.  11.  Ne.   Israel.  ^^  And  afterward  "he  read  all  the  words  of  the  Law,  "the  blessings 

a  De!  28. 2, 15,     and  cursiugs,  according  to  all  that  is  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Law. 

35  There  was  not  a  word  of  all  that  Moses  commanded,  which  Joshua 

read  not  before  all  the  congregation  of  Israel,  Hvith  the   women,  and 


n  1  Sa.  17.  4. 
0  Jos.  15.  46. 
p  Nu.  34.  2,  &c. 
q  Nu.  26.  53.  Jos, 

xiv.  tu  six. 

Jos.  14.  15.  & 


45.  &  29.  20,  21 
&.30.  19. 
b  De.  31.  12, 


liieb.waiked.       ,     ,.    ,  1  ,,     „|rnnoers  that  twere  conversant  amonsr  them. 


the  little  ones,  and  the  strangers  that  twere  conversant  among 


A.  M.  2560. 
B. C.  1444. 
Hales,  1582. 


.Jos.  1.  16,  17. 


Section  IX.— The  Tribes  of  Reuben,  Gad,  and  3Ianasseh  return  Home.^'^ 

Joshua  xxii. 
The  two  tribes  and  a  half  with  a  blessing;  are  sent  home.  10  They  build  the  altar  of  tesiimomj  in  their 
journey.     11  Tlie  Israelites  are  offended  thereat.    21  They  give  ihem  good  satisjaction. 

1  Then  Joshua  called  the  Reubenites,  and  the  Gadites,  and  the  half 

.  De.  tribe  of  Manasseh,  -  and  said  unto  them,  "  Ye  have  kept  "all  that  Moses 

the  servant  of  the  Lord  commanded  you,  ^and  have  obeyed  my  voice 

in  all  that  I  commanded  you  ;  ^  ye  have  not  left  your  brethren  these  many 

days  unto  this  day,  but  have  kept  the  charge  of  the  commandment  of 

the  Lord  your  God.  "^  And  now  the  Lord  your  God  hath  given  rest  unto 

your  brethren,  as  he  promised  them ;  therefore  now  return  ye,  and  get 

'2^."8.^jos^.^3^8:  you  unto  your  tents,  and  unto  the  land  of  your  possession,  Svhich  Moses 

d  De.  6. 6, 17.  &   ^Yi^  servant  of  the  Lord  gave  you  on  the  other  side  Jordan.  ^  But  -"take 

C8-)   We  read  (Josh.  i.  16.)   that  the   wives   and  years ;  the  country  was  conquered,  and  the  land  at 

children  of  the  Reubenites  were  directed  to  remain  rest.     It  is  but  natural  to  conclude,  that  the   Keu- 

on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  in  the  settlements  as-  benites   and  their  brethren  would  return  to  their 

sio-ned  to  them  by  Moses ;   which   had  been  con-  homes  when  their  presence  was  no  longer  indis- 

nuered  previously  to  the  rest  of  the  promised  land,  pensably  necessary  to  their  brethren     1  have  there- 

The  men.  however,  who  were  fit  for  war,  in  com-  fore   placed   this  chapter  immediately  after  the  ac- 

pliance  with  an  offer  made  to  Moses,  were  directed  counts  of  the  conquest,  and  before  the  division  ot 

by  Joshua  to  assist  their  brethren  in  taking  posses-  the  provinces  of  Palestine    among  the  remaining 

eion  of  Canaan.     The  war  had  now  lasted  seven  tribes. 


334  THE  TRIBES  OF  REUBEN  AND  GAD  RETURN  HOME.  [Period  IV. 

diligent  heed  to  do  the  commandment  and  the  law  which  Moses  the 

e  De.  10. 12.        servant  of  the  Lord  charged  you,  'to  love  the  Lord  your  God,  and  to 

walk  in  all  his  ways,  and   to  keep   his   commandments,  and  to  cleave 

unto  him,  and  to  serve  him  with  all  your  heart  and  with  all  your  soul." 

^2q%2jIs^i4     ^  So  Joshua -lalessed them,  and  sent  them  away;  and  they  went  unto 

13: 2  sa^e.  18.    their  tents. 

Lu  24  50 

"  Now  to  the  one  half  of  the  tribe  of  INIanasseh  Moses  had   given 

f  jo3. 17. 5.  possession  in  Bashan;  "but  unto  the  other  half  thereof  gave  Joshua 
among  their  brethren  on  this  side  Jordan  westward.  And  when  Joshua 
sent  them  away  also  unto  their  tents,  then  he  blessed  them,  ^  and  he 
spake  unto  them,  saying,  "  Return  with  much  riches  unto  your  tents, 
and  with  very  much  cattle,  with  silver,  and  with  gold,  and  with  brass, 

*i^s"a.3o.  u'.  ^"^  ^^'^^''  ^^^^'  ^^^^  ^'^^t'^  '^'^'T  'Tiuch  raiment ;  ''divide  the  spoil  of  your 
enemies  with  your  brethren." 

'■^  And  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  half 
tribe  of  Manasseh  returned,  and  departed  from  the   children  of  Israel 

iNu.32. 1,26,  Qut  of  Shiloh,  which  is  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  to  go  unto  'the  country 
of  Gilead,  to  the  land  of  their  possession,  whereof  they  were  possessed, 
according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

1°  And  when  they  came  unto  the  borders  of  Jordan,  that  are  in  the 
land  of  Canaan,  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  children  of  Gad  and 
the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh  built  there  an  altar  by  Jordan,  a  great  altar 
to  see  to. 

iDe.^3.^i2,&c.  11  And  the  children  of  IsraeP  heard  say,  "  Behold,  the  children  of 
Reuben  and  the  children  of  Gad  and  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh  have 
built  an  altar  over  against  the  land  of  Canaan,  in  the  borders  of  Jordan, 
at  the  passage  of  the  children  of  Israel !  "  ^'^  And  when  the  children  of 

fcju.ao.  1.  Israel  heard  of  it, 'the  whole  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel 

gathered  themselves  together  at  Shiloh,  to  go  up  to  war  against  them. 

'2o!i2^'  ^'*' ^"'  ^^  ^"f^  the  children  of  Israel  'sent  unto  the  children  of  Reuben,  and  to 
the  children  of  Gad,  and  to  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  into  the  land 

ll'i.^'  ^'  ^""   ^^  Gilead,  "Phinehas  the  son  of  Eleazar  the  priest,  ^■^  and  with  him  ten 

*  Heb.  house  of    princcs,  of  cach  *chief  house  a  prince  throughout  all  the  tribes  of  Israel ; 
^Z"'^"'-  and  "each  one  was  a  head  of  the  house   of  their  fatiiers   among   the 

thousands  of  Israel. 

^^  And  they  came  unto  the  children  of  Reuben,  and  to  the  children 
of  Gad,  and  to  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  unto  the  land  of  Gilead,  and 
they  spake  with  them,  saying,  ^'^  "  Thus  saith  the  whole  congregation 
of  the  Lord,  What  trespass  is  this  that  ye  have  committed  against 
the  God  of  Israel,  to  turn  away  this  day  from  following  the   Lord,  in 

"g^De^isYsH   ^^^^  y^  ^^^"^^  builded  you  an  altar,  "that  ye  might  rebel  this  day  against 

pNu.aolM.W  the  Lord?  ^'Is  the  iniquity 'of  Peor  too  little  for  us,  from  which  we 

''•  2-      '          are  not  cleansed  until  this  day,  although  there   was  a  plague  in  the 

congregation  of  the  Lord,  i*^but  that  ye  must  turn  away  this  day  from 

following  the  Lord  ?  and  it  will  be,  seeing  ye  rebel  to-day  against  the 

jNu.  iG.  22.  Lord,  that  to-morrow 'he  will  be  wroth  with  the  whole  congregation 
of  Israel.   ^^  Notwithstanding,  if  the  land  of  your  possession  be  unclean, 

r  Jo..  18. 1.  ti^e„  pass  ye  over  unto  tiie  land  of  the  possession  of  the  Lord,  ^vherein 
the  Lord's  tabernacle  dwelleth,  and  take  possession  among  us  ;  but 
rebel  not  against  the  Lord,  nor  rebel  against  us,  in  building  you  an 

sjo:  7. 1,5.  altar  besides  the  altar  of  the  Lord  our  God.  ~^  Did  'not  Achan  the  son 
of  Zerah  commit  a  trespass  in  the  accursed  thing,  and  wrath  fell  on  all 
the  congregation  of  Israel  ?  and  that  man  perished  not  alone  in  his 
iniquity  !  " 

-'  Then  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the  children  of  Gad  and  the 
half  tribe  of  Manasseh  answered,  and  said  unto  the  heads  of  the  thou- 

t  Da.  10. 17.        sands  of  Israel,  -  "  The  Lord  'God  of  gods,  the  Lord  God  of  gods,  he 


Part  II.]  RECAPITULATION  OF  CONQUESTS.  335 

Vo.'t^'&^^.kk''  "knoweth,  and  Israel  he  shall  know  ;  if  it  be  in  rebellion,  or  if  in  Irans- 
PS.44.2J.&  ■  gression  against  the  Lord,  (save  us  not  this  day,)  ^^  that  we  have  built 
s^ac'or'iLii,"  us  an  altar  to  turn  from  following  the  Lord,  or  if  to  offer  thereon 
^^*  burnt  offering  or  meat  offering,  or  if  to  offer   peace  offerings  thereon, 

"De.^^s.ig.  isa.  {gf  ^[^q  Lqj^p  himself  "require  it;  ^4  and  if  we  have  not  rather  done  it 
{Heb.'To-mor.     for  fear  of  this  thing,  saying,  tin  time  to   come  your  children   might 
speak  unto  our  children,  saying,  What  have  ye  to   do  with  the  Lord 
God  of  Israel  ?  '-^^  for  the  Lord  hath  made  Jordan  a  border  between  us 
and  you,  ye  children  of  Reuben  and  children  of  Gad  ;  ye  have  no  part 
in  the  Lord.    So  shall  your  children   make  our  children  cease   from 
fearing  the  Lord.  -'^  Therefore  we  said,  '  Let  us  now  prepare  to  build 
us  an  altar,  not  for  burnt  offering,  nor  for  sacrifice  ;  -^  but  that  it  may 
^^Ge^f^^.4B.3os.  ^^  ^^  witness  between  us   and  you,  and  our  generations  after  us,  that 
iDe"i2.5,n,  11,  we  might  ""do   the  service   of  the  Lord  before  him  with  our  burnt 
1-^,  17,18,26,27.  offerings,  and  with  our  sacrifices,  and  with   our  peace  offerings;   that 
your  children  may  not  say  to  our  children  in   time  to  come.  Ye  have 
no  part  in  the  Lord.'  ^s  Therefore  said  we,  that  it  shall  be,  when  they 
should  so  say  to  us  or  to  our  generations  in  time  to  come,  that  we  may 
say  again.  Behold   the   pattern  of  the   altar   of  the  Lord,  vyhich  our 
fathers  made,  not  for  burnt  offerings,  nor  for  sacrifices  ;  but  it  is  a  wit- 
ness between  us  and  you.  ^^  God  forbid  that  we  should  rebel  against 
y  De.  12. 13, 14.    the  LoRD,  and  turn  this  day  from  following  the  Lord,  '•'to  build  an  altar 
for  burnt  offerings,  for  meat  offerings,  or  for  sacrifices,  besides  the  altar 
of  the  Lord  our  God  that  is  before  his  tabernacle." 

3"^  And  when  Phinehas  the  priest,  and  the  princes  of  the  congrega- 
tion and  heads  of  the  thousands  of  Israel  which  were  with  him,  heard 
the  words  that  the  children  of  Reuben  and  the   children  of  Gad  and 
tueh.itwasgood  tj^c  childrcu  of  Manasseh  spake,  tit  pleased  them.  ^^  And  Phinehas  the 
tn  their  eyes.       ^^^  ^^  Eleazar  the  priest  said  unto  the  children  of  Reuben,  and  to  the 
children  of  Gad,  and  to  the  children  of  Manasseh,  "  This  day  we  per- 
iLe.26. 11, 12.     ceive  that  the  Lord  is  'among  us,  because  ye  have  not  committed  this 
*^Heh.^thm.        trespass  against  the  Lord  ;  *now  ye  have  deUvered  the  children  of  Israel 
out  of  the  hand  of  the  Lord." 

32  And  Phinehas  the  son  of  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  the  princes,  re- 
turned from  the  children  of  Reuben,  and  from  the  children  of  Gad, 
out  of  the  land  of  Gilead,  unto  the  land  of  Canaan,  to  the  children  of 
Israel,  and  brought  them  word  again.  ^^  And  the  thing  pleased  the 
a  1  Oh.  29. 20.^  children  of  Israel ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  "blessed  God,  and  did  not 
i9!Li.''2.°8. ^'  intend  to  go  up  against  them  in  battle,  to  destroy  the  land  wherein  the 
children  of  Reuben  and  Gad  dwelt.— ^^  And  the  children  of  Reuben 
^I^^!tjl^%4.  and  the  children  of  Gad  called  the  altar  tEd  :  for,  'It  shall  be  a  witness 
between  us  that  the  Lord  is  God.' 


ness :  so  Jos.  24. 
27. 


,  C.  1452,  to 


PART    II. 

GENERAL    DIVISION   OF   THE    COUNTRY. 
Section    I. — Recapitulation  of  Conquests. 


H     ^^^i^fiofi  Joshua  xii.  and  xiii.  1-14. 

'"''^582.      '"      Tlie  two  kinr-s  xulwse  countries  Moses  took  and  disposed  of.     7  The  one  and  thirty  kings  on  fe  other 

Canaan  ^ide  Jordan  which  Joshua  smote.  -  Chap.  xiii.  1  The  bounds  of  the  land  not  yet  conquered.  HI  he 

inheritance  of  the  two  tribes  and  a  half  U  The  Lord  and  his  sacnfces  are  the  inheritance  of  Levi. 

1  NOW  these  are  the  kings  of  the  land,  which  the  children  of  Israel 

smote,  and  possessed  their  land  on  the  other  side  Jordan  toward  the 

aNu.2i.  24.        j.jgij^g  ^f  ^i^g  g^^^  "f^om  the  river  Arnon  ^unto  Mount  Hermon,  and  all 

cSu:2i.'24.'        the  plain  on  the  east.  ^  Sihon   ^king  of  the  Amorites,  who   dwelt  in 

De.2.33,36.      Hcshbou,  and  ruled  from  Aroer,  which  is  upon  the  bank  of  the  river 

Arnon,  and  from  the  middle  of  the  river,  and  from  half  Gilead,  even 


336 


RECAPITULATION  OF  CONQUESTS. 


[Period  IV. 


*  Or,  Teman. 

■f  Or,  the  springs 
Hf  Pisgak,  or, 
tlieluU.  De.3. 
17. 

e  Nu.  21.  35. 

/De.  3.  II. 

g  De.  1.  4. 

A  De.  3.  8. 

i  De.  3.  10. 

j  De.  3.  14. 

k  Nu.  21.  24,  33. 

I  Nu.  32.  29,  33. 

wi  Jos.  11. 17. 


pJu.  1.  K. 
J  1  Ki.  4.  10. 
1  Or,  Sharon.  Is. 
33.9. 


•Ge.  14.  1,2.  Is. 


s  See  Jos.  14.  10. 
&23.  1. 

*  Heb.  to  possess 

it.  De.  31.  3. 
t  Ju.  3.  1. 
It  Joel  3.  4. 
»2Sa.  3.  3.&13. 

37,38. 
w  Je.  2.  18. 
X  Ju.  3.  3.  1  Sa.  6. 

4,16.  Zep.2.5. 
y  De.  2.  23. 
t  Or,  the  cave. 
1  Jos.  19. 30. 
a  See  Ju.  1.  34. 
b  1  Ki.  5.  18.  Ps. 

83.  7.  Ez.  27.  9. 

e  See  Jos.  23.  13. 
Ju.  2.  21,23. 
dJos.  14.  1,2. 


e  Nu   32.  .^^.  De. 
3.  12,  13.  Jos. 
22.  4. 

/Nu.  21.  30. 

£-Nu.  21.21,  25. 


unto  the  river  Jabbok,  which  is  the  border  of  the  children  of  Amnion  ; 
^and  ''from  the  plain  to  the  sea  of  Chinneroth  on  the  east,  and  unto 
the  Sea  of  the  Plain,  even  the  Salt  Sea  on  the  east,  the  way  to  Beth- 
jeshimoth  ;  and  from  *the  south,  under  tAshdoth-pisgah. 

'^  And  "the  coast  of  Og  king  of  Bashan,  which  was  of  -^the  remnant 
of  the  giants,  ^that  dwelt  at  Ashtaroth  and  at  Edrei,  ^and  reigned  ''in 
Mount  Hermon,  and  'in  Salcah,  and  in  all  Bashan,  •'unto  the  border 
of  the  Geshurites  and  the  Maachathites,  and  half  Gilead,  the  border  of 
Sihon  king  of  Heshbon.  '^Them  *did  Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord 
and  the  children  of  Israel  smite  ;  and  'Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord 
gave  it  for  a  possession  unto  the  Reubenites,  and  the  Gadites,  and  the 
half  tribe  of  Manasseh. 

■^And  these  are  the  kings  of  the  country  "which  Joshua  and  the 
children  of  Israel  smote  on  this  side  Jordan  on  the  west,  from  Baal-gad 
in  the  valley  of  Lebanon  even  unto  the  Mount  Halak,  that  goeth  up  to 
"Seir ;  which  Joshua  gave  unto  the  tribes  of  Israel  for  a  possession 
according  to  their  divisions  ;  ®  in  the  mountains,  and  in  the  valleys,  and 
in  the  plains,  and  in  the  springs,  and  in  the  wilderness,  and  in  the  south 
country  ;  "the  Hittites,  the  Amorites,  and  the  Canaanites,  the  Perizzites, 
the  Hivites,  and  the  Jebusites : — 

^  The  king  of  Jericho,  one ;  the  king  of  Ai,  which  is  beside  Beth-el, 
one  ;  ^^  the  king  of  Jerusalem,  one  ;  the  king  of  Hebron,  one  ;  ^^  the  king 
of  Jarmuth,  one  ;  the  king  of  Lachish,  one  ;  ^~  the  king  of  Eglon,  one  ; 
the  king  of  Gezer,  one  ;  ^^  the  king  of  Debir,  one  ;  the  king  of  Geder, 
one;  ^'^ the  king  of  Hormah,  one  ;  the  king  of  Arad,  one  ;  ^^the  king 
of  Libnah,  one;  the  king  of  AduUam,  one;  ^"^the  king  of  Makkedah, 
one  ;  ^'the  king  of  Beth-el,  one  ;  ^~  the  king  of  Tappuah,  one  ;  'the  king 
of  Hepher,  one  ;  ^^  the  king  of  Aphek,  one  ;  the  king  of  tLasharon, 
one  ;  ^^  the  king  of  Madon,  one ;  the  king  of  Hazor,  one  ;  -°  the  king 
of  Shimron-meron,  one  ;  the  king  of  Achshaph,  one ;  ~^  the  king  of 
Taanach,  one  ;  the  king  of  Megiddo,  one  ;  ^-  the  king  of  Kedesh,  one ; 
the  king  of  Jokneam  of  Carmel,  one ;  ~^  the  king  of  Dor  in  the  coast 
of  Dor,  one  ;  the  king  of  '^the  nations  of  Gilgal,  one  ;  -^  the  king  of  Tir- 
zah,  one :  all  the  kings  thirty  and  one. 

^  Now  Joshua  %vas  old  and  stricken  in  years  ;  and  the  Jo^.  xiii. 
Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Thou  art  old  and  stricken  in  years,  and 
there  remaineth  yet  very  much  land  *to  be  possessed.  -This  'is  the 
land  that  yet  remainetii :  "all  the  borders  of  the  Philistines,  and  all 
'^^Geshuri,  ^  from  ''Sihor,  whicii  is  before  Egypt,  even  unto  the  borders 
of  Ekron  northward,  which  is  counted  to  the  Canaanite  :  ""five  lords  of 
the  Philistines ;  the  Gazathites,  and  the  Ashdothites,  the  Eshkalonites, 
the  Gittites,  and  the  Ekronites  ;  also  ^the  Avites :  ^  from  the  south, 
all  the  land  of  the  Canaanites,  and  f  Mearah  that  is  beside  the  Sidoni- 
ans,  'unto  Aphek,  to  the  borders  of  "the  Amorites  :  ^  and  the  land  of  the 
''Giblitcs,  and  all  Lebanon,  toward  the  sunrising,  from  Baal-gad  under 
Mount  Hermon  unto  the  entering  into  Hamath.  ^All  the  inhabitants 
of  the  hill  country  from  Lebanon  unto  Misrephoth-maim,  and  all  the 
Sidonians,  them  "will  I  drive  out  from  before  the  children  of  Israel : 
''only  divide  thou  it  by  lot  unto  the  Israelites  for  an  inheritance,  as  I 
have  commanded  thee.  ~  Now  therefore  divide  this  land  for  an  inher- 
itance unto  the  nine  tribes,  and  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  ^  with 
whom  the  Reubenites  and  the  Gadites  have  received  their  inheritance, 
'which  Moses  gave  them,  beyond  Jordan  eastward,  even  as  Moses  the 
servant  of  the  Lord  gave  them  ;  "  (from  Aroer,  that  is  upon  the  bank 
of  the  river  Arnon,  and  the  city  that  is  in  the  midst  of  the  river,  •'^and 
all  the  plain  of  Medeba  unto  Dibon  ;  ^^  and  'all  the  cities  of  Sihon 
king  of  the  Amorites,  vvliich  reigned  in  Heshbon,  unto  the  border  of 


Part  II.] 


THE  DIVISION  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 


»37 


SECT.  II. 

A.  M.  2560. 

B.  C. 1444. 

Hales,  1582. 

Canaan. 


the  children  of  Ammon  ;  ^^  and  Gilead,  and  the  border  of  the  Geshurites 
and  Maachathites,  and  all  Mount  Hermon,  and  all  Bashan  unto  Salcah  ; 
^2  all  the  kingdom  of  Og  in  Bashan  which  reigned  in  Ashtaroth  and  in 
Edrei,  who  remained  of  the  remnant  of  the  giants  ;  for  these  did  Moses 
smite,  and  cast  them  out ;  ^^  nevertheless  the  children  of  Israel  expelled 
not  the  Geshurites,  nor  the  Maachathites,  but  the  Geshurites  and  the 
Maachathites  dwell  among  the  Israelites  until  this  day.)  ^-^  Only  unto  the 
tribe  of  Levi  he  gave  none  inheritance  ;  the  sacrifices  of  the  Lord  God 
of  Israel  made  by  fire  are  their  inheritance,  as  he  said  unto  them." 

Section    II. —  The  Division  of  the  Country  among  the  Tribes. '•^^ 
Joshua  xiv.  1-5.    xiii.  15,  to  the  end,    xiv.  6,  to  the  end,    xv.  13-19,  1-12,  20,  to  the  end, 

and  chap.  xvi.  to  xix. 
The  nine  tribes  and  a  half  are  to  have  their  inheritance  by  lot.  —  Chap.  xiii.  15  The  bounds  of  the 
inheritance  of  Reuben.  22  Balaam  slain.  24  The  bounds  of  the  inheritance  of  Gad.  29  and  of 
the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh.  —  Chap.  xiv.  6  Caleb  by  privilege  obtain^th  Hebron. —  Chap.  xv.  13 
Caleb's  portion  and  conquest.  16  Othniel,for  his  valor,  hath  Achsah,  Caleb's  daughter,  to  wife. 
18  She  obtaineth  a  blessing  of  her  father.  1  The  borders  of  the  lot  ofJudah.  20  The  cities  of 
Judah.  63  Tlie  Jebusiles  not  conquered.  —  Chap.  xvi.  1  The  general  borders  of  the  sons  of  Jo- 
seph. 5  The  border  of  the  inheritance  of  Ephraim.  10  The  Canaanites  not  conquered.  —  Chap, 
xvii.  1  The  lot  of  Manasseh.  7  His  coast.  12  The  Canaanites  not  driven  out.  14  The  children 
of  Joseph  obtain  another  lot. —  Chap,  xviii.  1  The  tabernacle  is  set  up  at  Shiloh.  2  The  remainder 
of  the  land  is  described,  and_divided  into  seven  parts.     lO_Joshua  diyideth  it  b2j  lot     11  The  lot 


:  Nu.  34.  17,  18. 


b  Nu.  26.  55.  & 
33.  54.  &  34.  13. 


e  Ge.  48.  5.  1  Ch. 
5.  1,  2. 


d  Nu.  35. 2.  Jos. 
21.2. 


e  Nu.  21.  28. 
/Nu.  21.  30. 

*  Or,  the  high 
places  of  Baal, 
and  hotise  of 
Baal-meon:  aee 
Nu.  .32.  38. 

g  Nu.  21.  23. 

h  Nu.  32.  37,  38. 

f  Or,  springs  of 
Pisgah,  or,  the 
hill.  De.  3.  10. 

i  De.  3.  10. 

j  Nu.  31.  8. 

k  Nu.  22.  5.  & 
3i.  8. 

X  Or,  diviner. 


ind  border  of  Benjamin.  21  Their  cities.— C\\^.^p.  xw.  1  The  lot  of  Simeon,  10  of  Zebulun,  11  of 
to  Joshua. 


Issachar, 


The  children  of  Israel  give  an  inheritance 


Jos.  xiv. 
1-5. 


ofAsher,  32  of  Naphtali,  40  of  D, 

1  And  these  are  the  countries  which  the  children  of  Israel 
inherited  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  "which  Eleazar  the  priest, 
and  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  the  heads  of  the  fathers  of  the  tribes 
of  the  children  of  Israel,  distributed  for  inheritance  to  them.  ^By  Mot 
was  their  inheritance,  as  the  Lord  commanded  by  the  hand  of  Moses, 
for  the  nine  tribes,  and  for  the  half  tribe.  ^  For  Moses  had  given  the 
inheritance  of  two  tribes  and  a  half  tribe  on  the  other  side  Jordan  ;  but 
unto  the  Levites  he  gave  none  inheritance  among  them.  ''  For  'the  chil- 
dren of  Joseph  were  two  tribes,  Manasseh  and  Ephraim  ;  therefore  they 
gave  no  part  unto  the  Levites  in  the  land,  save  cities  to  dwell  in,  with 
their  suburbs  for  their  cattle  and  for  their  substance.  ^  As ''the  Lord  com- 
manded Moses,  so  the  children  of  Israel  did,  and  they  divided  the  land. 

1^  And  Moses  gave  unto  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Reu-  jos.  xiii. 
ben  inheritance  according  to  their  famiUes.  ^^  And  their  coast  15,  to  end. 
was  from  Aroer,  that  is  on  the  bank  of  the  river  Arnon,  'and  the  city 
that  is  in  the  midst  of  the  river,  ^and  all  the  plain  by  Medeba  ;  ^'^  Hesh- 
bon,  and  all  her  cities  that  are  in  the  plain  ;  Dibon,  and  *Bamoth- 
baal,  and  Beth-baal-meon,  ^^  and  ' Jahaza,  and  Kedemoth,  and  Me- 
phaath,  ^^ and  'Kirjathaim,  and  Sibmah,  and  Zareth-shahar  in  the  mount 
of  the  valley,  ~°  and  Beth-peor,  and  t Ashdoth-pisgah,  and  Beth-jeshi- 
moth,  -^  and  'all  the  cities  of  the  plain,  and  all  the  kingdom  of  Sihon 
king  of  the  Amorites.  which  reigned  in  Heshbon,  whom  Moses  smote 
^vvith  the  princes  of  Midian,  Evi,  and  Rekem,  and  Zur,  and  Hur,  and 
Reba,  which  were  dukes  of  Sihon,  dwelling  in  the  country.  ^-Balaam 
*also  the  son  of  Beor,  the  tsoothsayer,  did  the  children  of  Israel  slay 
with  the  sword  among  them  that  were  slain  by  them.  ^^  And  the  bor- 
der of  the  children  of  Reuben  was  Jordan,  and  the  border  thereof. 
This  was  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Reuben  after  their  fami- 
lies, the  cities  and  the  villages  thereof. 

~^And  Moses  gave  inheritance  unto  the  tribe   of  Gad,  even  unto 


(^)  An  instructive  lesson  was  taught  to  each  of 
the  tribes,  on  their  taking  possession  of  their  re- 
spective allotted  settlements.  They  w^ere  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  prophecies  of  their  ancestor  Ja- 
cob. On  his  death  bed  he  had  predicted  the  nature 
of  the  territory  they  should  severally  possess,  at  the 
future  appointed  time  of  obtaining  the  promised 
land.     If  the  descriptive  allusions  of  this  patriarch, 

VOL.  I.  43 


contained  in  the  forty-ninth  chapter  of  Genesis,  be 
compared  with  the  nature  of  the  settlements  of  the 
various  tribes,  they  will  be  found  to  correspond 
beautifully  throughout.  So  true  was  the  declara- 
tion of  Moses,  that  the  word  was  nigh  them ;  the 
evidences  of  their  religion  were  continually  before 
them,  appealing  to  their  hearts,  and  demonstra- 
ting, every  day,  the  faithfulness  and  truth  of  God. 

2c 


338  THE  DIVISION  OF  THE  COUNTRY.  [Period  IV. 

zNu.  32. 35.        the  children  of  Gad  according  to  their  famihes.  -^  And  'their  coast 

lii°^^^^ ^-  was  Jazer,  and  all  the  cities  of  Gilead,  "'and  half  the  land  of  the  chil- 
wiihue.2. 19.  dren  of  Amnion,  nnto  Aroer  that  is  before  "Rabbah  ;  -^  and  from 
15,  &c.  ■    '      Heshbon  unto  Ramath-mizpeh,  and  Betonim  ;   and  from  Mahanaim 

n28a.  11. 1.  ^j^^q  ^j^g  boidcr  of  Dcbir  ;  -^  and  in  the  valley,  Beth-aram,  and  Beth- 
nimrah,  "and  Succoth,  and  Zaphon,  the  rest  of  the  kingdom  of  Sihon 
king  of  Heshbon,  Jordan  and  his  border,  even  unto  the  edge  of  the 
Sea  of  Chinneroth  on  the  other  side  Jordan  eastward.  '^^  This  is  the 
inheritance  of  the  children  of  Gad  after  their  families,  the  cities,  and 
their  villages. 

^''  And  Moses  gave  inheritance  unto  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh : 
and  this  was  the  possession  of  the  half  tribe  of  the  children  of  Ma- 
nasseh by  their   families.  ^^  And  their  coast  was  from  Mahanaim,  all 

'i^ch.^l.'as.'  Bashan,  all  the  kingdom  of  Og  king  of  Bashan,  and  '"all  the  towns  of 
Jair,  which  are  in  Bashan,  threescore  cities.  ^^  And  half  Gilead,  and 
Ashtaroth,  and  Edrei,  cities  of  the  kingdom  of  Og  in  Bashan,  were 
pertaining  unto  the  children  of  Machir  the  son  of  Manasseh,  even  to 

ff  Nu.  3-2. 39, 40.    the  ouc  half  of  the  'children  of  Machir  by  their  families. 

"^^  These  are  the  countries  which  Moses  did  distribute  for  inherit- 
ance in  the  plains  of  Moab,  on  the  other  side  Jordan,  by  Jericho, 
eastward. — ^'^  But  unto  the  tribe  of  Levi  Moses  gave  not  any  inheritance  : 

"^io.Vi' 18.' 1^2!  ^^^  Lord  God  of  Israel  was  their  inheritance,  "^as  he  said  unto  them 
^  Then  the  children  of  Judah  came  unto  Joshua  in  Gilgal.      jos.  xiv. 

*Nu.  32.12.        And  Caleb  the  son   of  Jephunneh   the 'Kenezite  said   unto      G,  to  end. 

'no"'/\fV'    hi'iij  "  Thou  knowest  'the  thing  that  the  Lord  said  unto  Moses  the  man 

Ue.  1.  JO,  Jo.  /■  /~<  •  '- 

MiVu.  13. 2j.  of  God  concerning  me  and  thee  in  "Kadesh-barnea.  "Forty  years  old 
"^^"^13. 6.  &  was  I  when  Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  "sent  me  from  Kadesh- 
barnea  to  espy  out  the  land  ;  and  I  brought  him  word  again  as  it 
"De"i^28^^''^^"  ^^^^  ^"  ^y  l^^^''^-  ^Nevertheless  "my  brethren  that  went  up  with  me 
z  Nu.  14. 24.  De.  made  the  heart  of  the  people  melt;  but  I  wholly  "^  followed  the  Lord 
^'^^'  my  God.  ^  And  Moses  sware   on   that   day,  saying,  '  Surely  the   land 

y  See  Nu.  13. 22.  ^yvhcreon   thy  feet  have  trodden  shall   be   thine  inheritance,  and   thy 
children's  for  ever,  because   thou  hast  wholly  followed  the  Lord  my 
God.'  ^°  And  now,  behold  !  the  Lord  hath  kept  me  alive,  as  he  said, 
these  forty  and  five  years,  even  since  the  Lord  spake  this  word  unto 
*  Heb.  walked.      Moscs,  vvliile  the  children  of  Israel  *  wandered  in  the  wilderness;  and 
zSeeDe.  34. 7.    now,  lo,  I  am  this  day  fourscore  and  five  years  old.   ^^As'^yet  I  am  as 
strong  this  day  as  I  was  in  the  day  that  Moses  sent  me  ;  as  my  strength 
oDe.  31. 2.         was  then,  even  so  is  my  strength  now,  for  war,  "both  to  go  out,  and  to 
come  in.  ^^  Now  tiierefore  give  me  this  mountain,  whereof  the  Lord 
iiXu.  13.28,33.    spake  in  that  day  ;  for  thou  heardest  in  that  day  how  ''the  Anakims  were 
""fc  6o'%^K^^8    *'^^''®'  ^"^  ^^^^  ^'^^  cities  were  great  and  fenced  :  'if  so  be  the  Lord  will 
31.  "    "        'be  with  me,  then  "^I  shall  be  able  to  drive  them  out,  as  the  Lord  said." 
eSeeJor'21  n        '^  And  Joshua  blessed  him,  'and  gave  unto  Caleb   the  son   of  Je- 
12. 1  ch.  6.'55,'  phunneh  Hebron  for  an  inheritance.    ^"*  Hebron  •'^therefore  became  the 
/Jo?.  21. 12.        inheritance  of  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  the  Kenezite  unto  this  day, 
1  Mac.  2.56.      bccausc  that  he  wholly  followed  the  Lord  God  of  Israel.   ^^  And  'the 
^Ge.  23. 2.         name  of  Hebron  before  was  Kirjath-arba  ;  which  Arba  was  a  great  man 
among  the  Anakims.      And  the  land  had  rest  from  war. 

•^  And  unto  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  he  gave  a  part  '^°^'  ^y,]j^^^j 

among  the  children  of  Judah,  according  to  the  command-    20,  to  the  end. 

t  Or,  Kirjati^-ar-    mcut  of  thc  LoRD  to  Joshua,  cvcu  f tlic  city  of  Arba  the 

AJu.  1.10,20.     father  of  Anak,  which  city  is  Hebron.   ^^  And  Caleb  drove  thence 'the 

iNu.  13. 22.        three  sons  of  Anak,  'Sheshai,  and  Ahiman,  and  Talmai,  the  children 

jju.  1. 11-14.       of  Anak.   ^■'  And   he  went  up  thence  to  the  inhabitants  of  Debir  ;  and 

the  name  of  Debir  before  was  Kirjath-sepher.  ^'''  And  Caleb  said,  "  He 

that  smiteth  Kirjath-sepher,  and  taketh  it,  to  him  will  I  give  Achsah 


Part  II.]  THE  DIVISION  OF  THE  COUNTRY.  339 

my  daughter  to  wife."  ^"^  And  Othniel  the  son  of  Kenaz,  the  brother 
of  Caleb,  took  it  ;  and  he  gave  him  Aclisah  his  daughter  to  wife. 
^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  she  came  unto  him,  that  she  moved  him  to 

k  See  Ge.  24.  64.  aslv  of  her  father  a  field  :  and  *she  lighted  oft'  her  ass ;  and  Caleb  said 

/Ge.^'ss.^ir        unto  her,  "  What  wouldest   thou  ?"^^  Who   answered,  "Give  me 'a 

blessing  ;  for  thou  hast  given  me  a  south  land  ;  give  me  also  springs 

of  water."  And  ho  gave  her  the  upper  springs,  and  the  nether  springs. 

^  This  then  was  the  lot  of  the   tribe  of  the  children  of  Judah   by 

mNu. 34. 3.  ^i^gj^  families;  "even  to  the  border  of  Edom  the  "wilderness  of  Zin 
southward  was  tlie  uttermost  part  of  the  south  coast. 

~  And  their  south  border  was  from  the  shore  of  the  Salt  Sea,  from 

X  Heb.  tongue,      the  tbay  that  looketh  southward.  ^  And  it  went  out  to  the  south  side 

*u'toAcfabbfm     *^  *Maaleh-acrabbim,  and  passed  along  to  Zin,  and  ascended  up  on 

Nu.  34. 4.  the  south  side  unto  Kadesh-barnea,  and  passed  along  to  Hezron,  and 

went  up  to  Adar,  and  fetched  a  compass  to  Karkaa.  **  From  thence  it 

oNu.  34,5.  passed  "toward  Azmon,  and  went  out  unto  the  river  of  Egypt ;  and  the 
goings  out  of  that  coast  were  at  the  sea :  this  shall  be  your  south  coast. 
^  And  the  east  border  was  the  Salt  Sea,  even  unto  the  end  of  Jordan. 
And  their  border  in  the  north  quarter  was  from  the  bay  of  the  sea 
at  the  uttermost  part  of  Jordan.  *^  And  the  border  went  up  to  Beth- 
hogla,  and  passed  along  by  the  north  of  Beth-arabah  ;  and  the  border 
went  up  to  the  stone  of  Bohan  the  son  of  Reuben.  '^  And  the  border 
went  up  toward  Debir  from  the  valley  of  Achor,  and  so  northward, 
looking  toward  Gilgal,  that  is  before  the  going  up  to  Adummim,  which 
is  on  the  south  side  of  the  river ;  and  the  border  passed  toward  the 

^i^lr/^g  '^'      waters  of  En-shemesh,  and  the  goings  out  thereof  were  at  ^En-rogel. 

9J0S.  18.16.        ^  And  the  border  went  up  'by  the  valley  of  the  son  of  Hinnom  unto 
ig^^s.f."  ^°'  ^^'   the  south   side   of  the  '^Jebusite,   (the  same  is  Jerusalem)  ;  and  the 

r  Jos.  18. 28.  Ju.   bordcr  went  up  to  the  top  of  the  mountain  that  lieth  before  the  valley 

"    '    of  Hinnom  westward,  which  is  at  the  end  of  the  valley  of  the  giants 

northward,  ^  And  the  border  was  drawn  from  the  top  of  the  hill  unto 

the  fountain  of  the  water  of  Nephtoah,  and  went  out  to  the  cities  of 

3ich.  13. 6.  Mount  Ephron  ;  and  the  border  was  drawn  'to  Baalah,  which  is  'Kir- 
jath-jearim.  ^''And  the  border  compassed  from  Baalah  westward  unto 
Mount  Seir,  and  passed  along  unto  the  side  of  Mount  Jearim,  which 
is  Chesalon,  on  the  north  side,  and  went  down  to  Beth-shemesh,  and 

«Ge.38. 13.        passed  on  to  "Timnah.  ^^  And  the  border  went  out  unto   the  side   of 

V  Jo3. 19. 43.  "Ekron  northward  ;  and  the  border  was  drawn  to  Shicron,  and  passed 
along  to  Mount  Baalah,  and  went  out  unto  Jabneel ;  and  the  goings 
out  of  the  border  were  at  the  sea, 

w  Nu.  34. 6, 7.  12  ^^^  the  wcst  border  was  to  ""the  Great  Sea,  and  the  coast  there- 

of. This  is  the  coast  of  the  children  of  Judah  round  about  according 
to  their  families,  ~°  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of 
Judah  according  to  their  families  : — '^^  and  the  uttermost  cities  of  the 
tribe  of  the  children  of  Judah  toward  the  coast  of  Edom  southward  were 
Kabzeel,  and  Eder,  and  Jagur,  ^'^  and  Kinah,  and  Dimonah,  and  Adadah, 
^^and  Kedesh,  and  Hazor,  and  Ithnan,  '-^Ziph,  andTelem,  and  Bealoth, 
2^  and  Hazor,  Hadattah,  and  Kerioth,  and  Hezron,  which  is  Hazor, 
2*^Amam,  and  Shema,  and  Moladah,  -'and  Hazar-gaddah,  and  Hesh- 
mon,  and  Beth-palet,  ^*and  Hazar-shual,  and  Beer-sheba,  and  Bizjoth- 
jah,  ^^  Baalah,  and  lim,   and   Azem,  ^"and  Eltolad,  and   Chesil,  and 

iisa.  27. 6.  Hormah,  ^^  and  "Ziklag,  and  Madmannah,  and  Sansannah,  ^'^and  Le- 
baoth,  and  Shilhim,  and  Ain,  and  Rimmon  :  all  the  cities  are  twenty 
and  nine,  with  their  villages, 

vNu.i3. 23.  ^^AnA  in  the  valley,  ^Eshtaol,  and  Zoreah,  and  Ashnah,  ^^^and  Za- 

noah,  and  En-gannim,  Tappuah,  and  Enam,  ^^Jarmuth,  and  Adullam, 

tor.or.  Socoh,  and  Azekah,  ^^and  Sharaim,  and  Adithaim,  and  Gederah,  tand 


340  THE  DIVISION  OF  THE  COUNTRY.  [Period  IV. 

Gederothaini ;  fourteen  cities  with  their  villages  :  ^"  Zenan,  and  Had- 

i2Ki.  14.7.        ashah,   and   Migdal-gad,  ^^and  Dilean,  and   Mizpeh,  *and  Joktheel, 

•*'-'  Lachish,  and  Bozkath,  and  Eglon,  ""^and  Cabbon,  andLahmam,  and 

Kithlish,  ^^  and  Gederoth,  Bcth-dagon,  and  Naamah,  and  Makkedah; 

sixteen  cities  with  their  villages  :  ''^  Libnah,  and  Ether,  and   Ashan, 

''^and  Jiphtah,  and  Ashnah,  and  Nezib, '''' and  Keilah,  and  Achzib, 

and  Mareshah ;    nine  cities  with   their   villages :    '^^  Ekron,   with  her 

towns  and  her  villages :  '*"  from  Ekron  even  unto  the  sea,  all  that  lay 

XUeh.byVui       Jncar  Ashdod  with  their  villages:  ^'^  Ashdod,  with  her  towns  and  her 

paceo.  villages,  Gaza,  with  her  towns  and  her  villages,  unto  the  river  of  Egypt, 

aNu.  34. 6.         and  "the  Great  Sea,  and  the  border  thereof. 

■'^  And  in  the  mountains,  Shamir,  and  Jattir,  and  Socoh,  ^^  and  Dan- 
nah,  and  Kirjath-sannah,  which  is  Debir,  ''"and  Anab,  and  Eshtemoh, 
and  Anim,  ^^  and  Goshen,  and  Holon,  and  Giloh  ;  eleven  cities  with 
*  Or,  Janus.  their  villages:  ^~Arab,  and  Dumah,  and  Eshean,  ^^and  *Janum,  and 
Beth-tappuah,  and  Aphekah,  ^^and  Humtah,  and  Kirjath-arba,  which 
is  Hebron,  and  Zior  ;  nine  cities  with  their  villages  :  ^^Maon,Carmel, 
and  Ziph,  and  Juttah,  ^"and  Jezreel,  and  Jokdeam,  and  Zanoah, 
^^Cain,  Gibeah,  and  Timnah  ;  ten  cities  with  their  villages  :  ^^Halhul, 
Beth-zur,  and  Gedor,  ^^  and  Maarath,  and  Beth-anoth,  and  Eltekon  ; 
six  cities  with  their  villages:  ''°  Kirjath-baal,  which  is  Kirjath-jearim, 
and  Rabbah  ;  two  cities  with  their  villages. 

^^  In  the  wilderness,  Beth-arabah,  Middin,  and  Secacah,  ^^  and  Nib- 

shan,  and  the  City  of  Salt,  and  En-gedi ;  six  cities  with  their  villages. 

J  Bee  Ju.  1.8,21.       ^^  ^g  fQ^  ^j^g  Jcbusitcs  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  'the  children 

cju.^1.21.  of  Judah  could  not  drive  them  out;  ^but  the  Jebusites  dwell  with  the 

children  of  Judah  at  Jerusalem  unto  this  day. 
t  Heh.tcent forth.       1  And  the  lot  of  the  children  of  Joseph  tfell  from  Jordan  by      Jos.  xvi. 
Jericho,  unto  the  water  of  Jericho  on  the  east,  to  the  wilder- 
ness that  goeth  up  from  Jericho  throughout  Mount  Beth-el,  ^andgoeth 
dju.  1.26.  out  from  Beth-el  to  ''Luz,  and  passeth  along  unto  the  borders  of  Archi 

each.  8. 5.         ^Q  Ataroth,  ^and  goeth  down  westward  to  the  coast  of  Japhleti,  'unto 
/I  ch.  7.  28.       the  coast  of  Beth-horon  the  nether,  and  to  •'^Gezer  :  and  the  goings  out 
thereof  are  at  the  sea,  ''  So  the   children  of  Joseph,  Manasseh  and 
Ephraim,  took  their  inheritance. 

^  And  the  border  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  according  to  their  fam- 
ilies was  thus :  even  the  border  of  their  inheritance  on  the  east  side 
^2Ch.  8. 5.        was  Ataroth-adar,  °'unto  Beth-horon  the  upper  ;  "^and  the  border  went 
out  toward  the  sea  to  Michmethah  on  the  north  side  ;  and  the  border 
went  about  eastward  unto  Taanath-shiloh,  and  passed  by  it  on  the  east 
A 1  Ch.  7. 28.       tQ  Janohah  ;  '''  and  it  went  down  from  Janohah  to  Ataroth,  ''and  to  Naa- 
rath,  and  came  to  Jericho,  and  went  out  at  Jordan.  ^  The  border  went 
out  from  Tappuah  westward  unto  the  river  Kanah  ;  and  the  goings 
out  thereof  were  at  the  sea.     This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of 
the  children  of  Ephraim  by  their  families.  '■*  And  the  separate  cities  for 
the  children  of  Ephraim  were  among  the  inheritance  of  the  children 
'i  KiVgfiu.^^^     of  Manasseh,  all  the  cities  with  their  villages.   ^^  And  'they  drave  not  out 
the  Canaanites  that  dwelt  in  Gezer ;  but  the  Canaanites  dwell  among 
the  Ephraimites  unto  this  day,  and  serve  under  tribute. 

'  There  was  also  a  lot  for  the  tribe  of  Manasseh,  for  he  was  Jos.  xvii. 
^ioVl^s^it."^^'  ^^^  ^firstborn  of  Joseph,  (to  wit,  for  '^Machir  the  firstborn  of  Manasseh, 
*G^.  50. 23.  Nu.  tlie  father  of  Gilead);  because  he  was  a  man  of  war,  therefore  he  had 
lo.fcti^'it'  'Gilead  and  Bashan.  -There  was  also  a  lot  for '"the  rest  of  the  children 
I  De.  3. 15.  of  Manasseh  by  their  families  ;  "for  the  children  of  t  Abiezer,  and  for  the 

rfch^i^^^'  children  of  Ilclek,  "and  for  the  children  of  Asricl,  and  for  the  children 
jNu.26.30,  of  Shechem,  and  for  the  children  of  Ilepher,  and  for  the  children  of 
'Ir'^oc  ^1  QT     Shemida  :  these  were  the  male  children  of  Manasseh  the  son  of  Joseph 

o  Nu.  26.  31-33.     ,,._.,. 

&27. 1.&36.2.  by  their  families. 


Part  II.] 


p  Nu.  27.  6,  7. 


THE  DIVISION  OF  THE  COUNTRY. 


3ii 


*  Or,  brook  of 
reeds. 


q  1  Ch.  7.  29. 
r  1  Sa.  31.  10. 
1  Ki.  4.  12. 


s  Ju.  1.  27,  28. 


t  Ge.  43.  22. 
u  Ge.  48.  19.  Nu 
26. 34,  37. 


t  Or,  Rephaims. 
Ge.  14.5.  &  15 


V  Ju.  1.  19.  &  4 
3. 

w  1  Ki.  4.  12. 


X  De.  20. 1. 


«  Jog.  21.2.  &.  22. 

9.  Je.  7.  12. 
I  Ju.  18.31.  ISa. 

1.  3,  24.  &  4.  3, 


3  But  Zelophehad,  the  son  of  Hepher,  the  son  of  Gilead,  the  son 
of  Machir  the  son  of  Manasseh,  had  no  sons,  but  daughters  :  and  these 
are  the  names  of  his  daughters,  Mahlah,  and  Noah,  Hoglah,  Milcah, 
and  Tirzah.  ^  And  they  came  near  before  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  before 
Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and  before  the  princes,  saying,  "  The  I-Lord 
commanded  Moses  to  give  us  an  inheritance  among  our  brethren. 
Therefore  according  to  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  he  gave  them 
an  inheritance  among  the  brethren  of  their  father.  '  And  there  fell  ten 
portions  to  Manasseh,  besides  the  land  of  Gilead  and  Bashan,  which 
were  on  the  other  side  Jordan  ;  ^  because  the  daughters  of  Manasseh 
had  an  inheritance  among  his  sons  ;  and  the  rest  of  Manasseh  s  sons 
had  the  land  of  Gilead.  ,    .    .u  * 

■^  And  the  coast  of  Manasseh  was  from  Asher  to  Michmethah,  that 
lieth  before  Shechem  ;  and  the  border  went  along  on  the  right  hand 
unto  the  inhabitants  of  En-tappuah.  ^  Now  Manasseh  had  the  land  oi 
Tappuah:  but  Tappuah  on  the  border  of  Manasseh  belonged  to  the 
children  of  Ephraim  ;  '^and  the  coast  descended  unto  the  *river  Kanah, 
southward  of  the  river  :  these  cities  of  Ephraim  are  among  the  cities 
of  Manasseh.  The  coast  of  Manasseh  also  was  on  the  north  side  ol 
the  river,  and  the  outgoings  of  it  were  at  the  sea :  ''  southward  it  was 
Ephraim's,  and  northward  it  was  Manasseh's,  and  the  sea  is  his  border ; 
and  they  met  together  in  Asher  on  the  north,  and  in  Issachar  on  the 
east.  ^1  And  'Manasseh  had  in  Issachar  and  in  Asher  '"Beth-shean  and 
her  towns,  and  Ibleam  and  her  towns,  and  the  inhabitants  of  Dor  and 
her  towns,  and  the  inhabitants  of  En-dor  and  her  towns,  and  the  in- 
habitants of  Taanach  and  her  towns,  and  the  inhabitants  of  Megiddo 
and  her  towns,  even  three  countries.  '^  Yet  Hhe  children  of  Manasseh 
could  not  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of  those  cities  ;  but  the  Canaamtes 
would  dwell  in  that  land.  '^  Yet  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  children 
of  Israel  were  waxen  strong,  that  they  put  the  Canaamtes  to  tribute  ; 
but  did  not  utterly  drive  them  out. 

i"!  And  the  children  of  Joseph  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying,  "  Why  hast 
thou  given  me  but  'one  lot  and  one  portion  to  inherit,  seeing  I  am  a 
•  great  people,  forasmuch  as  the  Lord  hath  blessed  me  hitherto  ?  "  And 
Joshua  answered  them,  "  If  thou  be  a  great  people,  then  get  thee  up 
to  the  wood  country,  and  cut  down  for  thyself  there  in  the  land  of  the 
Perizzites  and  of  the  tgiants,  if  Mount  Ephraim  be  too  narrow  for  thee. 
16  And  the  children  of  Joseph  said,  "  The  hill  is  not  enough  for  us ; 
and  all  the  Canaanites  that  dwell  in  the  land  of  the  valley  have  "chariots 
of  iron,  both  they  who  are  of  Beth-shean  and  her  towns,  and  they  who 
are  "of  the  valley  of  Jezreel."  ^^  And  Joshua  spake  unto  the  house  ol 
Joseph,  even  to  Ephraim  and  to  Manasseh,  saying,  "  Thou  art  a  great 
people,  and  hast  great  power.  Thou  shalt  not  have  one  lot  only  ; 
i»  but  the  mountain  shall  be  thine  ;  for  it  is  a  wood,  and  thou  shalt  cut 
it  down.  And  the  outgoings  of  it  shall  be  thine  ;  for  thou  shalt  drive 
out  the  Canaanites,  "though  they  have  iron  chariots,  and  though  they 
be  strong." 

1  And  the  whole  congregation  of  the  children  of  Israel  as-    jos.  xviii. 
sembled  together  ^at  Shiloh,  and  'set  up  the  tabernacle  of 
the  congregation  there.     And  the  land  was  subdued  before  them. 

2  And  there  remained  among  the  children  of  Israel  seven  tribes, 
which  had  not  yet  received  their  inheritance.  ^And  Joshua  said  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  "  How  "long  are  ye  slack  to  go  to  possess  the 
land,  which  the  Lord  God  of  your  fathers  hath  given  you  ?  ^  Give  out 
from  among  you  three  men  for  each  tribe  ;  and  I  will  send  them,  and 
they  shall  rise,  and  go  through  the  land,  and  describe  it  according  to 
the  inheritance  of  them  ;  and  they  shall  come  again  to  me.     And  they 

2  c* 


342  THE  DIVlSIOxN  OF  THE  COUNTRY.  [Period  IV, 

shall  divide  it  into  seven  parts ;  Judah  shall  abide  in  their  coast  on  the 
south,  and  the  house  of  Joseph  shall  abide  in  their  coast  on  the  north. 
^  Ye  shall  therefore  describe  the  land  into  seven  parts,  and  bring  the 
description  hither  to  me,  that  I  may  cast  lots  for  you  here  before  the 
Lord  our  God.  "  But  the  Levites  have  no  part  among  you,  for  the 
priesthood  of  the  Lord  is  their  inheritance  ;  and  Gad,  and  Reuben, 
and  half  the  tribe  of  Manasseh,  have  received  their  inheritance  beyond 
Jordan  on  the  east,  which  Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  gave  them." 
'^  And  the  men  arose,  and  went  away  ;  and  Joshua  charged  them  that 
went  to  describe  the  land,  saying,  "  Go  and  walk  through  the  land, 
and  describe  it,  and  come  again  to  me,  that  I  may  here  cast  lots  for 
you  before  the  Lord  in  Shiloh."  ^  And  the  men  went  and  passed 
through  the  land,  and  described  it  by  cities  into  seven  parts  in  a  book, 
and  came  again  to  Joshua  to  the  host  at  Shiloh.  ^°And  Joshua  cast 
lots  for  them  in  Shiloh  before  the  Lord  ;  and  there  Joshua  divided  the 
land  unto  the  children  of  Israel  according  to  their  divisions. 

11  And  the  lot  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  came  up  ac- 
cording to  their  families  ;  and  the  coast  of  their  lot  came  forth  between 

iseejos.  16. 1.  the  children  of  Judah  and  the  children  of  Joseph. — ^~  And  Hheir  bor- 
der on  the  north  side  was  from  Jordan  ;  and  the  border  went  up  to  the 
side  of  Jericho  on  the  north  side,  and  went  up  through  the  mountains 
westward  ;  and  the  goings  out  thereof  were  at  the  wilderness  of  Beth- 
aven.  ^^  And  the  border  went  over  from   thence  toward   Luz,  to   the 

eGe^28.  19.  Ju.  gidg  of  Luz,  'vvliich  is  Bcth-el,  southward ;  and  the  border  descended 
to  Ataroth-adar,  near  the  hill  that  lieth  on  the  south  side  of  the  nether 
Beth-horon.  ^^  And  the  border  was  drawn  thence,  and  compassed  the 
corner  of  the  sea  southward  from  the  hill  that  lieth  before  Beth-horon 

d  See  Jos.  15. 9.  southward  ;  and  the  goings  out  thereof  were  at  "Kirjath-baal,  which 
is  Kirjath-jearim,  a  city  of  the  children  of  Judah  :  this  was  the  west 
quarter. — ^^  And  the  south  quarter  was  from  the  end  of  Kirjath-jearim, 
and  the  border  went  out  on  the  west,  and  went  out  to  the  well  of  waters 
of  Nephtoah.  ^''And  the  border  came  down  to  the  end  of  the  moun- 
tain that  lieth  before  the  valley  of  the  son  of  Hinnom.  and  which  is  in 
the  valley  of  the  giants  on  the  north,  and  descended  to  the  valley  of 
Hinnom,  to  the  side  of  Jebusi  on  the  south,  and  descended  to  En-rogel, 
I''  and  was  drawn  from  the  north,  and  went  forth  to  En-shemesh,  and 
went  forth  toward  Geliloth,  which  is  over  against  the  going  up  of 
Adummim,  and  descended  to  the  stone  of  Bohan  the  son  of  Reuben, 
i^and  passed  along  toward   the  side  over  against  tArabah  northward, 

t  Or.  fA«,p'«"'-  and  went  down  unto  Arabah.  ^^  And  the  border  passed  along  to  the 
side  of  Beth-hoglah  northward ;  and  the  outgoings  of  the  border  were 

*}ieh.ton^e.  ^j-  t}^g  j^qj.^}^  *bay  (^f  ^^g  gjjit  gg^  ^t  the  south  end  of  Jordan  :  this  was 
the  south  coast.—-"  And  Jordan  was  the  border  of  it  on  the  east  side. 
This  was  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Benjamin,  by  the  coasts 
thereof  round  about,  according  to  their  families. — ~^  Now  the  cities  of 
the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  according  to  their  families  were 
Jericho,  and  Bcth-hoglah,  and  the  valley  of  Keziz.  ^2  And  Beth-arabah, 
and  Zemaraim,  and  Beth-el, -=^  and  Avim,  and  Parah,  and  Ophrah, 
-'and  Chephar-haammonai,  and  Ophni,  and  Gaba  ;  twelve  cities  with 
their  villages  :  -•'  Gibeon,  and  Ramah,  and  Becroth,  -^'and  Mizpeh,  and 
Chephirah,  and  Mozah,  -^  and  Rekem,  and  Irpeel,  and  Taralah,  -«and 
Zelah,  Eleph,  and  Jebusi,  which  is  Jerusalem,  Gibeath,  and  Kirjath  ; 
fourteen  cities  with  their  villages.  This  is  tiie  inheritance  of  the  children 
of  Benjamin  according  to  their  families. 

1  And  the  second  lot  came  forth  to  Simeon,  even   for  the       Jos.  xix. 
tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon  according  to  their  families  ; 
and  their  inheritance  was  within  the  inheritance  of  the  children   of 


Fart  II.]  THE  DIVISION  OF  THE  COUNTRY.  343 

« 1  ch.  4. 23.  Judah.  2  And  ''they  had  in  their  inheritance  Beer-sheba,  and  Sheba,  and 
Moladah,  ^and  Hazar-shual,  and  Balah,  and  Azem,  "^and  Eltolad,  and 
Bethul,  and  Hormah,  ^and  Ziklag,  and  Beth-marcabotli,  and  Hazar- 
susah,  ^  and  Beth-lebaoth,  and  Sharuhen  ;  thirteen  cities  and  their 
villages  :  '''  Ain,  Remmon,  and  Ether,  and  Ashan  ;  four  cities  and  their 
villages :  ^  and  all  the  villages  that  were  round  about  these  cities  to 
Baalath-beer,  Ramath  of  the  south. — This  is  the  inheritance  of  the 
tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon  according  to  their  families.  ^  Out  of 
the  portion  of  the  children  of  Judah  was  the  inheritance  of  the  children 
of  Simeon  :  for  the  part  of  the  children  of  Judah  was  too  much  for 
them  ;  therefore  the  children  of  Simeon  had  their  inheritance  within 
the  inheritance  of  them. 

^^  And  the  third  lot  came  up  for  the  children  of  Zebulun  according 
to  their  families.    And  the  border  of  their  inheritance  was  unto  Sarid  : 

/Ge.  49. 13.  i^and-^their  border  went  up  toward  the  sea,  and  Maralah,  and  reached 
to  Dabbasheth,  and  reached  to  the  river  that  is  before  Jokneam  ;  ^^and 
turned  from  Sarid  eastward  toward  the  sunrising  unto  the  border  of 
Chisloth-tabor,  and  then  goeth  out  to  Daberath,  and  goeth  up  to  Japhia, 
^^and  from  thence  passeth  on  along   on  the  east  to  Gittah-hepher,  to 

^ra^'^''' ''  Ittah-kazin,  and  goeth  out  to  Remmon-tmethoar,  to  Neah  ;  ^^  and  the 
border  compasseth  it  on  the  north  side  to  Hannathon  :  and  the  outgoings 
thereof  are  in  the  valley  of  Jiphthah-el :  ^^  and  Kattath,  and  Nahallal, 
and  Shimron,  and  Idalah,  and  Beth-lehem  ;  twelve  cities  with  their 
villages. — ^^  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  children  of  Zebulun  accord- 
ing to  their  families,  these  cities  with  their  villages. 

^"^  And  the  fourth  lot  came  out  to  Issachar,  for  the  children  of  Issa- 
char  according  to  their  families.  ^^And  their  border  was  toward 
Jezreel,  and  Chesulloth,  and  Shunem,  '^and  Hapharaim,  and  Shihon, 
and  Anaharath,  -"  and  Rabbith,  and  Kishion,  and  Abez,  ~^  and  Remeth, 
and  En-gannim,  and  En-haddah,  and  Beth-pazzez  ;  '^'^  and  the  coast 
reacheth  to  Tabor,  and  Shahazimah,  and  Beth-shemesh  ;  and  the  out- 
goings of  their  border  were  at  Jordan  ;  sixteen  cities  with  their  villages. 
— ^•^  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Issachar  ac- 
cording to  their  families,  the  cities  and  their  villages. 

^'^  And  the  fifth  lot  came  out  for  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Asher 
according  to  their  families.  ~^  And  their  border  was  Helkath,  and  Hali, 
and  Beten,  and  Achshaph,  ~^and  Alammelech,  and  Amad,  and  Mish- 
eal ;  and  reacheth  to  Carmel  westward,  and  to  Shihor-libnath  ;  -'''and 
turneth  toward  the  sunrising  to  Beth-dagon,  and  reacheth  to  Zebulun, 
and  to  the  valley  of  Jiphthah-el  toward  the  north  side  of  Beth-emek, 
and  Neiel,  and  goeth  out  toCabul  on  the  left  hand,  -^and  Hebron,  and 

^ju.  1.31.  Rehob,  and  Hammon,  and  Kanah,  ^even  unto  great  Zidon  ;  ^^  and  then 

Nasal's. Tl'^"  t'^®  coast  turneth  to  Ramah,  and  to  the  strong  city  tTyre  ;  and  the 
coast  turneth  to  Hosah  ;  and  the  outgoings  thereof  are  at  the  sea  from 

^sT^'mc'^i  ^14'^'  ^'^"^  coast  to  ''Achzib  :  ^^  Ummah  also,  and  Aphek,  and  Rehob  ;  twenty 
and  two  cities  with  their  villages. — ^'  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the 
tribe  of  the  children  of  Asher  according  to  their  families,  these  cities 
with  their  villages. 

^'-The  sixth  lot  came  out  to  the  children  of  Naphtali,  even  for  the 
children  of  Naphtali  according  to  their  famiUes.  -^^  And  their  coast 
was  from  Heleph,  from  Allon  to  Zaanannim,  and  Adami,  Nekeb,  and 
Jabneel,    unto    Lakum  ;  and  the  outgoings  thereof  were  at  Jordan  : 

fDe.  33. 23.  ^-^and  then  'the  coast  turneth  westward  to  Aznoth-tabor,  and  goeth  out 
from  thence  to  Hukkok,  and  reacheth  to  Zebulun  on  the  south  side, 
and  reacheth  to  Asher  on  the  west  side,  and  to  Judah  upon  Jordan 
toward  the  sunrising.  ^^  And  the  fenced  cities  are  Ziddim,  Zer,  and 
Hammath,  Rakkath,  and  Chinneroth,  ^'^  and  Adamah,  and  Ramah,  and 


344 


THE  APPOINTMENT  OF  CITIES  OF  REFUGE,  &c.    [Period  IV- 


Hazor,  3~  and  Kedesh,  and  Edrei,  and  En-hazor,  ^^  and  Iron,  and  Mig- 
dal-el,  Horem,and  Beth-anath,  and  Beth-shemesh  ;  nineteen  cities  with 
their  villages. — ^-'  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children 
of  Naphtali  according  to  their  families,  the  cities  and  their  villages. 

"*"  And  the  seventh  lot  came  out  for  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Dan 
according  to  their  families.  "^^  And  the  coast  of  their  inheritance  was 

;ju.  1.35.  Zorah,  and  Eshtaol,  and  Ir-shemesh,  ^■- and  •'Shaalabbin,  and  Ajalon, 

and  Jethlah,  "^^and  Elon,  and  Thimnathah.  and  Ekron,  ''^and  Eltekeh, 
and  Gibbethon,  and  Baalath,  ^^  and  Jehud,  and  Bene-berak,  Gath-rim- 

*  Or,  over  against,  mon,  '^^  and  Mc-jarkon,  and  Rakkon.  with  the  border  *before  tJapho. 

^^'st^''"'  "^'^  ^' And  *the  coast  of  the  children  of  Dan  went  out  too  little  for  them  ; 

fcsee  Ju.  iviii.  therefore  the  children  of  Dan  went  up  to  fight  against  Leshem,  and 
took  it,  and  smote  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  possessed  it,  and 
dwelt  therein,  and  called  Leshem,  Dan,  after  the  name  of  Dan  their 
father. — ''*  This  is  the  inheritance  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Dan 
according  to  their  families,  these  cities  with  their  villages. 

'^'^  When  they  had  made  an  end  of  dividing  the  land  for  inheritance 
by  their  coasts,  the  children  of  Israel  gave  an  inheritance  to  Joshua  the 
son  of  Nun  among  them  ;  ^°  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord  they 
gave  him  the  city  which  he  asked,  even  'Timnath-'"serah  in  Mount 
Ephraim  ;  and  he'  built  the  city,  and  dwelt  therein.  ^^  These  "are  the 
inheritances,  which  Eleazar  the  priest,  and  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  and 
the  heads  of  the  fathers  of  the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel,  divided 
for  an  inheritance  by  lot  in  Shiloh   before   the  Lord,  at  the  door  of 
the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.     So  they  made  an  end  of  dividing 
the  country. 
Section  III. —  The  Appointment  of  Cities  of  Refuge  and  Levitical  Cities. 
Joshua  xx.  and  xxi.  1-42. 
God  commandeth,  7  and  the  children  of  Israel  appoint  the  sLv  cities  of  refuge.  — Chap.  xxi.  1  Eight 
andfortij  cities  given  'by  lot,  out  of  the  other  tribes,  unto  the  Levites. 

^  The  Lord  also  spake  unto  Joshua,  saying,  ~  "  Speak  to  the  children 
of  Israel,  saying,  "Appoint  out  for  you  cities  of  refuge,  whereof  I  spake 
unto  you  by  the  hand  of  Moses  ;  ^  that  the  slayer  that  killcth  any  per- 
son unawares  and  unwittingly  may  flee  thither  ;  and  they  shall  be  your 
refuge  from  the  avenger  of  blood.  "*  And  when  he  that  doth  flee  unto 
one  of  those  cities  shall  stand  at  the  entering  of  Hhe  gate  of  the  city, 
and  shall  declare  his  cause  in  the  ears  of  the  elders  of  that  city,  they 
shall  take  him  into  the  city  unto  them,  and  give  him  a  place,  that  he 
may  dwell  among  them.  ^  And  'if  the  avenger  of  blood  pursue  after 
him,  then  they  shall  not  deliver  the  slayer  up  into  his  hand  ;  because 
he  smote  his  neighbour  unwittingly,  and  hated  him  not  beforetime. 
^  And  he  shall  dwell  in  that  city,  ^until  he  stand  before  the  congregation 
for  judgment,  and  until  the  death  of  the  high  priest  that  shall  be  in  those 
days ;  then  shall  the  slayer  return,  and  come  unto  his  own  city.,  and 
unto  his  own  house,  unto  the  city  from  whence  he  fled." 

'  And  they  ^appointed  'Kedesh  in  Galilee  in  Mount  Naphtali,  and 
■^Shcchem  in  Mount  Ephraim,  and  ^Kirjath-arba,  which  is  Hebron,  in 
''the  mountain  of  Judah.  ^  And  on  the  other  side  Jordan  by  Jericho 
eastward,  they  assigned  'Bczer  in  the  wilderness  upon  the  plain  out  of 
the  tribe  of  Reuben,  and  ^Ramoth  in  Gilead  out  of  the  tribe  of  Gad, 
and  Golan  in  Bashan  out  of  the  tribe  of  Manasseh. — ■'  These  Hvere 
the  cities  appointed  for  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  for  the  stranger 
that  sojourneth  among  them,  that  whosoever  killeth  any  person  at  una- 
wares might  flee  thither,  and  not  die  by  the  hand  of  the  avenger  of 
blood,  until  he  stood  before  the  congregation. 

^  Then  came  near  the  heads  of  the  fathers  of  the  Levites  Jos.  xxi. 
unto  'Eleazar  the  priest,  and  tmto  Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,          ^"^^- 


I  Jos.  24. 

30. 

m  1  Ch.  7 

.24. 

n  Nu.  34. 

17. 

SECT 

.  m. 

A.   M. 

2560. 

B.C. 

1444. 

Hales, 

,1582. 

a  Ex.  21. 
35.6,11, 
19.  2,  9. 

13.  Nu. 
,  14.  De. 

d  Nu.  35.  12,  25. 


•  Heb.  savclijied. 
e  1  Ch.  6.  76. 
/■2  Ch.  10.  1. 
g  Jos.  14.  15. 
h  Luke  1.  39. 
i  De.  4.  43.  1  Ch. 

6.  78. 
;•  1  Ki.  22.  3. 
it  Nu.  35.  15. 


Part  II.] 


THE  APPOINTMENT  OF  CITIES  OF  REFUGE,  &c. 


345 


TO  J03.  18.  1. 

»  Nu.  35.  2. 


and  unto  the  heads  of  the  fatliers  of  the  tribes  of  the  children  of  Israel : 
^and  they  spake  unto  them  at  '"Shiloh  in  the  land  of  Canaan,  saying, 
"  The  "Lord  commanded  by  the  hand  of  Moses  to  give  us  cities  to 
dwell  in,  with  the  suburbs  thereof  for  our  cattle.  ^  And  the  children 
of  Israel  gave  unto  the  Levites  out  of  their  inheritance,  at  the  com- 
mandment of  the  Lord,  these  cities  and  their  suburbs, 

'^  And  the  lot  came  out  for  the  families  of  the  Kohathites :  and  the 
seeJos.  24.  33.  children  of  Aaron  the  priest,  which  were  of  the  Levites,  "had  by  lot 
out  of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Simeon,  and  out  of 
the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  thirteen  cities.  ^  And  the  rest  of  the  children  of 
Kohath  had  by  lot  out  of  the  families  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim,  and  out 
of  the  tribe  of  Dan,  and  out  of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  ten  cities. — 
^  And  the  children  of  Gershon  had  by  lot  out  of  the  families  of  the 
tribe  of  Issachar,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Asher,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of 
Naphtali,  and  out  of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh  in  Bashan,  thirteen 
cities. — ^  The  children  of  Merari  by  their  families  had  out  of  the  tribe 
of  Reuben,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Gad,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Zebulun, 
twelve  cities. — ^  And  the  children  of  Israel  gave  by  lot  unto  the  Levites 


p  Nu.  35.  2. 


t  Heb.  called. 


q  1  Ch.  6.  55. 

%   Or,  Kirjath-ar- 

ba,  Ge.  23.  2. 
r  Jos.  15.  13,  14. 
s  Jos.  14.  14. 

1  Ch.  6.  56,  &c. 


these  cities  with  their  suburbs,  ^'as  the  Lord  commanded  by  the  hand 
of  Moses. 

^  And  they  gave  out  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Judah,  and  out 
of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon,  these  cities  which  are  here  tmen- 
tioned  by  name,  ^^  which  the  children  of  Aaron,  being  of  the  families 
of  the  Kohathites,  who  were  of  the  children  of  Levi,  had  :  for  theirs 
was  the  first  lot.  ^^  And  'they  gave  them  tthe  city  of  Arba  the  father 
of  '^Anak,  which  city  is  Hebron,  in  the  hill  country  of  Judah,  with  the 
suburbs  thereof  round  about  it.  ^^  But  'the  fields  of  the  city,  and  the 
villages  thereof,  gave  they  to  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  for  his  pos- 


tJos.  15.  54. 
u  Jos.  15.  42 
V  Jos.  15. 
ID  Jos.  15.  50. 
X  1  Ch.  6.   58, 

mien,  Jos.  15. 

51. 
y  Jos.  15.  49. 
I  1  Ch.  6.  59, 

Ashan,  Jos.   15. 

42. 
a  Jos.  15.  55. 
*  Jos.  15.  10. 
c  Jos.  18.  25. 
d  Jos.  18.  24, 

Gaba. 
e  1  Ch.  6.  60,  Alc- 

mctk. 
/I  Ch.  6.  66. 


^^  Thus  they  gave  to  the  children  of  Aaron  the  priest,  'Hebron  with 

her  suburbs,  to  be  a  city  of  refuge  for  the  slayer ;  "and  Libnah  with 

'^^-        her  suburbs,  ^^  and  "Jattir  with  her  suburbs,  ""and  Eshtemoa  with  her 


g-lCh.  6.  71. 


suburbs, 


id  ""Holon  with  her  suburbs,  "and  Debir  with  her  suburbs, 


'^^  and  ''Ain  with  her  suburbs,  "and  Juttah  with  her  suburbs,  and  'Beth- 
shemesh  with  her  suburbs ;  nine  cities  out  of  those  two  tribes.  ^"^  And 
out  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  'Gibeon  with  her  suburbs,  ''Geba  with  her 
suburbs,  ^^  Anathoth  with  her  suburbs,  and  ^Almon  with  her  suburbs  ; 
four  cities.  ^^  All  the  cities  of  the  children  of  Aaron,  the  priests,  were 
thirteen  cities  with  their  suburbs. 

^°  And  -^the  families  of  the  children  of  Kohath,  the  Levites  which  re- 
mained of  the  children  of  Kohath,  even  they  had  the  cities  of  their  lot 
out  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim.  -^  For  they  gave  them  Shcchem  with  her 
suburbs  in  Mount  Ephraim.  to  be  a  city  of  refuge  for  the  slayer  ;  and 
Gezer  with  her  suburbs,  —and  Kibzaim  with  her  suburbs,  and  Beth- 
horon  with  her  suburbs ;  four  cities.  ~^  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Dan, 
Eltekeh  with  her  suburbs,  Gibbethon  with  her  suburbs  ;  ^^Aijalon  with 
her  suburbs,  Gath-rimmon  with  her  suburbs  ;  four  cities.  ^^  And  out 
of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  Tanach  with  her  suburbs,  and  Gath-rim- 
mon with  her  suburbs  ;  two  cities. — -^  All  the  cities  were  ten  with  their 
suburbs  for  the  families  of  the  children  of  Kohath  that  remained. 

-^  And  °unto  the  children  of  Gershon,  of  the  families  of  the  Levites, 
out  of  the  other  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  they  gave  Golan  in  Bashan 
with  her  suburbs,  to  be  a  city  of  refuge  for  the  slayer ;  and  Beesh-terah 
with  her  suburbs  ;  two  cities.  -^  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Issachar,  Kishon 
with  her  suburbs,  Dabareh  with  her  suburbs,  '-^'^  Jarmuth  with  her 
suburbs,  En-gannim  with  her  suburbs  ;  four  cities.  ^^  And  out  of  the 
tiibe  of  Asher,  Mishal  with  her  suburbs,  Abdon  with  her  suburbs, 
44 


346  LAST  EXHORTATIONS  AND  DEATH  OF  JOSHUA.     [Period  IV. 

31  Helkath  with  her  suburbs,  and  Rehob  with  her  suburbs  ;  four  cities. 

32  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Naphtah,  Kedesh  in  Galilee  with  her  suburbs, 
to  be  a  city  of  refuge  for  the  slayer  ;  and  Hammoth-dor  with  her  suburbs, 
and  Kartan  with  her  suburbs  ;  three  cities. — ^3  ^ji  the  cities  of  the 
Gershonites  according  to  their  families  were  thirteen  cities  with  their 
suburbs. 

ASeeich.  6.77.  34  ^j^ J  ''unto  the  families  of  the  children  of  Merari,  the  rest  of  the 
Levites,  out  of  the  tribe  of  Zebulun,  Jokneam  with  her  suburbs,  and 
Kartah  with  her  suburbs,  ^5  Dimnah  with  her  suburbs,  Nahalal  with 
her  suburbs  ;  four  cities.  ^6  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  Bezer 
with  her  suburbs,  and  Jahazah  with  her  suburbs,  3-  Kedemoth  with 
her  suburbs,  and  Mephaath  with  her  suburbs ;  four  cities,  ^s  And 
out  of  the  tribe  of  Gad,  Ramoth  in  Gilead  with  her  suburbs,  to  be  a 
city  of  refuge  for  the  slayer  ;  and  Mahanaim  with  her  suburbs,  ^9  Hesh 
bon  with  her  suburbs,  Jazer  with  her  suburbs ;  four  cities  in  all. 
''°  So  all  the  cities  for  the  children  of  Merari  by  their  families,  which 
were  remaining  of  the  families  of  the  Levites,  were  by  their  lot  twelve 
cities. 

iNu.35.7.  41  j\^]\  i[\^Q  cities  of  the  Levites  within  the  possession  of  the  children 

of  Israel  were  forty  and  eight  cities  with  their  suburbs.  "^^  These  cities 
were  every  one  with  then  suburbs  round  about  them :  thus  were  all 
these  cities. 


PART  m.  P  A  R  T    1 1 1 . 

A.  ^61.  LAST   EXHORTATIONS   AND   DEATH   OF  JOSHUA. 

"  ^  ^1^3  Joshua  xxi.  43,  to  the  end,  chap,  xxiii.,  and  xxiv. 

'  '  God  gave  the  land,  and  rest  unto  the  Israelites,  according  to  his  promise.  —  Chap,  xxiii.  1  Joshua's 
exhortation  be/ore  his  death,  3by  former  bene/its,  5  by  promises,  11  andby  threatenings.  —  Cliap. 
xxiv.  1  He  assembklh  the  tribes  at  Shechem.  "1  A  brief  histonj  of  God's  benefits  from  Terah. 
14  He  reneweth  the  covenant  between  them  and  God.  26  A  stone  the  witness  of  the  covenant.  29 
Joshua's  age,  death,  and  burial.     32  Joseph's  bones  are  buried.     33  Eleazar  dieth. 

a  See  Go.  12. 7.         43  AND  the  LoRD  gavc  uuto  Isracl  "all  the  land  which  he  sware  to  give 

unto  their  fathers  ;  and  they  possessed  it,  and  dwelt  therein.  "''And 
J  Jog.  11.  23.  &.  ''the  Lord  gave  them  rest  round  about,  according  to  all  that  he  sware 
cDe.^7.24.         ""^o  their  fathers:  'and  there  stood  not  a  man  of  all  their  enemies 

before  them  ;   the  Lord  delivered  all  their  enemies  into  their  hand. 

''^  There  failed  not  aught  of  any  good  thing  which  the  Lord  had  spoken 

unto  the  house  of  Israel ;  all  came  to  pass. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  a  long  time  after  that  the  Lord  had     jos.  xxiii. 

given  rest  unto  Israel  from  all  their  enemies  round  about, 
d.iog.  13. 1.  tiiat  Joshua ''waxed  old  and  *stricken  in  age.  -And  Joshua  'called  for 
*d"f'  """'  """  ^1*  Israel,  and  for  their  elders,  and  for  their  heads,  and  for  their  judges, 
«  Do.'  31.  28.  and  for  their  officers,  and  said  unto  them,  '•  I  am  old  and  stricken  in 
1  CI..  28. 1.  ^^^  .  3  ^j^j  yg  i^j^^g  gg^j^  j^jj  th-^t  the  Lord  your  God  hath  done  unto  all 
/Ex.14. 14.  these  nations  because  of  you  ;  for  -^the  Lord  your  God  is  he  that  hath 
^jo9. 13.2.  fought  for  you.  '  Behold,  'I  have  divided  unto  you  by  lot  these  nations 
tHcb.attAe^«-  that  remain,  to  bean  inheritance  for  your  tribes,  from  Jordan,  with  all 

the  nations   that  I  have  cut  off",  even  unto  the  great   sea  twestward. 

'^  And  the  Lord   your  God,  'he  shall  expel  them  from  before  you,  and 

drive  them  from  out  of  your  sight ;  and  ye  shall  possess  their  land,  'as 


h  Ex.  23.  30.   De. 

11.23. 
i  Nu.  33.  53. 


De.  5.  32.  & 
14. 


the  Lord  your  God  hath  promised  unto  you 


"  ^^  y^  therefore  very  courageous  to  keep  and  to  do  all  that  is  written 
Ep'i.'."'5.Vi".'''""  in  the  Book  of  the  Law  of  Moses,  ^that  ye  turn  not  aside  therefrom 
'^'■4^^"je^'5.''7:  to  the  right  hand  or  to  the  left;  "that  ye  'come  not  among  these 
v'"'-,o"4  '^""   nations,  these  that  remain  among  vou  ;  neither  'make  mention  of  the 

Nu.  32.  38.  '  11  •   I  ii_ 

t  Or, /or  ifyc     iiamc  of  their  gods,  nor  cause  to  swear  by  them,  neither  serve  them, 
De!  iS  ^''"    nor  bow  yourselves  unto  them  :  ^  tbut  cleave  unto  the  Lord  your  God, 


He.  9 
t  Luke  21.  33 


Part  III.]  LAST  EXHORTATIONS  AND  DEATH  OF  JOSHUA.  347 

»  Or,  The,,  the    as  yc  havc  done  unto  this  day.  ^  *For  the  Lord  hath  driven  out  from 

drife^De.n.^.  before  you  great  nations  and  strong;  but  as  for  you,  no  man  hath  been 

mLe.26. 8.  De.  able  to  staucl  bcfore  you  unto  this  day.  ^°  One  '"man  of  you  shall  chase 

Irbu&^ri.  15!  a  thousand  ;  for  the  Lord  your  God,  he  it  is  that  fighteth  for  you,  "as 

„^Ex'T4^i4  &  lie  hath  promised  you.  ^  take  good  heed  therefore  unto  f yourselves, 

"23.27.  De.3;22.  that  ye  love  the  Lord  your  God.  ^~  Else  if  ye  do  in  any  wise  "go  back, 

iHel'iTasT'sg".  and  cleave  unto  the  remnant  of  these  nations,  even  these  that  remain 

2  Pet.  2.'  2o,'2i.'  among  you,  and  ^shall  make  marriages  with  them,  and  go  in  unto  them, 

^fu'^'t  and  they  to  you  ;  ^^  know  for  a  certainty  that  'the  Lord  your  God  will 

r  e".23.33.  nu.  no  morc  drive  out  any  of  these  nations  from  before  you  ;  "but  they  shall 

f Ki^ih 4/' ^"^^  be  snares  and  traps  unto  you,  and  scourges  in  your  sides,  and  thorns 

in  your  eyes,  until  ye  perish  from  off  this  good  land  which  the  Lord 

your  God  hath  given  you. 

s_i  Ki.2._2.  See       14  a  p^^^^  bchold,  this  day  'I  am  going  the  way  of  all  the  earth  :  and 

ye  know  in  all  your  hearts  and  in  all  your  souls,  that  'not  one  thing 

hath  failed  of  all  the   good  things  which   the  Lord  your  God  spake 

concerning  you  ;  all  are  come   to  pass  unto  you,  and  not  one  thing 

u  De.  28. 63.        hath  failed  thereof.  ^^  Therefore  "it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  as  all  good 

things  are  come  upon  you,  which  the  Lord  your  God  promised  you; 

V  Le.26. 16.  De.  SO  shall  the  LoRD  bring  upon  you  "all  evil  things,  until  he  have  destroyed 

28. 15, 16,  &c.     ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^  ^j^jg  g^^j  j^j^^  which  the  Lord  your  God  hath  given  you. 

,  ^6  When  ye  have  transgressed  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  your  God, 

which  he  commanded  you,  and  have  gone  and  served  other  gods,  and 
bowed  yourselves  to  them  ;  then  shall  the  anger  of  the  Lord  be  kin- 
dled against  you,  and  ye  shall  perish  quickly  from  off  the  good  land 
which  he  hath  given  unto  you." 

1  And  Joshua  gathered  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  to  Shechem,    jos.  xxiv. 
and  called  for  the  elders  of  Israel,  and  for  their  heads,  and 
for  their  judges,  and  for  their  officers  ;  and  they  "presented  themselves 
before  God. 

2  And  Joshua  said  unto  all  the  people,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God 
of  Israel,  "^Your  fathers  dwelt  on  the  other  side  of  the  flood  in  old  time, 
even  Terah,  the  father  of  Abraham,  and  the  father  of  Nachor :  and 
^they  served  other  gods.  ^  And  ""I  took  your  father  Abraham  from  the 
other  side  of  the  flood,  and  led  him  throughout  all  the  land  of  Canaan, 

P«-  and  multiplied  his  seed,  and  "gave  him  Isaac.  ^  And  I  gave  unto  Isaac 

'Jacob  and  Esau:  and  I  gave  unto  'Esau,  Mount  Seir,  to  possess  it; 

''but  Jacob  and  his  children  went  down  into   Egypt.  ^I  'sent  Moses 

also  and  Aaron,  and  ^l  plagued  Egypt,  according  to  that  which  I  did 

among  them  ;  and  afterward  I  brought  you  out.  ^  And  I  brought  your 

fathers  out  of  Egypt,  and  ^ye  came  unto  the  sea  ;  and  the   Egyptians 

pursued  after  your  fathers  with  chariots  and  horsemen  unto  the  Red 

Sea.  ■'And  when  they  cried  unto  the  Lord,  he  put  darkness  between 

you  and  the  Egyptians,  and  brought  the  sea  upon  them,  and  covered 

ftDe.  4.34.  &29.  them  ;  and  ''your  eyes  have   seen  what  I  have  done  in  Egypt,  and  ye 

iL.5.6.  dwelt  in  the  wilderness  'a  long  season.  ^  And  I  brought  you  into  the 

jNu.  21.  21,  33.  land  of  the  Amorites,  which  dwelt  on  the  other  side  Jordan,  ^and  they 

De.2.32.&3.i.  ^^^^j^^  ^^,j^h  you  ;  and  I  gave  them  into  your  hand,  that  ye  might  pos- 

t  See  Ju.  11.25.    scss  their  land,  and  I  destroyed  them  from  before  you.  ^Then  ''Balak 

the  son  of  Zippor,  king  of  Moab,  arose  and  warred  against  Israel,  and 

zNu.  22.  5.  De.  'sent  and  called  Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  to  curse  you.  ^"  But  '"I  would 

m  De%3. 5.         not  hcarkcu  unto  Balaam,  "therefore  he  blessed  you  still  ;  so  I  delivered 

«Nu.23.  11,  20.  you  out  of  his  hand.  ^^  And  "ye  went  over  Jordan,  and  came  unto  Jeri- 

o1o!^3!m,i7.&  cho;  and  ^the  men  of  Jericho  fought  against  you,  the  Amorites,  and 

4. 10-12.  '         ^j^g  Perizzites,  and  the  Canaanites,  and  the  Hittites,  and  the  Girgash- 

^1.  &■  li.  i.       "  ites,  the  Hivites,  and  the  Jebusites  ;   and  I  delivered   them  into  your 

'7^20.^' ^'  ^^'  hand.  ^^  And  'I  sent  the  hornet  before  you,  which  drave  them  out  from 


v>  1  Sa.  10.  19. 

iGe. 

11.  26,  31. 

yGe. 

31.  53. 

iGe. 

12.  1.    Acts 

7.2, 

3. 

aGe. 

21.2,3.  Ps. 

127. 

3. 

b  Ge 

.  25.  24-26. 

c  Sef 

i  Ge.  36.  8. 

De. 

2.5. 

d  Ge 

.  46.   1,  6. 

Acts  7.  15. 

cEx. 

3.10. 

/E.X. 

vii.  to  xii. 

fEx 

.  14.  2,  &c. 

348  LAST  EXHORTATIONS  AND  DEATH  OF  JOSHUA.         [Period  IV. 

rPs.44.3, 6.        before  you,  even  the  two  kings  of  the  Amorites  ;  but  ''not  with  thy 

sword,  nor  with  thy  bow.  ^^  And  I  have  given  you  a  land  for  which  ye 

sDe. 6. 10, 11.      (ji(j  j^Q^  labor,  and  "cities  which  ye  built  not,  and  ye  dwell  in  them; 

of  the  vineyards  and  oliveyards  which  ye  planted  not  do  ye  eat. 
*fsk.^i2.^24.  ^* "  ^ow  'therefore  fear  the  Lord,  and  serve  him  in  "sincerity  and 

MGe.  17. 1.  &20.  in  truth;  and  'put  away  the  gods  which  your  fathers  served  on  the 
Ps.  ?f9.  h'a Co.  other  side  of  the  flood,  and  "in  Egypt,  and  serve  ye  the  Lord.  ^^  And 
h  12.  Eph.  G.  jf  [I  seem  evil  unto  you  to  serve  the  Lord,  ""choose  you  this  day  whom 
V  Le.  17.  7.  Ez.  yc  will  scrvc  ;  whether  the  gods  which  your  fathers  served  that  were 
tr  Ez.  20. 7, 8.  &  ^^  ^^^  Other  Side  of  the  flood,  or  "the  gods  of  the  Amorites,  in  whose 
23-  3-  land  ye  dwell :  'but  as  for  me  and  my  house,  we  will  serve  the  Lord." 

*i  kT.  is^ai.' Ez!       ^^  And  the  people  answered  and  said,  "God  forbid  that  we  should 
20.  39.  John  6.  fo,sake  the  Lord,  to  serve  other  gods  ;  i'  for  the  Lord   our  God,  he 
y  Ex.  23.  24,  32,  it  is  that  brought  us  up  and  our  fathers  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  from 
13.' 7.  &  29.  18.'  the  house   of  bondage,  and  which  did  those  great  signs  in  our  sight, 
i^Ge'^is'^ig         ^^^  preserved  us  in  all  the  way  wherein  we  went,  and  among  all  the 
people  through  whom  we  passed.  ^^  And  the  Lord  drave  out  from  be- 
fore us  all  the  people,  even  the  Amorites  which  dwelt  in   the  land  ; 
therefore  will  we  also  serve  the  Lord,  for   he  is  our  God."   ^^  And 
o Mat. 6.24.        Joshua  Said  unto  the  people,  "  Ye  "cannot  serve  the  Lord;  for  he  is 
''(i'^io!%~s. gg.'^si  *^  '^^'X  ^*^^'  '^®  '^  ^  jealous  God,  ''he  will  not  forgive  your  transgres- 
9.  is.s.i'e.      '  sions  nor  your  sins.  -"If  'ye  forsake  the  Lord, and  serve  strange  gods, 
d  Ex.  23.21.        ■'^then  he  will  turn  and  do   you  hurt,  and  consume  you,  after  that  he 
e  1  ch.  28.  9.     hath  done  you  good."  ~^  And  the  people  said  unto  Joshua,  "  Nay  ;  but 
8.22;  I's.  "1.  ^!  we  will  serve  the  Lord."  —And  Joshua  said   unto  the  people,  "  Ye 
17.^13.^^'  ^^'  "'^'  ^''6  witnesses  against  yourselves,  that  ^ye  have  chosen  you  the  Lord, 
/Is.  63. 10.  Acts  to  serve  him."  And  they  said,  "We  are  witnesses."  -^  "  Now  there- 
^Ps.  119. 173.      fore 'put   away,"  said  he,  "  the  strange  gods  which  are   among  you, 
AGe.  35.  2.  ju.  and  incHne  your   heart  unto  the   Lord  God   of  Israel."  -^And   the 
people  said  unto  Joshua,  "  The  Lord  our  God  will  we  serve,  and  his 
t  See  Ex.  15.  25.  voicc  will  WO  obcy."  ~^  So  Joshua  'made  a  covenant  with  the  people 

that  day,  and  set  them  a  statute  and  an  ordinance  in  Shechem.*'"' 
;De.3i.24.  26  ^^^j  Joshua  ^wroto  thcsc  words  in  the  Book  of  the  Law  of  God, 

/cSeeJu.  9. 6.  and  took  *a  great  stone,  and  'set  it  up  there  '"under  an  oak,  that  was 
mGe. 35. 4.  by  thc  sanctuary  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  Joshua  said  unto  all  the  people, 
"J^\o®'n^'  ti'  "  ^^'^old,  this  stone  shall  be  "a  witness  unto  us  ;  "for  it  hath  heard  all 
19^21726.  '  '  the  words  of  the  Lord  which  he  spake  unto  us,  it  shall  be  therefore 
oDe.32.1.  a  witness  unto   you,  lest  ye  deny  your   God."  ^'^  So  ^Joshua  let  the 

people  depart,  every  man  unto  his  inheritance. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  Joshua  the  son   of 

Nun,  the  servant  of  the  Lord,  died,  being  an  hundred  and  ten  years 

9^os.  19. 50.  Ju.    q\([^  30  ^j^jj  jj^gy  buried  him  in  the  border  of  his  iniieritance  in  'Tim- 

nath-serah,  which  is  in  Mount  Ephraim,  on  the  north  side  of  the  hill 

rju.  2. 7,  of  Gaash.  ^'  And  '^Israel  served  the  Lord  all  the  days  of  Joshua,  and 

^thei'Tdml7fi^   ^'^   ^^^  ^^^y^  ^^  ^'^^  elders   that   toverlived   Joshua,   and   which    had 

josiiua.  'known  all  the  works  of  the  Lord,  that  he  had  done  for  Israel. 

'ii.\3.^'^^'^'^       2'- And  'the  bones  of  Joseph,  which  the  children  of  Israel  brought 

t  See  Go.  50. 25.    up   out  of  Egypt,  buricd  they   in  Shcchem,   in   a   parcel   of  ground 

uGe.  33. 19.        "which  Jacob  bought  of  the  sons  of  Hamor  the  father  of  Shechem  for 

*OT,iambs.         an    hundred  *pieces  of  silver;  and  it  became  the  inheritance  of  the 

children  of  Joseph. 

^^  And  Eleazar  the  son  of  Aaron  died  ;  and  they  buried  him  in  a  hill 
"^.'^28.'^'^"'"'     that   pertained  to  "Phinehas  his   son,  which  was  given   him  in  Mount 
Ephraim. 

('")  This  sanctuary  at  Shechem,  in  the  opinion  of  Tiic  synajrocruc  had  its  minister  and  congregation  ; 
the  learned  Jos.  Mede.  was  a  7»Y«rjic/(rt,  or  ])lacp  for  tlie  proscurlia  was  merely  a  piece  of  ground  en- 
prayer;  which  differed  from  the  synagogue,  in  not  closed,  and  considered  sacred  for  the  use  of  any 
being  covered  in.  The  synagogues  were  places  of  stranger  or  inhabitant  who  might  wish  to  pray. — 
worsnip,  and  likewise  for  the  hearing  of  the  Law.  Mede's  Works,  Discourse  xviii.  p.  66,  &c. 


A.  M.  2579. 
B.  C.  1425, 


Part  IV.]  STATE  OF  ISRAEL  AFTER  THE  DEATH  OF  JOSHUA.        349 

PART    IV. 

EVENTS  AFTER  THE  DEATH  OF  JOSHUA. 

SECT.  I.  Section    I.— State  of  Israel  after  the  Death  of  Joshua. 

Judges  i.  and  ii.  1-5. 

1  NOW  after  the  death  of  Joshua  it  came  to  pass,  that  the  children 

Hales,  1565.     ^f  jg^agl  "askcd  the  LoRD,  sayiiig,  "  Who  shall  go  up  for  us  against 

Canaan.       ^j^^  Cauaanltes  first,  to  fight  against  them  ?  "  ^  And   the  Lord  said, 

«Nu  27  21.        "  Judah  ''shall  go  up  ;  behold,  I  have  delivered  the  land  into  his  hand." 

iGe.'49.'8.'        3  And  Judah  said  unto  Simeon  his  brother,  "Come  up  with  me  into 

my  lot,  that  we  may  fight  against  the  Canaanites :  and  I  likewise  will 

go  with  thee  into  thy  lot."   So  Simeon  went  with  him.  "*  And  Judah 

went  up,  and  the  Lord  delivered  the  Canaanites  and  the  Perizzites  into 

c  1  sa.  11. 8.        their  i^and  ;  and  they  slew  of  them  in  'Bezek  ten  thousand  men.  ^  And 

they  found  Adoni-bezek  in  Bezek  ;  and  they  fought  against  him,  and 

they  slew  the  Canaanites  and  the  Perizzites.  "  But  Adoni-bezek  fled ;  and 

they  pursued  after  him,  and  caught  him,  and  cut  oft'  his  thumbs  and 

his  great  toes.  ^  And  Adoni-bezek  said,  "  Threescore   and  ten  kings, 

*Heb.  the  thumbs  havlug  *their  thumbs  and  their  great  toes  cut  oft",  tgathered  their  meat 

llTt^eiffect.  under  my  table  :  "as  I  have  done,  so  God  hath   requited  me."     And 

^  Or,  gleaned.       ^j^^y  brought  him  to  Jcrusalcm,  and  there  he  died. 

^5.'bl!ji  2.']3:       8  Now  'the  children  of  Judah  had  fought   against  Jerusalem,  and 

e  See  Jo..  15. 63.  j^^^  ^^j^^^^  j^^  ^^^  smittcu  it  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and  set  the 

/Jos.  10. 36.  &     city  on  fire.  ^  And  ^afterward   the  children  of  Judah  went   down   to 

11.  21.  &  15. 13.  ^^^^  against  the  Canaanites  that  dwelt  in  the  mountain,  and  in  the 

tor,  low  country,  south,  and  lu  the  tvalley.  lo  And  Judah  went  against  the  Canaanites  that 

^  Jos.  14. 15.  &    dwelt  in  Hebron,  (now  the  name  of  Hebron  before  was  ^Kirjath-arba  ;) 

'"  '''^"-        and  they  slew  Sheshai,  and  Ahiman,  and  Talmai.  ''  And  from  thence 

he  went  against  the  inhabitants   of  Debir ;  and  the   name   of  Debir 

before  was  Kirjath-sepher.  ^'^  And  Caleb  said,"  He  that  smiteth  Kirjath- 

sepher,  and  taketh  it,  to  him  will  I  give  Achsah  my  daughter  to  wife." 

/.ju.3.9.  13  And  Othniel  the  son  of  Kenez,  "Caleb's  younger  brother,  took  it; 

and  he  gave  him  Achsah  his  daughter  to  wife.  '^  And  it  came  to  pass, 

when  she  came  to  him,  that  she   moved   him  to  ask  of  her  father  a 

field :  and   she  lighted   from  off"  her  ass  ;  and   Caleb  said   unto   her, 

"  What  wilt  thou  ?  "  ^^  And  she  said  unto  him,  "  Give  'me  a  blessing  j 

for  thou  hast  given  me  a  south  land,  give  me  also  springs  of  water." 

And  Caleb  gave  her  the  upper  springs  and  the  nether  springs.'"' 

16  And  ^the  children  of  the  Kenite,  Moses'  father-in-law,  went  up 
out  "of  the  city  of  palm  trees  with  the  children  of  Judah  into  the 
wilderness  of  Judah,  which  lieth  in  the  south  of  Arad  ;  'and  they 
went  and  dwelt  among  the  people. 

1^  And  Judah  went  with  Simeon  his  brother,  and  they  slew  the 
Canaanites  that  inhabited  Zephath,  and  utterly  destroyed  it.  And  the 
name  of  the  citv  was  called  Hormah.  ^^  Also  Judah  took  "'Gaza  with 
the  coast  thereof,  and  Askelon  with  the  coast  thereof,  and  Ekron  with 

the  coast  thereof.  ^^  And  "the  Lord  was  with  Judah  ;  and  *he  drave 

*  Or,  he  possessed  ^^^  tlic  inhabitants  of   the  mountain;  but  could   not  drive  out   the 
olr ""is.    inhabitants  of  the  valley,  because   they  had  "chariots  of  iron.  ^'>  And 

CM  This  passage,  relating  to  the  Conquest  of  Kir-  Patrick  is  of  opinion   that  it  was  not  captured  till 

jath-  epher  by  Caleb,  was  mentioned  before  (Josh,  after  the  death  of  Joshua,  owing  toth<,  indolence 

XV   13-20  )  that  the  possessions  of  Judah  might  be  of  the  tribe  of  Judah.     Dr.  Wei  s,  on  the  contiarj 

enuntratid  together^    Bishop    Horsley,  however,  supposes  that  it  was  taken  by  Caleb   nnmediat^^^^^^ 

wishes  it  to  be  expunged  from  the  te.xt,  as  an  inter-  after  it  was  allotted  to  him  by  J^^^ua.     It  is  p  e 

polation  ;  a  proposition  to  which  it  appears  impos-  served  in  its  place  in  this  arrangement,  l^'^ca"^^  ^he 

sible  to  assent."^  "No  reason,"'  he  adds,  "can  be  narrative  is  not  «th"^^2^«e  ^^'"PI'^^^    ,  Bn   pSrTck 

assigned    for   its   insertion."      It   is    not   certainly  \ey's  Bih.  Crit.  vol.  i.;  Dr.  Wells ,  and  Up.  t^atnck 

known  at  what  time  the  city  was  taken.     Bishop  in  loc. 

VOL.    I.  2d 


tGe. 

33.11. 

j  Nu.  4.  11, 
1  Sa.  15.  6. 
1  Ch.  2.  55. 
35.  2. 

17. 
Je. 

kDe. 

,  34.  3. 

ZNu. 

10.32. 

n2Ki.  18.7. 


350  STATE  OF  ISRAEL  AFTER  THE  DEATH  OF  JOSHUA.     [Period  IV. 

^h  ae/jos.^i 4°9;  ''^^^^y  g^^'c  Hebron  unto  Caleb,  as  Moses  said  ;  and  he  expelled  thence 
13.  &  15. 13, 14.'  the  three  sons  of  Anak. 

^1%^^:  ^^'  ^'  ^^  ^''d  'the  children  of  Benjamin  did  not  drive  out  the  Jebusites 
that  inhabited  Jerusalem  ;  but  the  Jebusites  dwell  with  the  children 
of  Benjamin  in  Jerusalem  unto  this  day. 

^-  And  the  house  of  Joseph,  they  also  went  up  against  Beth-el :  and 

'^i!^'J!i8.'i'^'    the  Lord  was  with  them.  -^  And  the  house  of  Joseph  'sent  to  descry 

5Ge.28. 19.        Beth-el;   (now   the  name   of  the   city  before  was 'Luz).  ^^  And  the 

spies  saw  a  man  come  forth  out  of  the  city,  and  they  said  unto  him, 

t Jo8. 2. 12, 14.     "Show   us,  we   pray  thee,  the   entrance  into  the  city,  and  'we  will 

show  thee  mercy."  ^^  And  when  he  showed  them  the   entrance  into 

the  city,  they  smote  the  city  with  the  edge  of  the  sword  ;  but  they 

let  go  the  man  and  all  his  family.  ^^  And  the  man  went  into  the  land 

of  the  Hittites,  and  built  a  city,  and  called  the   name  thereof  Luz  ; 

which  is  the  name  thereof  unto  this  day. 

uJo>.  17.  ji-13.        27  jNj-gjfhgp  «^iy  Manasseh  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of  Beth-shean 

and  her  towns,  nor  Taanach  and  her  towns,  nor   the  inhabitants  of 

Dor  and  her  towns,  nor  the  inhabitants  of  Ibleam  and  her  towns,  nor 

the  inhabitants  of  Megiddo  and  her  towns  ;  but  the  Canaanites  would 

dwell  in  that  land,  ^s  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Israel  was  strong,  that 

they  put  the  Canaanites  to  tribute,  and  did  not  utterly  drive  them  out. 

» Jostle.  10. 1  Ki.       29  jvjeither  "did   Ephraim  drive  out  the  Canaanites   that  dwelt  in 

Gezer  ;  but  the  Canaanites  dwelt  in  Gezer  among  them. 

^^  Neither  did  Zebulun  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of  Kitron,  nor  the 
mJos.  19.  ]5,&c.  "inhabitants  of  Nahalol ;  but  the  Canaanites  dwelt  among  them,  and 
became  tributaries. 

^^  Neither  did  Asher  drive  out  the   inhabitants   of  Accho,  nor  the 
inhabitants  of  Zidon,  nor   of  Ahlab,  nor  of  Achzib,  nor  of  Helbah, 
i  Ps.  106. 34, 35.   nor  of  Aphik,  nor  of  Rehob  ;  ^^but  the  Asherites  ^dwelt   among  the 
Canaanites,  the  inhabitants  of  the  land,  for  they  did  not  drive  them  out. 
^^  Neither  did  Naphtali  drive   out  the  inhabitants  of  Beth-shemesh, 
nor  the  inhabitants  of  Beth-anath  ;   but  he  dwelt  among  the  Canaan- 
ites, the  inhabitants  of  the  land  :   nevertheless  the  inhabitants  of  Beth- 
shemesh  and  of  Beth-anath  became  tributaries  unto  them.  ^'  And  the 
Amorites  forced  the  children  of  Dan  into  the  mountain  ;  for  they  would 
not  suffer  them  to  come  down  to  the  valley.  ^^  But  the  Amorites  would 
dwell  in  Mount  Heres  in  Aijalon,  and  in  Shaalbim  ;  yet  the  hand  of  the 
^Ueh.  was  heavy.  ^Qugg  of  Joscph  Ipievailed,  so  that  they  became  tributaries.  ^'^  And  the 
K^b.^^N^'^i.  ^°^^t  of  the  Amorites  w^as  from  Ithe  going  up  to  Akrabbim,  from  the 
4.  Jos.  15. 3.      rock,  and  upward. 

*OT,aMessmffer.       1  And  *an  Augcl  of  the  Lord  came  up  from  Gilgal  to  Bo-    Judges  ii. 

chim,  and  said,  "  I   made  you  to  go   up   out  of  Egypt,  and         l-^- 

have  brought  you  unto  the  land  which  I  sware  unto  your  fathers  ;  and 

zDe  vV  ^^  *^^^'^'  ^  ^^^^'  never  break   my  covenant  with  you."-'  ^And  ^ye  shall 

oDe.  12.3.         make  no  league  with  the  inhabitants  of  this  land,  "ye  shall  throw  down 

6Ps.  106. 34.       their  altars  ;  ''but  ye  have  not  obeyed   my  voice:  why  have  ye  done 

this  ?  ^  Wherefore  I  also  said,  I  will  not  drive  them  out   from  before 

c  Jos.  23. 13.        you  ;  but  they  shall  be  "as  thorns  in  your   sides,  and  ''their  gods  shall 

rfju.3. 6.  be  'a  snare  unto  you."  ''And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  Angel  of  the 

*34!'i2.  be.V.ie.  Lord  spake  these  words  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel,  that  the  people 

Ps.  106.36.        Wfied  up  tiieir  voice,  and  wept.  ^  And  they  called  the   name  of  that 

]Th^tis,«,eepers.  place  tBochim :  and  they  sacrificed  there  unto  the  Lord. 

C'')  The  Israelites  liaving  now  obtained  posses-  commands,  to  extirpate  idolatry.    They  had  hitherto 

sion   of  the  promised  land,  it  remained  with  them  been  triumphant   over  all    their  opponents  ;   they 

only  to  secure  their  conquests.     They  omitted  to  were   now  in   their  turn  to  be  punislied  for  disobe- 

do  so.    The  Angel  Jehovah  a^^ain  therefore  appear-  dience,  to  be  brourrht  into  subjection,  and  to  learn 

ed  to  them  after  the  death  of  Josliua.  to  remonstrate  that  lesson  from  adversity,  which  they  had  refused 

with   them   for  having  neglected,  according  to  his  to  acquire  in  prosperity. 


Part  IV.]  INTRODUCTION  OF  IDOLATRY  AMONG  THE  ISRAELITES.    351 


A.    M.  2591. 

B.  C.  1413. 

Hales,  1565, 

Canaaa. 


a  Jos.  22.  6.  &.  24 

26,  &c. 


*  Heb.  prolonged 
days  after 
Joshua. 


b  Jos.  19.  50.  &. 
24.30,  Timnath- 
seruh. 


e  Ex.  5.  2.  1  Sa. 

2.  12.  1  Ch.  28. 

9.  Je.  9.  3.  &2S 

16.  Gal.  4.  8. 

2Thes.  1.  8. 

Tit.  I.  16. 
dDe.  31.16. 
e  De.  6.  14. 
/Ex. -20.  5. 


ffJu.S.  7.  &  10. 
6.  Ps.  106.  36. 


SECT.  11.  Section  II. — Introduction  of  Idolatry  among  the  Israelites. 

Judges  ii.  6-13,  chap.  xvii.  and  xviii. 
The  wickedness  of  the  neio  generation  after  Jo«/i«a.  —  Chap.  xvii.  1  Of  the  monetj  that  Micah  first 
stole  then  restored,  his  mother  muketh  images,  5  and  he,  ornaments  for  them.  6  He  hireth  a 
Levite  to  be  his  p/ierf.  — Chap,  xviii.  1  TheDanites  send  five  men  to  seek  out  an  inheritance.  3 
At  the  house  of  Micah  they  consult  with  Jonathan,  and  are  encouraged  in  their  way.  7  They 
search  Laish,  and  bring  back  neivs  of  good  hope.  11  Six  hundred  men  are  sent  to  surprise  it. 
14  In  the  way  they  rob  Micah  of  his  priest  and  his  consecrated  things.  27  They  win  Laish,  and 
call  it  Dan.     30  They  set  up  idolatry,  wherein  Jonathan  inherited  the  priesthood. 

6  And  when  "Joshua  had  let  the  people  go,  the  children  of  Israel 
went  every  man  unto  his  inlieritance  to  possess  the  land.  '  And  the 
people  served  the  Lord  all  the  days  of  Joshua,  and  all  the  days  of 
the  elders  that  *outlived  Joshua,  who  had  seen  all  the  great  works  of 
the  Lord,  that  he  did  for  Israel.  ^  And  "''Joshua  the  son  of  Nun,  the 
servant  of  the  Lord,  died,  being  an  hundred  and  ten  years  old.  ^  And 
they  buried  him  in  the  border  of  his  inheritance  in  'Timnath-heres,  in 
the  mount  of  Ephraim,  on  the  north  side  of  the  hill  Gaash.  i«  And 
also  all  that  generation  were  gathered  unto  their  fathers. 

And  there  arose  another  generation  after  them,  which  'knew  not 
the  Lord,  nor  yet  the  works  which  he  had  done  for  Israel.  ^^  And 
the  children  of  Israel  did  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  served 
Baalim  ;  ^~  and  they  ''forsook  the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers,  which 
brought  them  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  followed  'other  gods,  of 
the  gods  of  the  people  that  were  round  about  them,  and  ^bowed  them- 
selves unto  them,  and  provoked  the  Lord  to  anger.  ^^  And  they  for- 
sook the  Lord,  "^and  served  Baal  and  Ashtaroth.*- — •' 

^  And  there  was  a  man  of  Mount  Ephraim,  whose  name  (14)Jud.  xvii. 
was  Micah.  ~  And  he  said  unto  his  mother,  "  The  eleven 
hundred  shekels  of  silver  that  were  taken  from  thee,  about  which  thou 
cursedst,  and  spakest  of  also  in  mine  ears,  behold,  the  silver  is  with 
I  took  it."  And  his  mother  said,  "  Blessed  'be  thou  of  the  Lord, 
my  son."  ^  And  when  he  had  restored  the  eleven  hundred  shekels  of 
silver  to  his  mother,  his  mother  said,  "  I  had  wholly  dedicated  the 
silver  unto  the  Lord  from  my  hand  for  my  son,  to  'make  a  graven 
image  and  a  molten  image :  now  therefore  I  will  restore  it  unto  thee." 
4  Yet  he  restored  the  money  unto  his  mother ;  and  his  mother  took 
nwo  hundred  shekels  of  silver,  and  gave  them  to  the  founder,  who 
made  thereof  a  graven  image  and  a  molten  image :  and  they  were  in 
the  house  of  Micah.  ^  And  the  man  Micah  had  a  house  of  gods,  and 
made  an  '^ephod,  and  'teraphim,  and  tconsecrated  one  of  his  sons, 
who  became  his  priest.  ^  In  those  days  there  was  no  king  in  Israel, 
'"but  every  man  did  that  which  was  right  in  his  own  eyes. 

^  And  there  was  a  young  man  out  of  "Beth-lehem-judah  of  the  fam- 
ily of  Judah,  who  was  a  Levite,  and  he  sojourned  there.  ^  And  the 
man  departed  out  of  the  city  from  Beth-lehem-judah  to  sojourn  where 
he  could  find  a  place :  and  he  came  to  Mount  Ephraim  to  the  house 
of  Micah,  tas  he  journeyed.  ^  And  Micah  said  unto  him,  "  Whence 
comest  thou  ?"  And  he  said  unto  him,  "  I  am  a  Levite  of  Beth-lehem- 
judah,  and  I  go  to  sojourn  where  I  may  find  a  place."  ^"And  Micah 
suit  ^c.Heu.an  Said  uuto  him,  "  Dwcll  with  me,  and  be  unto  me  "a  father  and  a  priest, 
or/er  of  gar-        ^  J     jn  „[^q  ^\^qq  teu  shckcls  of  sllvcr  by  the  year,  and  *a  suit  of 


ft  See  Ge.  14.  19.     mC 


iSee  Ex.20.  4, 
23.  Le.  19.  4. 


j  Is.  46.  6. 


k  Ju.  8.  27. 
JSeeGe.  31.  19, 

30. 
t  Heb.  filled  the 

hand.  Ex.  29.  9. 

1  Ki.  13.  33. 
m  De.  12.  8. 
n  See  Jos.  19.  15, 

Ru.  1.  1,2.  Jlic, 

5.  2.  Mat.  2.  1, 

5,6. 
J  Ilel).  in  making 

his  way. 

0  Ge.  45.  8. 
*  Or.  a  double 


(1^)  The  death  of  Joshua  is  repeated  as  an  intro- 
duction to  the  ensuing  history  of  the  origin  and 
progress  of  idolatry,  and  of  the  apostacy  among  the 
Israelites.  .       .i   * 

(14)  That  these  chapters,  from  the  seventeentn  to 
the  twenty-first,  inclusive,  ought  to  be  inserted 
here,  will  be  evident,  from  considering  among  other 

reasons —  ,   j       ,         iu 

I.  The  Danites  were  still  unsettled  wnen  tne 
transactions  recorded   in  chapters  xvii.  and   xviii. 


took  place  ;  which  must  therefore  have  been  soon 
after  Joshua's  death. 

II.  Phinehas  was  alive  at  the  battle  of  Gibea. 

III.  The  wickedness  at  Gibea  is  mentioned  (Hos. 
X.  'J.)  as  the  first  open  wickedness  of  Israel,  after 
they  had  taken  possession  of  Canaan.  It  must 
therefore  have  preceded  tlie  offt-nces  for  which 
they  were  brought  into  slavery  by  the  surrounding 
nations.  Vide  Lightfoot  in  loc. ;  Bishop  Patrick, 
and  others. 


9  Ju.  13. 
r  Xu.  13.  17 
Jos.  2.  1. 


352        INTRODUCTION  OF  IDOLATRY  AMONG  THE  ISRAELITES.     [Period  IV. 

apparel,  and  thy  victuals."  So  the  Levite  went  in.  ^^  And  the  Levite 
was  content  to  dwell  with  the  man  ;  and  the  young  man  was  unto  him 
as  one  of  his  sons.  ^-  And  Micah  consecrated  the  Levite ;  and  the 
young  man  became  his  priest,  and  was  in  the  house  of  Micah.  ^^  Then 
said  Micah,  '•  Now  know  I  that  the  Lord  will  do  me  good,  seeing  I 
have  a  Levite  to  my  priest." 

^  In  those  days  there  was  no  king  in  Israel.     And  in  those   Jcd.  xviii. 

p  Jos.  19. 47.       (jj^ys  p^i^Q  tribe  of  the  Danites  sought  them  an  inheritance  to 

dwell  in  ;  for  unto  that  day  all  their  inheritance  had  not  fallen  unto 
them  among  the  tribes  of  Israel.  -  And  the  children  of  Dan  sent  of  their 

fHeb.  ^on*.  family  five  men  from  their  coasts,  tmen  of  valor,  from  'Zorah,  and  from 
Eshtaol,  '^to  spy  out  the  land,  and  to  search  it;  and  they  said  unto 
them,  "  Go,  search  the  land  :"  who  when  they  came  to  Mount  Ephraim, 
to  the  house  of  Micah,  they  lodged  there.  ^  When  they  were  by  the 
house  of  Micah,  they  knew  the  voice  of  the  young  man  the  Levite: 
and  they  turned  in  thither,  and  said  unto  him,  ''  Who  brought 
thee  hither  ?  and  what  makest  thou  in  this  place  ?  and  what  hast  thou 
here  ? "  "*  And  he  said  unto  them,  ''  Thus  and  thus  dealeth  Micah  with 
me,  and  hath  hired  me,  and  I  am  his  priest."  ^  And  they  said  unto 

%o^i' Ho^i^'Ta  ^^^'  "  "'^^"^  'counsel,  we  pray  thee,  of  God,  that  we  may  know  whether 
our  way  which  we  go  shall  be  prosperous."  ^  And  the  priest  said  unto 

tiKi.  22. 6.        them,  "  Go  'in  peace  :  before  the  Lord  is  your  way  wherein  ye  go." 

"ci^fe'd  L^Aem  "  "^'^^^  ^lic  fivc  mcu  departed,  and  came  to  "Laish,  and  saw  the 
people  that  were   therein,  how  they  dwelt  careless,  after   the  manner 

tHeb.pos.-mor,  of  the  Zidouiaus,  quiet  and  secure  ;  and  there  was  no  tmagistrate  in 

Ttraint.  *"  the  land,  that  might  put  them  to  shame  in  any  thing  ;  and  they  were 
far  from  the  Zidonians,  and  had  no  business  with  any  man.  ^  And  they 
came  unto  their  brethren  to  Zorah  and  Eshtaol ;  and  their  brethren 

"a^-ii  2^' ■''"■  ^^'^  ""^^  them,  "What  say  ye?"  '^And  they  said,   "Arise,  "that  we 
'    '  may  go  up  against  them  ;  for  we  have  seen  the  land,  and,  behold,  it  is 

w  1  Ki.  22. 3.  very  good  :  and  are  ye  ""still  ?  be  not  slothful  to  go,  and  to  enter  to 
possess    the    land.    ^^  When    ye  go,    ye    shall    come    unto  a   people 

I  De.  8. 9.  secure,  and  to  a  large  land  ;  for  God  hath  given  it  into  your  hands  ;  ""a 

place  where  there  is  no  want  of  any  thing  that  is  in  the  earth." 

^^  And  there  went  from  thence  of  the  family  of  the  Danites,  out  of 

*iieh.  girded.      Zorah  and  out  of  Eshtaol,  six  hundred  men  ^appointed  with  weapons 

y  Jos.  15. 60.       of  war.  '-  And  they  went  up,  and  pitched  in  "Kirjath-jearim,  in  Judah : 

zju.  13.25.  wherefore  they  called  that  place  "^Mahaneh-dan  unto  this  day  ;  behold, 
it  is  behind  Kirjath-jearim.  ^^And  they  passed  thence  unto  Mount 
Ephraim,  and  came  unto  the  house  of  Micah. 

a  1  Sara.  14. 28.  H  xhcu  "answcred  the  five  men  that  went  to  spy  out  the  country 
of  Laish,  and  said  unto  their  brethren,  "  Do  ye  know  that  there  is  in 
these  houses  an  ephod,  and  teraphim,  and  a  graven  image,  and  a  molten 
image  ?  now  therefore  consider  what  ye  have  to  do."  ^-^  And  they  turned 
thitherward,  and  came  to  the  house  of  the  young  man  the  Levite,  even 

tHeb^asi-^d/m«  unto  tlic  liousc  of  Micah,  aud  tsaluted  him.  i*''And  the  si.\  hundred 
ST.Tsa!  i7!'22."  men  appointed  with  their  weaj)ons  of  war,  which  were  of  the  children 
of  Dan,  stood  by  the  entering  of  the  gate.  '''And  the  five  men  that 
went  to  spy  out  the  land  u'ent  up,  and  came  in  thither,  and  took  the 
graven  image,  and  the  e{)hod,  and  the  teraphim,  and  the  molten  image  ; 
and  the  priest  stood  in  the  entering  of  the  gate  with  the  si.\  hundred 
men  that  were  appointed  with  weapons  of  war.  ^^  And  these  went  into 
Micaii's  house,  and  fetched  the  carved  image,  the  ej)hod,  and  the  tera- 
phim, and  the  molten  image.     Then  said  the  priest  unto  them,  "  What 

*.^?n°Vo^- ■'"'•     do  ye  ?"   ^^  And  thcv  said  unto  him.  '•  Hold   thy   peace,  May   thy  hand 

Mic.  7.  16.  •'  -  '  "    c     1  1  •      ^      ■ 

upon  thy  mouth,  and  go  with  us,  and  be  to  us  a  lather  and  a  priest ;  is 
it  better  for  thee  to  be  a  priest  unto  the  house  of  one  man,  or  that  thou 


Part  IV.] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  LEVITE  OF  EPHRAIM. 


353 


J  Heb.  that  thou 
art  gathered  to- 
gether. 

cGe.  31.30. 


*  Heb.  hitter  of 
saul.  2  Sa.  17.  8. 


d  De.  33.  22. 
eJos.  19.47. 


/  Nu.  13.  21. 

2  Sa.  10.  6. 
g  Jos.  19.  47. 
h  Ge.  14.  14.  Ju. 

20.  1.  1  Ki.  12. 

29,  30.  &  J5.  20. 


iJu.  13.  1.  1  Sa. 

4.2,3,  10,11. 

Ps.  78.  60,61. 
j  Jog.  18.  1.  Ju. 

19.  18.  &.  21.  12. 


be  a  priest  unto  a  tribe  and  a  family  in  Israel  ? "  ^o  And  the  priest's 
heart  was  glad,  and  he  took  the  ephod,  and  the  teraphim,  and  the 
graven  image,  and  went  in  the  midst  of  the  people,  ^i  go  they  turned 
and  departed,  and  put  the  little  ones  and  the  cattle  and  the  carriage 
before  them. 

--  And  when  they  were  a  good  way  from  the  house  of  Micah,  the 
men  that  were  in  the  houses  near  to  Micah's  house  were  gathered  to- 
gether, and  overtook  the  children  of  Dan.  ^s^nd  they  cried  unto  the 
children  of  Dan.  And  they  turned  their  faces,  and  said  unto  Micah, 
"  What  aileth  thee,  Ithat  thou  comest  with  such  a  company  ?  "  ^4  And 
he  said,  "  Ye  'have  taken  away  my  gods  which  I  made,  and  the  priest, 
and  ye  are  gone  away  :  and  what  have  I  more  ?  and  what  is  this  that  ye 
say  unto  me,  'What  aileth  thee  ? '"  25  And  the  children  of  Dan  said  unto 
him,  "  Let  not  thy  voice  be  heard  among  us,  lest  *angry  fellows  run 
upon  thee,  and  thou  lose  thy  life,  with  the  lives  of  thy  household." 
^^  And  the  children  of  Dan  went  their  way  :  and  when  Micah  saw  that 
they  were  too  strong  for  him,  he  turned  and  went  back  unto  his  house. 
2^  And  they  took  the  things  which  Micah  had  made,  and  the  priest 
which  he  had,  and  "came  unto  Laish,  unto  a  people  that  were  at  quiet 
and  secure  ;  'and  they  smote  them  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  and 
burnt  the  city  with  fire.  ^^  And  there  was  no  deliverer,  because  it  was 
far  from  Zidon,  and  they  had  no  business  with  any  man ;  and  it  was 
in  the  valley  that  lieth  ^y  Beth-rehob. 

And  they  built  a  city,  and  dwelt  therein.  ^^And  ^they  called  the  name 
of  the  city  "Dan,  after  the  name  of  Dan  their  father,  who  was  born 
unto  Israel :  howbeit  the  name  of  the  city  was  Laish  at  the  first.  3*^  And 
the  children  of  Dan  set  up  the  graven  image  ;  and  Jonathan,  the  son 
of  Gershom,  the  son  of  Manasseh,  he  and  his  sons  were  priests  to  the 
tribe  of  Dan  'until  the  day  of  the  captivity  of  the  land,  ^i  And  they 
set  them  up  Micah's  graven  image,  which  he  made,  ^all  the  time 
that  the  house  of  God  was  in  Shiloh. 


SECT.  III. 

A.  M.  2.591. 
B.  C.  1413. 
Hales,  1561. 

Beth-lehem-ju- 
dah:Gibeiih. 


aJu.  17.6.  & 


*  Heb.  a  woman 
a  concubine,  or, 
a  wife  a  concu- 
bine. 

6  Ju.  17.  7. 

■f  Or,  a  year  and 
four  niimths. 
Heb.  days  four 
months. 

t  Heb.  to  her 
heart.  Ge.  34.  3. 


Section    III. — History  of  the  Levite  of  Ephraim  ; — War  ivith  Benjamin 

and  the  rest  of  the  Tribes. 

Judges  xix.,  xx.,  and  xxi. 

A  Levite  goeth  to  Beth-lehem  to  fetch  home  his  luife.  16  An  old  man  entertaineth  him  at  Gibeah.  22 
The  Gibeonites  abuse  his  concubiiie  to  death.  29  He  divideth  her  into  twelve  pieces  to  send  them 
to  the  twelve  tribes.  —  Chap.  xx.  1  The  Levite  in  a  general  assembly  declareth  his  wrong.  8  The 
decree  of  the  assembly.  12  The  Benfamiies,  being  cited,  make  head  against  the  Israelites.  18 
The  Israelites  in  two  battles  lose  forty  thousand.  26  They  destroy  by  a  stratagem  all  the  Benja- 
mites,  except  six  hundred.  —  Chap.  xxi.  1  The  people  beivail  the  desolation  of  Benjamin.  8  By 
the  destruction  of  Jabesh-gilead  they  provide  them  four  hundred  wives.  16  They  advise  them  to 
surpiise  the  virgins  that  danced  at  Shiloh. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  those  days,  "when  there  was  no  king  in 
Israel,  that  there  was  a  certain  Levite  sojourning  on  the  side  of  Mount 
Ephraim,  who  took  to  him  *a  concubine  out  of  'Beth-lehem-judah. 
2  And  his  concubine  played  the  whore  against  him,  and  went  away 
from  him  unto  her  father's  house  to  Beth-lehem-judah,  and  was  there 
tfour  whole  months. 

^  And  her  husband  arose,  and  went  after  her,  to  speak  tfriendly  unto 
her,  and  to  bring  her  again,  having  his  servant  with  him,  and  a  couple 
of  asses  ;  and  she  brought  him  into  her  father's  house,  and  when  the 
father  of  the  damsel  saw  him,  he  rejoiced  to  meet  him.  '^  And  his 
father-in-law,  the  damsel's  father,  retained  him  ;  and  he  abode  with  him 
three  days :  so  they  did  eat  and  drink,  and  lodged  there. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  fourth  day,  when  they  arose  early  in 
the  morning,  that  he  rose  up  to  depart :  and  the  damsel's  father  said  unto 
his  son-in-law,  "  *Comfort  thy  heart  with  a  morsel  of  bread,  and  after- 
ward go  your  way."  «  And  they  sat  down,  and  did  eat  and  drink  both 
of  them  together ;  for  the  damsel's  father  had  said  unto  the  man,  "  Be 
45  2i,* 


354  HISTORY  OF  THE  LE\^TE  OF  EPHRAIM.        [Pekiod  IV 

content.  I  pray  thee,  and  tarry  all  night,  and  let  thy  heart  be  merr}\" 
'  And  when  the  man  rose  up  to  depart,  his  father-in-law  urged  him  ; 
therefore  he  lodged  there  again.  =  And  he  arose  early  in  the  morning  on 
the  fifth  day  to  depart ;  and  the  damsel's  father  said,  •'•'  Comfort  thy  heart, 

t  Hteb^  dot,  I  pray  thee."  And  they  tarried  until  'afternoon,  and  they  did  eat  both  of 
them.  ^  And  when  the  man  rose  up  to  depart,  he,  and  his  concubine,  and 
his  servant,  his  father-in-law,  the  dcunsers  father,  said  unto  him,  ••  Behold, 

X  Heb.  is  leeak.     jjQ^y  t^g  Jay  Jdraweth  toward  evening,  I  pray  you  tarry  all  night:  be- 

*^Liu^of  hold,  "the  day  groweth  to  an  end,  lodge  here,  that  thy  heart  may  be 
t^d^y-  merry;  and  to-morrow  get  you  early  on  your  way.  that   thou   mayest 

f  Beb.  u>  ua,  taiL  go  +home."   ^"  But  the  man  would  not  tarry  that  night,  but  he  rose  up 

XBeb.  toner      a.nd  departed,  and  came  lover  against  Jebus,  which  is  Jerusalem  ;  and 

2a"         '       there  were  with  him  two  asses  saddled,  his  concubine  also  was  with 

him.  ^^  And  when  they  were  by  Jebus,  the  day  was  far  spent :  and  the 

servant  said  unto  his  master,  •'  Come,  I  pray  thee,  and  let  us  turn   in 

'j^'iU'Liii    unto  this  city  'of  the  Jebusites,  and  lodge  in  it."   '-  And  his  master  said 
5-6.  unto  him,  ••  We  will  not  turn  aside  hither  into  the  city  of  a  stranger, 

d  Jos.  18. 28.  ^}^^^  jg  j^Q^  ^f  ^l^g  children  of  Israel  :  we  will  pass  over  "to  Gibeah." 
13  And  he  said  unto  his  servant,  •'•  Come,  and  let  us  draw  near  to  one 

« Jos.  18.  25.  of  these  places  to  lodge  all  night,  in  Gibeah,  or  in  Tvamah."  ^^And 
they  passed  on  and  went  their  way;  and  the  sun  went  down  upon 
them  when  they  were  by  Gibeah,  which  belongeth  to  Benjamin.  ^^And 
thev  turned  aside  thither,  to  go  in  and  to  lodge  in  Gibeah :  and  when 
he  went  in,  he  sat  him  down  in  a  street  of  the  city  ;  for  there  was  no 

/Ma^25. 43.  He.  j^an  that 'took  them  into  his  house  to  lodging. 

^Ps.  1M.23.  ^'^  And,  behold,  'there  came  an  old  man  from  his  work  out  of  the 

field  at  even,  which  was  also  of  Mount  Ephraim;  and  he  sojourned  in 
Gibeah,  but  the  men  of  the  place  were  Benjamites.  '"  And  when  he 
had  hfted  up  his  eyes,  he  saw  a  wayfaring  man  in  the  street  of  the 
city;  and  the  old  man  said,  ••  Whither  goest  thou?  and  whence comest 
thou  ?"  1*  And  he  said  unto  him,  '•  We  are  passing  from  Beth-lehem- 
judah  toward  the  side  of  Mount  Ephraim  ;  from   thence  am  I :   and  I 

*8"3/Vsa^T     ^^'^"^  ^^  Beth-lehem-judah,  but  I  am  now  going  to  Hhe  house  of  the 
afv.''^  *■  ■    Lord  ;  and  there  is  no  man  that  *receiveth  me  to  house.  ^^  Yet  there 

* Jithb^"^^'^'  is  both  straw  and  provender  for  our  asses  ;  and  there  is  bread  and  wine 
also  for  me,  and  for  thy  handmaid,  and  for  the  young  man  which  is 
with  thv  servants  :  there  is  no  want  of  any  thing."  ^'  And  the  old  man 

'e^ai!^'^'  ^"'    said,  "  Peace  'be  with  thee  ;  howsoever  let  all  thy  wants  lie  upon  me  ; 

jG«.  19.2.         .^only  lodge  not  in  the  street."  ^^  So  'he  brought  him  into  his  house, 

*S'i?.'rJohr.    and'gave'^provender  unto   the  asses ;  'and  they  washed  their  feet,  and 
J3-5-^-|^g"^  did  eat  and  drink. 

«.  See  (^'.19. 4,        ^- .\ow  as  they  Were  making  their  hearts  merry,  behold,  "the  men 

»1>'c  13  13  o^  ^^^  ^^^y-  certain  "sons  of  Belial,  beset  the  house  round  about,  and 
beat  at  the  door,  and  spake  to  the  master  of  the  house,  the  old  man, 
saying,  "  Brinir  forth  the  man  that  came  into  thy  house,  that  we  rnay 
know^him."  '^^  And  the  man,  the  master  of  the  house,  went  out  unto 
them,  and  .said  unto  them,  '•^'ay,  my  brethren,  nay,  I  pray  you,  do  not 

o2Sa.  13. 12.  so  wickcdlv  ;  seeing  that  this  man  is  come  into  my  house,  "do  not  this 
follv.  '^^  Behold,  here  is  my  daughter  a  maiden,  and  his  concubine;  them 

p^Ge.  34. 2.  De.    J  ^^-jij  \y^\^y,  ^ut  now,  and'^'humblc  ye  them,  and  do  with  them  what 

\vieb.'ou  matter   sccmeth  good  unto  vou  :  but  unto  this  man  do   not  +so  vile  a  thing." 
oftMsM^.       .25  g^^  the  men  would  not  hearken  to  him ;  so  the  man  took  his  concu- 
bine, and   brought   her  forth   unto  them.     And   they  knew  her,  and 
abused  her  all  the  night  until  the  morning  ;  and  when  the  day  began  to 
sprinsr.  they  let  her  go. 

-'"'  Then  came  the  woman  in  the  dawning  of  the  day,  and  fell  down 
at  the  door  of  the  man's  house  where  her  lord  was  till  it  was  light. 


Part  IV-l  HISTORY  OF  THE  LEVITE  OF  EPHRAIM.  355 

-■''And  her  lord  rose  up  in  the  morning,  and  opened  the  doors  of  the 
house,  and  went  out  to  go  his  way  ;  and,  behold,  the  woman  his  con- 
cubine was  fallen  down  at  the  door  of  the  house,  and  her  hands  were 
upon  the  threshold!  ^^And  he  saiu  unto  her,  "Up!  and  let  us  be 
going."  But  none  answered.  Then  the  man  took  her  up  upon  an  ass, 
and  the  man  rose  up,  and  gat  him  unto  his  place. 

29  And  when  he  was  come  into  his  house,  he  took  a  knife,  and  laid 

9  See  1  sa.  u.  7.  j^q]^  q^  his  concubinc,  and  'divided  her,  together  with  her  bones,  into 
twelve  pieces,  and  sent  her  into  all  the  coast  of  Israel.  ^°  And  it  was 
so,  that  all  that  saw  it  said,  "  There  was  no  such  deed  done  nor  seen 
from  the  day  that  the  children  of  Israel  came  up  out  of  the  land  of 

rPr.  13. 10.  Egypt  unto  this  day:  consider  of  it, 'take  advice,  and  speak  your 
minds." 

s  Be. ^13.  u.  Jos.  1  Then 'all  the  children  of  Israel  went  out,  and  the  con-  Jud.  xx. 
gregation  was  gathered  together  as  one  man,  from  'Dan  even 

'aV^ala.s.^*'  to  Beer-sheba,  with  the  land  of  Gilead,   unto  the   Lord  "in  Mizpeh. 
lo.&ks.        2^j^(j  tj^g  chief  of  all  the  people,  even  of  all  the   tribes  of  Israel,  pre- 

VLiL'isa.'?.    sented  themselves  in  the  assembly  of  the  people  of  God,  four  hundred 

5.  &  10^  17.  thousand  footmen  "that  drew  sword.  ^  (Now  the  children  of  Benjamin 
heard  that  the  children  of  Israel  were  gone  up  to  Mizpeh.)  Then  said 
the  children  of  Israel,  "  Tell  us  how  was   this  wickedness  ?  "    "*  And 

^tAe'^Le^ue""'"'  ^^^^^  Lcvitc,  thc  husbaud  of  the  woman  that  was  slain,  answered  and 
said,  "  I  came  into  Gibeah  that  belongeth  to  Benjamin,  I  and  my  con- 
cubine, to  lodge.  ^  And  the  men  of  Gibeah  rose  against  me,  and  beset 
the  house  round  about  upon  me  by  night,  and  thought  to  have  slain  me  ; 

*  Heb.  humbled,  and  my  concubine  have  they  *forced  that  she  is  dead.  ^  And  I  took  my 
concubine,  and  cut  her  in  pieces,  and  sent  her  throughout  all  the  coun- 

wjos.  7. 15.  try  of  the  inheritance  of  Israel;  for  they  "have  committed  lewdness 
and  folly  in  Israel.  ^  Behold,  ye  are  all  children  of  Israel ;  give  here 
your  advice  and  counsel." 

^  And  all  the  people  arose  as  one  man,  saying,  "We  will  not  any 
of  us  go  to  his  tent,  neither  will  we  any  of  us  turn  into  his  house.  ^  But 
now  this  shall  be  the  thing  which  we  will  do  to  Gibeah  ;  we  will  go  up 
by  lot  against  it ;  '°  and  we  will  take  ten  men  of  an  hundred  through- 
out all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  and  an  hundred  of  a  thousand,  and  a  thou- 
sand out  of  ten  thousand,  to  fetch  victual  for  the  people,  that  they  may 
do,  when  they  come  to  Gibeah  of  Benjamin,  according  to  all  the  folly 
that  they  have  wrought  in  Israel."  ^^  So  all   the  men  of  Israel   were 

iHeh. fellows,      gathered  against  the  city,  tknit  together  as  one  man. 

"^aa.^ia^ie.*'  ^°'"  ^~  ^"d  "^the  tribes  of  Israel  sent  men  through  all  the  tribe  of  Benja- 
min, saying,  "  What  wickedness  is  this  that  is  done  among  you  ?  ^^  Now 

y  De.  13. 13.        therefore  deliver   us   the   men,  ^the  children  of  Belial,  which  are  in 

iDe.  17. 12.  Gibeah,  that  we  may  put  them  to  death,  and  ''put  away  evil  from 
Israel."  But  the  children  of  Benjamin  would  not  hearken  to  the  voice 
of  their  brethren  the  children  of  Israel ;  ^^but  the  children  of  Benjamin 
gathered  themselves  together  out  of  the  cities  unto  Gibeah,  to  go  out 
to  battle  against  the  children  of  Israel.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Benjamin 
were  numbered  at  that  time  out  of  the  cities  twenty  and  six  thousand 
men  that  drew  sword,  besides  the  inhabitants  of  Gibeah,  which  were 
numbered  seven  hundred  chosen  men.  ^^  Among  all  this  people  there 

<iju. 3. 15.  ich.  M'ere  seven  hundred  chosen  men  "left-handed;  every  one  could  sling 
stones  at  a  hair  breadth,  and  not  miss.  ^"^  And  the  men  of  Israel, 
besides  Benjamin,  were  numbered  four  hundred  thousand  men  that 
drew  sword  :    all  these  were  men  of  war. 

^*  And  the  children  of  Israel  arose,  and  went  up  to  the  house  of  God, 

*i!^h^"'^''^"'  ^"^^  ''asked  counsel  of  God,  and  said,  "Which  of  us  shall  go  up  first 
to  the  battle  against  the  children  of  Benjamin  ? "  And  the  Lord  said, 


356  HISTORY  OF  THE  LEVITE  OF  EPHRAIM.         [Period  IV. 

"  Judah  shall  go  up  first."  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  rose  up  in  the 
morning,  and  encamped  against  Gibeah.  ^°  And  the  men  of  Israel  went 
out  to  battle  against  Benjamin  ;  and  the  men  of  Israel  put  themselves 

« G».  49.97.  in  array  to  fight  against  them  at  Gibeah.  -'  And  ^the  children  of  Benja- 
min came  forth  out  of  Gibeah,  and  destroyed  down  to  the  ground  of 
the  Israelites  that  day  twenty  and  two  thousand  men. 

^^  And  the  people  the  men  of  Israel  encouraged  themselves,  and  set 
their  battle  again  in  array  in  the  place  where  they  put  themselves  in 
array  the  first  day.  ^^  (And  the  children  of  Israel  went  up  and  wept 
before  the  Lord  until  even,  and  asked  counsel  of  the  Lord,  saying, 
"  Shall  I  go  up  again  to  battle  against  the  children  of  Benjamin  my 
brother?"  And  the  Lord  said,  "Go  up  against  him.")  ^^And  the 
children  of  Israel  came  near  against  the  children  of  Benjamin  the  second 
day.  ^^  And  Benjamin  went  forth  against  them  out  of  Gibeah  the  second 
day,  and  destroyed  down  to  the  ground  of  the  children  of  Israel  again 
eighteen  thousand  men :  all  these  drew  the  sword. 

^^  Then  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  all  the  people,  went  up,  and 
came  unto  the  house  of  God,  and  wept,  and  sat  there  before  the  Lord, 
and  fasted  that  day  until  even,  and  oflTered  burnt  offerings  and  peace 
offerings  before  the  Lord.  ~"  And  the  children  of  Israel  inquired  of  the 

''4"|°3'i.^' ^' ^^*'  Lord,  (for  ''the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  God  was  there  in  those  days, 

« Jos.  24. 33.       28j^j^^j  Thinehas,  the  son  of  Eleazar,  the  son  of  Aaron, -^stood  before  it 

^Fq.'s]^'^'^  i«  those  days.)  saying,  '"Shall  I  yet  again  go  out  to  battle  against  the 
children  of  Benjamin  my  brother,  or  shall  I  cease  ?  "  And  the  Lord 
said,   "  Go  up  ;  for  to-morrow  I  will  deliver  them  into  thy  hand." 

^  So  Jos.  8. 4.  29  ^j^j  Israel  ^set  liers  in  wait  round  about  Gibeah.  ^"^  And  the  chil- 

dren of  Israel  went  up  against  the  children  of  Benjamin  on  the  third 
day,  and  put  themselves  in  array  against  Gibeah,  as  at  other  times. 
^^  And  the  children  of  Benjamin  went  out  against  the  people,  and  were 

^tA^^'peopiI^iuni  drawn  away  from  the  city ;  and  they  began  Uo  smite  of  the  people, 
ed  <Ls  at,  4-c.       and  kill,  as  at  other  times,  in  the  highways,  of  which  one  goeth  up  to 

*0i,  Bethel.  *j^j^^  house  of  God,  and  the  other  to  Gibeah  in  the  field,  about  thirty 
men  of  Israel.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Benjamin  said,  "  They  are  smitten 
down  before  us,  as  at  the  first."  But  the  children  of  Israel  said,  "  Let 
us  flee,  and  draw  them  from  the  city  unto  the  highways."  ^-^And  all 
the  men  of  Israel  rose  up  out  of  their  place,  and  put  themselves  in  array 
at  Baal-tamar ;  and  the  liers  in  wait  of  Israel  came  forth  out  of  their 
places,  even  out  of  the  meadows  of  Gibeah.  ^^And  there  came  against 
Gibeah  ten  thousand  chosen  men  out  of  all  Israel,  and  the  battle  was 

*47?  n^' ^^' ^''  sore;  ''but  they  knew  not  that  evil  was  near  them.  ^^And  the  Lord 
smote  Benjamin  before  Israel  ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  destroyed  of 
the  Benjamites  that  day  twenty  and  five  thousand  and  an  hundred 
men :  all  these  drew  the  sword.  ^^  So   the  children  of  Benjamin  saw 

i  Jos.  8. 15.  ^i^at  they  were  smitten  ;  "for  the  men  of  Israel  gave  place  to  the  Ben- 
jamites, because  they  trusted  unto  the  liers  in  wait  which  they  had  set 

j  Jos.  8. 19.         beside  Gibeah.  ^'  And  ^  the  liers  in  wait  hasted,  and  rushed  upon  Gibeah  ; 

^ sTulid^vttii^""  and  the  hers  in  wait  tdrew  themselves  along,  and  smote  all  the  city 
tru.mpeL^.  Jos.      ^y[^]^  ^\^q  g^jg^  gf  ^j^g  sword.  ^^  Now  thcrc  was  au  appointed  tsign  be- 

t  Or,  tivie.  tween  the  men  of  Israel  *and  the  liers  in  wait,  that  they  should  make 

*  Heb  with.         a  great  f  flame  with  smoke  to  rise  up  out  of  the  city.  ^^  And  when  the 
tHlb  to  ^iSiTtL  ^^^  ^^  Israel  retired  in  the  batde,  Benjamin  began  tto  smite  and  kill 

ttouniied.*  of  the  men  of  Israel  about  thirty  persons  ;  for  they  said,  "  Surely  they 

are  smitten  down  before  us,  as  in  the  first  battle."  '*''  But  when  the 
flame   began  to  arise  up  out  of  the   city  with  a  pillar  of  smoke,  the 

*  He^b.^rtTifWe    Benjamites  ^looked  behind   them,  and,  behold,  *the  flame   of  the  city 
conmimption.       asccudcd  up  to  hcavcn  !  '^^  And  when  the  men  of  Israel  turned  again, 

^^  '""'*"'      the  men  of  Benjamin  were  amazed  ;  for  they  saw  that  evil  twas  come 


Part  IV.] 


HISTORY  OF  THE  LEVITE  OF  EPHRAIM. 


357 


chah. 
*  Heb.  imto  over 
against. 


fHeb. 


upon  them.  ''^  Therefore  they  turned  their  backs  before  the  men  of 
Israel  unto  the  way  of  the  wilderness  ;  but  the  battle  overtook  them  : 
and  them  which  came  out  of  the  cities  they  destroyed  in  the  midst  of 
them.  ''^  Thus  they  enclosed  the  Benjamites  round  about,  and  chased 
I  Or  jrcnn  Menu-  ^i^g^^^  Q-ud  trodc  them  dowu  twith  ease  *over  against  Gibeah  toward 
the  sunrising.  '*^  And  there  fell  of  Benjamin  eighteen  thousand  men : 
all  these  were  men  of  valor. 

'^^  And  they  turned  and  fled  toward  the  wilderness  unto  the  rock  of 
'Rimmon ;  and  they  gleaned  of  them  in  the  highways  five  thousand 
men,  and  pursued  hard  after  them  unto  Gidom,  and  slew  two  thousand 
men  of  them.  ^^  So  that  all  which  fell  that  day  of  Benjamin  were  twenty 
and  five  thousand  men  that  drew  the  sword ;  all  these  were  men  of 
valor.  '^■^  But  six  hundred  men  turned  and  fled  to  the  wilderness  unto 
the  rock  Rimmon,  and  abode  in  the  rock  Rimmon  four  months.  ^^  And 
the  men  of  Israel  turned  again  upon  the  children  of  Benjamin,  and 
smote  them  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  as  well  the  men  of  every  city, 
as  the  beast,  and  all  that  tcame  to  hand ;  also  they  set  on  fire  all  the 
jHeb.ioere/ottn(f.  cities  that  Uhcy  came  to. 

1  Now  the  men  of  Israel  had  sworn  in  Mizpeh,  saying,  Jud.  xxi. 
"  There  shall  not  any  of  us  give  his  daughter  unto  Benjamin 
to  wife."  2  And  the  people  came  to  the  house  of  God,  and  abode  there 
tin  even  before  God,  and  hfted  up  their  voices,  and  wept  sore  ;  ^  and 
said,  "  O  Lord  God  of  Israel,  why  is  this  come  to  pass  in  Israel,  that 
there  should  be  to-day  one  tribe  lacking  in  Israel?"  '^And  it  came  to 
m2Sa.24.25.  pass  ou  the  morrow,  that  the  people  rose  early, '"and  built  there  an 
altar,  and  offered  burnt  oflferings  and  peace  offerings. 

^  And  the  children  of  Israel  said,  "  Who  is  there  among  all  the  tribes 
of  Israel  that  came  not  up  with  the  congregation  unto  the  Lord  ?" 
nJu.5.23,  "Pqj.  they  had  made  a  great  oath  concerning  him  that  came  not  up  to 

the  Lord  to  Mizpeh,  saying,  "He  shall  surely  be  put  to  death."  ''And 
the  children  of  Israel  repented  them  for  Benjamin  their  brother,  and 
said,  "  There  is  one  tribe  out  off"  from  Israel  this  day.  '  How  shall  we 
do  for  wives  for  them  that  remain,  seeing  we  have  sworn  by  the  Lord 
that  we  will  not  give  them  of  our  daughters  to  wives?  " 

s  And  they  said,  "  What  one  is  there  of  the  tribes  of  Israel  that  came 
not  up  to  Mizpeh  to  the  Lord  ? "  And,  behold,  there  came  none  to 
the  camp  from  "Jabesh-gilead  to  the  assembly.  ^  For  the  people  were 
numbered,  and,  behold,  there  were  none  of  the  inhabitants  of  Jabesh- 
gilead  there.  ^^  And  the  congregation  sent  thither  twelve  thousand  men 
of  the  valiantest,  and  commanded  them,  saying,  "  Go  ^and  smite  the 
inhabitants  of  Jabesh-gilead  with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  with  the 
women  and  the  children.  ^^  And  this  is  the  thing  that  ye  shall  do,  'Ye 
shall  utterly  destroy  every  male,  and  every  woman  that  *hath  lain  by 
man."  ^~  And  they  found  among  the  inhabitants  of  Jabesh-gilead  four 
hundred  tyoung  virgins,  that  had  known  no  man  by  lying  with  any 
male  ;  and  they  brought  them  unto  the  camp  to  'Shiloh,  which  is  in  the 
land  of  Canaan. 

1=^  And  the  whole  congregation  sent  some  tto  speak  to  the  children 
of  Benjamin  that  were  in  the  rock  Rimmon,  and  to  *call  peaceably  unto 
them.  I''  And  Benjamin  came  again  at  that  time  ;  and  they  gave  them 
wives  which  they  had  saved  alive  of  the  women  of  Jabesh-gilead :  and 
yet  so  they  sufficed  them  not.  ^^  And  the  people  repented  them  for 
Benjamin,  because  that  the  Lord  had  made  a  breach  in  the  tribes  of 
Israel. 

^^  Then  the  elders  of  the  congregation  said,  "  How  shall  we  do  for 
wives  for  them  that  remain,  seeing  the  women  are  destroyed  out  of 
Benjamin  ?  "  ^^  And  they  said,  "  There  must  be  an  inheritance  for  them 


0  1  Sa.  U.  1.  & 
31.  11. 


p  Ju.  5.  23.  1  Sa. 
11.7. 


q  Nu.  31.  17. 
*  Heb.  knowetk 

the  lying  with 

vian. 
I  Heb.  young 

women  virgins. 
rJos.  18.1. 


♦  Or,  proclaim 
peace.  De.  20. 10. 


35fi 


SERVITUDE  OF  THE  EASTERN  ISRAELITES.        [Period  IV. 


t  Heb.  from  year 

to  year. 
I  Or,  toxcard  Ike 

sunrisijw. 
•  Or,  on." 

t  See  Ex.  15.  20. 


t  Or,  Gratify  i 
tn  them. 


u  Ju.  17.  6.  &  18. 

].&  19.  1. 
t)  De.  12.  8.  Ju. 

17.6. 


that  be  escaped  of  Benjamin,  that  a  tribe  be  not  destroyed  out  of  Israel. 
1^  Howbeit  we  may  not  give  them  wives  of  our  daughters  ;  'for  the 
children  of  Israel  have  sworn,  saying,  '  Cursed  be  he  that  giveth  a  wife 
to  Benjamin! '  " 

^'^  Then  they  said,  "  Behold,  there  is  a  feast  of  the  Lord  in  Shiloh 
tyearly  in  a  place  which  is  on  the  north  side  of  Beth-el,  ton  the  east 
side  *of  the  highway  that  goeth  up  from  Beth-el  to  Shechem,  and  on 
the  south  of  Lebonah."  ^^  Therefore  they  commanded  the  children  of 
Benjamin,  saying,  "  Go  and  lie  in  wait  in  the  vineyards;  ^^  and  see, 
and,  behold,  if  the  daughters  of  Shiloh  come  out  'to  dance  in  dances, 
then  come  ye  out  of  the  vineyards,  and  catch  you  every  man  his  wife 
of  the  daughters  of  Shiloh,  and  go  to  the  land  of  Benjamin.  -'^  And  it 
shall  be,  when  their  fathers  or  their  brethren  come  unto  us  to  complain, 
that  we  will  say  unto  them,  tBe  favorable  unto  them  for  our  sakes  ; 
because  we  reserved  not  to  each  man  his  wife  in  the  war  :  for  ye  did 
not  give  unto  them  at  this  time,  that  ye  should  be  guilty."  ^3  And  the 
children  of  Benjamin  did  so,  and  took  them  wives,  according  to  their 
number,  of  them  that  danced,  whom  they  caught ;  and  they  went  and 
returned  unto  their  inheritance,  and  repaired  the  cities,  and  dwelt  in 
tliem.  -^  And  the  children  of  Israel  departed  thence  at  that  time,  every 
man  to  his  tribe  and  to  his  family,  and  they  went  out  from  thence  every- 
man  to  his  inheritance.  ^""In  "those  days  there  was  no  king  in  Israel; 
"every  man  did  that  which  was  right  in  his  own  eyes. 


PART  V. 


A.   M.  2591  to 

2599. 
B.  C.    1413  to 

1405. 

Hales,    1572  to 

1564. 

Canaan. 

a  Ps.  106.  40-42. 
i  2  Ki.  17.  20. 
e  Ps.  44.  12.  Is. 

50.  1. 
d  Le.  26.  37.  Jos. 

7.  12, 13. 
e  Le.  xxvi.  De. 

zxviii. 
/ISa.  12.11.  Ac. 

13.20. 
*  Heb.  saved. 
g  Ex.  34.  15,   16. 

Le.  17.  7. 


i  See  Ge.  6.  6. 
De.  32.  36.  I's 
lOJ.  44,  45. 


^Oi,  were  corrupt. 


X  Heb.  they  Ut 
J      nothing  fall  of 


jJo9.  23.  16. 
k  Jos.  23.  13. 


GOVERNMENT   OF   THE    JUDGES. 

Section  I. — Servitude  of  the  Eastern  Israelites,  in  consequence  of  their  Idol' 

atry,  under  Chushan-rishathaim  ; — Othniel,  Judge. 

Judges  ii.  14,  to  the  end,  iii.  1-11. 

Tlie  idolatry  of  the  '•Israelites.     God's  anger  towards  them.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  The  nations  which  were 

left  to  prove  Israel.    6  Bij  communion  with  the  Canaaniles  they  commit  idolatry.    8  Othniel  deliv 

ereth  them  from  Chushan-rishathaim.     11  Othniel  dies. 

^^  And  "the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  hot  against  Israel,  and  he 
delivered  them  into  the  hands  of  spoilers  that  spoiled  them,  and  'he 
sold  them  into  the  hands  of  their  enemies  round  about,  so  that  they 
''could  not  any  longer  stand  before  their  enemies.  ^^  Whithersoever 
they  went  out,  the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  against  them  for  evil,  as  the 
Lord  had  said,  and  'as  the  Lord  had  sworn  unto  them  ;  and  they  were 
greatly  distressed. 

1"^  Nevertheless  -^the  Lord  raised  up  judges,  which  *delivered  them 
out  of  the  hand  of  those  that  spoiled  them.  ^'  And  yet  they  would  not 
hearken  unto  their  judges,  but  they  ^went  a  whoring  after  other  gods, 
and  bowed  themselves  unto  them  :  they  turned  quickly  out  of  the  way 
which  their  fathers  walked  in,  obeying  the  commandments  of  the  Lord  ; 
but  they  did  not  .so.  ^®  And  when  the  Lord  raised  them  up  judges, 
then  'the  Lord  was  with  the  judge,  and  delivered  them  out  of  the 
hand  of  their  enemies  all  the  days  of  the  judge  ;  "for  it  repented  the 
Lord  because  of  their  groanings  by  reason  of  them  that  oppressed 
them  and  vexed  them.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  judge  was 
dead,  that  they  returned,  and  tcorrupted  themselves  more  than  their 
fathers,  in  following  other  gods  to  serve  them,  and  to  bow  down  unto 
them  ;-  they  tceased  not  from  their  own  doings,  nor  from  their  stub- 
born way. 

2"  And  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  hot  against  Israel  ;  and  he  said, 
"  Because  that  this  people  hath  ^tran.sgressed  my  covenant  which  I  com- 
manded their  fathers,  and  have  not  hearkened  unto  my  voice  ;  ^^  I  *also 


Part  v.]  servitude  OF  THE  EASTERN  ISRAELITES.  359 

will  not  henceforth  drive  out  any  from  before  them  of  the  nations  which 

I  De  8.  2,  16.  &  Joshua  left  whcn   he  died :  -'^  that  through  them  I  may  'prove   Israel, 

^^*   ■  whether  they  will  keep  the  way  of  the  Lord  to  walk  therein,  as  their 

*  Or,  suffered.       fathers  did  keep  it,  or  not."  -^  Therefore  the  Lord  *left  those  nations, 

without  driving  them  out  hastily  ;  neither  delivered  He  them  into  the 

hand  of  Joshua. 

1  Now  these  are  the  nations  which  the  Lord  left,  to  prove       ^Y^''\\ 

Israel  by  them,  even  as  many  of  Israel  as  had  not  known  all 

the  wars  of  Canaan ;  ^  only  that  the  generations  of  the   children   of 

Israel  might  know,  to  teach  them  war,  at  the  least  such  as  before  knew 

m Jos.  13.3.        nothing  thereof;  ^namely,  "'five   lords   of  the   Philistines,  and  all  the 

Canaanites,  and  the  Sidonians,  and  the  Hivites  that  dwelt  in   Mount 

Lebanon,  from  Mount  Baal-hermon  unto  the  entering   in  of  Hamath. 

''And  they  were  to  prove  Israel  by  them,  to  know  whether  they  would 

hearken  unto  the  commandments  of  the  Lord,  which  he  commanded 

their  fathers  by  the  hand  of  Moses. 

n  P3. 106. 35.  5  ^^d  "the  children  of  Israel  dwelt  among  the  Canaanites,  Hittites, 

0  Ex.  31. 16.  De.  ^nd  Amoritcs,  and  Perizzites,  and  Hivites,  and  Jebusites  ;  '^  and  "they 

'''  ^'  took  their  daughters  to  be  their  wives,  and  ga^ce  their   daughters  to 

their  sons,  and  served  their  gods.  '^  And  the  children  of  Israel  did  evil 

;^Ex.  34. 13.  De.  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  forgat  the  Lord  their  God,  and  served 

h'/s  7  Baalim  and  ^the  groves. 

!  Heb.' Mram-na-  » Therefore  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  hot  against  Israel,  and  he 
/jTio'io  isa  sold  them  into  the  hand  of 'Chushan-rishathaim  kingof  tMesopotamia; 
\2"'io."  Ne.^9^  and  the  children  of  Israel  served  Chushan-rishathaim  eight  years.  ^And 
106.^44.^1  W7^  when  the  children  of  Israel  'cried  unto  the  Lord,  the  Lord  raised  up 
t^H  h'saviour  ^  Idelivcrer  to  the  children  of  Israel,  who  delivered  them,  even  Othniel 
Isee'^T'^i^'is.  the  son  of  Kenaz,  Caleb's  younger  brother.  i»  And  'the  Spirit  of  the 
Lord  *came  upon  him,  and  he  judged  Israel,  and  went  out  to- war; 
and  the  Lord  delivered  Chushan-rishathaim  king  of  tMesopotamia  into 
his  hand,  and  his  hand  prevailed  against"  Chushan-rishathaim.  ^^  And 
t  Heb.  .^ram.       jj^g  j^j-^^j  l^^^j  j.ggt  fo^ty  ycars.     And  Othniel  the  son  of  Kenaz  died. 

SECT.  II.       Section     II. — Servitude  of  the  Eastern  Israelites  ujider  the  Moabites  ; — 

—  Ehud,  Judge. 

A.M.-2m.  Judges  iii.  12-30. 

mi.Es,  1524.         12  Ajjj)  "the  children  of  Israel  did  evil  again  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  ; 
Canaan.        and  the  LoRD  Strengthened  'Eglon  the  king  of  Moab  against  Israel, 
because  they  had  done  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  he  gath- 
ered unto  him  the  children  of  Ammon  and  'Amalek,  and  went  and 
smote  Israel,  and  possessed  ''the  city  of  palm  trees.  ^"^  So  the  children 
divL.  1. 16.  of  Israel  'served  Eglon  the  king  of  Moab  eighteen  years. 

!?'-5"„?"  V  1^  But  when  the  children  of  Israel  -^criad  unto  the  Lord,  the  Lord 

raised  them  up  a  deliverer,  Ehud  the  son  of  Gera,  *a  Benjamite,  a  man 
.    tleft-handed  ;  and  by  him  the  children  of  Israel  sent  a  present  unto 
Kl'kitld^Ju.  Eglon  the  king  of  Moab.  '^  But  Ehud  made  him  a  dagger  which  had 
two  edges,  of  a  cubit  length  ;  and  he  did  gird  it  under  his  raiment  upon 
his  righl  thigh.  ^^  And  he  brought  the  present  unto  Eglon  king  of  Moab ; 
and  Eglon  was  a  very  fat  man.   ^^  And  when  he  had  made  an  end  to 
offer  the  present,  he  sent  away  the  people  that  bare  the  present.  ^'^  But 
he  himself  turned  again  ^Troni  the  tquarries  that  were  by  Gilgal,  and 
t.  oj-J^a"'"       said,  "  I  have  a  secret  errand  unto  thee,  O  king  !  "  who  said,  ''  Keep 
image..  gHence."    And  all  that  stood  by  him  went  out  from  him.  ^^  And  Ehud 

Heb.  a  parhr    came  uuto  him  ;  and  he  was  sitting  in  *a  summer-parlor  which  he  had 
Am^s"!:  '''     for  himself  alone.    And  Ehud  said,  "  I  have  a  message  from  God  unto 
thee."    And  he  arose  out  of  his  seat.  ^^  And  Ehud  put  forth  his  left 
hand,  and  took  the  dagger  from  his  right  thigh,  and  thrust  it  into  his 


Ju.  11.  29.  &  13. 
25.  &  14. 

1  Sa.  11. 

2  Ch.  15.  1 
Heb.  was 


a  Ju.  2.  19. 
6  1  Sa.  12.  9. 
;Ju.  5, 


/Ps.  78.34, 
*  Or,  the 
Jeiiiini. 


20.  16. 


g  Jos.  4.  20. 


360 


SERVITUDE  OF  THE  NORTHERN  ISRAELITES.        [Period  IV. 


belly  ;  ^~  and  the  haft  also  went  in  after  the  blade,  and  the  fat  closed 

upon  the  blade,  so  that  he  could  not  draw  the  dagger  out  of  his  belly; 

^atvJfunZ^^.  and  f the  dirt  came  out.  -^  Then  Ehud  went  forth  through  the  porch, 

and  shut  the  doors  of  the  parlor  upon  him,  and  locked  them.  -^  When 

he  was  gone  out,  his  servants  came  ;  and  when  they  saw  that,  behold, 

^J^'^m^\%A.  the  doors  of  the  parlor  were  locked,  they  said,  "  Surely  he  tcovereth 

24-  3.  his  feet  in  his  summer-chamber."  ^^  And  they  tarried  till  they  were 

ashamed  ;  and,  behold,  he  opened  not  the  doors  of  the  parlor,  therefore 

they  took  a  key  and  opened  them  :  and,  behold,  their  lord  was  fallen 

down  dead  on  the  earth.  '^^  And  Ehud  escaped  while  they  tarried,  and 

passed  beyond  the  quarries,  and  escaped  unto  Seirath. 

^"  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  was  come,  that  ''lie  blew  a  trumpet 
in  the  'mountain  of  Ephraim,  and  the  children  of  Israel  went  down 
with  him  from  the  mount,  and  he  before  them.  ~^  And  he  said  unto 
them,  "  Follow  after  me  ;  for  ■'the  Lord  hath  delivered  your  enemies 
the  Moabites  into  your  hand."  And  they  went  down  after  him,  and 
took  *the  fords  of  Jordan  toward  Moab,  and  suffered  not  a  man  to  pass 
over.  ^^  And  they  slew  of  Moab  at  that  time  about  ten  thousand  men, 
all  *Iusty,  and  all  men  of  valor ;  and  there  escaped  not  a  man.  ^^  So 
Moab  was  subdued  that  day  under  the  hand  of  Israel.  And  the  land 
had  rest  fourscore  years. 

Section  III. — Shamgar,  Judge. 
Judges  iii.  31. 
^^  And  after  ''him  was  "Shamgar  the  son  of  Anath,  which  slew  of  the 
Philistines  six  hundred  men  ''with  an  ox-goad  ;   "and  he  also  delivered 


h  Ju.  5.  14.  : 

13.  3. 
I  Jo9.  17.  15. 


k  Job.  2.  7.    Ji 
12.5. 


Heb./at. 


SECT.  III. 

A.   M.  2679. 

B.  C.  132.5. 

Hales,  1506. 

Canaan. 

a  i'.  e.  Ehud. — Ed. 

a  Ju.  5.  6,  8. 
1  Sa.  13.  19,  22. 
It  seems  to  con- 
cern only  the 
country  next  to 
the  Philistines. 

6  1  Sa.  17.  47,  50 

c  Ju.  2.  16. 

d  So  part  is  called 
Israel.  Ju.  4.  1, 
3,  &.C.  &  10.  7, 
17.  &.  11.4,  &.C. 
1  Sa.  4.  1. 


SECT.   IV. 

A.  M.  2699. 

B.  C.  1305. 

Hales,  1426  to 

140G. 

Near  Mount 

Tabor. 

aJu.  2.  19. 

i  Jos.  11.  I,  10. 
&  19.  36. 

c  1  Sa.  12.  9.  Ps. 
83.  9.  It  seems 
to  concern  only 
North  Israel. 

dJu.  1.  19. 

e  Ps.  106.  42. 

/Ge.  35.8. 

g  He.  11.  32. 

A  Jos.  19.37. 

t  Ex.  14.  4. 


'Israel. 
Section  IV. 


-Servitude  of  the  Northern  Israelites  under  the  Canaanites  ;- 
Deborah  the  Prophetess,  Judge. 


Judges  iv.  and  v. 

Deborah  ami  Barak  deliver  the  Israelites  from  Jabin  and  Sisera.     18  Joel  killeth  Sisera.    The  song 

of  Deborah  and  Barak. 

^  And  "the  children  of  Israel  again  did  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord, 
\r^ien  Ehud  was  dead.  ~  And  the  Lord  sold  them  into  the  hand  of 
Jabin  king  of  Canaan,  that  reigned  in  'Hazor ;  the  captain  of  whose 
host  was  'Sisera,  which  dwelt  in  Harosheth  of  the  Gentiles.  ^  And 
the  children~oHrsrael  cried  unto  the  Lord  :  for  he  had  nine  hundred 
''chariots  of  iron  ;  and  twenty  years  "he  mightily  oppressed  the  children 
of  Israel. 

4  And  Deborah,  a  prophetess,  the  wife  of  Lapidoth,  she  judged  Israel 
at  that  time.  ^  And  -^she  dwelt  under  the  palm  tree  of  Deborah  between 
Ramah  and  Beth-el  in  Mount  Ephraim  ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  came 
up  to  her  for  judgment.  ''And  she  sent  and  called  "'Barak  the  son  of 
Abinoam  out  ''of  Kedesh-naphtali,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Hath  not  the 
Lord  God  of  Israel  commanded,  saying,  '  Go  and  draw  toward  Mount 
Tabor,  and  take  with  thee  ten  thousand  men  of  the  children  of  Naph- 
tali  and  of  the  children  of  Zcbulun  ?  '^  And  T  will  draw  unto  thee,  to 
the  •'river  Kishon,  Sisera,  the  captain  of  Jabin's  army,  with  his  chariots 
and  his  multitude;  and  I  will  deliver  him  into  thy  hand.'"  ^And 
Barak  said  unto  her,  "  If  thou  wilt  go  with  me,  then  I  will  go  ;  but  if 
thou  wilt  not  go  with  me,  then  I  will  not  go."  ^  And  she  said,  "I  will 
surely  go  with  thee  :  notwithstanding  the  journey  that  thou  takcst  shall 
not  be  for  thine  honor  ;  for  the  Lord  shall  sell  Sisera  into  the  hand  of 
a  woman."     And  Deborah  arose,  and  went  with  Barak  to  Kedesh. 

^^  And  Barak  called  Zebulun  and  Naphtali  to  Kedesh ;  and  he  went 
up  with  ten  thousand  men  *at  his  feet :  and  Deborah  went  up  with 
him.  11  Now  Heber  the  Kenite,  which  was  of  the  children  of  'Hobab 


Part  V.] 


THE  SONG  OF  DEBORAH  AND  BARAK. 


361 


*  Heb.  gathered 
by  cry,  or,  proc- 
lamation. 


TO  De.  9.  3.  2  Sa. 
5.  24.  Ps.  (i8.  7. 
Is.  52.  12. 

n  Ps.  83.  9,  10. 
See  Jos.  10.  10. 


t  Heb.  unto  < 


*  Heb.  puf. 


0  Ps.  18.  47. 

f  Heb.  going  we 
and  was  hard. 


p  See  Ex.  15.  1. 
Ps.  18.  title. 


q  Pa.  18.  47. 

r  2  Ch.  17.  16. 

1  Mac.  2.  42. 
sDe.  32.  1,3.  Ps, 

2.  10. 


«  2  Sa.  22.  8.   Ps. 

68.  8.  Is.  64.  3. 

Hab.  3.  3,  10. 
t  Heh. floiced.  De. 

4.  n.  Ps.  97.  5. 
V  Ex.  19.  18. 
w  Ju.  3.  31. 

I  Le.  2fi.  22. 

2Ch.  15.5.  Is. 

33.8.  La.  1.4. 

&  4.  18. 
*  Heb.  walkers 

of  paths. 
t  Heb.  crooked 

ways. 

VOL.     1 


the  father-in-law  of  Moses,  had  severed  himself  from  the  Kenites,  and 
pitched  his  tent  unto  the  plain  of  Zaanaim,  which  is  by  Kedesh.  ^^  ^^^ 
they  showed  Sisera,  that  Barak  the  son  of  Abinoam  was  gone  up  to 
Mount  Tabor.  ^^  And  Sisera  *gathered  together  all  his  chariots,  even 
nine  hundred  chariots  of  iron,  and  all  the  people  that  were  with  him, 
from  Harosheth  of  the  Gentiles  unto  the  river  of  Kishon.  ^'^  And  Deb- 
orah said  unto  Barak,  "  Up !  for  this  is  the  day  in  which  the  Lord 
hath  delivered  Sisera  into  thy  hand  :  '"is  not  the  Lord  gone  out  be- 
fore thee  ?  "  So  Barak  went  down  from  Mount  Tabor,  and  ten  thousand 
men  after  him.  ^^And  "the  Lord  discomfited  Sisera,  and  all  his  char- 
iots, and  all  his  host,  with  the  edge  of  the  sword  before  Barak  ;  so  that 
Sisera  lighted  down  oft'  his  chariot,  and  fled  away  on  his  feet.  ^^  But 
Barak  pursued  after  the  chariots,  and  after  the  host,  unto  Harosheth 
of  the  Gentiles :  and  all  the  host  of  Sisera  fell  upon  the  edge  of  the 
sword  ;  and  there  was  not  ta  man  left.  ^^  Howbeit  Sisera  fled  away  on 
his  feet  to  the  tent  of  Jael  the  wife  of  Heber  the  Kenite  ;  for  there 
was  peace  between  Jabin  the  king  of  Hazor  and  the  house  of  Heber 
the  Kenite. 

^^  And  Jael  went  out  to  meet  Sisera,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Turn  in, 
my  lord,  turn  in  to  me  ;  fear  not !  "  And  when  he  had  turned  in  unto 
her  into  the  tent,  she  covered  him  with  a  Imantle.  ^^  And  he  said  unto 
her,  "  Give  me,  I  pray  thee,  a  little  water  to  drink  ;  for  I  am  thirsty." 
And  she  opened  a  bottle  of  milk,  and  gave  him  drink,  and  covered  him. 
-^  Again  he  said  unto  her,  "  Stand  in  the  door  of  the  tent,  and  it  shall 
be,  when  any  man  doth  come  and  inquire  of  thee,  and  say.  Is  there 
any  man  here  ?  that  thou  shalt  say.  No."  ^^  Then  Jael  Heber's  wife  took 
a  nail  of  the  tent,  and  *took  a  hammer  in  her  hand,  and  went  softly 
unto  him,  and  smote  the  nail  into  his  temples,  and  fastened  it  into  the 
ground  ;  for  he  was  fast  asleep  and  weary.  So  he  died.  ^^  And,  behold, 
as  Barak  pursued  Sisera,  Jael  came  out  to  meet  him,  and  said  unto 
him,  Come,  and  I  will  show  thee  the  man  whom  thou  seekest."  And 
when  he  came  into  her  tent,  behold,  Sisera  lay  dead,  and  the  nail  was 
in  his  temples  ! 

^^  So  "God  subdued  on  that  day  Jabin  the  king  of  Canaan  before  the 
children  of  Israel.  ~^  And  the  hand  of  the  children  of  Israel  tprospered, 
and  prevailed  against  Jabin  the  king  of  Canaan,  until  they  had  de- 
stroyed Jabin  king  of  Canaan. 

^  Then  ^'sang  Deborah  and  Barak  the  son  of  Abinoam  on  Jud.  v. 
that  day,  saying, — 

-  "  Praise  ye  the  Lord  for  the  'avenging  of  Israel, 

When  '^the  people  willingly  offered  themselves. 
^  Hear,  "O  ye  kings  ! 

Give  ear,  O  ye  princes ! 

I,  even  I,  will  sing  unto  the  Lord  ; 

I  will  sing  praise  to  the  Lord  God  of  Israel. 
''  Lord  !  'when  thou  wentest  out  of  Seir, 

When  thou  marchedst  out  of  the  field  of  Edom, 

The  "earth  trembled,  and  the  heavens  dropped, 

The  clouds  also  dropped  water. 
^  The  mountains  Imelted  from  before  the  Lord, 

Even  "that  Sinai  from  before  the  Lord  God  of  Israel. 
^  "  In  the  days  of  "Shamgar  the  son  of  Anath, 

In  the  days  of  Jael,  ""the  highways  were  unoccupied, 

And  the  *  travellers  walked  through  tbyways. 
■^  The  inhabitants  of  the  villages  ceased, 

They  ceased  in  Israel, 

Until  that  I  Deborah  arose, 

46  2k 


THE  SONG  OF  DEBORAH  AND  BARAK. 


rPERIOD  IV^ 


y  Is.  49.  23. 

I  De.  32.  16.  Ju. 
2.  1-2,  17. 

a  So  1  Sa.  13. 19, 


J  Or,  Meditate. 

b  Pa.  105.  2.  &. 
145.  5. 

e  Ju.  10.  4.  &  12. 
14. 

(2  Ps.  107.  32. 

e  1  Sa.  12.  7.  Ps. 
145.7. 

•  Heb.  righteous- 
nesses of  the 
LORD. 


/Pa.  57.  8. 


g  Ps.  68. 


iJu.  3. 
j  Ju.  3. 


f  Heb.  (/raifl  taiM 
tA«  pen,  ^-c. 


X  Heb.  Aw/ee«. 

*  Or,  In  tlte  divi- 
sions, 4'c. 

^Heb.impressions. 
I  Nu.  32.  1. 
i  Or,  /n. 

m  See  Jos.  13.  25, 
11. 

n  Jos.  19.  29,  31. 

*  Or,  ports. 
f  Or,  creeks. 

X  Ueb.  exposed  to 
reproach. 


pSee  Job.  10.  11. 
Ps.  77.  17,  18. 
*  Heb.  paths. 


f  Or,  trampHngs, 
or,  plunginga. 


gJu.  21.9,  10. 

i\e.  3.  5. 
r  1  Sa.  17.  47. 

18.17  &.25.2 


That  I  arose  "a  mother  in  Israel. 
^  They  ""chose  new  gods  ; 
Then  was  war  in  the  gates : 
Was  "there  a  shield  or  spear  seen 
Among  forty  thousand  in  Israel  ? 

^  "  My  heart  is  toward  the  governors  of  Israel, 
That  offered  themselves  willingly  among  the  people. 
Bless  ye  the  Lord  ! 
^°  t  Speak,  ''ye  that  'ride  on  white  asses, 

Ye  ''that  sit  in  judgment,  and  walk  by  the  way. 
^^  They  that  are  delivered  from  the  noise  of  archers 
In  the  places  of  drawing  water, 

There  shall  they  rehearse  'the  *  righteous  acts  of  the  Lord, 
Even  the  righteous  acts  toward  the  inhabitants   of  his   villages  in 
Then  shall  the  people  of  the  Lord  go  down  to  the  gates.      [Israel  ^ 

12  ti  Awake  !  -^awake,  Deborah  I 
Awake,  awake,  utter  a  song ! 
Arise,  Barak  ! 
And  ^lead  thy  captivity  captive,  thou  son  of  Abinoam  ! 

^3 "  Then  He  made  him  that  remaineth 
Have  dominion  over  the  nobles  among  the  people  ; 
The  Lord  made  me  have  dominion  over  the  mighty. 
1^  Out  'of  Ephraim  was  there  a  root  of  them  ^against  Amalek  ; 
After  thee,  Benjamin,  among  thy  people  ; 
Out  of  ^'Machir  came  down  governors, 

And  out  of  Zebulun  they  that  thandle  the  pen  of  the  writer. 
^^  And  the  princes  of  Issachar  were  with  Deborah ; 
Even  Issachar,  and  also  Barak  : 
He  was  sent  on  tfoot  into  the  valley. 

*For  the  divisions  of  Reuben  there  were  great  tthoughts  of  heart- 
16  Why  abodest  thou  'among  the  sheepfolds, 
To  hear  the  bleatings  of  the  flocks  ? 

tFor  the  divisions  of  Reuben  there  were  great  searchings  of  heart. 
^■^  Gilead  ""abode  beyond  Jordan  ; 
And  why  did  Dan  remain  in  ships  ? 
Asher  "continued  on  the  sea  *shore, 
And  abode  in  his  tbieaches. 
18  Zebulun  and  Naphtali  were  a  people  that  tjeoparded  their  lives 
Unto  the  death  in  the  high  places  of  the  field. 

1^  "  The  kings  came  and  fought, 
Then  fought  the  kings  of  Canaan 
In  Taanach  by  the  waters  of  Megiddo  ; 
They  "took  no  gain  of  money. 
2"  They  ^fought  from  heaven  ; 

The  stars  in  their  *courses  fought  against  Sisera. 
21  The  river  of  Kishon  swept  them  away, 
That  ancient  river,  the  river  Kishon. 
O  my  soul,  thou  hast  trodden  down  strength ! 
^2  Then  were  the  horsehoofs  broken 
By  the  means  of  the  tprancings, 
The  prancings  of  their  mighty  ones. 

-^"  '  Curse  ye  Meroz,'  said  the  angel  of  the  Lord, 
'  Curse  ye  bitterly  the  iniiabitants  thereof; 
Because  'they  came  not  to  the  help  ^of  the  Lord, 
To  the  help  of  the  Lord  against  the  mighty.' 

2^  '•  Blessed  above  women 
Shall  Jael  the  wife  of  Heber  the  Kenite  be  ! 


Part  V.] 


THE  ISRAELITES  ENSLAVED  BY  MIDIAN. 


363 


Heb.  Between.      27 


■f  Heb.  destroyed. 


X  Heb.  her  words. 
t  Ex.  15.  9. 


*  Heb.  To  the 
htad  of  a  man. 


u  Ps.  83.  9,  10. 
V  2  Sa.  23.  4. 
K  Ps.  19.  5. 


SECT.  V. 

A.  M.   2752. 

B.  C.  1Q52. 

Hales,  1366. 

Canaan. 

o  Ju.  2.  19. 
b  Hab.  3.  7. 
*  Heb. jfos  strong'. 
c  1  Sa.  13.  6. 

He.  11.  38. 
rfGe.  29.  1.  Ju. 

7.  12.  &  8.  10. 

1  Ki.  4.  30.  Job 

1.3. 
e  Le.  26.  16.  De. 

28.  30,  33,  51. 

Mic.  6.  15. 
t  Or,  goat. 


Blessed  'shall  she  be  above  women  in  the  tent ! 
^^  He  asked  water — and  she  gave  him  milk  ; 

She  brought  forth  butter  in  a  lordly  dish. 
2^  She  put  her  hand  to  the  nail, 

And  her  right  hand  to  the  workmen's  hammer ; 

And  tvvith  the  hammer  she  smote  Sisera, 

She  smote  oft' his  head, 

When  she  had  pierced  and  stricken  through  his  temples. 

^At  her  feet  he  bowed — he  fell — he  lay  down ; 

At  her  feet  he  bowed,  he  fell ; 

Where  he  bowed,  there  he  fell  down  tdead. 

^^  "  The  mother  of  Sisera  looked  out  at  a  window, 

And  cried  through  the  lattice, 
'  Why  is  his  chariot  so  long  in  coming  ? 

Why  tarry  the  wheels  of  his  chariots  ?" 
^^  Her  wise  ladies  answered  her, 

Yea,  she  returned  tanswer  to  herself, 
^°'Have  'they  not  sped  ? 

Have  they  not  divided  the  prey  ; 

*To  every  man  a  damsel  or  two  ; 

To  Sisera  a  prey  of  divers  colors, 

A  prey  of  divers  colors  of  needlework, 

Of  divers  colors  of  needlework  on  both  sides, 

Meet  for  the  necks  of  them  that  take  the  spoil  ? " 
3^  So  "let  all  thine  enemies  perish,  O  Lord  ! 

But  let  them  that  love  Him  be  "as  the  sun 

When  "he  goeth  forth  in  his  might." 
^2  And  the  land  had  rest  forty  years. 

Section  V. — Eastern  and  Northern  Israelites  enslaved  hy  Midian ; — 
Gideon,  Judge.^^^^ 

Judges  vi.  1-6. 
^  And  "the  children  of  Israel  did  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  ;  and 
the  Lord  delivered  them  into  the  hand  ''of  Midian  seven  years.  ^  And 
the  hand  of  Midian  *  prevailed  against  Israel ;  and  because  of  the 
Midianites  the  children  of  Israel  made  them  'the  dens  which  are  in 
the  mountains,  and  caves,  and  strong  holds.  ^  And  so  it  was,  when 
Israel  had  sown,  that  the  Midianites  came  up,  and  the  Amalekites,  ''and 
the  children  of  the  East,  even  they  came  up  against  them  ;  ■*  and  they 
encamped  against  them,  and  'destroyed  the  increase  of  the  earth,  till 
thou  come  unto  Gaza,  and  left  no  sustenance  for  Israel,  neither  tsheep, 
nor  o.x,  nor  ass.  ^  For  they  came  up  with  their  cattle  and  their  tents, 
and  they  came  as  grasshoppers  for  multitude,  (for  both  they  and  their 
camels  were  without  number  ;)  and  they  entered  into  the  land  to  de- 
stroy it.  ^  And  Israel  was  greatly  impoverished  because  of  the  Midian- 
ites ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  -^cried  unto  the  Lord. 


(15)  The  oppression  of  the  Israelites  under  Midian 
seems  to  have  been  more  severe  than  that  under 
any  of  their  other  conquerors.  Tiie  people  were 
entirely  subdued ;  they  w^ere  driven  (Judg.  vi.  2.) 
to  mountains,  and  caves,  and  dens  ;  they  were  con- 
sumed by  famine  ;  and  the  first  movement  of 
Gideon  was  effected  by  night,  lest  he  should  be 
put  to  death  by  the  Midianites,  if  he  attempted  to 
act  in  the  day.  While  they  were  in  this  deplorable 
condition,  another  change  in  the  conduct  of  Provi- 
dence took  place.  A  prophet  was  inspired  for  the 
occasion,  to  address  the  people.  This  at  least  is 
the  first  time  we  read  of  a  prophet  coming  among 
them,  for  the  purpose  only  of  reproving  their  folly, 


while  their  calamity  lasted.  The  Angel  Jehovah 
too  again  appeared  among  them,  to  convince  them 
that  this  prophet  was  commissioned  from  on  high  ; 
and  very  possibly  to  establish  the  new  dispensation, 
under  which  a  continued  succession  of  prophets 
was  to  arise  till  the  lime  of  the  Great  Prophet,  like 
unto  Moses.  The  angel  revealed  himself  to  Gideon. 
He  commanded  Gideon  to  attempt  the  release  of 
the  people,  and  assured  him  of  the  certainty  of  suc- 
cess, by  miracles  adapted,  as  all  the  miracles  re- 
corded in  the  Old  Testament,  to  the  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances of  the  persons  for  whom  they  were 
wrought. — Vide  Hales'  Jinalysis,  vol.  ii.  p.  311 ; 
Lightfoot  in  loc. 


364 


THE  HISTORY  OF  RUTH. 


[Period  IV. 


A.  M.  2759. 
B.C.   1245. 
Moab— Beth- 
lehem. 


aJu.2.  16. 
*  Heb.  judsrtd. 
b  See  Ge.  12.  10. 

&2G.  ].2Ki.  8. 

1. 
c  Ju.  17.  8. 


d  See  Ge.  35. 
«Ju.  5.  30. 
t  Heb.  were. 


Section  Yl.—  The  History  of  Ruth.^''> 
Rdth,  the  irhole  book. 

Elimelech,  driven  by  famine  into  Moab,  dielh  there.    4  Mahlon  and  Chilian,  having  married  tvives  of 
Moab,  die  also.     6  Naomi  returning  homticard,  8  dissuadeth  her  two  daughters-in-lavo  fri —  — 


„  .  -  m  go- 

ing with  her.  14  Orpah  leaveth  her,  but  Ruth  with  great  constancij  accompanieth  her.  19  They 
two  come  to  Beth-lehem,  where  they  are  gladly  received.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  Ruth  gleaneth  in  the  felds 
o/Boaz.  4  He  taking  knowledge  of  her,  8  shoiceth  her  greatyavor.  18  That  which  she  got  she 
carrieth  to  Naomi. —  Chap.  iii.  T  By  Naomi's  instruction  5  Kuth  lieth  at  Boat's  feet.     8  Boaz 


/Ex.  4.  31.  Lu.  1. 
68. 


g  Ps.  132.  15. 
Mat.  6.  11. 


A  See  Jos.  24.  15. 
2  Tim.  1.16-18. 


*  Heb.  hope. 
t  Heb.  /  tiave 

much  bittrmess. 
j  Ju.  2.  15.  Job 

19.  21.  Ps.  32.  4. 

k  Ec.  12.  9. 
;Pr.  17.  17.  &  18. 

24. 

mJu.  11.24. 
n  See  Jos.  24.  15. 

J  9.  I.u.  24.  28. 


4,6. 


J  Or,  Be  not 

airaingi  inc. 
o2Ki.2.  2, 
p  1  Sa.  3.  17. 

2Sa.  19.13. 

2  Ki.  6.  31. 
g  Ac.  21.  14. 
*  Heb.  strengtli- 

nted  herself. 


acknowledgeth  the  ri^ht  of  a  kinsman.  14  He  sendeth  her  away  with  six  measmes  of  barley.  — 
Chap.  iv.  1  He  calleth  intojiulgment  the  next  kinsman.  6  He  refuseth  the  redemption  according 
to  the  manner  in  Israel.  9  Boaz  bmjeth  the  inlieriiance.  10  He  marrieth  Ruth.  13  She  beareih 
Obed  the  grandfather  of  David.     18  The  generation  of  Pharez. 

1  Now  it  came  to  pass  in  the  days  when  "the  judges  *ruled,  that 
there  was  'a  famine  in  the  land.  And  a  certain  man  of  'Beth-lehem- 
judah  went  to  sojourn  in  the  country  of  Moab,  he,  and  his  wife,  and 
his  two  sons.  ^  And  the  name  of  the  man  was  Elimelech,  and  the  name 
of  his  wife  Naomi,  and  the  name  of  his  two  sons  Mahlon  and  Chilion, 
''Ephrathites  of  Beth-lehem-judah.  And  they  came  'into  the  country 
of  Moab,  and  fcontinued  there. 

^  And  Elimelech  Naomi's  husband  died  ;  and  she  was  left,  and  her 
two  sons.  '*  And  they  took  them  wives  of  the  women  of  Moab  ;  the 
name  of  the  one  was  Orpah,  and  the  name  of  the  other  Ruth  ;  and  they 
dwelled  there  about  ten  years.  ^  And  Mahlon  and  Chilion  died  also  both 
of  them  ;  and  the  woman  was  left  of  her  two  sons  and  her  husband. 

^  Then  she  arose  with  her  daughters-in-law,  that  she  might  return 
from  the  country  of  Moab  ;  for  she  had  heard  in  the  country  of  Moab 
how  that  the  Lord  had  Aisited  his  people  in  'giving  them  bread. 
"  Wherefore  she  went  forth  out  of  the  place  where  she  was,  and  her 
two  daughters-in-law  with  her ;  and  they  went  on  the  way  to  return 
unto  the  land  of  Judah.  ®  And  Naomi  said  unto  her  two  daughters-in- 
law,  "  Go,  ''return  each  to  her  mother's  house :  the  Lord  deal  kindly 
with  you,  as  ye  have  dealt  with  the  dead,  and  with  me.  ^  The  Lord  grant 
you  that  ye  may  find  rest,  each  of  you  in  the  house  of  her  husband." 
Then  she  kissed  them  ;  and  they  lifted  up  their  voice,  and  wept. 

^°  And  they  said  unto  her,  "  Surely  we  will  return  with  thee  unto 
thy  people."  ^^  And  Naomi  said,  "  Turn  again,  my  daughters  :  why 
will  ye  go  with  me  ?  are  there  yet  any  more  sons  in  my  womb,  'that 
they  may  be  your  husbands?  ^-Turn  again,  my  daughters,  go  your 
way  ;  for  I  am  too  old  to  have  a  husband.  If  I  should  say,  I  have 
hope,  tif  I  should  have  a  husband  also  to-night,  and  should  also  bear 
sons  ;  ^^  would  ye  *tarry  for  them  till  they  were  grown  ?  would  ye  stay 
for  them  from  having  husbands  ?  nay,  my  daughters  ;  for  tit  grieveth 
me  much  for  your  sakes  that  •'the  hand  of  the  Lord  is  gone  out  against 
me."  ^■^  And  they  Hfted  up  their  voice,  and  wept  again :  and  Orpah 
*kissed  her  mother-in-law  ;  but  Ruth  'clave  unto  her.  '^  And  she  said, 
"  Behold,  thy  sister-in-law  is  gone  back  unto  her  people,  and  unto 
"her  gods :  "return  thou  after  thy  sister-in-law."  ^^  And  Ruth  said, 
"  lEntreat  "me  not  to  leave  thee,  or  to  return  from  following  after 
thee  ;  for  whither  thou  goest,  I  will  go ;  and  where  thou  lodgest,  I 
will  lodge  ;  thy  people  shall  be  my  people,  and  thy  God  my  God  ; 
^'  where  thou  diest,  will  I  die,  and  there  will  I  be  buried  :  'the  Lord 
do  so  to  me,  and  more  also,  if  aught  but  death  part  thee  and  me." 
^®  When  'she  saw  that  she  *was  steadfastly  minded  to  go  with  her, 
then  she  left  speaking  unto  her. 

'^  So  they  two  went  until  they  came  to  Beth-lehem.  And  it  came  to 


('^)  The  history  of  Ruth  was  added  to  the  canon 
of  Scripture,  because  from  her  David  and  the  Mes- 
siah descended.     By  recording  the   adoption  of  a 


pcnsation.  The  book  is  placed  here  on  the  authority 
of  Bp.  Patrick,  who  observes,  that  no  other  famine 
said  to  liave  happened  during  the  administration 


Gentile  into  the  family  from  which  Christ  was  to     of  the  judges,  than  that  caused,   in  the   time   of 


derive  his  origin,  the  Holy  Spirit  intended  to  inti- 
mate the  comprehensive  design  of  the  Christian  dis- 


Gideon,  by  the  invasion  of  the  Midianites. — Gray's 
Key,  p.  1(")<3;  Bp.  Patrick  in  loc. 


Part  V.] 


THE  HISTORY  OF  RUTH. 


365 


r  Mat.  21.  10. 
s  See  Is.  23.  7. 
La.  2.  15. 
f  That  is,  pleas- 

X  That  is,  bitter. 
t  Job  1.  21. 


*  Called  Booz, 

Mat.  1.  5. 
u  Le.  19.  9. 

De.  24.  19. 

f  Heb.  hap  hap- 
pened. 


V  Ps.  129.  7,  8. 
Lu.  1.  28. 
3  Thes.  3.  16. 


to  ISa.  25.23. 


I  1  Sa.  24.  19. 


y  Ps.  17.  8.  &  3G. 

7.  &  57.  I.  & 

63.  7. 

X  Or,  I  find  favor. 
1  Ge.  33. 15.  1  Sa. 

1.  18. 
*  Heb.  to  the 

heart.  Ge.  34.  3. 

Ju.  19.  3. 
a  1  Sa.  25.  41. 


I  Heb.  shame  her 


pass,  when  they  were  come  to  Beth-lehem,  that  '"all  the  city  was  moved 
about  them,  and  they  said,  "  Is  "this  Naomi  ?  "  ^^  And  she  said  unto 
them,  "Call  me  not  tNaomi,  call  me  IMara;  for  the  Almighty  hath 
dealt  very  bitterly  with  me.  ^^  I  went  out  full,  'and  the  Lord  hath 
brought  me  home  again  empty  :  why  then  call  ye  me  Naomi,  seeing 
the  Lord  hath  testified  against  me,  and  the  Almighty  hath  afflicted 
me  ?  "  ^^So  Naomi  returned,  and  Ruth  the  Moabitess,  her  daughter- 
in-law,  with  her,  which  returned  out  of  the  country  of  Moab ;  and 
they  came  to  Beth-lehem  in  the  beginning  of  barley  harvest. 

1  And  Naomi  had  a  kinsman  of  her  husband's,  a  mighty  ^^uth  ii. 
man  of  wealth,  of  the  family  of  Elimelech  ;  and  his  name  was 
*Boaz.  2  And  Ruth  the  Moabitess  said  unto  Naomi,  "  Let  me  now  go  to 
the  field,  and  "glean  ears  of  corn  after  him  in  whose  sight  I  shall  find 
grace."  And  she  said  unto  her,  "  Go,  my  daughter."  ^  And  she  went, 
and  came,  and  gleaned  in  the  field  after  tiie  reapers ;  and  her  thap 
was  to  light  on  a  part  of  the  field  belonging  unto  Boaz,  who  was  of 
the  kindred  of  Elimelech. 

'^  And,  behold,  Boaz  came  from  Beth-lehem,  and  said  unto  the  reap- 
ers, "  The  "Lord  be  with  you  !"  And  they  answered  him,  "  The  Lord 
bless  thee  ! "  ^  Then  said  Boaz  unto  his  servant  that  was  set  over  the 
reapers,  "  Whose  damsel  is  this?"  "^  And  the  servant  that  was  set  over 
the  reapers  answered  and  said,  "  It  is  the  Moabitish  damsel  that  came 
back  with  Naomi  out  of  the  country  of  Moab.  '^  And  she  said,  '  I  pray 
you,  let  me  glean  and  gather  after  the  reapers  among  the  sheaves ; ' 
so  she  came,  and  hath  continued  even  from  the  morning  until  now, 
that  she  tarried  a  little  in  the  house."  *^  Then  said  Boaz  unto  Ruth, 
'  Hearest  thou  not,  my  daughter  ?  go  not  tg  glean  in  another  field, 
neither  go  from  hence,  but  abide  here  fast  by  my  maidens  ;  ^  let  thine 
eyes  be  on  the  field  that  they  do  reap,  and  go  thou  after  them  :  have 
I  not  charged  the  young  men  that  they  shall  not  touch  thee  ?  and  when 
thou  art  athirst,  go  unto  the  vessels,  and  drink  of  that  which  the 
young  men  have  drawn."  ^"Then  she  "fell  on  her  face,  and  bowed  her- 
self to  the  ground,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Why  have  I  found  grace  in 
thine  eyes,  that  thou  shouldest  take  knowledge  of  me,  seeing  I  am  a 
stranger?"  ^^  And  Boaz  answered  and  said  unto  her,  -'It  hath  fully 
been  showed  me,  all  that  thou  hast  done  unto  thy  mother-in-law  since 
the  death  of  thy  husband  ;  and  how  thou  hast  left  thy  father  and 
thy  mother,  and  the  land  of  thy  nativity,  and  art  come  unto  a  people 
which  thou  knewest  not  heretofore.  ^^The  ""Lord  recompense  thy 
work,  and  a  full  reward  be  given  thee  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel, 
^under  whose  wings  thou  art  come  to  trust !  "  ^^Then  she  said,  "  tLet 
me  ""find  favor  in  thy  sight,  my  lord !  for  that  thou  hast  comforted  me, 
and  for  that  thou  hast  spoken  *friendly  unto  thy  handmaid,  "though 
I  be  not  like  unto  one  of  thy  handmaidens."  ^^  And  Boaz  said  unto 
her,  "  At  meal-time  come  thou  hither,  and  eat  of  the  bread,  and  dip 
thy  morsel  in  the  vinegar."  And  she  sat  beside  the  reapers ;  and  he 
reached  her  parched  corn,  and  she  did  eat,  and  was  sufficed,  and  left. 
^^  And  when  she  was  risen  up  to  glean,  Boaz  commanded  his  young 
men,  saying,  "  Let  her  glean  even  among  the  sheaves,  and  treproach  her 
not ;  ^^  and  let  fall  also  some  of  the  handfuls  of  purpose  for  her,  and 
leave  them,  that  she  may  glean  them,  and  rebuke  her  not."  ^"^  So  she 
gleaned  in  the  field  until  even,  and  beat  out  that  she  had  gleaned  ; 
and  it  was  about  an  ephah  of  barley. 

^^  And  she  took  it  up,  and  went  into  the  city  :  and  her  mother-in- 
law  saw  what  she  had  gleaned  ;  and  she  brought  forth,  and  gave  to 
her  that  she  had  reserved  after  she  was  sufficed.  ^^  And  her  mother- 
in-law  said  unto  her,  "  Where  hast  thou  gleaned  to-day  ?  and  where 

2e* 


366  THE  HISTORY  OF  RUTH.  [Period  IV. 

b  Ps.  41. 1.  wroughtest  thou  ?  blessed  be  he  that  did  'take  knowledge  of  thee  !  " 

And  she  showed  her  mother-in-law  with  whom  she  had  wrought,  and 
said,  "The  man's  name  with  whom  I  wrought  to-day  is  Boaz."  -"And 
«2Sa.2.5.Job  JVaomi  said  unto  her  daughter-in-law,  "Blessed  'be  he  of  the  Lord, 
rf^r.n.  17.  vvho  "hath  not  left  oft'  his  kindness  to  the  living  and  to  the  dead!" 
XOT,onetiuit  And  Naomi  said  unto  her,  "  The  man  is  near  of  kin  unto  us,  tone  of 
detlleit"'  our  ne.\t  kinsmen."  ^i  And  Ruth  the  Moabitcss  said,  "  He  said  unto 
^•^-  me  also,  'Thou   shalt  keep   fast  by  my  young  men,  until   they  have 

ended  all  my  harvest.'  "  ~~  And  Naomi  said  unto  Ruth  her  daughter- 
in-law,  "  It  is  good,  my  daughter,  that  thou  go  out  with  his  maidens, 
*or,faiiupon.      that  they  *meet  thee  not  in   any  other   field."  -^  So  she  kept  fast  by 
^''  the  maidens  of  Boaz  to  glean  unto  the  end  of  barley  harvest  and  of 

wheat  harvest ;  and  dwelt  with  her  mother-in-law. 

1  Then   Naomi  her  mother-in-law   said    unto  her,   "  My      Ruth  iii. 
«ico^7^36.       daughter,  'shall  I  not  seek  rest  for  thee,  that  it  may  be  well 

^vith  thee  ?  ^  And  now  is  not  Boaz  of  our  kindred,  with  whose  maidens 

thou  wast  ?  Behold,  he  winnoweth  barley  to-night  in  the  threshingfloor. 

/2Sa.  14.2.       3  Wash  thyself  therefore,  -^and  anoint  thee,  and  put  thy  raiment  upon 

thee,  and  get  thee  down  to  the  floor  ;  but  make  not  thyself  known  unto 

the  man,  until  he  shall  have  done  eating  and  drinking.  '^  And  it  shall 

be,  when  he  lieth  down,  that  thou  shalt  mark  the  place  were  he  shall 

\Oi,iiftrvthe     \[q^  a.nd  thou  shalt  go  in,  and  tuncover  his  feet,  and  lay  thee  down  ; 

onw^."""'     and  he  will  tell  thee  what  thou  shalt  do."  ^And  she  said  unto  her, 

"  All  that  thou  sayest  unto  me  I  will  do." 

^  And  she  went  down  unto  the  floor,  and  did  according  to  all  that 

her  mother-in-law  bade  her.  ''And  when  Boaz  had  eaten  and  drunk, 

ffJu^  19^6^22.  and  "'his  heart  was  merry,  he  went  to  lie  down  at  the  end  of  the  heap  of 

Esui.  10.  ■       corn  ;  and  she  came  softly, and  uncovered  his  feet,  and  laid  her  down. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass   at  midnight,  that  the   man   was  afraid,  and 

tor,tookhoidon.  ttumcd  himsclf ;  and,  behold  !  a  woman  lay  at  his  feet.  ^  And  he  said, 

"  Who  art  thou  ?  "   And  she  answered,  "  I  am  Ruth  thy  handmaid : 

AEz.  16.8.          ''spread  therefore  thy  skirt  over  thy  handmaid  ;  for  thou  art  *a  near 

*^Tg^re-    kinsman."  ^"^  And  he  said,  "  Blessed  be  thou  of  the  Lord,  my  daugh- 

decm. "  j^j.  I   |-Qj.  ti^Qy  i^j^gt  showed  more  kindness  in  the  latter  end  than  at  the 

beginning,  inasmuch  as  thou  foUowedst  not  young  men,  whether  poor 

or  rich.  ^^And  now,  my  daughter,  fear  not;  I  will  do  to  thee  all  that 

t  Het.  gale.        ji^q^  rcqulrcst :  for  all  tlie  tcity  of  my  people  doth  know  that  thou  art 

i  Pr.  J2. 4.  'a  virtuous  woman.  '-  And  now  it  is  true  that  I  am  thy  near  kinsman  ; 

howbeit  there  is  a  kinsman   nearer  than  L  '^  Tarry  this  night,  and  it 

shall  be  in  the  morning,  that  if  he  will  ^perform  unto  thee  the  part  of 

a  kinsman,  well;  let  him  do  the  kinsman's  part :  but  if  he  will  not  do 

the  part  of  a  kinsman  unto  thee,  then  will  I  do  the  part  of  a  kinsman 

A^ju.  8. 19.  Je.      ^Q  ^j^gg^  i-as  the  Lord  liveth  !  Lie  down  until  the  morning." 

i4^Vnd  she  lay  at  his  feet  until  the  morning;  and  she  rose  up  be- 
IR0.12.17.&.14.  fore  one  could  know  another.  And  he  .said,  "  Let 'it  not  be  known 
sl-o. 8?"2h"  ^'  that  a  woman  came  into  the  floor."  ^^  Also  he  said,  "  Bring  the  tveil 
to!!7hcei,fr  that  thou  hast  upon  thee,  and  hold  it."  And  when  she  held  it,  he 
ap^on.'''"''  measured  six  measures  of  barley,  and  laid  it  on  her;  and  she  went 
into  the  city. 

1*^  And  when  she  came  to  her  mother-in-law,  she  said,  "  Who  art 
thou,  my  daughter?"  And  she  told  her  all  that  the  man  had  done  to 
her.  1^  And  she  said,  "  These  six  measures  of  barley  gave  he  me  ;  for 
he  said  to  me,  '  Go  not  empty  unto  thy  mother-in-law.'  "  i«  Then  said 
raP8.37.3,5.  she,  "  Sit  "'still,  my  daughter,  until  thou  know  how  the  matter  will 
fall ;  for  the  man  will  not  be  in  rest,  until  he  have  finished  the  thing 
this  day." 

1  Then  went  Boaz   up  to  the  gate,  and   sat  him  down     Ruth  iv. 


Part  V.] 


THE  HISTORY  OF  RUTH. 


367 


*Heb.  I  said  I 
icill  reveal  in 
thine  ear. 

0  Je.  3-3.  7,  8. 

jy  Ge.  23.  18. 

8  Le.  25.  25. 


r  Ge.  38.  8.  De. 
25.  5,  6.  Mat. 
22.  24. 


«  De.  25.  7,  9. 


«  Ps.  127.  3.  & 
128.  3. 

■D  De.  25.  9. 
I  Or,  ^ef  thee 

riches,  or,  power, 
w  Ge.  35.  16,  19. 
}  Heb.  proclaim 

thy  name. 
X  Ge.  38.  29. 

1  Ch.  2.  4.  Blat. 

1.3. 
3/  1  Sa.  2.  20. 
I  Ge.  29.  31.  &: 

33.  5. 
a  Lu.  1.  58,  Ro. 

12.  15. 

*  Hob.  caused  to 
cease  unto  thee. 

I  Or,  redeemer. 
t  Heb.  to  nourish. 

Ge.  45.  11.  Ps. 

55.  22. 

*  Heb.  thij  gray 
hairs. 

6  1  Sa.  1.  8. 
c  Lu.  1.  58,  59. 
d  1  Ch.  2.  4,  &c. 

Mat.  1.3,  &c. 
eNu.  1.7. 
t  Or,  Salmah. 
/ICh.  2.  15. 


SECT.  VII. 

A.  M.  2759. 

B.  C.  1245. 
Hales,  1359. 

Canaan. 


there  :  and,  behold,  the  kinsman  of  whom  Boaz  spake  came  by  ;  unto 
whom  he  said,  "  Ho,  such  a  one  !  turn  aside,  sit  down  here."  And  he 
turned  aside,  and  sat  down.  -  And  he  "took  ten  men  of  the  elders  of  the 
city,  and  said,  "  Sit  ye  down  here."  And  they  sat  down.  ^  And  he  said 
unto  the  kinsman,  "  Naomi,  that  is  come  again  out  of  the  country  of 
Moab,  selleth  a  parcel  of  land,  which  was  our  brother  Elimelech's. 
■^  And  *I  thought  to  advertise  thee,  saying,  "Buy  it  ''before  the  inhab- 
itants, and  before  the  elders  of  my  people.  If  thou  wilt  redeem  it, 
redeem  it :  but  if  thou  wilt  not  redeem  it,  then  tell  me,  that  I  may 
know ;  'for  there  is  none  to  redeem  it  besides  thee,  and  I  am  after 
thee."  And  he  said,  "  I  will  redeem  it."  ^  Then  said  Boaz,  "  What 
day  thou  buyest  the  field  of  the  hand  of  Naomi,  thou  must  buy  it  also 
of  Ruth  the  Moabitess,  the  wife  of  the  dead,  ''to  raise  up  the  name 
of  the  dead  upon  his  inheritance." 

*^  And  the  kinsman  said,  "  I  cannot  redeem  it  for  myself,  lest  I  mar 
mine  own  inheritance ;  redeem  thou  my  right  to  thyself,  for  I  cannot 
redeem  it."  '''  Now  Hhis  was  the  manner  in  former  time  in  Israel  con 
cerning  redeeming  and  concerning  changing,  for  to  confirm  all  things, 
a  man  plucked  oft"  his  shoe,  and  gave  it  to  his  neighbour  ;  and  this  was 
a  testimony  in  Israel.  ^  Therefore  the  kinsman  said  unto  Boaz,  "  Buy 
it  for  thee."  So  he  drew  oft'  his  shoe. 

^  And  Boaz  said  unto  the  elders,  and  unto  all  the  people,  "  Ye  are 
witnesses  this  day,  that  I  have  bought  all  that  was  Elimelech's,  and  all 
that  was  Chilion's  and  Mahlon's,  of  the  hand  of  Naomi.  ^°  Moreover 
Ruth  the  Moabitess,  the  wife  of  Mahlon,  have  I  purchased  to  be  my 
wife,  to  raise  up  the  name  of  the  dead  upon  his  inheritance,  'that  the 
name  of  the  dead  be  not  cut  oft'  from  among  his  brethren,  and  from 
the  gate  of  his  place  :  ye  are  witnesses  this  day."  ^^  And  all  the  people 
that  were  in  the  gate,  and  the  elders,  said,  "  We  are  witnesses.  "The 
Lord  make  the  woman  that  is  come  into  thy  house  like  Rachel  and 
like  Leah,  which  two  did  "build  the  house  of  Israel ;  and  f  do  thou 
worthily  in  "Ephratah,  and  tbe  famous  in  Beth-lehem.  ^~  And  let  thy 
house  be  like  the  house  of  Pharez,  "^whom  Tamar  bare  unto  Judah, 
of  "the  seed  which  the  Lord  shall  give  thee  of  this  young  woman." 

^^  So  Boaz  took  Ruth,  and  she  was  his  wife  ;  and  when  he  went  in 
unto  her,  ^the  Lord  gave  her  conception,  and  she  bare  a  son.  ^^  And 
"the  women  said  unto  Naomi,  "  Blessed  be  the  Lord,  which  hath  not 
*left  thee  this  day  without  a  tkinsman,  that  his  name  may  be  famous 
in  Israel.  ^^  And  he  shall  be  unto  thee  a  restorer  of  thy  life,  and  la 
nourisher  of  *thine  old  age  ;  for  thy  daughter-in-law,  which  loveth 
thee,  which  is  ''better  to  thee  than  seven  sons,  hath  born  him."  ^^  And 
Naomi  took  the  child,  and  laid  it  in  her  bosom,  and  became  nurse 
unto  it.  "  And  'the  women  her  neighbours  gave  it  a  name,  saying, 
"  There  is  a  son  born  to  Naomi  ;  "  and  they  called  his  name  Obed  : 
he  is  the  father  of  Jesse,  the  father  of  David. 

^^  Now  these  are  the  generations  of  Pharez :  ''Pharez  begat  Hezron, 
^°and  Hezron  begat  Ram,  and  Ram  begat  Amminadab,  ^^and  Ammin- 
adab  begat  'Nahshon,  and  Nahshon  begat  tSalmon,  -^  and  Salmon 
begat  Boaz,  and  Boaz  begat  Obed,  ^'^and  Obed  begat  Jesse,  and  Jesse 
begat  -^David. 

Section  VII. — Gideon,  Judge; — He  delivercth  Israel; — His  Death. 
Judges  vi.  7,  to  the  end,  chap.  vii.  and  viii. 
A  prophet  rehuketh  the  Israelites.  11  An  anrrel  sendeth  Gideon  for  their  deliverance.  17  Gideon's 
present  is  consumed  with  Jire.  25  He  destroyeth  Baal's  altar,  and  offereth  a  sacrijce  upon  the 
altar  Jehovah-shaLom.  28  Joash  defendeth  his  son,  and  calleth  him  Jerubhaal.  33  Gideon's  arnuf. 
35  His  signs.  —  Chap.  vii.  1  His  army  of  thirty-two  thousand  is  reduced  to  three  hundred.  He 
is  encouraged  by  the  dream  and  interpretation  of  the  barley  cake.  16  His  stratagevi  of  trumpets 
and  lamps  in  pitchers.  24  The  Ephraimites  take  Oreb  and  Zeeb.  —  Chap.  viii.  I  Gideon  paci- 
fieth  the  Ephraimites.     4  Suecoth  and  Penuel  refuse  ta  relieve  Gideon's  army.     10  Zebah  and 


c  Jos.  17.  2. 


368  GIDEON  DELIVERETH  ISRAEL.  [Period  IV. 

Zalmunna  are  taken.  13  Succoth  aiid  Penuel  are  destroyed.  18  Gideon  revengeth  his  brethreii's 
death  on  Zebah  and  Zalmunna.  22  He  re/useth  government.  24  His  ephod  the  cat/se  of  idolatry. 
28  Midian  subdued.  29  Gideons  children,  ujid  death.  33  The  Israeliles'  idolatry  and  ingratitude. 

'  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  children  of  Israel  cried  unto  the 
*B8h^amana  LoRD  bccausc  of  the  Midianitcs,  ^  that  the  Lord  sent  *a  prophet  unto 
the  children  of  Israel,  which  said  unto  them,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord 
God  of  Israel,  I  brought  you  up  from  Egypt,  and  brought  you  forth 
out  of  the  house  of  bondage  ;  ^  and  I  delivered  you  out  of  the  hand  of 
o  Ps.  44. 2, 3.  the  Egyptians,  and  out  of  the  hand  of  all  that  oppressed  you,  and  "drave 
them  out  from  before  you,  and  gave  you  their  land  ;  ^^  and  I  said  unto 
you,  I  am  the  Lord  your  God ;  ''fear  not  the  gods  of  the  Amorites,  in 
whose  land  ye  dwell :  but  ye  have  not  obeyed  my  voice." 

11  And  there  came  an  Angel  of  the  Lord,  and  sat  under  an  oak 

which  was  in  Ophrah,  that  pertained  unto  Joash  "the  Abi-ezrite  :  and 

<^we.  u.32,^^     his  son  ''Gideon  threshed  wheat  by  the  winepress,  fto  hide  it  from  the 

t  Heb.  to  cause  it  Midianitcs.  i^And  'the  Angel  of  the  Lord  appeared  unto  him,  and 

^■^""  said  unto  him,  "  The  Lord  is  -^with  thee,  thou  mighty  man  of  valor  !  " 

*i."ii,  28.'    "'     1^  And  Gideon  said  unto  him,  "  Oh  my  lord  !  if  the  Lord  be  with  us,  why 

/Jos.  1. 5.  ti^gj^  jg  ^]i  jjjjg  befallen  us  ?  and  "where  be  all  his  miracles  which  our 

^if.°59!h&''ro.    fathers  told  us  of,  saying,  '  Did  not  the  Lord  bring  us  up  from  Egypt  ?' 

^^-      .  but  now  the  Lord  hath  ''forsaken  us,  and  delivered  us  into  the  hands 

of  the  Midianites."  ^*  And  the  Lord  looked  upon  him,  and  said,  "  Go 

'11^32^'.^'""'  '^^  this  thy  might,  and  thou  shalt  save  Israel  from  the  hand  of  the  Mid- 

j  Jos.  ]'.9.  ianites :  ■'have  not  I  sent  thee  ?"  ^°  And  he  said  unto  him,  "  Oh  my  lord  ! 

ksee  1  sa.  9. 21.  whcrcwith  shall  I  save  Israel  ?  ''behold,  Imy  family  is  poor  in  Manasseh, 

^ini'is'"L'™'an-  ^^^  ^  ^^^  ^^^  Icast  in  my  father's  house."   i*^  And  the  Lord  said  unto 

(wt.Ex.  18. 21,    \i[m    "Surely  'I  will  be  with   thee,  and  thou   shalt  smite  the  Midi- 

^5   Mic.  5.  2.  "^ 

~ anites  as  one  man."  ^"^  And  he  said  unto  Him,  "  If  now  I  have  found 

grace  in  thy  sight,  then  '"show  me  a  sign  that  thou  talkest  with  me. 
1^  Depart  "not  hence,  I  pray  thee,  until  I  come  unto  thee,  and  bring 
forth  my  *present,  and  set  it  before  thee."  And  he  said,  '*  I  will  tarry 
until  thou  come  again." 

T"  r.    ,0  « a        ^^  And  "Gideon   went  in,  and   made  ready  ta  kid,  and  unleavened 

w>  bee  Oe,  lo.  b-o.  ■'  i        i 

t  Heb.akidofthc  cakcs  of  an  ephah  of  flour  :  the  flesh  he  put  in  a  basket,  and  he  put  the 

troat.-^.  broth  in  a  |iot,  and  brought  it  out  unto  him,  under  the  oak,  and  pre- 

sented it.  ^^  And  the  Angel  of  God  said  unto  him,    "  Take  the  flesh 

p  See  1  Ki.  18.      and  the  unleavened  cakes,  and  lay  them  upon  this  rock,  and  ^'pour  out 

'■  ■  the  broth."  And  he  did  so.  ^^  Then  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  put  forth 

the  end  of  the  staflf  that  was  in  his  hand,  and  touched  the  flesh  and 

qhe.  9. 34.  1  Ki.  thc  uuleavencd  cakes  ;  and  'there  rose  up  fire  out  of  the  rock,  and  con- 
^8.^33. 2  ch.       gm^g(j  thg  flgg]^  f^i^(j  the  unleavened  cakes.     Then  the  Angel  of  the 
Lord  departed  out  of  his  sight. 

~~  And  when  Gideon  perceived  that  he  was  an  Angel  of  the  Lord, 

r See Ge. 32. 30.  Gidcou  Said,  "  Alas,  O  Lord  God  !  'for  because  I  have  seen  an  Angel 
of  the  Lord  face  to  face."  ^3  And   t^ie  Lord  said   unto  him,  "  Peace 

5  Da.  10. 19.        'be  unto  thee  !  fear  not ;  thou  shalt  not  die."  -''  Then  Gideon  built  an 

^loHDlnui''      ^^t^'"  ^''^''^  ""^°  *''^  Lord,  and   callej|.  it  tJehovah-shalom  ;   unto   this 

peace,  see  Ge.     day  it  is  yet  in  Ophrah  of  the  Abi-ez1-ites. 

ll'.jt'.fa.'il'         -^  And  it  came  to  pass  the  same  night,  that  the  Lord  said  unto  him, 

/orlt/'"  "Take  thy  father's  young  bullock,  *even  the  second  bullock  of  seven 
years  old,  and  throw  down  the  altar  of  Baal  that  thy  father  hath,  and 
'cut  down  the  grove  that  is  by  it  ;  -"^^and  build  an  altar  unto  the  Lord 
thy  God  ui)on  thc  top  of  this  trock,  tin  the  ordered  place,  and  take 
the  second  bullock,  and  offer  a  burnt  sacrifice  with  the  wood  of  the 
grove  which  thou  shalt  cut  down."  -^Then  Gideon  took  ten  men  of 
his  servants,  and  did  as  the  Lord  had  said  unto  him ;  and  so  it  was, 
because  he  feared  his  father's  household,  and  the  men  of  the  city,  that 
he  could  not  do  it  by  day,  that  he  did  it  by  night. 


I  E.\-.  3.  12. 

m  Ex.  4.  1-8. 

2  Ki.  20.  8.  Ps. 

86.  17.  Is.  7.  11. 
n  See  Ge.  18.3,5. 
*  Or,  meat  offer- 


and  he  "blew  a  trumpet ;  and  Abi-ezer  Iwas  gathered  after  him.  ^^  And 
he  sent  messengers  throughout  all  Manasseh ;  who  also  was  gathered 
after  him.     And  he  sent  messengers  unto  Asher,  and  unto   Zebulun, 


Part  V.]  GIDEON  OVERTHROWS  THE  MIDIANITES.  369 

^^  And  when  the  men  of  the  city  arose  early  in  the  morning,  behold, 
the  altar  of  Baal  was  cast  down,  and  the  grove  was  cut  down  that  was 
by  it,  and  the  second  bullock  was  offered  upon  the  altar  that  was  built. 
^^  And  they  said  one  to  another,  "  Who  hath  done  this  thing?  "  And 
when  they  inquired  and  asked,  they  said,  "Gideon  the  son  of  Joash  hath 
done  this  thing."  ^^  Then  the  men  of  the  city  said  unto  Joash,  "  Bring 
out  thy  son,  that  he  may  die  ;  because  he  hath  cast  down  the  altar  of 
Baal,  and  because  he  hath  cut  down  the  grove  that  was  by  it."  ^^  And 
Joash  said  unto  all  that  stood  against  him,  "  Will  ye  plead  for  Baal  ? 
will  ye  save  him  ?  he  that  will  plead  for  him,  let  him  be  put  to  death 
whilst  it  is  yet  morning :  if  he  be  a  god,  let  him  plead  for  himself,  be- 
cause one  hath  cast  down  his  altar."  ^~  Therefore  on  that  day  he  called 

*I^^pUad.'i  sa..  ^^^"^  *Jerubbaal,  saying,  "Let  Baal  plead  against  him,  because  he  hath 

2]' jektb^Xlt  thrown  down  his  altar." 

that  is.  Let  the  '       ^^  Thcu  all  the  Midianites  and  the  Amalekites  and  the  children  of 

piead'.seellf  thc  cast  wcrc  gathered  together,  and  went  over,  and  pitched  in  "the 
ui'o!^'i7^°ie'^^'  ^'il'^y  of  Jezreel.  ^^  But  "the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  fcame  upon  Gideon, 

V  I  Ch.  12.  18. 
2  Ch.  24.  20. 
t  Heb.  clothed. 
IB  Nu.  10.  3. 

^^^'hbT""^^^^  ^"^  ""^"^  Naphtali ;  and  they  came  up  to  meet  them. 

^^  And  Gideon  said  unto  God,  "  If  thou  wilt  save  Israel  by  my  hand, 

X  See  Ex.  4. 3, 4,  as  thou  hast  Said,  ^"^  behold,  ""I  will  put  a  fleece  of  wool  in  the  floor  ; 
and  if  the  dew  be  on  the  fleece  only,  and  it  be  dry  upon  all  the  earth 
besides,  then  shall  I  know  that  thou  wilt  save  Israel  by  my  hand,  as 
thou  hast  said."  ^^  And  it  was  so  :  for  he  rose  up  early  on  the  morrow, 
and  thrust  the  fleece  together,  and  wringed  the  dew  out  of  the  fleece, 

yGe.18.32.  ^^  ^q^]  f^jjj  ^f  ^^^^^^  39  ^nd  Gidcou  Said  uuto  God,  "Let  ^not  thine 
anger  be  hot  against  me,  and  I  will  speak  but  this  once.  Let  me  prove, 
I  pray  thee,  but  this  once  with  the  fleece  ;  let  it  now  be  dry  only  upon 
the  fleece,  and  upon  all  the  ground  let  there  be  dew."  ^**  And  God  did 
so  that  night ;  for  it  was  dry  upon  the  fleece  only,  and  there  was  dew 
on  all  the  ground. 

^  Then  Jerubbaal,  who  is  Gideon,  and  all  the  people  that  Jud.  vii. 
were  with  him,  rose  up  early,  and  pitched  beside  the  well  of 
Harod  ;  so  that  the  host  of  the  Midianites  were  on  the  north  side  of 
them,  by  the  hill  of  Moreh,  in  the  valley.  ^And  the  Lord  said  unto 
Gideon,  "  The  people  that  are  with  thee  are  too  many  for  me  to  give 
the  Midianites  into  their  hands,  lest  Israel  ""vaunt  themselves  against 
me,  saying,  Mine  own  hand  hath  saved  me.  ^  Now  therefore  go  to, 
proclaim  in  the  ears  of  the  people,  saying,  "Whosoever  is  fearful  and 
afraid,  let  him  return  and  depart  early  from  Mount  Gilead."  And 
there  returned  of  the  people  twenty  and  two  thousand  ;  and  there  re- 
mained ten  thousand.  ''  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Gideon,  "  The  people 
are  yet  too  many  ;  bring  them  down  unto  the  water,  and  I  will  try 
them  for  thee  there.  And  it  shall  be,  that  of  whom  I  say  unto  thee, 
This  shall  go  with  thee,  the  same  shall  go  with  thee  ;  and  of  whom- 
soever I  say  unto  thee.  This  shall  not  go  with  thee,  the  same  shall 
not  go."  ^  So  he  brought  down  the  people  unto  the  water ;  and  the 
Lord  said  unto  Gideon,  "  Every  one  that  lappeth  of  the  water  with  his 
tongue,  as  a  dog  lappeth,  him  shalt  thou  set  by  himself ;  likewise  every 
one  that  boweth  down  upon  his  knees  to  drink."  ^And  the  number 
of  them  that  lapped,  putting  their  hand  to  their  mouth,  were  three 
hundred  men  ;  but  all  the  rest  of  the  people  bowed  down  upon  their 
knees  to  drink  water.  ''  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Gideon,  "  By  ''the 
three  hundred  men  that  lapped  will  I  save  you,  and  deliver  the  Midi- 
anites into  thy  hand  ;  and  let  all  the  other  people  go  every  man  unto 
47 


iDe.S.  17.1s.  10, 
13.  1  Co.  1.  29. 
2  Co.  4.  7. 


o7(> 


GIDEON  OVERTHROWS  THE  MIDIANITES,         [Period  IV. 


dSeeGe.  24.  14 
1  Sa.  14.  9,  10. 


*  Or,  ranks  by 
five.  Ex.  13.  If 


f  Heb.  the  break- 
ing lltcreof. 


J  Heb.  trumpets 
in  the  hand  of  all 
of  them. 

*  Or,  firebrands, 
or,  torches. 


f  Ex.  14.  13,  14. 

2  Ch.  HO.  17. 
/2  Ki.  7.  7. 
fi- Jos.  6.  4,  16, 

20.  See  2  Co. 

4.7. 
A  Ps.  83.  9.  Is. 

9.4. 
i  I  Sa.  14.20. 

2  Cb.  20.  23. 
•(•  Or,  toward. 
X  Heb.  lip. 
j  Ju.  3.  27,  28. 

k  John  1.  28. 

IPs.  83.  n. 
V,  U.  10.  20. 


n  See  Ju.  12.    1. 
2Sa.  19.41. 

*  Heb.   Wtat 
thing  is  thi^  thou 
hast  done  unto 


his  place."  ^  So  the  people  took  victuals  in  their  hand,  and  their  trum- 
pets ;  and  he  sent  all  the  rest  of  Israel  every  man  unto  his  tent,  and 
retained  those  three  hundred  men  :  and  the  host  of  Midian  was  beneath 
him  in  the  valley. 

'-^  And  it  came  to  pass  the  same  "night,  that  the  Lord  said  unto  him, 
'•  Arise,  get  thee  down  unto  the  host ;  for  I  have  delivered  it  into  thy 
hand.  ^°  But  if  thou  fear  to  go  down,  go  thou  with  Phurah  thy  servant 
down  to  the  host.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  ''hear  what  they  say  ;  and  afterward 
shall  thy  hands  be  strengthened  to  go  down  unto  the  host."  Then 
went  he  down  with  Phurah  his  .servant  unto  the  outside  of  the  *armed 
men  that  were  in  the  host.  '~  And  the  Midianites  and  the  Amalckites 
and  all  the  children  of  the  East  lay  along  in  the  valley  like  grasshoppers 
for  multitude  ;  and  their  camels  were  without  number,  as  the  sand  by 
the  sea  side  for  multitude.  ^^  And  wiien  Gideon  was  come,  behold, 
there  was  a  man  that  told  a  dream  unto  his  fellow,  and  said,  '■  Behold, 
I  dreamed  a  dream,  and,  lo !  a  cake  of  barley  bread  tumbled  into  the 
host  of  Midian,  and  came  unto  a  tent,  and  smote  it  that  it  fell,  and  over- 
turned it,  that  the  tent  lay  along."  ^^  And  his  fellow  answered  and  said, 
"  This  is  nothing  else  save  the  sword  of  Gideon  the  son  of  Joasli,  a 
man  of  Israel ;  ifor  into  his  hand  hath  God  delivered  Midian.  and  all 
the  host." 

^^  And  it  was  so,  when  Gideon  heard  the  telling  of  the  dream,  and 
fthe  interpretation  thereof,  that  he  worshipped,  and  returned  into  the 
host  of  Israel,  and  said,  "  Arise  !  for  the  Lord  hath  delivered  into  your 
hand  the  host  of  Midian."  ^''And  he  divided  the  three  hundred  men 
into  three  companies,  and  he  put  ta  trumpet  in  every  man's  hand,  with 
empty  pitchers,  and  *lamps  within  the  pitchers.  ^"  And  he  said  unto 
them,  "  Look  on  me,  and  do  likewise  ;  and,  behold,  when  I  come  to 
the  outside  of  the  camp,  it  shall  be  that,  as  I  do,  so  shall  ye  do.  ^^  When 
I  blow  with  a  trumpet,  I  and  all  that  are  with  me,  then  blow  ye  the 
trumpets  also  on  every  side  of  all  the  camp,  and  say,  The  sword  of 
the  Lord,  and  of  Gideon." 

'^^  So  Gideon,  and  the  hundred  men  that  were  with  him,  came  unto 
the  outside  of  the  camp  in  the  beginning  of  the  middle  watch  ;  and 
they  had  but  newly  set  the  watch  :  and  they  blew  the  trumpets,  and 
brake  the  pitchers  that  were  in  their  hands.  -"  And  the  three  companies 
blew  the  trumpets,  and  brake  the  pitchers,  and  held  the  lamps  in  tlieir 
left  hands,  and  the  trumpets  in  their  right  hands  to  blow  withal  :  and 
they  cried,  "  The  sword  of  the  Lord,  and  of  Gideon."  -^  And  they  'stood 
every  man  in  his  place  round  about  the  camp  ;  •'^and  all  the  host  ran, 
and  cried,  and  fled.  ^^  And  the  three  hundred  "blew  the  trumpets,  and 
"the  Lord  set  'every  man's  sword  against  his  fellow,  even  throughout 
all  the  host  ;  and  the  host  fled  to  Beth-shittah  tin  Zererath,  and  to  the 
tborder  of  Abel-meholah,  unto  Tabbati).  -^  And  the  men  of  Israel  gath- 
ered themselves  together  out  of  Naphtali,  and  out  of  Asher,  and  out 
of  all  Manasseh,  and  pursued  after  the  Midianites. 

^'^  And  Gideon  sent  messengers  throughout  all  'Mount  Ephraim,  say- 
ing, "  Come  down  against  the  Midianites,  and  take  before  them  the 
waters  unto  "Beth-barah  and  Jordan."  Then  all  the  men  of  Ephraim 
gathered  themselves  together,  and  took  the  waters  unto  Beth-barah 
and  Jordan.  -''And  they  took  'two  princes  of  the  Midianites,  Oreband 
Zeeb ;  and  they  slew  Oreb  upon  '"the  rock  Oreb,  and  Zeeb  they  slew 
at  the  winepress  of  Zeeb,  and  pursued  Midian,  and  brought  the  heads 
of  Oreb  and  Zeeb  to  Gideon  on  the  other  side  Jordan. 

1  And  "the  men  of  Ephraim  said  unto  him,  "  *Wliy  hast     J"!'-  viii. 
thou  served   us  thus,  that  thou  calledst  us  not,  when   thou 
wentest  to  fight  with  the  Midianites  ?  "     And  they  did  chide  with  him 


Part  V.] 


AND  SLAYS  ZEBAH  AND  ZALMUNNA. 


371 


V  Ge.  33.  17. 


jSeelKi.20.  11 
r  See  1  Sa.  25. 


t  Heh.  strongly,    fsharply.  2  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  What  have  I  done  now  in  com- 
parison of  you  ?  is  not  the  gleaning  of  the  grapes  of  Ephraim  better 
o  Phil.  2. 3.         tj^an  the  vintage  of  Abi-ezer  ?  ^  God  "hath  dehvered  into  your  hands 
the  princes  of  Tsiidian,  Oreb  and  Zeeb  :  and  what  was  I  able  to  do  in 
t  Heb,  spirit.  Pr.  comparisou  of  you  ?  "  Then  their  tanger  was  abated  toward  him,  when 
he  had  said  that. 

4  And  Gideon  came  to  Jordan,  and  passed  over,  he,  and  the  three 
hundred  men  that  were  with  him,  faint,  yet  pursuing  them.  ^  And  he 
said  unto  the  men  of  ^Succoth,  "  Give,  I  pray  you,  loaves  of  bread 
unto  the  people  that  follow  me  ;  for  they  be  faint,  and  I  am  pursuing 
after  Zebah  and  Zalmunna,  kings  of  Midian." 

^  And  the  princes  of  Succoth  said,  "  Are  'the  hands  of  Zebah  and 
Zalmunna  now  in  thy  hand,  that  'we  should  give  bread  unto  thine 
army  ?  "  '  And  Gideon  said,  "  Therefore  when  the  Lord  hath  dehvered 
Zebah  and  Zalmunna  into  my  hand,  then  I  will  *tear  your  flesh  with 
the  thorns  of  the  wilderness  and  with  briers." 

^  And  he  went  up  thence  'to  Penuel,  and  spake  unto  them  Ukewise  ; 
and  the  men  of  Penuel  answered  him  as  the  men  of  Succoth  had  an- 
swered him.  9  And  he  spake  also  unto  the  men  of  Penuel,  saying,  "  When 
I  'come  again  in  peace,  I  will  break  down  this  tower." 

1°  Now  Zebah  and  Zalmunna  were  in  Karkor,  and  their  hosts  with 
them,  about  fifteen  thousand  men,  all  that  were  left  of  all  the  hosts  of 
the  children  of  the  East ;  for  there  fell  tan  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
men  that  drew  sword.  ^^  And  Gideon  went  up  by  the  way  of  them 
that  dwelt  in  tents  on  the  east  of  "Nobah  and  Jogbehah,  and  smote  the 
host ;  for  the  host  was  "secure.  ^^  And  when  Zebah  and  Zalmunna 
fled,  he  pursued  after  them,  and  "took  the  two  kings  of  Midian,  Zebah 
and  Zalmunna,  and  tdiscomfited  all  the  host. 

^^  And  Gideon  the  son  of  Joash  returned  from  battle  before  the  sun 
was  up,  ^4  and  caught  a  young  man  of  the  men  of  Succoth,  and  in- 
quired of  him  ;  and  he  *described  unto  him  the  princes  of  Succoth,  and 
the  elders  thereof,  even  threescore  and  seventeen  men.  ^^  And  he  came 
unto  the  men  of  Succoth,  and  said,  "  Behold  Zebah  and  Zalmunna, 
with  whom  ye  did  upbraid  me,  saying,  '  Are  the  hands  of  Zebah  and 
Zalmunna  now  in  thy  hand,  that  we  should  give  bread  unto  thy  men 
that  are  weary  ?'  "  ^^  And  he  took  the  elders  of  the  city,  and  thorns  of 
the  wilderness  and  briers,  and  with  them  he  ttaught  the  men  of  Succoth. 
"  And  he  beat  down  the  tower  of  "Penuel,  and  slew  the  men  of  the  city. 
IS  Then  said  he  unto  Zebah  and  Zalmunna,  "  What  manner  of  men 
were  they  whom  ye  slew  at  ^Tabor  ?"  And  they  answered,  "  As  thou 
art,  so  were  they  ;  each  one  tresembled  the  children  of  a  king." 
1^  And  he  said,  "  They  were  my  brethren,  even  the  sons  of  my  mother : 
as  the  Lord  liveth,  if  ye  had  saved  them  ahve,  I  would  not  slay  you." 
20  And  he  said  unto  Jether  his  firstborn,  "  Up,  and  slay  them."  But 
the  youth  drew  not  his  sword  ;  for  he  feared,  because  he  was  yet  a 
youth.  21  Then  Zebah  and  Zalmunna  said,  "  Rise  thou,  and  fall  upon 
us  ;  for  as  the  man  is,  so  is  his  strength."  And  Gideon  arose,  and  'slew 
Zebah  and  Zalmunna,  and  took  away  the  *ornaments  that  were  on 
their  camels'  necks. 

22  Then  the  men  of  Israel  said  unto  Gideon,  "  Rule  thou  over  us, 
both  thou,  and  thy  son,  and  thy  son's  son  also  ;  for  thou  hast  delivered 
us  from  the  hand  of  Midian."  23And  Gideon  said  unto  them,  "I  will 
not  rule  over  you,  neither  shall  my  son  rule  over  you  :  "the  Lord  shall 
rule  over  you." 

24  And  Gideon  said  unto  them,  '=  I  would   desire  a  request  of  you, 

that  you  would  give  me  every  man  the  earrings  of  his  prey."  (For  they 

'ay'ofbi''''"     had  golden  earrings,  'because   they  were   Ishmaelites.)  25  And    they 


t  Or,  an  hundred 
and  twenty  thou- 
sand, every  one 
draxcing  asword. 
Ju.  20.  2,  15,  17, 
25.  2  Ki.  3.  26. 

u  Nu.  32.  35,  42. 

V  Ju.  18.  27. 
1  Thes.  5.  3. 

joPs.  83.  11. 

X  Heb.  terrified. 


X  1  Ki.  12.  25. 


%  Heb.  according 
to  the  form,  Sfc. 


372 


USURPATION  OF  ABIMELECH. 


[Period  IV. 


answered,  "  We  will  willingly  give  them."  And  they  spread  a  garment, 
and  did  cast  therein  every  man  the  earrings  of  his  prey.  ~^  And  the 
weight  of  the  golden  earrings  that  he  requested  was  a  thousand  and 
jeweu.  seven  hundred  shekels  of  gold  ;  besides  ornaments,  and  tcollars,  and 
purple  raiment  that  was  on  the  kings  of  Midian,  and  besides  the  chains 
that  were  about  their  camels'  necks,  ^'  And  Gideon  "made  an  ephod 
thereof,  and  put  it  in  his  city,  even  in  Ophrah  ;  and  all  Israel  ''went 
thither  a  whoring  after  it :  which  thing  became  'a  snare  unto  Gideon, 
and  to  his  house. 

-^  Thus  was  Midian  subdued  before  the  children  of  Israel,  so  that 
they  lifted  up  their  heads  no  more.  And  the  country  was  in  quietness 
forty  years  in  the  days  of  Gideon. 

-^  And  Jerubbaal  the  son  of  Joash  went  and  dwelt  in  his  own  house. 
"^°  And  Gideon  had  •'^threescore  and  ten  sons  tof  his  body  begotten  ;  for 
^offistiugh."^  he  had  many  wives.  ^'  And  his  concubine  that  was  in  Shechem,  she 
•  Heb.  set.       valso  bare  him  a  son,  whose  name  he  *called  Abimelech. 

^-  And  Gideon  the  son  of  Joash  died  °'in  a  good  old  age,  and  was 
buried  in  the  sepulchre  of  Joash  his  father,  in  Ophrah  of  the  Abi- 
ezrites.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  soon  as  Gideon  was  dead,  that  the 
children  of  Israel  turned  again,  and  went  a  whoring  after  Baalim,  and 
made  Baal-berith  their  god.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  ''remembered 
not  the  Lord  their  God,  who  had  delivered  them  out  of  the  hands  of 
all  their  enemies  on  every  side  ;  ^^  neither  ^showed  they  kindness  to 
the  house  of  Jerubbaal,  namely,  Gideon,  according  to  all  the  goodness 
which  he  had  showed  unto  Israel. 


f  Or,  sweet 

c  Ju.  17.  5. 
d  Pa.  106. ; 
e  De.  7.  16. 


/Ju.  9.2,5. 


P  Ge.  25.  8.  Job 
5.  26. 


h  Ps.  78.  11,  42 
&  106.  13,  21. 


16-18. 
14,  15. 


SECT.  VUI. 

A.  M.  2769. 

B. C.  1235. 

Hales,  1319. 

Shechem. 


*Heb.  WluU  is 
good  ?  whether, 
4'e. 


t  Heb.  after. 


cJu.  11.3.  2Ch, 
13.  7.  Pr.  12.  11. 
Ac.  17.  5. 


I  Heb.  or,  Inj  the 
oak  of  the  pillar 
Bee  Jos.  21.  26. 

fDo.  11.  29.  & 
27.  12.  Jos.  8.33 
John  4.  20. 

/See2Ki.  14.  9 


g  Ps.  104.  15. 

*  Heb.  go  VD  071 
down  for  otlier 


Section  VIII. —  Usurpation  of  Abimelech; — His  Death. 
Judges  ix. 
Abimelech  by  conspiracy  with  the  Sliechemites,  and  murder  of  his  brethren,  is  made  king.  7  Jotham 
by  a  parable  rebuketh  them,  and  foretelletli  their  niin.  22  Gaol  conspireth  with  the  Sliechemites 
against  him.  30  Zebiil  revealeth  it.  34  Abimelech  overcometh  thein,  and  soweth  the  city  with  salt. 
46  He  burneth  the  hold  of  the  god  Berith.  60  At  Thebez  he  is  slain  by  a  piece  of  a  millstone. 
56  Jotham's  curse  is  fulfilled. 

^  And  Abimelech  the  son  of  Jerubbaal  went  to  Shechem  unto  "his 
mother's  brethren,  and  communed  with  them,  and  with  all  the  family 
of  the  house  of  his  mother's  father,  saying,  -  "  Speak,  I  pray  you,  in 
the  ears  of  all  the  men  of  Shechem,  *  Whether  is  better  for  you,  either 
that  all  the  sons  of  Jerubbaal,  which  are  threescore  and  ten  persons, 
reign  over  you,  or  that  one  reign  over  you  ?  remember  also  that  I  am 
''your  bone  and  your  flesh."  ^  And  his  mother's  brethren  spake  of  him 
in  the  ears  of  all  the  men  of  Shechem  all  these  words  :  and  their  hearts 
inclined  tto  follow  Abimelech  ;  for  they  said,  "He  is  our  brother." 
■*  And  they  gave  him  threescore  and  ten  pieces  of  silver  out  of  the 
house  of  Baal-berith,  wherewith  Abimelech  hired  'vain  and  light  persons, 
which  followed  him.  ^  And  he  went  unto  his  father's  house  at  Ophrah, 
and  "slew  his  brethren  the  sons  of  Jerubbaal,  being  threescore  and 
ten  persons,  upon  one  stone  :  notwithstanding  yet  Jotham  the  young- 
est son  of  Jerubbaal  was  left ;  for  he  hid  himself.  "  And  all  the  men  of 
Shechem  gathered  together,  and^all  the  house  of  Millo,  and  went,  and 
made  Abimelech  king,  thy  the  plain  of  the  pillar  that  was  in  Shechem. 

"And  when  they  told  it  to  Jotham,  he  went  and  stood  in  the  top  of 
'Mount  Gerizim,and  lifted  up  his  voice,  and  cried,  and  said  unto  them, 
"  Hearken  unto  me,  ye  men  of  Shechem,  that  God  may  hearken  unto 
you.  ''The  ^trees  went  forth  on  a  time  to  anoint  a  king  over  them  ; 
and  they  said  unto  the  olive  tree,  '  Reign  thou  over  us.'  ^  But  the  olive 
tree  said  unto  them,  '  Should  I  leave  my  fatness,  ^'wherewith  by  me 
they  honor  God  and  man,  and  *go  to  be  promoted  over  the  trees?' 
'•^  And  the  trees  said  to  the  fig  tree,  'Come  thou,  and  reign  over  us.' 
'1  But  the  fig  tree  said  unto  them,  '  Should  I  forsake  my  sweetness,  and 


Part  V.]  USURPATION  OF  ABIMELECH.  373 

my  good  fruit,  and  go  to  be  promoted  over  the  trees?  '  ^-Then  said 

the  trees  unto  the  vine,  '  Come  thou,  and  reign  over  us.'  ^^  And  the 
h  ps.  104. 15.       vine  said  unto  them,  '  Should  I  leave  my  wine,  ''which  cheereth  God 

and  man,  and  go  to  be  promoted  over  the  trees  ?'  ^'^  Then  said  all  the 
ioi,  thistle.         trees  unto  the  tbramble,   '  Come  thou,  and  reign  over  us.'  ^^  And  the 

bramble  said  unto  the  trees,  '  If  in  truth  ye  anoint  me  king  over  you, 
'J^-30.2.^Da.4.  ^j^gj^  come  and  put  your  trust  in  my  'shadow  ;  and  if  not,  'let  fire  come 
j  Nu.  21. 28.  Ez.  out  of  the  bramble,  and  devour  the  ^cedars  of  Lebanon.'  ^'^  Now  there- 
/^2K-*  14  9  Ps  ^^^^'  ^^  y^  have  done  truly  and  sincerely,  in  that  ye  have  made  Abim- 
']04. 16.  is.2.  is!  elech  kins,  and  if  ye  have  dealt  well  with  Jerubbaal   and   his  house 


and  have  done  unto  him  according  to  the  deserving  of  his  hands,  ^"^  (for 

X  Heb.  casthis      my  father  fought  for  you,  and  tadventured  his  life  far.  and  delivered 

''■^''  you  out  of  the  hand   of  Midian  ;  ^^  and  ye  are  risen  up  against  my 

father's    house  this  day,  and  have  slain  his  sons,  threescore  and   ten 

persons,  upon  one  stone,  and  have  made  Abimelech,  the  son  of  his 

maidservant,  king  over  the  menof  Shechem,  because  he  is  your  brother ;) 

^^  if  ye  then  have  dealt  truly  and  sincerely  with  Jerubbaal  and  with 

Us.  8. 6.  Phil,      his  house  this  day,  then  'rejoice  ye    in  Abimelech,  and  let  him  also 

rejoice  in  you.  ^^  But  if  not,  let  fire  come  out  from  Abimelech,  and 

devour  the  men  of  Shechem,  and   the   house  of  Millo  ;  and  let  fire 

come  out  from  the  men  of  Shechem,  and  from  the  house  of  Millo, 

and  devour  Abimelech."  ^^  And  Jotham  ran  away,  and  fled,  and  went 

m2Sa.  20. 14.      to  '"Bccr,  and  dwelt  there,  for  fear  of  Abimelech  his  brother. 

"i8 ^/'icf 'set  ^       ~^  When  Abimelech  had  reigned  three  years  over  Israel,  ^^  then  "God 

1  ki!  n.  15.  &    sent  an  evil  spirit  between  Abimelech  and  the  men  of  Shechem  ;  and 


a.  2  Ch.  10. 


i5!&i8.  i9,'&c!  the  men  of  Shechem  "dealt  treacherously  with  Abimelech  :  ^'*that^the 


Is.  19.  2,  14. 
Is.  33.  1. 


cruelty  done  to  the  threescore  and  ten  sons  of  Jerubbaal  might  come, 

"p ikirk 32.        and  their  blood  be  laid  upon  Abimelech  their  brother,  which  slew  them  ; 

fe.Vat^da^ss^'  and  upon  the  men  of  Shechem,  which  *aided  him  in  the  killing  of  his 

^^-  brethren.  ^^  And  the  men  of  Shechem  set  Hers  in  wait  for  him  in  the 

ed\isTan£tr"  top  of  the  moutttaius,  and  they  robbed  all  that  came  along  that  way  by 

*'"■  them  ;  and  it  was  told  Abimelech.  ^^  And  Gaal  the  son  of  Ebed  came 

with  his  brethren,  and  went  over  to  Shechem  ;  and  the  menof  Shechem 

put  their  confidence  in  him.  ^'''And  they  went  out  into  the  fields,  and 

^i^'m'^^w  T  gathered  their  vineyards,  and  trode  the  grapes,  and  made  tmerry,  and 

25. 30.  '    "     '  went  into  the  house  of  their  god,  and  did  eat  and  drink,  and   cursed 

^iKi'^i'ie'      Abimelech.  ^^  And  Gaal  the  son  of  Ebed  said,  "  Who  'is  Abimelech, 

and  who  is  Shechem,  that  we  should  serve  him  ?  is  not  he  the  son  of 

r  Ge.  34. 2, 6.       Jerubbaal  ?  and  Zebul  his  officer  ?  serve  the  men  of  '^Hamor  the  father 

«2Sa.  15. 4.       Qf  Shechem :  for  why  should  we  serve  him  ?  ^^  And  ^would  to  God  this 

people  were  under  my  hand  !  then  would  I  remove  Abimelech."    And 

he  said  to  Abimelech,  "  Increase  thine  army,  and  come  out." 

^^  And  when  Zebul  the  ruler  of  the  city  heard  the  words  of  Gaal  the 

t  Or,  hot.  son  of  Ebed,  his  anger  was  tkindled.  ^^  And  he  sent  messengers  unto 

*m''tTormak     Abimclcch  *privily,  saying,  "Behold,  Gaal  the  son  of  Ebed  and  his 

brethren  be  come  to  Shechem  ;  and,  behold,  they  fortify  the  city  against 

thee.  ^^  Now  therefore  up  by  night,  thou  and  the  people  that  is  with 

thee,  and  lie  in  wait  in  the  field.  ^^  And  it  shall  be,  that  in  the  morning, 

as  soon  as  the  sun  is  up,  thou  shalt  rise  early,  and  set   upon  the  city : 

and,  behold,  when  he  and  the  people  that  is  with  him  come  out  against 

\^anfi7d!"{'s'I^  thee,  then  mayest  thou  do  to  them  tas  thou  shalt  find  occasion." 

Ec  ^9  to^'  ^'         ^^  ^^^  Abimelech  rose  up,  and  all  the  people  that  were   with  him, 

by  night,  and  they  laid  wait  against  Shechem  in  four  companies.  ^^And 

Gaal  the  son  of  Ebed  went  out,  and  stood  in  the  entering  of  the  gate 

of  the  city  ;  and  Abimelech  rose  up,  and  the   people    that  were   with 

him,  from  lying  in  wait.  ^^  And  when  Gaal  saw  the  people,  he  said  to 

Zebul,  "  Behold,  there  come  people  down  from  the  top  of  the  moun- 

VOL.  I.  2f 


3T4  THE  GOVERNMENT  OF  TOLA.  [Period  IV. 

tains !  "  And  Zebul  said  unto  him,  "  Thou  seest   the  shadow   of  the 
mountains  as  if  they  were  men."  '^'  And  Gaal  spake   again   and   said, 

t  Heb.  navel.       "  ggg  there  como  people  down  by  the  Jmiddle  of  the  land,  and  another 

* ^I'of'oiTim^.  company  come  along  by  the  plain  of  *Meonenim."  ^^  Then  said  Zebul 
De.  18. 14.  unto  him,  "  Where  is  now  thy  mouth,  wherewith  thou  saidst,  '  Who 
is  Abimelech,  that  we  should  serve  him  ? '  is  not  this  the  people  that 
thou  hast  despised  ?  go  out,  I  pray  now,  and  fight  with  them."  '^^  And 
Gaal  went  out  before  the  men  of  Shechem,  and  fought  with  Abimelech. 
^^  And  Abimelech  chased  him,  and  he  fled  before  him,  and  many  were 
overthrown  and  wounded,  even  unto  the  entering  of  the  gate.  "^^  And 
Abimelech  dwelt  at  Arumah ;  and  Zebul  thrust  out  Gaal  and  his 
brethren,  that  they  should  not  dwell  in  Shechem.  '■-  And  it  came  to 
pass  on  the  morrow,  that  the  people  went  out  into  the  field  ;  and  they 
told  Abimelech.  '^^  And  he  took  the  people,  and  divided  them  into 
three  companies,  and  laid  wait  in  the  field,  and  looked,  and,  behold, 
the  people  were  come  forth  out  of  the  city  ;  and  he  rose  up  against 
them,  and  smote  them.  ^^  And  Abimelech,  and  the  company  that  was 
with  him,  rushed  forward,  and  stood  in  the  entering  of  the  gate  of 
the  city  ;  and  the  two  other  companies  ran  upon  all  the  people  that 
were  in  the  fields,  and  slew  them.  '^^  And  Abimelech  fought  against 
the  city  all  that  day ;  and  he  took  the  city,  and  slew  the  people  that 

''^i.'^.'iK\]^''  ^^'^^  therein,  and  'beat  down  the  city,  and  sowed  it  with  salt. 
'^-  ^^  And  when  all  the  men  of  the  tower  of  Shechem  heard  that,  they 

«ju.8.33.  entered  into  a  hold  of  the  house  "of  the  god  Berith.  ''^  And  it  was  told 
Abimelech,  that  all  the  men  of  the  tower  of  Shechem  were  gathered 

r  Ps.  68. 14.  together.  '^^  And  Abimelech  gat  him  up  to  "Mount  Zalmon,  he  and  all 
the  people  that  were  with  him  ;  and  Abimelech  took  an  axe  in  his  hand, 
and  cut  down  a  bough  from  the  trees,  and  took  it,  and  laid  it  on  his 
shoulder,  and  said  unto  the  people  that  were  with   him,  "  What  ye 

^^ote'.  ^'"""  have  seen  tme  do,  make  haste,  and  do  as  I  have  done."  ^'^  And  all  the 
people  likewise  cut  down  every  man  his  bough,  and  followed  Abimelech, 
and  put  them  to  the  hold,  and  set  the  hold  on  fire  upon  them  ;  so  that 
all  the  men  of  the  tower  of  Shechem  died  also,  about  a  thousand  men 
and  women. 

^^  Then  went  Abimelech  to  Thebez,  and  encamped  against  Thebez, 
and  took  it.  ^^  But  there  was  a  strong  tower  within  the  city,  and  thither 
fled  all  the  men  and  women,  and  all  they  of  the  city,  and  shut  it  to 
them,  and  gat  them  up  to  the  top  of  the  tower.  ^-  And  Abimelech  came 
unto  the  tower,  and  fought  against  it,  and  went  hard  unto  the  door  of 

w  2  sa.  II.  21.      ^j-,g  tQ^gr  to  burn  it  with  fire.  ^^  And  a  certain  woman  '"cast  a  piece  of  a 

zso  1  sa.  31. 4.  j^iiigtQ^g  ypQ^  Abimelech's  head,  and  all  to  break  his  skull.  •'*■*  Then  ""he 
called  hastily  unto  the  young  man  his  armorbearer,  and  said  unto  him, 
"  Draw  thy  sword,  and  slay  me,  that  men  say  not  of  me,  A  woman 
slew  him."  And  his  young  man  thrust  him  through,  and  he  died. 
■''•''  And  wiien  the  men  of  Israel  saw  that  Abimelech  was  dead,  they 
departed  every  man  unto  his  place. 

V4?U^Pr;5%.  ^"Thus  ^God  rendered  the  wickedness  of  Abimelech,  which  he  did 
unto  his  father,  in  slaying  his  seventy  brethren.  ^"^  And  all  the  evil  of 

■ the  men  of  Shechem  did  God  render  upon  their  heads  ;  and  upon  them 

came  the  curse  of  Jotham  the  son  of  Jerubbaal. 

A.  M.  2772.  Sfx-tion  \X.—  Tola  andJair,  Jndgis. 

B.  C.  1232.  .  ,    r 
u         ,o,c                                                                     Judges  x.  1-5. 

Hales,  1316.  I    A  r  mil 

Canaan.  ^^^  ^ftcr  Abimclecli  there  "arose  to  *defend  Israel  Tola  the  son 

—  of  Puah,  the  son  of  Dodo,  a  man  of  Issachar  ;  and  he  dwelt  in  Shamir 

aJu.2. 16.  in  Mount  Ephraim.  ^  And  he  judged  Israel  twenty  and  three  years,  and 

save.  died,  and  was  buried  in  Shamir. 


THE  PHILISTINES  AND  AMMONITES  OPPRESS  ISRAEL.    375 


i^ju.  5. 10.  &  1-2.       3  ^j^(j  after  him  arose  Jair,  a  Gileadite,  and  judged  Israel  twenty  and 
c  De.  3. 14.  two  years.  '*  And  he  had  thirty  sons  that  'rode  on  thirty  ass  colts,  and 

t  or,jAc  jnHa|M    jj^gy  \^^^  thirty  citios,  'which  are  called  tHavoth-jair  unto  this  day, which 
41.     '  are  in  the  land  of  Gilead.   ^  And  Jair  died,  and  was  buried  in  Camon. 


SECT.  X. 

A.  M.  2798  to 

28£!2. 

B.  C.  1206  to 

1182. 

Hales,  1271  to 

1253. 

Canaan. 


1  Sa.  12.  9. 
Heb.  crushed. 


Section  X. —  The  Pliilistines  and  Ammonites  oppress  Israel; — Jephthah, 

Judge. 

Judges  x.  6,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  xi.  and  xii.  1-7. 

The  idolatry  of  the  Israelites.  7  They  are  oppressed  by  the  Philistines  a^id  the  Ammonites.  \0  In 
their  misery  God  sendeth  them  to  their  Jalse  gods.  15  Upon  their  repentance  he  pitieth  them.  — 
Chap.  xi.  1  The  covenant  between  Jephthah  and  the  Gileadites,  that  he  should  be  their  head.  12 
The  treaty  of  peace  between  him  and  the  Ammonites  is  in  vain.  29  Jephthah's  vow.  32  His  con- 
quest  of  the  Ammonites.  34  He  performetk  his  vow  on  his  daughter. —  Chap.  xii.  1  The  Ephraim- 
ites,  quarrelling  with  Jephthah,  and  discerned  by  Shibboleth,  are  slain  by  the  Gileadites.  7 
Jephthah  dieth. 

^  And  "the  children  of  Israel  did  evil  again  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord, 
and  served  Baalim,  and  Ashtaroth,  and  the  gods  of  Syria,  and  the 
gods  of  ''Zidon,  and  the  gods  of  Moab,  and  the  gods  of  the  children 
of  Amnion,  and  the  gods  of  the  Philistines,  and  forsook  the  Lord,  and 
served  not  him.  ^  And  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  hot  against  Israel, 
and  he  '^sold  them  into  the  hands  of  the  Philistines,  and  into  the  hands 
of  the  children  of  Amnion.  ^  And  that  year  they  vexed  and  *oppressed 
the  children  of  Israel  eighteen  years,  all  the  children  of  Israel  that 
were  on  the  other  side  Jordan  in  the  land  of  the  Amorites,  which  is 
in  Gilead.  ^  Moreover  the  children  of  Amnion  passed  over  Jordan  to 
fight  also  against  Judah,  and  against  Benjamin,  and  against  the  house 
of  Ephraim  ;  so  that  Israel  was  sore  distressed. 

^°  And  ''the  children  of  Israel  cried  unto  the  Lord,  saying,  "  We 
have  sinned  against  thee,  both  because  we  have  forsaken  our  God,  and 
also  served  Baalim."  ^'  And  the  Lord  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel, 
"  Did  not  I  deliver  you  'from  the  Egyptians,  and  -^from  the  Amorites, 
^froni  the  children  of  Amnion,  and  from  the  Philistines  ?  ^"^The  'Zido- 
nians  also,  and  'the  Amalekites,  and  the  Maonites,  ^did  oppress  you  ; 
and  ye  cried  to  me,  and  I  delivered  you  out  of  their  hand.  ^^  Yet  'ye 
have  forsaken  me,  and  served  other  gods  :  wherefore  I  will  deliver  you 
no  more.  ^^  Go  'and  cry  unto  the  gods  which  ye  have  chosen  ;  let  them 
deliver  you  in  the  time  of  your  tribulation." 

^^  And  the  children  of  Israel  said  unto  the  Lord,  "  We  have  sinned : 
""do  thou  unto  us  whatsoever  f seemeth  good  unto  thee  ;  deliver  us  only, 
we  pray  thee,  this  day."  ^^  And  "they  put  away  the  tstrange  gods  from 
among  them,  and  served  the  Lord  :  and  his  soul  *was  grieved  for  the 
misery  of  Israel. 

^^Then  the  children  of  Amnion  were  tgathered  together,  and  en- 
camped in  Gilead.  And  the  children  of  Israel  assembled  themselves 
together,  and  encamped  in  "Mizpeh.  ^^  And  the  people  and  princes  of 
Gilead  said  one  to  another,  "  What  man  is  he  that  will  begin  to  fight 
against  the  children  of  Amnion  ?  he  shall  be  head  over  all  the  inhab- 
itants of  Gilead." 

^  Now  ^Jephthah  the  Gileadite  was  a  mighty  man  of  valor,  juu.  xi. 
and  he  was  the  son  of  la  harlot :  and  Gilead  begat  Jeph- 
thah. ^  And  Gilead's  wife  bare  him  sons  ;  and  his  wife's  sons  grew  up, 
and  they  thrust  out  Jephthah,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Thou  shalt  not 
inherit  in  our  father's  house  ;  for  thou  art  the  son  of  a  strange  woman." 
^  Then  Jephthah  fled  *from  his  brethren,  and  dwelt  in  the  land  of  Tob  ; 
and  there  were  gathered  'vain  men  to  Jephthah,  and  went  out  with  him. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  tin  process  of  time,  that  the  children  of  Amnion 
made  war  against  Israel.  ^  And  it  was  so,  that  when  the  children  of 
Animon  made  war  against  Israel,  the  elders  of  Gilead  went  to  fetch 
Jephthah  out  of  the  land  of  Tob  ;  '^and  they  said  unto  Jephthah,  "Come, 
and  be  our  captain,  that  we  may  fight  with  the  children  of  Ammon." 


376  JEPHTHAH  DELIVERS  ISRAEL.  [Period  IV. 

rGe.26.27.  '''And  Jephtliali  said  unto  the  elders  of  Gilead,  "  Did  ""not  ye  hate  me, 
and  expel  me  out  of  my  father's  house  ?  and  why  are  ye  come  unto 
me  now  when  ye  are  in  distress?"  ^And  the  elders  of  Gilead  said 

»Lu.  17.4.  m^^Q  Jephthah,  "  Therefore  we  *turn  again  to  thee  now,  that  thou 
mayest  go  with  us,  and  fight  against  the  children  of  Ammon,  and  be 
our  head  over  all  the  inhabitants  of  Gilead."  ^  And  Jephthah  said  unto 
the  elders  of  Gilead,  "  If  ye  bring  me  home  again  to  fight  against  the 
children  of  Ammon,  and  the  Lord  deliver  them  before  me,  shall  I  be 
your  head  ?  "  ^^  And  the   elders  of  Gilead  said  unto  Jephthah,  "  The 

K^rbuweeTJ^."'^'  LoRD  tbc  witncss  bctwccn  us,  if  we  do  not  so  according  to  thy  words." 

je.42.  5.  11  Then    Jephthah    went  with    the  elders  of   Gilead,  and  the  people 

made  him  head  and  captain  over  them  ;  and  Jephthah  uttered  all  his 

^  10.' nl t ihlh.  ■^o'"ds  'before  the  Lord  in  Mizpeh. 

^^  And  Jephthah  sent  messengers  unto  the  king  of  the  children  of 
Ammon,  saying,  "  What  hast  thou  to  do  with  me,  that  thou  art  come 
against  me  to  fight  in  my  land  ?  "  i^  And  the  king  of  the  children 
of  Ammon    answered  unto   the  messengers    of  Jephthah,  "  Because 

"  '^"-  ^'"  ^^"^'^'    "Israel  took  away  my  land,  when  they  came  up  out  of  Egypt,  from  Arnon 

uGe. 32. 22.  evcu  uuto  "Jabbok,  and  unto  Jordan;  now  therefore  restore  those 
lands  again  peaceably." 

"  And  Jephthah  sent  messengers  again  unto  the  king  of  the  children 

jcDe.  2.9, 19.  of  Ammou  ;  i^and  said  unto  him,  "Thus  saith  Jephthah,  ""Israel  took 
not  away  the  land  of  Moab,  nor  the  land  of  the  children  of  Ammon.   ^'^  But 

^^40  "os^^s  d"'  ^^6'^  Israel  came  up  from  Egypt,  and  ""walked  through  the  wilderness 

y  Nu.  13. 2.5.  &  unto  the  Red  Sea,  and  ^came  to  Kadesh  ;  i'  then  ^Israel  sent  messengers 
unto  the  king  of  Edom,  saying, '  Let  me,  I  pray  thee,  pass  through  thy 
land ; '  "but  the  king  of  Edom  would  not  hearken  thereto.  And  in 
like  manner  they  sent  unto  the  king  of  Moab  ;  but  he  would  not  con- 
sent:  and  Israel  abode  in  Kadesh.  i^Then  they  went  along  through 

''^"\^^-  '*■  ^^-    the  wilderness,  and  'compassed  the  land  of  Edom,  and  the  land  of  Moab, 

cNu.21. 11.        'and  came  by  the  east  side  of  the  land  of  Moab,  ''and  pitched  on  the 

'^„^'".:,^i- 1^-  ^  other  side  of  Arnon,  but  came  not  within  the  border  of  Moab ;  for 
Arnon  was  the  border  of  Moab.  ^^  And  'Israel  sent  messengers  unto 
Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites,  the  king  of  Heshbon  ;  and  Israel  said  unto 
him,  '  Let   us  pass,  we   pray   thee,  through  thy  land  unto  my  place. 

^De.'ih^Ji^'  ^^  ^"^  ^Sihon  trusted  not  Israel  to  pass  through  his  coast ;  but  Sihon 
gathered  all  his  people  together,  and  pitched  in  Jahaz,  and  fought 
against  Israel.  ^'  And  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  delivered  Sihon  and  all 
his  people  into  the  hand  of  Israel,  and  they  smote  them  ;  so  Israel  pos- 
sessed all  the  land  of  the  Amorites,  the   inhabitants   of  that  country. 

grDe.a.ai!.  22  ^,^jj  ji^^jy  possessed  ^all  the  coasts  of  the  Amorites,  from  Arnon  even 
unto  Jabbok,  and  from  the  wilderness  even  unto  Jordan. — -^  So  now  the 
Lord  God  of  Israel  hath  dispossessed  the  Amorites  from  before  his 
people  Israel,  and  shouldest  thou  possess  it  ?  ^^  Wilt  not  thou  possess  that 

*i^KV.n".7^jf.     which  ''Clicmosh  thy  god  giveth  thee  to  possess?     So  whomsoever  'the 
4s-  7.  Lord  our  God  shall  drive  out  from  before  us,  them  will  we  possess. 

'i'8?'i2'.  jii'.'3^     -^  And  now  art  thou  any  thing  better  than  ^Balak  the  son   of  Zippor, 

Nu  20  2  See     ^"^'"a  of  Moab  ?  did  hc  ever  strive  against  Israel,  or  did  he  ever  fight 

Jos.' 24.' 9!         against  them,  ^^  while  Israel  dwelt  in  Heshbon  and  iier  towns,  and   in 

Aroer  and  her  towns,  and  in  all  the  cities  that  be  along  by  the  coasts 

of  Arnon,  three  hundred  years?  why  therefore  did  ye  not  recover  them 

within  that  time  ?  ^''Wherefore  I  have  not  sinned  against  thee,  but  thou 

fcGe.  18. 25.  ^  doest  me  wrong  to  war  against  me;  the  Lord  *the  Judge  'be  judge 
this  day  between  the  children  of  Israel  and  the  children  of  Ammon." 

*  Jephthah  seems  28  jjQ^yi)^,;^  ||,(.  |^j|   .  ^j-  ^j^^  children  of  Ammou  hearkened  not  unto  the 

to  have  been  111,.,,  ,   • 

Judge  only  of      words  ot  Jcplithali  which  he  sent  him. 

Israel.""'"'  '-'  Then  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  came  upon  ''Jephthah,  and  he  passed 


21).  1.   Ue.  1.  46. 
2  Nu.  20.  14. 
a  Nu.  20.  18,  21 


22.  36. 
eXu.  21.21,2 
Uc.  2.  26,  27. 


Part  V.]  THE  VOW  OF  JEPHTHAH.  377 

over  Gilead,  and  Manasseh,  and  passed   over  Mizpeh  of  Gilead,  and 

from  Mizpeh  of  Gilead  he  passed  over  unto  the  children  of  Amnion. 

'"isa^f'iT'       ^"^And  Jephthah  '"vowed  a  vow   unto  the   Lord,  and  said,  "If  thou 

shall  without  fail  deliver  the  children  of  Amnion  into  my  hands,  ^'  then 

^ covhh)'lri]f ''''''  ^^  ^'^^'^  '^^'  *^^^^  twhatsoever  cometh  forth  of  the  doors  of  my  house  to 

which  shall  come  meet  me,  when  I  return  in  peace  from  the  children  of  Ammon,  "shall 

nSeeLe. 27. 2,    surcly  be  tlic  Lord's,  taud  I  will  offer  it  up  for  a  burnt  offering." 

ii,"^8.  sc^i'k.        ^^  ^^  Jephthah  passed  over  unto  the  children  of  Ammon  to  fight  against 

t  Or,  or  iioiu       tlicm  ;  and  the  Lord  delivered  them  into  his  hands.  ^^  And  he  smote 

fJi'm.  ilii^see    them  from  Aroer,  even  till  thou  come  to  "Minnith,  even  twenty  cities, 

0  &.  ~27  n  ^^     ^"^  ""^^  *^^^®  P^^^"  '^^  *^^®  vineyards,  with  a  very  great  slaughter.  Thus 

*  Or,  Mel.  the  children  of  Ammon  were  subdued  before  the  children  of  Israel, 
psee  Ex.  15.20.       34  ^,^^j  Jephthah  came  to  Mizpeh  unto  his  house,  and,  behold,  ^his 

daughter  came  out  to  meet  him  with  timbrels  and  with  dances  :  and  she 

^ S'liisl'i^^f either  ^as  his  ouly  child  ;  tbesides   her  he   had   neither   son  nor  daughter. 

n'erofhilfJeif.'  ^^  ^^^  '^  came  to  pass,  when  he  saw  her,  that  he  'rent  his  clothes,  and 

?  Ge.  37.  29, 34.    Said,  "  Aks,  my  daughter  I  thou  hast  brought  me  very  low,  and  thou 

r  Ec.  5. 2.  art  one  of  them  that  trouble  me  :  for  I  "^have  opened  my  mouth  unto  the 

*i3."4!^Ec~'5^4;5.  Lord,  and  'I  cannot  go  back."  ^^  And  she  said  unto  him,  "My  father, 

t  Nil.  30. 2.         if  thou  hast  opened  thy  mouth  unto  the  Lord,  'do  to  me  according  to 

«2Sa.  18.19,31.  that  which  hath  proceeded  out  of  thy  mouth  ;  forasmuch  as  "the  Lord 

hath  taken  vengeance  for  thee  of  thine  enemies,  even  of  the  children 

of  Ammon."  "^  And  she  said  unto  her  father,  "  Let  this  thing  be  done 

^d^w^i  ^"'  "'"^  ^^  for  me  :  let  me  alone  two  months,  that  I  may  tgo  up  and  down  upon 

the  mountains,  and  bewail  my  virginity,  I  and  my  fellows."  ^^  And  he 

said,  "  Go."  And  he  sent  her  away  for   two  months  ;  and  she  went 

with  her  companions,  and  bewailed  her  virginity  upon  the  mountains. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  two  months,  that  she  returned 

"fef'^is^'^"'^^'   ""^*^  '^^"^  father,  who  "did  with  her  according  to  his  vow  which  he  had 

*  Or,  ordinance,  vowcd  ;  and  shc  kucw  no  man.  Audit  was  a  *custom  in  Israel,  '"'  that 
^o^^'fa/""" '■''^"'^  ^^^  daughters  of  Israel  went  tyearly  tto  lament  the  daughter  of  Jeph- 
X  Or,  10  talk  with,  thah  the  Gileadite  four  days  in  a  year. 

to  See  Ju.  8. 1.  1  And  '"thc  mcu  of  Ephraim  *gathered  themselves  together,  JuD.jxii.  i-7. 

caiicd!^"^        and  went  northward,  and  said  unto  Jephthah,  "  Wherefore 

passedst  thou  over  to  fight  against  the  children  of  Ammon,  and  didst 
not  call  us  to  go  with  thee  ?  we  will  burn  thy  house  upon  thee  with 
fire."  2  And  Jephthah  said  unto  them,  "  I  and  my  people  were  at  great 
strife  with  the  children  of  Ammon ;  and,  when  I  called  you,  ye  delivered 
me  not  out  of  their  hands.  ^  And  when  I  saw  that  ye  delivered  me  not, 

""l^^x^lohit     ^^  P^^^  '^y  lif^  in  my  hands,  and  passed  over  against  the  children  of 

14.  Ps.  119.  109.  Ammon,  and  the  Lord  delivered  them  into  my  hand :  wherefore  then 
are  ye  come  up  unto  me  this  day,  to  fight  against  me  ?  " 

'^  Then  Jephthah  gathered  together  all  the  men  of  Gilead,  and  fought 
with  Ephraim  :  and  the  men  of  Gilead   smote  Ephraim,  because  they 

"lofW. 78." 9.^'  '^^^^1  "Ye  Gileadites  '■'are  fugitives  of  Ephraim  among  the  Ephraim- 
ites,   and    among   the  Manassites."    ^  And   the  Gileadites    took    the 

z  Jos.  23.  u.  Ju.  ^passages  of  Jordan  before  the  Ephraimites :  and  it  was  so,  that  when 
those  Ephraimites  which  were  escaped,  said,  "  Let  me  go  over  ;"  that 
the  men  of  Gilead  said  unto  him,  "  Art  thou  an  Ephraimite  ? "  If  he 

t Which signifieth  said,  "  Nay  ;  "  ^  then  said  they  unto  him,  "  Say  now  tShibboleth  : "  and 

a  stream^  or,  ,  .  -^    .  "^  ^  J 

flood.  Ps.  69. 2,  he  said,  "  Sibboleth  ;"  for  he  could  not  frame  to  pronounce  it  right. 
Then  they  took  him,  and  slew  him  at  the  passages  of  Jordan  :  and 
there  fell  at  that  time  of  the  Ephraimites  forty  and  two  thousand. 
"^  And  Jephthah  judged  Israel  six  years.  Then  died  Jephthah  the 
Gileadite,  and  was  buried  in  one  of  the  cities  of  Gilead. 
VOL.  1.  48  2f* 


24. 


378 


THE  BIRTH  OF  SAMSON. 


[Pekfod  I\'. 


SECT.  XL 

A.   M.  2822  to 

2847. 
B.   C.  1182te 

1157. 
Hales,   1247  tc 

1222. 
Canaan. 


Section  XL — Ibzan,  Elon,  and  Ahdon,  Judges. 
Judges  xii.  8,  to  the  end. 

®  And  after  ''him  *  Ibzan  of  Beth-lehem  judged  Israel.  ^  And  he  had 
thirty  sons,  and  thirty  daughters,  whom  he  sent  abroad,  and  took  in 
thirty  daughters  from  abroad  for  his  sons.     And  he  judged  Israel  seven 


—  years.  ^^  Then  died  Ibzan,  and  was  buried  at  Beth-lehem. 


a  i.  e.  Jephthuh. 

*  He  seems  to 
have  been  only  a 
civil  Juilge  tu  do 
justice  in  Norlh- 
easl  [sr  tel. 

f  A  civil  Judge  in 
North-east 
Israel. 

J  A  civil  Judge 
also  in  North- 
east Israel. 

*  Heb.  sans' 


1^  And  after  him  tElon,  a  Zebulonite,  judged  Israel  :  and  he  judged 
Israel  ten  years.  ^~  And  Elon  the  Zebulonite  died,  and  was  buried  in 
Aijalon  in  the  country  of  Zebulon. 

^^  And  after  him  tAbdon  the  son  of  Hillel,  a  Pirathonite,  judged 
Israel.  ^"^  And  he  had  forty  sons  and  thirty  *nephews.  that  rode  on 
threescore  and  ten  ass  colts  :  and  he  judged  Israel  eight  years.  ^^  And 
Abdon  the  son  of  Hillel  the  Pirathonite  died,  and  was  buried  in  Pira- 
thon  in  the  land  of  Ephraim,  in  the  mount  of  the  Amalekites. 


(17) 


SECT.   XII. 

A.  M.  2848. 

B.  C.  1156. 

Hales,  1222. 

Canaan. 

*  Heb.  added  to 

eomiiiit,  i5'c.  Ju. 

2.  II. 
f  This  seems  a 

partial  captivity. 
a  1  Sa.  12.  9. 
J  Jos.  19.  41. 
c  Lu.  1.  11,  13, 

28,31. 
d  Nu.  6.  2,  3.  Lu. 

1.  15. 
e  Nu.  6.  5.  1  Sa. 

1.  11. 
/Nu.  6.  2. 

g  See  1  Sa.  7.  13. 

2  Sa.  8.  1.  1  Ch. 

18.  1. 
h  De.  33.  1.  1  Sa. 

2.  27.  &  9.  fi. 
1  Ki.  17.  24. 

i  Mat.  23.  3.  Lu. 
9.  29.  Ac.  ti.   15. 


Section    XII. —  T7ie   Philistines  oppress  Israel ; — The  Birth  of  i^ams 

Judges  xiii. 

Israel  is  in  the  hand  of  the  Philistines.  2  An  angel  appeareth  to  Manoah's  wife.  8  77i«  angel  ap- 
peareth  to  Manoah.  15  Manoah's  sacrifice,  whereby  the  angel  is  discovered.  24  Sanuon  is 
born. 

^  And  the  children  of  Israel  *did  evil  again  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  ; 
tand  the  Lord  delivered  them  "into  the  hand  of  the  Philistines  forty  years. 

2  And  there  was  a  certain  man  of  'Zorah,  of  the  family  of  the  Dan- 
ites,  whose  name  was  Manoah  ;  and  his  wife  was  barren,  and  bare  not. 
^  And  "-'the  "Angel  of  the  Lord  appeared  unto  the  woman,  and  said 
unto  her,  "  Behold  now,  thou  art  barren,  and  bearest  not  ;  but  thou 
shalt  conceive,  and  bear  a  son.  ^  Now  therefore  beware,  I  pray  thee, 
and  ''drink  not  wine  nor  strong  drink,  and  eat  not  any  unclean  thing, 
^  For,  lo,  thou  shalt  conceive  and  bear  a  son  ;  and  no  ^razor  shall  come 
on  his  head,  for  the  child  shall  be  -^a  Nazarite  unto  God  from  the  womb  ; 
and  he  shall  "begin  to  deliver  Israel  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Philistines.'^ 

^Then  the  woman  came  and  told  her  husband,  saying,  "A  'man 
of  God  came  unto  me,  and  his  'countenance  was  like  the  countenance 
of  an  angel  of  God,  very  terrible  ;  but  I  asked  him  not  whence  he  was, 
neither  told  he  me  his  name  :  "  but  he  said  unto  me,  '  Behold,  thou  shalt 
conceive,  and  bear  a  son  :  and  now  drink  no  wine  nor  strong  drink, 
neither  eat  any  unclean  thing ;  for  the  child  shall  be  a  Nazarite  to  God 
from  the  womb  to  the  day  of  his  death.'  " 

^Then  Manoah  entreated  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  O  my  Lord  !  let  the 
man  of  God  which  thou  didst  send  come  again  unto  us,  and  teach  us 
what  we  shall  do  unto  the  child  that  shall  be  born."  ^  And  God  lieark- 


('")  The  arrangement  of  the  contents  of  this  sec- 
tion is  made  on  the  united  authorities  of  the  Bible 
Chronology  and  Calmet.  The  events  therein  re- 
lated seem  to  have  taken  place  in  the  following 
order  : — 

Samson  and  Samuel  are  born  in  the  same  year, 
at  the  commcncpinent  of  the  servitude  of  the  Israel- 
ites to  the  l^hilistines  mentioned  in  (Judges  xiii  1.) 
the  year  in  which  Abdon  dies,  and  the  forty  years' 
administration  of  Eli  (1  Sam.  iv.  18.)  begin  (B.  C. 
11.5.5.) 

Samuel  is  called,  aged  twelve  years,  according 
to  Josophus.  (B.  C.  1143.)  (Samuel continued  to 
prophesy  till  his  death.) 

Samson,  having  arrived  at  years  of  maturity,  re- 
venges the  cause  of  his  country  up<m  the  Philis- 
tines from  1 136  to  1117:  in  wiiich  last  year  he  was 
killed.  He  is  said  to  have  judged  Israel  these 
twenty  years.     (Judges  xv  20.) 

In  the  year  of  Samson's  death  a  prophet  is  sent 
to  Eli  to  warn  him  of  the  impending  fate   of  his 


house.  And  the  prediction  is  fulfilled  within  two 
years  after  Samson's  death  ;  when  the  Philistines 
began  to  recover  from  the  loss  occasioned  by  Sam- 
son ;  and  revenged  that  loss  by  the  capture  of  the 
ark — the  defeat  of  the  Israelites — and  the  slaughter 
of  the  sons  of  EH.     (B.  C.  111(3.) 

On  the  death  of  Eli  the  sole  administration  of 
Samuel  commences,  and  continues  twenty-one 
years,  till  the  ark  is  recovered,  and  brought  from 
Kirjath-jearim  to  the  house  of  Abinadab.  (B.  C. 
1096.) 

The  people  demand  a  king,  and  the  forty  years' 
government  of  Saul  commences,  and  continues 
till   1055. 

The  administration  of  Samuel  lasted  either  solely, 
or  in  conjunction  with  Eli  and  Saul,  eighty  years. 

('*)  The  appearance  of  the  Angel  Jehovah  to 
Manoah  and  his  wife  was  the  last  open  vision,  the 
last  mirnculous  interposition,  till  the  voice  which 
called  Samuel. 


p^j^T  v.]  THE  BIRTH  OF  SAMUEL.  379 

ened  to  the  voice  of  Manoah  ;  and  the  Angel  of  God  came  again  unto 

the  woman  as  she  sat  in  the  field,  but  Manoah  her  husband  was  not 

with  her.  ^°  And  the   woman   made  haste,  and   ran,  and   showed  her 

husband,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Behold,  the  man  hath  appeared  unto  me, 

that  came  unto  me  the  other  day  !  "  ^^  And  Manoah  arose,  and  went 

after  his  wife,  and  came  to  the  man,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Art  thou  the 

man  that  spakest  unto  the  woman  ? "  And  he  said,  "  I   am."   ^^  And 

jHeb  mat  shall  Mauoah  said,  "  Now  let  thy  words  come  to  pass.  tHow  shall  we  order 

tLT^r"'""^  the  child,  and  *how  shall  we  do  unto  him  ?  "  '^  And  the  Angel  of  the 

\?rfJHtb*""    Lord  said  unto  Manoah,  "  Of  all  that  I  said  unto  the  woman   let  her 

Jha"t  shau  be      bcware.  ^'*  She  may  not  eat  of  any  thing  that  cometh  of  the  vine,  neither 

his  worki         j^^  ^^^  ^x'lnk  wine  or  strong  drink,  nor  eat  any  unclean  thing:  all  that 

I  commanded  her  let  her  observe." 

jSeeGe.  18.5.         15  And  Manoah  said  unto  the  Angel  of  the  Lord,  "  I  pray  thee,  ^let 

t  Heb.  before       us  detain  thee,  until  we  shall  have  made  jeady  a  kid  tfor  thee."  ^^  And 

"'''■  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  said  unto  Manoah,  "  Though  thou  detain  me, 

I  will  not  eat  of  thy  bread  :  and  if  thou  wilt  offer  a  burnt  offering,  thou 

must  offer  it  unto  the  Lord."    For  Manoah  knew  not  that  he   was  an 

Angel  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  Manoah  said  unto  the  Angel  of  the  Lord, 

"  What  is  thy  name,  that  when  thy  sayings  come  to  pass  we  may  do 

ft  Ge.  32. 29.        thcc  houor  ? "  ^^  And  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Why  ^askest 

J  Or,  wonderful,    thou  thus  after  my  name,  seeing  it  is  tsecret  ?  "  ^^  So  Manoah  took  a 

Is.  9. 6.  j^.^  ^.^j^  ^  ^^^^^  offering,  and  offered  it  upon  a  rock  unto  the  Lord  :  and 

the   Angel   did  wondrously  ;   and   Manoah  and  his  wife  looked   on. 

20  For  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  flame  went  up  toward  heaven  from  off 

the  altar,  that  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  ascended  in  the  flame  of  the  altar. 

z  Le.^9. 24. 1  cjn    ^.nd  Mauoah  and  his  wife  looked  on  it,  and  'fell  on  their  faces  to  the 

Mat!*'i7.6.  ■    ■  ground.  ^^  But  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  did  no  more  appear  to  Manoah 

and  to  his  wife.    Then  Manoah  knew  that  he  was   an   Angel  of  the 

«i  See  Ge.  32. 30.  LoRD.  ^^  And  Mauoah  said    unto    his   wife,  "  We  ""shall   surely  die, 

because  we  have  seen  God  !  "  '^^  But  his  wife  said   unto  him,  "  If  the 

Lord  were  pleased  to  kiU  us,  he   would   not   have  received  a  burnt 

n  He.  11. 32.       offering  and  a  meat  offering  at  our  hands,  neither  would  he  have  showed 

'oisa.3. 19.  Lu.  US  all  thcsc  thiugs,  nor  would  as  at  this  time  have  told  us  such  things 

1.  80.  &.2.  52.  ,,  „  ° 

p  1  sa  11  6        ^^  these. 

Mat.  4.  i.  ■  24  And  the  woman  bare  a  son,  and  called  his   name  "Samson  ;   and 

^d""'".'""  "the  child  grew,  and  the  Lord  blessed  him.  ^^And^the  Spirit   of  the 
^■~-     .  Lord  began  to  move  him  at  times  in  *the  camp  of  Dan  'between  Zorah 

^  '^^'    '    '       and  Eshtaol. 

Section  XIII. —  The  Birth  and  Call  of  Samuel; — Government  of  Eli. 

1  Samuel  i.  and  ii.  1-21,  and  iii. 

A.   M.  2848.       Elkanah  a  Levite,  havino-  two  ivives,  loorshippeth  ijearly  at  Shiloli.    4  He  chmsheth  Hannah,  though 

B.C.]  156.  barren,  and  provoked  by  Peninnah.   9  Hannah  in  gnefprayeth  for  a  child.    1 2  Elifrst  rebuking 

Hales,  1152.  her,  afterwards  blesseth  her.     19  Hannah,  having  born  Samuel,  stayeth  at  home  till  he  is  weaned. 

24  She   presenteth  him,  according   to   Iter  vow,  to   the  Lord.  —  Chap.  ii.   1  Hannah's  song  in 

thankfulness,     n  The  sin  of  Eli's  sons.     IS  Samuel's  ministry.     20  By  Eli's  blessing  Hannah 

is  more  fruitful.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  Hoiv  the  word  of  the  Lord  wasjUrst  revealed  to  Samuel.     11  God 

telleth  Samuel  the  destruction  of  Eli's  house.     15  Samuel,  though  loath,  telleth  Eli  the  vision.     19 
Samuel  groweth  in  credit. 

^  Now  there  was  a  certain  man   of  Ramathaim-zophim,  of  Mount 

oich.6.  27,  34.  Ephraim,  and  his  name  was  "Elkanah,  the  son  of  Jeroham,  the  son  of 

b  Ruth  1. 2.         Elihu,  the  son  of  Tohu,  the  son  of  Zuph,  'an  Ephrathite.    '^  And  he  had 

two  wives,  the  name  of  the  one  was  Hannah,  and   the   name  of  the 

other  Peninnah  ;  and  Peninnah  had  children,  but  Hannah  had  no  chil- 

*Heh.  from  year  drcu.  ^  And  this  man  went  up  out  of  his  city  *yearly  "to  worship  and 

i4.^De:  fl'^:    to  sacrifice  unto  the  Lord  of  hosts  in  Shiloh.    And  the  two  sons  of  Eli, 

c d". %^5-7.       Hophni  and  Phinehas,  the  priests  of  the  Lord,  were  there. 

dDe.  12. 17, 18.        4  And  whcn  the  time  was  that  Elkanah  ''oflered,  he  gave  to  Peninnah 

his  wife,  and  to  all  her  sons  and   her  daughters,  portions.  ^  But  unto 


SECT.  xm. 


380 


THE  BIRTH  OF  SAMUEL. 


[Period  IV. 


t  Or,  a  double  por- 
tion, 

e  Ge.  30.  2. 

t  Heb.  angered 
Aer.  Job24.  21. 

*  Ot,from  the 
time  that  she,  4'C. 
Heb. /rem  Aer 
going  up, 

/Ru.  4.  15. 


t  Heb.  biuer  of 

soul.  Job  7.  11. 

2  Sa.  17.  8. 
g  Ge.  as.  20.  Nu. 

30.  3.  Ju.  11.  30. 
A  Ge.  29.  32.  Ex. 

4.31.  2Sa.  16. 

12.  Ps.  25.  18. 
i  Ge.  8. 1. 
X  Heb.  seed  qf 

■men. 
j  Au.  6.  5.  Ju. 

13.5. 
*  Heb.  nadtipUed 

to  pray. 


t  Heb.  hard  of 
spirit. 
k  Ps.  62.  8. 
I  De.  13.  13. 

X  Or,  meditation. 

m  Ju.  18.  6.  Ma. 
5.34. 
n  Ps.  20.  4,  5. 
0  Ge.  33.  15.  Ru. 


p  Ec.  9. 


9  Ge.  4. 
rGe.  8. 


.  &30. 


*  Heb.  m  revolu- 
tion of  days. 

X  That  is,  .Asteii 
of  Ood. 


s  Lu.  2.  22. 
«  Ex.  21.  6. 
u  Xu.  30.  7. 
c  2  Sa.  7.  25. 
to  De.  12.  5,  C, 

11. 
2  Jos.  18.  1. 
y  Lu.  2.  K. 
2  Ge.  42.  15. 

2Ki.  2.  2,4,  6. 

a  Mat.  7.  7. 

J  Or,  returned 
Aim,  tcAom  /Aatc 
obtained  by  peti- 
tion, to  the 
LORD. 

*  Or,  Ae  whom  f 
hare  obtained  by 
petition  shall  be 
relumed. 

b  Ge.  24.  26,  52. 

e  Phil.  4.  6. 

d  i^ee  Lu.  1.  46, 
tec. 


Hannah  he  gave  ia  worthy  portion,  for  he  loved  Hannah  ;  'but  the  Lord 
had  shut  up  her  womb.  *^  And  her  adversary  also  tprovoked  her  sore, 
for  to  make  her  fret,  because  the  Lord  had  shut  up  her  womb.  '  And 
as  he  did  so  year  by  year,  *when  she  went  up  to  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
so  she  provoked  her ;  therefore  she  wept,  and  did  not  eat.  ^  Then  said 
Elkanah  her  husband  to  her,  "  Hannah,  why  weepest  thou  ?  and  why 
eatest  thou  not  ?  and  why  is  thy  heart  grieved  ?  am  not  I  better  to 
thee  than  ten  sons  ?" 

9  So  Hannah  rose  up  after  they  had  eaten  in  Shiloh,  and  after  they 
had  drunk.  Now  Eli  the  priest  sat  upon  a  seat  by  a  post  of  the  temple 
of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  she  was  nn  bitterness  of  soul,  and  prayed  unto 
the  Lord,  and  wept  sore.  ^^  And  she  'vowed  a  vow,  and  said.  "  O 
Lord  of  hosts  !  if  thou  wilt  indeed  ''look  on  the  affliction  of  thy  hand- 
maid, and  'remember  me,  and  not  forget  thy  handmaid,  but  wilt  give 
unto  thy  handmaid  ta  man  child,  then  I  will  give  him  unto  the  Lord  all 
the  days  of  his  hfe,  and  ^  there  shall  no  razor  come  upon  his  head." 
^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  she  *continued  praying  before  the  Lord,  that 
Eh  marked  her  mouth.  ^^  Now  Hannah,  she  spake  in  her  heart ;  only 
her  lips  moved,  but  her  voice  was  not  heard  :  therefore  Eh  thought  she 
had  been  drunken.  ^^  And  Eli  said  unto  her,  "  How  long  wih  thou  be 
drunken  ?  put  away  thy  wine  from  thee."  ^^  And  Hannah  answered 
and  said,  "  No,  my  lord,  I  am  a  woman  tof  a  sorrowful  spirit :  I  have 
drunk  neither  wine  nor  strong  drink,  but  have  ''poured  out  my  soul 
before  the  Lord.  ^^  Count  not  thy  handmaid  for  a  daughter  of  'Belial ; 
for  out  of  the  abundance  of  my  tcomplaint  and  grief  have  I  spoken 
hitherto."  ^"Then  Eh  answered  and  said,  '■  Go  "'in  peace:  and  "the  God 
of  Israel  grant  thee  thy  petition  that  thou  hast  asked  of  him."  ^*  And 
she  said,  '•  Let  "thy  handmaid  find  grace  in  thy  sight."  So  the  woman 
^went  her  way,  and  did  eat,  and  her  countenance  was  no  more  sad. 

^^  And  they  rose  up  in  the  morning  early,  and  worshipped  before 
the  Lord,  and  returned,  and  came  to  their  house  to  Ramah.  And 
Elkanah  'knew  Hannah  his  wife  ;  and  ""the  Lord  remembered  her. 
^'^  Wherefore  it  came  to  pass  *when  the  time  was  come  about  after 
Hannah  had  conceived,  that  she  bare  a  son,  and  called  his  name  f  Sam- 
uel, saying,  '■  Because  I  have  asked  him  of  the  Lord."  -^  And  the  man 
Elkanah,  and  all  his  house,  went  up  to  offer  unto  the  Lord  the  yearly 
sacrifice,  and  his  vow.  —  But  Hannah  went  not  up ;  for  she  said  unto 
her  husband,  ''  I  will  not  go  up  until  the  child  be  weaned,  and  then  I 
will  bring  him,  that  he  may  appear  before  the  Lord,  and  there  abide 
'for  ever."  ^^  And  "Elkanah  her  husband  said  unto  her, '•  Do  what 
seemeth  thee  good  ;  tarry  until  thou  have  weaned  him ;  ''only  the  Lord 
establish  his  word."  So  the  woman  abode,  and  gave  her  son  suck  until 
she  weaned  him. 

^^  And  when  she  had  weaned  him,  she  ''took  him  up  with  her,  with 
three  bullocks,  and  one  ephah  of  flour,  and  a  bottle  of  wine,  and 
brought  him  unto  ""the  house  of  the  Lord  in  Shiloh  ;  and  the  child  was 
young.  ^^  And  they  slew  a  bullock,  and  ^brought  the  child  to  Eli.  -^  And 
she  said,  "  Oh  my  lord,  ^as  thy  soul  livetli,  my  lord,  I  am  the  woman 
that  stood  by  thee  here,  praying  unto  the  Lord.  -'  For  "this  child  I 
prayed  ;  and  the  Lord  hath  given  me  my  petition  which  I  asked  of  him. 
-'^  Therefore  also  I  have  tlent  him  to  the  Lord  ;  as  long  as  he  liveth  *he 
shall  be  lent  to  the  Lord."  And  he  'worshipped  the  Lord  there. 
•  And  Hannah  'prayed,  and  said, — ""'  i  Sam.  ii.  1-21. 

"  My  "heart  rejoiceth  in  the  Lord, 


(>^)  The  8on<T  of  Hannah  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  Israel ;  and  as  being  likewise  the  first  composition 
its  predicting  tlie  dominion  of  the  promised  Saviour  in  which  He  is  described  b}'  the  term  Jlessiah,  the 
of  the  world  as  a  king,  before  there  was  any  king  in     Christ,  or  the   Anointed.     The  same  epithet  wa« 


3.  13.  Jude  15. 
t  Heb.  hard. 


r  Ge.  41.  14,  41, 

&c.  Job  36.  7. 


HANNAH'S  SONG  IN  THANKFULNESS.  381 

My  'horn  is  exalted  in  the  Lord  ; 

My  mouth  is  enlarged  over  mine  enemies ; 

Because  I  ^rejoice  in  thy  salvation. 

2  "  There  ^is  none  holy  as  the  Lord  ; 
For  ''there  is  none  besides  thee, 
Neither  is  there  any  rock  like  our  God. 
Talk  no  more  so  exceeding  proudly ; 
i  Ps.  94. 4.  Maj.         Lct  'uot  farrogancy  come  out  of  your  mouth : 
For  the  Lord  is  a  God  of  knowledge, 
And  by  him  actions  are  weighed. 
;  Ps.  37. 15, 17.  4  u  -f  j^g  .'bows  of  the  mighty  men  are  broken, 

^  ''^'  ^'  And  they  that  stumbled  are  girded  with  strength. 

k  Ps.  34. 10.  Lu.     5  They  ''that  were  full  have  hired  out  themselves  for  bread, 

And  they  that  were  hungry  ceased ; 
iPs.  113.9.  So  that  'the  barren  hath  born  seven, 

mis.54.i.Je.  ^nd  '"shc  that  hath  many  children  is  waxed  feeble, 

n  De  32. 39.  Job    ^  The  "LoRD  killcth  and  maketh  alive  : 
Tob^i3.''i''  ^'        He  bringeth  down  to  the  grave,  and  bringeth  up. 
Wis'.  16. 13.  7  u  'pi^g  Lord  "maketh  poor,  and  maketh  rich : 

Ivtis^i:  He  ^bringeth  low,  and  Ufteth  up. 

q  Ps.  113. 7, 8.       8  fjg  'raiscth  up  the  poor  out  of  the  dust, 
Da.  4. 17.  Lu.  .       ^^^  ^.  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^j^^  beggar  from  the  dunghill, 

To  'set  them  among  princes. 

And  to  make  them  inherit  the  throne  of  glory  ; 
'iti\t~^i  T'       For  'the  pillars  of  the  earth  are  the  Lord's, 

And  he  hath  set  the  world  upon  them. 
tPB.91. 11.  9  He  'will  keep  the  feet  of  his  saints. 

And  the  wicked  shall  be  silent  in  darkness ; 

For  by  strength  shall  no  man  prevail. 
uPs.2.9.  10  The  adversaries  of  the  Lord  shall  be  "broken  to  pieces  ; 

V  Ps.  18. 13.  Out  'of  heaven  shall  he  thunder  upon  them  : 

«,PB.9fi.  13.  &         The  "Lord  shall  judge  the  ends  of  the  earth  ; 

98.  9.  I  1   '      XT'  ■ 

And  he  shall  give  strength  unto  Ins  King, 
IPs. 89. 24.  And  ^exalt  the  horn  of  his  Anointed." 

11  And  Elkanah  went  to  Ramah  to  his  house.     And  the  child  did 

minister  unto  the  Lord  before  Eli  the  priest. 

De.  13. 13.  12  j^Q^  the  sons  of  Eli  were  ''sons  of  Belial  ;   'they  knew   not  the 

Lord.  ^^  And  the  priest's  custom  with  the  people  was,  that,  when  any 

man  offered  sacrifice,  the  priest's  servant  came,  while  the  flesh  was  in 

seething,  with  a  fleshhook  of  three  teeth  in  his  hand ;  i^and  he  struck 

aSeeEsd.  1.12.  it  into  "thc  pan,  or  kettle,  or  caldron,  or  pot;  all  that   the   fleshhook 

brought  up  the  priest  took  for  himself.     So  they  did  in  Shiloh  unto  all 

b  Lc.  3. 3-5, 16.    the  Israelites  that  came  thither.  ^^  Also  before  they  'burnt  the  fat,  the 

priest's  servant  came,  and  said  to  the  man  that  sacrificed,  "  Give  flesh 

to  roast  for  the  priest ;  for  he  will  not  have  sodden  flesh  of  thee,  but 

raw."   ^^  And  if  any  man  said  unto  him,  "  Let  them  not  fail^  to  burn 

i  Heb.  as  nil  the    thc  fat  tprcscutly,  and  then  take  as  much  as  thy  soul  desireth  ;"  then  he 

'^"■''  would  answer  him,  "  Nay  ;  but  thou  shalt  give  it  me  now  :  and  if  not,  I 

c  Ge.  6. 11.         will  take  it  by^=°'  force."  ''  Wherefore  the  sin  of  the  young  men  was  very 

d  Mai.  2. 8.         great  'before  the  Lord  ;  for  men  ''abhorred  the  offering  of  the  Lord. 

eEx.2s.4.2s..  ^   ig  g^^^  Sauiuel  miuistcred  before  the  Lord,  being  a  child,  ^girded 

afterwards  used  by  David,  Nathan,  Ethan,  Isaiah,  D  The  priests,  according  to  the  Mosaic  ordi- 

Daniel,  and   the   succecdinff  prophets  of  the   Old  nance,  were  invited  to  the  offering  leasts :  when 

Testament ;  and  by  the  apostles  and  inspired  writers  they  either  would  not,  or  could  not,  accept  the  in- 

of  the  New.     The  ancient  Jews  referred  this  hymn  vitation,  a  part  of  it,  in  civility  only  was  sent  home 

to  the  times  of  the  Messiah,     "  The  expressions  are  to  them  :  this  courtesy  was  at  length  converted  into 

too  magnificent  and  sublime"  to  be  confined  to   in-  a  right;  and  they  demanded  a  portion  ol  the  sacri- 

ferior  subjects.— Vide  Hales'  Analysis,  vol.   ii.  p.  fice  in  the  unwarrantable  manner  described_l  feam. 

333  ;  Bp.  Patrick  in  loc.  ii-  15-17.— Michaelis'  Comment,  vol.  i.  p.  262,  note. 


z  Ju.  2.  10.  Je. 
22.  16.  Ro.  1 


382  SAMUEL'S  MINISTRY.  [Period  IV. 

with  a  linen  ephod.  ^^  Moreover  his  mother  made  him  a  Httle  coat,  and 
brought  it  to  him  from  year  to  year,  when  she  came  up  with  her 
husband  to  offer  the  yearly  sacrifice. 

/Ge.  14. 19.  20  ^j^^  ^.W  -lalessed  Elkanah  and  his  wife,  and   said,  '■  The   Lord 

»Or,  petuion       give  thcc  sccd  of  this  woman  for  the  *loan  which  is  lent  to  the  Lord." 
^c.    *          'And  they  went  unto  their  own  home.  -^  And  the  Lord  ^visited  Han- 

^•Ge.  21. 1.         nah,  so  that  she  conceived,  and  bare  three  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Wfel^io"""  ^       ^''®  child  Samuel  ''grew  before  the  Lord. 

'  And  the  child  Samuel  ministered  unto  the  Lord  before     i  Sam.  iii. 

iPs. 74.9.Am.8.  Eli.     And  'the  word  of  the  Lord  was  precious  in  those  days; 

there  was  no  open  vision,  ^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  that  time,  when 

j Ge.  27. 1.  &  48.  E|j  yyas  laid  down  in  his  place,  ^and  his  eyes  began  to  wax  dim,  tiiat 

A  Ex.  27.21.  Le.  hc  could  uot  SCO  ;  ^  and  ere  *the  lamp  of  God  went  out  in  the  temple 
24. 3.2  ch.  13.  Q^  jj^g  Lord,  where  the  ark  of  God  was,  and  Samuel  was  laid  down 
to'""  sleep;  ^  that  the  Lord  called  Samuel;  and  he  answered,  "Here 
am  L"  ^  And  he  ran  unto  Eli,  and  said,  "  Here  am  I  ;  for  thou  calledst 
me."  And  he  said,  "  I  called  not ;  lie  down  again."  And  he  went 
and  lay  down.  ^  And  the  Lord  called  yet  again,  "  Samuel."  And 
Samuel  arose  and  went  to  Eli,  and  said,  "  Here  am  I  ;  for  thou  didst 
call  me."  And  he  answered,  "  I  called  not,  my  son  ;  lie  down  again." 

tOr,  rwtrf      7  j]\fQ^v  Samuel  did  not  yet  know  the  Lord,  neither  was  the  word  of 

Samuel  before  he  -J  '  n      i    i-i  i  • 

knew  the  LORD,  thc  LoRD  yct  rcvcalcd  unto  him.  ^  And  the  Lord  called  Samuel  again 

Kor/ofihe"      the  third  time.     And  he  arose  and  went  to  Eli,  and  said,  "  Here  am 

v?JlFnntohim.    I ;  for  thou  didst  call  me."  And  Eli  perceived  that  the  Lord  had  called 

See  Ac.  19. 2.     ^j^g  ^.j^jj^j^  9  Therefore  Eli  said  unto  Samuel,  "  Go,  lie   down  :  and  it 

shall  be,  if  He   call  thee,  that  thou  shalt   say.  Speak,  Lord  ;  for  thy 

servant  heareth."   So  Samuel  went  and  lay  down  in  his  place.  ^^  And 

the  Lord  came,  and  stood,  and  called  as  at  other  times,  "  Samuel ! 

Samuel !  "  Then  Samuel  answered,  "  Speak  ;  for  thy  servant  heareth." 

^^  And  the  Lord  said  to  Samuel,  '•  Behold,  I  will  do  a  thing  in  Israel, 

«2Ki.  21.  ]2.Je.  'at  which  both  the  ears  of  every  one  that  heareth  it  shall  tingle.  ^'In 

that  day  I  will  perform  against  Eli  all  things  which  I  have  spoken  con- 

X  Heb.  beginning  cemiug  his  housc  I  twhcu  I  begin,  I  will  also  make  an  end.  ^^  *For  I 

*0uVn7iwM    have  told  him  that  I  will  "judge  his  house  for  ever  for  the   iniquity 

uuhi,n,^c.        whicii  he  knoweth  ;  because  his  sons  made  themselves  tvile,  and  he 

30. trestrained  them  not.   ^'*  And  therefore  I  have  sworn  unto  the  house  of 

tHeb""roT«l.z     ^'''  ^'^'"^^  ^'^^  iniquity  of  Eli's  house  "shall  not  be  purged  with  sacrifice 
notup'onthem.     nor  offcriug  for  ever." 

"i^'k^H.^"' ^''       i'^  And  Samuel  lay  until  the  morning,  and  opened  the  doors  of  the 

house  of  the  Lord.    And  Samuel  feared  to  show  Eli  the  vision.  ^"^Then 

Eli  called  Samuel,  and  said,  "  Samuel,  my  son  !  "    And   he  answered, 

"  Here  am  L"  ^^  And  he  said,  "  What  is  the  thing  that  tiie  Lord  hath 

o  Ruth  1.  17.        said  unto  thee  ?    I  pray  thee  hide  it  not  from  me  :  "God  do  so  to  thee, 

*Heb.  soadii.      and  *more  also,  if  thou  hide  any  tthing  from  me  of  all  the  things  that 

jHeb^I'm.       ^1^  ^^^^  ""to  thee."   ^^  And   Samuel  told  him  tevery  whit,  and    hid 

thing's, or tr,mis.  nothiug  from  him.   And  he  said,  "It  ''is  the  Lord:    let  him  do  what 

''39?V.rB.'-39.°8.   seemeth  him  good  !  " 

(")  The  Israelites  had  again  become  so  corrupt,  inquired  if  he  had  called  him.  The  God  of  Israel 
and  the  priesthood  itself  so  degraded  by  thc  vices  in  the  present  instance  revealed  himself  to  a  child; 
of  the  sons  of  Eli,  that  the  oracular  voice  in  the  and  Eli  immediately  perceived  that  it  was  the 
sanctuary  given  by  TIrim  and  Thummim  had  for  Angel  Jehovah,  the  Lord  who  had  called  him. 
some  time  ceased.  Eli  is  warned  of  the  ruin  of  his  The  assertion  of  thc  inspired  writer  is  express  :  "  the 
family,  not  by  the  usual  answer  from  between  the  Lord  came,  and  stood,  and  called,  '  Samuel,  Sara- 
cherubim  over  the  ark,  but  by  a  prophet,  sent  to  him  uel !  '  "  (1  Sam.  iii.  10.)  The  destruction  of  Eli's 
expressly  for  that  pur|)ose.  There  had  been  no  house  is  now  denounced  ;  and  from  this  period 
open  manifestation  of  the  presence  of  the  God  of  through  the  whole  of  the  life  of  Samuel,  the  oracle 
Israel  since  the  appearance  of  the  Angel  to  Manoah.  was  regularly  uttered  as  in  former  times.  See 
The  expectation  of  Eli,  however,  that  the  Angel  E.xod.  .\xv.  32 ;  Num.  vii.  89.— Vide  Hales'  ^nal- 
Jehovah  would  again  api)ear,  is  well  described  in  ysis,  vol.  il.  p.  334 ;  Horslcy's  Bib.  Crit.  vol.  i.  p. 
his  answer  to  Samuel,  when   the   youthful  Levite  317. 


Part  V.] 


MARRIAGE  OF  SAMSON. 


383 


oGe.  39.2,21, 
23. 
r  Ju.  20.  1. 
*Oi,  faithful. 


^^  And  Samuel  grew,  and  'the  Lord  was  with  him,  and  did  let  none 
of  his  words  fall  to  the  ground.  -'^  And  all  Israel  '"from  Dan  even  to 
Beer-sheba  knew  that  Samuel  was  *established  to  be  a  prophet  of  the 
Lord.  -^  And  the  Lord  appeared  again  in  Shiloh  :  for  the  Lord  re- 
vealed himself  to  Samuel  in  Shiloh  by  the  word  of  the  Lord. 


SECT.  XIV.     Section  XIV.- 


A.  M.  2868. 

B.  C.  1136. 


a  Ge.  33. 13. 
b  Ge.  34.  2. 


d  Ge.  24.  3,  4. 

e  Ge.  34.  14.  Ex. 

34.  16.  De.  7.  3. 
*  Heb.  she  is  right 

in  mine  eyes. 
/J03.11.  20.  IKi. 

12.  15.  2  Ki.  6. 

33.  2  Ch.  10.  15. 


g  De.  28. 


f  Heb.  in  meeting 

him. 
h  1  Sa.  11.  6. 


i  1  Ki.  10.  1.  Ez. 

17.  2.  Lu.  14.  7. 
j  Ge.  29.  27. 
J  Or,  sA(>ts. 
k  Ge.  45.  22. 

2  Ki.  5.  22. 


*  Heb.  to  possess 
lis,  or,  to  impov- 
erish us. 


I  Or,  the  rest  of 
the  seven  days. 


-Marriage  of  Samson,  and  his  Exploits  against  the  Philistines. 

Judges  xiv.  and  xv.  1-19. 

Samson  desireth  a  wife  of  the  Philistines.  6  Li  his  journey  he  killeth  a  Hon.  8  In  a  second  journey 
hejindeth  honey  in  the  carcass.  10  Sajusoji's  marriage  feast.  12  His  riddle  by  his  wife  is  made 
known.  19  He  spoileth  thirty  Philistines.  20  His  wife  is  married  to  another.  —  Chap.  xv.  1 
Samson  is  denied  his  wife.  3  He  burneth  the  Philistines'  corn  with  foxes  and  firebrands.  6  His 
wife  and  her  father  are  burnt  by  the  Philistines.  7  Samson  smiteth  them  hip  and  thigh.  9  He 
is  bound  by  the  men  of  Judah,  and  delivered  to  the  Philistines.  14  He  killeth  them  with  a  jaw 
bone.     18  God  nuiketh  the  fountain  En-hakkore  for  him  in  Lehi. 

-  And  Samson  went  down  "to  Timnath,  and  ''saw  a  woman  in  Tim- 
nath  of  the  daughters  of  the  Philistines.  ^And  he  came  up,  and  told 
his  father  and  his  mother,  and  said,  "  I  have  seen  a  woman  in  Timnath 
of  the  daughters  of  the  Philistines  :  now  therefore  ""get  her  for  me  to 
wife."  ^Then  his  father  and  his  mother  said  unto  him,  "  Is  there  never 
a  woman  among  the  daughters  of  '^thy  brethren,  or  among  all  my  peo- 
ple, that  thou  goest  to  take  a  wife  of  'the  uncircumcised  Philistines?" 
And  Samson  said  unto  his  father,  "Get  her  for  me  ;  for  *she  pleaseth 
me  well."  "*  But  his  father  and  his  mother  knew  not  that  it  was  -^of  the 
Lord,  that  he  sought  an  occasion  against  the  Philistines  :  for  at  that 
time  ^the  Philistines  had  dominion  over  Israel. 

^  Then  went  Samson  down,  and  his  father  and  his  mother,  to  Tim- 
nath, and  came  to  the  vineyards  of  Timnath:  and,  behold,  a  young 
lion  roared  iagainst  him  !  ^  And ''the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  came  mightily 
upon  him,  and  he  rent  him  as  he  would  have  rent  a  kid,  and  he  had 
nothing  in  his  hand  ;  but  he  told  not  his  father  or  his  mother  what  he 
had  done.  "^  And  he  went  down,  and  talked  with  the  woman  ;  and 
she  pleased  Samson  well. 

^  And  after  a  time  he  returned  to  take  her,  and  he  turned  aside  to 
see  the  carcass  of  the  lion ;  and,  behold,  there  was  a  swarm  of  bees 
and  honey  in  the  carcass  of  the  lion  !  ^  And  he  took  thereof  in  his  hands, 
and  went  on  eating,  and  came  to  his  father  and  mother,  and  he  gave 
them,  and  they  did  eat ;  but  he  told  not  them  that  he  had  taken  the 
honey  out  of  the  carcass  of  the  lion. 

^^  So  his  father  went  down  unto  the  woman  ;  and  Samson  made 
there  a  feast,  for  so  used  the  young  men  to  do.  ^*  And  it  came  to  pass, 
when  they  saw  hirn,  that  they  brought  thirty  companions  to  be  with 
him.  ^~  And  Samson  said  unto  them,  "  I  will  now  'put  forth  a  riddle 
unto  you  :  if  ye  can  certainly  declare  it  me  ^within  the  seven  days  of  the 
feast,  and  find  it  out,  then  I  will  give  you  thirty  tsheets  and  thirty  ''change 
of  garments;  ^^but  if  ye  cannot  declare  it  me,  then  shall  ye  give  me 
thirty  sheets  and  thirty  change  of  garments."  And  they  said  unto  him, 
"  Put  forth  thy  riddle,  that  we  may  hear  it."  ^^  And  he  said  unto  them, — 
'■'  Out  of  the  eater  came  forth  meat, 
And  out  of  the  strong  came  forth  sweetness." 
And  they  could  not  in  three  days  expound  the  riddle.  ^^  And  it  came 
to  pass  on  the  seventh  day,  that  they  said  unto  Samson's  wife,  "  Entice 
thy  husband,  that  he  may  declare  unto  us  the  riddle,  lest  we  burn  thee 
and  thy  father's  house  with  fire :  have  ye  called  us  *to  take  that  we 
have?  is  it  not  so?"  ^^  And  Samson's  wife  wept  before  him,  and  said, 
"Thou  dost  but  hate  me,  and  lovest  me  not ;  thou  hast  put  forth  a  riddle 
unto  the  children  of  my  people,  and  hast  not  told  it  me."  And  he  said 
unto  her,  "  Behold,  I  have  not  told  it  my  father  nor  my  mother,  and 
shall  I  tell  it  thee  ?  "  ^^  And  she  wept  before  him  tthe  seven  days,  while 


384 


MARRIAGE  OF  SAMSON. 


[Period  IV. 


J  Or,  apparel. 


^  Or,  I  be  blamdess 
from  the  Pliilis- 
tines,  tlwugh,  ^c. 

X  Or,  torches. 


X  Hoi),  moist, 
m  Lo.  26. 8.  Joa. 

23.10. 
♦  Hob.  «  heap, 

two  heaps. 


their  feast  lasted :  and  it  came  to  pass  on  the  seventh  day,  that  he  told 
her,  because  siie  lay  sore  upon  him ;  and  she   told  tiie  riddle  to  the 
children  of  her  people.  ^^  And  the  men  of  the  city  said  unto  him  on 
the  seventh  day  before  the  sun  w^ent  down, — 
"  What  is  sweeter  than  honey  ? 
And  what  is  stronger  than  a  lion  ?  " 
And  he  said  unto  them,  "  If  ye  had  not  ploughed  with  my  heifer, 
ye  had  not  found  out  my  riddle." 

^^  And  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  came  upon  him,  and  he  went  down  to 
Ashkelon,  and  slew  thirty  men  of  them,  and  took  their  tspoil,  and  gave 
change  of  garments  unto  them  which  expounded  the  riddle.  And  his 
anger  was  kindled,  and  he  went  up  to  his  father's  house.  ^^  But  Samson's 
wife  was  given  to  his  companion,  whom  he  had  used  as  'his  friend. 

^  But  it  came  to  pass  within  a  while  after,  in  the  time  of  ji-n.  xv. 
wheat  harvest,  that  Samson  visited  his  wife  with  a  kid;  and  i"^'^- 
he  said,  "  I  will  go  in  to  my  wife  into  the  chamber."  But  her  father 
would  not  suffer  him  to  go  in.  ^  And  her  father  said,  "  I  verily  thought 
that  thou  hadst  utterly  hated  her  ;  therefore  I  gave  her  to  thy  companion  : 
is  not  her  younger  sister  fairer  than  she  ?  *take  her,  I  pray  thee,  instead 
of  her." 

^  And  Samson  said  concerning  them,  "  Now  shall  tl  be  more  blame- 
less than  the  Pliilistines,  though  I  do  them  a  displeasure."  "*  And  Sam- 
son went  and  caught  three  hundred  foxes,  and  took  tfirebrands,  and 
turned  tail  to  tail,  and  put  a  firebrand  in  the  midst  between  two  tails. 
^And  when  he  had  set  the  brands  on  fire,  he  let  them  go  into  the 
standing  corn  of  the  Philistines,  and  burnt  up  both  the  shocks,  and 
also  the  standing  corn,  with  the  vineyards  and  olives. 

^Then  the  Philistines  said,  "  Who  hath  done  this  ?  "  And  they  an- 
swered, "  Samson,  the  son-in-law  of  the  Timnite,  because  he  had  taken 
his  wife,  and  given  her  to  his  companion."  And  the  Philistines  came 
up,  and  burnt  her  and  her  father  with  fire. 

■''And  Samson  said  unto  them,  "Though  ye  have  done  this,  yet  will 
I  be  avenged  of  you,  and  after  that  I  will  cease."  ^  And  he  smote  them 
hip  and  thigh  with  a  great  slaughter :  and  he  went  down  and  dwelt  in 
the  top  of  the  rock  Etam. 

^  Then  the  Philistines  went  up,  and  pitched  in  Judah,  and  spread 
themselves  in  Lehi.  ^'^  And  the  men  of  Judah  said,  "  Why  are  ye  couie 
up  against  us  ?  "  And  they  answered,  "  To  bind  Samson  are  we  come 
up,  to  do  to  him  as  he  hath  done  to  us."  ^'  Then  three  thousand  men  of 
Judah  *went  to  the  top  of  the  rock  Etam,  and  said  to  Samson,  "  Know- 
est  thou  not  that  the  Philistines  are  rulers  over  us  ?  what  is  this  that 
thou  hast  done  unto  us  ?"  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  As  they  did  unto 
me,  so  have  I  done  unto  them."  ^'-^  And  they  said  unto  him,  "  We  are 
come  down  to  bind  thee,  that  we  may  deliver  thee  into  tlie  hand  of 
the  Philistines."  And  Samson  said  unto  them,  "  Swear  unto  me, 
that  ye  will  not  fall  upon  me  yourselves."  ^^  And  they  spake  unto  him, 
saying,  "  No  ;  but  we  will  bind  thee  fast,  and  deliver  thee  into  their 
hand :  but  surely  we  will  not  kill  thee."  And  they  bound  him  with 
two  new  cords,  and  brought  him  up  from  the  rock. 

1''  And  when  he  came  unto  Lehi,  the  Philistines  shouted  against  him  : 
and  the  S|)irit  of  the  Lord  came  mightily  upon  him,  and  the  cords  that 
were  upon  his  arms  became  as  flax  that  was  burnt  with  fire,  and  his 
bands  tloosed  from  ofl' his  hands.  ^^  And  he  found  a  tnew  jawbone  of 
an  ass,  and  put  forth  his  hand,  and  took  it,  and  ""slew  a  thousand  men 
therewith.   "'  And  Samson  said, — 

"  With  the  jawbone  of  an  ass,  *  heaps  upon  heaps. 
With  the  jaw  of  an  ass  have  I  slain  a  thousand  men." 


i'ART  v.]  A  PROPHET  SENT  TO  ELI.  385 

^^And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  had  made  an  end  of  speaking,  that 
t  That  is  fAe  zi/it- he  cast  away   the  jawbone  out  of  his- hand,  and   called  that  place 

ins  up  of  the  in  ^i     i    i  • 

jawbone, or,  cast-  Tiiamatn-leni. 

jaCftonef  ""^ '''"  ^^  And  hc  was  sore  athirst,and  called  on  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  Thou 
nPs.3. 7.  "hast  given  this  great  deliverance  into  the  hand  of  thy  servant:  and 

oGc.'-il'sT.  Is.     '^^^^  ^^^^''  I  ^^^  ^or  thirst,  and  fall  into  the  hand  of  the  uncircumcised  ?  " 

40.29.  ^^But  God   clave  a  hollow  place  that  was  in  tthe  jaw,  and  there  came 

*wcnofkimtiuit    water  thereout ;  and  when  he  had  drunk,  "his   spirit  came  again,  and 

p "  34.°o-.'  "''"'■  i^*^  revived  :  wherefore  he  called  the  name  thereof  *En-hakkore,  which 
is  in  Lehi  unto  this  day. 


Section  XV. — A  Pr-ophet  sent  to  Eli. 
1  Samuel  ii.  22,  to  the  end. 
C.  1117.  I'he  sins  of  Eli's  sons.     23  He  reproveth  them.     28  A  pi-ophecy  against  his  house. 

2^  Now  Eli  was  very  old,  and  heard  all  that  his  sons  did  unto  all 

Israel ;  and  how  they  lay  with  the  women  that  *assembled  at  the  door 

of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  -^  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  Why 

do  ye  such  things  ?  for  f  I  hear  of  your  evil  dealings  by  all  this  people. 

«:ordsofyou.      ^JNaj,  Illy  SOUS  ;    for  it  is  no  good  report  that  I  "hear:    ye  make   the 

J  Or,  to  cry  out. 


A.  U 


*  Heb.  assembled 
by  troops,  t^ee 
Ex.  38.  8. 

■f  Or,  I  hear  evil 


Lord's  people  tto  transgress.  -^  If  one  man  sin  against  another,  the 
judge  shall  judge  him  :  but  if  a  man  "sin  against  the  Lord,  who  shall 
entreat  for  him  ?  "  Notwithstanding  they  hearkened  not  unto  the  voice 
*i5°'io.^"  ^°'  ^''  ^^  ^^^^^^  father,  ''because  the  Lord  would  slay  them.  ^^  And  the  child 
c  Pr.  3. 4.  Lu.  2.  Samucl  grcw  on,  and  was  'in  favor  both  with  the  Lord,  and  also 
Ro.  H."  18.'''      with  men. 

d  1  Ki.  13. 1.  27  Aj-,(J  ^there  came  a  man   of  God  unto   Eh,  and   said   unto  him, 

eEK.4. 14,  27.  <' Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Did  1  plainly  appear  unto  the  house  of  thy 
father,  when  they  were  in  Egypt  in  Pharaoh's  house  ?  ^s  And  did  I 
■^ixu!  iG.' 5!  &  18.  •'choose  him  out  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  to  be  my  priest,  to  offer  upon 
mine  altar,  to  burn  incense,  to  wear  an  ephod  before  me  ?  and  ^did  I 
give  unto  the  house  of  thy  father  all  the  offerings  made  by  fire  of  the 
children  of  Israel  ?  ^^  Wherefore  ''kick  ye  at  my  sacrifice  and  at  mine 
offering,  which  I  have  commanded  in  my  'habitation  ;  and  honorest  thy 
sons  above  me,  to  make  yourselves  fat  with  the  chiefest  of  all  the  offer- 
ings of  Israel  my  people  ?  ^^  Wherefore  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  saith, 
I  ^said  indeed   that   thy  house,  and  the  house  of  thy  father,  should 


1,7. 

S  Le.  2.  3,  10. 
Nu.  5.  9.  10. 
h  Do.  33.  15. 
t  De.  12.  5,  6. 


J  Ex.  29.  9. 


fc  Je.  18. 9, 10.  walk  before  me  for  ever :  but  now  the  Lord  saith,  Be  ^it  far  from  me ; 
!«^Maf'"^9  ^^^  ^'^^"^  ^'^^^  honor  me  'I  will  honor,  and  "they  that  despise  me  shall 
Ti  Ki.'2.'27.  be  lightly  esteemed,  ^i  Behold  "the  days  come,  that  I  will  cut  off"  thine 
fs;f4.i*i;  13,^  ^^^'  ^"*^^  ^'^^  arm  of  thy  father's  house,  that  there  shall  not  be  an  old  man 
J^^-  .  .'    in  thy  house.  ^'~  And  thou  shalt  see  *an  enemy  in  my  habitation,  in  all  the 

* o/th^tahfi^'^h,  wealth  which  God  shall  give  Israel ;  and  there  shall  not  be  "an  old  man 
%chGod^wfm  in  thy  house  for  ever.  ^3  And  the  man  of  thine,  whom  I  shall  not  cut 
fa"'.  ""'*"  ^''  °^  ^""^"^  "^"^^  ^\\.^x,  shall  be  to  consume  thine  eyes,  and  to  grieve  thy 
oSee  Zee.  8. 4.  heart ;  and  all  the  increase  of  thy  house  shall  die  tin  the  flower  of  their 
age.  3^  And  this  shall  be  ''a  sign  unto  thee,  that  shall  come  upon  thy 
two  sons,  on  Hophni  and  Phinehas  ;  in  one  day  they  shall  die  both  of 
them.  ^^  And  'I  will  raise  me  up  a  faithful  priest,  that  shall  do  accord- 
ing to  that  which  is  in  my  heart  and  in  my  mind :  and  "I  will  build 


t  Heb. 

;.  1  Ki,  13.3. 


q\  Ki.2.  35. 
1  Cb.  29.  22. 
Ez.  44.  ]5. 

IpI^s.  &I8.    ^'"^  ^  ^"^'^  house;  and  he  shall  walk  before  'mine   Anointed  for  ever. 
50.'  "•••""■- 


Ki.  2.  27. 


^^  And  'it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  every  one  that  is  left  in  thy  house 
t  Heb.  j»^n.'  shall  come  and  crouch  to  him  for  a  piece  of  silver  and  a  morsel  of 
*ox,smmwhat  bread,  and  shall  say,  tPut  me,  I  pray  thee,  into  *one  of  the  priests' 
liol'dV^'^'^''''   offices,  that  I  may  eat  a  piece  of  bread." 

VOL.  I.  49  2  G 


386 


SAMSON  IS  BETRAYED  BY  DELILAH.  [Period  IV. 


SECT.   XVI. 

A.  M.  2887. 
B.  C.  1117. 
Hales,  1202. 

Gaza,— Valley  of 
Sorek. 

*  Heb.  a  woman 
a  harlot. 

a  1  Sa.  23.  26.  Ps. 

118.  10-12.  Ac. 

9.  24. 
t  Heb.  sUent. 


•  Or,  by  the  brook. 


b  See  Pr.  2.  16- 
19.  «t  5.  3-11.  & 
6.  24-0  i.  &  7. 
21-23. 

t  Ot,  humble. 


J  Or,  neiB  cords. 

Heb.  moist. 
*  Heb.  one. 


•f  Heb.  smelleth. 


*  Heb.  shortened. 
e  -Mic.  7.  5. 
d  Nu.  6.  5. 


e  Pr.  7.  20,  27. 


Section  XVI. — Samson  is  betrayed  by  Delilah  ; — His  Death. 
Judges  xvi.  and  xv.  20. 
Samson  at  Gaza  escapeth,  and  carrieth  aicay  the  gales  of  the  city.     4  Delilah,  corrupted  by  the  Phi- 
listines, enticeth  Samson.     6  Thrice  she  is  deceived.     15  At  last  she  overcometh  him.     21  The 
Philistines  take  him,  and  put  out  his  eyes.     22  His  strength  reneidng,  he  pnlleth  down  the  house 
■upon  the  Philistines,  and  dieth. 

^  Then  went  Samson  to  Gaza,  and  saw  there  *a  harlot,  and  went  in 
unto  her.  ^  And  it  was  told  the  Gazites,  saying,  "  Samson  is  come 
hither."  And  they  "compassed  him  in,  and  laid  wait  for  him  all  night 
in  the  gate  of  the  city,  and  were  tquiet  all  the  night,  saying,  "  In  the 
morning,  when  it  is  day,  we  shall  kill  him."  ^  And  Samson  lay  till  mid- 
night, and  arose  at  midnight,  and  took  the  doors  of  the  gate  of  the  city, 
and  the  two  posts,  and  went  away  with  them,  tbar  and  all,  and  put 
them  upon  his  shoulders,  and  carried  tliem  up  to  the  top  of  a  hill  that 
is  before  Hebron. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  afterward,  that  he  loved  a  woman  *in  the  valley 
of  Sorek,  whose  name  was  Delilah.  ^  And  the  lords  of  the  Philistines 
came  up  unto  her,  and  said  unto  her,  "  Entice  Miim,  and  see  wherein 
his  great  strength  lieth,  and  by  what  means  we  may  prevail  against  him, 
that  we  may  bind  him  to  ^afflict  him  ;  and  we  will  give  thee  every  one 
of  us  eleven  hundred  pieces  of  silver." 

^  And  Delilah  said  to  Samson,  "  Tell  me,  I  pray  thee,  wherein  thy 
great  strength  lieth,  and  wherewith  thou  mightest  be  bound  to  afflict 
thee."  "^  And  Samson  said  unto  her,  "  If  they  bind  me  with  seven  tgreen 
withes  that  were  never  dried,  then  shall  I  be  weak,  and  be  as  *another 
man."  ^  Then  the  lords  of  the  Philistines  brought  up  to  her  seven  green 
withes  which  had  not  been  dried,  and  she  bound  him  with  them.  ^  Now 
there  were  men  lying  in  wait,  abiding  with  her  in  the  chamber.  And 
she  said  unto  him,  "  The  Philistines  be  upon  thee,  Samson  !  "  And  he 
brake  the  withes,  as  a  thread  of  tow  is  broken  when  it  ttouchelh  the  fire. 
So  his  strength  was  not  known.  ^^  And  Delilah  said  unto  Samson, 
"  Behold,  thou  hast  mocked  me.  and  told  me  lies:  now  tell  me,  I  pray 
thee,  wherewith  thou  mightest  be  bound."  ^^  And  he  said  unto  her, 
"  If  they  bind  me  fast  with  new  ropes  tthat  never  were  occupied,  then 
shall  I  be  weak,  and  be  as  another  man."  '^  Delilah  therefore  took 
new  ropes,  and  bound  him  therewith,  and  said  unto  him,  "  The  Philis- 
tines be  upon  thee,  Samson  !  "  And  there  were  liers  in  wait  abiding  in 
the  chamber.  And  he  brake  them  from  off  his  arms  like  a  thread.  ^^  And 
Delilah  said  unto  Samson,  "  Hitherto  thou  hast  mocked  me,  and  told 
me  lies  :  tell  me  wherewith  thou  mightest  be  bound."  And  he  said 
unto  her,  "  If  thou  weavest  the  seven  locks  of  my  head  with  the  web." 
^'*  And  she  fastened  it  with  the  pin,  and  said  unto  him,  "  The  Philistines 
be  upon  thee,  Samson  !  "  And  he  awaked  out  of  his  sleep,  and  went 
away  with  the  pin  of  the  beam,  and  with  the  web. 

^'^  And  she  said  unto  him,  "  How  canst  thou  say,  I  love  thee,  when 
thy  heart  is  not  with  me  ?  thou  hast  mocked  me  these  three  times, 
and  hast  not  told  me  wherein  thy  great  strength  lieth."  ^'^  And  it  came 
to  pass,  when  she  pressed  him  daily  with  her  words,  and  urged  him,  so 
that  his  soul  was  *ve.\ed  unto  death  ;  ^'  that  he  'told  her  all  his  heart, 
and  said  unto  her,  "  There  ''hath  not  come  a  razor  upon  my  head  ; 
for  I  have  been  a  Nazarite  unto  God  from  my  mother's  womb :  if  I  be 
shaven,  then  my  strength  will  go  from  me,  and  I  shall  become  weak, 
and  be  like  any  other  man." 

18  And  when  Delilah  saw  that  he  had  told  her  all  his  heart,  she  sent 
and  called  for  tlie  lords  of  the  Philistines,  saying,  ''  Come  up  this  once, 
for  he  hath  showed  me  all  his  heart."  Then  the  lords  of  the  Philistines 
came  up  unto  her,  and  brought  money  in  their  hand.  ^^  And  'she  made 


THE  ISRAELITES  ARE  DEFEATED  BY  THE  PHILISTINES.        387 


/Nu.  14.  9,  4-2, 

1  Sa.  IG.  l4.'& 
]8.  1-2.  &  -28.  J5, 
16.  2  Oil.  15.  -2. 
t  Heb.  bored  out. 


*  Heb.  and  who 
multiplied  our 
slain. 


t  Heb.  befu 
them. 


h  De.  22.  8. 
JJe.  15.  15. 


Heb.  my  soul. 


f  He  seems  to 
have  judged 
South-west  Is- 
rael during 
twenty  years  of 
their  servitude 
of  the  Philis- 
tines. 


SECT.  XVII. 

A.   M.  23S8. 

B.C.  1116. 

Hales,  1142. 

Canaan. 


*Or,  came  to  pass. 
Heb.  was. 


t  Heb.  the  battle 
loas  spread. 


X  Heb.  the  array. 


Heb.  take  unto 


hini  sleep  upon  her  knees  ;  and  she  called  for  a  man,  and  she  caused 
him  to  shave  off  the  seven  locks  of  his  head  ;  and  she  began  to  afflict 
him,  and  his  strength  went  from  him.  ~^  And  she  said,  "  The  Philistines 
be  upon  thee,  Samson  !  "  And  he  awoke  out  of  his  sleep,  and  said,  "  I 
will  go  out  as  at  other  times  before,  and  shake  myself."  And  he  wist 
not  that  the  Lord  ^was  departed  from  him. 

2^  But  the  Philistines  took  him,  and  tput  out  his  eyes,  and  brought 
him  down  to  Gaza,  and  bound  him  with  fetters  of  brass ;  and  he  did 
grind  in  the  prison-house.  ^-  Howbeit  the  hair  of  his  head  began  to 
grow  again  lafter  he  was  shaven.  ^^  Then  the  lords  of  the  Philistines 
gathered  them  together  for  to  offer  a  great  sacrifice  unto  Dagon  their 
god,  and  to  rejoice  ;  for  they  said,  "Our  god  hath  delivered  Samson 
our  enemy  into  our  hand."  ^^  And  when  the  people  saw  him,  they 
Upraised  their  god  ;  for  they  said,  "  Our  god  hath  delivered  into  our 
hands  our  enemy,  and  the  destroyer  of  our  country,  *which  slew  many 
of  us."  25  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  their  hearts  were  merry,  that 
they  said,  "Call  for  Samson,  that  he  may  make  us  sport."  And  they 
called  for  Samson  out  of  the  prison-house  ;  and  he  made  tthem  sport : 
and  they  set  him  between  the  pillars.  '^^'  And  Samson  said  unto  the 
lad  that  held  him  by  the  hand,  "  Suffer  me  that  I  may  feel  the  pillars 
whereupon  the  house  standeth,  that  I  may  lean  upon  them."  ^^Now 
the  hou^e  was  full  of  men  and  women  ;  and  all  the  lords  of  the  Phi- 
listines were  there  ;  and  there  were  upon  the  "roof  about  three  thou- 
sand men  and  women,  that  beheld  while  Samson  made  sport.  ^^  And 
Samson  called  unto  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  O  Lord  God  !  'remember 
me,  1  pray  thee,  and  strengthen  me,  I  pray  thee,  only  this  once,  O 
God  !  that  I  may  be  at  once  avenged  of  the  Philistines  for  my  two 
eyes."  ^'^  And  Samson  took  hold  of  the  two  middle  pillars  upon  which 
the  house  stood,  and  ton  which  it  was  borne  up,  of  the  one  with  his 
right  hand,  and  of  the  other  with  his  left.  "^^  And  Samson  said,  "  Let 
*me  die  with  the  Philistines."  And  he  bowed  himself  with  all  his 
might ;  and  the  house  fell  upon  the  lords,  and  upon  all  the  people  that 
were  therein.  So  the  dead  which  he  slew  at  his  death  were  more 
than  they  which  he  slew  in  his  life.  ^^  Then  his  brethren  and  all  the 
house  of  his  father  came  down,  and  took  him,  and  brought  him  up, 
and  buried  him  between  Zorah  and  Eshtaol  in  the  burying-place  of 
Manoah  his  father.     And  he  judged  Israel  twenty  years. 

Judges  xv.  20.     And  the  judged  Israel  in  the  days  of  the  Philistines  twenty  years. 

Section  XVIL — The  Israelites  are  defeated  bi/  the  Philistines  ;— The  Ark 
is  taken,  and  the  two  Sons  of  Eli  are  slain ; — Death  of  Eli. 
1  Samuel  iv. 
The  Israelites  are  mercome  by  the  Philistines  at  Eben-ezer.    3  They  fetch  the  ark,  unto  the  terror  of 
the  Philistines.     10  They  are  smitten  again,  tlie  ark  taken,  Hophni  and  Phinehas  are  slam.     I'Z 
Eli  at  the  neics  falling  backward  breaketh  his  neck.     19  Phinehas'  wife,  discouraged  in  her  trav- 
ail with  I-chabod,  dielh. 

1  And  the  word  of  Samuel  *came  to  all  Israel. 

Now  Israel  went  out  against  the  Philistines  to  battle,  and  pitched 
beside  Eben-ezer:  and  the  Philistines  pitched  in  Aphek.  ^  And  the 
Philistines  put  themselves  in  array  against  Israel :  and  when  tthey 
joined  battle,  Israel  was  smitten  before  the  Philistines  ;  and  they  slew 
of  tthe  army  in  the  field  about  four  thousand  men. 

'^  And  when  the  people  were  come  into  the  camp,  the  elders  of 
Israel  said,  "  Wherefore  hath  the  Lord  smitten  us  to-day  before  the 
Philistines  ?  Let  us  *fetch  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  out 
of  Shiloh  unto  us,  that,  when  it  cometh  among  us,  it  may  save  us  out 
of  the  hand  of  our  enemies."  ^  So  the  people  sent  to  Shiloh,  that  they 
might  bring  from  thence  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  of  hosts, 


388 


HISTORY  OF  THE  ARK  AFTER  ITS  CAPTURE.         [Period  IV. 


a  Pi.  so.  1. 

6  Ex.  35.  18,  22. 


t  Heb.  yesterday, 
or,  tlu  third  day. 


din.  13.  1. 
X  Heb.  be  men. 


Le.  26.  17.  De. 
28.  25.  Ps.  78.  9, 


/Ps.  78.  61. 
g  Ps.  78.  64. 
*  Heb.  died. 
h  2  Sa.  1.  2. 
i  Jo3.  7.  6.  2  Sa. 

13.  19.  &.  15.  32. 

Ne.  9.1.  Job  2. 

12. 


t  Heb.  is  the 
thing  1 
2  Sa.  1.  4. 


*  He  seems  to 
have  been  a 
Judge  to  do  jus- 
tice only,  and 
that  in  South- 
west Israel. 

t  Or,  to  cry  out. 
%  Heb.  were 

turned, 
j  Ge.  35.  17. 

*  Heb.  set  net  her 
heart. 

t  That  is,  Tfhere 
is  the  glory  ?  or, 
2'hereis  no  glory. 

k  Ps.  26.  8.  &  78. 
61. 


SECT,  xviir. 

A.  M.  2888. 
B.C.  1116. 
Philistia. 


al  Sa.  4.  1.&7. 
12. 


"which  dwelleth  between  '^the  cherubim  ;  and  the  two  sons  of  Eh, 
Hophni  and  Phinehas.  were  there  with  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  God. 
^  And  when  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  came  into  the  camp, 
all  Israel  shouted  with  a  great  shout,  so  that  the  earth  rang  again. 
^  And  when  the  Philistines  heard  the  noise  of  the  shout,  they  said, 
"  What  meaneth  the  noise  of  this  great  shout  in  the  camp  of  the 
Hebrews  ? "  And  they  understood  that  the  ark  of  the  Lord  was  come 
into  the  camp.  "  And  the  Philistines  were  afraid,  for  they  said,  "  God 
is  come  into  the  camp."  And  they  .said,  '•  Woe  unto  us  !  for  there 
hath  not  been  such  a  thing  Ihcietofore.  ^  Woe  unto  us  !  who  shall 
deliver  us  out  of  the  hand  of  these  mighty  gods  ?  these  are  the  gods 
that  smote  the  Egyptians  with  all  the  plagues  in  t!ie  wilderness.  -'  Be 
"strong,  and  quit  yourselves  like  men,  O  ye  Philistines  !  that  ye  be  not 
servants  unto  the  Hebrews,  ''as  they  have  been  to  you  :  Jquit  your- 
selves like  men,  and  fight." 

^^  And  the  Philistines  fought,  and  'Israel  was  smitten,  and  they  fled 
every  man  into  his  tent :  and  there  was  a  very  great  slaughter  ;  for 
there  fell  of  Israel  thirty  thousand  footmen.  ^^  And-'^the  ark  of  God  was 
taken  ;  and  °'the  two  sons  of  Eli,  Hophni  and  Phinehas,  *were  slain. 

^^  And  there  ran  a  man  of  Benjamin  out  of  the  army,  and  Vame  to 
Shiloh  the  same  day  with  his  clothes  rent,  and  'with  earth  upon  his 
head.  ^^  And  when  he  came,  lo !  Eli  sat  upon  a  seat  by  the  wayside 
watching ;  for  his  heart  trembled  for  the  ark  of  God.  And  when  the 
man  came  into  the  city,  and  told  it.  all  the  city  cried  out.  ^^  And  when 
Eli  heard  the  noise  of  the  crying,  he  said,  "  W'hat  meaneth  the  noise 
of  this  tumult  ? "  And  the  man  came  in  hastily,  and  told  Eli.  ^^  Now 
Eli  was  ninety  and  eight  years  old  ;  and  his  eyes  twere  dim,  that  he 
could  not  see.  ^^  And  the  man  said  unto  Eli,  "  I  am  he  that  came  out 
of  the  army,  and  I  fled  to-day  out  of  the  army."  And  he  said,  "  What 
tis  there  done,  my  son  ?  "  ^"^  And  the  messenger  answered  and  said, 
"  Israel  is  fled  before  the  Philistines,  and  there  hath  been  also  a  great 
slaughter  among  the  people,  and  thy  two  sons  also,  Hophni  and  Phin- 
ehas, are  dead,  and  the  ark  of  God  is  taken."  ^^And  it  came  to  pass, 
when  he  made  mention  of  the  ark  of  God,  that  he  fell  from  off  the  seat 
backward  by  the  side  of  the  gate,  and  his  neck  brake,  and  he  died  ;  for 
he  was  an  old  man, and  heavy.  *And  he  had  judged  Israel  forty  years. 

1^  And  his  daughter-in-law,  Phinehas'  wife,  was  with  child,  near  tto 
be  delivered  :  and  when  she  heard  the  tidings  that  the  ark  of  God 
was  taken,  and  that  her  father-in-law  and  her  husband  were  dead,  she 
bowed  herself  and  travailed  ;  for  her  pains  tcame  upon  her.  '^^  And 
about  the  time  of  her  death  •'the  women  that  stood  by  her  said  unto 
her,  "Fear  not;  for  thou  hast  born  a  son."  But  she  answered  not, 
*neither  did  she  regard  it.  ^*  And  she  named  the  child  tl-chabod,  say- 
ing, "  The  *glory  is  departed  from  Israel : "  because  the  ark  of  God  was 
taken,  and  because  of  her  father-in-law  and  her  husband.  --  And  she 
said,  "  The  glory  is  departed  from  Israel  ;  for  the  ark  of  God  is  taken !" 

Section  XVIII. — Hhtortj  of  the  Ark  after  its  Capture. 
1  Samuel  v.,  vi.,  and  vii.  1. 
The  Philistines  haring  brought  the  ark  into  Ashdod,  set  it  in  the  house  of  Dagon.  3  Dagon  is 
smitten  down  and  cut  in  pieces,  and  they  of  Ashdod  smitten  with  emerods.  8  So  God  dealeth  with 
them  of  Gath,  uhen  it  icas  brought  thither,  10  and  so  icilh  them  of  Ekron,  when  it  was  brouglU 
thither.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  After  seren  jiwnlhs  the  Philistines  take  counsel  how  to  send  back  the  ark. 
10  Then  bring  it  on  a  new  cart  with  an  offerins;  vnlo  Beth-shcmesh.  19  The  people  are  smiltrn 
for  looking  into  the  ark.  21  Tltey  send  to  them  of  Kirfath-Jearim  to  fetch  it,  (Chap.  vii.  1 )  who 
place  it  in  the  house  of  Abinadab. 

^  And  the  Philistines  took  the  ark  of  God,  and  brought  it  "from 
Ebenezer  unto  Ashdod.  ^  When  the  Philistines  took  the  ark  of  God. 
they  brought  it  into  the  house  of  ''Dagon,  and  set  it  by  Dagon.  ^  And 


c  Is.  19.  1. 
1,2. 

d  Is.  4G.  7, 


!  Je.  50.  2, 
4,  6.  Mic.  1.  7 


32.  4 
11. 

9.3. 
:.  Ac. 

Vs. 
13. 

ADe. 

28.27. 

]  HISTORY  OF  THE  ARK  AFTER  ITS  CAPTURE.  389 

when  they  of  Ashdod  arose  early  on  the  morrow,  behold,  Dagon  was 
^  ^6-  'fallen  upon  his  face  to  the  earth  before  the  ark  of  the  Lord.  And 
they  took  Dagon,  and  ''set  him  in  his  place  again.  ^  And  when  they 
arose  early  on  the  morrow  morning,  behold,  Dagon  was  fallen  upon 
E^-  6.  his  face  to  the  ground  before  the  ark  of  the  Lord  ;  and  'the  head  of 
Da,o-on  and  both  the  palms  of  his  hands  were  cut  off  upon  the  thresh- 
old'; only  *the  stump  of  Dagon  was  left  to  him.  ^Therefore  neither 
the  priests  of  Dagon,  nor  any  that  come  into  Dagon's  house,  -^tread  on 
the  threshold  of  Dagon  in  Ashdod  unto  this  day. 

*^  But  'the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  heavy  upon  them  of  Ashdod,  and  he 

destroyed  them,  and  smote  them  with  '^emerods,  even  Ashdod  and  the 

coasts  thereof.  ^  And  when  the  men  of  Ashdod  saw  that  it  was  so,  they 

said,  "  The  ark  of  the  God  of  Israel  shall  not  abide  with  us  ;   for  his 

hand  is  sore  upon  us,  and  upon  Dagon  our  god."'  ^They  sent  therefore 

and  gathered  all  the  lords  of  the  Philistines  unto  them,  and  said,  "  What 

shalf  we  do  with  the  ark  of  the  God  of  Israel  ? "   And  they  answered, 

"  Let  the  ark  of  the  God  of  Israel  be  carried  about  unto  Gath."    And 

they  carried  the  ark  of  the  God  of  Israel  about  thither.  "  And  it  was  so, 

iDe.2. 15.  that,  after  they  had  carried  it  about,  Hhe  hand  of  the  Lord  was  against 

jPs.78.  G6.         the  city  with  a  very  great  destruction  ;  and  ^he  smote  the  men  of  the 

city,  both  small  and  great,  and  they  had  emerods  in  their  secret  parts. 

^^  Therefore  they  sent  the  ark  of  God  to  Ekron.    And  it  came  to  pass, 

as  the  ark  of  God  came  to  Ekron,  that  the  Ekronites  cried  out,  saying, 

tHeb.mc,tosiay  "  They  havc  brought  about  the  ark  of  the  God  of  Israel  to  fus,  to  slay 

me  and  my.         ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  peoplc  ! "  ^^  So  thcy  scut  and  gathered  together  all  the  lords 

of  the  Philistines,  and  said,  "  Send  away  the  ark  of  the  God  of  Israel, 

tHeh.menot,      and  let  it  go  again  to  his  own  place,  that  it  slay  lus  not,  and  our  peo- 

andmy.  ^^^ „  ^^^  ^j^^^^  ^^^  ^  deadly  destruction  throughout  all  the  city  ;  the 

hand  of  God  was  very  heavy  there.  ^~  And  the  men  that  died  not  were 

smitten  with  the  emerods ;  and  the  cry  of  the  city  went  up  to  heaven. 

1  And  the  ark  of  the  Lord  was  in  the  country  of  the  Phi-    i  Sam.  vi. 

k  Ge.  41. 8.  Ex.    ligtincs  scvcn  months.  ^  And  the  Philistines  'called   for   the 

111'7^m1~'    priests  and  the  diviners,  saying,  "  What  shall  we  do  to  the  ark  of  the 

Lord  ?  tell  us  wherewith  we  shall  send  it  to  his  place."  ^  And  they 

said,  "  If  ye  send  away  the  ark  of  the  God  of  Israel,  send  it  not  'empty  ; 

but  in  any  wise  return  him  "'a  trespass  offering  :  then  ye  shall  be  healed, 

and  it  shall  be  known  to  you  why  his  hand  is  not  removed  from  you." 

4  Then  said  they,  "  What  shall  be  the  trespass  offering  which  we  shall 

return  to  him  ?"  They  answered,  "  Five  golden  emerods,  and  five  golden 

nJos.  13. 3.  Ju.    mice,  "according  to  the  number  of  the  lords  of  the  Philistines  ;  for  one 

*  Heb  them.        plaguc  was  ou  *you  all,  and  on  your  lords.  ^  Wherefore  ye  shall  make 

imao-es  of  your  emerods,  and  images  of  your  mice  that  mar  the  land  ; 

0  Jos.  7. 19.  Is.     and'ye  shall  "give  glory  unto  the  God  of  Israel:   peradventure  he  will 

^joh,/9.''24^'     lighten  his  hand  from  off  you,  and  from  off  your  gods,  and  from  off 

p  Ps.  39. 10.  '^^  land.  6  Wherefore  then  do  ye  harden  your  hearts,  'as  the  Egyp- 

^i'&if n''  ^'  tians  and  Pharaoh  hardened  their  hearts  ?  when  he  had  wrought  twon- 

t  Or,  reproachful-  jerfuUy  amoug  them,  did  they  not  let  tthe  people  go,  and  they  departed  ? 

t'lieb.  them.        '  Now  therefore  make  'a  new  cart,  and  take  two  milch  kine,  'on  which 

r2Sa'6.3.         t^erc  hath  come  no  yoke,  and  tie  the  kine  to  the  cart,  and  bring  their 

sNu.19.2.         ^^j^^g  j^^j^^g  |.j.Qj^  ^l^gj^-j^  8  And  take  the  ark  of   the  Lord,  and  lay  it 

upon  the  cart ;  and  put  the  jewels  of  gold,  which  ye  return  him  for  a 

trespass  offering,  in  a  coffer  by  the  side  thereof;  and  send  it  away,  that 

it  may  go.  ^  And  see,  if  it  goeth  up  by  the  way  of  his  own  coast  to 

uos.  15. 10.        'Beth-shemesh,  then  *He  hath  done  us  this  great  evil ;  but  if  not,  then 

*  °'' '"'  we  shall  know  that  it  is  not  his  hand  that  smote  us  :  it  was  a  chance 

that  happened  to  us." 

^0  And  the  men  did  so  ;  and  took  two  milch  kine,  and  tied  them  to 

2g* 


2.  4. 

I  Ex.  -23.  15.  De. 

16.  IG. 
m  Le.  5.  15,  16. 


390  GOVERNMENT  OF  SAMUEL.  [Period  IV. 

the  cart,  and  shut  up  their  calves  at  home.  ^^  And  they  laid  the  ark 
of  the  Lord  upon  the  cart,  and  the  coffer  with  the  mice  of  gold  and 
the  images  of  their  emerods.  >-  And  the  kine  took  the  straight  way  to 
the  way  of  Beth-shemesh,  and  went  along  the  highway,  lowing  as  they 
went,  and  turned  not  aside  to  the  right  hand  or  to  the  left ;  and  tlse 
lords  of  tlie  Philistines  went  after  them  unto  the  border  of  Beth-shemesh. 
^^  And  they  of  Beth-shemesh  were  reaping  their  wheat  harvest  in  the 
valley  ;  and  they  hfted  up  their  eyes,  and  saw  the  ark,  and  rejoiced  to 
see  it.  '^And  the  cart  came  into  the  field  of  Joshua,  a  Beth-shemite, 
and  stood  there,  where  there  was  a  great  stone  ;  and  they  clave  the 
wood  of  the  cart,  and  offered  the  kine  a  burnt  offering  unto  the  Lord. 
^•^  And  the  Levites  took  down  the  ark  of  the  Lord,  and  the  coffer  that 
was  with  it,  wherein  the  jewels  of  gold  were,  and  put  them  on  the  great 
stone ;    and   the   men    of  Beth-shemesh   offered  burnt    offerings  and 

u  Jos.  13. 3.  sacrificed  sacrifices  the  same  day  unto  the  Lord.  ^"  And  when  "the  five 
lords  of  the  Philistines  iiad  seen  it,  they  returned  to  Ekron  the  same  day. 
^^  And  these  are  the  golden  emerods  which  the  Philistines  returned 
for  a  trespass  offering  unto  the  Lord  ;  for  Ashdod  one,  for  Gaza  one, 
for  Askclon  one,  for  Gath  one,  for  Ekron  one  ;  ^^and  the  golden  mice, 
according  to  the  number  of  all  the  cities  of  the  Philistines  belonging  to 
the  five  lords,  both  of  fenced  cities,  and  of  country  villages,  even  unto 

t  Or,  great  stone,  ^{^g  f  great  stouc  of  Abcl,  whcrcon  they  set  down  the  ark  of  the  Lord  : 
which  stone  remaineth  unto  this  day  in  the  field  of  Joshua  the  Beth- 
shemite. 

"^^^4^5  ^15  ijo        ^^  -^'^^^  "^^  smote  the  men  of  Beth-shemesh,  because  they  had  looked 

2Sa.  6.7.  '  into  the  ark  of  the  Lord,  even  He  smote  of  the  people  fifty  thousand 
and  threescore  and  ten  men  ;  and  the  people  lamented,  because  the 
Lord  had  smitten  many  of  the  people  with  a  great  slaughter.  ^°  And 

""^^^3%^'  the  men  of  Beth-shemesh  said,  "  Who  "is  able  to  stand  before  this  holy 
Lord  God  ?  and  to  whom  shall  He  go  up  from  us  ?  " 

^i^'is^ich^ia        ^^  And  they  sent  messengers  to  the  inhabitants  of  Kirjath-jearim, 

5,6.  saying,  "  The  Philistines  have  brought  again  the  ark  of  the  Lord  ;  come 

ye  down,  and  fetch  it  up  to  you.'*' 

j/Ps.  132. 6.  1  And  the  men  of  ^Kirjath-jearim   came,  and  fetched  up  i  Sam.  vii.  l. 

the  ark   of  the   Lord,  and  brought  it  into  the  house  of 
Abinadab,  in  the  hill,  and  sanctified  Eleazar  his  son  to  keep  the  ark 
of  the  Lord. 

Section  XIX. — Government  of  Samuel; — The  Israditcs  repent. 
'22)1  Samuel  vii.  2,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  viii. 
After  twenty  years,  the  Israelites,  by  Samuel's  means,  solem.vly  repent  at  Mizpeh.     9  While  Samnel 
prayeth  and  sacrificeth,  the  Lord  discomfiteth  the  Philistines  by  thunder  at  Eben-ezer.     13  The 


SECT. 

XIX. 

A.  M. 

2978. 

li.  C. 

1026. 

Hales 

,  1122. 

Can 

aan. 

Philislines  are  subdued.  15  Samnel  peaceably  and  religiously  judgeth  Israel.  —  Cliap.  viii.  1  By 
occasion  of  the  ill  governmenl  of  SaimieUs  sons,  the  Israelites  ask  a  king.  6  Sanmel  praijing  in 
grief,  is  comforted  by  God.     10  He  telleth  the  manner  of  a  king.     19  God  willeth  Samuel  to  yield 


aUe.  30.  2-10. 
1  Ki.  8.  48.  Is. 
5-..  7.  Ho.  (i.  1. 
Joel  a.  12. 


imto  the  importunity  of  the  people. 

-And  it  came  to  pass,  while  the  ark  abode  in  Kirjath-jcarim,  that  the 
time  was  long  ;  for  it  was  '"'twenty  years :  and  all  the  house  of  Israel 
lamented  after  the  Lord.  ^  And  Sannicl  spake  unto  all  the  house  of 
Israel,  saying,  "  If  ye  do  "return  unto  the  Lord  with  all  your  hearts, 


('^)  Bishop  Horsley  thinks  this  seventh  chapter  is  from  the  city  altogether,  but  to  the  highest  part,  the 

merely  introductory  to  the  several  events  related  in  citadel,  which  was  consecrated  to  its  service.     The 

those  which  follow  it,  as  far  as  the  twenty-fifth. —  word     Kirjath-jcarim    signifies   the    City    of     the 

Bib.  Crit.  vol.  i.  p.  321.  Woods.      The  continuance  of  the  ark  in  this  place 

(=3)  The  meaning  is  not,  that  the  ark  was  at  Kir-  explains  the  diflTiculty  in  Psalm  cxxxii.  6. 

jath-jearim   only  twenty    years,   but   that   tvventy  ..  ^y,,  ^..^.^  of  the  ark  at  Ephratah    [or  Sliiloh  in 

years  elapsed  before  the  people  received  from  Sam-  V   1          "1  • 

uel  any  hope  of  Jehovah's  interpositiori  for  their  Andfound"  t'at  [Kirjath-jearim]   the  fields  of  tlie 

deliverance.     The  expression  (1  Sam.  vn.  1.)  "  tlie        ^»"  ■""  ^ "  l       .i       J  J 

men  of  Kirjath-jearim  came,  and  fetched  up  the  ark  ^^""   ' 

of  the  Lord,  and  brousrht  it  into  the  house  of  Abina-  Dr.  Wells,  vol.  ii.  in  loc.  ;  Bishop  Patrick  in  loo.; 

dab  in  the  hill,"  means  that  they  removed  it,  not  Horsley's  Bih.  Crit.  vol.  i.  p.  320;  Lightfoot. 


Part  V.] 


GOVERNMENT  OF  SAMUEL. 


391 


6  Ge.  35.  2. 
c  Ju.  2.  13. 
d  2  Ch.  30.  19. 

Job  II.  13,  14. 
e  De.  C.  13.  Mat. 

4.  10. 
/Ju.  2.  11. 
g  Ju.  20.  1.  2  Ki. 

25.23. 

h  2  Sa.  14.  14. 
t  Ne.  9.  1,  2.  Da. 

9.  3-5.  Joel  2. 

j  Ju.  10.  10.  1  Ki. 
8.  47.  Ps.  1013.  tj. 
k  Eccl.  46.  14. 


*  Heb.  Be  not 
silent  from  us 

from  crying.  Is. 
37.  4. 


I  Eccl.  46. 


.Je. 


m  Ps.  9 

15.  1. 
f  Or,  answered. 
n  See  Jos.  10.  10. 

Ju.4.15.  lSa.2. 

10.  2  Sa.  22.  14, 

15.  Eccl.  46.  17. 


0  Ge.  28.  18.  Jos. 

4.  9. 


t  Tliat  is.  The 
stone  of  help  : 
ISa.  4.  1. 


then  *put  away  the  strange  gods  and  'Ashtaroth  from  among  you,  and 
''prepare  your  hearts  unto  the  Lord,  and  'serve  him  only  ;  and  he  will 
deliver  you  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Philistines."  ^  Then  the  children  of 
Israel  did  put  away  •'Baalim  and  Ashtaroth,  and  served  the  Lord  only. 

^  And  Samuel  said,  "  Gather  "all  Israel  to  Mizpeh,  and  I  will  pray 
for  you  unto  the  Lord."  '^  And  they  gathered  together  to  Mizpeh,  and 
''drew  water,  and  poured  it  out  before  the  Lord,  and  'fasted  on  that 
day,  and  said  there,  "We •'have  sinned  against  the  Lord."  And 
*Samuel  judged  the  children  of  Israel  in  Mizpeh.  ^  And  when  the 
Phihstines  heard  that  the  children  of  Israel  were  gathered  together  to 
Mizpeh,  the  lords  of  the  Philistines  went  up  against  Israel.  And  when 
the  children  of  Israel  heard  it,  they  were  afraid  of  the  Philistines.  ^  And 
the  children  of  Israel  said  to  Samuel,  "  *Cease  not  to  cry  unto  the 
Lord  our  God  for  us,  that  he  will  save  us  out  of  the  hand  of  the 
Philistines." 

^  And  'Samuel  took  a  sucking  lamb,  and  offered  it  for  a  burnt  oficr- 
ing  wholly  unto  the  Lord  :  and  '"Samuel  cried  unto  the  Lord  for  Israel ; 
and  the  Lord  f  heard  him.  ^^  And  as  Samuel  was  offering  up  the  burnt 
offering,  the  Pliilistines  drew  near  to  battle  against  Israel :  "but  the 
Lord  thundered  with  a  great  thunder  on  that  day  upon  the  Philistines, 
and  discomfited  them  ;  and  they  were  smitten  before  Israel.  ^^  And  the 
men  of  Israel  went  out  of  Mizpeh,  and  pursued  the  Philistines,  and 
smote  them,  until  they  came  under  Beth-car.  ^~  Then  Samuel  "took  a 
stone,  and  set  it  between  Mizpeh  and  Shen,  and  called  the  name  of  it 
tEben-ezer,  saying,  "  Hitherto  hath  the  Lord  helped  us." 

1^  So  the  Philistines  were  subdued,  and  they  came  no  more  into  the 
coast  of  Israel ;  and  the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  against  the  Philistines 
all  the  days  of  Samuel.  ^**  And  the  cities  which  the  Phihstines  had  taken 
from  Israel  were  restored  to  Israel,  from  Ekron  even  unto  Gath  ;  and 
the  coasts  thereof  did  Israel  deliver  out  of  the  hands  of  the  Philistines. 
And  there  was  peace  between  Israel  and  the  Amorites.  ^^  And  Samuel 
judged  Israel  all  the  days  of  his  life.  ^^  And  he  went  from  year  to  year 
*in  circuit  to  Beth-el,  and  Gilgal,  and  Mizpeh,  and  judged  Israel  in  all 
those  places.  ^^  And  his  return  was  to  Ramah,  for  there  was  his  house  ; 
and  there  he  judged  Israel,  and  there  he  built  an  altar  unto  the  Lord. 

^And  it  came  to  pass,   when  Samuel   was  old,  that   he  i  Sam.  viii. 
^made  his 'sons  judges  over  Israel.  '-^Now   the  name  of  his 
firstborn  was  tJoel ;  and  the  name  of  his  second,  Abiah  :  they  were  judges 
in  Beer-sheba.  ^  And  his  sons  'walked  not  in  his  ways,  but  turned  aside 
'after  lucre,  and  'took  bribes,  and  perverted  judgment. 

"^Then  all  the  elders  of  Israel  gathered  themselves  together,  and 
came  to  Samuel  unto  Ramah,  ^and  said  unto  him,  "  Behold,  thou  art 
old,  and  thy  sons  walk  not  in  thy  ways  :  now  "make  us  a  king  to  judge 
us  like  all  the  '-"''nations."  '^  But  the  thing  tdispleased  Samuel,  when 
they  said,  "  Give  us  a  king  to  judge  us."  And  Samuel  prayed  unto  the 
Lord.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Samuel,  "  Hearken  unto  the  voice  of 
the  people  in  all  that  they  say  unto  thee  ;  for  "they  have  not  rejected 
thee,  but  "they  have  rejected  me,  that  I  should  not  reign  over  them. 
^  According  to  all  the  works  which  they  have  done  since  the  day  that 
I  brought  them  up  out  of  Egypt  even  unto  this  day,  wherewith  they  have 
forsaken  me,  and  served  other  gods,  so  do  they  also  unto  thee.  "  Now 
therefore  *hearken  unto  their   voice :  thowbeit   yet  protest    solemnly 

(2*)  The  La-ws  of  Moses  will  appear  to  be  drawn  quired  to  perform ;  and  Samuel,  at  the  coronation 

up  with  the  most  perfect  wisdom.     Knowing  the  of  Saul,  prepared  a  writing-  in  which  the  powers 

chano-eableness  of  the  human  mind,  he  had  antici-  and  privileges  of  the  sovereign  were  distmctly  laid 

pated°the  decision  to  which  the  people  had  now  ar-  down  ;  and  this  writing  was  carefully  deposited  in 

rived  by  demanding  a  king.     He  specifies,  therefore  the    sanctuary.      Vide    more    on    this   subject   m 

(Deut.  xvii.  14,  &c.),  the  duties  the  king  was  re-  Michaelis'  Commentary,  vol.  i.  art.  54  to  63. 


*  Heb.  and  he 
circuited. 

V  De.  16.  18. 
2  Cli.  19.  5. 

gSee  Ju.  10.4. 
&.  1-i.  14.  com- 
pare J  witb  J  u. 
5.  JU. 

f  Vashni,  1  Ch. 

6.28. 
r  Je.  22.  15-17. 
sEx.  18.21. 

1  Ti.  3.  3. 
t  De.  16.  19.  Ps. 

15.  5. 
uDe.  17.  14.  Ho, 

13.  10.  Ac.  13. 

21. 
J  Heb.  was  evil 

in  the  eijes  of 

Sa.nnei. 

V  See  Ex.  16.  8. 
w  1  Sa.  10.  19. 

Ho.  13.  10,  11. 

*  Or,  obey. 

f  Or,  notwith- 
standing when 
thou  hait  solemn- 
ly protested 
aga'nist  them, 
then  thou  shat 
show,  ^-c. 


392  SAUL  MADE  KING  OVER  ISRAEL.  [Period  IV. 

unto  them,  and  sliow  them  the  manner  of  the  king  that  shall  reign  over 
them." 

^^  And  Samuel  told  all  tlie  words  of  the  Lord  unto  the  people  that 

'ic^i^iiwU'  asked  of  him  a  king.  ^^  And  he  said,  "  This  ^will  be  the  manner  of  the 

yisa.  14. 52.  king  that  shall  reigu  over  you.  ^Ile  will  take  your  sons,  and  appoint 
them  for  himself,  for  his  chariots,  and  to  be  liis  horsemen  ;  and  some 
shall  run  before  his  chariots.  '-^  And  he  will  appoint  him  captains  over 
thousands,  and  captains  over  fifties;  and  will  set  them  to-ear  his  ground, 
and  to  reap  his  liarvest,  and  to  make  his  instruments  of  war,  and  in- 
struments of  his  chariots.  ^^  And  he  will  take  your  daughters  to  be 

^E^46.W.'  ^^^  confectionaries,  and  to  be  cooks,  and  to  be  bakers.  ^^  And  "^he  will 
take  your  fields,  and  your  vineyards,  and  your  oliveyards,  even  the 
best  of  them,  and  give  them  to  his  servants.  ^-"And  he  will  take  the 

^Ge.%"'^.''''^'  tenth  of  your  seed,  and  of  your  vineyards,  and  give  to  his  tofficers,  and 
to  his  servants.  ^*'  And  he  will  take  your  menservants,  and  your  maid- 
servants, and  your  goodliest  young  men,  and  your  asses,  and  put  them 
to  his  work.  ^"^  He  will  take  the  tenth  of  your  sheep  ;  and  ye  shall  be 
his  servants.  ^^  And  ye  shall  cry  out  in  that  day  because  of  your  king 

"u'l^'iFmc  3  ^'^ich  ye  shall  have  chosen  you;  and  the  Lord  "will  not  hear  you  in 

4''  '    ■ '  '  ■  "  that  day." 

J  Je.  44. 16.  19  jVevertheless  the  people  'refused  to  obey  the  voice  of  Samuel ;  and 

they  said,  "  Nay  ;  but  we  will  have  a  king  over  us  ;  ^'^  that  we  also 
may  be  like  all  the  nations ;  and  that  our  king  may  judge  us,  and  go 
out  before  us,  and  fight  our  battles."  ~^  And  Samuel  heard  all  the  words 
of  the  people,  and  he  rehearsed  them  in  the  ears  of  the  Lord.  ^'~  And 

c  Ho.  13. 11.  i\^Q  Lord  said  to  Samuel,  '•  Hearken  "^unto  their  voice,  and  make  them 
a  king."  And  Samuel  said  unto  the  men  of  Israel,  "  Go  ye  every  man 
unto  his  city." 


PART    VI. 

THE   REIGN   OF   SAUL. 
SECT.  I.  Section    I. — Saul  made  King  over  Israel. 

A.  M.  2909.  ^  Samuel  ix.  and  x. 

B.  C.  1095.         Said  despairing  to  find  his  father's  asses,  6  by  the  coiutsel  of  his  servant,  11  and  direction  of  young 

Hales   1110.  maidens,  16  according  to  God's  revelation,  IS  comelh  to  Samuel.     19  Samuel  entertainelh  Saul 

'         '  at  the  feast.     25  Samuel,  after  secret  communicatihn,  bringeth  Saul  on  his  way.-^Chhp.  x.  1 

Canaan.  Satnuel  anoinleth  Saul.     2  He  confirmeth  him  by  prediction  of  three  signs.     9  Saul's  heart  is 

chanoed,  and  he  prnphesieth.     H  He  concealeth  the  matter  of  the  kingdom  from  his  uncle.     17 

Sauiis  chosen  at  Mizpeh  by  lot.     26  The  different  affections  of  his  sub/ects. 

aisa.  14.51.  ^  Now  thcrc  was  a  man  of  Benjamin,  whose  name  was  "Kish,  the 

9. 39.'  '    ■        son  of  Abiel,  the  son  of  Zeror,  the  son  of  Bechorath,  tlieson  of  Aphiah, 
*oi,t!iesoni.fa   *a  Beiijamite,  a  mighty  man  oftpower.  -And  he  had   a  son,  whose 
^  Or,  subaiance.     namc  was  Saul,  a  choice  young  man,  and  a  goodly;  and  there  was  not 
among  the  children  of  Israel  a  goodlier  person  than  he;  from  his  shoul- 
ders and  upward  he  was  higher  than  any  of  the  people. 

^  And  the  as.ses  of  Kish,  Saul's  father,  were  lost.    And  Kish  said  to 
Saul  his  son,  '■  Take  now  one  of  the  servants  with  thee,  and  arise,  go 
seek  the  asses."  '^  And  he  ])assed  through  Mount  Ephraim,  and  passed 
62Ki.4.  12.        through  the  land  of ''Slialisha,  but  they  found  them  not;  then  they 
l)assed  through  the  land  of  Shalim,  and  there  they  were  not ;  and  he 
passed  through  the  land  of  the  Benjamites.  but  they  found  them  not. 
^  And  wlien  they  were  come  to  the  land  of  Zuph,  Saul  said  to  his  ser- 
vant that  was  with  him,  "  Come,  and  let  us  return  ;  lest  my  father  leave 
caring  for  the  asses,  and  take  thought  for  us."   ^  And  he  said  unto  him, 
Sa'^'i''''' ''  '  ^''  ''  1^^''^'^';  now,  there  is  in  this  city  "a  man  of  God,  and  he  is  an  honor- 
d  1  sa.  :i.  19.       able  man  ;  ''all  that  he  saith  cometh  surely  to  pass  :  now  let  us  go  thither  ; 
c  Pec  Ju.  G.  18.  &  peradventure  he  can  show  us  our  way  that  we  should  go."  ''Then  said 

13.  17.  IKi.  K      '  -  - 

3.  2  Ki.  4.  42. 


Part  VI.] 


SAUL  MADE  KING  OVER  ISRAEL. 


393 


man  ?  for  the  bread  lis  spent  in  our  vessels,  and  there  is  not  a  present 
to  bring  to  the  man  of  God  :  what  *have  we  ? "  ^  And  the  servant 
answered  Saul  again,  and  said,  "  Behold,  tl  have  here  at  hand  the  fourth 
part  of  a  shekel  of  silver  ;  that  will  I  give  to  the  man  of  God,  to  tell  us 
our  way."  ^  (Beforetime  in  Israel,  when  a  man  -^went  to  inquire  of  God, 
thus  he  spake,  "  Come,  and  let  us  go  to  the  seer : "  for  he  that  is  now 
called  a  Prophet  was  beforetime  catled  °'a  Seer.)  ^°  Then  said  Saul  to 
his  servant,  "  tWell  said  ;  come,  let  us  go."  So  they  went  unto  the 
city  where  the  man  of  God  was. 

11  And  as  they  went  up  *  the  hill  to  the  city, '' they  found  young 
maidens  going  out  to  draw  water,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Is  the  seer 
here  ?  "  ^~  And  they  answered  them,  and  said,  "  He  is ;  behold,  he  is 
before  you  :  make  haste  now,  for  he  came  to-day  to  the  city  ;  for  there 
is  a  tsacrifice  of  the  people  to-day  4n  the  high  place.  ^^  As  soon  as  ye 
be  come  into  the  city,  ye  shall  straightway  find  him,  before  he  go  up 
to  the  high  place  to  eat :  for  the  people  will  not  eat  until  he  come, 
because  he  doth  bless  the  sacrifice  ;  and  afterwards  they  eat  that  be 
bidden.  Now  therefore  get  you  up  ;  for  about  tthis  time  ye  shall  find 
him."  i"*  And  they  went  up  into  the  city ;  and  when  they  were  come 
into  the  city,  behold,  Samuel  came  out  against  them,  for  to  go  up  to 
the  high  place. 

i^Now^the  LoKD  had  *told  Samuel  in  his  ear  a  day  before  Saul 
came,  saying,  ^^  "  To-morrow  about  this  time  I  will  send  thee  a  man 
out  of  the  land  of  Benjamin,  and  thou  shalt  anoint  him  to  be  captain 
over  my  people  Israel,  that  he  may  save  my  people  out  of  the  hand  of 
the  Philistines ;  for  I  have  Mooked  upon  my  people,  because  their  cry 
is  come  unto  me."  "  And  when  Samuel  saw  Saul,  the  Lord  said  unto 
him,  "  Behold  'the  man  whom  I  spake  to  thee  of!  this  same  shall  treign 
over  my  people."  i**  Then  Saul  drew  near  to  Samuel  in  the  gate,  and 
said,  "  Tell  me,  I  pray  thee,  where  the  seer's  house  is."  ^^  And  Samuel 
answered  Saul,  and  said,  "  I  am  the  seer  :  go  up  before  me  unto  the 
high  place ;  for  ye  shall  eat  with  me  to-day,  and  to-morrow  I  will  let 
thee  go,  and  will  tell  thee  all  that  is  in  thy  heart.  ^^  And  as  for  thine 
asses  that  were  lost  tthree  days  ago,  set  not  thy  mind  on  them  ;  for 
they  are  found.  And  on  whom  '"is  all  the  desire  of  Israel  ?  is  it  not  on 
thee,  and  on  all  thy  father's  house  ?  "  -^  And  Saul  answered  and  said, 
"  Am  "not  I  a  Benjamite,  of  the  "smallest  of  the  tribes  of  Israel  ?  and 
^'my  family  the  least  of  all  the  families  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin  ?  where- 

* Heh. according    fore  thcu  spcakcst  thou  *so  to  me?" 

to  this  word.  22  And  Samuel  took  Saul  and  his  servant,  and  brought  them  into  the 

parlor,  and  made  them  sit  in  the  chiefest  place  among  them  that  were 
bidden,  which  were  about  thirty  persons.  "^  And  Samuel  said  unto  the 
cook,  '^  Bring  the  portion  which  I  gave  thee,  of  which  I  said  unto  thee, 
'  Set  it  by  thee.'  "  ~*  And  the  cook  took  up  'the  shoulder,  and  that 
which  was  upon  it,  and  set  it  before  Saul.  And  Samuel  said,  "  Behold 
that  which  is  tleft !  set  it  before  thee,  and  eat :  for  unto  this  time  hath 
it  been  kept  for  thee  since  I  said,  I  have  invited  the  people."  So  Saul 
did  eat  with  Samuel  that  day. 

2^  And  when  they  were  come  down  from  the  high  place  into  the  city, 
Samuel  communed  with  Saul  upon  'the  top  of  the  house.  ^^  And  they 
arose  early  :  and  it  came  to  pass  about  the  spring  of  the  day,  that 
Samuel  called  Saul  to  the  top  of  the  house,  saying,  "  Up,  that  I  may 
send  thee  away."  And  Saul  arose,  and  they  went  out  both  of  them, 
he  and  Samuel,  abroad.  ^^  And  as  they  were  going  down  to  the  end 
of  the  city,  Samuel  said  to  Saul,  "  Bid  the  servant  pass  on  before  us, 
(and  he  passed  on,)  but  stand  thou  still  ta  while,  that  I  may  show  thee 
the  word  of  God." 

50 


J  Heb.  is  gone 

of,  ^-c. 
*  Heb.  is  with  us. 
f  Heb.  there  is 

found  in  mij 

hand. 
/Ge.  25.22. 


£-2Sa.  24.  11. 
2  Ki.  17.  13. 

1  Ch.  2J.  28. 

2  Ch.  10.  7,  10. 
Is.  30.  10.  Am. 
7.  12. 

J  Heb.  Tliy  word 
is  good. 

*  Heb.  in  the  as- 
cent of  the  city. 

h  Ge.  24.  11. 

t  Or,  feast.  Ge. 
31.54.  1  Sa. 
Iti.  2. 


X  Heb.  to-day. 


j  1  Sa.  15.  1.  Ac. 
13.21. 

*  Heb.  revealed 
the  ear  of  Samu- 
el. 1  Sa.  20.  2. 


I  1  Sa.  16. 12.  Ho. 

13.  U. 
t  Heb.  restrain 


J  Heb.  to-day 

three  days. 
m  1  Sa.  8.  5,  19. 

&  12.  13. 

n  1  Sa.  15.  17. 
0  Ju.  20.  46-48. 
p  See  Ju.  6.  15. 


q  Le.  7.  32,  33. 
Ez.  24.  4. 


f  Or,  reserved. 


r  De.  22.  8.  2  Sa. 
11.  2.  Ac.  10.  9. 


X  Heb.  to-day. 


394 


SAUL  MADE  KING  OVER  ISRAEL. 


[Period  IV. 


a  1  Sa.  16.  13. 
2  Ki.  9.  3,  6. 
t  Ps.  2.  12. 
u  Ac.  13.  21. 
V  De.  32.  9. 
w  Ge.  35.  19,  S 


t  Heh.  ask  tJice  of 
peace :  ti8  Ju. 
18.  15. 

y  1  Sa.  13.  3. 


I  Ex.  15.  20,  21. 

1  Co.  14.  1. 
oNu.  11.25.1Sa. 

16.  13. 
b  1  Sa.  19.  23,  24. 
J  Heb.  it  shall 

come  to  pass,  that 

when  tliese  si^s, 

4-c. 
c  Ex.  4.  8.  Lu. 

2.12. 
*  Heb.  do  for  thee 

as  thy  hand  sliaU 
find.  Ju.  9.  33. 
dJu.  6.  12. 
e  1  Sa.  11.  14,  15. 

&.  13.  4,  8. 
■f  Heb.  shoulder. 
X  Heb.  turned. 
/I  Sa.  19.  20. 


*  Heb.  a  man  to 

his  neighbour. 
g  1  Sa.  19.  24. 

Mat.  13.  54,  55. 

Jo.  7.  15.  Ac.  4. 

13. 
•f  Heb.  from 

thence, 
h  Is.  54.  13.  Jo. 

6.  45.  &.  7.  16. 


j  Jos.  7.  14,  16, 
17.  Ac.  1.  24, 


^Then  'Samuel  took  a  vial  of  oil,  and  poured  it  upon  his  i  Sam.x. 
head,  'and  kissed  him,  and  said,  "  Is  it  not  because  "the  Lord 
hath  anointed  thee  to  be  captain  over  "his  inheritance  ?  ^  When  thou 
art  departed  from  me  to-day,  then  thou  shalt  find  two  men  by  "Rachel's 
sepulchre  in  the  border  of  Benjamin  at  Zelzah  ;  and  tiiey  will  say  unto 
thee.  The  asses  which  thou  wentest  to  seek  are  found :  and,  lo,  thy 
father  hath  left  *the  care  of  the  asses,  and  sorroweth  for  you,  saying. 
What  shall  I  do  for  my  son  ?  ^  Then  shalt  thou  go  on  forward  from 
thence,  and  thou  shalt  come  to  the  plain  of  Tabor,  and  there  shall  meet 
thee  three  men  going  up  "^to  God  to  Beth-el,  one  carrying  three  kids, 
and  another  carrying  three  loaves  of  bread,  and  another  carrying  a 
bottle  of  wine  :  '^  and  they  will  fsalute  thee,  and  give  thee  two  loaves 
of  bread  ;  which  thou  shalt  receive  of  their  hands.  ^  After  that  thou 
shalt  come  to  ^the  hill  of  God,  where  is  the  garrison  of  the  Philistines  : 
and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  thou  art  come  thither  to  the  city,  that 
thou  shalt  meet  a  company  of  prophets  coming  down  from  the  high 
place  with  a  psaltery,  and  a  tablet,  and  a  pipe,  and  a  harp,  before  them  ; 
"and  they  shall  prophesy.  ^  And  "the  Spirit  of  the  TiORD  will  come  upon 
thee,  and  'thou  shalt  prophesy  with  them,  and  shalt  be  turned  into 
another  man.  '  And  llet  it  be,  when  these  "signs  are  come  unto  thee, 
*that  thou  do  as  occasion  shall  serve  thee  ;  for  "^God  is  with  thee.  ®  And 
thou  shalt  go  down  before  me  'to  Gilgal ;  and,  behold,  I  will  come  down 
unto  thee,  to  offer  burnt  offerings,  and  to  sacrifice  sacrifices  of  peace 
offerings  :  seven  days  shalt  thou  tarry,  till  I  come  to  thee,  and  show 
thee  what  thou  shalt  do." 

^  And  it  was  so,  that  when  he  had  turned  his  tback  to  go  from 
Samuel,  God  Igave  him  another  heart ;  and  all  those  signs  came  to 
pass  that  day.  ^^  And  when  they  came  thither  to  the  hill,  behold,  -^a 
company  of  prophets  met  him  ;  and  the  Spirit  of  God  came  upon  him, 
and  he  prophesied  among  them.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  all  that 
knew  him  beforetime  saw  that,  behold,  he  prophesied  among  the  proph- 
ets, then  the  people  said  *one  to  another,  "  What  is  this  that  is  come 
unto  the  son  of  Kish  ?  ^is  Saul  also  among  the  prophets  ?  "  ^^  And  one 
tof  the  same  place  answered  and  said,  "  But  '"who  is  their  father  ?  " 
Therefore  it  became  a  proverb,  "  Is  Saul  also  among  the  prophets  ?  " 
^•^  And  when  he  had  made  an  end  of  prophesying,  he  came  to  the  higli 
place. 

^*  And  Saul's  uncle  said  unto  him  and  to  his  servant,  "  Whither  went 
ye? "  And  he  said,  '•  To  seek  the  asses  ;  and  when  we  saw  that  they 
were  no  where,  we  came  to  Samuel."  ^^  And  SauFs  uncle  said,  "  Tell 
me,  I  pray  thee,  what  Samuel  said  unto  you."  ^^  And  Saul  said  unto 
his  uncle,  "  He  told  us  plainly  that  the  asses  were  found."  But  of  the 
matter  of  the  kingdom,  whereof  Samuel  spake,  he  told  him  not. 

^^  And  Samuel  called  the  people  together  unto  the  Lord  to  Mizpeh  ; 
^^and  said  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of 
Israel,  '  I  brought  up  Israel  out  of  Egypt,  and  delivered  you  out  of  the 
hand  of  the  Egyptians,  and  out  of  the  hand  of  all  kingdoms,  and  of 
them  that  oppressed  you  :  '  ^■'  and  'ye  have  this  day  rejected  your  God, 
who  himself  saved  you  out  of  all  your  adversities  and  your  tribulations  ; 
and  ye  have  said  unto  him,  '  Nay,  but  set  a  king  over  us.'  Now  there- 
fore present  yourselves  before  the  Lord  by  your  tribes,  and  by  your 
thousands."  ^^  And  when  Samuel  had  ^caused  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  to 
come  near,  the  tribe  of  Benjamin  was  taken.  ~^  When  he  had  caused 
the  tribe  of  Benjamin  to  come  near  by  their  families,  tlie  family  of 
Matri  was  taken,  and  Saul  the  son  of  Kish  was  taken  ;  and  when  they 
sought  him,  he  could  not  be  found.  -Therefore  they  inquired  of  the 
Lord  further,  if  the  man  should  yet  come   thither.    And   the  Lord 


SAUL  DEFEATS  THE  AMMONITES, 


395 


X  Heb.  Let  tli''_ 
king  live.  1  Ki. 

I.  25,  39.  2  Ki. 

II.  12. 

k  See  De.  17.  14. 

&c.  1  Sa.  8.  11. 
I  2  Sa.  8.  2.  1  Ki. 

4.  21.  &  10.  25. 

2  Ch.  17.  5.  Ps. 

72.  10.  Mat.  2. 

11. 
*  Or,  he  was  as 

though  he  had 

ieen  deaf. 


SECT.  ir. 

A.  M.2909. 

B.  C.  1095. 

Hales,  1110. 

Jabesh-gilead. 


a  Ge.  26.  28.  Ex. 
23. 32.  1  Ki.  20. 
34.  Job  41.  4. 
Ez.  17.  13. 


answered, ''  Behold,  he  hath  hid  himself  among  the  stuff."  -^  And  they 
ran  and  fetched  him  thence ;  and  when  he  stood  among  the  people,  he 
was  higher  than  any  of  the  people  from  his  shoulders  and  upward. 
^^  And  Samuel  said  to  all  the  people,  "  See  ye  him  whom  the  Lord 
hath  chosen,  that  there  is  none  like  him  among  all  the  people  ?  "  And 
all  the  people  shouted,  and  said,  "  tGod  save  the  king!"  ^^ Then 
Samuel  told  the  people  *the  manner  of  the  kingdom,  and  wrote  it  in 
a  book,  and  laid  it  up  before  the  Lord.  And  Samuel  sent  all  the 
people  away,  every  man  to  his  house. 

^"And  Saul  also  went  home  to  Gibeah;  and  there  went  with  him  a 
band  of  men,  whose  hearts  God  had  touched.  ~^  But  the  children  of 
Belial  said,  "  How  shall  this  man  save  us?"  And  they  despised  him, 
'and  brought  him  no  presents.    But  *he  held  his  peace. 

Section  II. — Saul  defeats  the  Ammonites  ; — SamzieVs  Exhortation. 
1  Samuel  xi.  and  xii. 
Nahash  offereth  them  of  Jabesh-gilead  a  reproachful  condition.     4  They  send  messengers,  and  are 
delivered  by    Saul.      12  Saul  thereby  is  confirmed,  and  his  kingdom  renewed.  —  Chap.  xii.  1 
Samuel  testifeth  his  integrity.     6  He  reproveth  the  people  of  ingratitude.     16  He  terrifeth  them 
with  thunder  in  harvest  time.     20  He  comforteth  them  in  God's  mercy. 

^  Then  Nahash  the  Ammonite  came  up,  and  encamped  against  Ja- 
besh-gilead :  and  all  the  men  of  Jabesh  said  unto  Nahash,  "  Make  "a 
covenant  with  us,  and  we  will  serve  thee."  ^  And  Nahash  the  Am- 
monite answered  them,  "  On  this  condition  will  I  make  a  covenant 
with  you,  that  I  may  thrust  out  all  your  right  eyes,  and  lay  it  for  ^a 
reproach  upon  all  Israel."  ^  And  the  elders  of  Jabesh  said  unto  him, 
"  *Give  us  seven  days'  respite,  that  we  may  send  messengers  unto  all 
the  coasts  of  Israel  ;  and  then,  if  there  be  no  man  to  save  us,  we  will 
come  out  to  thee." 

"*  Then  came  the  messengers  to  Gibeah  of  Saul,  and  told  the  tidings 
in  the  ears  of  the  people  ;  and  'all  the  people  lifted  up  their  voices, 
and  wept.  ^  And,  behold,  Saul  came  after  the  herd  out  of  the  field ; 
and  Saul  said,  "  What  aileth  the  people  that  they  weep  ?  "  And  they 
told  him  the  tidings  of  the  men  of  Jabesh.  ^  And  ''the  Spirit  of  God 
came  upon  Saul  when  he  heard  those  tidings,  and  his  anger  was  kin- 
dled greatly.  ^  And  he  took  a  yoke  of  oxen,  and  'hewed  them  in  pieces, 
and  sent  them  throughout  all  the  coasts  of  Israel  by  the  hands  of  mes- 
sengers, saying,  "  Whosoever  •'^cometh  not  forth  after  Saul  and  after 
Samuel,  so  shall  it  be  done  unto  his  oxen."  And  the  fear  of  the  Lord  fell 
on  the  people,  and  they  came  out  twith  one  consent.  ^And  when  he 
numbered  them  in  Bezek,  the  children  ^of  Israel  were  three  hundred 
thousand,  and  the  men  of  Judah  thirty  thousand. 

^  And  they  said  unto  the  messengers  that  came,  "  Thus  shall  ye  say 
unto  the  men  of  Jabesh-gilead,  To-morrow,  by  that  time  the  sun  be 
hot,  ye  shall  have  thelp."  And  the  messengers  came  and  showed  it  to 
the  men  of  Jabesh  ;  and  they  were  glad.  i°  Therefore  the  men  of  Ja- 
besh said,  "  To-morrow  we  will  come  out  unto  you,  and  ye  shall  do  with 
us  all  that  seemeth  good  unto  you."  ^^  And  it  was  so  on  the  morrow, 
that  Saul  put  the  people  in  three  companies ;  and  they  came  into  the 
midst  of  the  host  in  the  morning  watch,  and  slew  the  Ammonites  until 
the  heat  of  the  day :  and  it  came  to  pass,  that  they  which  remained 
were  scattered,  so  that  two  of  them  were  not  left  together. 

^'^  And  the  people  said  unto  Samuel,  "  Who  Ss  he  that  said,  '  Shall 
Saul  reign  over  us  ?'  'bring  the  men,  that  we  may  put  them  to  death." 
13  And  Saul  said,  "  There  ^shall  not  a  man  be  put  to  death  this  day  ;  for 
to-day  Hhe  Lord  hath  wrought  salvation  in  Israel."  ^'^  Then  said  Sam- 
uel to  the  people,  "  Come,  and  let  us  go  to  Gilgal,  and  renew  the  king- 
dom there."  ^^  And  all  the  people  went  to  Gilgal ;  and  there  they  made 


396 


SAMUEL'S  EXHORTATION. 


[Period  IV. 


m  1  Sa.  8.  5,  19, 
20. 


n  iVu.  16.  15. 
Ac.  20.  33. 
1  Thes.  2.  5. 

*  Heb.  ransom. 
t  Or,  t)iat  I  should 


0  John  18.  38. 

Ac.  23.  9.  &.  24. 

16,  20. 
p  Ex.  ^.  4. 
g  Mic.  6.  4. 
:{  Or,  made. 
r  U.  1.  18.  iMic. 

6.  2,  3. 
*  Heb.  righteous- 

jUslsL  b.  11. 
t  Heb.  with, 
s  Ge.  46.  5,  6. 
t  Ex.  2.  23. 
tt  E.X.  3.  10. 
V  Ju.  3.  7. 
10  Ju.  4.  2. 
z  Ju.  10.  7.  &  13. 

1. 
1/  Ju.  3.  12. 
2  Ju.  10.  10. 
aJu.  2.  13. 
6Ju.  10.  15,  16. 
e  Ju.  6.  14,  32. 
din.  11.  1. 
e  1  Sa.  7.  13. 


fl  Sa.  8.  3,  19. 
g  Ju.  8.  23.  1  Sa. 

8.7. 

ft  Ho.  13.  11. 
i  Jos.  24.  14.  Ps. 

81.  13,  14. 
X  Heb.  mouth. 


*  Heb.  be  after. 
j  Le.  26.  14,  15, 

&.C. 


tEx.  14.  13,31. 
iPr.26.  1. 
mJa.  5.16-18. 


I  See  Ezra  10.  9, 


o  y,.  5.  15.  1  Jo. 
5.  16. 


p  Jc.  16.  19.  Ha. 
2.  18.  1  Co.  8.  4 


Saul  king  'before  the  Lord  in  Gilgal ;  and  there  they  sacrificed  sacri- 
fices of  peace  offerings  before  the  Lord  ;  and  there  Saul  and  all  the 
men  of  Israel  rejoiced  greatly. 

^  And  Samuel  said  unto  all  Israel,  "  Behold  I  have  heark-  i  Sam.  xii. 
ened  unto  "'your  voice  in  all  that  ye  said  unto  me,  and  have 
made  a  king  over  you.  -And  now,  behold,  tlie  king  walketh  before  you  : 
and  I  am  old  and  gray-headed  ;  and,  behold,  my  sons  are  with  you  ;  and 
I  have  walked  before  you  from  my  childhood  unto  this  day.  ^Behold, 
here  I  am  !  witness  against  me  before  the  Lord,  and  before  his  Anoint- 
ed :  "whose  o.x  have  I  taken  ?  or  whose  ass  have  I  taken  ?  or  whom 
have  I  defrauded  ?  whom  have  I  oppressed  ?  or  of  whose  hand  have  I 
received  any  *bribe  tto  blind  mine  eyes  therewith  ?  and  I  will  restore  it 
you."  "*  And  they  said,  "  Thou  hast  not  defrauded  us,  nor  oppressed 
us,  neither  hast  thou  taken  aught  of  any  man's  hand."  ^  And  he  said 
unto  them,  "  The  Lord  is  witness  against  you,  and  his  Anointed  is 
witness  this  day,  "that  ye  have  not  found  aught  ^in  my  hand  !  "  And 
they  answered,  "  He  is  witness!  " 

^  And  Samuel  said  unto  the  people,  "  It  'is  the  Lord  that  tadvanced 
Moses  and  Aaron,  and  that  brought  your  fathers  up  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt.  '^  Now  therefore  stand  still,  that  I  may  '^reason  with  you  before 
the  Lord,  of  all  the  *righteous  acts  of  the  Lord,  which  he  did  tto  you 
and  to  your  fathers.  ^  When  ^Jacob  was  come  into  Egypt,  and  your 
fathers  'cried  unto  the  Lord,  then  the  Lord  "sent  Moses  and  Aaron, 
which  brought  forth  your  fathers  out  of  Egypt,  and  made  them  dwell 
in  this  place.  ''  And  when  they  'forgat  the  Lord  their  God,  "he  sold 
them  into  the  hand  of  Sisera,  captain  of  the  host  of  Hazor,  and  into 
the  hand  of  ''the  Philistines,  and  into  the  hand  of  the  king  ^of  Moab, 
and  they  fought  against  them.  ^°  And  they  cried  unto  the  Lord,  and 
said,  '  We  ""have  sinned,  because  we  have  forsaken  the  Lord,  "and  have 
served  Baalim  and  Ashtaroth  ;  but  now  Meliver  us  out  of  the  hand  of 
our  enemies,  and  we  will  serve  thee.'  ^^  And  the  Lord  sent  'Jerubbaal, 
and  Bedan,  and  "^Jephthah,  and  'Samuel,  and  delivered  you  out  of  the 
hand  of  your  enemies  on  every  side,  and  ye  dwelled  safe.  ^~  And  when 
ye  saw  that  Nahash  the  king  of  the  children  of  Amnion  came  against 
you,  -^ye  said  unto  me,  '  Nay  ;  but  a  king  shall  reign  over  us : '  when 
^the  Lord  your  God  was  your  king.  ^^  Now  therefore,  behold  the  king 
whom  ye  have  chosen,  and  whom  ye  have  desired  !  and,  behold,  ''the 
Lord  hath  set  a  king  over  you  !  ^''If  ye  will 'fear  the  Lord,  and  serve 
him,  and  obey  his  voice,  and  not  rebel  against  the  Icommandment  of 
the  Lord,  then  shall  both  ye  and  also  the  king  that  reigneth  over  you 
*continue  following  the  Lord  your  God  ;  ^^  but  if  ye  wilPnot  obey  the 
voice  of  the  Lord,  but  rebel  against  the  commandment  of  the  Lord, 
then  shall  the  hand  of  the  Lord  be  against  you,  as  it  was  against  your 
fathers." 

16  a  j^Q^y  therefore  'stand  and  see  this  great  thing,  which  the  Lord 
will  do  before  your  eyes.  ^"^  Is  it  not  'wheat  harvest  to-day  ?  '"I  will  call 
unto  the  Lord,  and  he  shall  send  thunder  and  rain  ;  that  ye  may  per- 
ceive and  see  that  your  wickedness  is  great  which  ye  have  done  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord,  in  asking  you  a  king."  ^^  So  Samuel  called  unto  the 
Lord  ;  and  the  Lord  sent  thunder  and  rain  that  day  :  "and  all  the  peo- 
ple greatly  feared  the  Lord  and  Samuel.  ^'^  And  all  the  people  said  unto 
Samuel,  "  Pray  "for  thy  servants  unto  the  Lord  thy  God,  that  we  die 
not ;  for  we  have  added  unto  all  our  sins  this  evil,  to  ask  us  a  king." 

2°  And  Samuel  said  unto  the  people,  "  Fear  not ;  ye  have  done  all 

this  wickedness  ;  yet  turn  not  aside  from  following  the  Lord,  but  serve 

the  Lord  with  all  your   heart.  ~^  And  turn   ye   not  aside  ;  ''for  then 

■  should  ye  go  after  vain  things,  which  cannot  profit  nor  deliver,  for  they 


Part  V.] 


SAUL  AND  JONATHAN  DEFEAT  THE  PHILISTINES. 


397 


q  1  Ki.  6.  13. 
r  Ps.  ]08.  8.  Je. 

14.21. 
«De.  7.7,8.  Mai. 

1.  2. 
t  Heb.  from 

ceasing.  Ac.  12. 

5.  Ro.  1.  9.  Col. 

1.  9.  2Ti.  1.3. 
t  Ps.  34.  11.  Pr. 

4.  11. 
n  Je.  6.  16. 
V  Ec.  12.  13. 
t  Or,  wliat  a  great 

tJihtsr,  Sfc.  Be. 

10.  21. 


SECT.   III. 

A.  M.  2911. 

B.  C.  1093. 
Hales,  1106. 

Gibeah. 


*  Heb.  the  son  of 

one  year  in  his 
reigning. 


\  Or,  the  hill. 


\  Heb.  did  slink. 
Ge.  34.  30. 


*  Heb.  trembled 

after  him. 
b  1  Sa.  10.  8. 


t  Heb.  bless  hnn. 


\  Heb.  entreated 
the  face. 


c  Ge.  31.  23. 
d  ISa.  15.  11 


e  1  Sa.  15.  S8. 
fPs.  89.  -20.  Ac. 
13.  22. 


are  vain.  ~- For  hhe  Lord  will  not  forsake  his  people  'for  his  great 
name's  sake  ;  because  'it  hath  pleased  the  Lord  to  make  you  his  peo- 
ple. ~3  Moreover  as  for  me,  God  forbid  that  I  should  sin  against  the 
Lord  tin  ceasing  to  pray  for  you  ;  but  'I  will  teach  you  the  "good  and  the 
right  way.  ~^  Only  "fear  the  Lord,  and  serve  him  in  truth  with  all  your 
heart ;  for  consider  Ihow  great  things  he  hath  done  for  you.  ^^  But  if  ye 
shall  still  do  wickedly,  ye  shall  be  consumed,  both  ye  and  your  king." 

Section  III. — Smd  and  Jonathan  defeat  the  Philistines  at  Gibeah  : — Saul's 

Family. 

1  Samuel  xiii.  and  xiv. 

Saul's  selected  band.  3  He  calleth  the  Hebrews  to  Gilgal  against  the  Philistines,  whose  garrison 
Jonathan  had  smiUen.  5  The  Philistines'  great  host.  6  The  distress  of  the  Israelites.  8  Saul, 
iveary  of  staijing  for  Savmel,  sacrifceth.  11  Samuel  reproveth  him.  17  The  tliree  spoiling  bands 
of  the  Philistines.  19  The  policy  of  the  Philistines  to  suffer  no  smith  in  Israel.  —  Chap.  xiv.  1 
Jonathan,  unwitting  to  his  father,  the  priest,  or  the  people,  goeth  and  miraculously  smiteth  the 
Philistines'  garrison.  13  A  divine  terror  maketh  them  beat  tliemselves.  17  Saul,  not  staying  the 
priest's  answer,  setteth  on  them.  21  The  captivated  Hebrews  and  the  hidden  Israelites  join 
against  them.  24  Saul's  unadvised  adjuration  hindereth  the  victory.  32  He  restraineth  the 
people  from  eating  blood.  35  He  bnildeth  an  altar.  36  Jonathan,  taken  by  lot,  is  saved  by  the 
people.    47  Saul's  strength  and  family. 

^  Saul  *reigned  one  year ;  and  when  he  had  reigned  two  years 
over  Israel,  ^  Saul  chose  him  three  thousand  men  of  Israel  ;  whereof 
two  thousand  were  with  Saul  in  Michmash  and  in  Mount  Beth-el,  and 
a  thousand  were  with  Jonathan  in  Gibeah  of  Benjamin  ;  and  the  rest 
of  the  people  he  sent  every  man  to  his  tent.  ^  And  Jonathan  smote  the 
garrison  of  the  Philistines  that  was  in  tGeba,  and  the  Philistines  heard 
of  it.  And  Saul  blew  the  trumpet  throughout  all  the  land,  saying, 
"  Let  the  Hebrews  hear."  "*  And  all  Israel  heard  say  that  Saul  had 
smitten  a  garrison  of  the  Philistines,  and  that  Israel  also  Iwas  had  in 
abomination  with  the  Philistines.  And  the  people  were  called  together 
after  Saul  to  Gilgal. 

^  And  the  Philistines  gathered  themselves  together  to  fight  with  Israel, 
thirty  thousand  chariots,  and  six  thousand  horsemen,  and  people  as  the 
sand  which  is  on  the  seashore  in  multitude  ;  and  they  came  up,  and 
pitched  in  Michmash,  eastward  from  Beth-aven.  ^^When  the  men  of 
Israel  saw  that  they  were  in  a  strait  (for  the  people  were  distressed), 
then  the  people  "did  hide  themselves  in  caves,  and  in  thickets,  and  in 
rocks,  and  in  high  places,  and  in  pits,  ''  And  some  of  the  Hebrews  went 
over  Jordan  to  the  land  of  Gad  and  Gilead.  As  for  Saul,  he  was  yet 
in  Gilgal,  and  all  the  people  *  followed  him  trembling. 

^  And  Mie  tarried  seven  days,  according  to  the  set  time  that  Samuel 
had  appointed  :  but  Samuel  came  not  to  Gilgal ;  and  the  people  were 
scattered  from  him.  ^  And  Saul  said,  "  Bring  hither  a  burnt  offering  to 
me,  and  peace  offerings."  And  he  offered  the  burnt  offering.  ^°  And 
it  came  to  pass,  that  as  soon  as  he  had  made  an  end  of  offering  the 
burnt  oflfering,  behold,  Samuel  came  ;  and  Saul  went  out  to  meet  him, 
that  he  migiit  t.salute  him. 

11  And  Samuel  said,  "  What  hast  thou  done  ?"  And  Saul  said,  "  Be- 
cause I  saw  that  the  people  were  scattered  from  me,  and  that  thou 
camest  not  within  the  days  appointed,  and  that  the  Philistines  gathered 
themselves  together  at  Michmash  ;  ^^  therefore  said  I,  The  Philistines 
will  come  down  now  upon  me  to  Gilgal,  and  I  have  not  tmade  suppli- 
cation unto  the  Lord  :  I  forced  myself  therefore,  and  offered  a  burnt 
oflfering."  ^^And  Samuel  said  to  Saul,  "  Thou  'hast  done  foolishly  :  "thou 
hast  not  kept  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  thy  God,  which  he  com- 
manded thee  ;  for  now  would  the  Lord  have  established  thy  kingdom 
upon  Israel  for  ever.  ^'^  But  'now  thy  kingdom  shall  not  continue  ;  -^the 
Lord  hath  sought  him  a  man  after  his  own  heart,  and  the  Lord  hath 
commanded  him  to  be  captain  over  his  people,  because  thou  hast  not 

2h 


398 


SAUL  AND  JONATHAN  DEFEAT  THE  PHILISTINES.     [Period  IV. 


f  Heb.  found. 
■f  Heb.GcioA,  ver. 


g  See  9  Ki.  24. 
14.  Je.  21.  i. 


*  Hob.  to  set. 
ASoJu.  5.  8. 


t  Or,  standing 

camp. 
X  Or,  there  was  a 

day. 


i  1  Sa.  2-2.  9,  11, 
20,  called  Aliim- 
elcch. 


i  Ju.  7.  4,  7. 
2Ch.  14.  n. 
1  Mac.  3.  18. 


t  Heb. 


I  See  Ge.  21.  14. 
Ju.  7.  11. 


kept  that  which  the  Lord  commanded  thee."  ^^  And  Samuel  arose, 
and  gat  him  up   from  Gilgal  unto  Gibeali  of  Benjamin. 

And  Saul  numbered  the  people  that  were  *  present  with  him,  about 
six  hundred  men.  ^'^  And  Saul,  and  Jonathan  his  son,  and  the  people 
that  were  present  with  them,  abode  in  tGibeah  of  Benjamin :  but  the 
Philistines  encamped  in  Michmash. 

1^  And  the  spoilers  came  out  of  the  camp  of  the  Philistines  in  three 
companies  ;  one  company  turned  unto  the  way  that  leadeth  to  Ophrah, 
unto  the  land  of  Shual ;  ^^  and  another  company  turned  the  way  to 
Beth-horon  ;  and  another  company  turned  to  the  way  of  the  border 
that  looketh  to  the  valley  of  Zeboim  toward  the  wilderness. 

^^  Now  'there  was  no  smith  found  throughout  all  the  land  of  Israel ; 
for  the  Philistines  said,  "  Lest  the  Hebrews  make  them  swords  or 
spears."  ^^  But  all  the  Israelites  went  down  to  the  Philistines,  to  sharpen 
every  man  his  share,  and  his  colter,  and  his  axe,  and  his  mattock. 
^'  Yet  they  had  ta  file  for  the  mattocks,  and  for  the  coulters,  and  for  the 
forks,  and  for  the  axes,  and  *to  sharpen  the  goads.  --  So  it  came  to  pass 
in  the  day  of  battle,  that  'there  was  neither  sword  nor  spear  found  in 
the  hand  of  any  of  the  people  that  were  with  Saul  and  Jonathan  ;  but 
with  Saul  and  witii  Jonathan  his  son  was  there  found.  -^  And  the 
fgarrison  of  the  Philistines  went  out  to  the  passage  of  Michmash. 

1  Now  tit  came  to  pass  upon  a  day,  that  Jonathan  the  son  i  Sam.  .xiv. 
of  Saul  said  unto  the  young  man  that  bare  his  armor,  "  Come, 
and  let  us  go  over  to  the  Philistines'  garrison,  that  is  on  the  other  side." 
But  he  told  not  his  father.  ^  And  Saul  tarried  in  the  uttermost  part  of 
Gibeah  under  a  pomegranate  tree  which  is  in  Migron :  and  the  people 
that  were  with  him  were  about  six  hundred  men  ;  ^and  'Ahiah,  the  son 
of  Ahitub,  I-chabod's  brother,  the  son  of  Phinehas,  the  son  of  Eli,  the 
Lord's  priest  in  Shiloh,  wearing  an  ephod.  And  the  people  knew  not 
that  Jonathan  was  gone. 

^  And  between  the  passages,  by  which  Jonathan  sought  to  go  over 
unto  the  Philistines'  garrison,  there  was  a  sharp  rock  on  the  one  side, 
and  a  sharp  rock  on  the  other  side  ;  and  the  name  of  the  one  was 
Bozez,  and  the  name  of  the  other  Seneh.  ^  The  *forefront  of  the  one 
was  situate  northward  over  against  Michmash,  and  the  other  southward 
over  against  Gibeah.  ^  And  Jonathan  said  to  the  young  man  that  bare 
his  armor,  "Come,  and  let  us  go  over  unto  the  garrison  of  these  uncircum- 
cised  ;  it  may  be  that  the  Lord  will  work  for  us ;  for  there  is  no  re- 
straint to  the  LoRD^to  save  by  many  or  by  few."  "And  his  armor- 
bearer  said  unto  him,  "  Do  all  that  is  in  thy  heart :  turn  thee  ;  behold, 
I  am  with  thee  according  to  thy  heart."  *^Then  said  Jonathan,  "  Behold, 
we  will  pass  over  unto  these  men,  and  we  will  discover  ourselves  unto 
them.  ^  If  they  say  thus  unto  us,  tTarry  until  we  come  to  you  ;  then 
we  will  stand  still  in  our  place,  and  will  not  go  up  unto  them,  i"  But 
if  they  say  thus,  Come  up  unto  us  ;  then  we  will  go  up  :  *for  the 
Lord  hath  delivered  them  into  our  hand ;  'and  this  shall  be  a  sign 
unto  us." 

^1  And  both  of  them  discovered  themselves  unto  the  garrison  of  the 
Philistines  :  and  the  Philistines  said,  "  Behold,  the  Hebrews  come  forth 
out  of  the  holes  wliere  they  had  hid  themselves."  ^-  And  the  men  of 
the  garrison  answered  Jonathan  and  his  armorbearer,  and  said,  "  Come 
up  to  us,  and  we  will  show  you  a  thing."  And  Jonathan  said  unto 
his  armorbcarer,  "  Come  up  after  me  ;  for  the  Lord  hatli  delivered 
them  unto  the  hand  of  Israel."  ^^  And  Jonathan  climbed  up  upon  his 
hands  and  upon  his  feet,  and  his  armorbcarer  after  him :  and  they  fell 
before  Jonatlian  ;  and  his  arinorbearer  slew  after  him.  ^^  And  that  first 
slaughter,  which  Jonathan  and  his  armorbcarer  made,  was  about  twenty 


Part  VL] 


SAUL  AND  JONATHAN  DEFEAT  THE  PHILISTINES. 


399 


J  Or,  half  a  fur- 
row of  an  acre 
of  land.  Ju.  7. 
21. 

TO  2  Ki.  7.  7.  Job 
18.  11. 

•  Heb.  a  trembling 
of  Ood.  See  Ge. 
35.  5. 


t  Or,  tumidt. 


J  Heb.  were  cried 

together. 
n  Ju.  7.  2-2.  2  Ch. 

20.23. 


0  Ex.  14.  30.  Ps, 
44.  6,  7.  Ho.  1. 


p  J03.  6. 


r  Ex.  3.  8.  Nu. 
13.  27.  Mat.  3. 4. 


'■  Or,  weary. 


f  Or,  dealt  trea- 
cherously. 


men,  within,  as  it  were  ta  half  acre  of  land,  which  a  yoke  of  oxen 
might  plough. 

^^  And  '"there  was  trembling  in  the  host,  in  the  field,  and  among  all 
the  people  :  the  garrison,  and  the  spoilers,  they  also  trembled,  and  the 
earth  quaked  ;  so  it  was  *a  very  great  trembling. 

^^  And  the  watchmen  of  Saul  in  Gibeah  of  Benjamin  looked  ;  and, 
behold,  the  multitude  melted  away,  and  they  went  on  beating  down 
one  another.  ^^Then  said  Saul  unto  the  people  that  were  with  him, 
"  Number  now,  and  see  who  is  gone  from  us."  And  when  they  had 
numbered,  behold,  Jonathan  and  his  armorbearer  were  not  there. 
^^  And  Saul  said  unto  Ahiah,  "  Bring  hither  the  ark  of  God."  For  the 
ark  of  God  was  at  that  time  with  the  children  of  Israel. '"■'' 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  while  Saul  talked  unto  the  priest,  that  the 
tnoise  that  was  in  the  host  of  the  Philistines  went  on  and  increased  ; 
and  Saul  said  unto  the  priest,  "  Withdraw  thy  hand."  ^^  And  Saul  and 
all  the  people  that  were  with  him  tassembled  themselves,  and  they 
came  to  the  battle  ;  and,  behold,  "every  man's  sword  was  against  his 
fellow,  and  there  was  a  very  great  discomfiture.  ^^  Moreover  the  He- 
brews that  were  with  the  Philistines  before  that  time,  which  went  up 
with  them  into  the  camp  from  the  country  round  about,  even  they  also 
turned  to  be  with  the  Israelites  that  were  with  Saul  and  Jonathan. 
^■~  Likewise  all  the  men  of  Israel  which  had  hid  themselves  in  Mount 
Ephraim,  when  they  heard  that  the  Philistines  fled,  even  they  also 
followed  hard  after  them  in  the  battle.  ^^  So  "the  Lord  saved  Israel 
that  day  ;  and  the  battle  passed  over  unto  Beth-aven. 

2^  And  the  men  of  Israel  were  distressed  that  day ;  for  Saul  had 
^adjured  the  people,  saying,  "  Cursed  be  the  man  that  eateth  any  food 
until  evening,  that  I  may  be  avenged  on  mine  enemies."  So  none  of 
the  people  tasted  any  food.  ^^  And  'all  they  of  the  land  came  to  a 
wood  ;  and  there  was  lioney  upon  the  ground.  ~^  And  when  the 
people  were  come  into  the  wood,  behold,  the  honey  dropped  ;  but  no 
man  put  his  hand  to  his  mouth,  for  the  people  feared  the  oath.  ^'^  But 
Jonathan  heard  not  when  his  father  charged  the  people  with  the  oath  ; 
wherefore  he  put  forth  the  end  of  the  rod  that  was  in  his  hand,  and 
dipped  it  in  a  honeycomb,  and  put  his  hand  to  his  mouth,  and  his 
eyes  were  enlightened.  ~^  Then  answered  one  of  the  people,  and  said, 
"  Thy  father  straitly  charged  the  people  with  an  oath,  saying,  '  Cursed 
be  the  man  that  eateth  any  food  this  day.'  "  And  the  people  were  *faint. 
23  Then  said  Jonathan,  "  My  father  hath  troubled  the  land  :  see,  I  pray 
you,  how  mine  eyes  have  been  enlightened,  because  I  tasted  a  little 
of  this  honey.  ^^  How  much  more,  if  haply  the  people  had  eaten  freely 
to-day  of  the  spoil  of  their  enemies  which  they  found  !  for  had  there 
not  been  now  a  much  greater  slaughter  among  the  Philistines  ?" 

3^  And  they  smote  the  Philistines  that  day  from  Michmash  to  Aijalon  ; 
and  the  people  were  very  faint.  ^'^  And  the  people  flew  upon  the  spoil, 
and  took  sheep,  and  o.xen,  and  calves,  and  slew  them  on  the  ground  ; 
and  the  people  di«]  eat  them  'with  the  blood.  ^^  Then  they  told  Saul, 
saying,  "Behold,  the  people  sin  against  the  Lord,  in  that  they  eat  with 
the  blood."  And  he  said,  "  Ye  have  ttransgressed  :  roll  a  great  stone 
unto  me  this  day."  ^^  And  Saul  said,  "  Disperse  yourselves  among  the 
people,  and  say  unto  them,  Bring  me  hither  every  man   his  ox,  and 


(^)  What  was  this  ark  of  God  which  Saul  com- 
mands the  priests  to  bring  ?  The  ark  of  the  cove- 
nant was  at  Kirjath-jearim  ;  and  the  Israehtes  had 
been  already  punished  for  removing  it  from  Shiloh 
without  permission.  From  the  latter  part  of  this 
First  Book  of  Samuel  it  appears,  that  during  Saul's 
life,  both  Saul  and  David  were  possessed  at  the 


same  time  of  the  instruments  of  oracular  consulta- 
tion ;  of  which  the  ark  with  the  cherubic  emblems 
formed  an  essential  part.  Mr.  Hutchinson's  opin- 
ion, then,  that  there  were  more  emblematic  arks 
than  one.  deserves  great  attention.— Hutchinson's 
Works,  vol.  vi.  p.  148-15],  quoted  by  Horsley,  Bib. 
Crii.  vol.  i.  p.  328. 


400 


SAUL  DEFEATS  THE  AMALEKITES.  [Period  IV. 


J  Heb.  in  his 

hand. 
*  Heb.  tlmt   altar 

he  began  to  huild 

unto  Uie  LORD. 

1  Sa.  7.  17. 


1 1  Sa.  28.  6. 

«  Jos.  7.  14.  1  Sa. 

10.  10. 
fHeb. 

Ju.  20.  2. 


J  Or,  Show  the 
innocent.  Pr.  16. 
33.  Ac.  1.  24. 

V  Jos.  7.  16. 
1  Sa.  10.  20,  21. 

*  Heb.  went  forth. 


TO2Sa.  14.  11. 
1  Ki.  1.  52.  Lu. 
21.  18. 


f  Or,  wrought 
mightily. 
X  1  Sa.  15.  3,  7. 


X  Heb.  Abincr. 


SECT 

.    IV. 

A.   M. 

2911. 

15.  C. 

1093. 

Hales 

,  1100. 

Havi 

ila!.. 

a  See  Ex.  17.  8, 
14. 


every  man  his  sheep,  and  slay  them  here,  and  eat ;  and  sin  not  against 
the  Lord  in  eating  with  the  blood."  And  all  the  people  brought  every 
man  his  o.\  twith  him  that  night,  and  slew  them  there.  ^^  And  Saul 
built  an  altar  unto  the  Lord  :  *the  same  was  the  first  altar  that  he 
built  unto  the  Lord. 

"^•^  And  Saul  said,  "Let  us  go  down  after  the  Philistines  by  night, 
and  spoil  them  until  the  morning  light,  and  let  us  not  leave  a  man  of 
them."  And  they  said,  "  Do  whatsoever  scemeth  good  unto  thee." 
Then  said  the  priest,  "  Let  us  draw  near  hither  unto  God."  ^''  And 
Saul  asked  counsel  of  God,  "  Shall  I  go  down  after  the  Philistines? 
wilt  thou  deliver  them  into  the  hand  of  Israel  ?  "  But  'He  answered 
him  not  that  day.  ^^  And  Saul  said,  "  Draw  "ye  near  hither,  all  the 
tchief  of  the  people  ;  and  know  and  see  wherein  this  sin  hath  been 
this  day.  ^■'  For,  as  the  Lord  liveth,  which  saveth  Israel,  though  it  be 
in  Jonatlian  my  son,  he  shall  surely  die."  But  there  was  not  a  man 
among  all  the  people  that  answered  him.  ^^  Tiien  said  he  unto  all  Israel, 
"  Be  ye  on  one  side,  and  I  and  Jonathan  my  son  will  be  on  the  other 
side."  And  the  people  said  unto  Saul,  "  Do  what  seemeth  good  unto 
thee."  "^^  Therefore  Saul  said  unto  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  "  tGive  a 
perfect  lot."  ''And  Saul  and  Jonathan  were  taken  ;  but  the  people 
*escaped.  "^^  And  Saul  said,  "  Cast  lots  between  me  and  Jonathan  my 
son."  And  Jonathan  was  taken.  '^■^  Tiien  Saul  said  to  Jonathan,  "  Tell 
me  what  thou  hast  done."  And  Jonathan  told  him,  and  said,  "I  did 
but  taste  a  little  honey  with  the  end  of  the  rod  that  was  in  my  hand, 
and,  lo,  I  must  die  !  "  "^^  And  Saul  answered,  "  God  do  so  and  more  also, 
for  thou  shalt  surely  die,  Jonathan."  '^^  And  the  people  said  unto  Saul, 
"  Shall  Jonathan  die,  who  hath  wrought  this  great  salvation  in  Israel  ? 
God  forbid  !  ""as  the  Lord  liveth,  there  shall  not  one  hair  of  his  head 
fall  to  the  ground  ;  for  he  hath  wrought  with  God  this  day."  So  the 
people  rescued  Jonathan,  that  he  died  not.  '^^  Then  Saul  went  up  from 
following  the  Philistines  ;  and  the  Philistines  went  to  their  own  place. 

^''  So  Saul  took  the  kingdom  over  Israel,  and  fought  against  all  his 
enemies  on  every  side,  against  Moab,  and  against  the  children  of 
Ammon,  and  against  Edom,  and  against  the  kings  of  Zobah,  and  against 
the  Philistines ;  and  whithersoever  he  turned  himself,  he  ve.xed  them. 
■^^  And  he  f gathered  a  host,  and  'smote  the  Amalekites,  and  delivered 
Israel  out  of  the  hands  of  them  that  spoiled  them. 

^•'  Now  ^the  sons  of  Saul  were  Jonathan,  and  Ishui,  and  Melchi-shua : 
and  the  names  of  his  two  daughters  were  these  ;  the  name  of  the  first- 
born Merab,  and  the  name  of  the  younger  Michal.  ^^  And  the  name  of 
Saul's  wife  was  Ahinoam,  the  daughter  of  Ahimaaz  :  and  the  name  of 
the  captain  of  his  host  was  tAbner,  the  son  of  Ner,  Saul's  uncle.  ^^  And 
Kish  was  the  father  of  Saul  ;  and  Ner  the  father  of  Abner  was  the  son 
of  Abicl.  -'^  And  there  was  sore  war  against  the  Philistines  all  the  days 
of  Saul:  and  when  Saul  saw  any  strong  man,  or  any  valiant  man,  he 
took  iiim  unto  him. 

Section    IV. — Soul  defeat.';  the  Amalekites. 

1    SaMUKL    XV. 

SamuH  sendcth  Saul  lo  destroij  Amalek.  6  Saul  favoreth  the  Kenites.  8  He  spareth  Agag  and  the 
best  of  the  spoil.  10  Samud  denounceth  unto  Saul,  commanding  and  excusing  himself ,  God's 
rejection  of  him  for  his  disobedience.  21  Saul's  humiliation.  32  Sa7nnel  killeth  Agag.  34 
Samuel  and  Saul  part. 

^  Samuel  also  said  unto  Saul,  "  The  Lord  sent  me  to  anoint  thee  to 
be  king  over  his  people,  over  Israel ;  now  therefore  hearken  thou  unto 
the  voice  of  the  words  of  the  Lord.  -  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  I 
remember  that  which  Amalek  did  to  Israel,  "how  he  laid  wait  for  him  in 
the  way,  when  he  came  up  from  Egypt.  ='  Now  go  and  smite  Amalek,  and 


Part  VI.]  SAUL  DEFEATS  THE  AMALEKITES.  401 

b  Le.  27. 28, 29.    ''utterly  destroy  all  that  they  have,  and  spare  them  not ;  bnt  slay  both 

Jos.  b.  17, 21.      ^^^^  ^^^^  woman,  infant  and  suckling,  o.\  and  sheep,  camel  and  ass.  '' 

■*  And  Saul  gathered  the  people   together,  and   numbered  them  in 

Telaim,  two  hundred  thousand  footnien,  and  ten  thousand  men  of 

*ot,  fought.       Judah.  ^  And  Saul  came  to  a  city  of  Amalek,  and  *laid  wait  in  the 

cNu.24.  21.       valley.  ^  And  Saul  said  unto  'the  Kenites,  "  Go,  "depart,  get  you  down 

'*i9.^a?if  ii^     from  among  the  Amalekites,  lest  I  destroy  you  with   them  ;  for  'ye 

e^L\s  10  19     showed  kindness  to  all  the  children  of  Israel,  when  they  came  up  out 

*'""''"    of  Egypt."    So  the  Kenites  departed  from  among  the  Amalekites.  '^And 

Saul  smote  the  Amalekites  from  Havilah  until  thou  comest   to   Shur, 

/See  1  Ki.20.34,  that  is  ovcr  against  Egypt.  ^  And  -^he  took  Agag  the  king  of  the  Ama- 

Jsee  1  sa.  30. 1.  lekites  alive,  and  ""utterly  destroyed  all  the  people  with  the  edge  of  the 

sword.  9  But  Saul  and  the  people  spared  Agag,  and  the  best  of  the  sheep, 

i  Or,  of  ate  second  and  of  the  oxen,  and  tof  the  fatlings,  and  the  lambs,  and  all  that  was 

good,  and  would  not  utterly  destroy  them  ;  but  every  thing  that  was 

vile  and  refuse,  that  they  destroyed  utterly. 

A  See  Ge.  6. 6, 7.       10  Tlicu  camc  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  Samuel,  saying,  ^^  "  It  ''re- 

ijos.22.i6.iKi.  penteth  me  that  I  have  set  up  Saul  to  be  king ;  for  he  is  Hurned  back 

j  1  Sa.  13. 13.       from  following  me,  ^and  hath  not  performed  my  commandments."    And 

k  1  Sa.  16. 1.       it  '^grieved  Samuel ;  and  he  cried  unto  the  Lord  all  night.  ^-  And  when 

Samuel  rose  early  to  meet  Saul  in  the  morning,  it  was   told  Samuel, 

saying,  "  Saul  came  to  Carmel,  and,  behold,  he  set  him  up  a  place, 

and  is  gone  about,  and  passed  on,  and  gone  down  to  Gilgal." 

jGs.14.19.  13 And  Samuel  came  to  Saul;  and  Saul  said  unto  him,  "Blessed  'be 

thou  of  the  Lord  !  I  have  performed  the  commandment  of  the  Lord." 

14  And  Samuel  said,  "  What  meaneth  then  this  bleating  of  the  sheep  in 

mine  ears,  and  the  lowing  of  the  oxen  which  I   hear?"  ^^And   Saul 

mGe.  3.12.  Pr.  said,  "  They  have  brought  them  from  the  Amalekites:  "'for  the  people 

spared  the  best  of  the  sheep  and  of  the  oxen,  to  sacrifice  unto  the  Lord 

thy  God ;  and  the  rest  we  have  utterly  destroyed."  ^^  Then  Samuel 

said  unto  Saul,  "  Stay,  and  I  will  tell  thee  what  the  Lord  hath  said 

to  me  this  night."    And  he  said  unto  him,  "  Say  on." 

I'And  Samuel  said,  "  When  thou  wast  little  in  thine  own  sight,  wast 

thou  not  made  the  head  of  the  tribes  of  Israel,  and  the  Lord  anointed 

thee  king  over  Israel  ?  ^^  And  the  Lord  sent  thee  on  a  journey,  and 

said, 'Go  and   utterly  destroy   the  sinners  the  Amalekites,  and  fight 

iHeh.theijcon-    agaiust  them  untillthcy  be  cousumcd.'  i'-" Wherefore  then  didst  thou 

not  obey  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  but  didst  fly  upon  the  spoil,  and  didst 

evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  ?  "  ^°  And  Saul  said  unto  Samuel,  "  Yea, 

I  have  obeyed  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  and  have  gone  the  way  which  the 

Lord  sent  me,  and  have  brought  Agag  the  king  of  Amalek,  and  have 

utterly  destroyed  the  Amalekites.  ^i  But  the  people  took  of  the  spoil, 

sheep  and  oxen,  the  chief  of  the  things  which  should  have  been  utterly 

destroyed,   to    sacrifice  unto  the    Lord  thy  God  in  Gilgal."  -^  And 

Samuel  said,  "  Hath  "the  Lord  as  great  delight  in  burnt  offerings  and 

13, 16, 17. Je.j.   sacrifices,  as  in  obeying  the  voice  of  the  Lord?    Behold,  "to  obey  is 

6^.^He!^io!G-9.  better  than  sacrifice,  and  to  hearken  than  the  fat  of  rams,  ^apor  rebel- 

'i'l'di^i^tt  lion  is  as  the   sin  of  *  witchcraft,  and  stubbornness  is  as  iniquity  and 

9'.  i3!&i2~7.     idolatry.    Because  thou  hast  rejected  the  word  of  the  Lord,  ''he  hath 


sums. 


nn 


De!  kTo.'"""'  also  rejected  thee  from  being  k 

pisa.  13. 14.  24  Aj-jJ  "Sau]  Said  unto  Samuel,  "  I  have  sinned:   for  I   have  trans- 

r  Ex.KVpn^'  gressed  the  commandment  of  the  Lord,  and  thy  words  ;   because  ''I 

29. 25.  is.  51. 12,  feared  the  people,  and  obeyed  their  voice.  ^5  Now  therefore,  I  pray  thee, 

pardon  my  sin,  and  turn  again  with  me,  that  I  may  worship  the  Lord." 

5See  isa.2.30.  26  And  Samucl  said  unto  Saul,  "  I  will  not  return  with  thee  ;  'for  thou 

hast  rejected  the  word  of  the  Lord,  and  the  Lord  hath  rejected  thee 

from  being  king  over  Israel."  ^^  And   as  Samuel  turned  about  to  go 

vol.  I.  51  2h* 


402 


BAVLB  IS  ANOINTED  BY  SAMUEL. 


[Period  IV, 


tSeeiKi.  11.30.  away,  'he  laid  hold  upon  the  skirt  of  his  mantle,  and  it  rent,  ^^  And 
uisa. 28. 17,18.  gamucl  Said  unto  him,  '-'The  "Lord  hath  rent  the  kingdom  of  Israel 
iKi.11.31.       ^^^^  ^j^^^  ^j^.^  ^^^^  ^^^  j^^^j^  ^.^.^^  .^  ^^  ^  neighbour  of  thine,  that  is 

better  than  thou.  ^^  And  also ''the  t  Strength  of  Israel  will  not  lie  nor 
repent ;  for  he  is  not  a  man,  that  he  should  repent."  ^^  Then  he  said, 
"  I  have  sinned  ;  yet  'honor  me  now,  I  pray  thee,  before  the  elders  of 
my  people,  and  before  Israel,  and  turn  again  with  me,  that  I  may  wor- 
ship the  Lord  thy  God."  ^^  So  Samuel  turned  again  after  Saul  ;  and 
Saul  worshipped  the  Lord. 

3- Then  said  Samuel,  "  Bring  ye  hither  to  me  Agag  the  king  of  the 
Amalekites."  And  Agag  came  unto  him  delicately.  And  Agag  said, 
"  Surely  the  bitterness  of  death  is  past."  ^^  And  Samuel  said,  "  As  "thy 
sword  hath  made  women  childless,  so  shall  thy  mother  be  childless 
among  women."  And  Samuel  hewed  Agag  in  pieces  before  the  Lord 
in  Gilgal. 

^  Then  Samuel  went  to  Ramah  ;  and  Saul  went  up  to  his  house  to 
Gibeah  of  Saul.  =5^  And  "Samuel  came  no  more  to  see  Saul  until  the 
day  of  his  death,  nevertheless  Samuel  ^mourned  for  Saul :  and  the 
Lord  repented  that  he  had  made  Saul  king  over  Israel. 


t  Or,  Eternity,  or 

Victory.  Ge.  6. 

6.    Ez.  21.  14. 

2  Ti.  2.  13.  Tit 

1.2. 
r  John  5.  44.  & 

12.  43. 


v  Ex.  17.  11 

See  Ju.  1.7 


zSee  lSa.l< 
y  1  Sa.  16. 1 


SECT.   V. 

A.  M.  2941. 

B.  C.  1063. 
Hales,  1085. 

Betli-lehem. 

a  1  Sa.  15.  35. 
h  2  Ki.  9.  1. 
e  Ps.  78.  70.  Ac. 
13.^. 

*  Heb.  in  Oiy 
hand. 

d  1  Sa.  20.  29. 
eEx.4.  15. 
/ISa.  9.  16. 

^ISa.  21.  1. 
t  Heb.  meeting. 
AlKi.2.  13. 
2  Ki.  9.  22. 
i  Ex.  19.  10,  14. 


j  1  Sa.  17.  13. 

called  EWtu, 

1  Ch.  27.  16. 
k  1  Ki.  12.  26. 
IPs.  147.  10,  11. 
TO  Is.  .55.  8. 
n2Co.  10.7. 
J  Heb.  eyej. 
0  1  Ki.  8.  39. 

1  Ch.  28.  9.  Ps. 

7.  9.  Je.  11.20. 

&.  17.  10.  &.20. 

12.  Ac.  1.  24. 

*  S'limeah,  2  Sa. 
13  3.  S!iimma, 
1  Ch.  2.  13. 

p  2  Sa.  7.  8.  Ps. 
78.  70. 

■f  Heb.  round. 
gCint.  5.  10. 

*  lleh.  fair  of 
eyes. 

r  So  1  Sa.  9.  17. 
si  Si.  10.  1.  Pi. 

89.  20. 
t  Poe  \ii.  27.  18 

Ju.  11.29.&.  13 

25.  &  14.  6. 

I  Sa.  10  6, 10. 


Section  V. — Samuel  anoints  David  secretly  as  the  future  King  of  Israel. 

1  Samuel  xvi.  1-13. 

Samuel,  sent  by  God  under  pretence  of  a  sacrifice,  comelh  to  Beih-lehem.     G  His  human  judgment  is 
reproved.     13  He  anoinleth  David. 

'  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Samuel,  "  How  "long  wilt  thou  mourn  for 
Saul,  seeing  I  have  rejected  him  from  reigning  over  Israel  ?  'fill  thy 
horn  with  oil,  and  go,  I  will  send  thee  to  Jesse  the  Beth-lehemite  ;  for 
'I  have  provided  me  a  king  among  his  sons."  ~  And  Samuel  said,  "How 
can  I  go  r  if  Saul  hear  it,  he  will  kill  me."  And  the  Lord  said,  "  Take 
a  heifer  *with  thee,  and  say,  ''I  am  come  to  sacrifice  to  the  Lord.  ^  And 
call  Jesse  to  the  sacrifice,  and  'I  will  show  thee  what  thou  shalt  do ; 
and-^thou  shalt  anoint  unto  me  him  whom  I  name  unto  thee."  "^And 
Samuel  did  that  which  the  Lord  spake,  and  came  to  Beth-lehem,  And 
the  elders  of  the  town  "trembled  at  his  tcoming,  and  said,  "  Comest 
Hhou  peaceably  ? "  ^  And  he  said,  "  Peaceably :  I  am  come  to  sacrifice 
unto  the  Lord";  'sanctify  yourselves,  and  come  with  me  to  the  sacrifice." 
And  he  sanctified  Jesse  and  his  sons,  and  called  tiiem  to  the  sacrifice. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  were  come,  that  he  looked  on 
^Eliab,  and  'said,  "  Surely  the  Lord's  anointed  is  before  him."  '^But 
the  Lord  said  unto  Samuel,  ''  Look  not  on  'his  countenance,  or  on 
the  height  of  his  stature  ;  because  I  have  refused  him  :  '"for  the  Lord 
sceth  not  as  man  seeth  ;  for  man  "looketh  on  the  toutward  appearance, 
but  the  Lord  looketh  on  the  "heart."  ^  Then  Jesse  called  Abinadab, 
and  made  him  pass  before  Samuel.  And  he  said,  "  Neither  hath  the 
Lord  chosen  this."  ^Then  Jesse  made  *Shammah  to  pass  by.  And 
he  said,  "  Neither  hath  the  Lord  chosen  this."  ^^  Again,  Jesse  made 
seven  of  his  sons  to  pass  before  Samuel.  And  Samuel  said  unto 
Jesse,  "  The  Lord  hath  not  chosen  these."  ^^  And  Samuel  said  unto 
Jesse,  '•  Are  here  all  thy  children?  "  And  he  said,  '•  There  remaineth 
yet  the  youngest,  and,  behold,  he  keepeth  the  sheep."  And  Samuel 
said  unto  Jesse,  "  Send  ''and  fetch  him  ;  for  we  will  not  sit  tdown  till 
he  come  hither."  ^^  And  he  sent,  and  brought  him  in.  Now  he  was 
'ruddy,  and  withal  tof  a  beautiful  countenance,  and  goodly  to  look  to. 
'And" the  Lord  said,  "Arise,  anoint  him;  for  this  is  he."  ^^Then 
Samuel  took  the  horn  of  oil,  and  'anointed  him  in  the  midst  of  his 
brethren  :  and  'the  Spirit  of  tlie  Lord  came  upon  David  from  that 
day  forward.     So  Samuel  rose  up,  and  went  to  Ramah. 


Part  VI.] 


DAVID  OVERCOMES  GOLIATH. 


403 


SECT.   VI. 

A.  M.  2941 

B.  C.  1063. 

Hales,  1080. 

Ephesdammim. 


*  Or,  the  coast  of 
Dammim,  called 
Pasdammimi' 
ICh.  11.  VS. 

f  Heb.  ranged  the 
battle. 


a2Sa.  21.  19. 
%  Heb.  clothed 


■  Or,  gorget. 


Section  VI. — David  overcomes  Goliath. 
1  Samuel  xvii.  1-40,  55,  56,  41-54,  57,  58,  and  xviii.  1-4,  and  Psalm  ix. 
The  armies  of  the  Israelites  and  Philistines  being  ready  to  battle,  4  Goliath  cometh  proudly  forth  to 
chaUen<rea  comhat.  12  David,  sent  by  his  father  to  visit  his  brethren,  taketh  the  challenge.  28 
EliTchideth  hi...  30  He  is  brought  to  ^aul.  32  He  showeththe  reason  of  InsconfdenceJS 
Without  armor,  armed  by  faith,  he  slayeth  the  giant.  55  Said  taketh  notice  of  David.  —  Chap, 
xviii.  1  Jonathan  loveth  David. 

1  Now  the  Philistines  gathered  together  their  armies  to  battle,  and 
were  gathered  together  at  Shochoh,  which  belongeth  to  Judah,  and 
pitched  between  Shochoh  and  Azekah,  in  *Ephes-dammim.  ^  And  Saul 
and  the  men  of  Israel  were  gathered  together,  and  pitched  by  the  valley 
of  Elah,  and  tset  the  battle  in  array  against  the  Philistines.  ^  And 
the  Philistines  stood  on  a  mountain  on  the  one  side,  and  Israel  stood  on 
a  mountain  on  the  other  side  ;  and  there  was  a  valley  between  them. 

■*  And  there  went  out  a  champion  out  of  the  camp  of  the  Philistines, 
named  "Goliath,  of  Gath,  whose  height  was  six  cubits  and  a  span. 
5  And  he  had  a  helmet  of  brass  upon  his  head,  and  he  was  tarmed 
with  a  coat  of  mail  ;  and  the  weight  of  the  coat  was  five  thousand 
shekels  of  brass.  ^  And  he  had  greaves  of  brass  upon  his  legs,  and  a 
*target  of  brass  between  his  shoulders.  ''And  the  staff  of  his  spear 
was  like  a  weaver's  beam ;  and  his  spear's  head  weighed  six  hundred 
shekels  of  iron  :  and  one  bearing  a  shield  went  before  him.  ^  And  he 
stood  and  cried  unto  the  armies  of  Israel,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Why 
are  ye  come  out  to  set  your  battle  in  array  ?  am  not  I  a  Philistine,  and 
ye  servants  to  Saul  ?  choose  you  a  man  for  you,  and  let  him  come 
down  to  me.  ^  If  he  be  able  to  fight  with  me,  and  to  kill  me,  then 
will  we  be  your  servants  :  but  if  I  prevail  against  him,  and  kill  him, 
then  shall  ye  be  our  servants,  and  serve  us."  ^°  And  the  Philistine  said, 
"  I  defy  the  armies  of  Israel  this  day  ;  give  me  a  man,  that  we  may 
fight  together."  ^^  When  Saul  and  all  Israel  heard  those  words  of  the 
Philistine,  they  were  dismayed,  and  greatly  afraid. 
>Ge.35. 19.  12  Now  David  was  the  son  of  that  'Ephrathite  of  Beth-lehem-judah, 

:  1  sa.  16. 10, 11.  whosc  uamc  was  Jesse  ;  and  he  had  'eight  sons  ;  and  the  man  went 
See  1  ch.  2. 13-  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^j^  ^^^  j^  ^^^  j^^g  ^f  g^^^j^  13  ^nd  the  three 

eldest  sons  of  Jesse  went  and  followed  Saul  to  the  battle  ;  and  the 

names  of  his  three  sons  that  went  to  the  battle  were  Eliab  the  firstborn, 

and  next  unto  him  Abinadab,  and  the  third  Shammah.  ^^  And  David 

was  the  youngest ;  and  the  three  eldest   followed  Saul.  ^^  But  David 

went  and  returned  from  Saul  to  feed  his  father's  sheep  at  Beth-lehem. 

(^«  And  the  Philistine  drew  near  morning  and  evening,  and  presented 

himself  forty  days.)  i'  And  Jesse  said  unto  David  his  son,  "  Take  now 

for  thy  brethren  an  ephah  of  this  parched  corn,  and  these  ten  loaves, 

t  Heb.  cheeses  of  ^nd  ruu  to  the  camp  to  thy  brethren  ;  ^^  and  carry  these  ten   tcheeses 

iul  captain  of  uuto  the  tcaptaiu  of  their  thousand,  and  "look  how  thy  brethren  fare 

athousand.        aud  takc  their  pledge."  ^^  Now  Saul,  and  they,  and  all  the  men  of 

dGe.  37. 14.        j^^_^^j   ^^^^  .^  ^j^^  ^''^jjgy  ^^  gj^j^^  fighting  with  the  Philistines. 

20  And  David  rose  up  early  in  the  morning,  and  left  the  sheep  with 

a  keeper,  and  took,  and  went,  as  Jesse  had  commanded  him  ;  and  he 

*or,  place  of  the  pamc  to  the  *trench,  as  the  host  was  going  forth   to  the  tfight,  and 

c^rr^age.  1  Sa.   ^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^j^^  ^^^^j^^  21  ^oY  Isracl  aud  the  Philistiues  had  put  the 

K'IViTo/a"^.  battle  in  array,  army  against  army.  ^^  And  David  left  this  carriage  in 

t  Heb.  the  vessels  the  hand  of  the  keeper  of  the  carriage,  and  ran  into  the   army,  and 

fZlZlThi.    came  and  *saluted  his  brethren.  ^^  And  as  he  talked  with  them,  behold, 

brethren^f  peace,  ^j^g^g  ^^^^^  up  jj-^g  chauipion,  the  Philistiuc  of  Gath,  Gohath  by  name, 

"'  "■    '    '      out  of  the  armies  of  the  Philistines,  and  spake  according  to  the  same 

words  ;  and  David  heard  them.  ^*  And  all  the  men  of  Israel,  when  they 

t  Hf  •  ^'"»  ^^    saw  the  man,  fled  tfrom  him,  and  were  sore  afraid.  ^^And  the  men  of 


404  DAVID  OVERCOMES  GOLIATH.  [Period  IV. 

Israel  said,  '•'  Have  ye  seen  this  man  that  is  come  up  ?  surely  to  defy 
Israel  is  he  come  up  ;  and  it  shall  be,  that  the  man  who  killeth  him,  the 

ejoB.  15.  la  king  will  enrich  him  with  great  riches,  and  'will  give  him  his  daughter, 
and  make  his  father's  house  free  in  Israel,"  '^^  And  David  spake  to  the 
men  that  stood  by  him,  saying,  "  What  shall  be  done  to  the  man  that 
killeth  this  Philistine,  and  taketh  away  the  reproach  from  Israel  ?  for 
who  is  this  uncircumcised  Philistine,  that  he  should  defy  the  armies 

/De.  5. 26.  of  •'^thc  living  God  ? "  -"^  And  the  people  answered  him  after  this  manner, 

saying,  "  So  shall  it  be  done  to  the  man  that  killeth  him." 

"^  And  Eliab  his  eldest  brother  heard  when  he  spake  unto  the  men  ; 

^MaV  lo' 36^' "■  ^"^  Eliab's  ^anger  was  kindled  against  David,  and  he  said,  "  Why 
camest  thou  down  hither  ?  and  with  whom  hast  thou  left  those  few 
sheep  in  the  wilderness  ?  I  know  thy  pride,  and  the  naughtiness  of 
thy  heart ;  for  thou  art  come  down  that  thou  mightest  see  the  battle." 
2^  And  David  said,  "  What  have  I  now  done?  Is  there  not  a  cause?  " 
2"  And  he  turned  from  him  toward  another,  and   spake  after  the 

J  Heb.  word.  same  tmanner  ;  and  the  people  answered  him  again  after  the  former 
manner.  ^^  And  when  the  words  were  heard  which  David  spake,  they 

*  ueh.  took  him.    rehcarscd  them  before  Saul ;  and  he  *sent  for  him. 

h  De.  20.  ],  3.  32  ^j^^j  David  said  to  Saul,  "  Let  ''no  man's  heart  fail  because  of  him  ; 

thy  servant  will  go  and  fight  with  this  Philistine."  ^^  And  Saul  said  to 

'Be? 9! 2.  ^^'  ^^'  David,  "  Thou  'art  not  able  to  go  against  this  Philistine  to  fight  with 
him  ;  for  thou  art  but  a  youth,  and  he  a  man  of  war  from  his  youth." 
^'^  And  David  said  unto  Saul,  "  Thy  servant  kept  his  father's  sheep, 

\oi,  kid.  and  there  came  a  lion,  and  a  bear,  and  took  a  tlamb  out  of  the  flock  ; 

^^  and  I  went  out  after  him,  and  smote  him,  and  delivered  it  out  of  his 
mouth  ;  and  when  he  arose  against  me,  I  caught  him  by  his  beard,  and 
smote  him,  and  slew  him.  ^^  Thy  servant  slew  both  the  lion  and  the 
bear  ;  and  this  uncircumcised  Philistine  shall  be  as  one  of  them,  seeing 
he   hath  defied  the  armies  of  the  living  God."  ^^  David  said  moreover, 

JP3.18.  i6,i7.^&  "The  ^LoKD  that  delivered  me  out  of  the  paw  of  the  lion,  and  out  of 
f  ■cor.^.\o.  ■  the  paw  of  the  bear,  he  will  deliver  me  out  of  the  hand  of  this  Philis- 

ki^sl'.  2o!\x'  tine."  And  Saul  said  unto  David,  "  Go,  and  '^the  Lord  be  with  thee  !  " 
ich.'22.  ii,  16.       38^j^(j  gaul  tanned  David  with  his  armor,  and  he  put  a  helmet  of 

^"J'^i'^^fto^*"  brass  upon  his  head;  also  he  armed  him  with  a  coat  of  mail.  ^sAnd 

clothes.  David  girded  his  sword  upon  his  armor,  and  he  assayed  to  go ;  for  he 

had  not  proved  it.     And  David  said  unto  Saul,  "  I  cannot  go   with 

these  ;  for  I  have  not  proved  them."     And  David  put  them  ofT  him. 

^^  And  he  took  his  stati"  in  his  hand,  and  chose  him  five  smooth  stones 

*ot,vaUey.        out  of  thc  *brook,  and  put  them  in  a  shepherd's  tbag  which  he   had, 

t  Heb.  vessel.  ^^^^^   •  ^^  ^  ^^^.jp^  ^^^  j^-^  ^j- ^^^  ^^^^  -^^  j^-^    ^^^^  .    ^^^^    j-^g    ^j.g^y    j^g^j.    ^q 

the  Phihstine. 

55  And  <*Vhen  Saul  saw  David  go  forth  against  the  Philistine,  he 

(2«)  Towards  the  conclusion  of  1   Sam.  xvi.  we  by  Bp.  Horsley,  whose  arguments  are  so  satisfacto- 

read    Saul   sent   messengers    unto    Jesse,   saying,  ry,  that  I  insert  his  own  words.     "It  appears,  in- 

"  Send  David  thy  son."     Pursuant  to  this  order,  deed,  from  many  circumstances  of  the  story,  that 

David  played  on  the  harp  before  the  king,  when  the  David's  combat  with  Goliath  was  many  years  prior 

evil    spirit   of  melancholy  was    upon    him.      Saul  in  order  of  time  to  Saul's  madness,  and  to  David  s 

loved    him    greatly,    and    he    beci^me    his    armor-  introduction  to  iiim  as  a  musician.     1st.  David  was 

bearer,  and    resided   constantly  at   his  court ;    for  quite  a  youth  when  he  engaged  Goliath  (verses  33, 

Saul  sent  a  second  message  to  Jesse  :   "  Let  David,  42);  when  he  was  introduced  to  Saul,  as  a  musi- 

I  pray  thee,  stand  before  me  ;  for  lie  hath  found  fa-  cian,  he  was  of  full  age,  (chap.  xvi.  18.)     2dly.  His 

vor  in  my  sight."      Yet   in  verse  55  of  the  ne.xt  combat  with  Goliath  was  his  first  appearance  in 

chapter,    we  "read    that   Saul    inquired   of  Abner,  pubhc  life,  (ver.  56),  [aSp  H?] ;  when  he  was  in- 

whose    son  was    the    conqueror  of  Goliath.      He  troduced  as  a  musician,  he  was  a  man  of  established 

speaks  of  him  as  an  entire  stranger;  and  Abner,  to  character,  (chap.  xvi.  18.)     3dly.  His  combat  with 

gratify  the   king's  curiosity,  introduces   David   to  Goliath  was  his  first  military  exploit,  (verses  38, 

him  after  the  combat,  with  the  head  of  the  Pliilis-  3!)).     He   was  a  man  of  war  when  he   was  intro- 

tine  in  his  hand.       Bishops  Warburton  and   Hall  duced  as  a  musician,  (chap.  xvi.  18).     He  was  un- 

suppose,  that  the  encounter  with  Goliath  took  place  known  both  to   Saul  and   Abner  at  the  time   when 

before  David  was  required  to  play  the  harp  before  he  fought  Goliath.     He  had  not,  therefore,  yet  been 

Saul ;  and  this  solution  of  the  difficulty  is  espoused  in  the  office  of  Saul's  armorbearer,  or  resident  m 


p^RT  VI.]  DAVID  OVERCOMES  GOLIATH.  405 

said  unto  Abner,  the  captain  of  the  host,  "  Abner,  whose  son  is  this 
youth  ?  "  And  Abner  said,  "  As  thy  soul  hveth,  O  king !  I  cannot  tell." 
^6  And  the  king  said,  "  Inquire  thou  whose  son  the  stripling  is." 

41  And  the  Philistine  came  on  and  drew  near  unto  David  ;  and  the 
man  that  bare  the  shield  went  before  him.  ■*-  And  when  the  Philistine 
I  Ps.  123.  4,  5.    looked  about,  and  saw  David,  he  'disdained  him ;  for  he  was  but  a 
1  Cor.  1.27, 28.  ^^^  ^^^  ruddy,  and  of  a  fair  countenance.  4='And  the  Philistine  said 

™  1  sa.  24.  14.  unto  David,  "  Am  '"I  a  dog,  that  thou  comest  to  me  with  staves  ? " 
6  &-16  9  I'l^:  And  the  Philistine  cursed  David  by  his  gods.  ^4  And  the  Philistine  "said 
«•  ^^-  to  David,  "  Come  to  me,  and  I  will  give  thy  flesh  unto  the  fowls  of  the 

n  1  K..20. 10,11.  ^.^^  ^^^  ^^  ^j^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  ^j^^  ^^jj„  45  ^j^^^^  ^^j^  p^^jj  ^^  ^j^^  Philistine, 

"  Thou  comest  to  me  with  a  sword,  and  with  a  spear,  and  with  a 
0  2  Sa.  22. 33, 35.  shield  :  "but  1  come  to  thee  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God 
ik'^%CorAO.  of  the  armies  of  Israel,  whom  thou  hast  defied.  ^^^This  day  will  the 
tmb^lh!!'aec  Lord  tdeliver  thee  into  my  hand  ;  and  I  will  smite  thee,  and  take  thy 
\p.^  ■  * "     ''  head  from  thee ;    and  I  will  give  ^the  carcasses  of  the  host  of   the 
P  De.  28. 26.        p^ilistines  this  day  unto  the  fowls  of  the  air,  and  to  the  wild  beasts 
8J0..4.24.  iKi.  of   the    earth;  'that    all    the    earth    may  know  that    there  is  a  God 
l-ifit  \l:  Is!  in  Israel.  ^7  And  all  this  assembly  shall  know  that  the  Lord  ''saveth  not 
^~  ^^-        „    with  sword  and  spear:  for  'the  battle  is  the  Lord's,  and  he  will  give 
"hV.^ze.'Ile      you  into  our  hands."  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  Philistine  arose, 
s2Ch.2o.i5.      ^^^  ^g^^Q  j^j^^j  jj.g^  j-,igl^  to  meet  David,  that  David  hasted,  and  ran 
toward  the  army  to  meet  the  Philistine.  ^^  And  David  put  his  hand  in 
his  bag,  and  took  thence  a  stone,  and  slang  it,  and  smote  the  Philistine 
in  his  forehead,  that  the  stone  sunk  into  his  forehead  ;  and  he  fell  upon 
£isa.2i.9.Ecci.  ^ig  f^ce  to  the  earth.  ^^  So  'David  prevailed  over  the  Philistine  with  a 
3o:  Ve^^u!"3^"  slino-  and  with  a  stone,  and  smote  the  Philistine,  and  slew  him;  but 
fsa^sfoil^'     ther'e  was  no  sword  in  the  hand  of  David.  ">'  Therefore  David  ran,  and 
stood  upon  the  Philistine,  and  took  his  sword,  and  drew  it  out  of  the 
sheath  thereof,  and  slew  him,  and  cut  off  his  head  therewith.  And  when 
uHe.  11.34.        the  Philistines  saw  their  champion  was  dead,  "they  fled.  ^^  And  the 
men  of  Israel  and  of  Judah  arose,  and  shouted,  and  pursued  the  Phi- 
listines, until  thou  come  to  the  valley,  and  to  the  gates  of  Ekron.     And 
the  wounded  of  the  PhiUstines  fell  down  by  the  way  to  Shaaraim,  even 
unto  Gath,  and   unto   Ekron.  ^^  And   the   children  of  Israel  returned 
from  chasing  after  the  Philistines,  and  they  spoiled   their  tents.  ^"^  And 
David  took  the  head  of  the  Philistine,  and  brought  it  to  Jerusalem ; 
but  he  put  his  armor  in  his  tent. 

^■^And  as  David  returned  from  the  slaughter  of  the  Philistine, 
Abner  took  him,  and  brought  him  before  Saul  with  the  head  of  the 
Philistine  in  his  hand.  ^^  And  Saul  said  to  him,  "  Whose  son  art  thou, 
thou  young  man  ?  "  And  David  answered,  "  I  am  the  son  of  thy  servant 
Jesse  tlie  Beth-lehemite." 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  had  made  an  end  of  l  Sam.  xvm.  1-4. 

„Ge.44.3o.        spcakiiig  unto  Saul,  that  "the  soul  of  Jonathan  was  knit  with  the  soul 

^20  n'  2^sa"  f    of  David,  '"and  Jonathan  loved  him  as  his  own  soul.  ^  And   Saul  took 

2i  De.  13.%.  ■    him  that  day,  and  would  let  him  go  no  more  home  to  his  father's  house. 

3  Then  Jonathan  and  David  made  a  covenant,  because  he  loved  him  as 

his  own  soul.  -*  And  Jonathan  stripped  himself  of  the  robe  that  was  upon 

him,  and  gave  it  to  David,  and  his  garments,  even  to  his  sword,  and 

to  his  bow,  and  to  his  girdle. 

any  capacity  at  the  court.  Now  the  just  conclusion  the  10th  of  the  eighteenth  chapter.  Let  these  ten 
from  these  circumstances  is,  not  that  these  twenty  verses  be  removed  to  that  place,  and  this  seven- 
verses  are  an  interpolation,  but  that  the  last  ten  teenth  chapter  be  connected  numediately  with  the 
verses  of  the  preceding  chapter,  which  relate  Saul's  13th  verse  of  chapter  xvi.  and  the  whole  disorder 
madness  and  David's  introduction  to  the  court  upon  and  inconsistency  that  appears  in  the  narrative  in 
that  occasion,  are  misplaced.  The  true  place  for  its  present  arrangement  vviU  be  removed.  —BMi- 
these  ten  verses  seems  to  be  between  the  9th  and  cal  Criticisms,  vol.  i.  p.  331. 


406 


DAVID'S  PSALM  ON  THE  VICTORY  OVER  GOLIATH.  [Period  IV. 


PSAL3I  1X.(27) 

Written  on  the  Victory  over  Goliath. 

David  praisetli  God  for  executing  of  Judgment.     1 1  He  inciteth  others  to  praise  him.     13  He  prayelh 

tliat  he  may  have  cause  to  praise  him. 


To  the  chief  JIusici? 


Mulh-labben,  A  Psalm  of  David. 


b  Ps.  56.  2.  &  83. 
13. 


*  Heb.  made  my 
jud^iiieiit. 
t  Heb.  in  righ- 


c  De.  9.  14.  Pr. 
10.7. 

J  Or,  The  destruc- 
tions of  the  ene- 
my are  come  to  a 
perpetual  end  : 
and  their  cities 
hast  thou  de- 
stroyed, Sfc. 

d  Ps.  102.   12,  26. 
He.  1.  11. 

e  Ps.  96.  13.  & 
98.  9. 

/Ps.  32.  7.  &  37. 
39.  &  46.  1.  & 
91.  2. 

*  Heb.  a  high 
place. 

g  Pa.  91.  14. 


h  Ps.  107.  22. 
JGe.  9.  5. 

t  Or,  afflicted. 


j  Ps.  13.  5.  &  20. 

5.  &.  35.  9. 

k  Ps.  7.  15,  16.  & 
35.  8.  &  57.  6.  & 
94.  23.  Pr.  5. 22. 
&  22.  8.  &  26. 
27. 

I  Ex.  7.  5.  &  14. 
4,  10,31. 

1  That  is.  Medita- 
tion. Ps.  19.  14. 
&  92.  3. 

m  Job  8.  13.  Ps. 
50.  22. 


1  I  will  praise  thee,  O  Lord  !  with  my  whole  heart ; 

I  will  show  forth  all  thy  marvellous  works. 
2  I  will  be  glad  and  "rejoice  in  thee  ; 

I  will  sing  praise  to  thy  name,  O  Hhou  Most  High ! 
^  When  mine  enemies  are  turned  back, 

They  shall  fall  and  perish  at  thy  presence. 
^  For  thou  hast  *maintained  my  right  and  my  cause  ; 

Thou  satest  in  the  throne  judging  fright. 
^  Thou  hast  rebuked  the  heathen, 

Thou  hast  destroyed  the  wicked, 

Thou  hast  'put  out  their  name  for  ever  and  ever. 
^  to  thou  enemy,  destructions  are  come  to  a  perpetual  end  : 

And  thou  hast  destroyed  cities ; 

Their  memorial  is  perished  with  them. 
"  But  ''the  Lord  shall  endure  for  ever : 

He  hath  prepared  his  throne  for  judgment. 
^  And  'he  shall  judge  the  world  in  righteousness. 

He  shall  minister  judgment  to  the  people  in  uprightness. 
^  The  -^LoRD  also  will  be  *a  refuge  for  the  oppressed, 

A  refuge  in  times  of  trouble. 
^'^  And  they  that  "know  thy  name  will  put  their  trust  in  thee : 

For  thou,  Lord,  hast  not  forsaken  them  that  seek  thee. 
11  Sing  praises  to  the  Lord,  which  dwelleth  in  Zion : 

Declare  ''among  the  people  his  doings. 
12  When  *he  maketh  inquisition  for  blood,  he  remembereth  them : 

He  forgetteth  not  the  cry  of  the  thumble. 
1^  Have  mercy  upon  me,  O  Lord  ! 

Consider  my  trouble  which  I  suffer  of  them  that  hate  me, 

Thou  that  liftest  me  up  from  the  gates  of  death, 
1'*  That  I  may  show  forth  all  thy  praise 

In  the  gates  of  the  daughter  of  Zion  : 

I  will  ^rejoice  in  thy  salvation. 

1^  The  ^heathen  are  sunk  down  in  the  pit  that  they  made ; 

In  the  net  which  they  hid  is  their  own  foot  taken. 
1^  The  Lord  is  'known  by  the  judgment  which  he  e.xecuteth : 

The  wicked  is  snared  in  the  work  of  his  own  hands.  jHiggaion. 
1'  The  wicked  shall  be  turned  into  hell,  [Selah  ! 

And  all  the  nations  '"that  forget  God. 


(")  The  ninth  Psalm  is  inserted  here  on  the  au- 
thority of  the  Chaldee  paraphrast.  It  is  entitled,-'' To 
the  chief  Musician  (pS  mo-S;')  on  Muth-labben." 
Lightfoot  translates  this  phrase,  '•  Upon  the  Death 
of  the  Champion  ;  "  and  Goliath,  in  the  authorized 
version  (1  Sam.  xvii.  4.),  is  called  a  champion. 
The  original,  n'jnoo  CD'^DrTiyX  Xi"1,  signifies, 
"  and  tliere  came  out  a  man  between  the  two 
camps:"  or,  as  the  margin  of  Arias  Montanus' 
Bible  reads,  I']  Xi",si«ws  inter  duas  acies.  The 
Chaldee  paraphrast  accordingly  interprets  the 
words,  ps  niO~Sr.  thus;  "upon  the  death  of  the 
man  that  came  out  between  the  two  armies;"  (that 
is,  on  the  death  of  the  champion  Goliath  of  Gath), 

D'Oyly  and  Manl's  Bible,  three  various  authori- 
ties are  quoted  on  the  title  of  this  Psalm  ;  Bp. 
Home,  Dimock,  and  Dr.  S.  Clarke.     Bp.  Home 


imagines  it  was  composed  to  celebrate  some  vic- 
tory ;  but  what,  is  unknown.  Dimock  mentions 
the  tradition,  that  Luhhen  was  the  name  of  a  prince 
or  chief  in  tlie  enemies'  army  :  and  Dr.  S.  Clarke 
supposes  it  to  be  the  title  ot  a  tune.  Dr.  Gray 
places  the  Psalm  anions  those  composed  by  David 
after  his  accession.  Calmet  conjectures,  that  it 
was  written  and  sung  by  David,  on  the  occasion  of 
removinor  the  ark  from  the  house  of  Obed-edom,  to 
Mount  Slon.  Among  these  contending  authorities 
(if  different  conjectures,  supported  by  great  names, 
can  be  so  called),  I  have  preferred  the  decision  of 
Liirhtfoot.  With  respect  to  the  rest  of  the  Psalms, 
1  sliall  merely  notice  the  authority  which  may  have 
induced  me  to  give  them  their  respective  places, 
without  entering  into  a  variety  of  criticisms  and 
opinions. 


A.M.  2942. 
B.  C.  1062. 
Hale3,  1074. 


Part  VI.]  HISTORY  OF  DAVID  TILL  HE  FLIES  FROM  SAUL.         407 

n  Ps.  12.  .5.  18  YoY  "the  needy  shall  not  always  be  forgotten  : 

oPr.23. 18.&24.       The  "expectation  of  the  poor  shall  not  perish  for  ever. 

^^  Arise,  O  Lord  !  let  not  man  prevail : 
Let  the  heathen  be  judged  in  thy  sight. 

20  Put  them  in  fear,  O  Lord  ! 
That  the  nations  may  know  themselves  to  be  but  men.     Selah  ! 

SECT.  vn.  Section  VIL — History  of  David  till  he  fiies  from  the  Court  of  Saul. 

1  Samuel  xviii.  5-9,  xvi.  14,  to  the  end,    xviii.  10,  to  the  end,  and  x'lx.  1-3.    Psalm  xi. 
1  Sam.  xix.  4-17,  and  Psalm  lix. 

Saul  envieth  David.  —  Chap.  xvi.  14  Saul  is  troubled  with  an  evil  spirit.  19  He  sends  for  David. — 
Chap,  xviii.  10  Saul  seeketh  to  kill  him  in  his  fury.  12  Hefeareth  him  for  his  good  success,  17 
offeretk  him  Ins  daughters  for  a  siiare.  22  David,  persuaded  to  be  the  king's  son-in-law,  giveth 
two  hundred  foreskins  of  the  Philistines  for  MichaVs  downj.  28  Saul's  hatred,  and  David's 
glory  imreaseth.  —  Chap.  xix.  1  Jonathan  discloseth  his  father's  purpose  to  kill  David.  David's 
psalm  of  praise.  4  Jonathan  persuadeth  his  father  to  reconciliation.  8  By  reason  of  David's 
good  success  in  a  new  war,  Saul's  malicious  rage  breaketh  out  against  him.  12  Michal  deceiveth 
Iter  father  with  an  image  in  David's  bed.     His  psalm. 

^  And  David  went  out  whithersoever  Saul  sent  him,  and  1 S^^^^- ^viii. 
\?'.'u,''iir3o.'    *behaved  himself  wisely  :  and  Saul  set  him  over  the  men  of      ""  ' " 

war,  and  he  was  accepted  in  the  sight  of  all  the  people,  and  also  in  the 

sight  of  Saul's  servants. 

•5  And  it  came  to  pass  as  they  came,  when  David  was  returned  from 
t  Or,  Philistines.  i\yQ  slaughter  of  the  tPhilistine,  that  "the  women  came  out  of  all  the  cities 
"n^'zl^''^^'  ■'"■  of  Israel,  singing  and  dancing,  to  meet  king  Saul,  with  tabrets,  with 
X  Heb.  three-  joy,  and  with  tinstruments  of  music.  ^  And  the  women  ''answered  one 
*(rm£  iTMru-  g^j^Q^j^gj.  g^g  ^|^gy  played,  and  said, — 
J  Ex.  15.21.  "  Saul  'hath  slain  his  thousands, 

«4^|;2i-  11-  ^  And  David  his  ten  thousands." 

*Reh.waseviiin       ^  And  Saul  was  very  wroth,  and  the  saying  *displeased  him;  and  he 
h^  eyes.  Ec.  4.  ^^.^^  ,,  rpj^^^  j^^^^  EScrlbcd  unto  David  ten  thousands,  and  to  me  they 

have  ascribed  but  thousands  ;  and  what  can  he  have  more  but  the 


dJa.  16.  20.    Ps.  1 

51.  11. 


kingdom  ? "  ^  And  Saul  eyed  David  from  that  day  and  forward. 


^  But  ''the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  departed  from  Saul,  and  'an  i  Sam.  xvi. 

e  ju.  9.  23.  evil  spirit  from  the  Lord  ttroubled  him.   ^^  And  Saul's  servants  ^4,  to  end. 

1 0r,  terrified.       g^jj  u^to  him,  '' Behold  now,  an  evil  spirit  from  God  troubleth  thee. 

^lo^'s^''^^'  ^^''  ^^Let  '^*'our  lord  now  command  thy  servants,  which  are -naefore  thee, 
to  seek  out  a  man,  who  is  a  cunning  player  on  a  harp ;  and  it  shall 
come  to  pass,  when  the  evil  spirit  from  God  is  upon  thee,  that  he  shall 

£•2X1.3.15.  ^piay  with  his  hand,  and  thou  shall  be  well."  ^^  And  Saul  said  unto 
his  servants,  "  Provide  me  now  a  man  that  can  play  well,  and  bring 
him  to  me."  ^^  Then  answered  one  of  the  servants,  and  said,  "  Behold, 
I  have  seen  a  son  of  Jesse  the  Beth-lehemite,  that  is  cunning  in  playing, 

J  Or,  speech.  and  a  mighty  valiant  man,  and  a  man  of  war,  and  prudent  in  tmatters, 
and  a  comely  person,  and  the  Lord  is  with  him." 

^^  Wherefore  Saul  sent  messengers  unto  Jesse,  and  said,  "  Send  me 

'^Jeeija-jo- 27.  David  thy  son,  which  is  with   the  sheep."  ^o  And  Jesse   "took  an   ass 
11.  Pr.'is.'ik  '  laden  with  bread,  and  a  bottle  of  wine,  and  a  kid,  and  sent  them  by 

'■  See  Ge.  41. 46.  David  his  SOU  uuto  Saul.  21  And  David  came  to  Saul,  and  'stood  before 
him  ;  and  he  loved  him  greatly  ;  and  he  became  his  armorbearer.  ~^  And 
Saul  sent  to  Jesse,  saying,  "  Let  David,  I  pray  thee,  stand  before  me ; 
for  he  hath  found  favor  in  my  sight."  23  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
the  evil  spirit  from  God  was  upon  Saul,  that  David  took  a  harp,  and 
played  with  his  hand  :  so  Saul  w^as  refreshed,  and  was  well,  and  the 
evil  spirit  departed  from  him. 

(29)  In  confirmation  of  Bishop  Horsley's  arrange-  turned  only  to  the  court  when  the  malady  of  his 

ment  (vide  Note  26),  it  may  be  observed,  that  it  is  sovereign  required  his  presence.     The  apparent  ca- 

probable  David  might  retire  from  court  on  discov-  priciousness  of  Saul's  conduct  probably  arose  from 

ering  the  jealousy  excited  in  the  mind  of  Saul  after  the  sudden  returns  of  his  disorder;   and  at  other 

the  songs  and  dances  of  the  women,  (1  Sam.  xviii.  times  from  the  suspicions  he  might  entertain  towards 

6);  he  might  have  gone  home  to  his  father,  and  re-  the  anointed  successor  of  his  crown. 


408  HISTORY  OF  DAVID  TILL  HE  FLIES  FROM  SAUL.     [Period  IV. 


And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  the  evil  spirit  ^^^"• 


"1  Ki.  18.  29.      ^ro"^  Crod  Came  upon  Saul,  ^and  he  prophesied  in  the  midst       >  "  "'  • 

Acuie.  16.        of  the  house  :  and  David  played  with  his  hand,  as  at  other  times  ;  and 

there  was  a  javelin  in  Saul's  hand.  ^^  And  Saul  cast  the  javelin  ;  for  he 

said,  "  I  will  smite  David  even  to  the  wall  with  it."  And  David  avoided 

out  of  his  presence  twice. 

^-  And  Saul  was  afraid  of  David,  because   the  Lord  was  with  him, 

and  was  departed  from  Saul.  ^^  Therefore  Saul  removed  him  from  him, 

''zsl'.Hh}^'      and  made  him  his  captain  over   a  thousand;  and '^^he  went   out  and 

*  Or,  prospered,   camc  iu  bcforc  the  people.  '''And  David  *behaved  himself  wisely  in 

igJ  39.2  3  23.  ^^^  ^^'^  wavs  ;  and  'the  Lord  was  with   him.   ^^  Wherefore  when  Saul 

Jos.  6.2?!  '       saw  that  he  behaved  himself  very  wisely,  he  was  afraid  of  him.  ^""But 

all  Israel  and  Judah  loved  David,  because  he  went  out  and  came  in 

before  them. 

^"^  And    Saul  said  to    David,  "  Behold   my  elder  daughter   Merab, 
misa.  17.25.      "j^g^  ^yjjj  J  gj^g  ^j-,gg  ^q  ^yjfg  .  Qj^]y  J3g  ^j^Q^j  f valiant  for  me,  and   fight 

vailr'.  "  *""  "     "the  Lord's  battles."  For  Saul  said,  "  Let  "not  my  hand  be  upon  him, 

»^"-32.  20,  27,  but  let  the  hand  of  the  Philistines  be  upon  him."  ^^  And  David  said 

o2Sa.  12.9.        unto  Saul,  "  Who  ^am  I?  and  what  is  my  life,  or  my  father's  family  in 

y  \,sa^  9-g2i-     Israel,  that  I  should  be  son-in-law  to  the  king  ?  "  ^^  But  it  came  to  pass 

at  the  time  when  Merab  Saul's  daughter   should   have  been   given  to 

r  Ju^  7  22.^'        David,  that  she  was  given  unto  'Adriel  the  'Meholathite  to  wife,  ^o  And 

Michal  Saul's  daughter  loved  David  ;  and  they  told  Saul,  and  the  thing 

t.^|b.^«°-s  right  tpleascd  him.  ^^  And  Saul  said,  '•  I  will  give  him  her,  that  she  may  be 

eEx.  10. 7.  a  "snare  to  him,  and  that  the  hand  of  the  Philistines  may  be  against 

him."  Wherefore  Saul  said  to  David,  "Thou  shalt  this  day  be  my 

son-in-law  in  the  one  of  the  twain." 

"  And  Saul  commanded  his  servants,  saying,  "  Commune  with  David 

secretly,  and   say,  Behold,  the   king  hath  delight  in   thee,  and  all   his 

servants  love  thee  :   now  therefore   be  the  king's  son-in-law."  -^And 

Saul's  servants  spake  those  words  in  the  ears  of  David.    And  David 

said,  "  Seemeth  it  to  you  a  light  thing  to  be  a  king's  son-in-law,  seeing 

that  I  am  a  poor  man,  and  lightly  esteemed  ? "  "^  And  the  servants  of 

*t"r/L'to^!''°  ^^"1  told  him,  saying,  "  *0n  this  manner  spake  David."  ^5  a,-,(J  g^ul 

tGe.  34. 12.  Ex.  Said,  "  Thus  shall  ye  say  to  David,  The  king  dcsireth  not  any  'dowry, 

uTsa^  H  '>!       ^"t  ^"   hundred    foreskins   of  the  Philistines,  to  be  "avenged  of  the 

king's  enemies."  But   Saul  thought  to  make  David  fall  by  the  hand 

of  the  Philistines.  ~^  And  when  his  servants  told  David  these  words,  it 

pleased  David  well  to  be  the  king's  son-in-law  :  and  the  days  were  not 

^iieh. fulfilled,      texpired.  -"  Wherefore  David  arose  and  went,  he   and   his   men,  and 

«2Sa. 3. 14.        slew  of  the  Philistines  two  hundred  men  ;  and  'David   brought  their 

foreskins,  and  they  gave  them  in  full  talc  to  the  king,  that  he  might  be 

the  king's  son-in-law.  And  Saul  gave  him  Michal  his  daughter  to  wife. 

~*  And  Saul  saw  and  knew  that  the  Lord  was  with  David,  and  that 

Michal  Saul's  daughter  loved  him.  ~''  And  Saul  was  yet  the  more  afraid 

of  David  ;  and  Saul  became  David's  enemy  continually.  ^"  Then   the 

princes  of  the  Philistines  went  forth  :  and  it  came  to  pass,  after  they 

went  forth,  that  David  behaved  himself  more  wisely  than  all  the  servants 

J  H^''- 1^«<^'"'^-   of  Saul  ;  so  that  his  name  was  much  Jset  by. 

2Ki.'i.  i3r  i's.       ^  And  Saul  spake  to  Jonathan  his  son,  and  to  all  his  ser-  i  Sam.  xix. 
"^'  ^^'  vants,  that  they  should  kill  David.  -  But  Jonathan  SauFs  son        1-=^- 

delighted  much  in  David  ;  and  Jonathan  told  David,  saying,  "  Saul 
my  father  seeketh  to  kill  thee  :  now  therefore,  I  pray  thee,  take  heed  to 
thyself  until  the  morning,  and  abide  in  a  secret  ])lace,  and  hide  thyself: 
^  and  I  will  go  out  and  stand  beside  my  father  in  the  field  where  thou 
art,  and  I  w  ill  commune  with  my  father  of  thee  ;  and  what  I  see,  that 
I  will  tell  thee." 


i 


Part  VI.] 


HISTORY  OF  DAVID  TILL  HE  FLIES  FROM  SAUL.        409 


C7  Ps.  56.  11. 

b  See  1  Sa.  26.  IS 

20. 
c  Ps.  64.  3,  4. 
d  Ps.  21.  12. 
*  Heb.  in  dark- 


f  Ha.  2.  20. 

g  Ps.  2.  4.  Is.  66. 

1.    Mat.  5.  34. 

Acts  7.  49.  Rev. 

4.2. 

A  Ps.  33.  13. 
iGe.  22.  1.  Ja.  1. 

12. 
j  See  Ge.  19.  24. 
f  Or,  quick  burning 

coals. 
J  Or,  a  burning 

tempest. 
k  See  Ge.  43.  34. 

1  Sa.   1,  4.    Ps. 

75.  8. 
I  Ps.  45.  7. 
TO  Job  36.  7.    Ps. 

33.  18.   1  Pet.  3. 

12. 
n  Pr.  31.  8,  9. 
0  Ge.  42.  23.    Ps. 

35.  12.  &  109.  5. 

Pr.   17.  13.    Je. 

18.  20. 
p  Ju.  9.  17.  &  12. 

3.    1  Sa.  28.  21. 

Ps.  119.  109. 
g  1  Sa.  17.  49,  50. 
r  1  Sa.  11.   13. 

1  Ch.  11.  14. 
s  1  Sa.  20.  32. 
t  Mat.  27.  4. 
*  Heb.  yesterday 

third  day. 


t  Heb.  his  face. 


PSALM  XI.(29> 

David  encourageth  himself  in  God  against  his  enemies.    4  The  providence  andjmtice  of  God. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  In  "the  Lord  put  I  my  trust : 

How  ''say  ye  to  my  soul,  "  Flee  as  a  bird  to  your  mountain?" 
2  For,  lo  !  'the  wicked  bend  their  bow, 

They  ''make  ready  their  arrow  upon  the  string, 

That  they  may  *  privily  shoot  at  the  upright  in  heart. 
^  If  'the  foundations  be  destroyed, 

What  can  the  righteous  do  ? 

^  The  ■''Lord  is  in  his  holy  temple, 

The  Lord's  ^throne  is  in  heaven : 

His  ''eyes  behold,  his  eyelids  try,  the  children  of  men. 
^  The  Lord  'trieth  the  righteous : 

But  the  wicked  and  him  that  loveth  violence  his  soul  hateth. 
^  Upon  ^the  wicked  he  shall  rain  tsnares, 

Fire  and  brimstone,  and  la  horrible  tempest : 

This  "shall  be  the  portion  of  their  cup. 
^  For  the  righteous  Lord  'loveth  righteousness ; 

His  "countenance  doth  behold  the  upright. 

^  And  Jonathan  "spake  good  of  David  unto  Saul  his  1  ^^^- ^i^- 
father,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Let  not  the  king  "sin  against  his 
servant,  against  David,  because  he  hath  not  sinned  against  thee,  and 
because  his  works  have  been  to  thee-ward  very  good  ;  ^  for  he  did  put 
his  ^'life  in  his  hand,  and  'slew  the  Philistine,  and  '^the  Lord  wrought  a 
great  salvation  for  all  Israel :  thou  sawest  it,  and  didst  rejoice  :  'where- 
fore then  wilt  thou  'sin  against  innocent  blood,  to  slay  David  without  a 
cause  ?  "  ^  And  Saul  hearkened  unto  the  voice  of  Jonathan  ;  and  Saul 
sware,  "  As  the  Lord  liveth,  he  shall  not  be  slain !  "  ''  And  Jonathan 
called  David,  and  Jonathan  showed  him  all  those  things.  And  Jonathan 
brought  David  to  Saul,  and  he  was  in  his  presence,  as  *in  times  past. 

^  And  there  was  war  again  :  and  David  went  out,  and  fought  with 
the  Philistines,  and  slew  them  with  a  great  slaughter  ;  and  they  fled 
from  Ihim.  ^  And  the  evil  spirit  from  the  Lord  was  upon  Saul,  as  he 
sat  in  his  house  with  his  javeUn  in  his  hand :  and  David  played  with  his 
hand.  i°  And  Saul  sought  to  smite  David  even  to  the  wall  with  the 
javelin  ;  but  he  slipped  away  out  of  Saul's  presence,  and  he  smote  the 
javelin  into  the  wall :  and  David  fled,  and  escaped  that  night.  ^^  Saul 
"also  sent  messengers  unto  David's  house,  to  watch  him,  and  to  slay 
him  in  the  morning  ;  and  Michal  David's  wife*'"*  told  him,  saying, "  If 
thou  save  not  thy  life  to-night,  to-morrow  thou  shalt  be  slain." 


(^)  This  Psalm  seems  to  have  been  composed  by 
David,  when,  in  order  to  avoid  the  evil  designs  of 
Saul,  his  friends  advised  him  to  flee  to  the  moun- 
tainous parts  of  Judea.  Edwards;  Green;  Cal- 
met. 

(30)  The  date  of  David's  marriage  with  Michal 
is  uncertain.  Dr.  Hales  supposes  that  five  years 
elapsed  between  his  conquest  of  Goliath  and  his 
marriage  ;  because  that  time  appears  to  him  requi- 
site for  the  intervening  events,  and  for  the  establish- 
ment of  the  popularity  and  character  of  David. 
The  marriage  and  tlie  victory  over  Goliath  are  sup- 
posed in  the  Bible  Chronology  to  have  occurred  in 
the  same  year.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  it  took 
place  some  time  after  the  overthrow  of  the  cham- 
pion of  Gath  ;  as  David,  according  to  Bishop  Hors- 
ley's  supposition,  returned  home  to  his  father,  and 
was  again  invited  to  court,  and  made  the  armor- 
bearer  of  Saul.  This  was  a  post  of  confidence  and 
affection ;    and  while    David    continued   in    it,   he 

VOL.  I.  52 


greatly  distinguished  himself  in  war,  and  ingra- 
tiated himself  with  the  people.  The  affections  of 
Saul,  however,  soon  changed  ;  but  the  son  of  Jesse 
still  continued  firmly  established  in  the  hearts  of 
the  people.  It  was  attempted  therefore  to  remove 
him  by  stratagem.  Tlie  king's  daughter  was  offered 
him  in  marriage,  on  condition  that  he  killed  a 
certain  number  of  the  enemy.  But  this  exposure 
to  danger,  instead  of  the  desired  effect,  only  served 
to  increase  his  fame  ;  and  he  became  the  son-in-law 
of  Saul.  It  is  not  probable  that  all  these  events 
could  have  happened  in  one  year ;  but  still  five  are 
not  required  ;  for  if  so  long  a  space  was  given  to  his 
residence  at  the  court  of  Saul,  we  should  too  much 
abridge  the  time  assigned  to  his  wandering  in  the 
wilderness,  in  the  hill  country,  &c.  I  have  on 
these  grounds  therefore  rejected  the  date  given  in 
the  Bible  Chronology,  as  well  as  that  of  Dr.  Hales ; 
and  allowed  three'  years  from  the  victory  over 
Goliath  till  the   marriage,  and  flight,  by  means  of 

2i 


410 


HISTORY  OF  DAVID  TILL  HE  FLIES  FROM  SAUL.     [Period  IV, 


V  So  Jos.  2.  15. 

Ac.  9.  24,  25. 
t  Heb.  teraphim. 

Ge.  31.  19. 


te  9  Sa.  2.  22. 


«  Or,  Destroy  not, 
A  golden  Psalm 
of  David.  Ps. 
57,  title. 

t  1  Sa.  19.  11. 

a?a.  18.48. 

J  Heb.  set  me  on 


high. 


b  Ps.  56.  6. 
e  1  Sa.  24.  11. 


*  Heb.  to  meet 
me.  Ps.  35.  23 
&  44.23. 


<i  Ps.  57.  4.  Pr. 

12.  18. 
e  Ps.  10.  11,  13. 

See  Job  22.  13. 
/ISa.  19.  16.  Ps. 

2.4. 


t  Heb.  my  high 

place.  Ps.  02.  2. 
^  Ps.  21.  3.     Or, 

go  before  me — 

Ed. 
h  Ps.  54.  7.  &  92. 

11.  &.  112.  8. 
J  Heb.  mi/ie  ob- 

scri-ers,  Ps. 

5(>.  2. 
t  So  Ge.  4.  12, 

15. 
j  Pr.  12.  13.  & 

18.7. 

fe  Ps.  7.  9. 


m  See  Job  15.  23. 

*  Heb.  to  eat. 

t  Or,  If  they  be 
not  satisfed,  then 
they  will  stay  all 
night. 


^^  So  Michal  let  David  down  through  a  window  ;  and  he  went,  and 
fled,  and  escaped.  ^■'And  Michal  took  an  liniage,  and  laid  it  in  the 
bed,  and  put  a  pillow  of  goats'  hair  for  his  bolster,  and  covered  it  with 
a  cloth.  '"*  And  when  Saul  sent  messengers  to  take  David,  she  said^ 
"  He  is  sick."  ^^  And  Saul  sent  the  messengers  again  to  see  David, 
saying,  "  Bring  him  up  to  me  in  the  bed,  that  I  may  slay  him."  ^^  And 
when  the  messengers  were  come  in,  behold,  there  was  an  image  in  the 
bed,  with  a  pillow  of  goats'  hair  for  his  bolster.  ^^  And  Saul  said  unto 
Michal,  "  Why  hast  thou  deceived  me  so,  and  sent  away  mine  enemy, 
that  he  is  escaped  ?  "  And  Michal  answered  Saul,  "  He  said  unto  me, 
'  Let  me  go  ;  "'why  should  I  kill  thee  ? '  " 

PSALM    LIX.(3i) 

David  prayeih  to  be  delivered  from  his  enemies.     6  He  complaineth  of  their  crueltij.     8  He  trnstetit 
in  God.     11  He  prayeth  against  them.     16  He  praiseth  God. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  *Al-taschilh,  Michtam  of  David ;  fwhen  Saul  sent,  and  they  watched  the 
house  to  kill  him. 

^  Deliver  "me  from  mine  enemies,  O  my  God  ! 
tDefend  me  from  them  that  rise  up  against  me. 
^  Deliver  me  from  the  workers  of  iniquity, 
And  save  me  from  bloody  men. 

^  For,  lo !  they  lie  in  wait  for  my  soul : 
The  ''mighty  are  gatiiered  against  me ; 
Not  Tor  my  transgression,  nor  for  my  sin,  O  Lord  ! 
^  They  run  and  prepare  themselves  without  my  fault : 

Awake  *to  help  me,  and  behold. 
^  Thou  therefore,  O  Lord  God  of  hosts  !  (the  God  of  Israel) 
Awake  to  visit  all  the  heathen  : 
Be  not  merciful  to  any  wicked  transgressors.     Selah  1 

^  They  return  at  evening  : 
They  make  a  noise  like  a  dog, 
And  go  round  about  the  city. 
"^  Behold,  they  belch  out  with  their  mouth  ; 
Swords  ''are  in  their  lips : 
For  "  Who,"  say  'they,  "  doth  hear  ?  " 
^  But  -^thou,  O  Lord  !  shalt  laugh  at  them  ; 
Thou  shalt  have  all  the  heathen  in  derision. 

^  Because  of  his  strength  will  I  wait  upon  thee : 
For  God  is  tmy  defence. 
^°  The  God  of  my  mercy  shall  ^prevent  me  : 

God  shall  let  ''me  see  my  desire  upon  tmine  enemies, 
^^  Slay  Hhem  not,  lest  my  people  forget : 
Scatter  them  by  thy  power  ; 
And  bring  them  down,  O  Lord  our  shield ! 
^^  For  -'the  sin  of  their  mouth  and  the  words  of  their  lips 
Let  them  even  be  taken  in  their  pride  ; 
And  for  cursing  and  lying  which  they  speak. 
^^  Consume  '^them  in  wrath, 

Consume  them,  that  they  may  not  be  : 
And  'let  them  know  that  God  ruleth  in  Jacob 
Unto  the  ends  of  the  earth.     Selah  ! 
^■^  And  at  evening  let  them  return  ; 
And  let  them  make  a  noise  like  a  dog, 
And  go  round  about  the  city. 
^^  Let  them  "'wander  up  and  down  *for  meat, 
f  And  grudge  if  they  be  not  satisfied. 


Michal,   from   the   court  of  Saul. 
Analysis,  vol.  ii.  p.  351. 


Vide    Hales'         (^')  Psalm  li.x.  is  inserted  here  on  the  authority  of 
Bishop  Home  and  Dr.  Gray,  and  the  Hebrew  liU'.\ 


DAVID  FLIES  TO  RAMAH. 


411 


A.  M.  2943. 

B. C.  1061. 

Hales,  1074. 

Ramah. 


^^  But  I  will  sing  of  thy  power  ; 
Yea,  I  will  .sing  aloud  of  thy  mercy  in  the  morning : 
For  thou  hast  been  my  defence  and  refuge  in  the  day  of  my  trouble. 

Ex.  15.2.         17  u^tQ  thee,  "O  my  strength  !  will  I  sing  ; 

For  God  is  my  defence,  and  the  God  of  my  mercy. 

SECT.  VIII.    Sect.  VIII. David  files  to  Ramah ; — Covenant  hetioeen  him  and  Jonathan. 

1  Samuel  xix.  18,  to  the  end,  and  chap   xx. 

David  cometh  to  Samuel  in  Naiotli.  20  SauVs  messengers,  sejit  to  take  David,  22  and  Saul  himself, 
prophesy.  —  Chap.  xx.  1  Dai'id  consulteth  with  Jonathan  for  his  safety.  11  Jonathan  and  David 
renew  their  covenant  by  oath.  18  Jonathan's  token  to  David.  24  Saul,  missing  David,  seeketh 
to  kill  Jonathan.     35  Jonatlian  lovingly  taketh  his  leave  of  David. 

1®  So  David  fled,  and  escaped,  and  came  to  Samuel  to  Ramah,  and 
told  him  all  that  Saul  had  done  to  him.  And  he  and  Samuel  went 
and  dwelt  in  Naioth.  ^^  And  it  was  told  Saul,  saying,  "  Behold,  David 
is  at  Naioth  in  Ramah."  ^^  And  "Saul  sent  messengers  to  take  David : 
'and  when  they  saw  the  company  of  the  prophets  prophesying,  and 
Samuel  standing  as  appointed  over  them,  the  Spirit  of  God  was  upon 
the  messengers  of  Saul,  and  they  also  'prophesied.  ~^  And  when  it 
was  told  Saul,  he  sent  other  messengers,  and  they  prophesied  likewise. 
And  Saul  sent  messengers  again  the  third  time,  and  they  prophesied 
also.  -^  Then  went  he  also  to  Ramah,  and  came  to  a  great  well  that  is 
in  Sechu  ;  and  he  asked  and  said,  "  Where  are  Samuel  and  David  ?  " 
And  one  said,  "  Behold,  they  be  at  Naioth  in  Ramah."  ^^  And  he  went 
thither  to  Naioth  in  Ramah  ;  and  the  Spirit  of  God  was  upon  him  also, 
and  he  went  on,  and  prophesied,  until  he  came  to  Naioth  in  Ramah. 
2^  And  ''he  stripped  off  his  clothes  also,  and  prophesied  before  Samuel 
in  like  manner,  and  *lay  down  naked  all  that  day  and  all  that  night. 
Wherefore  they  say,  "  Is  Saul  also  among  the  prophets  ?  " 

^  And  *^-'David  fled  from  Naioth  in  Ramah,  and  came  and  i  Sam.  xx. 
said  before  Jonathan,  '•  What  have  I  done  ?  what  is  mine 
iniquity  ?  and  what  is  my  sin  before  thy  father,  that  he  seeketh  my 
life  ?  "  ^  And  he  said  unto  him,  "  God  forbid  !  thou  shalt  not  die  :  behold, 
my  father  will  do  nothing  either  great  or  small,  but  that  he  will  tshow 
it  me  ;  and  why  should  my  father  hide  this  thing  from  me  ?  it  is  not 
so."  3  And  David  sware  moreover,  and  said,  "  Thy  father  certainly 
knoweth  that  I  have  found  grace  in  thine  eyes  ;  and  he  saith,  '  Let  not 
Jonathan  know  this,  lest  he  be  grieved:'  but  truly  as  the  Lord  liveth, 
and  as  thy  soul  liveth,  there  is  but  a  step  between  me  and  death  !  " 
"*  Then  said  Jonathan  unto  David,  "  tWhatsoever  thy  soul  *desireth, 
I  will  even  do  it  for  thee."  ^  And  David  said  unto  Jonathan,  "  Behold, 
to-morrow  is  the  'new-moon,  and  I  should  not  fail  to  sit  with  the  king 
at  meat ;  but  let  me  go,  that  I  may  hide  myself  in  the  field  unto  the 
third  day  at  even.  ^  If  thy  father  at  all  miss  me,  then  say,  David 
earnestly  asked  leave  of  me  that  he  might  run  to  Beth-lehem  his 
city  ;  for  there  is  a  yearly  tsacrifice  there  for  all  the  family.  '''  If  ^he 
say  thus,  It  is  well  ;  thy  servant  shall  have  peace:  but  if  he  be  very 
wroth,  then  be  sure  that  ^evil  is  determined  by  him.  ^  Therefore  thou 
shalt  ''deal  kindly  with  thy  servant ;  for  'thou  hast  brought  thy  servant 
into  a  covenant  of  the  Lord  with  thee  :  notwithstanding,  ^if  there  be 
in  me  iniquity,  slay  me  thyself;  for  why  shouldest  thou  bring  me  to 
thy  father  ?  "  ^  And  Jonathan  said,  "  Far  be  it  from  thee  ;  for  if  I 


d  Is.  20.  2. 

*Heb./cH.  Nu. 
24.  4.  Mic.  1.  8. 
See  2  Sa.  6.  14, 
20. 


\  Or,  Say  lok/it  is 

thy  mind,  and  I 

will  do,  ^'c. 
*  Heb.  speaketh, 

or,  thinketh. 
e  Nu.  10. 10.  & 

28.  11. 


(32)  Bishop  Horsley  is  of  opinion  that  Samuel 
died  about  this  time,  and  that,  at  his  death,  David 
fled  from  Ramah  ;  for  in  all  his  ensuing  difficulties, 
David  consulted  Ahimelech  and  not  Samuel,  as  he 
had  been  accustomed  to  do  (ch.  x.xi.),  or  Gad  (xxii. 
5.),  or  Abiathar  (xxxiii.  9,  12.)  I  have  not,  how- 
ever, altered  the  Bible  arrangement  upon  these 
conjectural  reasons.     Samuel  was  now  ninety  years 


of  age.  He  mi^ht  have  been  rendered  by  infirmity 
incapable  of  directing  David.  In  addition  to 
which,  it  must  be  remembered  that  immediately  on 
Samuel's  death,  we  read  that  David  fled  to  the  wil- 
derness, (1  Sam.  XXV.  1.)  The  mere  existence  of 
Samuel,  from  the  prophet's  influence  in  the  towns 
and  cities  of  Israel,  seems  to  have  been  a  defence 
to  David. — Horsley,  Bib.  Crit.  in  loc. 


412  COVENANT  BETWEEN  DAVID  AND  JONATHAN.      [Period  IV, 

knew  certainly  that  evil  were  determined  by  my  father  to  come  upon 
thee,  then  would  not  I  tell  it  thee  ?  "  ^^  Then  said  David  to  Jonathan, 
"  Who  shall  tell  me  ?  or  what  if  thy  father  answer  thee  roughly  ?  " 

^^  And  Jonathan  said  unto  David,  '•'  Come,  and  let  us  go  out  into  the 

field."     And  tliey  went  out  both  of  them  into  the  field.  ^~  And  Jon- 

l  Heb.  searched,    athan  Said  unto  David,  "  O  Lokd  God  of  Israel !  when  I  have  tsounded 

my  father  about  to-morrow  any  time,  or  the  third  day,  and,  behold,  if 

•  Heb.  uncover ^  there  bc  good  toward  David,  and  I  then  send  not  unto  thee,  and  *show 

mee^ir.  ver.  .  .^  ^^^^  _  ^^  ^^^^  LoRD  do  SO  and  nmch  more  to  Jonathan  :  but  if  it  please 
my  father  to  do  thee  evil,  tlien  I  will  show  it  thee,  and  send  thee  away, 
V''V'iVh^22  ^^^^^  ^^^"  mayest  go  in  peace  ;  and  *the  Lord  be  with  thee,  as  he  hath 
n,  16.  '  '  been  with  my  father.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  not  only  while  yet  I  live  show 
z2Sa.  9. 1,  a,  7.  me  the  kindness  of  the  Lord,  that  I  die  not ;  ^^  but  also  'thou  shalt  not 
^^^'  '■  cut  off  thy  kindness  from  my  house  for  ever :  no,  not  when  the  Lord 

hath  cut  off  the  enemies  of  David  every  one  from  the  face  of  the  earth." 
t  Heb.  cut.  16  gQ  Jonathan  tmade  a  covenant  with  the  house  of  David,  saying, 

mSeeisa.31.2.  "Let  "the  LoRD  cvcn  require  it  at  the  hand  of  David's  enemies." 
^  a.  .  .  .  ^^  ^^^  Jonathan  caused  David  to  swear  again,  tbecause  he  loved  him  ; 
t  Or,  by  his  lave    f^j.  j^g  lovcd  him  as  he  loved  his  own  soul.  ^^  Then  Jonathan  said  to 

toward  mm.  i     i       i  •  i 

David,  "  To-morrow  is  the  new  moon  :    and   thou    shalt   be  missed, 

*  Heb.  missed.  bccausc  thy  seat  will  be  *empty.  ^^  And  when  thou  hast  staid  three 
t  Or,  diligently,  days,  then  thou  shalt  go  down  tquickly,  and  come  to  the  place  where 
^nlh^inth!'day  thou  didst  hide  thyself  twhen   the   business   was   in   hand,   and  shalt 

of  the  business,    remain  by  the  stone  *Ezel.  ^o  And  I  will  shoot  three   arrows  on  the 

*u^Jway!''""°'^  side  thereof,  as  though  I  shot  at  a  mark.  -^  And,  behold,  I  will  send 

a  lad,  saying.  Go  find  out  the  arrows.  If  I  expressly  say  unto  the  lad, 

Behold,  the  arrows  are  on   this  side  of  thee,  take  them  ;  then  come 

f  Heb.  not  any      thou  ;  for  there   is  peace  to  thee,  and  tno  hurt ;  as  the  Lord  liveth! 

'^"^'  '"^But  if  I   say  thus  unto  the   young   man.   Behold,  the   arrows   are 

beyond  thee  ;  go  thy  way  :  for  the  Lord  hath  sent  thee  away.  ^^  And 
as  touching  the  matter  which  thou  and  I  have  spoken  of,  behold,  the 
Lord  be  between  thee  and  me  for  ever  !  " 

24  So  David  hid  himself  in  the  field  :  and  when  the  new  moon  was 
come,  the  king  sat  him  down  to  eat  meat.  ^^  And  the  king  sat  upon 
his  seat,  as  at  other  times,  even  upon  a  seat  by  the  wall ;  and  Jonathan 
arose,  and  Abner  sat  by  Saul's  side,  and  David's  place  was  empty. 

26  Nevertheless  Saul  spake  not  any  thing  that  day ;  for  he   thought, 
n  Le.  7. 21.  &.  15.  '.'  Something  hath  befallen  him,  he  is  "not  clean  ;  surely  he  is  not  clean." 

27  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  which  was  the  second  day  of 
the  month,  that  David's  place  was  empty  ;  and  Saul  said  unto  Jona- 
than his  son,  "  Wherefore  cometh  not  the  son  of  Jesse  to  meat,  neither 
yesterday  nor  to-day  ?  "  -^  And  Jonathan  answered  Saul,  "  David  earn- 
estly asked  leave  of  me  to  go  to  Beth-lehem  ;  -^  and  he  said,  '  Let  me 
go,  I  pray  thee ;  for  our  family  hath  a  sacrifice  in  the  city,  and  my 
brother,  he  hath  commanded  me  to  be  there  ;  and  now,  if  I  have  found 
favor  in  thine  eyes,  let  me  get  away,  I  pray  thee,  and  see  my  brethren.' 
Therefore  he  cometh  not  unto  the"  king's  table."  '^^  Then  Saul's  anger 

^  ^'se'^ebySeh  ^^^^  kiudlcd  agalust  Jonathan,  and  he  said  unto  him,  "  tThou  son  of 
l7n'o7perverse '  thc  pcrvcrsc  rcbelUous  woman !  do  not  I  know  that  thou  hast  chosen 
rebeuion.  ^^^  ^^^  ^^  j^^^^  ^^  ^j^.^^^  ^^^^  coufusiou,  and  unto  the  confusion  of 

thy  mother's  nakedness  ?  ^i  For  as  long  as  the  son  of  Jesse  liveth  upon 
the  ground,  thou  shalt  not  be  established,  nor  thy  kingdom.     Where- 
*Heh.iB  the  son    fore  uow  scud  and  fetch  him  unto  me,  for  he  "shall  surely  die."  ^^And 
''^'^"^'  Jonathan  answered  Saul   his  father,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Wherefore 

"  "^u^'sTiif  ■  "^'^^^^  '*®  ^^  ^^^'"  ■  ^^'^^^*  *^^^'^  *^^  ^^"^  •  "  ^^  ^"^"^^  ^^"^  ^'^^^  ^  javelin  at 
him  to  smite  him;  whereby  Jonathan  knew  that  it  was  determined 
of  his   father  to  slay  David.  ^^  So  Jonathan  arose   from  the  table  in 


Part  VI.] 


DAVID  FLIES  TO  AHIMELECH  AT  NOB. 


413 


*  Heb.  that  was 
his. 


t  Or,  tJie  LORD 
be  witness  of 
tliat  which,  ^'c. 
See  vet.  23. 


SECT.    IX. 

A.  M.  2944. 

B.  C.  1060. 
Hales,  J074. 

Nob,  Gath, 

Cave  of  Adul- 

1am. 


fierce  anger,  and  did  eat  no  meat  the  second  day  of  the  month  ;  fo*- 
he  was  grieved  for  David,  because  his  father  had  done  Iiim  shame. 

35  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  morning,  that  Jonathan  went  out  into 
the  field  at  the  time  appointed  with  David,  and  a  Uttle  lad  with  him. 
^^  And  he  said  unto  his  lad,  "  Run,  find  out  now  the  arrows  which  I 
shoot."  And  as  the  lad  ran,  he  shot  an  arrow  tbeyond  him.  ^^  And 
when  the  lad  was  come  to  the  place  of  the  arrow  which  Jonathan  had 
shot,  Jonathan  cried  after  the  lad,  and  said,  "  Is  not  the  arrow  beyond 
thee  ?  "  3s  And  Jonathan  cried  after  the  lad,  "  Make  speed,  haste,  stay 
not."  And  Jonathan's  lad  gathered  up  the  arrows,  and  came  to  his 
master.  ^^  But  the  lad  knew  not  any  thing  ;  only  Jonathan  and  David 
knew  the  matter.  ""^  And  Jonathan  gave  his  tartillery  unto  *his  lad,  and 
said  unto  him,  "Go,  carry  them  to  the  city." 

^^  And  as  soon  as  the  lad  was  gone,  David  arose  out  of  a  place 
toward  the  south,  and  fell  on  his  face  to  the  ground,  and  bowed  him- 
self three  times  ;  and  they  kissed  one  another,  and  wept  one  with 
another,  until  David  exceeded.  ^^  And  Jonathan  said  to  David,  "  Go 
in  peace,  tforasmuch  as  we  have  sworn  both  of  us  in  the  name  of  the 
Lord,  saying,  '  The  Lord  be  between  me  and  thee,  and  between  my 
seed  and  thy  seed  for  ever ! '  "  And  he  arose  and  departed  ;  and  Jona- 
than went  into  the  city. 

Section  IX. David  flics  to  Ahimelech  at  Noh,from  whom  he  obtains  the 

Hallotced  Bread,  thence  to  Achish  king  of  Goth,  where  he  feigns  madness  ; — 
His  Psalms  ; — He  escapes  to  the  Cave  of  Adullam  ; — His  prayer  ; — He  is 
joined  by  the  Chief  Men. 
1  Sam.  xxi.— Psalms  Ivi.  and  xxxiv.— 1  Sam.  xxii.  jjart  ofver.  1.— Psalm  cxlii.— 1  Sam. 
xxii.  remainder  ofver.  l,and  2.— 1  Chron.  xii.  8-18.— 2  Sam.  xxiii.  13-17.— 1  Chron. 

xi.  15-19. 

'.  1  sa.  14. 3,  ^  Then  came  David  to  Nob  to  "Ahimelech  the  priest ;  and  Ahimelech 

cMediui'^Mi-  was  'afraid  at  the  meeting  of  David,  and   said  unto  him,  "  Why  art 

atLr,Mark-2.26.  ^\^q^  aloHC,  and  HO  man  with  thee  ?  "  ^  And  David  said  unto  Ahimelech 

'  ^  ^*-  ^^-  "*•        the  priest,  "  The  king  hath  commanded  me  a  business,  and  hath  said 

unto  me,  '  Let  no  man  know  any  thing  of  the  business  whereabout  I 

send  thee,  and  what  I  have  commanded  thee  ;  and  I  have   appointed 

my  servants  to  such  and  such  a  place.'  ^  Now  therefore  what  is  under 

thy  hand  ?  give  me  five  loaves  of  bread  in  my  hand,  or  what   there  is 

i-Heh.fouHd.       *present."  ''And  the  priest  answered  David,  and  said,  "  There  is  no 

; Ex.25. 30. Le.   commou  bread  under  my  hand,  but  there  is  'hallowed  bread;  "^if  the 

24. 5.  Mat.  12. 4.  y^^j^g  ^^^^  jj^^g  l^gpt  themsclves  at  least  from  women."  ^  And  David 

answered  the  priest,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Of  a  truth  women  have  been 

kept  from  us  about  these  three  days,  since  I  came  out,  and  the  'vessels 

of  the  young  men  are  holy,  and  the  bread  is  in  a  manner  common,  tyea, 

though  it  were  sanctified  this  day  ^in  the  vessel."  ^  So  the  priest  "gave 

him  hallowed  bread  ;  for  there  was  no  bread  there  but  the  sliowbread, 

"that  was  taken  from  before  the  Lord,  to  put  hot  bread  in  the   day 

when  it  was  taken  away.  "^  (Now  a  certain  man  of  the  servants  of  Saul 

was  there  that  day,  detained  before  the  Lord  ;  and  his  name  was  *Doeg, 

an  Edomite,  the  chiefest  of  the  herdmen  that  belonged  to  Saul.) 

«And  David  said  unto  Ahimelech,  "And  is  there  not  here  under  thy 
hand  spear  or  sword  ?  for  I  have  neither  brought  my  sword  nor  my 
weapons  with  me,  because  the  king's  business  required  haste."  ^  And 
the  priest  said,  "The  sword  of  Goliath  the  Philistine,  whom  thou  slew- 
jseeisa.31.10.  est  iu  the  valley  of  Elah,  ^behold,  it  is  here  wrapped  in  a  cloth  behind 
the  ephod :  if  thou  vA\t  take  that,  take  it ;  for  there  is  no  other  save 
that  here."    And  David  said,  "  There  is  none  like  that :  give  it  me." 

1'^  And  David  arose,  and  fled  that  day  for  fear  of  Saul,  and  went  to 
t  Achish  the  king  of  Gath.  ^^  And  the  servants  of  Achish  said  unto  him, 


d  Ex.  19.  15.  Ze. 
7.3. 

e  1  Thes.  4.  4. 

I  Or,  especially 
when  this  day 
there  is  other 
sanctified  in  the 
vessel. 

/Le.  8.  23. 

g  Mat.  12.  3,  4. 

k  Le.  24.  8,  9. 

i  Ps.  52,  title. 


J  Or,  Mimrlec. 
Ps.  34,  title. 


VOL.    I. 


2i 


414  DAVID  GOES  TO  ACfflSH  AT  GATH.  [Period  IV. 

"  Is  not  this  David  the  king  of  the  land  ?  did  they  not  sing  one   to 
k  1  sa.  18. 7.       another  of  him  in  dances,  *saying, — 

'  Saul  hath  slain  his  thousands, 
And  David  his  ten  thousands  ? '  " 

^~  And  David  laid  up  these  words  in  his  heart,  and  was  sore  afraid  of 

Achish  the  king  of  Gath.   ^^  And  he  changed  his  behaviour  before  them, 
*OT,vuuUmarks.  and  fcigucd  himself  mad  in  their  hands,  and  *scrabbled  on  the  doors  of 

the  gate,  and  let  his  spittle  fall  down  upon  his  beard.  ^'^  Then  said 
^or^piayeththe    Achish  uuto  his  scrvauts,  "  Lo,  ye  see  the  mantis  mad:  wherefore 

then  have  ye  brought  him  to  me  ?  ^^  Have  I  need  of  mad  men,  that  ye 

have  brought  this  fellow  to  play  the  mad  man  in  my  presence  ?  shall 

this  fellow  come  into  my  house  ? " 

PSAL.M  LVI.  PSALM  LVI.(33) 

David,  praying  to  God  in  confidence  of  his  icord,  complainelli  of  his  enemies.     9  He  professeth  his 
conjidence  in  God's  icord,  and  promiseth  to  praise  hitn. 
*  Or,  a  golden        To  tlie  chief  Musician  upon  Jonalh-elem-recliokim,  *Michtam  of  David,  when  the  Philistines  took 
Psalm  of  David.  him  in  Gath. 

So  P3.  16. 

aPs.57.  ].  '  Be  "merciful  unto  me,  O  God  ! 

For  man  would  swallow  me  up  ; 
He  fighting  daily  oppresseth  me. 
Vs^m"*/"^"^*'     ^  Mine  tenemies  would  daily  'swallow  me  up ; 
tPs.  57. 3.  For  they  be  many  that  fight  against  me,  O  thou  Most  High  ! 

^  What  time  I  am  afraid,  I  will  trust  in  thee. 
■*  In  God  I  will  praise  his  word, 
In  God  I  have  put  my  trust ; 
•^^^^^  11?:  ^-/j"-         I  "will  not  fear  what  flesh  can  do  unto  me. 

Jl.  J.   He.  13.  o. 

^  JbiVery  day  they  wrest  my  words  : 
All  their  thoughts  are  against  me  for  evil. 
^40. 2^'  ^"  ^        ^  They  ''gather  themselves  together. 

They  hide  themselves,  they  mark  my  steps, 
ePs.7i.  10.  When  'they  wait  for  my  soul. 

^  Shall  they  escape  by  iniquity  ? 
In  thine  anger  cast  down  the  people,  O  God  ! 
/See  Job  14.  iG.     8  xhou  -^tcllest  my  wanderings  : 

Put  thou  my  tears  into  thy  bottle : 
g  Mai.  3. 16.  Are  ^'they  not  in  thy  book  ? 

^  When  I  cry  unto  thee,  then  shall  mine  enemies  turn  back : 
ARo.  8.31.  This  I  know  ;  "for  God  is  for  me. 

1°  In  God  will  I  praise  his  word  ; 
In  the  Lord  will  I  praise  his  word. 
1^  In  God  have  I  put  my  trust ; 

I  will  not  be  afraid  what  man  can  do  unto  me. 
1"^  Thy  vows  are  upon  me,  O  God  ! 
I  will  render  praises  unto  thee. 

{'■')  Calmet,  Gray,  and  Wells,  assign  the  date  of  individual  name.  That  David  was  an  inspired 
these  Psalms  to  the  persecution  of  David  by  Saul,  prophet,  is  evident  from  the  prediction  contained  in 
The  titles  prefixed  to  them  in  the  Hebrew  text,  the  twentieth  and  twenty-first  verses,  that  not  a 
though  they  do  not  foriii  a  part  of  the  Psalm,  and  bone  of  Him  (the  Messiah)  shall  be  broken.  The 
may  possibly  be  spurious,  are  undoubtedly  very  i)ious  Jews  were  continually  looking  forward  to  the 
ancient,  and  may  be  considered  a  better  authority  Messiah  ;  and  they  must  liave  been  as  well  aware 
for  the  insertion  of  the  Psalms  in  their  respective  of  the  meaning  of  these  passagt?s  in  the  writings  of 
places,  than  the  conjectures  of  later  authors,  those  who  were  from  time  to  time  endued  with  the 
Psalms  Ivi.  and  xxxiv.  are  therefore  inserted  in  this  spirit  of  prophecy,  as  we  ourselves  are  of  the  mean- 
Section  on  the  authority  of  Lightfoot,  and  their  ing  of  many  of  the  predictions  in  the  book  of  the 
titles.  The  title  of  tl>e  xxxivth^Psalm  informs  us,  Apocalypse  ;  that  is,  their  faith  was  kept  in  exer- 
that  it  was  composed  when  David  was  sent  away  cise  by  the  glimpses  given  them  of  the  future, 
by  Abimelech,  on  his  feigning  himself  mad,  (1  though  they  could  not  entirely  comprehend  the 
Sam.  xxi.  13.)  But  we  read  that  the  king  of  GatJi  precise  signification  of  every  figurative  expression, 
was  called  Achish;  Dr.  Kennicott  therefore  sup-  Their  faitli,  like  ours,  "  was  the  substance  of  things 
poses,  that  Abimelech  was  the  common  title  of  the  not  seen ;  "  and  "  they  walked  by  faith,  and  not  by 
kings  of  Gath,  in  the  same  way  as  Pharaoh  was  of  sight." 
the  kings  of  Egypt ;  and  that  Achish  was  only  his 


DAVID  ESCAPES  TO  THE  CAVE  OF  ADULLAM. 


415 


^3  For  Hhou  hast  delivered  my  soul  from  death : 
Wilt  not  thou  deliver  my  feet  from  falling, 
That  I  may  walk  before  God  in  Hhe  light  of  the  living  ? 


t  Or,  flowed. 


g-2Sa.  22.  1. 

h  Da.  6.  22.  He. 

1.14. 
i  See  Ge.  32.  1, 

2.2Ki.  6.  17. 

Ze.  9.  8. 
j  1  Pe.  2.  3. 
kPs.2.  12. 
I  Ps.  31.  23. 


m  Job  4.  10,  11. 
n  Ps.  84.  11. 


0  Ps.  32.  8. 

p  1  Pe.  3.  10,  11. 


q  1  Pe.  2.  22. 

r  Ps.  37.  27.  Is. 

1.  16,  17. 
s  Ro.  12.  18.  He. 

12.  14. 
t  Job  36.  7.  Ps. 

33.  18.  1  Pe.  3. 

12. 
u  Le.  17.  10.  Je. 

44.  11.  Am.  9.  4. 
V  See  Job  18.  17. 
w  Ps.  145.  19,  20. 


X  Ps.  145.  18. 
X  Heb.  to  the 

broken  of  heart, 
y  Is.  57.  15. 
*  Hob.  contrite  of 

spint. 
z  See  Job  5.  19. 

2  Ti.  3.  U,  12. 
a  John  19.  36. 
b  Ps.  94.  23. 
t  Or,  g^uilty. 

c  Ge.  19.  16. 
2  Sa.  4.  9.  1  Ki. 
1.  29.  Ps.  71.  23. 
La.  3.  58. 


PSALM    XXXIV. 

David  praiseth  God,  and  exhorteth  others  thereto  by  his  experience.     8  They  are  blessed  that  trust  in 

God.     11  He  exhorteth  to  the  fear  of  God.     15  The  privileges  of  the  righteous. 

A  Psalm  of  David,  when  he  changed  his  behaviour  before  *Abimelech  ;  who  drove  him  away,  and 

he  departed. 

1 1  will  "bless  the  Lord  at  all  times  : 
His  praise  shall  continually  be  in  my  mouth. 

2  My  soul  shall  make  her  ''boast  in  the  Lord  : 
The  'humble  shall  hear  thereof,  and  be  glad. 

3  O  ''magnify  the  Lord  with  me ! 
And  let  us  exalt  his  name  together. 

'^  I  'sought  the  Lord,  and  he  heard  me, 

And  delivered  me  from  all  my  fears. 
^  They  tlooked  unto  him,  and  were  lightened : 

And  their  faces  were  not  ashamed. 
6  This  -^poor  man  cried,  and  the  Lord  heard  him. 

And  "saved  him  out  of  all  his  troubles. 
^  The  ''Angel  of  the  Lord  ^encampeth  roundabout  them  that  fear  Him, 

And  dehvereth  them. 
^  O  ^  taste  and  see  that  the  Lord  is  good  ! 

Blessed  '^is  the  man  that  trusteth  in  him ! 
^  O  'fear  the  Lord,  ye  his  saints ! 

For  there  is  no  want  to  them  that  fear  him. 
10  The  "'young  lions  do  lack,  and  suffer  hunger  ; 

But  "they  that  seek  the  Lord  shall  not  want  any  good  thing. 
11  Come,  ye  children,  hearken  unto  me ! 

I  "will  teach  you  the  fear  of  the  Lord. 

12  What  ''man  is  he  that  desireth  life, 

And  loveth  many  days,  that  he  may  see  good  ? 

13  Keep  thy  tongue  from  evil, 

And  thy  lips  from  'speaking  guile. 
1^  Depart  '^from  evil,  and  do  good  ; 

Seek  'peace,  and  pursue  it. 

1^  The  'eyes  of  the  Lord  are  upon  the  righteous, 

And  his  ears  are  open  unto  their  cry. 
1"^  The  "face  of  the  Lord  is  against  them  that  do  evil, 

To  "cut  off  the  remembrance  of  them  from  the  earth. 
i'^  The  righteous  cry,  and  "the  Lord  heareth, 

And  delivereth  them  out  of  all  their  troubles. 
IS  The  ^LoRD  is  nigh  Junto  them  "that  are  of  a  broken  heart; 

And  saveth  *such  as  be  of  a  contrite  spirit. 
13  Many  -'are  the  afflictions  of  the  righteous ; 

But  the  Lord  delivereth  him  out  of  them  all. 
2"  He  keepeth  all  his  bones : 

Not  "one  of  them  is  broken. 

21  Evil  ''shall  slay  the  wicked  ; 

And  they  that  hate  the  righteous  shall  be  tdesolate. 

22  The  Lord  'redeemeth  the  soul  of  his  servants  ; 
And  none  of  them  that  trust  in  him  shall  be  desolate. 


1  David  therefore  departed  thence,  and  escaped  to  the 
cave  Adullam. 


1  Sam.  xxii. 
part  of  ver.  1 . 


416 


DAVID  FLIES  TO  THE  CAVE  OF  ADULLAM.        [Period  IV. 


PSALM  CXLH. 


*  Ps.  57,  title. 
Or,  Jl  Psalm  of 
David,  giving 
instruction. 

a  Ps.  102,  title. 
Is.  26.  16. 


t  Or,  Look  on  the 
right  hand,  and 
see.  Ps.  69.  20. 

d  See  Job  19. 13. 

X  Heb.  perished 
from  me. 

*  Heb.  sought  af- 
ter my  soul. 

e  Ps.  46.  1. 

/Ps.  16.  5.  La. 
3.24. 

g  Ps.  27.  13. 

h  Ps.  116.  6. 


i  Ps.  34.  2. 
j  Ps.  13.  6. 


PSALM  CXLn.(34) 

David  showeth  that  in  his  trotible  all  his  comforl  was  in  prayer  unto  God. 

*Maschi]  of  David  ;  a  Prayer  when  he  was  in  the  Cave. 

^  I  cried  unto  the  Lord  with  my  voice ; 

With  my  voice  unto  the  Lord  did  I  make  my  suppUcation. 
^  I  ''poured  out  my  complaint  before  him ; 

I  showed  before  him  my  trouble. 
^  When  ''my  spirit  was  overwhelmed  within  me, 

Then  thou  knewest  my  path. 

In  "^the  way  wherein  I  walked 

Have  they  privily  laid  a  snare  for  me. 
^  tl  looked  on  my  right  hand,  and  beheld, 

But  ''there  was  no  man  that  would  know  me : 

Refuge  tfailed  me — no  man  *cared  for  my  soul. 
^  I  cried  unto  thee,  O  Lord  ! 

I  said,  "  Thou  ""art  my  refuge 

And  ^my  portion  ^in  the  land  of  the  living." 
^  Attend  unto  my  cry  ; 

For  I  am  '"brought  very  low  : 

Deliver  me  from  my  persecutors  ; 

For  they  are  stronger  than  L 
"^  Bring  my  soul  out  of  prison. 

That  I  may  praise  thy  name : 

The  'righteous  shall  compass  me  about ; 

For  ^thou  shalt  deal  bountifully  with  me. 


t  Heb.  bitter  of 


I  Heb.  tkc  host. 


*  Heb.  as  the  roes 
upon  the  moun- 


f  Or,  one  that  was 
least  could  re- 
sist an  hundred, 
and  the  greatest 
a  thousand. 

I  Ileb.  filed  over. 
Jos.  3.  15. 


t  Heb.  be  one. 
i  Or,  violence. 

*  Hob.  Uie  Spirit 
clothed  Amasai : 
So  Ju.  6.  34. 

6  2  Sa.  17.  25. 


f  Or,  the  three 
riiptnins  over  the 
Ihirly. 


HROX.Xll. 

18. 


^  And  when  his  brethren  and  all  his  father's  house  heard    1  Sam.  xxiL 
it,  they  went  down  thither  to  him.  ^  And  "every  one  that  ^  '^^^' 
was  in  distress,  and  every  one  that  *was  in  debt,  and  every  one   that 
was  tdiscontented,  gathered  themselves  unto  him  ;  and  he  became  a  cap- 
tain over  them :  and  there  were  with  him  about  four  hundred  men. 

^  And  of  the  Gadites  there  separated  themselves  unto  David  i  c 
into  the  hold  to  the  wilderness  men  of  might,  and  men  of  twar 
fit  for  the  battle,  that  could  handle  shield  and  buckler,  whose  faces  were 
like  the  faces  of  lions,  and  were  *as  swift  as  the  roesupon  the  mountains  ; 
^  Ezer  the  first,  Obadiah  the  second,  Eliab  the  third,  i"  Mishmannah  the 
fourth,  Jeremiah  the  fifth,  ^^Attai  the  sixth,  Eliel  the  seventh,  ^-Johanan 
the  eighth,  Elzabad  the  ninth,  ^^  Jeremiah  the  tenth,  Machbanai  the 
eleventh.  ^^  These  were  of  the  sons  of  Gad,  captains  of  the  host :  tone 
of  the  least  was  over  an  hundred,  and  the  greatest  over  a  thousand. 
^^ These  are  they  that  went  over  Jordan  in  the  first  month,  when  it 
had  toverflown  all  his  banks  ;  and  they  put  to  flight  all  them  of  the 
valleys,  both  toward  the  east,  and  toward  the  west. 

^^'  And  there  came  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  and  Judah  to  the 
hold  unto  David.  ^''  And  David  went  out  *to  meet  them,  and  answered 
and  said  unto  them,  "  If  ye  be  come  peaceably  unto  me  to  help  me, 
my  heart  shall  fbc  knit  unto  you :  but  if  ye  be  come  to  betray  me  to 
mine  enemies,  seeing  there  is  no  Iwrong  in  my  hands,  the  God  of  our 
fathers  look  thereon,  and  rebuke  it!  "  ^'^Then  *the  Spirit  came  upon 
*Amasai,  who  was  chief  of  the  captains,  and  he  said,  '"Thine  are  we, 
David,  and  on  thy  side,  thou  son  of  Jesse  :  peace,  peace  be  unto  thee, 
and  peace  be  to  thy  helpers !  for  thy  God  helpeth  thee."  Then  David 
received  them,  and  made  them  captains  of  the  band. 

^■'  And  tthrec  of  the  thirty  chief  went  down,  and  came  to  <^>2  SA»r^xxiii. 
David  in  the  harvest  time  unto  the  cave  of  Adullam:  and 


fJ)  Psalm  cxlii.  is  inserted  liere  on  tlie  joint  (•'')  Several  passages  of  the  First  Book  of  Chron- 
authority  of  the  Hebrew  title,  Lightfoot,  and  icles,  and  the  Second  Book  of  Samuel,  relate  the 
Travel!.  same  events,  and  repeat  the  same  catalogues  of  11- 


I 


DAVID  RETREATS  TO  MIZPEH. 


417 


Hel).  icith  their 


A.M.  2944. 
B.  C.  1060. 
Hales,  1074. 


a  2  Sa.  24.  11. 

1  Ch.  21.  9. 

2  Ch.  29.  25. 


*  Or,  grove 
high  place. 


f  Heb.  uncovereth 
mine  ear.  1  Sa. 
20.2. 

c  1  Sa.  18.  3.  & 


d  1  Sa.  21.  7.  Ps. 
52,  title. 


\neh.Behnldme! 


the  troop  of  the  PhiUstines  pitched  in  the  valley  of  Rephaim.  i^  And 
David  was  then  in  a  hold,  and  the  garrison  of  the  Philistines  was  then 
in  Beth-lehem.  ^^  And  David  longed,  and  said,  "  Oh  that  one  would 
give  me  drink  of  the  water  of  the  well  of  Beth-lehem,  which  is  by  the 
gate  ! "  1^  And  the  three  mighty  men  brake  through  the  host  of  the 
Philistines,  and  drew  water  out  of  the  well  of  Beth-lehem,  that  was 
by  the  gate,  and  took  it,  and  brought  it  to  David :  nevertheless  he  would 
not  drink  thereof,  but  poured  it  out  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  And  he  said, 
"  Be  it  far  from  me,  O  Lord  !  that  I  should  do  this :  is  not  this  'the 
blood  of  the  men  that  went  in  jeopardy  of  their  lives  ?  "  Therefore  he 
would  not  drink  it.    These  things  did  these  three  mighty  men. 

(36)  1  Chron.  xi.  15-19.— "Now  tthree  of  the  thirty  captains  went  down  to  the  rock  to 
David,  into  the  cave  of  Adullam;  and  the  host  of  the  Philistines  encamped  in  the  valley 
of  Rephaim.  '"And  David  was  then  in  the  hold,  and  the  Philistines' garrison  was  then  at 
Beth-lehem.  '^  And  David  longed,  and  said,  "  Oh  that  one  would  give  me  drink  of  the 
water  of  the  well  of  Beth-lehem,  that  is  at  the  gate  !  "  '»  And  the  three  brake  through  the 
host  of  the  Phihstines,  and  drew  water  out  of  the  well  of  Beth-lehem,  that  was  by  the 
gate,  and  took  it,  and  brought  it  to  David  :  but  David  would  not  drink  of  it,  but  poured  it 
out  to  the  Lord,  '^and  said,  "  My  God  forbid  it  me,  that  I  should  do  this  thing  !  shall  I 
drink  the  blood  of  these  men*that  have  put  their  lives  in  jeopardy  .'  for  with  the  jeopardy 
of  their  lives  they  brought  it !  "  Therefore  he  would  not  drink  it.  These  things  did  these 
three  mightiest. 

Section  X. David  retreats  to  Mizpeh,  and  thence  to  the  Forest  of  Hu- 

reth; — The  Slaughter  of  the  Priests  by  Doeg  at  the  command  of  Saul. 
1  Samuel  xxii.  3-19.— Psalms  lii.,  cix.,  xvii.,  cxl.,  xx.w.  and  Ixiv. 

3  And  David  went  thence  to  Mizpeh  of  Moab  :  and  he  said  unto  the 
king  of  Moab,  "  Let  my  father  and  my  mother,  I  pray  thee,  come  forth, 
^"**''-  and  be  with  you,  till  I  know  what  God  will  do  for  me."  ''And  he  brought 
them  before  the  king  of  Moab ;  and  they  dwelt  with  him  all  the  while 
that  David  was  in  the  hold. 

5  And  the  prophet  "Gad  said  unto  David,  "  Abide  not  in  the  hold  ; 
depart,  and  get  thee  into  the  land  of  Judah."  Then  David  departed, 
and  came  into  the  forest  of  Hareth. 

^  When  Saul  heard  that  David  was  discovered,  and  the  men  that 
were  with  him,  (now  Saul  abode  in  Gibeah  under  a  *tree  in  Ramah, 
having  his  spear  in  his  hand,  and  all  his  servants  were  standing  about 
him  ;)  Uhen  Saul  said  unto  his  servants  that  stood  about  him,  "  Hear 
now,  ye  Benjamites  !  will  the  son  of  Jesse  'give  every  one  of  you  fields 
and  vineyards,  and  make  you  all  captains  of  thousands,  and  captains 
of  hundreds  ;  ^  that  all  of  you  have  conspired  against  me,  and  there 
is  none  that  tshoweth  me  that  'my  son  hath  made  a  league  with  the 
son  of  Jesse,  and  there  is  none  of  you  that  is  sorry  for  me,  or  showeth 
unto  me  that  my  son  hath  stirred  up  my  servant  against  me,  to  lie  in 
wait,  as  at  this  day  ? 

9  Then  answered  ''Doeg  the  Edomite,  which  was  set  over  the  servants 
of  Saul,  and  said,  "  I  saw  the  son  of  Jesse  coming  to  Nob,  to  Ahime- 
lech  the  son  of  Ahitub.  ^^  And  lie  inquired  of  the  Lord  for  him,  and 
^gave  him  victuals,  and  gave  him  the  sword  of  Goliath  the  Philistine." 
1^  Then  the  king  sent  to  call  Ahimelech  the  priest,  the  son  of  Ahitub, 
and  all  his  father's  house,  the  priests  that  were  in  Nob  :  and  they  came 
all  of  them  to  the  king.  ^^  And  Saul  said,  ''  Hear  now,  thou  son  of 
Ahitub  !  "  And  he  answered,  ''  tHere  I  am,  my  lord."  ^^  And  Saul 
said  unto  him,  "  Why  have  ye  conspired  against  me,  thou  and  the  son 

17,)  and  refer  to  both  in  Kennicott's  Dissert,  vol.  i. 


illustrious  men,  in  nearly  the  same  words  through- 
out. The  apparent  discrepancies  are  beautifully 
reconciled  by  Kennicott,  in  his  Dissertation  on  the 
State  of  the  Hebrew  Text,hy  comparing  the  Hebrew 
of  both  passages  with  the  Septuagint.  Compare 
the  passage  at  the  end  of  this  Section,  (1  Chron.  xi. 
15-19,)  with  the  parallel  passage,  ("2  Sam.  xxiii.  13- 

voL.  I.  53 


p.  252,  253. 

(36)  This  is  the  first  parallel  passage  which  occurs, 
if  we  exclude  the  repetition  of  the  Israelites'  jour- 
neys, recorded  in  Numbers.  Parallel  passages  will 
be  placed  at  the  end  of  the  respective  parts  or  sec- 
tions to  which  they  belong,  in  smaller  type. 


418 


THE  SLAUGHTER  OF  THE  PRIESTS  BY  DOEG.    [Period  IV, 


of  Jesse,  in  that  thou  hast  given  him  bread,  and  a  sword,  and  hast 
inquired  of  God  for  him,  that  he  should  rise  against  me,  to  lie  in  wait, 
as  at  this  day  ?  "  ^^  Then  Ahimelech  answered  the  king,  and  said,  "And 
who  is  so  faithful  among  all  thy  servants  as  David,  which  is  the  king's 
son-in-law,  and  goeth  at  thy  bidding,  and  is  honorable  in  thy  house  ? 
^^  Did  I  then  begin  to  inquire  of  God  for  him  ?  be  it  far  from  me  !  let 
not  the  king  impute  any  thing  unto  his  servant,  nor  to  all  the  house  of 
my  father  :  for  thy  servant  knew  nothing  of  all  this,  *less  or  more." 
^**  And  the  king  said,  "  Thou  shalt  surely  die,  Ahimelech,  thou,  and  all 
thy  father's  house." 

^"^  And  the  king  said  unto  the  f  footmen  that  stood  about  him,  "  Turn, 
and  slay  the  priests  of  the  Lord  ;  because  their  hand  also  is  with  David, 
and  because  they  knew  when  he  fled,  and  did  not  show  it  to  me."  But 
the  servants  of  the  king  "would  not  put  forth  their  hand  to  fall  upon 
the  priests  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  the  king  said  to  Doeg,  "  Turn  thou, 
and  fall  upon  the  priests."  And  Doeg  the  Edomite  turned,  and  he  fell 
A  See  1  Sa.  2. 31.  upou  the  pricsts,  and ''slcvv  on  that  day  fourscore  and  five  persons  that 
did  wear  a  linen  ephod.  ^^  And  Nob,  the  city  of  the  priests,  smote  he 
with  the  edge  of  the  sword,  both  men  and  women,  children  and  suck- 
hngs,  and  oxen,  and  asses,  and  sheep,  with  the  edge  of  the  sword.'"* 


*  Heb.  liMt  or 
great. 


■f  Or,  guard.  Heb. 


g  See  Ex.  I.  17. 


a  Ez.  22.  9. 
b  1  Sa.  21.  7. 
e  Ps.  50.  19. 

d  Je.  9.  4,  5. 


*  Or,  And  the  de- 
ceitful tongue ! 

t  Heb.  beat  Viee 
down. 


/Jol>22.  19.  Ps. 
37.34.  .Mai.  1.5. 


h  See  Job  3R.  19 
J  Or,  sitbstaitce. 


PSALM   LII.(38) 

David,  condemning  the  spiiefulness  of  Doeg,  prophesieth  la's  destruction.     6  The  righteous  shall 
rejoice  at  it.     8  David,  upon  his  corifidence  in  God's  mercij,  giveth  thanks. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  Maschil,  A  Psalm  of  David,  when  Doeg  the  Edomite  Ccune  and  "told  Saul, 
and  said  unto  him,  "David  is  come  to  the  house  of  Ahimelech." 

^  Why  boastest  thou  thyself  in  mischief,  O  ''mighty  man  ? 

The  goodness  of  God  endureth  continually. 
^  Thy  "^tongue  deviseth  mischiefs  ; 

Like  a  sharp  razor,  working  deceitfully. 
^  Thou  lovest  evil  more  than  good  ; 

And  ''lying  rather  than  to  speak  righteousness.  Selah  1 
'^  Thou  lovest  all-devouring  words, 

*0  thou  deceitful  tongue  ! 
^  God  shall  likewise  t destroy  thee  for  ever, 

He  shall  take  thee  away, 

And  pluck  thee  out  of  thy  dwelling-place. 

And  'root  thee  out  of  the  land  of  the  living.    Selah  ! 
^  The  -^righteous  also  shall  see. 

And  fear,  ^and  shall  laugh  at  him : 
''  Lo,  this  is  the  man  that  made  not  God  his  strength ; 

But  'trusted  in  the  abundance  of  his  riches. 

And  strengthened  himself  in  his  twickedness. 


(S?)  In  the  second  and  third  chapters  of  the  First 
of  Samuel,  we  read  the  prediction  of  the  total  ruin 
of  Eli's  house.  Saul,  in  the  blindness  of  his  fury, 
orders  eighty-five  priests  of  the  house  of  Eli  with 
their  families,  and  Ahimelech  the  high  priest  with 
his  family,  to  be  slain.  This  is  another  specimen 
of  the  way  in  which  men  pursue  their  own 
schemes,  whether  of  good  or  evil,  and  of  the  man- 
ner in  which  they  are  overruled  to  the  accomplish- 
ment of  the  prophecies  and  purposes  of  God.  The 
rellecting  part  of  the  .Jewish  nation  must  have  ob- 
served this  fulfilment  of  one  part  of  the  prophecies, 
and  inferred  from  it  the  eventual  accomplishment 
of  tlie  rest.  The  same  observation  will  apply  to 
many  events  in  the  subsequent  history.  Vide  a 
large  collection  of  the  ])rophecies,  with  tlieir  fulfil- 
ment, in  Allix's  Refections  on  the  Books  of  Scripture. 

(3'*)' Psalm  lii-  is  here  inserted  on  the  joint  au- 
thorities of  its  title,  Lightfoot,  Calmet,  and  Travell. 

Psalm  cix.   is  inserted  here  on  the  authority  of 


Archdeacon  Randolph,  who  observes,  that  it  was 
probable  that  Doeg  the  Edomite  was  particularly  al- 
luded to  in  this  Psalm,  as  he  had  slain  the  priests 
and  endeavoured  to  destroy  him  whom  God  had  ap- 
pointed to  be  king  over  Israel.  It  is  prophetic  ;  and 
is  applied  by  St.  Paul  to  Judas. 

Psalm  -wii.  was  composed,  as  Calmet  remarks, 
during  Saul'sbitterest  persecution  of  David  ;  which 
was  certainly  when  the  inhuman  murder  of  the 
priests  was  committed.  Vide  Home's  Crit.  J?it. 
vol.  ii.  p.  159. 

Psalm  cxl.  is  referred  to  this  jx-riod  by  Dr.  Ham- 
mond. 

Psalm  XXXV.  This  Psalm,  from  its  contents, 
seems  to  have  been  composed  by  David  when  he 
was  persecuted  by  Saul,  and  falsely  accused  by 
Doeg  and  others. — Edwards. 

Psalm  Ixiv.  This  Psalm  was  most  probably 
composed  by  David,  when  he  was  persecuted  by 
Saul  and  his  associates. — Edwards. 


Part  VT.] 


;je.  11.  16.  Ho. 
14.  6. 


j  Pe.  54.  6. 


DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  SAUL'S  PERSECUTION. 

But  I  am  'like  a  green  olive  tree  in  the  house  of  God : 

I  trust  in  the  mercy  of  God  for  ever  and  ever. 

I  will  praise  thee  for  ever,  because  thou  hast  done  it : 

And  I  will  wait  on  thy  Name  ; 

For  •'it  is  good  before  thy  saints. 


419 


PSALM   CIX. 


PSALM  CIX. 


*  Heb.  decdL 
■i  Heb.  Iiace  opened 


b  Ps.  35.  7.  John 
15.25. 


Ps.  35.  7,  12. 


*  Heb.  go  out 

g-uilty,  or, 

wicked, 
d  Pr.  28.  9. 
e  Acts  1. 20. 
I  Or,  charge. 
/Ex.  22.  24. 

g  See  Job  15.  23. 


;  Ex.  20.  5. 
k  Ne.  4.  5.  Je. 


I  Job  18.  17.  Ps. 
34.  16. 


m  Vs.  34.  18. 
n  Pr.  14.  14.  Ez. 
35.6. 


1  Heb.  within  him. 
Nu.  5.  22. 


David,  complaining  of  his  slanderous  enemies,  under  the  person  of  Judas  devoteth  th^.     16  He 
shmceth  their  nn.     21  Complaining  of  his  own  misery,  he  prayetk  for  help.    30  He  promiseth 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David, 

1  Hold  "not  thy  peace,  O  God  of  my  praise ! 

2  For  the  mouth  of  the  wicked 

And  the  *mouth  of  the  deceitful  tare  opened  against  me : 
They  have  spoken  against  me  with  a  lying  tongue. 

3  They  compassed  me  about  also  with  words  of  hatred ; 
And  fought  against  me  ^without  a  cause. 

•*  For  my  love  they  are  my  adversaries ; 

But  I  give  myself  unto  prayer. 
^  And  'they  have  rewarded  me  evil  for  good, 

And  hatred  for  my  love. 

6  Set  thou  a  wicked  man  over  him  ; 

And  let  tSatan  stand  at  his  right  hand. 
"^  When  he  shall  be  judged,  let  him  *be  condemned  ; 

And  "^let  his  prayer  become  sin. 
®  Let  his  days  be  few  ; 

And  'let  another  take  his  toffice. 
9  Let  -^his  children  be  fatherless, 

And  his  wife  a  widow. 
If*  Let  'his  children  be  continually  vagabonds,  and  beg: 

Let  them  seek  their  bread  also  out  of  their  desolate  places. 
^1  Let  Hhe  extortioner  catch  all  that  he  hath  ; 

And  let  the  stranger  spoil  his  labor. 
i~  Let  there  be  none  to  extend  mercy  unto  him  ; 

Neither  let  there  be  any  to  favor  his  fatherless  children. 
^2  Let  "his  posterity  be  cut  off ; 

And  in  the  generation  following  let  their  name  be  blotted  out. 
^■*  Let  ^ihe  iniquity  of  his  fathers  be  remembered  with  the  Lord  ; 

And  let  not  the  sin  of  his  mother  'be  blotted  out. 
15  Let  them  be  before  the  Lord  continually, 

That  he  may  'cut  off  the  memory  of  them  from  the  earth. 
1*^  Because  that  he  remembered  not  to  show  mercy, 

But  persecuted  the  poor  and  needy  man, 

That  he  might  even  slay  the  "broken  in  heart. 
1^  As  "he  loved  cursing — so  let  it  come  unto  him : 

As  he  delighted  not  in  blessing — so  let  it  be  far  from  him. 

18  As  he  clothed  himself  with  cursing  like  as  with  his  garment, 
So  let  it  come  tinto  his  bowels  like  water, 

And  like  oil  into  his  bones. ' 

19  Let  it  be  unto  him  as  the  garment  which  covereth  him. 
And  for  a  girdle  wherewith  he  is  girded  continually. 

20  Let  this  be'the  reward  of  mine  adversaries  from  the  Lord, 
And  of  them  that  speak  evil  against  my  soul. 

21  But  do  thou  for  me,  O  God  the  Lord !  for  thy  name's  sake ; 

Because  thy  mercy  is  good,  deliver  thou  me. 
22  For  I  am  poor  and  needy, 

And  my  heart  is  wounded  within  me. 
-3  I  am  gone  "like  the  shadow  when  it  declineth : 


420  DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  SAUL'S  PERSECUTION.        [Period  IV 

I  am  tossed  up  and  down  as  the  locust. 
pHeh.  12. 12.       24  ]y|y  'knees  are  weak  through  fasting  ; 

And  my  flesh  faileth  of  fatness, 
5Pb.22.6,7.       25  J  became  also  'a  reproach  unto  them  : 
r  See  Mat.  27. 39.       When  they  looked  upon  me  "^they  shaked  their  heads. 
-^  Help  me,  O  Lord  my  God  I 

0  save  me  according  to  thy  mercy ! 

5  Job  37. 7.  27  'fi^a^t  "jijgy  i^ay  know  that  this  is  thy  hand  ; 

That  thou,  Lord,  hast  done  it. 
f  2  sa.  16. 11, 12.  28  Lgj  'them  curse — but  bless  thou : 

When  they  arise — let  them  be  ashamed  ; 
uis.65. 14.  gut  \qi  "tiiy  servant  rejoice. 

V  Pb.  35. 26.        29  Lg^  "j^^ine  adversaries  be  clothed  with  shame, 

And  let  them  cover  themselves  with  their  own  confusion,  as  with  a 
^  I  will  greatly  praise  the  Lord  with  my  mouth  ;  [mantle. 

w  Ps.  35. 18.  Yea,  "I  will  praise  him  among  the  multitude. 

zPs.ie.  8.  31  YoY  ""he  shall  stand  at  the  right  hand  of  the  poor, 

*  Heh.  the  judges       rp    gg^yg  j^jjjj  fj.Qjjj  *those  that  condcmn  his  soul. 

of  his  soul. 

PSALMXVn.  PSALM   XVII. 

David,  in  confidence  of  his  integrity,  cravetli  defence  of  God  against  his  enemies.     10  He  showeth 

their  pride,  craft,  and  eagerness.     13  He  praijeth  against  them  in  confidence  of  his  hope. 
A  Prayer  of  David. 

•  Heb. justue.  1  Hear  *the  right,  O  Lord! 

Attend  unto  my  cry, 
^ufofdec^'^  Give  ear  unto  my  prayer,  that  goeth  tnot  out  of  feigned  lips. 

2  Let  my  sentence  come  forth  from  thy  presence  ; 
Let  thine  eyes  behold  the  things  that  are  equal. 

3  Thou  hast  proved  my  heart ; 
Thou  "hast  visited  me  in  the  night ; 
Thou  *hast  tried  me,  and  shalt  find  nothing ; 

1  am  purposed  that  my  mouth  shall  not  transgress. 
i'pe.T.?."'        4  Concerning  the  works  of  men, 

c  Ps.  119. 133.  gy   ^j^g  ^^j.^   ^^  ^l^y  jjpg   J  j^j^yg   j^gpt   j-j^g  from  the  paths  of  the 

^motd""'"  ^  Hold  ^up  my  goings  in  thy  paths,                                          [destroyer. 

<iPs.  116. 2.  That  my  footsteps  Islip  not. 

tor' ?Amt/«cA  ^  I  ''liavc  Called  upon  thee,  for  thou  wilt  hear  me,  O  God  ! 

tru^tinthee,—  Inclinc  thiuc  ear  unto  me,  and  hear  my  speech. 

Prom  those  tliat  *'       ' 


a  Pa.  16.  7. 
b  Job  23.  10.  Ps. 
26.  2.  Ze.  13.  9. 

Mai.  3.  2,  3. 


rise  up  against  ">  Show  Hhy  marvcllous  loving  kindness, 
/oe"S!m!z'e.        O  Thou  that  savest  *by  thy  riglit  hand 
2-  «•  Them  which  put  their  trust  in  thee 

^36."7.  iwat.  23'.         Froui  thosc  that  rise  up  against  them  ! 

t  H;b.  waste  me.  ^  Kcep  ^mc  as  thc  apple  of  the  eye, 
X  iieb.  enemies  Hidc  ^mc  uudcr  the  shadow  of  thy  wings, 

/oei'lTs.""!;  '  From  the  wicked  that  toppress  me, 
15. 27.  Ps.  73. 7.       From  mv  tdeadlv  enemies,  who  compass  me  about. 

tlSa.2.  3.  Ps.        ,.   _,  .J  1  1    •       ..1      •  r  t 

31. 18.  ^^  They  "are  enclosed  in  their  own  iat : 

^*\\'2%hemene3s       ^'^'^  ^^^'^  mouth  tlicy  'speak  proudly. 

»/A;m (that is^  ^^  They  have  now  compassed  us  in  our  steps: 

tZ)^lZ''a\im       They  ^have  set  their  eyes  bowing  down  to  the  earth  ; 

tha,^rfe«rct/.to     12  *Like  as  a  lion  that  is  greedy  of  his  prey, 
t  \uh.  silling.  And  as  it  were  a  young  lion  tlurking  in  secret  places. 

^htfar""^      "  Arise,  O  Lord  !  ^disappoint  him— cast  him  down  : 
*^'ord'u\Q  5        Deliver  my  soul  from  the  wicked,  *which  is  thy  sword : 
{o"'^ by  thy  hand.  ^*  Froiu  mcu  twhich  are  thy  hand,  O  Lord  ! 
A  Ps.  73.^i2.^Lu.        From  men  of  the  world,  Svhich  have  their  portion  in  this  life, 
/or,  Their  chii-        And  whosc  belly  thou  fillest  with  thy  hid  treasure  : 

drc'n  are  full.  jrpj^^y   ^^^   f^^jj    ^f  ghJl^rgn, 


Part  VI. 


I  See  Job  19.  26. 
m  Ps.  4.  6,  7. 


DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  SAUL'S  PERSECUTION.  421 

And  leave  the  rest  of  their  substance  to  their  babes. 

15  As  for  me,  'I  will  behold  thy  face  in  righteousness  : 
I  "shall  be  satisfied,  when  I  awake,  with  thy  likeness. 


b  Ps.  58.  4.  Ro. 
3.13. 
c  Ps.  71.  4. 


d  Ps.  35.  7.  Je. 
18.22. 


t  Or,  let  them  not 
be  exalted.  De. 


e  Vs.  7. 16.  Pr.  12. 

13.  &  18.  7. 
/Ps.  11.  6. 


%  Heb.  a  man  of 
tongue.  Or,  an 
evil  speaker,  a 
wicked  man  of 
violence,  be  es- 
tablished in  the 
earth  -. — Let  him 
be  hunted  to  his 
opertJirow. 

g  1  Ki.  8.  45.  Ps. 
9.4. 

PSALM  XXXV. 


a  Ps.  43.  1.  La. 

3.58. 
6  Ex.  14.  25. 

c  Is.  42.  13. 


d  Ps.  40.  14,  15. 
e  Ps.  129.  5. 
/See  Job  21.  18. 


*  Heb.  darkness 
and  slipperiness. 
Ps.  73. 18.  Je. 
23.  12. 

g  Ps.  9.  15. 


PSALM  CXL. 

David  prayeth  to  be  delivered  from  Saul  and  Doeg.     8  He  prayeth  against  them.     12  He  comfortetk 

himself  by  confidence  in  God. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Deliver  me,  O  Lord  !  from  the  evil  man. 
Preserve  me  from  the  ^violent  man  ; 

2  Which  imagine  mischiefs  in  their  heart ; 
Continually  "are  they  gathered  together  for  war. 

3  They  have  sharpened  their  tongues  like  a  serpent ; 
Adders'  'poison  is  under  their  lips.     Selah ! 

^  Keep  'me,  O  Lord  !  from  the  hands  of  the  wicked ; 

Preserve  me  from  the  violent  man  ; 

Who  have  purposed  to  overthrow  my  goings. 
5  The  "^proud  have  hid  a  snare  for  me,  and  cords ; 

They  have  spread  a  net  by  the  way  side  ; 

They  have  set  gins  for  me.     Selah  ! 

^  I  said  unto  the  Lord,  "  Thou  art  my  God  : 

Hear  the  voice  of  my  supplications,  O  Lord  !  " 
'  O  God  the  Lord  !  the  strength  of  my  salvation, 

Thou  hast  covered  my  head  in  the  day  of  battle. 
8  Grant  not,  O  Lord  !  the  desires  of  the  wicked  : 

Further  not  his  wicked  device  ;  tlest  they  exalt  themselves.    Selah ! 
9  As  for  the  head  of  those  that  compass  me  about, 

Let  'the  mischief  of  their  own  lips  cover  them. 
1°  Let  burning  coals  fall  upon  them : 

Let  them  be  cast  into  the  fire  ; 

Into  deep  pits,  that  they  rise  not  up  again. 
11  Let  not  tan  evil  speaker  be  established  in  the  earth : 

Evil  shall  hunt  the  violent  man  to  overthrow  him. 
i~  I  know  that  the  Lord  will  ^maintain  the  cause  of  the  afflicted, 

And  the  right  of  the  poor. 
13  Surely  the  righteous  shall  give  thanks  unto  thy  name  : 

The  upright  shall  dwell  in  thy  presence. 

PSALM  XXXV. 

David  prayeth  for  his  own  safety,  and  his  enemies'  confusion.     11  He  complaineth  of  their  wrongful 

dealing.     22  Thereby  he  inciteth  God  against  them. 

A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Plead  "my  cause,  O  Lord  !  with  them  that  strive  with  me : 
Fight  ^against  them  that  fight  against  me. 

2  Take  'hold  of  shield  and  buckler, 
And  stand  up  for  my  help. 

3  Draw  out  also  the  spear. 

And  stop  the  way  against  them  that  persecute  me : 
Say  unto  my  soul,  "  I  am  thy  salvation." 
^  Let  ''them  be  confounded  and  put  to  shame 
That  seek  after  my  soul : 

Let  them  be  'turned  back  and  brought  to  confusion 
That  devise  my  hurt. 

5  Let  ^them  be  as  chaflf  before  the  wind : 
And  let  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  chase  them. 

6  Let  their  way  be  *dark  and  slippery  : 
And  let  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  persecute  them. 

"'  For  without  cause  have  they  "°hid  for  me  their  net  in  a  pit, 
Which  without  cause  they  have  digged  for  my  soul. 

2j 


422 


DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  SAUL'S  PERSECUTION.     [Period  IV. 


h  1  Thes.  5.  3. 
t  Heb.  which  he 

knoweth  not  of. 
i  Ps.  7.  15,  16. 

Pr.  5.  22. 

j  P9.  13.  5. 
k  See  Pb.  51.  8. 
I  Ex.  15.  11.  Ps. 
71.  19. 


X  Heb.   Witnesses 
of  wrong.  Ps. 

*  Heb.  asked  me. 
m  Ps.  38.  20.  Je. 

16. 20.  John  10. 

32. 

t  Heb.  depriving, 
n  Job  30.  25.  Ps. 

G9.  10,  11. 
X  Or,  afflicted. 
o  Mat.  10.  13.  Lu. 

10.  6. 

*  Heb.  walked. 


1  Heb.  kaUing, 
Ps.  38.  17. 


5  Job  16.  9. 
r  Ps.  37.  12.  La. 
2.16. 
»  Ha.  1.  13. 


t  Ps.  2-2.  25,  31. 
t  Heb.  strong, 
u  Ps.  )3.  4. 
J  Heb.  falsely.  Ps. 

38.  19. 
V  Job  15.  12.  Pr. 

6.  13.  &.  10.  10. 
w  Ps.  69.  4.  La. 

3.  52.  Jo.  15.  25. 

X  Ps.  22.  13. 
y  Ps.  40.  15. 
z  Ex.  3.  7.  Ac.  7. 
34. 

a  Ps.  28.  1. 
6  Ps.  10.  1. 
c  Ps.  44.  23. 


d  Ps.  26.  1. 
e  2  Thes,  1.  6. 

/Ps.  27.  12. 
*  Heb.  Ah,  all, 

our  soul. 
g  La.  2.  16. 
A  Ps.  40.  14. 

iPs    109.29. 
j  See  Job  19.  5. 


f  Heb.  righteous- 
ness, Pr.  8. 
18. 

I  Ps.  70.  4. 

m  Ps.  149. 4. 

n  Ps.  50.  15. 


PSALM  LXIV. 


^  Let  ''destruction  come  upon  him  fat  unawares ; 

And  "let  his  net  that  he  hath  iiid  catch  himself: 

Into  tliat  very  destruction  let  him  fall. 
^  And  my  soul  shall  be  joyful  in  the  Lord  ; 

It  -'shall  rejoice  in  his  salvation. 
^°  All  *my  bones  shall  say,  '•  Lord,  'who  is  like  unto  Thee, 

Which  deliverest  the  poor  from  him  that  is  too  strong  for  him, 

Yea,  the  poor  and  the  needy  from  him  that  spoileth  him  !  " 
^^  tFalse  witnesses  did  rise  up ; 

They  *laid  to  my  charge  things  that  I  knew  not. 
^2  They  ""rewarded  me  evil  for  good 

To  the  tspoiling  of  my  soul. 
^^  But  as  for  me — when  "they  were  sick,  my  clothing  was  sackcloth : 

I  thumbled  my  soul  \vith  fasting ; 

And  °my  prayer  returned  into  mine  own  bosom. 
^^  I  *behaved  myself  fas  though  he  had  been  my  friend  or  brother : 

I  bowed  down  heavily,  as  one  that  mourneth  for  his  mother. 
^^  But  in  mine  tadversity  they  rejoiced, 

And  gathered  themselves  together : 

Yea,  ''the  abjects  gathered  themselves  together  Eigainst  me, 

And  I  knew  it  not ; 

They  did  'tear  me,  and  ceased  not. 
^^  With  hypocritical  mockers  in  feasts. 

They  '^gnashed  upon  me  with  their  teeth. 
^^  Lord  !  how  long  wilt  thou  ^ook  on  ? 

Rescue  my  soul  from  their  destructions — my  *darling  from  the  lions. 
^^  I  'will  give  thee  thanks  in  the  great  congregation  : 

I  will  praise  thee  among  fmuch  people. 
^^  Let  "not  them  that  are  mine  enemies  twrongfully  rejoice  over  me  ; 

Neither  "let  them  wink  with  the  eye  "that  hate  me  without  a  cause. 
^^  For  they  speak  not  peace ; 

But  they  devise  deceitful  matters 

Against  them  that  are  quiet  in  the  land. 
^^  Yea,  they  ""opened  their  mouth  wide  against  me, 

And  said,  "  "Aha !  Aha  !  our  eye  hath  seen  it." 

^■^This  thou  hast  'seen,  O  Lord  !   "keep  not  silence  : 

O  Lord !  be  not  'far  from  me. 
-■'  Stir  "up  thyself,  and  awake  to  my  judgment, 

Even  unto  my  cause,  my  God  and  my  Lord  ! 
^■^  Judge  ''me,  O  Lord  my  God !  'according  to  thy  righteousness ; 

And  let  them  not  rejoice  over  me. 
2^  Let  -^them  not  say  in  their  hearts,  *Ah !  so  would  we  have  it : 

Let  them  not  say,  °  We  have  swallowed  him  up. 
2*^  Let  ''them  be  ashamed  and  brought  to  confusion  together 

That  rejoice  at  my  hurt : 

Let  them  be  'clothed  with  shame  and  dishonor 

That  ^magnify  themselves  against  me. 
-'  Let  *them  shout  for  joy,  and  be  glad. 

That  favor  my  f righteous  cause: 

Yea,  let  them  'say  continually,  Let  the  Lord  be  magnified. 

Which  "hath  pleasure  in  the  prosperity  of  his  servant. 
2^  And  "my  tongue  shall  speak  of  thy  righteousness 

And  of  thy  praise  all  the  day  long. 

PSALM   LXIV. 

David  praijeth  for  deliverance,  complaining  of  his  enemies.     7  He  promiseth  himself  to  see  svch  an 

emdent  destruction  of  his  enemies,  as  the  rigJiieous  shall  rejoice  at  it. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Hear  my  voice,  O  God  !  in  my  prayer  : 


Pa^t  VIl 


DAVID  DEFEATS  THE  PHILISTINES. 


423 


c  Ge.  27.  42.  See 
Pr.  I.  11. 
*  Or,  speech. 
t  Heb.  to  hide 

il  See  Job  ^.  13. 

X  Or,  We  are  con- 
sumed by  that 
which  tlicy  have 
throughly 
snirched. 

•'-  lleb.  a  search 
searched. 

e  I's.  7.  1-2,  13. 

t  Heb.  their  wound 
shall  be. 

/Pr.  la.  13.  & 
18.  7. 

^  Ps.  31.  11. 

h  Ps.  40.  3. 

i.^<l.  50.  23. 

7P3.  32.  11. 


A.  M.  2944. 
B.  C.  1060. 
Keilah,  Ziph, 


d  1  Sa.  30.  8. 
2  Sa.  5.  19,  23. 


Preserve  my  life  from  fear  of  the  enemy. 
'  Hide  me  from  the  secret  counsel  of  the  wicked, 
From  the  insurrection  of  the  workers  of  iniquity. 

^  Who  "whet  their  tongue  like  a  sword, 
And  'bend  their  bows  to  shoot  their  arrows,  even  bitter  words  ; 
That  they  may  shoot  in  secret  at  the  perfect : 
Suddenly  do  they  shoot  at  him,  and  fear  not. 
They  "encourage  themselves  in  an  evil  *matter : 
They  commune  tof  laying  snares  privily  ; 
They  ''say,  "  Who  shall  see  them  ?  " 
They  search  out  iniquities  ; 
tThey  accomplish  *a  diligent  search  : 
Both  the  inward  thought  of  every  one  of  them,  and  the  heart,  is  deep. 

^  But  "God  shall  shoot  at  them  with  an  arrow ; 
Suddenly  tshall  they  be  wounded. 

So  they  shall  make  ^their  own  tongue  to  fall  upon  themselves : 
All  ^that  see  them  shall  flee  away. 
^  And  ''all  men  shall  fear,  and  shall  'declare  the  work  of  God  ; 

For  they  shall  wisely  consider  of  his  doing. 
^'^  The  -'righteous  shall  be  glad  in  the  Lord,  and  shall  trust  in  him ; 
And  all  the  upright  in  heart  shall  glory. 

Section  XI. — David  defeats  the  Philistines  at  Keilah; — Saul  pursues  him, 
and  he  flies  to  Ziph  and  Maon. 

1  Sam.  xxiii.  1.    xxii.  20,  to  the  end.   xxiii.  6,  2—5,  7-12. — Psalm  xxxi. — 1  Sam.  xxiii.  13- 
23.— Psalm  liv.— 1  Sam.  xxiii.  24-28. 


The  Philistines  invade  Keilah.     Escape  of  Ahimelech, 


rder  of  the 


Kscape  of  Aliimelech,  who  17 forms  David  of  tht 
priests  by  Doeg.  David,  hiquiring  of  the  Lord  by  Abiathar,  rescueth  Keilah.  God  showing  him 
the  coining  of  Saul,  and  the  treachenj  of  the  Keilites,  he  escapeth  from  Keilah.  David' s  prayer. 
David  retreats  to  Ziph,  where  Jonathan  cometh  and  comforteth  him.  The  Ziphiles  discover 
him  to  Saul.  David's  Psalm.  David  fies  to  Maon,  where  he  is  rescued  from  Saul  by  an  inva- 
sion of  the  Philistines. 

1  Then  they  told  David,  saying,  "  Behold,  the  Philistines  fight  against 
"Keilah,  and  they  rob  the  threshingfloors." 

-^  And  one  of  the  sons  of  Ahimelech  the  son  of  Ahitub,  named  Abi- 
athar, 'escaped,  and  fled  after  David.  ~^  And  Abiathar  showed  David  that 
Saul  had  slain  the  Lord's  priests.  ^~And  David  said  unto  Abiathar, 
"  I  knew  it  that  day,  when  Doeg  the  Edomite  was  there,  that  he  would 
surely  tell  vSaul ;  I  have  occasioned  the  death  of  all  the  persons  of  thy 
father's  house.  ~^  Abide  thou  with  me,  fear  not :  'for  he  that  seeketh 
my  life  seeketh  thy  life  ;  but  with  me  thou  shalt  be  in  safeguard."  ^  And 
'^"^  it  came  to  pass,  when  Abiathar  the  son  of  Ahimelech  1  Sam.  xxiii. 
fled  to  David  to  Keilah,  that  he  cam.e  down  with  an  ephod  ^'  ^-^>  '^-^^^ 
in  his  hand.  '^  Therefore  David  ''inquired  of  the  Lord,  saying,  "  Shall  I 
go  and  smite  these  Philistines  ?"  And  the  Lord  said  unto  David,  "  Go, 
and  smite  the  Philistines,  and  save  Keilah."  ^And  David's  men  said 
unto  him,  "  Behold,  we  be  afraid  here  in  Judah  :  how  much  more  then 
if  we  come  to  Keilah  against  the  armies  of  the  Philistines !  "  ^  Then 
David  inquired  of  the  Lord  yet  again.  And  the  Lord  answered  him 
and  said,  "  Arise,  go  down  to  Keilah  ;  for  I  will  deliver  the  Philis- 
tines into  thy  hand."  ^  So  David  and  his  men  went  to  Keilah,  and 
fought  with  the  Philistines,  and  brought  away  their  cattle,  and  smote 


(39)  While  the  Philistines  were  fighting  against 
Keilah,  Doeg  was  executing  the  inhuman  command 
of  Saul,  and  murdering  the  priests  of  Nob.  Abia- 
thar at  this  time  escaped  and  fled  to  David,  with 
the  ephod  and  the  breastplate,  with  the  Urim  and 
Thuraniim  -,  thus  transferring  to  David  the  means 
of  consulting  the  oracle  of  God  in  the  sanctuary, 
which  had  hitherto  been  appropriated  to  the  service 
of  Saul.      To  connect  the  history,  the  escape  of 


Abiathar  is  inserted  after  the  account  which  was 
brought  to  David,  that  the  Philistines  were  plun- 
dering the  country  round  Keilah.  The  second 
verse  of  1  Samuel  xxiii.  tells  us,  that  David  con- 
sulted the  oracle  :  on  the  authority  of  Bishop  Hors- 
ley,  therefore,  as  well  as  from  the  internal  evi- 
dence, the  sixth  verse  is  placed  before  the  second. — 
Vide  Horsley's  Bib.  Crit.  vol.  i.  p.  339;  Bishop 
Patrick  in  loc.  ;  and  Lightfoot. 


424 


DAVID  SHOWETH  HIS  CONFIDENCE  IN  GOD.     [Period  IV. 


them  with  a  great  slaughter.  So  David  saved  the  inhabitants  of 
Keilah. 

'''  And  it  was  told  Saul  that  David  was  come  to  Keilah.  And  Saul 
said,  "God  hath  delivered  him  into  my  hand ;  for  he  is  shut  in,  by  en- 
tering into  a  town  that  hath  gates  and  bars."  ^  And  Saul  called  all  the 
people  together  to  war,  to  go  down  to  Keilah,  to  besiege  David  and 
his  men. 

^  And  David  knew  that  Saul  secretly  practised  mischief  against  him  ; 
and  'he  said  to  Abiathar  the  priest,  "  Bring  hither  the  ephod."  ^"  Then 
said  David,  "  O  Lord  God  of  Israel !  thy  servant  hath  certainly  heard 
that  Saul  seeketh  to  come  to  Keilah,  to  destroy  the  city  for  my  sake. 
^^  Will  the  men  of  Keilah  deliver  me  up  into  his  hand  ?  will  Saul  come 
down,  as  thy  servant  hath  heard?  O  Lord  God  of  Israel!  I  beseech 
thee,  tell  thy  servant."  And  the  Lord  said,  "  He  will  come  down." 
^-  Then  said  David,  "  Will  the  men  of  Keilah  *deliver  me  and  my  men 
into  the  hand  of  Saul  ? "  And  the  Lord  said,  "  They  will  deliver 
thee  up." 

PSALM   XXXI.  («) 
David  showing  his  confidence  in  God  craveth  his  help.    7  He  rejoiceth  in  his  mercy.    9  He  prayeth 
in  his  calamity.     19  He  praiseth  God  for  his  goodness. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  In  "thee,  O  Lord  !  do  I  put  my  trust ; 

Let  me  never  be  ashamed  : 

Deliver  ''me  in  thy  righteousness, 
^  Bow  Mown  thine  ear  to  me ;  deliver  me  speedily : 

Be  thou  *my  strong  rock,  for  a  house  of  defence  to  save  me, 
^  For  ''thou  art  my  rock  and  my  fortress ; 

Therefore  'for  tliy  name's  sake  lead  me,  and  guide  me. 
"*  Pull  me  out  of  the  net  that  they  have  laid  privily  for  me ; 

For  thou  art  my  strength. 
^  Into  ^thy  hand  I  commit  my  spirit : 

Thou  hast  redeemed  me,  O  Lord  God  of  truth  ! 
^  I  have  hated  them  ^that  regard  lying  vanities : 

But  I  trust  in  the  Lord. 
■^  I  will  be  glad  and  rejoice  in  thy  mercy  : 

For  thou  hast  considered  my  trouble  ; 

Thou  hast  ''known  my  soul  in  adversities  ; 
®  And  hast  not  'shut  me  up  into  the  hand  of  the  enemy  : 

Thou  ^hast  set  my  foot  in  a  large  room. 

^  Have  mercy  upon  me,  O  Lord  !  for  I  am  in  trouble : 

Mine  *eye  is  consumed  with  grief. 

Yea,  my  soul  and  my  belly. 
^^  For  my  life  is  spent  with  grief,  and  my  years  with  sighing : 

My  strength  faileth  because  of  mine  iniquity, 

And  'my  bones  are  consumed. 
^^  I  "was  a  reproach  among  all  mine  enemies, 

But  "especially  among  my  neighbours. 

And  a  fear  to  mine  acquaintance  : 

They  "that  did  see  me  without  fled  from  me. 
'^  I  ^am  forgotten  as  a  dead  man  out  of  mind : 

I  am  like  fa  broken  vessel, 
^^  For  'I  have  heard  the  slander  of  many  : 

Fear  ''was  on  every  side  : 

While  they  'took  counsel  together  against  me, 

They  devised  to  take  away  my  life. 

(■•")  David  beiii^  pursued  by  his  enemies,  proba-  place  this  Psalm  among  those  composed  during 
bly  in  his  return  trom  Keilah,  entreats  the  Lord  in  the  persecution  of  Saul,  but  do  not  fix  the  exact 
this  Psalm  to  deliver  him.     Dr.  Green  and  Calmet     period. 


e  Nu.  27.  21. 
1  Sa.  30.  7. 


Heb.  shut  up. 


PSALM   XXXI. 


a  Ps.  22.  5.  &  25. 

2.  &71.  l.Is. 

49.23. 
b  Ps.  143.  1. 
c  Ps.  71.  2. 

*  Heb.  to  me  for  a 
rock  of  strength. 

d  Ps.  18.  1. 

«  Ps.  23.  3.  &  25. 
11. 


/Lu.  23.  46.  Ac. 
7.  59. 


g  Jonah  2.  8. 


ft  John  10.27. 

i  De.  32.  30.  1  Sa. 

17.  46.  &  24.  18. 
i  Ps.  4.  1.  &  18. 

19. 

k  Ps.  6.  7. 


I  Ps.  32.  3.  & 

102.  3. 
m  Ps.  41.  8.  Is. 

53.4. 
n  See  Job  19.  13. 

0  Ps.  64.  8. 
p  Ps.  88.  4,  5. 

f  Heb.  a  vessel 
that  perishcth. 

q  Je.  20.  10. 

r  Je.  6.  25.  &  20, 
3.  La.  2.  22. 

s  Mat.  27.  1. 


V  Pa.  12.  3. 
*  Heb.  a  hard 

thing.  \  Sa.  2. 3. 

Vs.  94.  4.  Jude 

15. 


1  Pa.  17.  7. 
f  Or,  fenced  city, 
Ps.  116.  11. 


Part  VI.]  DAVID  IN  THE  WILDERNESS  OF  ZIPH  AND  MAON.        425 

^^  But  I  trusted  in  thee,  O  Lord  ! 

I  said,  "  Thou  art  my  God." 
^^  My  times  are  in  thy  hand  : 

DeUver  me  from  the  hand  of  mine  enemies, 

And  from  them  that  persecute  me. 
^^  Make  'thy  face  to  shine  upon  thy  servant : 

Save  me  for  thy  mercies'  sake. 
«P3. 25.2.          17  Let  "me  not  be  ashamed,  O  Lord  ! 

For  I  have  called  upon  thee  : 

Let  the  wicked  be  ashamed, 
I  Or,  cut  ojf/orfAe       And  let  them  be  tsilent  in  the  grave. 
fTpst'iio.  \i'.     18  Lg|-  ''fj^g  lying  lips  be  put  to  silence  ; 

Which  speak  *grievous  things  proudly 

And  contemptuously  against  the  righteous. 
^^  Oh  ""how  great  is  thy  goodness, 
w  Is.  64. 4.  1  Co.       Which  thou  hast  laid  up  for  them  that  fear  thee  ; 

Which  thou  hast  wrought  for  them  that  trust  in  thee 

Before  the  sons  of  men  ! 
xvs.  27. 5.  &  32.  20  Thou  ""shalt  hide  them  in  the  secret  of  thy  presence 

From  the  pride  of  man  : 
t,  Job  5. 21.  Thou  ^shalt  keep  them  secretly  in  a  pavilion 

From  the  strife  of  tongues. 
21  Blessed  be  the  Lord  ! 

For  "he  hath  showed  me  his  marvellous  kindness  in  a  tstrong  city. 

For  "I  said  in  my  haste, 
a  Is.  38.  11, 12.      a  I  am  cut  off  from  before  thine  eyes  ;  " 
2.\  ■    ■  ""'         Nevertheless  thou  heardest  the  voice  of  my  supplications 

When  I  cried  unto  thee. 
*P^-  ^-i-  9-  23  o  ^ove  the  Lord,  all  ye  his  saints  ! 

For  the  Lord  preserveth  the  faithful. 

And  plentifully  rewardeth  the  proud  doer. 
cPs.  27. 14.         24  gg  -^Qf  good  couragc,  and  he  shall  strengthen  your  heart. 

All  ye  that  hope  in  the  Lord  ! 

a  1  Sa.  22. 2.  &         ^^Tlicn  David  and  his  men,  "which  were  about  si.x  hundred,  i  SAM.xxiii. 
^'  ^^"  arose  and  departed  out  of  Keilah,  and  went  whithersoever  they     ^^-2^- 

could  go.  And  it  was  told  Saul  that  David  was  escaped  from  Keilah ; 
and  he  forbare  to  go  forth.  ^^  And  David  abode  in  the  wilderness  in 
b  Ps.  11. 1.  strong  holds,  and  remained  in  ''a  mountain  in  the  wilderness  of  'Ziph. 

And  Saul  ''sought  him  every  day,  but  God  delivered  him  not  into  his 
hand.  ^^  And  David  saw  that  Saul  was  come  out  to  seek  his  life  :  and 
David  was  in  the  wilderness  of  Ziph  in  a  wood. 

^^  And  Jonathan  Saul's  son  arose,  and  went  to  David  into  the  wood, 

and  strengthened  his  hand  in  God.  ^^  And  he  said  unto  him,  "  Fear 

not ;  for  the  hand  of  Saul  my  father  shall  not  find  thee  ;  and  thou  shalt 

eisa.24.20.      bc  luug  ovcr  Isracl,  and  I  shall  be  next  unto  thee  ;  and  'that  also  Saul 

/isa.  18.3.  &     my  father  knoweth."   ^^And  they  two -^made  a  covenant  before  the 

20. 16, 42.  2  Sa.  j^^^j^ .  ^^^  David  abode  in  the  wood,  and  Jonathan  went  to  his  house. 

„.rseeisa.^26.i.       19  Thcu   ^caiTic  up  thc  Zipliites  to  Saul  to  Gibeah,  saying,  "  Doth 

'"'*''        not  David  hide  himself  with  us  in  strong  holds  in  the  wood,  in  the  hill 

Heb.  theright     of  Hachilah,  which  is  on  *the  south  of  tJeshimon  ?  2°  Now  therefore,  O 

king  !  come  down  according  to  all  the  desire  of  thy  soul  to  come  down  ; 

and  'our  part  shall  be  to  deliver  him  into  the  king's  hand."  -^  And  Saul 

said,  "  Blessed  be  ye  of  the  Lord  !  for  ye  have  compassion  on  me. 

2- Go,  I  pray  you,  prepare  yet,  and  know  and  see  his  place  where  his 

t  Heb. /oo«  sAaH    |haunt  is,  and  who  hath  seen  him  there  ;  for  it  is  told  me  that  he  deal- 

eth  very  subtilly.  ^^  gee  therefore,  and  take  knowledge  of  all  the  lurking 

54  2j* 


c  Jos.  15.  55 
d  Ps.  54.  3,  4. 


hand. 

t  Or,  the  wilder- 
ness. 

h  Ps.  54.  3. 


be. 


4z6 


DAVID  IN  EN-GEDI. 


[Period  IV. 


places  where  he  hideth  himself,  and  come  ye  again  to  me  with  the 
certainty,  and  1  will  go  with  you  ;  and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  if  he  be 
in  the  land,  that  I  will  search  him  out  throughout  all  the  thousands 
of  Judah." 

PSALM   LIV.  PSALM  LIV.CH) 

David,  complaining  of  the  Ziphims,  prayethfor  salvation.    4  Upon  fiis  confidence  in  God's  help  he 

promiseth  sacrifice. 
*  ]  Sa.  23.  19.  &  To  the  chief  Musician  on  Neginoth,  Maschil,  A  Psalm  of  David,  "when  the  Ziphiras  came  and  said 
26.  1.  to  Saul,  "  Doth  not  David  hide  himself  with  us  ?  " 

^  Save  me,  O  God  !  by  thy  name, 
And  judge  me  by  thy  strength. 
^  Hear  my  prayer,  O  God  ! 
Give  ear  to  the  words  of  my  mouth. 
a  Pi.  86. 14.  3  Yor  "straugcrs  are  risen  up  against  me, 

And  oppressors  seek  after  my  soul : 
They  have  not  set  God  before  them.  Selah  I . 

^  Behold,  God  is  my  helper  : 
The  'Lord  is  with  them  that  uphold  my  soul. 
^  He  shall  reward  evil  unto  tmine  enemies : 

Cut  them  oft'  "in  thy  truth. 
^  I  will  freely  sacrifice  unto  thee  : 
d  Ps.  5-2. 9.  I  will  praise  thy  name,  O  Lord  !  '^for  it  is  good. 

''  For  he  hath  delivered  me  out  of  all  trouble  : 
*9o'n^  "^"  ^  A.nd  'mine  eye  hath  seen  his  desire  upon  mine  enemies. 


6  Ps.  118.  7. 

t  Heb.  those  that 
observe  me,  Ps. 
5.8. 

c  Ps.  89.  49. 


*  Or,  from  the 
rock. 


b  Ps.  31.  22. 

e  Ps.  17.  9. 
dSee2Ki.  19.  9. 
t  Heb.  spread 
titeiasdves  upon, 

t  That  is,  the 
rock  of  divisio7ts. 


A.  JI.  2946. 

B.  C.  1058. 

En-gedi. 

l  i.  e.  from  the 
Wilileriiess  of 
Mi.on.— E'/. 

a  a  Ch.  20.  2. 

*  Heb.  aftfr. 


cPs.  141.  6. 
cZJu.  :j.  21. 


e  Jlat.  5.  39. 

■f  Ueh.thrrub- 
which  was 
Sau"'s. 

f-i  Sa.  24.  10. 


2^  And  they  arose,  and  went  to  Ziph  before  Saul :  but  David  l  ^^'^- ^-'''"• 
and  his  men  were  in  the  wilderness  "of  Maon,  in  the  plain 
on  the  south  of  Jeshimon.  ~^  Saul  also  and  his  men  went  to  seek  him. 
And  they  told  David  :  wherefore  he  came  down  *into  a  rock,  and  abode 
in  the  wilderness  of  Maon.  And  when  Saul  heard  that,  he  pursued 
after  David  in  the  wilderness  of  Maon.  -^  And  Saul  went  on  this  side 
of  the  mountain,  and  David  and  his  men  on  that  side  of  the  mountain  : 
''and  David  made  haste  to  get  away  for  fear  of  Saul ;  for  Saul  and  his 
men  "^compassed  David  and  his  men  round  about  to  take  them. 

^^  But  ''there  came  a  messenger  unto  Saul,  saying,  "  Haste  thee,  and 
come  ;  for  the  Philistines  have  tinvaded  the  land  !  "  ~®  Wherefore  Saul 
returned  from  pursuing  after  David,  and  went  against  the  Philistines  : 
therefore  they  called  that  place  tSela-hammalilekoth. 

Sect.    XII. — David  in  En-gcdi ; — Saul  pursues  him. 
.1  Samuel  xxiii.  21),  and  chap.  xxiv. 
David  dwellelh  in  En-gedi.     2  He  is  pursued  hy  Saul.    4  David,  in  a  cave,  having  cut  off  Saul's 
skirt,  spareth  his  life.     8  He  showelh  therehij  his  innnceyicy.     IG  Saul,  acknoidedging  his  fault, 
takelh  an  oath  of  David,  and  departelh.     David's  Psalms  i?t  consequence 

^^  And  David  went  up  from  ''thence,  and  dwelt  in  strong  holds  at 
"En-gcdi. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Saul  was  returned  from  "following  the 
Philistines,  that  it  was  told  him,  saying,  •'  Behold,  David  is  in  the  wil- 
derness of  En-gedi."  ^Then  Saul  took  three  thousand  chosen  men  out 
of  all  Israel,  and  'went  to  seek  David  and  his  men  upon  the  rocks  of 
the  wild  goats.  ^And  he  came  to  the  sheepcots  by  the  way,  where 
was  a  cave ;  and  'Saul  went  in  to  ''cover  his  feet  :  and  David  and  his 
men  remained  in  the  sides  of  the  cave.  ^  And  the  men  of  David  said 
unto  him,  "  Behold  the  day  of  which  the  Lord  said  unto  thee, '  Behold, 
I  will  deliver  thine  enemy  into  thy  hand,  that  thou  mayest  do  to  him  as 
it  shall  seem  good  unto  thee.'  "  Tlicn  David  arose,  and  "cut  off"  the 
skirt  of  tSaul's  robe  privily.  ^And  it  came  to  pass  afterward,  that  -^Da- 
vid's heart  smote  him.  because  he  had  cut  off  Saul's  skirt.  ^  And  he 


(^')  Psalm  liv.  is  inserted  here  on  the  authority  of  the  ancient  title,  and  Liglitfoot. 


p^j^T  VI.]  SAUL  PURSUES  DAVID.  427 

said  unto  his  men,  "  The  Lord  forbid  that  I  should  do  this  thing  unto 

my  master  the  Lord's  anointed,  to  stretch  forth  my  hand  against  him, 

i  Heb.  cut  off.       seeino-  he  is  the  anointed  of  the  Lord."    '  So  David  Istayed  his  servants 

r.%lRofloS7,  with  these  words,  and  suffered  them  not  to  rise  against  Saul.  But  Saul 

^^'  rose  up  out  of  the  cave,  and  went  on  his  way. 

8  David  also  arose  afterward,  and  went  out  of  the   cave,  and   cried 
after  Saul,  saying,  "  My  lord  the   king  !  "  And  when  Saul  looked  be- 
hind him,  David  stooped  with  his  face  to  the  earth,  and  bowed  himself. 
^ps.  141. 6.  Pr.    9  And  David  said  to  Saul,  "  Wherefore  ^hearest  thou  men's  words  say- 
ib.28.&i7.9.    .^^^  .Behold^  David  seeketh  thy  hurt  ?  '   '»  Behold,  this  day  thine  eyes 
h^ve  seen  how  that  the  Lord  had  delivered  thee  to-day  into  my  hand 
in  the  cave ;  and  some  bade  me  kill  thee  :  but  mine  eye   spared  thee, 
and  I  said,  I  will  not  put  forth  my  hand  against  my  lord  ;  for  he  is  the 
Lord's  anointed.  ^^  Moreover,  my  father,  see,  yea,  see  the  skirt  of  thy 
robe  in  my  hand :  for  in  that  I  cut  off  the  skirt  of  thy  robe,  and  killed 
h  Ps.7. 3.  &  35.    tiiee  not,  know  thou  and  see  that  there  is  'neither  evil  nor  transgression 
'•  in  my  hand,  and  I  have  not  sinned  against  thee ;  yet  thou  huntest  my 

i  See  Ge.  16. 5.     gQul  to  take  it.  ^~  The  'Lord  judge  between  me  and  thee,  and  the  Lord 
isa.26.10.       ^^.g^gg  j^g  Qf  ^j^gg  .  but  my  hand  shall  not  be  upon   thee.  ^^  As   saith 
the  proverb  of  the  ancients, '  Wickedness  proceedeth  from  the  wicked  : ' 
but  my  hand  shall  not  be  upon  thee,  i"  After   whom   is  the   king  of 
Israel  come  out?  after  whom  dost  thou  pursue  ?  after  a  dead  dog,  after 
a  flea.  ^^  The  Lord  therefore  be  judge,  and  judge   between   me  and 
;P«-^35.  K&^43.  ^j^gg^  ^^^  ggg^  and  'plead  my  cause,  and  *deliver  me  out  of  thy  hand." 
aii.  7. 9.  ■      ■        16  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  David  had  made  an  end  of  speaking  these 
*iieh.  judge.       ^^|.^g  ^^^^  ^^^]^  tl^at  gaul  said,  ^'  Is  this  thy  voice,  my  son  David  ?  " 
And  Saul  lifted  up  his  voice,  and  wept.  ^^  And  he  said  to  David,  "  Thou 
k  Ge.  38. 26.        art  'more  righteous  than  I ;  for  'thou  hast  rewarded  me  good,  whereas 
I  Mat.  5. 44.        I  i^ave  rewarded  thee  evil.  ^^  And  thou  hast  showed  this  day  how  that 
t  Heb.  shut  up.    thou  hast  dealt  well  with  me  ;  forasmuch  as  when  the  Lord  had  tde- 
livered  me  into  thy  hand,  thou  killedst  me  not.  ^^  For  if  a  man  find  his 
enemy,  will  he  let  him  go  well  away  ?  wherefore  the  Lord  reward  thee 
good  for  that  thou  hast  done  unto  me  this  day.  -« And  now,  behold ! 
I  know  well  that  thou  shalt  surely  be  king,  and  that  the   kingdom  of 
™Ge.2i.23.        jg^ael  shall  be  established  in  thy  hand,  ^i  Swear  '"now   therefore  unto 
n2Sa.2i.  6,8.     ^^g  by  the  LoRD,  "that  tliou  wilt  not  cut  off  my  seed  after  me,  and  that 
thou  wilt  not  destroy  my  name  out  of  my  father's  house."  ^~  And  David 
sware  unto  Saul.    And  Saul  went  home  ;  but  David  and  his  men  gat 
_ —        them  up  unto  the  hold. 

PSALM   LVII.  PSALM    LVII.(<-) 

*  o     ^    ,  ,.nt  David  in  vi-amr  fleeing  unto  God  complaineth  of  his  dangerous  case.     7  He  encourageth  himself  to 
y '''  y/^'^iy  ,■<  "  praise  God. 

A  golden  Psalm.  f 


1  Sa.  23.   12. 
26.  8. 


■f  1   Sa.  23.   1. 


fo  the  chief  Musician,  - Al-taschith,  Michtam  of  David,  fwhen  he  fled  from  Saul  in  the  cave. 


3.  Ps.  142,  1  gg  "merciful  unto  me,  O  God  !   be  merciful  unto  me  : 

For  my  soul  trusteth  in  thee : 

Yea,  'in  the  shadow  of  thy  wings  will  I  make  my  refuge 
Until  'these  calamities  be  overpast. 
I  will  cry  unto  God  most  high  ; 
Unto  God  ''that  performeth  all  things  for  me, 
::™«l'':;;r:r''    ^  He  ^shall  send  from  heaven,  and  save  me 
/Ps.  56. 1.               tFrom  the  reproach  of  him  that  would  -^swallow  me  up. 
g-js.  40.  11.  &        Qq^  f gj.,^]j  gg„(j  forth  his  mercy  and  his  truth. 


title. 

4  Ps.  17.  8.  & 
7. 

c  Is.  26.  20. 
d  Ps.  138.  8. 
e  Ps.  144.  5,  7. 
J  Or,  He  reproach- 


(^2)  Psalm  Ivii.     David,  in  the  cave  of  En-gedi,  Ivii.     The  58th  Psahn  is  a  continuation  of  the  same 

poureth  out  his  prayer  in  this  Psalm,  and  entitles  subject,  with  complaints  against  the  counsellors  ot 

it,  Al-taschith,  destrou  not  :    for    though    he  was  Saul.— Calmet.  , 

invited  by  his  soldiers  to  destroy  Saul,  yet  he  would         P.salm  Lxin.     This  Psalm  was  composed,  accord- 

not.-Liffhtfoot.  ing  to  the  title,  in  the  wilderness  of  Judah.     Light- 

Psalmlviii.     David,  in  the  cave  at   En-gedi,  im-  foot  places  it  in  this  part  of  the  narrative,  En-gedi 

plores  tlie  divine  protection;    in  sure  prospect  of  being  the  most  desert  part  of  the  wilderness, 
which  he  breaks  out  into  grateful  praise,  in   Psalm 


428 


DAVID  REPROVETH  WICKED  JUDGES.         [Period  IV. 


^  My  soul  is  among  lions  ; 

And  I  lie  even  among  them  that  are  set  on  fire, 

Even  the  sons  of  men,  ''whose  teeth  are  spears  and  arrows, 

And  *their  tongue  a  sharp  sword. 

'"  Be  nhou  exalted,  O  God  !  above  the  heavens ; 

Let  thy  glory  be  above  all  the  earth. 
^  They  *have  prepared  a  net  for  my  steps ; 

My  soul  is  bowed  down  : 

They  have  digged  a  pit  before  me, 

Into  the  midst  whereof  they  are  fallen  themselves.    Selah ! 
'  My  'heart  is  *fixed,  O  God  !   my  heart  is  fixed  : 

I  will  sing  and  give  praise. 
®  Awake  up,  "my  glory  !  awake,  psaltery  and  harp  I 

I  myself  will  awake  early. 
^  I  "will  praise  thee,  O  Lord  !  among  the  people : 

1  will  sing  unto  thee  among  the  nations. 
^^  For  "thy  mercy  is  great  unto  the  heavens, 

And  thy  truth  unto  the  clouds. 
^^  Be  thou  exalted,  O  God  !  above  the  heavens  : 

Let  thy  glory  be  above  all  the  earth. 

PSALM    LVIII. 

David  reproveth  wicked  judges,  3  describeth  the  nature  of  the  wicked,  6  devoteth  them  to  God's  judg- 
ments, 10  ichereat  the  rigliteotts  shall  rejoice. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  *Al-taschilh,  Michtam  of  David. 

^  Do  ye  indeed  speak  righteousness,  O  congregation  ? 

Do  ye  judge  uprightly,  O  ye  sons  of  men  ? 
^  Yea,  in  heart  ye  work  wickedness  ; 

Ye  "weigh  the  violence  of  your  hands  in  the  earth. 
^  The  Hvicked  are  estranged  from  the  womb  : 

They  go  astray  fas  soon  as  they  be  born,  speaking  lies. 
"*  Their  "^poison  is  tlike  the  poison  of  a  serpent : 

They  are  like  the  deaf  *adder  that  stoppeth  her  ear ; 
^  Which  will  not  hearken  to  the  voice  of  charmers, 

tCharming  never  so  wisely. 

^  Break  ''their  teeth,  O  God  !  in  their  mouth  : 

Break  out  the  great  teeth  of  the  young  lions,  O  Lord  ! 
''  Let  'them  melt  away  as  waters  which  run  continually  : 

When  he  bendeth  his  bow  to  shoot  his  arrows, 

Let  them  be  as  cut  in  pieces. 
®  As  a  snail  which  melteth.  let  every  one  of  them  pass  away : 

Like  ^the  untimely  birth  of  a  woman,  that  they  may  not  see  the  sun. 
^  Before  your  pots  can  feel  the  thorns. 

He  shall  take  them  away  ^as  with  a  whirlwind, 

tBoth  living,  and  in  his  wrath. 

^•^  The  ''righteous  shall  rejoice  when  he  seeth  the  vengeance  : 

He  'shall  wash  his  feet  in  the  blood  of  the  wicked. 
^^  So  ■'that  a  man  shall  say.  Verily  there  is  *a  reward  for  the  righteous  : 

Verily  he  is  a  God  that  *judgeth  in  the  earth. 

PSALM  LXin. 

PSALM    LXUI.  David's  thirst/or  God.     4  His  manner  of  blessing  God.     9  His  confidence  of  his  enemies'  destruc- 

tion,  and  his  own  safety. 

*  1  Sa.  22.  5.  &  A  Psalm  of  David,  *\vhen  ho  was  in  the  wilderness  of  Judah. 

^  p'g  ^9.  ^  O  God  !  thou  art  my  God  ;  early  will  I  seek  thee  : 

t  Heb.  weary.  My  "soul  thirstcth  for  thee,  my  flesh  longeth  for  thee 

^Jltr.  '"^"'  I"  a  ^'^y  and  ftliirsty  land,  t where  no  water  is  ; 

b  See  1  sa.  4.  21.  ^  fo  SCO  ''thy  powcr  and  thy  glory, 
97. 4!    '    '    *'       So  as  I  have  .seen  thee  in  the  sanctuary. 


j  Ps.  108.  5. 


k  Ps.  7.  15,  : 
9.  15. 


I  Ps.  108.  1,  &c. 
*  Or,  prepared. 


mPs.  16.  9.  &  30. 
12.  &  108.  1,  2. 


3  Ps.  36.  5.  &.  71. 
19. 


PSALM    LVIII. 


*  Or,  Destroy  not, 
A  golden  Psalm 
of  David.  P3.57, 
title. 


a  Ps.  94.  20.    Is. 

10.  1. 
b  Ps.  51.  5.    Is. 

48.8. 
t  Heb.  from  the 

belly. 
cPs.   140.3.    Ec. 

10.  11. 
J   Heb.  according 

to  the  likeness. 

*  Or,  asp.    Je.  8. 
17. 

t  Or,  Be  the 

charmer  never  so 

cunning. 
d  Job  4.  JO.  Ps.3. 

7. 
e  Jos.  7.  5.    Ps. 

112.  10. 

/Job  3.  16.    Ec. 
6.3. 
g  Pr.  10.  25. 

J  Heb..;j«  living  as 
wrath, 
h  Ps.  52.  6. 
2  Ps.  68.  23. 
j  Ps.  92.  15. 

*  Heb.  frail  of  the, 
4c.  Is.  3.  10. 

k  See  Ge.  18.  26. 


Part  VI.] 


e  Ps.  36.  8. 
*  Heb.  fatness. 


/Pa.  42. 


DAVID  IN  THE  WILDERNESS  OF  PARAN.  429 

^  Because  'thy  lovingkindness  is  better  than  life, 
My  Hps  shall  praise  thee. 
'*  Thus  will  I  bless  thee  ''while  I  live  : 
I  will  lift  up  my  hands  in  thy  name. 

5  My  soul  shall  be  'satisfied  as  with  *marrow  and  fatness ; 
And  my  mouth  shall  praise  thee  with  joyful  lips, 

6  When  ^I  remember  thee  upon  my  bed, 
And  meditate  on  thee  in  the  night-watches. 

^  Because  thou  hast  been  my  help, 
Therefore  ^in  the  shadow  of  thy  wings  will  I  rejoice. 

8  My  soul  followeth  hard  after  thee  : 
Thy  right  hand  upholdeth  me. 

9  But  those  that  seek  my  soul,  to  destroy  it, 
Shall  go  into  the  lower  parts  of  the  earth. 

^^  tThey  shall  fall  by  the  sword : 

They  shall  be  a  portion  for  foxes. 
11  But  the  king  shall  rejoice  in  God : 

Every  ''one  that  sweareth  by  him  shall  glory  ; 

But  the  mouth  of  them  that  speak  lies  shall  be  stopped. 

Sect.  XIII. Death  of  Samuel;— David  in  the.  Wilderness  of  Paran  ;— 

Death  of  Nabal ;— David  marries  Abigail  and  Ahinoam. 

1  Samuel  xxv. 

Samuel  dieth.  2  Dacid  in  Paran  sencleth  to  Nabal.  10  Provoked  by  Nabafs  churlishness,  he 
viindeth  to  destroii  him.  14  Abigail,  understanding  thereof,  18  taketh  a  present,  "23  and  by  her 
wisdom  32  paciHeth  David.  36  Nabal  hearing  thereof  dieth.  39  David  taketh  Abigail  and 
Ahinoam  to  be  )tis  wives.    44  Michal  is  given  to  Phalli. 

1  And  "Samuel  died  ;  and  all  the  Israelites  were  gathered  together, 
and  'lamented  him,  and  buried  him  in  his  house  at  Ramah. 

And  David  arose,  and  went  down  to  the  wilderness  of  Paran.  ^  And 
*ox,iusiness.  thcrc  was  a  man  in  Maon,  whose  *possessions  were  in  Carmel ;  and  the 
man  was  very  great,  and  he  had  three  thousand  sheep,  and  a  thousand 
goats :  and  lie  was  shearing  his  sheep  in  Carmel.  ^  Now  the  name  of 
the  man  was  Nabal ;  and  the  name  of  his  wife  Abigail :  and  she  was 
a  woman  of  good  understanding,  and  of  a  beautiful  countenance  ; 
but  the  man  was  churlish  and  evil  in  his  doings,  and  he  was  of  the 
house  of  Caleb. 

4  And  David  heard  in  the  wilderness  that  Nabal  did  shear  his  sheep. 
5  And  David  sent  out  ten  young  men,  and  David  said  unto  the  young 
tHeb.  askhimin  men,  "  Get  you  up  to  Carmel,  and  go  to  Nabal,  and  f greet  him  in  my 
TLTiii.  17.  name.  «  And  thus  shall  ye  say  to  him  that  liveth  in  prosperity,  Teace 
be  both  to  thee,  and  peace  be  to  thy  house,  and  peace  be  unto  all  that 
thou  hast !  ^  And  now  I  have  heard  that  thou  hast  shearers  ;  now  thy 
shepherds  which  were  with  us,  we  thurt  them  not,  neither  was  there 
au^o-ht  missing  unto  them,  all  the  while  they  were  in  Carmel.  ^  Ask  thy 
young  men,  and  they  will  show  thee.  Wherefore  let  the  young  men 
find  favor  in  thine  eyes  :  for  we  come  in  "a  good  day :  give,  I  pray 
thee,  whatsoever  cometh  to  thy  hand  unto  thy  servants,  and  to  thy  son 
David."  '^  And  when  David's  young  men  came,  they  spake  to  Nabal 
according  to   all   those  words   in   the   name   of  David,  and  *ceased. 

10  And  Nabal  answered  David's  servants,  and  said,  "  Who  'is  David  ? 
and  who  is  the  son  of  Jesse  ?  there  be  many  servants  now-a-days  that 
break  away  every  man  from  his  master.  ^^  ShalFI  then  take  my  bread, 
and  my  water,  and  my  tflesh  that  I  have  killed  for  my  shearers,  and 
give  it  unto  men,  whom  I  know  not  whence  they  be  ?  "  ^^  So  David's 
young  men  turned  their  way,  and  went  again,  and  came  and  told  him 
all  those  sayings,  i^  And  David  said  unto  his  men,  "  Gird  ye  on  every 


^P8. 


\  Heb.  They  shall 
make  him  run, 
out  like  water 
by  the  hands  of 
the  sword.  Ez. 
35.  5. 

h  De.  6.  13.  Is. 
45.  23.  Zep.  1.  5. 


SECT.  xni. 

A.  M.  2947. 

B.  C.  1057. 

Ramah,  Paran. 


i  Nu.  20.  29.  De 
34.8. 


22. 
c  1  Ch.  12.  18.  Ps. 

122.  7.  Lu.  10.  5. 
1  Heb.  shamed. 

ver.  15. 

d  Ne.  8.  10.  Est. 
9.  19. 

*Heb. 

rested. 

eJu.  9 
73.7, 

.  28.  Ps. 

8. 

/Ju.8 

.6. 

tHeb. 

slaughter. 

430 


DAVID  IN  THE  WILDERNESS  OF  PARAN.         [Period  IV. 


J  Heb.  flew  upon 

them. 
*  ileb.  shamtd. 

ver.  7. 

g  Ex.  14.  22. 
Job  1.  10. 


h  De.  13.  13.  J  u. 

19.  -32. 


i  Ge.  32.  13.  I>r. 

18.  16.  &  21.  14. 


f  Or,  lumps, 
j  Ge.  32.  16,  20. 


k  Ps.  109.  5.  Pr. 

17.  13. 
I  Ru.  1.  17. 
m  1  Ki.  14.  10. 

2Ki.  9.8. 

n  Jos.  15.  18.  Ju. 
1.  14. 

0  See  Ge.  27.  13. 
X  Helj.  ears. 


*  Heb.  lay  it  to 
his  heart. 
t  Tliat  ia,  Foul. 


p  See  Ge.  20.  C. 

J  Heb.  saving 

tki/self.  Ro.  12. 

19. 
g  2  Sa.  18.  32. 
rSeeGe.  33.   11, 
*  Or,  present. 
f  Heb.  walk  at 

the  feet  uf,  ^-r. 

ver.  42.  Ju.  4. 

10. 
«2Sa.  7.  11,27. 

1  Ki.  9.  5.  1  Ch. 

17.  10,  2.0. 


+  Heb.  in  the 
midst  of  the  bow 
of  a  .iling.  Je. 
10.  18. 


*  Heb.  .'ita<rirer- 
ing,  or,  slumb- 
ling. 


man  his  sword."  And  tliey  girded  on  every  man  his  sword ;  and 
David  also  girded  on  his  sword  :  and  there  went  up  after  David  about 
four  hundred  men  ;  and  two  hundred  abode  by  the  stuff. 

^^  But  one  of  the  young  men  told  Abigail,  Nabal's  wife,  saying, 
"  Behold,  David  sent  messengers  out  of  the  wilderness  to  salute  our 
master,  and  he  trailed  on  them.  '^  But  the  men  were  very  good  unto 
us,  and  we  were  not  *hurt,  neither  missed  we  any  thing,  as  long  as  we 
were  conversant  with  them,  when  we  were  in  the  fields.  ^^They  were 
^a  wall  unto  us  both  by  night  and  day,  all  the  wliile  we  were  with 
them  keeping  the  sheep.  ^"^  Now  therefore  know  and  consider  what 
thou  wilt  do ;  for  evil  is  determined  against  our  master,  and  against 
all  his  household:  for  he  is  such  a  son  of  ''Belial,  that  a  man  cannot 
speak  to  him." 

'^  Then  Abigail  made  haste,  and  'took  two  hundred  loaves,  and  two 
bottles  of  wine,  and  five  sheep  ready  dressed,  and  five  measures  of 
parched  corn,  and  a  hundred  tclusters  of  raisins,  and  two  hundred 
cakes  of  figs,  and  laid  them  on  asses.  ^^  And  she  said  unto  her  servants, 
"  Go  ^on  before  me  ;  behold,  I  come  after  you."  But  she  told  not  her 
husband  Nabal.  ^°  And  it  was  so,  as  she  rode  on  the  ass,  that  she  came 
down  by  the  covert  of  the  hill,  and,  behold,  David  and  his  men  came 
down  against  her  ;  and  she  met  them.  ^^  (Now  David  had  said,  "  Surely 
in  vain  have  I  kept  all  that  this  fellow  hath  in  the  wilderness,  so  that 
nothing  was  missed  of  all  that  pertained  unto  him :  and  he  hath  ''re- 
quited me  evil  for  good.  ~-  So  'and  more  also  do  God  unto  the  enemies 
of  David,  if  I  leave  of  all  that  pertain  to  him  by  the  morning  light 
""any  that  pisscth  against  the  wall.") 

^-^  And  when  Abigail  saw  David,  she  hasted,  "and  lighted  off  the  ass, 
and  fell  before  David  on  her  face,  and  bowed  herself  to  the  ground, 
^^and  fell  at  his  feet,  and  said,  "  Upon  "me,  my  lord,  upon  me  let  this 
iniquity  be  ;  and  let  thy  handmaid,  I  pray  thee,  speak  in  thine  taudi- 
ence,  and  hear  the  words  of  thy  handmaid.  ^^  Let  not  my  lord,  I  pray 
thee,  *regard  this  man  of  Belial,  even  Nabal :  for  as  his  name  is,  so  is 
he  ;  tNabal  is  his  name,  and  folly  is  with  him :  but  I  thy  handmaid  saw 
not  the  young  men  of  my  lord,  whom  thou  didst  send.  ^"^  Now  there- 
fore, my  lord,  as  the  Lord  liveth,  and  as  thy  soul  liveth,  seeing  the 
Lord  hath  ^'withholden  thee  from  coming  to  shed  blood,  and  from 
tavcnging  thyself  with  thine  own  hand,  now  ^let  thine  enemies,  and 
they  that  seek  evil  to  my  lord,  be  as  Nabal.  ^^  And  now  '^this  ^blessing 
which  thy  handmaid  hath  brought  unto  my  lord,  let  it  even  be  given 
unto  the  young  men  that  tfoUow  my  lord.  -^"^  I  pray  thee,  forgive  the 
trespass  of  thy  handmaid  ;  for  "the  Lord  will  certainly  make  my  lord 
a  sure  house,  because  my  lord  fighteth  the  battles  of  the  Lord,  and 
evil  hath  not  been  found  in  thee  all  thy  days.  ^'■' Yet  a  man  is  risen  to 
pursue  thee,  and  to  seek  thy  soul ;  but  the  soul  of  my  lord  shall  be 
bound  in  the  bundle  of  life  with  the  Lord  thy  God  ;  and  the  souls  of 
thine  enemies,  them  shall  he  sling  out,  tas  out  of  the  middle  of  a  sling. 
^"  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  the  Lord  shall  have  done  to  my 
lord  according  to  all  the  good  that  he  hath  spoken  concerning  thee, 
and  shall  have  appointed  thee  ruler  over  Israel ;  ^^  that  this  shall  be  no 
*grief  unto  thee,  nor  offence  of  heart  unto  my  lord,  cither  that  thou 
hast  shed  blood  causeless,  or  that  my  lord  hath  avenged  himself:  but 
when  the  Lord  shall  liavc  dealt  well  with  my  lord,  then  remember 
thy  handmaid." 

^-  And  David  said  to  Abigail,  "  Blessed  'be  the  Lord  God  of  Israel, 
which  sent  thee  this  day  to  meet  me  !  •'•'  And  blessed  be  thy  advice, 
and  blessed  be  thou,  wliich  hast  kepi  me  this  day  from  coming  to  shed 
blood,  and  from  avenging  mvself  with  mine  own  hand  !  ^^  For  in  very 


Part  VI.] 


«  2  Sa.  15.  9. 

2  Ki.  5.  19.  Lu. 

7.  50.  &.  8.  48. 
V  Ge.  19.  21. 
M>  2  Sa.  13.  23. 


DAVID  IN  THE  WILDERNESS  OF  ZIPH. 


431 


X  See  Ge.  24.  27, 
y  Pr.  22.  23. 


a  Ru.  a.  10,  13. 

Pr.  15.  33. 
t  Heb.  at.  her 

feet.  ver.  27. 
6  Jos.  15.  56. 
c  1  Sa.  27.  3.  & 

30.  5. 

d2i?a.  3.  14. 
X  Phaltid,  2  Sa. 

3.  15. 
e  Is.  10.  30. 


A.  JI.  2947. 

B.  C.   1057. 


VVilJerness  of 
Ziph. 


I  1  Sa.  23.  19. 
Pa.  54,  tide. 


*OT,mi<lMofJns 
carriaircs.  1  Sa. 
17.  23. 

c  1  Ch.  2.  IG. 

dJu.  7.  10,  11. 


t  Heb.  shut  up. 
ISa.  21.  18. 


deed,  as  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  liveth,  which  hath  kept  me  back  from 
hurti'no-  thee,  e.xcei)t  thou  hadst  hasted  and  come  to  meet  me,  surely 
there  had  not  been  left  unto  Nabal  by  the  morning  light  any  that  pisseth 
ao-ainst  the  wall."  ^'^  So  David  received  of  her  hand  that  which  she 
had  brought  him,  and  said  unto  her,  "  Go  "up  in  peace  to  thy  house  ; 
see  !  I  have  hearkened  to  thy  voice,  and  have  "accepted  thy  person." 

3*^'  And  Abigail  came  to  Nabal ;  and,  behold,  '"he  held  a  feast  m  his 
house,  like  the  feast  of  a  king  ;  and  Nabal's  heart  was  merry  within 
him,  for  he  was  very  drunken  :  wherefore  she  told  him  nothing,  less  or 
more,  until  the  morning  light.  ^^  But  it  came  to  pass  in  the  morning, 
when  the  wine  was  gone  out  of  Nabal,  and  his  wife  had  told  him  these 
things,  that  his  heart  died  within  him,  and  he  became  as  a  stone. 
38  And  it  came  to  pass  about  ten  days  after,  that  the  Lord  smote  Nabal, 
that  he  died. 

39  And  when  David  heard  that  Nabal  was  dead,  he  said,  "  Blessed  be 
the  Lord,  that  hath  ^pleaded  the  cause  of  my  reproach  from  the  hand 
of  Nabal,  and  hath  kept  his  servant  from  evil !  for  the  Lord  hath  're- 
turned the  wickedness  of  Nabal  upon  his  own  head."  And  David  sent 
and  communed  with  Abigail,  to  take  her  to  him  to  wife.  ^«  And  when 
the  servants  of  David  were  come  to  Abigail  to  Carmel,  they  spake  unto 
her,  saying,  "'  David  sent  us  unto  thee,  to  take  thee  to  him  to  wife.' 
-5^  And  she  arose,  and  bowed  herself  on  her  face  to  the  earth,  and  said, 
"Behold,  let  "thy  handmaid  be  a  servant  to  wash  the  feet  of  the 
servants  of  my  lord."  "^And  Abigail  hasted,  and  arose,  and  rode  upon 
an  ass,  with  five  damsels  of  hers  that  went  tafter  her ;  and  she  went 
after  the  messengers  of  David,  and  became  his  wife.  ^^  David  also  took 
Ahinoam  ''of  Jezreel ;  'and  they  were  also  both  of  them  his  wives. 

41  But  Saul  had  given  "Michal  his  daughter,  David's  wife,  to  tPhalti 
the  son  of  Laish,  which  was  of 'Gallim. 

Section  XIV.— David  in  the  Wilderness  of  Ziph. 
1  Samuel  xxvi. 
Saul.  In,  the  discovery  of  the  Ziphites,  cometh  to  Hachilah  against  David.     5  David  coining  into  the 
tn-nch  staijeth  Abishai  from  killing  Saul,  but   taketh  his  spear  and  cruse,     l."?  David  reprovelh 
Abiier,  18  and  exhorteth  Saul.     21  Saul  acknowledgeth  his  sin. 

1  And  the  Ziphites  came  unto  Saul  to  Gibeah,  saying,  "  Doth  "not 
David  hide  himself  in  the  hill  of  Hachilah,  which  is  before  Jeshimon  ?  " 
2  Then  Saul  arose,  and  went  down  to  the  wilderness  of  Ziph,  having 
three  thousand  chosen  men  of  Israel  with  him,  to  seek  David  in  the 
wilderness  of  Ziph.  ^  And  Saul  pitched  in  the  hill  of  Hachilah,  which 
is  before  Jeshimon,  by  the  way.  But  David  abode  in  the  wilderness, 
and  he  saw  that  Saul  came  after  him  into  the  wilderness.  ^  David  there- 
fore sent  out  spies,  and  understood  that  Saul  was  come  in  very  deed. 

5  And  David  arose,  and  came  to  the  place  where  Saul  had  pitched  ;  and 
David  beheld  the  place  where  Saul  lay,  and  'Abner  the  son  of  Ner,  the 
captain  of  his  host ;  and  Saul  lay  in  the  *trench,and  the  people  pitched 
round  about  him.  ^  Then  answered  David  and  said  to  Ahimelech  the 
Hittite,  and  to  Abishai  'the  son  of  Zeruiah,  brother  to  Joab,  saying, 
"  Who  will  'Vo  down  with  me  to  Saul  to  the  camp  ?  "  And  Abishai 
said.  "I  will  go  down  with  thee."  ^  So  David  and  Abishai  came  to  the 
people  by  niglit :  and,  behold,  Saul  lay  sleeping  within  the  trench,  and 
his  spear  stuck  in  the  ground  at  his  bolster ;  but  Abner  and  the  people 
lay  round  about  him.  ^  Then  said  Abishai  to  David,  "  God  hath  tdehv- 
ered  thine  enemy  into  thy  hand  this  day  :  now  therefore  let  me  smite 
him,  I  pray  thee,  with  the  spear  even  to  the  earth  at  once,  and  I  will 
not  smite  him  the  second  time."  ^  And  David  said  to  Abishai,  ''  Destroy 
him  not :  for  who  can  stretch  forth  his  hand  against  the  Lord's  anomt- 
ed,  and  be  guiltless  ?  "   '« David  said  furthermore,  "  As  the  Lord  liveth, 


43-2 


DAVID  GOES  TO  ACHISH  AT  GATH.         [Period  IV. 


e  Ps.  94.  ],  2,  23 
Lu.  18.  7.  Ilo. 
12.  19. 

/SeeGe.  47.  29. 
De.  31.  14.  Job 
7.  1.  Ps.  37.  13. 

g  1  Sa.  31.  6. 


h  Ge.  2.  21.  &  15. 
12. 


X  Heb.  the  sons 
of  death.  2  Sa. 


t2Sa.  16.  11.  & 

24.1. 
*  Heb.  smell.  Ge. 

8.  21.  Le.  26. 


j  De.  4.  28.  Ps. 

120.  5. 
t  Heb.  cleaving. 

2  Sa.  14.  16.  & 

20.  19. 


k  Ps.  7.  8.  &  18. 


I  Gc.  32. : 

28. 

SECT. 

XV. 

A.   M. 

2948. 

B.C. 

1056. 

Hales, 

, 1071. 

Zikl 

I?. 

*  Heb.  fte 
sumed. 

con- 

'the  Lord  shall  smite  him  ;  or-^his  day  shall  come  to  die;  or  he  shall 
"descend  into  battle,  and  perish.  '^The  Lord  forbid  that  I  should 
stretch  forth  my  hand  against  the  Lord's  anointed  :  but,  I  pray  thee, 
take  thou  now  the  spear  that  is  at  his  bolster,  and  the  cruse  of  water, 
and  let  us  go."  ^~  So  David  took  the  spear  and  the  cruse  of  water 
from  Saul's  bolster  ;  and  they  gat  them  away,  and  no  man  saw  it,  nor 
knew  it,  neither  awaked :  for  they  were  all  asleep,  because  *a  deep 
sleep  from  the  Lord  was  fallen  upon  them. 

^■^  Then  David  went  over  to  the  other  side,  and  stood  on  the  top  of  a 
hill  afar  off;  a  great  space  being  between  them.  ^'^  And  David  cried  to 
the  people,  and  to  Abner  the  son  of  Ner,  saying,  "  Answerest  thou  not, 
Abner  ?  "  Then  Abner  answered  and  said,  •'  Who  art  thou  that  criest 
to  the  king?  "  ^^  And  David  said  to  Abner,  "  Art  not  thou  a  valiant 
man  ?  and  who  is  like  to  thee  in  Israel  ?  wherefore  then  hast  thou  not 
kept  thy  lord  the  king  ?  for  there  came  one  of  the  people  in  to  destroy 
the  king  thy  lord.  ^^  This  thing  is  not  good  that  thou  hast  done.  As 
the  Lord  liveth,  ye  are  tworthy  to  die,  because  ye  have  not  kept  your 
master,  the  Lord's  anointed.  And  now  see  where  the  king's  spear  is, 
and  the  cruse  of  water  that  was  at  his  bolster."  ^'^'And  Saul  knew 
David's  voice,  and  said,  "  Is  this  thy  voice,  my  son  David  ?  "  And 
David  said,  "  It  is  my  voice,  my  lord,  O  king  !  "  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Where- 
fore doth  my  lord  thus  pursue  after  his  servant?  for  what  have  I  done? 
or  what  evil  is  in  my  hand  ?  ^^  Now  therefore,  I  pray  thee,  let  my  lord 
the  king  hear  the  words  of  his  servant.  If  the  Lord  have  'stirred  thee 
up  against  me.  let  him  *accept  an  offering :  but  if  they  be  the  children 
of  men,  cursed  be  they  before  the  Lord  !  -'for  they  have  driven  me  out 
this  day  from  ^abiding  in  the  inheritance  of  the  Lord,  saying,  '  Go, 
serve  other  gods.'  ^^  Now  therefore,  let  not  my  blood  fall  to  the  earth 
before  the  face  of  the  Lord  ;  for  the  king  of  Israel  is  come  out  to  seek 
a  flea,  as  when  one  doth  hunt  a  partridge  in  the  mountains." 

^^  Then  said  Saul,  "  I  have  sinned :  return,  my  son  David  ;  for  I  will 
no  more  do  thee  harm,  because  my  soul  was  precious  in  thine  eyes 
this  day.  Behold,  I  have  played  the  fool,  and  have  erred  exceedingly." 
-^  And  David  answered  and  said,  "  Behold  the  king's  spear  !  and  let  one 
of  the  young  men  come  over  and  fetch  it.  -^  The  *Lord  render  to  every 
man  his  righteousness  and  his  faithfulness  :  for  the  Lord  delivered  thee 
into  my  hand  to-day,  but  I  would  not  stretch  forth  my  hand  against 
the  Lord's  anointed.  -^  And,  behold,  as  thy  life  was  much  set  by  this 
day  in  mine  eyes,  so  let  my  life  be  much  set  by  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord, 
and  let  him  deliver  me  out  of  all  tribulation."  -^Then  Saul  said  to 
David,  '•  Blessed  be  thou,  my  son  David !  thou  shalt  both  do  great  things, 
and  also  shalt  still  'prevail."  So  David  went  on  his  way,  and  Saul 
returned  to  his  place. 

Section    XV. David  goes   to  Achish   king  of    GatJi,    irJio   assigns   him 

Zihlag  for  a  residcnce.'-*^^ 
1  Sam.  xxvii.  1. — Ps.  cxli. — 1  Sam.  xxvii.  3-7. — 1  Ch.  xii.  1-7. — 1  Sam.  xxvii.  8,  to  aid. 
Saul  hearing  David  to  be  in  Gath  seeketh  no  more  for  him.     5  David  beggelh  Ziklag  of  Achish. 

The  companies  that  came  to  David  at  Ziklag.     8  tie,  invading  other  countries,  persiiadeth  Achish 

he  fought  against  JudaJi.  >- 

^  And  David  said  in  his  heart,  "  I  shall  now  *perish  one  day  by  the 
hand  of  Saul :  there  is  nothing  better  for  me  than  that  I  should  speedily 


(•")  We  have  now  arrived  at  the  close  of  the  per- 
secutions of  David.  It  is  necessary  to  observe  tlie 
order  of  the  events  related  in  this  section.  Finding 
Saul  to  be  still  implacable,  David  resolved  upon 
joining  the  Philistines,  which  appears  to  have  been 
an  unjustifiable  mode  of  escape,  when  we  remem- 
ber tlie  many  difficulties  from  which  he  had  been  so 
mercifully  delivered.     He  fled  to  the  king  of  Gath, 


with  whom  he  continued  sixteen  months.  During 
this  time  he  was  joined  by  many  of  his  own  people, 
and  made  war  upon  the  surrounding  nations.  In 
the  mean  while,  the  Philistines,  to  whom  David 
liad  become  an  auxiliary,  had  declared  war  against 
Saul;  and  Achish,  the  protector  of  David,  required 
him  to  fight  against  iiis  own  countrymen.  From 
this  dreadful  necessity  of  deciding  between  grati- 


Part  VI.] 


DAVID  GOES  TO  ACHISH  AT  GATH. 


433 


PS.ILM  CXLI. 

a  Ps.  70.  5. 

b  Re.  5.  8. 

*  Heb.  directed. 

c  Re.  8.  3. 

d  Ps.  134.  2. 

1  Ti.  2.  8. 

e  Ex.  29.  39. 

/Pr.  23.6. 

t  Or,  Let  the 
riglitcnus  smite 
me  kitidly,  and 
reprove  me ; — Let 
not  their  precious 
oil  break  my 
head,  4-c.  Pr.  9. 
8.  &  19.  25.  & 
25.  13.  Gal.  6.  1. 


g-2Co.  1.  9. 


h  2  Ch.  20.  12. 

P3.  25.  15.  & 

123.  1,  2. 
J  Heb.  inaUe  not 

vuj  soul  bare. 
tPs.  119.  110.  & 

140.  5.  &.  142.  3. 
j  Vs.  35.  8. 
*  Heb.  pass  over. 


a  1  Sa.  25.  13. 
b  1  Sa.  21.  10. 


dSee  Jo9.  15.  31. 

&  19.  5. 
*  Heb.  tlienumhcr 

of  days. 
t  Heb.  a  year  of 

days. 

X  Heb.  being  yet 
shut  up. 


escape  into  the  land  of  the  PhiHstines  ;  and  Saul  shall  despair  of  me 
to  seek  me  any  more  in  any  coast  of  Israel :  so  shall  I  escape  out  of 
his  hand." 

PSALM   CXLI.(") 

David  prayeth  that  his  suit  may  be  acceptable,  3  his  conscience  sincere,  7  and  his  life  safe  from  snares. 

A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Lord  !  I  cry  unto  thee :  "make  haste  unto  me ; 
Give  ear  unto  my  voice,  when  I  cry  unto  thee. 
2  Let  'my  prayer  be  *set  forth  before  thee  'as  incense ; 

And  "the  lifting  up  of  my  hands  as  'the  evening  sacrifice. 
^  Set  a  watch,  O  Lord  !  before  my  mouth ; 

Keep  the  door  of  my  lips. 
^  Licline  not  my  heart  to  any  evil  thing, 
To  practise  wicked  works  with  men  that  work  iniquity ; 
And  -^let  me  not  eat  of  their  dainties. 
^  f Let  the  righteous  smite  me — it  shall  be  a  kindness  : 
And  let  him  reprove  me — it  shall  be  an  excellent  oil, 
Which  shall  not  break  my  head  : 
For  yet  my  prayer  also  siiall  be  in  their  calamities. 

*"  When  their  judges  are  overthrown  in  stony  places, 
They  shall  hear  my  words ;  for  they  are  sweet. 
■^  Our  bones  are  scattered  ^at  the  grave's  mouth. 

As  when  one  cutteth  and  cleaveth  wood  upon  the  earth. 
^  But  ''mine  eyes  are  unto  thee,  O  God  the  Lord  ! 
Li  thee  is  my  trust ;  Heave  not  my  soul  destitute. 
^  Keep  me  from  'the  snare  which  they  have  laid  for  me. 

And  the  gins  of  the  workers  of  iniquity. 
^^  Let  nhe  wicked  fall  into  their  own  nets. 
Whilst  that  I  withal  *escape. 

1  Sam.  xxvii.  2-7. 
2  And  David  arose,  "and  he  passed  over  with  th6  si.\  hundred  men 
that  were  with  him  'unto  Achish,  the  son  of  Maoch,  king  of  Gath. 
^^  And  David  dwelt  with  Achish  at  Gath,  he  and  his  men,  every  man 
with  his  household,  even  David  'with  his  two  wives,  Ahinoam  the  Jez- 
reelitess,and  Abigail  the  CarmelitesSjNabal's  wife.  ^  And  it  was  told  Saul 
that  David  was  fled  to  Gath  :  and  he  sought  no  more  again  for  him. 

^  And  David  said  unto  Achish,  "  If  I  have  now  found  grace  in  thine 
eyes,  let  them  give  me  a  place  in  some  town  in  the  country,  that  I  may 
dwell  there :  for  why  should  thy  servant  dwell  in  the  royal  city  with 
thee  ?  "  ^  Then  Achish  gave  him  Ziklag  that  day :  wherefore  ''Ziklag 
pertaineth  unto  the  kings  of  Judah  unto  this  day.  ''  And  *the  time  that 
David  dwelt  in  the  country  of  the  Philistines  was  fa  full  year  and 
four  months 

1  Now  these  are  they  that  came  to  David  to  Ziklag,  l  Chron.  xii.  1-7. 
I  while  he  yet  kept  himself  close  because  of  Saul  the  sonof  Kish :  and  they 


tude  to  Achish,  and  the  love  of  his  country,  he  was 
rehevedbj  the  distrust  of  the  Philistines.  The  two 
armies  approach :  Saul  consults  the  witch  of  En-dor ; 
and  according  to  the  prediction  of  Samuel,  who 
appears  to  him  from  the  invisible  world,  he  loses 
his  throne  and  his  life.  This,  of  course,  takes  place 
at  the  conclusion  of  the  sixteen  months  of  David's 
residence  at  Ziklag.  Not  having  been  permitted 
to  join  in  the  battle,  David  had  returned  to  this  city  ; 
but  finds  it  burnt  and  plundered  by  the  Amalekites. 
He  pursues  and  defeats  the  invaders  with  great 
slaughter.  After  the  battle,  he  generously  divides 
the  spoil  between  his  soldiers,  including  those  who 
were  not  able  to  attend  him  in  the  field.  He  dis- 
tributes presents  to  the  tribe  of  Judah,  and  secures 
the  attachment  of  his  friends  ;  and  on  the  death  of 
Saul  and  Jonathan,  being  left  without  a  rival,  and 

VOL.  I.  55 


alike  distinguished  for  courage,  conduct,  generosity, 
magnanimity,  and  every  virtue  which  can  dignify 
and  adorn  a  prince,  every  human  means  seemed  to 
combine  to  accomplish  the  promises  of  God.  The 
tribe  of  Judah  assemble,  and  elect  him  king  ;  and 
their  example  is  followed,  after  an  interval  of  seven 
years,  by  the  rest  of  Israel. 

(«)  David,  being  driven  out  of  Juda  by  Saul, 
begs  of  God  grace,  that  he  may  not  sin  against  him 
with  his  tongue,  nor  be  drawn  into  any  sinful  com- 
pliances with  idolatry,  by  living  among  the  Philis- 
tines. He  confides  in  God's  help,  and  prays  to  be 
delivered  from  those  who  sought  his  ruin.  He  prob- 
ably composed  this  Psalm  just  before  his  flight  to 
Achish,  king  of  Gath  ;  when  he  had  a  second  time 
spared  Saul's  life,  but  could  trust  him  no  longer. — 
Green  ;  Bp.  Home. 

2k 


434 


THE  PHILISTINES  PREPARE  TO  WAR  WITH  ISRAEL.     [Period  IV. 


were  among  the  mighty  men,  helpers  of  the  war.  ^  Tliey  were  armed 
with  bows,  and  could  use  both  the  righthand  and 'the  left  in  hurling  stones 
and  shooting  arrows  out  of  a  bow,  even  of  SauFs  brethren  of  Benjamin. 
3  The  chief  was  Ahiezer,  then  Joash,  the  sons  of  *Shemaah  the  Gibe- 
athite  ;  and  Jeziel,  and  Pelet,  the  sons  of  Azmaveth  ;  and  Berachah, 
and  Jehu  the  Antothite,  "^  and  Ismaiah  the  Gibeonite,  a  mighty  man 
among  the  thirty,  and  over  the  thirty  ;  and  Jeremiah,  and  Jahaziel,  and 
Johanan,  and  Josabad  the  Gederathite,  ^  Eluzai,  and  Jerimoth,  and 
Bealiah,  and  Shemariah,  and  Shephatiah  the  Haruphite,  ''Elkanah, 
and  Jesiah,  and  Azareel,  and  Joezer,  and  Jashobeam,  the  Korhites, 
'and  Joelah,  and  Zebadiah,  the  sons  of  Jeroham  of  Gedor. 

^  And  David  and   his  men  went  up,  and  invaded  -^tlie  i  Sam.  xxvii. 

^^jos.  ic.  10.  Ju.  Geshuritcs,  ^and  the  tGezrites,  and  the  ''Amalekites  :   for      ^.toend. 

those  nations  were  of  old  the  inhabitants  of  the  land,  'as  thou  goestto 

Shur,  even  unto  the  land  of  Egypt.  ^  And  David  smote  the  land,  and 

left  neither  man  nor  woman   alive,  and  took  away  the  sheep,  and  the 

oxen,  and  the  asses,  and  the  camels,  and  the  apparel,  and  returned,  and 

^2'XaitaIJ'Tc.  came  to  Achish.  i"  And  Achish  said,  "  t  Whither  have  ye  made  a  road 
to-day  ?  "  And  David  said,  "  Against  the  south  of  Judah,  and  against 
the  southof  ^the  Jerahmeelites,  and  against  the  south  of 'the  Kenites," 
^1  And  David  saved  neither  man  nor  woman  alive,  to  bring  tidings  to 
Gath,  saying,  "  Lest  they  should  tell  on  us,  saying.  So  did  David,  and 
so  will  be  his  manner  all  the  while  he  dwelleth  in  the  country  of  the  Phi- 
listines." 12  And  Achish  believed  David,  saying,  "  He  hath  made  his  peo- 
ple Israel  *  utterly  to  abhor  him ;  therefore  he  shall  be  my  servant  for  ever." 


/Jos.  13.  2. 


t  Or,  Geriit 
h  Ex.  17.  Hi 
I  t;a.  15.  7, 
i  Ge.  25.  18. 


*  Heb.  to  stink. 
Ge.  34.  30. 


SECT.   XVI. 

A.  M.  29)9. 

B.  U.  10.55. 

Hales,  1070. 

Gilboa,  Eiidor. 


6  Ex.  22.  18.  Le. 
19.  31.  &  20.  27. 
De.  18.  10,  U. 


c  .los.  19.   18. 
2Ki.4.  8. 
dl  Sa.  31.  1. 
e  Job  18.  11. 

f\  Pa.  14.  .37.  Pr. 

1.  28.  La.  2.  9. 
g  Nil.  12.  (1. 
h  Ex.  28.  30.  Nil. 

27.21.  De.3J.8. 


Section  XVI. —  The  Philistines  prepare  to  ?car  toith  Israel; — Saul  consults 
the  Witch  of  En-dor. 
1  Samuel  xxviii.  and  xxix. — 1  Chron.  xii.  19-22. 
Achish  putteth  confidence  in  David.     3  Saul,  having  destroyed  the  witches,  4  and  noiv  in  his  fear 
forsaken  of  God,  7  seeketh  to  a  witch.     9  TJie  witch,  encouraged  by  Saul,  raiseth  up  Samuel.  15 
Saul,  hearing  his  ruin,fainteth.     21  The  woman  with  his  servants  refresh  him  with  meat. -~ 
Chap.  xxix.  1  David,  marching  with  the  Philistines,  3  is  disallowed  by  their  princes.     6  Achish 
dismisseth  him,  with  commendations  of  liis  fidelity.  —  1  Chron.  xii.  19 //e  returns  to  Ziklag, 
where  lie  is  joined  by  the  captains  of  Manasseh. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  those  days,  that  the  Philistines  gathered 
their  armies  together  for  warfare,  to  fight  with  Israel.  And  Achish  said 
unto  David,  "  Know  thou  assuredly,  that  thou  shalt  go  out  with  me  to 
battle,  thou  and  thy  men."  -And  David  said  to  Achish,  "  Surely  thou 
shalt  know  what  thy  servant  can  do."  And  Achish  said  to  David, 
"  Therefore  will  I  make  thee  keeper  of  my  head  for  ever." 

^  Now  "Samuel  was  dead,  and  all  Israel  had  lamented  him,  and  buried 
him  in  Ramah,  even  in  his  own  city.  And  Saul  had  put  away  'those 
that  had  familiar  spirits,  and  the  wizards,  out  of  the  land.  '*  And  the 
Philistines  gathered  themselves  together,  and  came  and  pitched  in 
'Shunem  :  and  Saul  gathered  alflsrael  together,  and  they  pitched 
in  ''Gilboa.  ^  And  when  Saul  saw  the  host  of  the  Philistines,  he  was 
'afraid,  and  his  heart  greatly  trembled.  ''And  when  Saul  inquired  of 
the  Lord,  ^the  Lord  answered  him  not,  neither  ^by  dreams,  nor  'by 
Urim,  nor  by  prophets. 

'Then  said  Saul  unto  his  servants,  "  Seek  me  a  woman  that  hath 
a  familiar  spirit,  that  t  may  go  to  her,  and  inquire  of  her."  And  his 
servants  said  to  him, "  Behold,  there  is  a  woman  that  hath  a  familiar  spirit 
at  <'"En-dor."  ^  And  Saul  disguised  himself,  and  put  on  other  raiment, 


(*5)  This  history  of  the  witch  of  En-dor  has  been  jectors  ;  and  it  has  been  explained  away,  or  othcr- 

mide  the  subject  of  as  much  discussion  as  any  his-  wise  interpreted  by  some,  wlio  think  that  a  Chns- 

torv  in  the  Old  Testament :  and  llie  general   eon-  tian  may  conciliate  the  skeptic,  by  yielding  those 

current  ojnnion  of  both  the  .lewisli  and   Christian  points   which   appear   mysterious    in    his    rehgion. 

Churches,  tliat  the  spirit  of  Samuel  really  appeared  But  if  we  at  all  believe  in  the  existence  of  spirit,  as 

to  Saul,  has  been  treated  with  much  ridicule  by  ob-  something  which  is  distinct  from  matter,  there  is 


Part  VI.]  SAUL  CONSULTS  THE  WITCH  OF  EN-DOR.  435 

and  he  went,  and  two  men  with  him,  and  they  came  to  the  woman  by 
i  De.  18.  11.       j^i(^}^t .  i^nd  he  said,  "  I  pray  thee,  divine  unto  me  by  the  famihar  spirit, 

1  ch.  10.  u.  Is.  ^^o^  ^^.^^  ^^^^  j^.^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^  ^j^^jj  ^^^^g  ^^^^  ^j^gg  „  9  ^j^^  ^j^g  woman 

said  unto  him,  "Behold,  thou  knowest  what  Saul  hath  done,  how  he 

hath  cut  off  those  that  have  familiar  spirits,  and  the  wizards,  out  of  the 

land  :  wherefore  then  layest  thou  a  snare  for  my  life,  to  cause  me  to 

die  ?"  1°  And  Saul  svvare  to  her  by  the  Lord,  saying,  "  As  the  Lord 

liveth,  there  shall  no  punishment  happen  to  thee  for  this  thing."  ^^  Then 

said  tiie  woman,  "  Whom  shall  I  bring  up  unto  thee  ?  "  And  he  said, 

"  Bring  me   up  Samuel."  ^'^  And  when  the  woman  saw  Samuel,  she 

cried  with  a  loud  voice  :  and  the  woman  spake  to  Saul,  saying,  "  Why 

hast  thou  deceived  me  ?  for  thou  art  Saul !  "   ^^  And  the  king  said  unto 

her,  "  Be  not  afraid  :  for  what  sawest  thou  ?  "  And  the  woman  said  unto 

i  Ex.  22. 23.         gaul,  "  I  saw  ^gods  ascending  out  of  the  earth."  ^'^  And  he  said  unto 

*Heh.  is  his  form7  j^g^^  u  What  *form  is  he  of  ?  "  And  she  said,  "  An  old  man  cometh  up  ; 

k  1  sa.  15.  27.    and  he  is  covered  with  "a.  mantle."  And  Saul  perceived  that  it  was 

2  Ki.  2. 8, 13.      g^j^^^gj^  j^,^^  l^g  Stooped  with  his  face  to  the  ground,  and  bowed  himself. 

15  And  Samuel  said  to  Saul,  "  Why  hast  thou  disquieted  me,  to  bring 

ivr.  5. 11-13.  &    „^g  up  >  "   An(i  Saul  answered,  '•'  I  'am  sore  distressed  ;  for  the  Philis- 

J  I'sa.'  18. 12.      tines  make  war  against  me,  and  '"God  is  departed  from  me,  and  answer- 

t  Heh.  h,j  the  hm,d  gti^  nig  no  more,  neither  tby  prophets,  nor  by  dreams  ;  therefore  I  have 

ofpropkeis.        ^^jj^^  ^^^^^  ^j^^^  ^j^^^  mayest  make  known  unto  me  what  I  shall  do." 

16  Then  said  Samuel,  "  Wherefore  then  dost  thou  ask  of  me,  seeing  the 

Lord  is  departed  from  thee,  and  is  become  thine  enemy  ?   ^^  And  the 

t Or, M^him^eif.  L^j^^   i^j^tj-,  (jo,-,e  |to  him,  "as  he  spake  by  *me  ;  for  the  Lord  hath 

„  /sa^is.  28.      rent  the  kingdom  out  of  thy  hand,  and  given  it  to  thy  neighbour,  even 

*Heh.  my  hand.    ^^  David.  ^^  Becausc  "thou  obeyedst  not  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  nor 

"i^^^'w.'il'.      executedst  his  fierce  wrath  upon  Amalek,  therefore  hath  the  Lord  done 

i^chj^io.i3.  Je.  ^j^jg  ji^j^g  yj^^Q  ^j^gg  ti-,ig  (Jay.  19  Moreover  the  Lord  will  also  deliver 

Israel  with  thee  into  the  hand  of  the  Philistines  ;  and  to-morrow  shalt 

thou  and  thy  sons  be  with  me  :  the  Lord  also  shall  deliver  the  host 

^fnd'fHitmal  of  Israel  into  the  hand  of  the  Philistines."  ^^ Then  Saul  tfell  straight- 

flinJs  oT'his^'''  way  all  along  on  the  earth,  and  was  sore  afraid,  because  of  the  words 

stature.  ^^  Samucl :  and  there  was  no  strength  in  him ;  for  he  had  eaten  no 

bread  all  the  day,  nor  all  the  night. 

21  And  the  woman  came  unto  Saul,  and  saw  that  he  was  sore  troubled, 
and  said  unto  him,  "  Behold,  thy  handmaid  hath  obeyed  thy  voice, 
j,ju.  12.3.  isa.  and  I  have  ''put  my  life  in  my  hand,  and  have  hearkened  unto  thy 
19.5.  Job  13. 14.  ^^^^^  ^^j^.^j^  ^j^^^  spakest  unto  me.  ^-^  Now  therefore,  I  pray  thee, 
hearken  thou  also  unto  the  voice  of  thy  handmaid,  and  let  me  set  a 
morsel  of  bread  before  thee  ;  and  eat,  that  thou  mayest  have  strength, 
when  thougoest  on  thy  way."  ^^'But  he  refused  and  said,  "  I  will  not 
eat."  But  his  servants,  together  with  the  woman,  compelled  him  ;  and 
he  hearkened  unto  their  voice.  So  he  arose  from  the  earth,  and  sat 
upon  the  bed.  ~^  And  the  woman  had  a  fat  calf  in  the  house  ;  and  she 
hasted,  and  killed  it,  and  took  flour,  and  kneaded  it,  and  did  bake  un- 
leavened bread  thereof.  ^^And  she  brought  it  before  Saul,  and  before 
his  servants ;  and  they  did  eat.  Then  they  rose  up,  and  went  away 
that  nio-ht. 


no  difficulty  or  absurdity  whatever  in  this  history,  greater  difficulty  can  exist  in  supposing  that  Samuel 

We  know  but  little  of  the  invisible  world,  or  of  the  did  so  ?    For  the  proofs  that  the  spirit  of  the  prophet 

manner  in  which  the  disembodied  spirit  continues  was  really  made  visible   by  the    power  ot  -UoU   in 

to  exist,  our  understanding  and  our  apprehension  some  mysterious  manner  to  the  woman,  and  tor  an 

are  so  limited  in  this  stao-e  of  our  existence,  that  we  inquiry  into  the  Mature  of  the  objects  which  were 

cannot  comprehend  one  half  of  those  truths,  which  to  be  answered  by  this  manifestation  of  »amuel,  see 

both  our  senses,  our  reason,  and   revelation  compel  the  various  commentators,  Bp.  Patrick,  Bp.  Horne, 

us  to  approve.   '  Whv  then  should  it  appear  impos-  Stackhouse,  particularly  Dr.  Hales  s  Jlnahjsts, vol.  u. 

sible  that  God   should  raise   the   dead.'     Tf  Moses  pages  355  to  360. 
and  Elias  appeared  from  the  invisible  world,  what 


436  ZnCLAG  IS  BURNED.  [Period  IV, 

q  1  sa.  4. 1.  1  ]\fow  the  Philistines  gathered  together  all  their  armies  'to  i  Sam.  xxix. 

Aphek  :  and  the  Israelites  pitched  by  a  fountain  which  is  in 
Jezreel.  ^  And  the  lords  of  the  Philistines  passed  on  by  hundreds,  and 
by  thousands:  but  David  and  his  men  passed  on  in  the  rereward 
with  Achish.  ^  Then  said  the  princes  of  the  Philistines,  "  What  do 
these  Hebrews  here?  "  And  Achish  said  unto  the  princes  of  the  Phi- 
listines, "  Is  not  this  David,  the  servant  of  Saul  the  king  of  Israel,  which 

I  Da!  6  5*^^^  hath  been  with  me  ''these  days,  or  these  years,  and  I  have  'found  no 
fault  in  him  since  he  fell  unto  me  unto  this  day  ?  "  '*  And  the  princes 
of  the  Philistines  were  wroth  with  him  ;  and  the  princes  of  the  Phi- 
listines said  unto  him,  ''  Make  this  fellow  return,  that  he  may  go  again 
to  his  place  which  thou  hast  appointed  him,  and  let  him  not  go  down 

« As  1  Sa.  14.  21.  ^yiti^  ug  ^q  battle,  lest  'in  the  battle  he  be  an  adversary  to  us  :  for  where- 
with should  he  reconcile  himself  unto  his  master  ?  should  it  not  be 
with  the  heads  of  these  men  ?  ^  Is  not  this  David,  of  whom  they  sang 
one  to  another  in  dances,  saying, 

Vi.  u'.  ^^' '''  ^  '  S^ul  "s^6^^  h^^  thousands, 

And  David  his  ten  thousands  ? ' " 
^  Then  Achish  called  David,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Surely  as  the 

"skE w.^a?^ '  Lord  liveth,  thou  hast  been  upright,  and  "thy  going  out  and  thy  com- 
ing in  with  me  in  the  host  is  good  in  my  sight ;  for  I  have  not  found 
evil  in  thee  since  the  day  of  thy  coming  unto  me  unto  this  day  :  never- 

\m\fd7ji'v^e   theless  tthe  lords  favor  thee  not.  'Wherefore  now  return,  and  go  in 
eye^  of  the  lords,   peacc,  that  thou  *displease  not  the  lords  of  the  Philistines." 

*inaeeyTo/v^e       ^  And  David  Said  unto  Achish,  "  But  what   have  I  done  ?  and  what 
lords.  j^^gt  t|^Q^  found  in  thy  servant  so  long  as  I  have  been  twith  thee  unto 

\Heh.  before  thee.  ^^^.^  ^^^^^  ^j^^^  j  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^j^^  against  the  enemies  of  my  lord  the 

king  ?  "  ^  And  Achish  answered  and  said  to  David,  "  I  know  that  thou 

"fefg^'sy!"^^'^"'  art  good  in  my  sight,  "as  an  angel  of  God  :  notwithstanding  the  princes 
of  the  Philistines  have  said,  '  He  shall  not  go  up  with  us  to  the  battle.' 
^"  Wherefore  now  rise  up  early  in  the  morning  with  thy  master's  servants 
that  are  come  with  thee  ;  and  as  soon  as  ye  be  up  early  in  the  morn- 
ing, and  have  light,  depart."   ^^  So  David  and  his  men  rose  up  early  to 

a:2Sa.4. 4.  depart  in  the  morning,  to  return  into  the  land  of  the  Philistines.  ""And 
the  Philistines  went  up  to  Jezreel. 

19  And  there  fell  some  of  Manasseh  to  David,  when  he    l  ^"^^^^g^"- 
came  with  the  Philistines  against  Saul  to  battle  ;  but  they 
helped  them  not,  for  the  lords  of  the  Philistines  upon  advisement  sent 

J^;  "''  ""'■  him  away,  saying,  "  He  will  fall  to  his  master  Saul  tto  the  jeopardy  Of 
our  heads."  -''  As  he  went  to  Ziklag,  there  fell  to  him  of  Manasseh, 
Adnah,  and  Jozabad,  and  Jediael,  and  Michael,  and  Jozabad,  and 
Elihu,  and  Ziltiiai,  captains  of  the  thousands  that  were  of  Manasseh. 

*i°sa.'30*i'So;  ^^  And  they  helped  David  *against  the  band  of  the  rovers;  for  they 
were  all  mighty  men  of  valor,  and  were  captains  in  the  host.  -  For 
at  that  time  day  by  day  there  came  to  David  to  help  him,  until  it  was 

■ a  great  host,  like  the  host  of  God. 

SECT.  XVII.  Sect.  XVII. Ziglag  is  hurncd; — David  defeats  the  Amalekites. 

A.  Mr2949.  ^  Samuel  xxx. 

BC    1055  The  Amalekites  spoil  Ziklag.    ^  David  asking  counsel  is  encouraged  by  God  to  pursue  them.    U  By 

Hale's   1070  "'«  means  of  a  revived  Egyptian  he  is  brought  to  the  enemies,  and  recovereth  all  the  spoil.      22 

Zikia"     '  David's  law  to  divide  the  spoil  equally  between  them  that  fight  and  them  tliat  keep  the  stuff.    26  He 

°°'  sendeth  presents  to  his  friends. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  David  and  his  men  were  come  to  Ziklag 
a  See  1  Sa.  15. 7.  on  the  third  day,  that  the  "Amalekites  had  invaded  the  south,  and  Zik- 
lag, and  smitten   Ziklag,  and  burned  it  with  fire  ;  ~  and  had  taken   the 
women  captives,  that  were  therein :   they  slew  not  any,  either  great  or 
small,  but  carried  them  away,  and  went  on  their  way. 


p^RT  VI.]  DAVID  DEFEATS  THE  AMALEKITES.  437 

3  So  David  and  his  men  came  to  the  city,  and,  behold,  it  was  burned 

with  fire  ;  and  their  wives,  and  their  sons,  and  their  daughters,  were 

taken  captives.  "*  Then  David  and  the  people  that  were  with  him  lifted 

up  their  voice  and  wept,  until  they  had  no  more  power  to  weep.  ^  And 

b  ]  sa.  25. 42, 43.  David's  Hwo  wivcs  were  taken  captives,  Ahinoam  tlie  Jezreelitess,  and 

osa.2.2.  ^^-gj^il  ti^g  ^ife  of  Nabal  the  Carmelite.  ^  And  David  was  greatly  dis- 

c  Ex.  17. 4.         tressed  ;  'for  the  people  spake  of  stoning  him,  because  the  soul  of  all 

*  Heb.  bitter.  Ju.  the  pcoplc  was  *grieved,  every  man  for  his  sons  and  for  his  daughters  : 

J^'-^-o>^^-  I-  dK..f  nnvJrl  ^npoiirao-Pfl  himself  in  the  Lord  his  God.  ''  And  'David  said 


„.  2  Sa.  17.  8.  -^but  David  encouraged  himself  in  the  Lord  his  God. 

^'•**-~^-_       to  Abiathar  the  priest,  Ahimelech's  son,  "  I  pray  thee,  bring  mejiither 

3,  4,  il.  _ 

^^'^^'  s'Xnd  David  inquired  at  the  Lord^,  saying,  "  Shall  I  pursue  after  this 


l^'^Jt:  the    ephod."  And    Abiathar   brought    thither    the    ephod    to  ^DavM. 

e  1  Sa.  23. 2, 4, 6,       ,  .       _,  i  ,  •  .  ii  r 

9-  troop  ?  shall  I  overtaken  them  ?  "  And  he  answered  him,     i'ursue  :   tor 

thou  shalt  surely  overtake  them,  and  without  fail  recover  all."  ^  So 
David  went,  he  and  the  six  hundred  men  that  were  with  him,  and  came 
to   the  brook  Besor,  where  those  that  were  left  behind  staid.  ^^  But 
David  pursued,  he  and  four  hundred  men  ;  for  two  hundred  abode  be- 
hind, which  were  so  faint  that  they  could  not  go  over  the  brook  Besor 
11  And  they  found  an  Egyptian  in  the  field,  and  brought  him  to  David, 
and  gave  him  bread,  and  he  did  eat ;  and  they  made  him  drink  water 
12  And  they  gave  him  a  piece  of  a  cake  of  figs,  and  two  clusters  of 
/soju.  ]5.  19.   raisins:  and  -^when  he  had  eaten,  his  spirit  came  again  to  him  ;  for 
1  Sa.  14. 27.       j^^  ^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  bread,  nor  drunk  any  water,  three  days  and  three 
nights.  13  And   David   said   unto    him,   "  To   whom  belongest  thou  ? 
anil  whence  art  thou  ?  "  And  he  said,  "  I  am  a  young  man  of  Egypt, 
servant  to  an  Amalekite  ;  and  my  master  left  me,  because  three  days 
g  2  Sa.  8.  18.     agone  I  fell  sick,  i"*  We  made  an  invasion  upon  the  south  of  ^the  Cher- 
E^'khtztt  ethites,  and  upon  the  coast  which  belongeth  to  Judah,  and  upon  the 
^:^-  south  of  ''Caleb  ;  and  we  burned  Ziklag  with  fire."  i^  And  David  said 

'■  ■  ■  to  him,  "  Canst  thou  bring  me  down  to  this  company  ?  "  And  he  said, 
"  Swear  unto  me  by  God,  that  thou  wilt  neither  kill  me,  nor  deliver 
me  into  the  hands  of  my  master,  and  I  will  bring  thee  down  to  this 
company." 

16  And  when  he  had  brought  him  down,  behold,  they  were  spread 
iiThes.5.3.  abroad  upon  all  the  earth,  'eating  and  drinking,  and  dancing,  because 
of  all  the  great  spoil  that  they  had  taken  out  of  the  land  of  the  Philis- 
tines, and  out  of  the  land  of  Judah.  i"  And  David  smote  them  from 
tHeb.  their  mor-  jj-^g  twiUght  cvcH  uuto  thc  evcuing  of  tthc  next  day  ;  and  there  escaped 
not  a  man  of  them,  save  four  hundred  young  men,  which  rode  upon 
camels,  and  fled,  i^  And  David  recovered  all  that  the  Amalekites  had 
carried  away  ;  and  David  rescued  his  two  wives,  i'-*  And  there  was 
nothing  lacking  to  them,  neither  small  nor  great,  neither  sons  nor 
daughters,  neither  spoil,  nor  any  thing  that  they  had  taken  to  them : 
David  recovered  all.  -''  And  David  took  all  the  flocks  and  the  herds, 
which  they  drave  before  those  other  cattle,  and  said,  "  This  is  David's 
spoil."  . 

21  And  David  came  to  the  two  hundred  men,  which  were  so  faint 

that  they  could  not  follow  David,  whom  they  had  made  also  to  abide 

at  the  brook  Besor  ;  and  they  went  forth  to  meet  David,  and  to  meet 

the  people  that  were  with  him,  and  when  David  came  near  to  the  peo- 

X  Or,  asked  them  pje,  he  Isaluted  them.  ^^  Then  answered  all  the  wicked  men  and  men 

,^^0  they  did.  in.  .^^'g^jj^j^  of  *those  that  went  with  David,  and  said,  "Because  they 

jDe.^3.  13.  Ju.  ^gj^^  not  with  us,  we  wiUnot  give  them  aught  of  the  spoil  that  we  have 

♦  Heb.  men.         recovered,  save  to  every  man  his  wife  and  his  children,  that  they  may 

lead  them  away,  and  depart."  ^sThen  said  David,  "Ye  shall  not  do 

so,  my  brethren,  with  that  which  the  Lord  hath  given  us,  who  hath 

preserved  us,  and  delivered  the  company  that  came  against  us  into 

,r^T    T  2k* 


438 


BATTLE  OF  MOUNT  GILBOA— DEATH  OF  SAUL.  [Period  IV. 


k  See  Nu.  31.  27. 
Jos.  -22.  8. 


t  Heb.  and  fur- 
ward. 


t  Heb.  blessintr. 
Ge.  33.  11. 


m  Jos.  15.  4?. 
n  Jos.  13.  16. 
0  Jos.  15.  50. 

V  1  Sa.  27.  10. 
Jill.  1.  Id,  17. 


our  hand.  ~^  For  who  will  hearken  unto  you  in  this  matter  ?  but  ^as  his 
part  is  that  goeth  down  to  the  batde,  so  shall  his  part  be  that  tarrieth 
by  the  stuff:  they  shall  part  alike."  -'"  And  it  was  so  from  that  day  tfor- 
ward,  that  he  made  it  a  statute  and  an  ordinance  for  Israel  unto  this  day. 
2^  And  when  David  came  to  Ziklag,  he  sent  of  the  spoil  unto  the 
elders  of  Judah,  even  to  his  friends,  saying,  "  Behold  a  tpresent  for 
you  of  the  spoil  of  the  enemies  of  the  Lord  ; "  2"  to  them  which  were 
in  Beth-el,  and  to  them  which  were  in  'South  Ramoth,  and  to  them 
which  were  in  "Jattir,  ^'^  and  to  them  which  were  in  "Aroer,  and  to  them 
which  were  in  Siphmoth,  and  to  them  which  were  in  "Eshtemoa,  ~^and 
to  them  which  were  in  Radial,  and  to  them  which  were  in  the  cities 
of  '"the  Jerahmeelites,  and  to  them  which  were  in  the  cities  of  the 
*Kenites,  ^'^and  to  them  which  were  in  Hormah,  and  to  them  which  were 
in  Chor-ashan,  and  to  them  which  were  in  Athach,  -^^  and  to  them  which 
were  in  '^Hebron,  and  to  all  the  places  where  David  himself  and  his 
men  were  wont  to  haunt. 


5ECT.  xvnr. 

A.  M.  2949. 

B.  C.  1055. 
Hales,  1070. 

Klount  Gilboa. 


a  1  Sa.  14.  49. 
1  Ch.  8.  33. 


X  Woh.  found  him. 
b  So  Ju.  9.  !>4. 
c  1  Sa.  14.  C.  & 
17.  26. 
*  Or,  mock  me. 


d  1  Sa.  21.  9. 

eJu.  2.  13. 

/2Sa.  21.  12. 

^Jos.  17.  11.  Ju. 

S.  27. 

■f  Or,  concerning 
him. 

A  See  1  Sa.  11.  1- 
11. 

i2Ch.  16.14.  Jo. 
34.  5.  Am.  6.  10. 

j2Sa.21.  12-14. 

k  Ge.  50.  10. 

X  Heb.  trans- 
gressed. 


Sect.  XVIII. Battle  of  Movnt  Gilboa  ; — Death  of  Saul  and  his  Sons  ; — 

David's  Lamentation  over  them. 
1  Sam.  xxxi. — 1  Chron.  x.  13,  14.— 2  Sam.  i.— 1  Chrox.  x.  1-12. 

Saul  having  lost  his  army,  and  his  sons  slain,  he  and  his  armorbearer  kill  themselves.  7  Tlie  Philis- 
tines possess  the  forsaken  towns  of  the  Israelites.  8  Tliey  tnnmph  over  the  dead  carcasses.  II 
They  of  Jahesh-rrilead,  recovenng  the  bodies  by  night,  burn  them  at  Jabesh,  and  mournfully  bury 
theirbones.  —  1  Chron.x.  13  The  cause  of  Saul's  death.  —  2Sam.  i.  2  The  Amalekite,who  brouglit 
tidings  of  the  overthrow,  and  accused  himself  of  Saul's  death,  is  slai7i.  17  David  lamenieth  Saul 
and  Jonathan  with  a  song. 

^  Now  the  Philistines  fought  against  Israel ;  and  the  men  of  Israel 
fled  from  before  the  Philistines,  and  fell  down  *slain  in  Mount  Gilboa. 
^  And  the  Philistines  followed  hard  upon  Saul  and  upon  his  sons ;  and  the 
Philistines  slew  "Jonathan,  and  Abinadab,  and  Melchi-shua,  Saul's  sons. 
3  And  the  battle  went  sore  against  Saul,  and  the  tarchers  Ihit  him  ;  and 
he  was  sore  wounded  of  the  archers.  ^  Then  ''said  Saul  unto  his  armor- 
bearer,  "  Draw  thy  sword,  and  thrust  me  through  therewith  ;  lest  "^these 
uncircumcised  come  and  thrust  me  through,  and  *abuse  me."  But  his 
armorbearer  would  not,  for  he  was  sore  afraid.  Therefore  Saul  took  a 
sword,  and  fell  upon  it.  ^  And  when  his  armorbearer  saw  that  Saul 
was  dead,  he  fell  likewise  upon  his  sword,  and  died  with  him.  ^  So 
Saul  died,  and  his  three  sons,  and  his  armorbearer,  and  all  his  men, 
that  same  day  together. 

''  (And  when  the  men  of  Israel  that  were  on  the  other  side  of  the 
valley,  and  they  that  were  on  the  other  side  Jordan,  saw  that  the  men 
of  Israel  fled,  and  that  Saul  and  his  sons  were  dead,  they  forsook  the 
cities,  and  fled  ;  and  the  Philistines  came  and  dwelt  in  them.) 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  on  tlie  morrow,  when  the  Philistines  came  to 
strip  the  slain,  that  they  found  Saul  and  his  three  sons  fallen  in  Mount 
Gilboa.  ^  And  they  cut  off  his  head,  and  stripped  off  his  armor,  and 
sent  into  the  land  of  the  Philistines  round  about,  to  publish  it  in  the 
house  of  tiieir  idols,  and  among  the  |)eople.  '"  And  ''they  put  his  armor 
in  the  house  of  'Ashtaroth,  and  ^thcy  fastened  his  body  to  the  wall  of 
^Beth-shan. 

1'  And  when  the  inhabitants  of  Jabesh-gilead  heard  tof  that  which 
the  Philistines  had  done  to  Saul,  ^^all  "the  valiant  men  arose,  and 
■  went  all  night,  and  took  the  body  of  Saul  and  the  bodies  of  his  sons 
from  the  wall  of  Beth-shan,  and  came  to  Jabesh,  and  'burnt  them  there. 
1^  And  they  took  their  bones,  and  'buried  tiiem  under  a  tree  at  Jabesh, 
and  *  fasted  seven  days. 

^^  So  Saul  died  for  his  transgression  which  he  tcommitted  \^'^^^^\^- 
against  the  Lord,  even  against  the  word  of  the  Lord,  which 
he  kept  not,  and  also  for  asking  counsel  of  one  that  had  a  familiar 


4-c.  1  Sa.  4.  Iti. 


n  See  ]  Sa.  31. 


Part  VI.]  DAVID'S  LAMENTATION  OVER  SAUL.  439 

spirit,  to  inquire  of  it ;  ^*  and  inquired  not  of  the  Lord  :  therefore  he 
X  Heb.  iMi.         slew  Ilim,  and  turned  the  kingdom  unto  David  the  son  of  tJesse. 

1  Now  it  came  to  pass  after  the  death  of  Saul,  when  David      2  Sam.  i. 
1 1  Sa.  30. 17, 26.  was  rctumod   from   'the  slaughter  of  the  Amalekites,  and 

David   had  abode  two  days  in  Ziklag ;  ^  it  came  even  to  pass  on  the 

m2Sa.  4. 10.       third  day,  that,  behold,  '"a  man  came  out  of  the  camp  from  Saul  with 

his   clothes   rent,  and   earth   upon   his  head ;    and  so  it  was,  when  he 

came  to  David,  that  he  fell  to  the   earth,   and   did   obeisance.  ^  And 

David  said  unto  him,  "  From  whence  comest  thou  ?  "  And  he  said  unto 

him,  "  Out  of  the  camp  of  Israel  am  I  escaped."  ^  And  David  said  unto 

*  Heb.  matwas,  \iim^  "■  *How  WBut  the  matter  ?    I  pray  thee,  tell  me."   And  he  answered, 

"  That  the  people  are  fled  from  the  battle,  and  many  of  the  people  also 

are  fallen  and  dead  ;  and  Saul  and  Jonathan  his  son  are  dead  also." 

^  And  David  said  unto  the  young  man  that  told  him,  "  How  knowest 

thou  that  Saul  and  Jonathan  his  son  be  dead  ?  "  ^  And  the  young  man 

that  told  him  said,  "  As  I  happened  by  chance  upon  Mount  Gilboa, 

behold,  "Saul  leaned  upon  his  spear ;  and,  lo,  the  chariots  and  horse- 

'^'^'  men  followed  hard  after  him.  '^  And  when  he  looked  behind  him,  he 

^Heh.  Behold  me.  saw  me,  and  called  unto  me.    And  I  answered,  '  tHere  am  I.'  ^And 

he  said  unto  me,   '  Who  art  thou  ? '    And  I  answered  him,  '  I  am  an 

Amalekite.'  ^  He  said  unto  me  again,  '  Stand,  I  pray  thee,  upon   me, 

XOr,m,jroatof    and  slay  me  :  for  languish  is  come  upon  me,  because   my  life   is   yet 

bZda-lscZt'"''  whole  in  me.'  ^"^  So  I  stood   upon   him,  and  "slew  him,  because  I  was 

(t!f„"^,Vc?       suie  that  he  could  not  live  after  that  he  was   fallen  :   and  I  took   the 

oJu.  9.  51.  crown  that  was  upon  his  head,  and  the  bracelet  that  was  on  his   arm, 

and  have  brought  them  hither  unto  my  lord."  ^^  Then  David  took  hold 

on  his  clothes,  and  rent  them ;  and  likewise  all  the  men  that  were  with 

him  :  ^~and  they  mourned,  and  wept,  and  fasted  until  even,  for  Saul, 

and  for  Jonathan  his  son,  and  for  the  people  of  the  Lord,  and  for  the 

house  of  Israel ;  because  they  were  fallen  by  the  sword. 

^^  And  David  said  unto  the  young  man  that  told  him,  "  Whence  art 

thou  ?  "  And  he  answered,  "  I  am  the  son  of  a  stranger,  an  Amalekite." 

pNu.  12. 8.         14  And  David  said  unto  him,  "How  ^wast  thou  not  'afraid  to  'stretch 

'isa'24'6'&     ^^'"^^^  ^^y  '^^"*^  ^^  destroy  the  Lord's  anointed  ?  "   ^^  And  David  called 

one  of  the  young  men,  and  said,  "  Go  near,  and  fall  upon  him."    And 

he  smote  him  that  he  died.  ^'^  And  David  said  unto  him,  "Thy  'blood 

uciTarsK'ss,    be  upon  thy  head ;  'for  thy  mouth  hath  testified  against  thee,   saying, 

'  I  have  slam  the  Lord's  anointed.'  " 

i^And  David  lamented  with  this  lamentation  over  Saul  and  over 
Jonathan  his  son :   ^'^  (Also  he  bade  them  teach  the  children  of  Judah 
a  Or,  tiie  songof  a^-j-jg  ygg  ^f  ^j^g  j^y^y  .  behold,  it  is  Written  in  the  Book  of  *Jasher)  : — 
beingThe  titL  19  "  The  bcauty  of  Israel  is  slain  upon  thy  high  places : 

*°or  ne'up.  I^ow  are  the  mighty  fallen  ! 

rigL  Jos.  Vo.     20  Tell  "it  not  in  Gath, 
w  I'sa.  31. 9.  Publish  it  not  in  the  streets  of  Askelon ; 

ju.'ie.'as;  ^'^        Lest  ^the  daughters  of  Hhe  Philistines  rejoice, 
X  See  Ex.  15.  20.       Lcst  thc  daughters  of  the  uncircumcised  triumph. 
ju.11.34.  i^a.  2^  Yg  mountains  of  Gilboa!  'let  there  be  no  dew, 
!so?u^5'23  Neither  let  there  be  rain,  upon  you,  nor  fields  of  offerings : 

For  there  the  shield  of  the  mighty  is  vilely  cast  away. 
The  shield  of  Saul,  as  though  he  had  not  been  "anointed  with  oil. 
22  From  the  blood  of  the  slain, 
From  the  fat  of  the  mighty. 
The  'bow  of  Jonathan  turned  not  back, 
And  the  sword  of  Saul  returned  not  empty. 
~2  Saul  and  Jonathan  were  lovely  and  tpleasant  in  their  lives, 
And  in  their  death  they  were  not  divided : 


26.  9.  Ps.  105. 
15. 

Sa.  26.  9. 


37, 
f  Lu.  19.  22 


Job3.  3,  4.  Je. 
20.  14. 
a  1  Sa.  10.  1. 


440 


DAVID  MADE  KING  AT  HEBRON. 


[Period  IV. 


dl  Sa. 


1,3. 


They  were  swifter  than  eagles, 
They  were  ""stronger  than  hons. 

24  Ye  daughters  of  Israel !  weep  over  Saul, 

Who  clothed  you  in  scarlet,  with  other  delights, 
Who  put  on  ornaments  of  gold  upon  your  apparel. 

25  How  are  the  mighty  fallen  in  the  midst  of  the  battle '. 
O  Jonathan  !  thou  wast  slain  in  thy  high  places. 

26  I  am  distressed  for  thee,  my  brother  Jonathan  : 
Very  pleasant  hast  thou  been  unto  me  ; 
Thy  ''love  to  me  was  wonderful, 


&  19.  2.  &  20.  -r.         .  ,        ,  c 

17, 41.  &  23. 16.       Passing  the  love  ot  women. 
2'^  How  are  the  mighty  fallen. 


J  Or,  trounded. 

*  Or,  Tshui.  1  Sa. 
14.  49. 

f  Heb.  shooters 

Willi  bows. 
X  Heh.  found 

him. 

*  Or,  mock  me. 


And  the  weapons  of  war  perished 


1  Chron.  X.  1-12.— >  Now  the  Philistines  fought  against  Israel ;  and  the  men  of  Israel 
fled  from  before  the  Philistines,  and  fell  down  tslain  in  IVIount  Gilboa.  ^  And  the  Philis- 
tines followed  hard  after  Saul,  and  after  his  sons  ;  and  the  Philistines  slew  Jonathan,  and 
^Abinadab,  and  Malchi-shua,  the  sons  of  Saul.  ^'And  the  battle  went  sore  against  Saul, 
and  the  tarchers  Jhit  him,  and  he  was  wounded  of  the  archers.  *  Then  said  Saul  to  his 
armorbearer,  "  Draw  thy  sword,  and  thrust  me  through  therewith  ;  lest  these  uncircum- 
cised  come  and  *abuse  me."  But  his  armorbearer  would  not;  for  he  was  sore  afraid.  So 
Saul  took  a  sword,  and  fell  upon  it.  ^  And  when  his  armorbearer  saw  that  Saul  was  dead, 
he  fell  likewise  on  the  sword,  and  died.  ''  So  Saul  died,  and  his  three  sons,  and  all  his 
house  died  tocrether.  '  And  when  all  the  men  of  Israel  that  were  in  the  valley  saw  that 
they  fled,  and  that  Saul  and  his  sons  were  dead,  then  they  forsook  their  cities,  arfd  fled; 
and  the  Philistines  came  and  dwelt  in  tliem. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  when  the  Philistines  came  to  strip  the  slain,  that 
they  found  Saul  and  his  sons  fallen  in  Mount  Gilboa.  ^  And  when  they  had  stripped  him, 
they  took  his  head,  and  his  armor,  and  sent  into  the  land  of  the  Philistines  round  about, 
to  carry  tidings  unto  their  idols,  and  to  the  people.  '"And  they  put  his  armor  in  the 
house  of  their  gods,  and  fastened  his  head  in  the  temple  of  Dagon. 

"And  when  all  Jabesh-gilead  heard  all  that  the  Philistines  had  done  to  Saul,  '^they 
arose,  all  the  valiant  men,  and  took  away  the  body  of  Saul,  and  the  bodies  of  his  sons, 
and  brought  them  to  Jabesh,  and  buried  their  bones  under  the  oak  in  Jabesh,  and  fasted 
seven  days. 


SECT.  I.       Section   I 


A.  M.   2951. 

B.  C.  10.VJ. 

Hales,  1070. 

Hebron. 


a  Ju.  1 
2.3.  2, 

7,8. 

.  1.   1  Sa. 
4,  9.  &  30. 

b\  Pa 
IKi. 

.  30.  31. 
2.11. 

clPa. 
ICh. 

,  27.  2,  3. 
12.1. 

d  1  .Mac.  2.  57 


el  Sa.31.  11,  13. 


PART     VII. 

THE   REIGN   OF  DAVID. 

David  made  King  at  Hebron; — Civil  War  in  Israel; — Tlic 
Deaths  of  Abner  and  Ish-boshcth. 

2  Samuel  ii.,  iii.  and  iv.  1-3,  5,  to  end. 

David,  by  God's  direction,  icUh  his  company  goelh  vp  to  Hebron,  where  he  is  made  king  of  Jtidah. 
5  He  comimndeth  them  of  Jabesh-gilead  for  their  kindness  to  Saul.  8  Abner  maketh  Ish-bosheth 
king  of  Israel.  12  A  mortal  skirmish  beticeen  twelve  of  Abner' s  and  twelve  ofJoab's  men.  1 8  Asa- 
hel  is  slain.  25  At  Abner's  motion  Joab  soundeth  a  retreat.  32  Asaliel's  burial.  —  Chap.  iii.  1 
Duringthe  war  David  still  icaxeth  stronger.  2  Six  sons  were  bom  to  him  in  Hebron.  6  Abner, 
displeased  with  Ish-bosheth,  12  revoUeth  to  David.  13  David  requireth  a  condition  to  bring  him 
his  wife  Miclud.  17  Abner,  bavins  communed  icith  the  Israelites,  is  feasted  by  Darid,  and  di.i- 
missed.  22  Joab,  returning  from  luitHr.  ix  di.tpleased  7vith  the  king,  and  killeth  Abner.  28  Daxnd 
curseth  Joab,  31  and  mouriielh    I'm-  .1/.?,.  ;•.  —  Chap.   iv.  1  The  Israelites  being  troubled  at  the 


death  of  Abner,  2  Baanah  a /id  h 
tht 


Ish-hoslieth,  and  bring  his  head  to  Hebron.     9  David 

I  Js!i-busli,'ll:\s  licad  to  be  buried. 


causcth  them  to  be  slain 

1  AND  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  David  "inquired  of  the  Lord, 
saying,  "  Shall  I  go  up  into  any  of  the  cities  of  Judah  ? "  And  the  Lord 
said  unto  him,  "  Go  up."  And  David  said,  "  Whither  sliall  I  go  up  ?  " 
And  he  said,  "  Unto  ''Hebron."  2  So  David  went  up  thither,  and  his 
two  wives  also,  Ahinoam  the  Jezreelitess,  and  Abigail  Nabal's  wife 
the  Carmelite.  ^  And  'his  men  that  were  with  him  did  David  bring 
up,  every  man  with  his  household  ;  and  they  dwelt  in  the  cities  of 
Hebron.  ^  And  ''the  men  of  Judah  came,  and  there  they  anointed  David 
king  over  the  house  of  Judah. 

And  they  told  David,  saying,  that  "  The  'men  of  Jabesh-gilead  were 
they  that  buried  Saul."  ^  And  David  sent  messengers  unto  the  men  of 


Part  VIL]  CIVIL  WAR  BETWEEN  ISRAEL  AND  JUDAH.  441 

Jabesh-gilead,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Blessed  be  ye  of  the  Lord,  that 
ye  have  showed  this  kindness  unto  your  lord,  even  unto  Saul,  and  have 

/2Ti.  1.16,18.  buried  him.  "^  And  now  -^the  Lord  show  kindness  and  truth  unto  you  ; 
and  I  also  will  requite  you  this  kindness,  because  ye  have  done  tiiis 
thinsj.    ^Therefore  now  let  your  hands  be  strengthened,  and  be  ye 

*  Heb.  the  sons  of  *  valTaut ;  for  your  master  Saul  is  dead,  and  also  the  house  of  Judah  have 
anointed  me  king  over  them." 

'^But  Abner  the  son  of  Ner,  captain  of  i  Saul's  host,  took  tlsh-bo- 
sheth  the  son  of  Saul,  and  brought  him  over  to  Mahanaim,  ^  and  made 
him  king  over  Gilead,  and  over  the  Ashurites,  and  over  Jezreel,  and 
over  Ephraim,  and  over  Benjamin,  and  over  all  Israel.  ^^  Ish-bosheth 
Saul's  son  was  forty  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign  over  Israel,  and 
reigned  two  years.    But  the  house  of  Judah  followed  David.  ^^  And  the 

*Heh.  number  of  *time  that  David  was  king  in  Hebron  over  the  house  of  Judah  was 

daijs.  1  Ki.2. 11.  .  P 

seven  years  and  six  months, 

12  And  Abner  the  son  of  Ner,  and  the  servants  of  Ish-bosheth  the  son 

of  Saul,  went  out  from  Mahanaim  to  Gibeon.  ^^  And  Joab  the  son   of 

t  ^J^^^^^^'^'f^      Zeruiah,  and  the  servants  of  David,  went  out,  and  met  ttogether  by  the 


12. 


pool  of  Gibeon  ;  and  they  sat  down,  the  one  on  the  one  side  of  the 
pool,  and  the  other  on  the  other  side  of  the  pool.   ^^  And  Abner  said 
to  Joab,  "  Let  the  young  men  now  arise,  and  play  before  us."    And  Joab 
said,  "  Let  them  arise."   ^^Then  there  arose  and  went  over  by  number 
twelve  of  Benjamin,  which  pertained  to  Ish-bosheth  the  son  of  Saul, 
and  twelve  of  the  servants  of  David.  ^^  And  they  caught  every  one  his 
fellow  by  the  head,  and  thrust  his  sword  in  his  fellow's  side;  so  they 
t  That  is,  The      {q\\  down  together  ;  wherefore  that  place  was  called  tHelkath-hazzurim, 
Mdof  strong      ^j^.^j^  .^  .^^  Gibeon.  1^  And  there  was  a  very  sore  battle  that  day  ;  and 
Abner  was  beaten,  and  the  men  of  Israel,  before  the  servants  of  David. 
^ici..2.i6.  18  And  there  were  ^'three  sons  of  Zeruiah  there,  Joab,  and  Abishai, 

*  Heb.  onis  feet,  and  Asahel ;  and  Asahel  was  as  light  *of  foot  fas  a  wild  roe.  ^^And  Asahel 
t  H*^eb'.  fs'oiie  of    pursucd  after  Abner  ;  and  in  going  he  turned  not  to  the  right  hand  nor  to 
t\7eMfpl.     the  left  tfrom  following  Abner.  ^o  Then  Abner  looked  behind  him,  and 
nLYTf^'    said,  "  Art  thou  Asahel  ?  "  And  he  answered,  "  I  am."  ^^  And  Abner 
t  Heb. from' aftc-r  said  to  him,  "  Tum  thee  aside  to  thy  right  hand  or  to  thy  left,  and  lay 
*'tr^oii  Ju      thee  hold  on  one  of  the  young  men,  and  take  thee  his  *armor."     But 
"•19.    ■     '     Asahel  would  not  turn  aside  from  following  him.  ^^  And  Abner  said 
again  to  Asahel,  "  Turn  thee  aside  from  following  me ;  wherefore  should 
I  smite  thee  to  the  ground  ?  how  then  should  I  hold  up  my  face  to  Joab 
thy  brother  ? "  ^3  Howbeit  he  refused  to  turn  aside  :  wherefore  Abner 
with  the  hinder  end  of  the  spear  smote  him  under  the  fifth  rib,  that  the 
spear  came  out  behind  him  ;  and  he  fell  down  there,  and  died  in  the 
same  place :  and  it  came  to  pass,  that  as  many  as  came  to  the  place 
where  Asahel  fell  down  and  died  stood  still.  ^^  Joab  also  and  Abishai 
pursued  after  Abner  ;  and  the  sun  went  down  when  they  were  come 
to  the  hill  of  Ammah,  that  lieth  before  Giah  by  the  way  of  the  wilder- 
ness of  Gibeon. 

25  And  the  children  of  Benjamin  gathered  themselves  together  after 

Abner,  and  became  one  troop,  and  stood  on  the  top  of  a  hill.  ^6  Then 

Abner  called  to   Joab,  and  said,  "  Shall  the  sword  devour  for  ever  ? 

knowest  thou  not  that  it  will  be  bitterness  in  the  latter  end  ?  how  long 

shall  it  be  then,  ere  thou  bid  the  people  return    from  following  their 

brethren?  "  -^  And  Joab  said,  "  As  God  liveth,  unless  thou  hadst  spoken, 

^ueh.  from  the     gurcly  thcu  tin  the  morning  the  people  had  tgone  up  every  one  from 

""=■  ^''  "'  following  his  brother."  ^8  So  Joab  blew  a  trumpet,  and  all  the  people  stood 

J  Or,  gone  away,   gjin^  j^j^^l  pursucd  after  Israel  no  more,  neither  fought  they  any  more. 

2^And  Abner  and  his  men  walked  all  that  night  through  the  plain,  and 

passed  over  Jordan,  and  went  through  all  Bithron,  and  they  came  to 

VOL.  I.  56 


442 


ABNER  REVOLTS  TO  DAVID. 


[Period  IV, 


1 1  Sa.  25.  43. 
»  Or,  Daniel, 
1  Ch.  3.  1. 


j  1  Ki.  1.  5. 


A;2Sa.21.  8,  10. 


nRu.  1.  17. 
0  1  Sa.  15.  28. 


p  Ju.  20.  ].  1  Ki 


3  1  Sa.  18. 


1  Sa.  18.  25,  27. 


J  Heb.  going  and 
wetting.    ■ 


Mahanaim.  ^^  And  Joab  returned  from  following  Abner :  and  when  he 
had  gathered  all  the  people  together,  there  lacked  of  David's  servants 
nineteen  men  and  Asahel.  ^^  But  the  servants  of  David  had  smitten  of 
Benjamin,  and  of  Abner's  men,  so  that  three  hundred  and  threescore 
men  died.  "^- And  they  took  up  Asahel,  and  buried  him  in  the  sepulchre 
of  his  father,  which  was  in  Beth-lehem.  And  Joab  and  his  men  went 
all  night,  and  they  came  to  Hebron  at  break  of  day. 

^  Now  there  was  long  war  between  the  house  of  Saul  and    2  SAsi.iii. 
the  house  of  David  :  but  David  waxed  stronger  and  stronger, 
and  the  house  of  Saul  waxed  weaker  and  weaker. 

^  And  ''unto  David  were  sons  born  in  Hebron  :  and  his  firstborn  was 
Amnon,  'of  Ahinoam  the  Jezreelitess  ;  ^and  his  second,  *Chileab,  of 
Abigail  the  wife  of  Nabal  the  Carmelite  ;  and  the  third,  Absalom  the 
son  of  Maacah  the  daughter  of  Talmai  king  of  Geshur  ;  ^  and  the  fourth, 
■'Adonijah  the  son  of  Haggith  ;  and  the  fifth,  Shephatiah  the  son  of 
Abital  ;  ^and  the  sixth,  Ithream,  by  Eglah  David's  wife.  These  were 
born  to  David  in  Hebron. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  while  there  was  war  between  the  house  of 
Saul  and  the  liouse  of  David,  that  Abner  made  himself  strong  for  the 
house  of  Saul.  ^  And  Saul  had  a  concubine,  whose  name  was  'Rizpah, 
the  daughter  of  Aiah  :  and  Ish-bosheth  said  to  Abner,  "  Wherefore  hast 
thou  'gone  in  unto  my  father's  concubine  ?  "  ®  Then  was  Abner  very 
wroth  for  the  words  of  Ish-bosheth,  and  said,  "  Am  I  "'a  dog's  head, 
which  against  Judah  do  show  kindness  this  day  unto  the  house  of  Saul 
thy  father,  to  his  brethren,  and  to  his  friends,  and  have  not  delivered 
thee  into  the  hand  of  David,  that  thou  chargest  me  to-day  with  a  fault 
concerning  this  woman  ?  ^  So  "do  God  to  Abner,  and  more  also,  except, 
"as  the  Lord  hath  sworn  to  David,  even  so  I  do  to  him ;  ^^  to  translate 
the  kingdom  from  the  house  of  Saul,  and  to  set  up  the  throne  of  David 
over  Israel  and  over  Judah,  ^'from  Dan  even  to  Beer-sheba."  ^^  And  he 
could  not  answer  Abner  a  word  again,  because  he  feared  him. 

^  And  Abner  sent  messengers  to  David  on  his  behalf,  saying,  "  Whose 
is  the  land  ? "  saying  also,  "  Make  thy  league  with  me,  and,  behold, 
my  hand  shall  be  with  thee,  to  bring  about  all  Israel  unto  thee." 
^^  And  he  said,  "  Well ;  I  will  make  a  league  with  thee  ;  but  one  thing 
I  require  of  thee,  tthat  is.  Thou  shalt  not  see  my  face  except  tliou  first 
bring  'Michal  Saul's  daughter,  when  thou  comest  to  see  my  face." 
^"^And  David  sent  messengers  to  Ish-bosheth  Saul's  son,  saying,  '•  Deliver 
me  my  wife  Michal,  which  I  espoused  to  me '^ for  an  hundred  foreskins 
of  the  Philistines."  1=  And  Ish-bosheth  sent,  and  took  her  from  her  hus- 
band, even  from  Thai tiel  the  son  of  Laish.  ^^And  her  husband  went 
with  her  talong  weeping  behind  her  to  Bahurim.  Then  said  Abner 
unto  him,  "  Go,  return."    And  he  returned. 


*  Heb.  bntk  i/rs- 
ter  lay  and  the 
third  daij. 


"  Ye  sought  for  David  *in  times  past  to  be  king  over  you.  ^^  Now  then 
do  it  ;  for  the  Lord  hath  spoken  of  David,  saying,  '  By  the  hand  of 
my  servant  David  I  will  save  my  people  Israel  out  of  the  hand  of  the 
Philistines,  and  out  of  the  hand  of  all  their  enemies.'  "  '^  And  Abner 
also  spake  in  the  ears  of  'Benjamin  ;  and  Abner  went  also  to  speak  in 
the  ears  of  David  in  Hebron  all  that  seemed  good  to  Israel,  and  that 
seemed  good  to  the  whole  house  of  Benjamin.  -"  So  Abner  came  to 
David  to  Hebron,  and  twenty  men  with  him.  And  David  made  Abner 
and  the  men  that  were  with  him  a  feast.  ~^  And  Abner  said  unto  David, 
"I  will  arise  and  go.  and  will  gather  all  Israel  unto  my  lord  the  king, 
that  they  may  make  a  league  with  thee,  and  that  thou  mayest  "reign 
over  all  tliat  thy  heart  desireth."  And  David  sent  Abner  away  ;  and  he 
went  in  peace 


Part  VII.]  JOAB  KELLETH  ABNER.  443 

22  And,  behold  !  the  servants  of  David  and  Joab  came  from  pur- 
suing a  troop,  and  brought  in  a  great  spoil  with  them;  but  Abner  was 
not  with  David  in  Hebron,  for  he  had  sent  him  away,  and  he  was  gone 
in  peace.  -^  When  Joab  and  all  the  host  that  was  with  him  were  come, 
they  told  Joab,  saying,  "  Abner  the  son  of  Ner  came  to  the  king,  and 
he  hath  sent  him  away,  and  he  is  gone  in  peace."  ^^  Then  Joab  came 
to  the  king,  and  said,  "  What  hast  thou  done?  behold!  Abner  came 
unto  thee'';  why  is  it  that  thou  hast  sent  him  away,  and  he  is  quite 
gone  ?  2^  Thou  knowest  Abner  the  son  of  Ner,  that  he  came  to  deceive 
o  1  sa.  29. 6.  Is.  thee,  and  to  know  "thy  going  out  and  thy  coming  in,  and  to  know  all 
^^'^'  that  thou  doest."  ^e  And  when  Joab  was  come  out  from  David,  he  sent 

messengers  after  Abner,  which  brought  him  again  from  the  well  of 
Sirah ;  but  David  knew  it  not.  ^^  And  when  Abner  was  returned  to 
'«iKi.^2.5.so    Hebron,  Joab  "took  him  aside  in  the  gate  to  speak  with  him  tquietly, 
totp«^^i»-     and  smote  him  there  under  the  fifth  rib,  that  he  died,  for  the  blood  of 
Asahel  his  brother. 

28  And  afterward  when  David  heard  it,  he  said,  "  I  and  my  kingdom 

J  Heb.  bloods.      £^j.g  guiltless  before  the  Lord  for  ever  from  the  tblood  of  Abner  the 

1 1  Ki.  2.  32,  33.  son  of  Ncr.  2^  Let  ""it  rest  on  the  head  of  Joab,  and  on  all  his  father's 

*  neh.be  cut  off.   house  ;  and  let  there  not  *fail  from  the  house  of  Joab  one  "that  hath 

y  Le.  15. 2.         ^^  .^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  .^  ^  \eper,  or  that  leaneth  on  a  staff,  or  that  falleth  on 

the  sword,  or  that  lacketh  bread."  ^o  So  Joab  and  Abishai  his  brother 

slew  Abner,  because  he  had  slain  their  brother  Asahel  at  Gibeon  in 

the  battle. 

31  And  David  said  to  Joab,  and  to  all  the  people  that  were  with 

»jos.  7.6.  him,  "  Rend  ''your  clothes,  and  "gird  you  with  sackcloth,  and  mourn 

iHlb^Ief'        before  Abner."     And  king  David  himself  followed  the  tbier.  ^^And 

they  buried  Abner  in  Hebron  :  and  the  king  lifted  up  his  voice,  and 

wept  at  the  grave  of  Abner  ;  and  all  the  people  wept.  ^3  And  the  king 

lamented  over  Abner,  and  said, — 

''Died  Abner  as  a  fool  dieth  ? 
^^  Thy  hands  were  not  bound, 
Nor  thy  feet  put  into  fetters  : 
t  Heb.  c^a<&-e«  As  a  man  falleth  before  twicked  men,  so  fellest  thou." 

ofuuquity.  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^  people  wept  again  over  him.  ^sAnd  when  all  the  people 
6  2Sa.  i2.i7.Je.  came  Ho  cause  David  to  eat  meat  while  it  was  yet  day,  David  sware, 
^^'  '■  saying,  "  So  do  God  to  me,  and  more  also,  if  I  taste  bread,  or  aught 

else,  till  the  sun  be  down."  ^6  And  all  the  people  took  notice  of  it,  and 
*  lieh.  was  good   j^  *pleased  them  ;  as  whatsoever  the  king  did  pleased  all  the  people. 
'"  '^'"'  "■"''       37  For  all  the  people  and  all  Israel  understood  that  day  that  it  was  not 
of  the  king  to  slay  Abner  the  son  of  Ner.  '^^  And  the  king  said  unto 
his  servants,  "Know  ye  not  that  there  is  a  prince  and  a  great  man 
t  Heb.  tmder.      fallen  this  day  in  Israel  ?  ^^  And  I  am  this  day  tweak,  though  anointed 
esee 2Sa^i9. 1^3.  j^j^g  .  and   thcsc  mcu  the  sons  of  Zeruiah  be  too  hard  for  me  :   'the 
34.  Ps.'-28'.  I  &  Lord  shall  reward  the  doer  of  evil  according  to  his  wickedness." 
62. 12. 2  Ti.  4.         i^nd  when  Saul's  son  heard  that  Abner  was  dead  in   2  Sam.  iv. 
d  Ezra  4. 4.  Is.     Hebron,  ''his  hands  were  feeble,  and  all  the  Israelites  were  ca;ccp«  vcr.  4. 
« Mal'2. 3.         'troubled.  2  And  SauFs  son  had  two  men  that  were  captains  of  bands  ; 
J  neh.  second.      the  name  of  the  one  was  Baanah,  and  the  name  of  the  tother  Rechab, 
the  sons  of  Rimmon  a  Beerothite,  of  the  children  of  Benjamin  :   (for 
/Jos.  18.  25.       /Beeroth  also  was  reckoned  to  Benjamin  ;  ^  and  the  Beerothites  fled  to 
Gittaim,  and  were  sojourners  there  until  this  day.)   ^And  the  sons 
of  Rimmon    the    Beerothite,   Rechab  and    Baanah,   went,  and  came 
about  the  heat  of  the  day  to  the  house  of  Ish-bosheth,  who  lay  on  a 
bed  at  noon.  ^  And  they  came  thither  into  the  midst  of  tlie  house,  as 
though  they  would  have  fetched  wheat,  and  they  smote  him  under  the 
fifth  rib ;  and  Rechab  and  Baanah  his  brother  escaped.  '  For  when  they 


444  DAVID  MADE  KING  OVER  ALL  ISRAEL.         [Period  IV. 

came  into  the  house,  he  lay  on  his  bed  in  his  bedchamber,  and  they 

smote  him,  and  slew  liim,  and  beheaded  him,  and  took  his  head,  and 

gat  them   away  through   the  plain  all  night.  ^  And  they  brought  the 

head  of  Ish-bosheth  unto  David  to  Hebron,  and    said    to  the  king, 

"  Behold  the  head  of  Ish-bosheth  the  son  of  Saul  thine  enemy,  ^which 

sought  thy  life !  and  the  Lord  hath  avenged  my  lord  the  king  this  day 

of  Saul,  and  of  his  seed." 

^■^i  sa.  19. 2, 10,        9  ^„(j  David  answered  Rechab  and  Baanah  his  brother,  the  sons  of 

Rimmon  the  Beerothite,  and  said  unto  them,  "  As  the  Lord  liveth, 

Svho  hath  redeemed  my  soul  out  of  all  adversity,  ^°when  one  told  me 

saying,  'Behold,  Saul  is  dead,'  *thinking  to  have  brought  good  tidings, 

^i^lg^p/V?''  I  ^^^^  ^'^^^  ^^  ^''^'  ^"^^  ^^^^^'  '^""  "^  Ziklag,  twho  thought  that  I  would 

*Heh.  he  was  in   havc  givcu  hiiii  a  reward  for  his  tidings.   ^^  How  much  more,  when 

al.rlnge^r^c'^    wickcd  iiicn  havc  slain  a  righteous  person  in  his  own  house  upon  his 

t Or, jcAicA was     bed!  shall  I  not  therefore  now  'require  his  blood   of  your  hand,  and 

^hiJf^his  ti-""^  take  you  away  from  the  earth  ?  "  ^- And  David  commanded  his  young 

men,  and  they  slew  them,  and  cut  off  their  hands  and  their  feet,  and 

hanged  them  up  over  the  pool  in  Hebron.     But  they  took  the   head 

of  Ish-bosheth,  and  buried  it  in  the  sepulchre  of  Abner  in  Hebron. 


dings. 
i  Ge.  9.  5, 6, 


SECT.  n. 


Section  II. — David  made   King  over   all  Israel; — List  of  David's   chief 
3Icn  ; — Zion  taken J*^^ 

2  Sam.  v.  1-3. — 1  Chron.  xiii.  1-4.— Psalm  cxxxix.— 1    Chkon.  xii.  23,  to  the  end. — 

A.  M.  2956.  2  Sam.  xxiii.  8-12.— 1  Chron.  xi.  20,  to  the  end.— 2  Sam.  v.  4-10.— 1  Chron.  xi.  1-14. 

B.  C.  1048.  — 2  S-*^'"-  xxiii.  18,  to  the  end. 

Hales,  1063.       Tjie  tribes  come  to  Hebron  to  anoint  Band  king  over  Israel.     He  proposeth  to  bring  the  ark  from 
Hebron.  Kirjath-iearim.     The  arndes  that  came  to  him  at  Hebron.     A  catalogue  of  his  mighty  men.     His 
age.     lie  taketh  Zion  from  the  Jebusiles,  and  dwelleth  there. 

^  Then  came  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  to  David  unto  Hebron,  and 
aGe.29. 14.  spake,  sayiug,  "  Behold,  "we  are  thy  bone  and  thy  flesh.  '^  Also  in  time 
iisa.  18. 13.  past,  when  Saul  was  king  over  us,  Hhou  wast  he  that  leddest  out  and 
e  1  sa.  16. 1, 12.  broughtcst  iu  IsracI :  and  the  Lord  said  to  thee, '  Thou  'shalt  feed  my 
2  sa.^7.^7.' ""  people  Israel,  and  thou  shalt  be  a  captain  over  Israel.'  "  ^  So  all  the 
elders  of  Israel  came  to  the  king  to  Hebron  ;  and  king  David  made 
dju.  11. 11.        a  leao-ue  with  them  in  Hebron  ''before  the  Lord:   and  they  anointed 

]  Sa.  23.  18.  -nw       •'■?,•  T  1 

David  king  over  Israel. 

1  And  David  consulted  with  the  captains  of  thousands  and     ^^  Jj"  j^^' 

hundreds,  and  with  every  leader.  ~  And  David  said  unto  all 

the  congregation  of  Israel,  "  If  it  seem  good  unto  you,  and  that  it  be 

*nch.hius        of  the  Lord  our  God,  *let   us  send  abroad  unto   our  brethren  every 

w-/«r£Aan<i    ^^j^^^.^^  ^j^^^  ^^^  q^fj  j^  j^jj  ^j^g  ]^j-,(j  ^f  Isracl,  aud  with  them  also  to 

*37^4'.  ^^'  ^'  ^''  the  priests  and  Levites  which  are  tin  their  cities  and  suburbs,  that  they 
if-aeh.  in  the  cities  may  gather  themselves  unto  us.  ^And  let  us  tbring  again  the  ark  of 
/iettS"'*"  our  God  to  us  ;  -^for  we  inquired  not  at  it  in  the  days  of  Saul."  ^  And 
about.  j^ij  jj^g  congregation  said  that  they  would  do  so  ;  for  the  thing  was  right 


/I  Sa.  7.  1,2. 


m 


the  eyes  of  all  the  people. 


(■•8)  This  arrangement  of  section  ii.  is  made  on  the  difference  between  the  catalojrue  of  these  warriors 
authority  of  the  author  of  the  Book  of  Chronicles  ;  in  1  Samuel  xxii.  and  that  in  1  Chron.  xi.  Dr. 
who  places  the  list  of  David's  warriors  after  the  Kennicott,  in  a  valuable  and  learned  dissertation, 
account  of  his  being  made  king  by  all  the  tribes  has  reconciled  the  apparent  discrepancies  in  the  two 
of  Israel  at  Hebroii!  They  are  mentioned  before  lists  by  comparing  both  with  the  Septuagint,  and 
the  numbering  of  the  people  in  the  Second  Book  pointing  out  the  manner  in  which  it  is  probable  the 
of  Samuel;  but  for  what  reason  is  not  apparent,  various  minor  changes  of  letters  and  words  might 
The  most  appropriate  place  for  them  seems  to  bo  have  occurred.  The  passages  (2  Sam.  xxui.  ver.  13 
that  which  follows  the  history  of  David's  elevation  ;  -]7.)  and  (1  Chron.  xi.  15-19.)  have  been  insert- 
who  was  in  a  great  measure  indebted  to  their  ed  above,  Part  vi.  sect.  vii.  Vide  Kennicott's  Dis- 
allegiance,  among  other  human  means,  for  the  scrtation  on  the  State  of  the  Hebrew  Tcxf,  vol.  i.  par- 
possession   of  the   throne.    There   is  some    partial  ticularly  p.  248-260. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID  MADE  KING  OVER  ALL  ISRAEL. 


445 


PS.  CXXXIX. 


a  Ps.  17.  3.  Je. 

12.  3. 
b  2  Ki.  19.  27. 
cMat.  9.  4.  Jo.2 

24,  25.  See  Job 

14.  16. 
*  Or,  winnowest. 


d  Heb.  4.  13. 


e  Job  42.  3. 


/Je.  23. 24.  Jonah 
1.3. 


g  Am.  9. 

h  Job  26. 
15.  11. 


2-4. 
6.  Fr. 


i  Da.  2. 22.  He.  4 

13. 
f  Heb.  darkeneth 

nut. 
\  Heb.  As  is  the 

darkness,  so  ia 

the  Usht. 


*  Heb.  greatly. 

t  Or,  strength,  or 
body.  Job  10.  8, 
9.  Ec.  11.  5. 


XHeh.  all  of  them 

*  Or,  What  days 
they  should  be 
fashioned. 
j  Ps.  40.  5. 


kla.  11.4. 
I  Ps.  119.  115. 
m  Jude  15. 


n  2  Ch.  19 
119.  158. 


PSALM  CXXXIX.W 

David  praisetk  God  for  his  all-seeing  providence,  17  and  for  his  infnite  mercies.     19  He  defeth  the 
^  -^  tvicked.     23  He  prayethjor  smcenttj. 

To  the  chief  Rluslciaii,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  O  Lord  !  "thou  hast  searched  me,  and  known  me. 

2  Thou  'knowest  my  downsitting   and  mine  uprising, 
Thou  'understandest  my  thought  afar  off. 

3  Thou  *compassest  my  path  and  my  lying  down, 
And  art  acquainted  with  all  my  ways. 

4  For  there  is  not  a  word  in  my  tongue, 

But,  lo,  O  Lord  !  ''thou  knowest  it  altogether. 

5  Thou  hast  beset  me  behind  and  before. 
And  laid  thy  hand  upon  me. 

<5  Such  'knowledge  is  too  wonderful  for  me  ; 
It  is  high — I  cannot  attain  unto  it. 
Whither  •'"shall  I  go  from  thy  Spirit  ? 
Or  whither  shall  I  flee  from  thy  presence  ? 
If  ^I  ascend  up  into  heaven— thou  art  there : 
If  "I  make  my  bed  in  hell— behold,  thou  art  there. 
If  I  take  the  wings  of  the  morning, 
And  dwell  in  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  sea  ; 
Even  there  shall  thy  hand  lead  me. 
And  thy  right  hand  shall  hold  me. 
If  I  say,  Surely  the  darkness  shall  cover  me  ; 
Even  the  night  shall  be  light  about  me. 
Yea,  Hhe  darkness  thideth  not  from  thee; 
But  the  night  shineth  as  the  day  : 
tThe  darkness  and  the  light  are  both  alike  to  thee. 
For  thou  hast  possessed  my  reins  : 
Thou  hast  covered  me  in  my  mother's  womb. 
I  will  praise  thee ;  for  I  am  fearfully  and  wonderfully  made : 
Marvellous  are  thy  works  ; 
And  that  my  soul  knoweth  *right  well. 
My  tsubstance  was  not  hid  from  thee. 
When  I  was  made  in  secret, 

And  curiously  wrought  in  the  lowest  parts  of  the  earth. 
Thine  eyes  d"id  see  my  substance,  yet  being  imperfect ; 
And  in  thy  book  tall  my  members  were  written,  lot  them. 

*Which  in  continuance  were  fashioned,  when  as  yet  there  was  none 

17  How  ^precious  also  are  thy  thoughts  unto  me,  O  God . 
How  great  is  the  sum  of  them  !  ,         ,        .u  j 

18  If  I  should  count  them— they  are  more  in  number  than  the  sand : 
When  I  awake,  I  am  still  with  thee. 

1^  Surely  thou  wilt  *slay  the  wicked,  O  God ! 
Depart  'from  me  therefore,  ye  bloody  men. 
20  For  they  "speak  against  thee  wickedly. 
And  thine  enemies  take  thy  name  in  vain. 
P^-  21  Do  "not  I  hate  them,  O  Lord  !  that  hate  thee  i 

And  am  not  I  grieved  with  those  that  rise  up  against  thee  ? 
22  I  hate  them  with  perfect  hatred  : 

I  count  them  mine  enemies.  


(«)  Immediately  on  David's  accession  to  the  throne 
of  Israel,  we  read  in  Chronicles  that  he  proposed 
the  fetching  up  of  the  ark  from  Kirjath-jearim.  His 
first  thought  was  gratitude  and  adoration  to  that 
God  who  had  fulfilled  his  promises,  and  made  him 
ruler  over  his  people.  On  this  supposition  I  have 
inserted  the  139th  Psalm  in  this  place,  although  the 
date  and  occasion  of  the  Psalm  are  uncertain.  On 
VOL.   I. 


surveying  the  whole  of  his  eventful  life,  David  ac- 
knowledges the  wisdom  of  Providence  alike  in  his 
adversity  and  prosperity  ;  he  resolves  to  restore  the 
ark  to  its  place,  proclaims  the  omniscience  of  God, 
and  concludes  this  song  of  praise  with  a  prayer  to 
be  preserved  from  the  evils  and  dangers  of  pros- 
perity, and  to  be  led  in  the  way  everlasting. 

2l 


446  LIST  OF  DAVID'S  CHIEF  MEN.  [Period  IV. 

<,^job^3i.  6.  Pa.     23  Search  °me,  O  God  !  and  know  my  heart : 

Try  me,  and  know  my  thoughts  : 
^pa'toTyi/-.     ^^  ^"^  see  if  there  be  any  twicked  way  in  me, 
pP3.5.8°&:  143.       And  ''lead  me  in  the  way  everlasting. 

10. 

*  Or,  captains,  or,      23  ^nd  thcsc  are  the  numbers  of  the  *bands  that  were    Jg^f^'*"^;^']; 
Heh'.heads.        ready  armed  to  the  war,  and  came  to  David  to  Hebron,  to 
a  1  sa.  16. 1, 3.     ^^^^-^  ^\^q  kingdom  of  Saul  to  iiim,  "according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord. 
2^  The  children  of  Judah  that  bare  shield  and  spear  were  six  thousand 
\Or,prepared.      and  eight  hundrcd,  ready  farmed   to  the  war.  ^^Qf  the  children  of 
Simeon,  mighty  men  of  valor  for  the  war,  seven  thousand  and  one  hun- 
dred. 2*^  Of  the  children  of  Levi  four  thousand  and  six  hundred.  2"  And 
Jehoiada  was  the  leader  of  the  Aaronites,   and  with  him  were  three 
thousand  and  seven  hundred,  ^s  And  Zadok,  a  young  man  mighty  of 
valor,  and  of  his  father's  house   twenty  and  two  captains.  ~^  And  of 
*gI^3i*23?'''"'    the  children  of  Benjamin,  the  tkindred  of  Saul,  three  thousand  ;  for 
* ueb.'amuitiiade  hitherto  *the  greatest  part  of  them  had  kept  the  ward  of  the  house  of 
of  then.  g^^j^  30  And  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  twenty  thousand  and  eight 

^Heh.  men  of      huudrcd,  mighty  men  of  valor,  tfamous  throughout  the  house  of  their 
""""*"  fathers.  ^^  And  of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh  eighteen  thousand,  which 

w^ere  expressed  by  name,  to  come  and  make  David  king.  ^~  And  of  the 
b  Est.  1. 13.         children  of  Issachar,  Hvhich  were  men  that  had  understanding  of  the 
times,  to  know  what  Israel  ought  to  do ;  the  heads  of  them  were  two 
hundred  ;  and  all  their  brethren  were  at  their  commandment.  ^^  Of 
^blui'Zf'rlnLd  Zebulun,  such  as  went  forth  to  battle,  texpert  in  war,  with  all  instru- 
inbalaJ.'''''  °     ments  of  war,  fifty  thousand,  which  could  *keep  rank  ;  they  were  tnot 
'i^lW'f/'*"""  of  double  heart.  ^4  And  of  Naphtali  a  thousand  captains,  and   with 
^Heh.witkmta    them  with  shield  and  spear  thirty  and  seven  thousand.  ^^  And  of  the 
hmHandakeart,  j^^^^j^^g  expcrt  iu  War  tweuty  and  eight  thousand  and  six  hundred. 
^a^lft.**'^"^"'*^''  ^'^And  of  Asher,  such  as  went  forth  to  battle,  texpert  in  war,  forty 
thousand.  =^^And  on  the  other  side  of  Jordan,  of  the  Reubenites,  and 
the  Gadites,  and  of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  with  all  manner  of 
instruments  of  war  for  the  battle,  an  hundred  and  twenty  thousand. 
38  All  these  men  of  war,  that  could  keep  rank,  came  with  a  perfect 
heart  to  Hebron,  to  make  David  king  over  all  Israel ;  and  all  the  rest 
also  of  Israel  were  of  one  heart  to  make  David  king.  ^^  And  there  they 
were  with  David  three  days,  eating  and  drinking ;  for  their  brethren 
had  prepared  for  them.  ^^  Moreover  they  that  were  nigh  them,  even 
unto  Issachar  and  Zebulun  and  Naphtali,  brought  bread  on  asses,  and 
*  Or,  victual  of     qw  camcls,  and  on  mules,  and  on  oxen,  and  *meat,meal,  cakes  of  figs, 
"""^'  and  bunches  of  raisins,  and  wine,  and  oil,  and  oxen,  and  sheep  abun- 

dantly ;  for  there  was  joy  in  Israel, 

s  These  be  the  names  of  the  mighty  men  whom  David  had.2SA^^xxiii. 
^yliTradZt  +The  Tachmonite  that  sat  in  the  seat,  chief  among  the  cap- 
ur,iteadoftkc     ^^ins  ;  thc  same  was  Adino  the  Eznite  :  he  lifted  up  his  spear  against 
j'Heb.  slain.        eight  hundrcd,  twhom  he  slew  at  one  time.  ^  And  after  him  was  Eleazar 
the  son  of  Dodo  the  Ahohite,  one  of  the  three  mighty  men  with  David, 
when  they  defied  the  Philistines  that  were  there  gathered  together  to 
battle,  and  the  men  of  Israel  were  gone  away.  ^^  He  arose,  and  smote 
the  Philistines  until  his  hand  was  weary,  and  his  hand  clave  unto  the 
sword  :  and  the  Lord  wrought  a  great  victory  that  day  ;  and  the  peo- 
ple returned  after  him  only  to  spoil.  ^^  And  after  him  was  Shammah 
the  son  of  Agee  the  Hararite.    And  the  Philistines  were  gathered  to- 
gether *into  a  troop,  where  was  a  piece  of  ground  full  of  lentils ;  and 
the  people  fled  from  the  Philistines.  ^-  But  he  stood  in  the  midst  of  the 
ground,  and  defended  it,  and  slew  the  Philistines ;  and  the  Lord  wrought 
a  great  victory. 


Or,  for  for- 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID  TAKES  ZION. 


447 


*  Or,  Shammab. 
t  Or,  Haroditc. 
X  Or,  Paltile. 

*  Or,  Mebunnai. 
I  Or,  Zalmoii. 

X  Or,  Htkb. 

*  Or,  Hiddal. 

t  Or,  Abi-albon. 

J  Or,  Jashen. 

*  Or,  Sharar. 

t  Or,  Eliphelet. 
X  Or,  Aliasbai. 

*  Or,  Hezrai. 

f  Or,  Paarai  the 
Arbde. 


B  Jo3.  15.  63.  Ju. 
1.8.  &  19.  11, 
12. 


/  1  Ki.  -2.  10.  & 
8.  1. 

a  See  the  paral- 
lel passage 
1  Cli.  Ki.  6, 
where  this  is  in 
the  Hehrew. — 
Ed. 

J  Or,  Becaiise 
they  hadsaid^cven 
the  blind  and  the 
lame,  "  He  shall 
not  come  inio 
the  hiiuse." 

*  Heh.zoent  going 
and  irriiwtHj-. 


20  And  Abishai  the  brother  of  Joab,  he  was  chief  of  the  three  ;lCHRON.xi. 
for  hfting  up  his  spear  against  three  hundred,  he  slew  them,  >  "«"  • 
and  had°a  name  among  the  three.  -^  Of  the  three,  he  was  more  hon- 
orable than  the  two  ;  for  he  was  their  captain  :  howbeit  he  attained 
not  to  the  first  three.  ^^  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada,  the  son  of  a  val- 
iant man  of  Kabzeel,  twho  had  done  many  acts  ;  he  slew  two  lionlike 
men  of  Moab  :  also  he  went  down  and  slew  a  lion  in  a  pit  in  a  snowy 
day.  2^  And  he  slew  an  Egyptian,  la  man  of  great  stature,  five  cubits 
high ;  and  in  the  Egyptian's  hand  was  a  spear  like  a  weaver's  beam  ; 
an'd  he  went  down  to  him  with  a  stafiT,  and  plucked  the  spear  out  of 
the  Egyptian's  hand,  and  slew  him  with  his  own  spear.  ~^  These  things 
did  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada,  and  had  the  name  among  the  three 
mighties.  -^  Behold !  he  was  honorable  among  the  thirty,  but  attained 
not  to  the  first  three :  and  David  set  him  over  his  guard. 

"*^  Also  the  valiant  men  of  the  armies  were,  Asahel  the  brother  of 
Joab,  Elhanan  the  son  of  Dodo  of  Beth-lehem, -' *Shaminoth  the  tHa- 
rorite,  Helez  the  tPelonite,  ^^  Ira  the  son  of  Ikkesh  the  Tekoite,  Abi-ezer 
the  Antothite,2'-'*Sibbecai  the  Hushathite,  tilai  the  Ahohite,  ^o  Maharai 
the  Netophathite,  tHeled  the  son  of  Baanah  the  Netophathite,  ^i  Ithai 
the  son  of  Ribai  of  Gibeah,  that  pertained  to  the  children  of  Benjamin, 
Benaiah  the  Pirathonite,  ^~  *Hurai  of  the  brooks  of  Gaash,  tAbiel 
the  Arbathite,  ^^  Azmaveth  the  Baharumite,  Eliahba  the  Shaalbonite, 
34  the  sons  of  tHashem  the  Gizonite,  Jonathan  the  son  of  Shage  the 
Hararite,  ^^  Ahiam  the  son  of  *Sacar  the  Hararite,  tEliphal  the  son  of 
iUr,  3*^  Hepher  the  Mecherathite,  Ahijah  the  Pelonite,  ^^  *Hezro  the 
Carmelite,  tNaarai  the  son  of  Ezbai,  ^^  Joel  the  brother  of  Nathan, 
Mibhar  Uhe  son  of  Haggeri,  ^^  Zelek  the  Ammonite,  Naharai,  the 
Berothite,  the  armorbearer  of  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah,  "^^  Ira  the  Ithrite, 
Gareb  the  Ithrite,  '^^Uriah  the  Hittite,  Zabad  the  son  of  Ahlai,  ^^  Adina 
the  son  of  Shiza  the  Reubenite,  a  captain  of  the  Reubenites,  and  thirty 
with  him,  '^^Hanan  the  son  of  Maachah,  and  Joshaphat  the  Mithnite, 
^''Uzzia  the  Ashterathite,  Shama  and  Jehiel  the  sons  of  Hothan  the 
Aroerite,  ^Uediael  the  *son  of  Shimri,  and  Joha  his  brother,  the 
Tizite,  ""5  Eliel  the  Mahavite,  and  Jeribai,  and  Joshaviah,  the  sons  of 
Elnaam,  and  Ithmah  the  Moabite,  '^^  Eliel,  and  Obed,  and  Jasiel  the 
Mesobaite. 

'1  David  was  thirty  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  'and     2  Sa^m.  v. 
he  reigned  forty  years  :  ^  in  Hebron  he  reigned  over  Judah, 
"seven  years  and  six  months  ;   and  in  Jerusalem  he  reigned  thirty  and 
three  years  over  all  Israel  and  Judah. 

6  And  the  king  and  his  men  went  to  Jerusalem  unto  'the  Jebusites, 
the  inhabitants  of  the  land  :  which  spake  unto  David,  saying, "  Except 
thou  takeaway  the  blind  and  the  lame,  thou  shalt  not  come  in  hither:" 
tthinking,  David  cannot  come  in  hither.  "  Nevertlieless  David  took  the 
stronghold  of  Zion :  -^the  same  is  the  city  of  David.  ^  And  David  said 
on  that  day,  '^  Whosoever  getteth  up  to  the  gutter,  and  smiteth  the 
Jebusites,  and  the  lame  and  the  blind,  that  are  hated  of  David's  soul, 
=•7(6  shall  be  chief  and  captain."  I  Wherefore  they  said,  "  The  blind  and 
the  lame  shall  not  come  into  the  house."  ^  So  David  dwelt  in  the  fort, 
and  called  it  the  city  of  David.  And  David  built  round  about  from 
Millo  and  inward.  ^^  And  David  *went  on,  and  grew  great,  and  the 
Lord  God  of  hosts  was  with  him. 


1  Chron.  xi.  1-14.— 1  Then  all  Israel  gathered  themselves  to  David  unto  Hebron, 
t  Heb.  both  yesicr-         i^o-, "  Behold  !  we  are  thy  bone  and  thy  flesh.  ^  And  moreover  tin  time  past,  even  when 

da'y.  Saul  was  king,  thou  wast  he  that  leddest  out  and  broughtest  in  Israel  :  and  the  L,ord  thy 

X  OT,rule.  P3.78.   God  said  unto  thee,  '  Thou  shall  ifeed  my  people  Israel,  and  thou  shalt  be  ruler  over  my 

^^-  people  Israel.'  "  ^  Therefore  came  all  the  elders  of  Israel  to  the  king  to  Hebron  ;  and  David 


448 


INVASION  OF  THE  PHILISTINES. 


[Period  IV. 


*  Heb.  by  the  hand 
of.  1  Sa.  IG.  1, 
12,  13. 


t  Heb.  head. 

1  That  is,  Zion, 
2  Sa.  5. 7. 

*  Heb.  revived. 
f  Hfib.  went  in 

going  and  in- 
creasing. 
%  Or,  held  strong 
hj  witli  him. 

*  Or,  son  of 
Hachmoni. 


J  Or,  stood. 
*  Or,  salvation. 


f  Heb.  slain. 


X  Heb.  ffrcat  of 
acts. 


t  Heb.  a  man  of 
countenanc,  or, 
sitrht !  called, 
ICli.  11.2:3.  a 
man  of  great 
stature. 

X  Or,  honorable 
among  the  thirty. 

*  Or,  council. 
Heb.  at  his  com- 
mand. 1  Sa.  22. 
14. 

t  Or,  valleys.  De. 
1.24. 


SECT.  iir. 

A.  M.  2957. 
B.  C.  1047. 
Hales,  1061. 

Valley  of  Re- 
pbaim. 


*  Heb.  hewers  of 
the  stone  of  the 
wall. 


t  Or,  Shimea, 

1  Ch.  3.  5. 
t  Or,  Elishama, 

1  Ch.  3.  C. 
»  Or,  Bcliada, 

1  Ch.  14.  7. 
d  1  Ch.  11.  16. 


made  a  covenant  with  them  in  Hebron  before  the  Lord  ;  and  they  anointed  David  king 
over  Israel,  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord  *by  Samuel. 

*  And  David  and  al)  Israel  went  to  Jerusalem,  which  is  Jehus  ;  where  the  Jebusites 
were,  the  inhabitants  of  the  land.  *  And  the  inhabitants  of  Jebus  said  to  David,  "  Thou 
shalt  not  come  hither."  Nevertheless  David  took  the  castle  of  Zion,  which  is  the  city 
of  David.  ^  And  David  said,  "  Whosoever  smitetli  the  Jebusites  first  shall  be  tchief  and 
captain."  So  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah  went  first  up,  and  was  chief.  '''  And  David  dwelt  in 
the  castle  ;  therefore  they  called  tit  the  city  of  David.  >*  And  he  built  the  city  round  about, 
even  from  Millo  round  about;  and  Joab  "repaired  the  rest  of  the  city.  ^So  David  t waxed 
greater  and  greater;  for  the  Lord  of  hosts  was  witii  him. 

'"These  also  are  the  chief  of  the  mighty  men  whom  David  had,  who  Istrengthened 
themselves  with  him  in  his  kingdom,  and  with  all  Israel,  to  make  him  king,  according 
to  the  word  of  the  Lord  concerning  Israel.  "  And  this  is  the  number  of  the  mighty  men 
whom  David  had;  Jashobeam,  *a  Hachmonite,  the  chief  of  the  captains:  he  lifted  up  his 
spear  against  three  hundred  slain  by  him  at  one  time.  '-  And  after  him  was  Eleazar  the 
son  of  Dodo,  the  Ahohite,  who  was  one  of  the  three  miglities.  "He  was  with  David  at 
tPas-dammim,  and  there  the  Philistines  were  gathered  together  to  battle,  where  was  a 
parcel  of  ground  full  of  barley;  and  the  people  fled  from  before  the  Philistines.  '^  And 
they  tset  themselves  in  the  midst  of  that  parcel,  and  delivered  it,  and  slew  the  Philistines; 
and  the  Lord  saved  them  by  a  great  *deliverance. 

2  Samuel  xxiii.  18,  to  the  end. — '^  And  Abishai,the  brother  of  Joab,  the  son  of  Zeruiah, 
was  chief  among  three.  And  he  lifted  up  his  spear  against  three  hundred,  tand  slew  them, 
and  had  the  name  among  three.  '^Was  he  not  most  honorable  of  three.''  therefore  he  was 
their  captain  :  howbeit  he  attained  not  unto  the  first  three.  ^°And  Benaiah  the  son  of 
Jehoiada,  the  son  of  a  valiant  man  of  Kabzeel,  }who  had  done  many  acts,  he  slew  two 
*lionlike  men  of  Moab :  he  went  down  also  and  slew  a  lion  in  the  midst  of  a  pit  in  time 
of  snow.  ^'  And  he  slew  an  Egyptian,  ta  goodly  man  :  and  the  Egyptian  had  a  spear  in 
his  hand  ;  but  he  went  down  to  him  with  a  staff,  and  plucked  the  spear  out  of  the  Egyp- 
tian's hand,  and  slew  him  with  his  own  spear.  ^^  These  things  did  Benaiah  the  son  of 
Jehoiada,  and  had  the  name  among  three  mighty  men.  ^  He  was  tmore  honorable  than 
the  thirty,  but  he  attained  not  to  the  first  three.  And  David  set  him  over  his  *guard. 
**  Asahel  the  brother  of  Joab  was  one  of  the  thirty ;  Elhanan  the  son  of  Dodo  of  Beth- 
lehem, ^^Shammah  the  Harodite,  Elika  the  Harodite,  -''Helez  the  Paltite,  Ira  tlie  son  of 
Ikkesh  the  Tekoite,  ^7  Abiezer  the  Anethothite,  Mebunnai  the  Hushathite,  ^s  Zalmon  the 
Ahohite,  Maharai  the  Netophathite,  ^'^  Heleb  the  son  of  Baanah,  a  Netophathite,  Ittai  the 
son  of  Ribai  out  of  Gibeah  of  the  children  of  Benjamin,  -'"Benaiah  the  Pirathonite,  Hiddai 
of  the  tbrooks  of  Gaash,  ^'  Abi-albon  the  Arbathite,  Azmaveth  the  Barhumite,  ^^  Eliahba 
the  Shaalbonite,  of  the  sons  of  Jashen,  Jonathan,  ^^  Shammah  the  Hararite,  Ahiam  the 
son  of  Sharar  the  Hararite,  ^■'Eliphelet  the  son  of  Ahasbai,  the  son  of  the  Maachathite, 
Eliam  the  son  of  Ahithophel  the  Gilonite,  ■'^  Hezrai  the  Carmelite,  Paarai  the  Arbite,  ^^  Igal 
the  son  of  Nathan  of  Zobali,  Bani  the  Gadite,  '■'''  Zelek  the  Ammonite,  Naharai  the  Bee- 
rothite,  armorbearer  to  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah,  ■"*  Ira  an  Ithrite,  Gareb  an  Ithrite,  ^^  Uriah 
the  Hittite  :  thirty  and  seven  in  all. 

Section    III. — Hiram  congrahdates  David; — Invasion  of  the  Philistines  ; 

—  They  are  defeated. 

2  Samuel  v.  11,  to  the  end. — 1  Chron.  xiv.  17,  and  1-16. 

Hiram  sendeth  to  David.     Eleven  sons  are  bom  to  him  in  Jerusalem.     David,  directed  by  God, 
smiteth  the  Philistines  at  Baal-perazim,  and  again  at  the  mulberry  trees. 

^^  And  "Hiram  king  of  Tyre  sent  messengers  to  David,  and  cedar 
trees,  and  carpenters,  and  *masons:  and  they  built  David  a  liouse. 
^-  And  David  perceived  that  the  Lord  had  estabhshed  him  king  over 
Israel,  and  that  he  had  exalted  his  kingdom  for  his  people  Israel's  sake. 

^■'  And  'David  took  him  more  concubines  and  wives  out  of  Jerusa- 
lem, after  he  was  come  from  Hebron  ;  and  there  were  yet  sons  and 
daughters  born  to  David.*"'  !•*  And  'these  be  the  names  of  those  that 
were  born  unto  him  in  Jerusalem  ;  tShammuah,  and  Shobab,  and 
Nathan,  and  Solomon.  ^^  Ibhar  also,  and  tElishua,  and  Nepheg,  and 
Japhia,  ^^  and  Elishama,  and  *Eliada,  and  Eliphalet. 

^■^  But  ''when  the  Philistines  heard  that  they  liad  anointed  David  king 
over  Israel,  all  the   Philistines  came  up  to   seek  David  ;  and  David 


C**)  The  increase  of  David's  family  is  here  men-  enumerated.     The  invasion  of  the  Philistines  took 

tioncd  by    anticipation.    The  narrative,  however,  place  immediately  on  the  dispersion  of  the  several 

must  be  preserved  in  its  present  order,  as  it  is  not  tribes  to  their  own  homes,  afler  their  meeting  at 

possible  to  ascertain  the  birth  of  the  various  sons  Hebron. 


Part  VII.]  REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  FROM  KIRJATH-JEARIM.        449 

heard  of  it,  and  went  down  to  the  hold.  ^^  The  Philistines  also  came 

/fs^'^as'  ^"*^  spread  themselves  in  'the  valley   of  Rephaim.  ^'^  And  David  ^in- 

&3i!8.'  '  '  quired  of  the  Lord,  saying,  "Shall  I  go  up  to  the  Phihstines  ?  wilt 
thou  deliver  them  into  my  hand?"  And  the  Lord  said  unto  David, 
"  Go  up :  for  I  will  doubtless  dehver  the  Philistines  into  thy  hand." 
-"  And  David  came  to  Baal-perazim,  and  David  smote  them  there,  and 
said,  "  The  Lord  hath  broken  forth  upon  mine  enemies  before  me,  as 
the  breach  of  waters."   Therefore  he  called  the  name  of  that  place 

^i^^Tofb^^hes.  tBaal-perazim.  ^^  And  there  they  left  their  images,  and  David  and  his 

t  Or,  took  them     men  Jburned  them. 

away.  De.  7.  o,  22  ^^^j  ^jjg  Philistiues  camo  up  yet  again,  and  spread  themselves  in 
the  valley  of  Rephaim.  ^^  And  when  David  inquired  of  the  Lord,  he 
said,  "  Thou  shalt  not  go  up ;  but  fetch  a  compass  behind  them,  and 
come  upon  them  over  against  the  mulberry  trees.  ^^  And  let  it  be,  when 

g-so2Ki.7. 6.     ti^Qu  ^hearest  the  sound  of  a  going  in  the  tops  of  the  mulberry  trees, 

AJu.4.14.  that  then  thou  shalt  bestir  tli'yself ;  for  then  "shall  the  Lord  go  out 

before  thee,  to  smite  the  host  of  the  Philistines."  ^^  And  David  did  so, 
as   the  Lord  had  commanded  him ;  and  smote  the  Philistines  from 

^ofbtn.'^'^'^'      'Geba  until  thou  come  to  Gazer. 

j Jos. 6. 27. 2 cb.       ^^  And  ^ the   fame  of  David  went  out  into  all  lands;  l  Chron.  xiv.  17. 

it  De.  2. 25.  &  11.  ^"d  the  Lord  ^brought  the  fear  of  him  upon  all  nations. 


1  Chron.  xiv.  1-16. — '  Now  Hiram  liing  of  Tyre  sent  messengers  to  David,  and  tim- 
ber of  cedars,  with  masons  and  carpenters,  to  build  him  a  house.  ^  And  David  perceived 
that  the  Lord  had  confirmed  him  king  over  Israel,  for  his  kingdom  was  lifted  up  on  high, 
because  of  his  people  Israel. 
*  Heb.  yet.  3  ^^j^j  David  took  *more  wives  at  Jerusalem  :  and  David  begat  more  sons  and  daughters. 

1 1  Ch.  3.  5.  4]\jQ^y  'these  are  the  names  of  his  children  which  he  had  in  Jerusalem  ;  Shammua,  and 

Shobab,  Nathan,  and  Solomon, '^  and  Ibhar,  and  Elishua,  and   Elpalet,  ^  and  Nogah,  and 
t  Or,  Eliada.  Nepheg,  and  Japliia,  '^  and  Elishama,  and  tBeeliada,  and  Eliphalet. 

®  And  when  the  Philistines  heard  that  David  was  anointed  king  over  all  Israel,  all  the 
Philistines  went  up  to  seek  David.  And  David  heard  of  it,  and  went  out  against  them. 
^  And  the  Philistines  came  and  spread  themselves  in  the  valley  of  Rephaim.  '"  And  David 
inquired  of  God,  saying,  '•'  Shall  I  go  up  against  tlie  Philistines .'  and  wilt  thou  deliver 
them  into  my  hand  ?  "  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Go  up  ;  for  I  will  deliver  them 
into  tliy  hand."  "  So  they  came  up  to  Baal-perazim  ;  and  David  smote  them  there.  Then 
David  said,  "  God  hath  broken  in  upon  mine  enemies  by  my  hand  like  the  breaking  forth 
X  That  is,  .^  place  of  waters:"  therefore  they  called  the  name  of  that  place  tBaal-perazim.  '-And  when 
they  had  left  their  gods  there,  David  gave  a  commandment,  and  they  were  burned  with  fire. 
'3 And  the  Philistines  yet  again  spread  themselves  abroad  in  the  valley.  '■'Therefore 
David  inquired  again  of  God  ;  and  God  said  unto  him,  "  Go  not  up  after  them ;  turn 
;2  Sa.  5.  25,  away  from  them,  and  come  upon  them  over  against  the  mulberry  trees.  '"And  it  shall  be, 
"  '  when  thou  shalt  hear  a  sound  of  going  in  the  tops  of  the  mulberry  trees,  that  then  thou 

shalt  go  out  to  battle  :  for  God  is  gone  forth  before  thee  to  smite  the  host  of  the  Philis- 
tines." '«  David  therefore  did  as  God  commanded  him  ;  and  they  smote  the  host  of  the 
Philistines  from  '"Gibeon  even  to  Gazer. 


of  breaches. 


Oeba. 


SECT.  IV. 


A.  M.   2959. 

B.  C.  1045. 

Hales,  1060. 

Kirjath-jearim. 


Section  IV. —  The  Ark  brought  from  Kirjath-jeariin  to  the  House  of  Ohed- 
edom; — Uzzah  is  smitten. 

2  Samuel  vi.  1-1 L — Psalm  Ixviii. — 1  Chron.  xiii.  5,  to  the  end. 
Or,  Baalah, 

L^arim.'  fS'is'        ^  Again,  David  gathered  together  all  the  chosen  men  of  Israel,  thirty 
thousand.  ~  And  David  arose,  and  went  with  all  the  people  that  werie 


jearim,  Jos.  15 
9  "" 
t  Or,  at  which  the 


name,  even  the  with  him  froiTi  *Baale  of  Judah,  to  bring  up  from  thence  the  ark  of 

ToRDofhosts,  ^"^'  tvvhose  name  is  called  by  the  name  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  "that 

was  called  upon,  dwcllcth  bctweeu  the  cherubim.  ^  And  they  tset  the  ark  of  God  'upon 

tHeb.rnadeto  ^  "Gw  cart,  and  brought  it  out  of  the  house  of  Abinadab  that  was  in 

bsee  Nu  7  9  *G^ibeah ;  and  Uzzah  and  Ahio,  the  sons  of  Abinadab,  drave  the  new 

Tsa.  6. 7.  ■  ■  cart.  '^  And  they  brought  it  out  of  'the  house  of  Abinadab  which  was 

*  Or,  the  hill 
e  1  Sa.  7.  1 


at  Gibeah,  iaccompanying  the  ark  of  God;  and  Ahio  went  before 
tHeb'wVft.         ihe  ark.  ^And  David  and  all  the  house  of  Israel  played  before  the 
VOL.  I.  57  2l* 


450 


d  1  Ch.  13.  9,  he 
is  called,  CAidi/n. 

e  See  Nu.  4.  15. 

X  Or,  stumbled. 

fl  Sa.  6.  19. 

*  Or,  rashness. 

t  Heb.  broken. 

X  That  is,  The 
breach  of  Uzzah. 

gVi.  J 19.  liO. 
See  Lu.  5.  8,  9. 


REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  FROM  laRJATH-JEARDI.        [Period  IV. 

Lord  on  all  manner  of  instruments  made  of  fir  wood,  even  on  harps, 
and  on  psalteries,  and  on  timbrels,  and  on  cornets,  and  on  cymbals. 

^  And  when  tiiey  came  to  ''Nachon's  threshingfloor,  Uzzah  'put  forth 
his  hand  to  the  ark  of  God,  and  took  hold  of  it  ;  for  the  oxen  Jshook 
it.  '  And  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against  Uzzah  ;  and  -^God 
smote  him  there  for  his  *error ;  and  there  he  died  by  the  ark  of  God. 
*  And  David  was  displeased,  because  the  Lord  had  tmade  a  breach  upon 
Uzzah  :  and  he  called  the  name  of  the  place  tPerez-uzzah  to  this  day. 
^  And  'David  was  afraid  of  the  Lord  that  day,  and  said,  "  How  shall 
the  ark  of  the  Lord  come  to  me  !  "  ^^  So  David  would  not  remove  the 
ark  of  the  Lord  unto  him  into  the  city  of  David  ;  but  David  carried 
it  aside  into  the  house  of  Obed-edom  theGittite.  ^^  And  the  ark  of  the 
Lord  continued  in  the  house  of  Obed-edom  the  Gittite  three  months ; 
and  the  Lord  ''blessed  Obed-edom,  and  all  his  household. 


PS.  Lxvin. 


a  Nu.  10.  35.  Is. 

33.  3. 
*  Heb.  from  his 

face. 
b  Is.  9.  18.  Ho. 

13.  3. 
c  Ps.  97.  5.  Alic. 

I.  4. 
d  Ps.  32.  11. 


t  Heb.  rejoice 
with  gladness. 
e  Ps.  66.  4. 
/De.33.  26. 
g  Ex.  6.  3. 

k  Ps.  10.  14,  18. 


i  1  Sa.  2.  5.  Ps. 
113.  9. 
X  Heb.  in  a  house. 
j  Ps.  107.  10,  14. 


Ac. 


&.C. 


k  Ps.  107.  34,  40. 
I  Ex.  13.  21.  Ju. 

4.  14.  Hab.3. 13. 
m  Ex.  19.  16,  18. 

Ju.  5.  4.  Is.  64. 

1,3. 


nDe.  11.  11,  12. 
£z.  31.  £6. 
*  Heb.  shake  out. 
t  Heb.  confirm  it. 


X  Heb.  army. 
p  Nu.  31.  8,  9, 

54.  Jos.  10.  16. 
♦  Heb.  did  flee, 

did  flee. 
q  Ps.  81.  6. 
r  Ps.  105.  37. 
s  Nu.  21.  3.  Jos. 

10.  10. 
t  Or,  for  her,  she 


PSALM   LXVIII. 

Written  on  the  first  Removal  of  the  ArTc.'-^^'' 

A  prayer  at  the  removing  of  the  ark.    4  An  exhortation  to  praise  God  for  his  mercies,  1  for  his  care 

of  the  Church,  19  for  his  great  icorks. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  or  Song  of  David. 

^  Let  "God  arise,  let  his  enemies  be  scattered : 
Let  them  also  that  hate  him  flee  *before  him. 
^  As  'smoke  is  driven  away,  so  drive  them  away  : 
As  "wax  melteth  before  the  fire. 
So  let  the  wicked  perish  at  the  presence  of  God. 
^  But  ''let  the  righteous  be  glad  ; 
Let  them  rejoice  before  God  : 
Yea,  let  them  texceedingly  rejoice. 

■*  Sing  'unto  God,  sing  praises  to  his  name  : 
Extol  ■'^him  that  rideth  upon  the  heavens  ^by  his  name  Jah, 
And  rejoice  before  him. 
^  A  ''father  of  the  fatherless,  and  a  judge  of  the  widows, 

Is  God  in  his  holy  habitation. 
^  God  'setteth  the  solitary  tin  families  ; 
He  -'bringeth  out  those  which  are  bound  with  chains  : 
But  *the  rebellious  dwell  in  a  dry  land. 

^  O  God !   'when  thou  wentest  forth  before  thy  people, 
When  thou  didst  march  through  the  wilderness ;  Selah  ! 
^  The  "'earth  shook. 
The  heavens  also  dropped  at  the  presence  of  God  : 
Even  Sinai  itself  was  moved  at  the  presence  of  God, 
The  God  of  Israel. 
9  Thou,  "O  God  !  didst  *send  a  plentiful  rain, 

Whereby  thou  didst  ^confirm  tliine  inheritance  when  it  was  weary. 
^°  Thy  congregation  hath  dwelt  therein  : 

Thou,  °0  God  !  hast  ])repared  of  thy  goodness  for  the  poor. 
^^  The  Lord  gave  the  word : 

Great  was  the  tcompany  of  those  that  published  it. 
^^  Kings  ^of  armies  *did  flee  apace  ; 

And  she  that  tarried  at  home  divided  the  spoil. 
^^  Though  'ye  have  lien  among  the  pots. 

Yet  'shall  ye  be  as  the  wings  of  a  dove  covered  with  silver, 
And  her  feathers  with  yellow  gold. 
'^  When  'the  Almighty  scattered  kings  tin  it, 


{*^)  This  Fsalni  was  composed  on  the  occasion  quoted   as  prophetic  by  St.   Paul,  Eph.   \v.  8.     As 

of  the  removal  of  the  arii.     It  commenced  with  the  the   ark   ascended   into  Jerusalem,  the  city  of  the 

words  which  were  constantly  used   when   the  ark  greatking,  so  was  Christ  to  ascend  into  the  heavenly 

was  removed  in  the  wilderness,  (Numb.  x.  35.)  It  is  Jerusalem.     Lowth  ;  Lightfoot. 


Part  VII.]  REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  FROM  KIRJATH-JEARIM.        451 

It  was  white  as  snow  in  Salmon. 
15  The  hill  of  God  is  as  the  hill  of  Bashan  ; 
A  high  hill,  as  the  hill  of  Bashan. 
e Pa.  114.4,6.      16  Why^'leap  ye,  ye  high  hills? 
a  De.  12. 5, 11.         rpj^^g  "jg  ^j^g  i^[\\  which  God  dcsireth  to  dwell  in  ; 
li'^iV'  '■"         Yea,  the  Lord  will  dwell  in  it  for  ever.  ^  j     r 

"fi^ffi'^T  Vt'  ''  The  ^chariots  of  God  are  twenty  thousand,  (teven  thousands  ot 

%!f.-f.  02.  •       The  Lord  is  among  them,  as  in  Sinai,  in  the  holy  place,    [angels :) 

X  Or,  even  many     i8  ^hoU   "haSt  aSCOuded   OH    high, 

'^IcTt'E  h        Thou  'hast  led  captivity  captive  : 
'4.8.'  '  '   ^  '        Thou  ^hast  received  gifts  *for  men  ; 
""  A^'Vfas  Yea,  for  'the  rebellious  also, 

'       ■  'ike'  That  -^the  Lord  God  might  dwell  among  them. 

"  Blessed  be  the  Lord,  who  daily  loadeth  us  with  benehts, 
Even  the  God  of  our  salvation.  Selah  ! 

20  He  that  is  our  God  is  the  God  of  salvation ; 
De.  32. 39.  Pr.        ^^(j  hyuto  God  the  LoRD  bcloug  the  issues  from  death. 

21  But  'God  shall  wound  the  head  of  his  enemies. 
And  "the  hairy  scalp  of  such  aone  as  goeth  on  still  m  his  trespasses. 

22  The  Lord  said,  "  I  will  bring  again  from  Bashan, 

« Ex-.  14. 22.  I  will  bring  my  people  again  'from  the  depths  of  the  sea ; 

/ps.  58. 10.        23  That  ^thy  foot  may  be  tdipped  in  the  blood  of  thine  enemies, 
i?Kl.ti.  19.  And  nhe  tongue  of  thy  dogs  in  the  same." 

2*  They  have  seen  thy  goings,  O  God  ! 
Even  the  goings  of  my  God,  my  King,  in  the  sanctuary. 
ft  1  Oh.  13.8.  Ps.  25  The  ''singers  went  before, 
^'''  ^'  The  players  on  instruments  followed  after  5 

Among  them  were  the  damsels  playing  with  timbrels. 
26  Bless  ye  God  in  the  congregations, 
XOT,yetiuuare        Evcu  the  Lord,  tfrom  the  fountain  of  Israel! 


*Heb 
man. 
I  1  Ti.  1.  13 
a  Ps.  78.  60. 


.  23.  Ro.  1.  18. 
c  Ps.  au.  6.  Hab 
3.  13. 
d  Ps.  55.  23. 


it/Z.ls.''-^  27  There  is  'little  Benjamin  with  their  ruler, 
a  sa'9ti.'"  The  princes  of  Judah  *and  their  council, 

*  Or,  with  their 
company 


The  princes  of  Zebulun,  and  the  princes  of  Naphtah. 
.,  p   ,,  o  28  Thy  God  hath  ^commanded  thy  strength  : 

J  so  PB.  42. 8.  gtrengthen,  O  God  !  that  which  thou  hast  wrought  for  us. 

29  Because  of  thy  temple  at  Jerusalem 
ft  1  Ki.  10. 10, 24,       giiall  ''kings  bring  presents  unto  thee. 
Ps'.72^i6.^iB.^'"3o  j^ebuke  tthe  company  of  spearmen, 

iV'tk!lea.tsof       The  'multitude  of  the  bulls,  with  the  calves  of  the  people, 
the  reeds,  Je.51.       Till  cvcry  onc  "'submit  himself  with  pieces  ol  silver  . 
jS.1.  12.  t  Scatter  thou  the  people  that  delight  in  war. 

m2  sa.  8. 2, 6.     31  Princes  "shall  come  out  of  Egypt ; 
il:Ti%T'       Ethiopia  "shall  soon  ^stretch  out  her  hands  unto  God. 
oPs.72.9.  is.45.  32  gij-,cr  uuto  God,  yc  kingdoms  of  the  earth  . 

Acts^8.''27.'  ^  ■         O  sing  praises  unto  the  Lord  ;   Selah  1 

p  Ps.  44. 20.        33  To  him  'that  rideth  upon  the  heavens  of  heavens,  which  were  oi  old  ; 
'/Hil!:  Ps.        Lo !  he  doth  *send  out  his  voice,  and  that  a  mighty  voice. 
29. 3,  &c.  34  Ascribe  ''ye  strength  unto  God  ! 

r  Ps.  29. 1.  jj.^  excellency  is  over  Israel, 

t  Or,  heavens.  And  his  Strength  is  in  the  fclouds. 

,  Ps.  45. 4.  35  o  God  !  Hhou  art  terrible  out  of  thy  holy  places  : 

The  God  of  Israel  is  he  that  giveth  strength  and  power  unto  his 
Blessed  be  God  !  [people. 

1  Chrov  xiii  5,  to  the  end.-So  "David  gathered  all  Israel  together,  from  Shihor  of 
E.yptev::  uMo  the  entering  of  He.nath,  to  bring  the  ark  of  God  ^fron.  K..ath,ear^^ 
«  Ind  David  went  up,  and  all  Israel,  to  ^Baalah,  that  is,  to  Kirjath-jeanm,  wh.ch  belonged 
toJudah,tobringupthence  the  arkof  God  the  LoRO,<^thatdwelleth  between  thecherubim, 


al  Sa.  7.  1. 
6  1  Sa.  6.  21.  & 
7.  1. 

c  Jos.  15.  9,  60. 
d  1  Sa.  4  4. 


452 


REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUS.VLEM.        [Period  IV. 


*  Heb.  made  the 
ark  to  ride. 

e  See  Nu.  4.  15. 
t  Heb.  songs. 

X  Called  JVachon, 
2  Sa.  6.  6. 

*  Heb.  shook  it. 
/Nu.  4.  15. 

g  Le.  10.  2. 
t  That  is,  The 
breach  of  Una. 
J  Heb.  removed. 
h  Aa  Ge.  30.  27. 


A.  M.  2960. 
B.  C.  1044. 
HAI.E3,  1060. 

From  the  house  of 
Obfcd-edom  to 
Mount  Zion. 


whose  name  is  called  on  it.  "And  they  'carried  the  ark  of  God  'in  a  new  cart  out  of  the 
house  of  Abinadab  :  and  Uzza  and  Ahio  drave  the  cart.  *  And  David  and  all  Israel  played 
before  God  with  all  their  might,  and  with  tsinging.  and  with  harps,  and  with  psalteries, 
and  with  timbrels,  and  with  cymbals,  and  with  trumpets. 

9  And  when  they  came  unto  the  threshingfloor  of  JChidon,  Uzza  put  forth  his  hand  to 
hold  the  ark  ;  for  the  oxen  *stumbled.  ^^And  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against 
Uzza,  and  he  smote  him, /because  he  put  his  hand  to  the  ark  :  and  there  he  »died  before 
God.  "  And  David  was  displeased,  because  the  Lord  had  made  a  breach  upon  Uzza  : 
wherefore  that  place  is  called  tPerez-uzza  to  this  day.  '^  And  David  was  afraid  of  God  that 
day,  saying,  »  How  shall  I  bring  the  ark  of  God  home  to  me  P  "  '^  So  David  tbrought  not 
the  ark  home  to  himself  to  the  city  of  David,  but  carried  it  aside  into  ''the  house  of  Obed- 
edom  the  Gittite.  *■•  And  the  ark  of  God  remained  with  the  family  of  Obed-edom  in  his 
house  three  months.   And  the  Lord  blessed  the  house  of  Obed-edom,  and  all  that  he  had. 

Section   V. — Second  Removal  of  the  Ark  from  the  House  of  Obed-edom  to 

Mount  Zion ; — David's  Psalms  on  the  occasion. 

1  Chron.  XV.  1-14. — Psalm  cxxxii. — 1  Chron.  xv.  15,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  ivi. — Psalm 

cv.,  xcvi.,  a7id  cvi. — 2  Sam.  vi.  20,  to  the  end,  and  12-19. 

Daind,  having  prepared  a  place  for  the  ark,  ordereth  the  priests  and  Levites  to  brin^  it  from  the  house 
of  Obed-edom.  David,  brinsing  the  ark  into  Zion  with  sacrifices,  danceth  before  it,  for  which 
Micluil  despiseth  him.     17  He  placeth  it  in  a  tabernacle  wilhgreatjoy  and  feasting.  —  1  Chron. 


*  Heb.  It  is  Ttot  to 
carry  the  ark  of 
Ood,  but  for  the 
Levites. 

a  Nu.  4.  2,  15. 
De.  10.  8.  &  31. 
9. 

6  1Ki.  8.  1. 

I  Or,  kinsmen. 


xvi.  I  David's  festival  sacrifice.  4  He  ordereth  a  choir  to  sing  tlianksgiving.  7  Tlie  psalm  of 
thanksgiving.  37  He  appointeth  ministers,  porters, priests,  and  musicians,  to  attend  continually  on 
tlie  ark.  — f  Sam.  vi.  20  Michal,  reproving  David  for  his  religious  Joy,  is  childless  to  her  death. 

1  And  David  made  him  houses  in  the  city  of  David,  and  prepared  a 
place  for  the  ark  of  God,  and  pitched  for  it  a  tent.  -  Then  Da^id  said, 
"  *None  ought  to  carry  the  "ark  of  God  but  the  Levites :  for  them 
hath  the  Lord  chosen  to  carry  the  ark  of  God,  and  to  minister  unto 
him  for  ever."  ^  And  David  'gathered  all  Israel  together  to  Jerusalem, 
to  bring  up  the  ark  of  the  Lord  unto  his  place,  which  he  had  prepared 
for  it.  ^  And  David  assembled  the  children  of  Aaron,  and  the  Levites. 
'"  Of  the  sons  of  Kohath  ;  Uriel  the  chief,  and  his  tbrethren  an  hundred 
and  twenty.  ^  Of  the  sons  of  JNIerari ;  Asaiah  the  chief,  and  his  brethren 
two  hundred  and  twenty.  '  Of  the  sons  of  Gershom  ;  Joel  the  chief, 
and  his  brethren  an  hundred  and  thirty.  ^  Of  the  sons  of  'Elizaphan  ; 
Shemaiah  the  chief,  and  his  brethren  two  hundred.  ^  Of  the  sons  of 
"Hebron  ;  Ehcl  the  chief,  and  his  brethren  fourscore.  ^°  Of  the  sons 
of  Uzziel ;  Amminadab  the  chief,  and  his  brethren  an  hundred  and 
twelve.  ^^  And  David  called  for  Zadok  and  Abiathar  the  priests,  and 
for  the  Levites,  for  Uriel,  Asaiah,  and  Joel,  Shemaiah,  and  Eliel,  and 
Amminadab,  ^-  and  said  unto  them,  '•  Ye  are  the  chief  of  the  fathers 
of  the  Levites :  sanctify  yourselves,  both  ye  and  your  brethren,  that 
ye  may  bring  up  the  ark  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  unto  the  place  that 
I  have  prepared  for  it.  ^^  For  because  ye  did  it  not  at  the  first,  the 
Lord  our  God  made  a  breach  upon  us,  for  that  we  sought  him  not 
after  the  due  order."  ^^  So  the  priests  and  the  Levites  sanctified  them- 
selves to  bring  up  the  ark  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel. 

PSALM  CXXXII.(50) 

Written  on  the  preparation  to  remove  the  Ark  the  second  time. 

Dai-id  in  his  prayer  commendeth  vnto  God  the  religious  care  he  had  for  the  ark.     8  His  prayer  at 

the  remonng  of  the  ark,  1 1  irith  a  repetition  of  God's  promises. 

A  Song  of  Degrees. 

^  Lord,  remember  David, 
And  all  his  aflHictions  : 


(^)  This  Psalm  is  supposed  by  Calmet  to  have 
been  written  as  a  prayer  during  the  Babylonish 
captivity.  Others  are  of  opinion  that  it  was  com- 
posed by  Solomon  at  the  dedication  of  the  temple. 
I  have  inserted  it  here  on  the  authority  of  Lightfoot 
(its  date  being  uncertain),  as  an  appropriate  prayer 
of  David  only.  He  had  once  attempted  to  remove 
the  ark,  and  had  left  it  at  the  house  of  Obed-edom. 
He  now  makes  preparations  to  remove  it  a  second 
time  ;  and  offering  up  a  prayer  for  himself  in  the 


third  person,  he  repeats  his  vow  that  he  would 
bring  the  ark  to  Jerusalem,  and  the  prayer  that  he 
had  made  on  the  first  attempt  to  remove  it  (ver.  8.) ; 
and  he  concludes  by  pleading  the  promises  of  God, 
that  his  posterity  shall  sit  for  ever  on  his  throne, 
and  tliat  from  him  the  Messiah  should  descend  :  he 
considers  the  removal  of  the  ark  as  the  sian  and 
pledge  of  the  certain  accomplishment  of  these 
promises. 


b  Ge.  49.  24. 


d  Acts  7.  • 


g  1  Ch.  13.  5 
h  Ps.  5.  7. 


i  Nu.  10.  35. 
!  Ch.  6.  41,  42. 


Part  VII.]  REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUSALEM.  453 

^  How  he  sware  unto  the  Lord, 
a  Ps.  65. 1.  And  "vowed  unto  Hhe  mighty  God  of  Jacob ; 

3  Surely  I  will  not  come  into  the  tabernacle  of  my  house, 

Nor  go  up  into  my  bed  ; 
^  I  will  'not  give  sleep  to  mine  eyes, 

Or  slumber  to  mine  eyelids, 
5  Until  ''I  find  out  a  place  for  the  Lord, 
*H6h.Habitations.       *j^  habitation  for  the  mighty  God  of  Jacob. 
e  1  sa.  17. 12.        6  Lq  !  we  heard  of  it  'at  Ephratah  : 
/I  Sa.  7. 1.  We  -^found  it  "'in  the  fields  of  the  wood. 

We  will  go  into  his  tabernacles : 
We  ''will  worship  at  his  footstool. 
®  Arise,  'O  Lord,  into  thy  rest ; 
jps^78.6i.'  Thou,  and  ■'the  ark  of  thy  strength  ! 

"""if  ■  ^^'  ^''      ^  Let  thy  priests  *be  clothed  with  righteousness  ; 
And  let  thy  saints  shout  for  joy. 
^"  For  thy  servant  David's  sake 

Turn  not  away  the  face  of  thine  anointed, 
z  P3. 89. 3, 4, 33,  u  rpj^g  'LoRD  hath  swom  in  truth  unto  David  ; 

He  will  not  turn  from  it ; 
"i  Kf^s.y.^'        "  Of  "the  fruit  of  thy  tbody  will  I  set  upon  thy  throne. 
2  Ch.  6. 16.  Lu.  12  jf  ti^y  children  will  keep  my  covenant 
t  Heb.  beuy.  And  my  testimony  that  I  shall  teach  them, 

Their  children  shall  also  sit  upon  thy  throne  for  evermore. 
nP8.48.],2.       13  poj.  »t|^g  LoRD  hath  choscu  Zion  ; 

He  hath  desired  it  for  his  habitation. 
0  Ps.  68. 16.         14  Thjg  «ig  „-,y  j-ggt  for  cvcr  : 

Here  will  I  dwell ;  for  I  have  desired  it. 
*i47.'  iT^'-''  ^''    ^^  I  will  ^abundantly  bless  her  provision  : 
;,2Ch.6. 41.  Ps.       I  will  satisfy  her  poor  with  bread. 

Ho  11. 12.        ^^  I  ^wi^l  ^^^^  clothe  her  priests  with  salvation  ; 
rEz.29.21.  Lu.       And  'her  saints  shall  shout  aloud  for  joy. 

.,«   1''  There  'will  I  make  the  horn  of  David  to  bud : 
I  'have  ordained  a  *lamp  for  mine  anointed. 
1^  His  enemies  will  '1  clothe  with  shame : 
f  Ps.35.26.  But  upon  himself  shall  his  crown  flourish." 

15  And  the  children  of  the  Levites  bare  the  ark  of  God  upon  Ip^^^Z'll 
^F-h  ^■}\'^''-  their  shoulders  with  the  staves  thereon,  ='as  Moses  commanded 


1.  6t 
sSee  IKi.  11.: 

&  15.  4.  2  Ch 

21.7. 
*  Or,  candle. 


15,  to  the  end. 


15.  &  7.  9, 


h  1  Ch.  6.  33. 
i  1  Ch.  6.  39. 
j  1  Ch.  6.  44. 


according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  David  spake  to  the  chief 
of  the  Levites  to  appoint  their  brethren  to  be  the  singers  with  instru- 
ments of  music,  psalteries  and  harps  and  cymbals,  sounding,  by  lifting 
up  the  voice  with  joy.  I'^So  the  Levites  appointed ''Heman  the  son 
of  Joel ;  and  of  his  brethren,  'Asaph  the  son  of  Berechiah  ;  and  of  the 
sons  of  Merari  their  brethren,  ^Ethan  the  son  of  Kushaiah  ;  ^^and  with 
them  their  brethren  of  the  second  degree,  Zechariah,  Ben,  and  Jaaziel, 
and  Shemiramoth,  and  Jehiel,  and  Unni,  Eliab,  and  Benaiah,  and 
Maaseiah,  and  Mattithiah,  and  Elipheleh,  and  Mikneiah,  and  Obed- 
fe  See  P3.88, title,  edom,  and  Jeiel,  the  porters,  i'-' So  the  singers, '^Heman,  Asaph,  and 
Ethan,  were  appointed  to  sound  with  cymbals  of  brass  ;  ^o  and  Zechariah, 
t  ver.  18,  Jaaztw.  and  tAzicl,  and  Shemiramoth,  and  Jehiel,  and  Unni,  and  Eliab,  and 
I  Ps.  46,  title.  Maaseiah,  and  Benaiah,  with  psalteries  'on  Alamoth  ;  ^^  and  Mattithiah, 
X  Or,  on  tu  and  Elipheleh,  and  Mikneiah,  and  Obed-edom,  and  Jeiel,  and  Azaziah, 
pfMitir''"'''  with  harps  ton  the  Sheminith  to  e.xcel.  -And  Chenaniah,  chief  of  the 
*o,,wasforthe  Lcvitcs,  *was  for  tsong:  he  instructed  about  the  song,  because  he  was 
'^Zn^daboui'tke  skilful.  ^^  And  Berechiah  and  Elkanah  were  doorkeepers  for  the  ark. 
r^h^%ingup.  ^' And  Shebaniah,  and  Jehoshaphat,  and  Nethaneel,  and  Amasai,  and 


454  REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUSALEM.      [Period  IV. 

mNu.io.8.PB.  Zechariah,  and  Benaiah,  and  Eliezer,  the  priest,  "did  blow  with  the 
trumpets  before  the  ark  of  God :  and  Obed-edom  and  Jehiah  were  door- 
keepers for  the  ark. 

niKi.8.  ].  25  gQ  "David,  and  the  elders  of  Israel,  and  the  captains  over   thou- 

sands, went  to  bring  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  out  of  the 
house  of  Obed-edom  with  joy.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  God  helped 
the  Levites  that  bare  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  that  they 
offered  seven  bullocks  and  seven  rams.  ~^  And  David  was  clothed  with 
a  robe  of  fine  linen,  and  all  the  Levites  that  bare  the  ark,  and  the  sing- 

i  Or,  carriage,  crs,  and  Chenauiah  the  master  of  the  tsong  with  the  singers  :  David 
also  had  upon  him  an  ephod  of  linen.  ^^  Thus  all  Israel  brought  up  the 
ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  with  shouting,  and  with  sound  of  the 
cornet,  and  with  trumpets,  and  with  cymbals,  making  a  noise  with 
psalteries  and  harps. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  came 
to  the  city  of  David,  that  Michal  the  daughter  of  Saul  looking  out  at  a 
window  saw  king  David  dancing  and  playing :  and  she  despised  him  in 
her  heart. 

1  So  they  brought  the  ark  of  God,  and  set  it  in  the  midst  l  Chron.  xvi. 
of  the  tent  that  David  had  pitched  for  it ;  and  they  offered 
burnt  sacrifices  and  peace  offerings  before  God.  ^  And  when  David  had 
made  an  end  of  offering  the  burnt  offerings  and  the  peace  offerings, 
he  blessed  the  people  in  the  name  of  the  Lord.  ^  And  he  dealt  to  every 
one  of  I^ael,  both  man  and  woman,  to  every  one  a  loaf  of  bread,  and 
a  good  piece  of  flesh,  and  a  flagon  of  wine. 

^  And  he  appointed  certain  of  the  Levites  to  minister  before  the  ark 

<»Pb^38,&70,  of  the  Lord,  and  °to  record,  and  to  thank  and  praise  the  Lord  God  of 
Israel :  ^  Asaph  the  chief,  and  next  to  him  Zechariah,  Jeiel,  and  Shemi- 
ramoth,  and  Jehiel,  and  Mattithiah,  and  Eliab,  and  Benaiah,  and  Obed- 

*  u-'b.  with  in-     edom  :  and  Jeiel  *with  psalteries  and  with  harps  ;  but  Asaph  made  a 
tenes  and  harps,  souud  witli  cymbals  ;  ^  Bcuaiah  also  and  Jahaziel  the  priests  with  trum- 
pets continually  before  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  God. 

p  See  2  sa.  23. 1.  "  Then  on  that  day  David  delivered  ''first  this  psalm  to  thank  the  Lord 
into  the  hand  of  Asaph  and  his  brethren : — 

^  "  Give  thanks  unto  the  Lord,  call  upon  his  name, 
Make  known  his  deeds  among  the  people. 
^  Sing  unto  him,  sing  psalms  unto  him, 

Talk  ye  of  all  his  wondrous  works. 
^°  Glory  ye  in  his  holy  name  : 

Let  the  heart  of  them  rejoice  that  seek  the  Lord. 
1^  Seek  the  Lord  and  his  strength. 

Seek  his  face  continually. 
^2  Remember  his  marvellous  works  that  he  hath  done, 

His  wonders,  and  the  judgments  of  his  mouth  ; 
^2  O  ye  seed  of  Israel  his  servant. 

Ye  children  of  Jacob,  his  chosen  ones  ! 
"^^  He  is  the  Lord  our  God ; 

His  judgments  are  in  all  the  earth. 
^^  Be  ye  mindful  always  of  his  covenant ; 

The  word  which  he  commanded  to  a  thousand  generations  ; 
^3%.^w%^^^'  '^  E^'6"  of 'the  covenant  which  he  made  with  Abraham, 
35. 11. '    '  And  of  his  oath  unto  Isaac  ; 

^''  And  hath  confirmed  the  same  to  Jacob  for  a  law. 

And  to  Israel  for  an  everlasting  covenant, 
^^  Saying,  '  Unto  thee  will  I  give  the  land  of  Canaan, 
t  Hob.  cord.  The  (lot  of  vour  inheritance  ; ' 


title. 


r  Ge.  12.  17.  & 
2U.  3.  Ex.  7.  15- 


Part  VII.]  REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUSALEM.  455 

X  Heb.  men  of      19  When  ve  weve  but  tfew, 

number.  Ge.  34.  •'  ,  •„   ;  + 

30.  Even  a  few,  and  strangers  in  it. 

2*^  And  when  they  went  from  nation  to  nation, 
And  from  one  kingdom  to  another  people ; 
21  He  suffered  no  man  to  do  them  wrong : 
Yea,  he  'reproved  kings  for  their  sakes, 
"  Saying,  '  Touch  not  mine  anointed, 
And  do  my  prophets  no  harm.' 
s  Ps.  96. 1,  &c.  23  a  gjj-,g  ^uuto  the  LoRD,  all  the  earth  ; 

Show  forth  from  day  to  day  his  salvation. 

24  Declare  his  glory  among  the  heathen  ; 
His  marvellous  works  among  all  nations. 

25  For  great  is  the  Lord,  and  greatly  to  be  praised : 
He  also  is  to  be  feared  above  all  gods. 

t  Le.  19. 4.          26  Yov  all  'the  gods  of  tlie  people  are  idols  : 
uSeeGe.  1. 1.  j^uj;  "i\^q  Lord  made  the  heavens. 

27  Glory  and  honor  are  in  his  presence  ; 
Strength  and  gladness  are  in  his  place. 

28  Give  unto  the  Lord,  ye  kindreds  of  the  people, 
Give  unto  the  Lord  glory  and  strength. 

29  Give  unto  the  Lord  the  glory  due  unto  his  name : 
Bring  an  offering,  and  come  before  him  : 
Worship  the  Lord  in  the  beauty  of  holiness. 

30  Fear  before  him,  all  the  earth : 

The  world  also  shall  be  stable,  that  it  be  not  moved. 

31  Let  the  heavens  be  glad,  and  let  the  earth  rejoice : 

And  let  men  say  among  the  nations.  The  Lord  reigneth  I 

32  Let  the  sea  roar,  and  the  fulness  thereof: 
Let  the  fields  rejoice,  and  all  that  is  therein. 

33  Then  shall  the  trees  of  the  wood  sing  out  at  the  presence  of  the  Lord, 
Because  he  cometh  to  judge  the  earth. 

"  ^'-  ]'^l-  \\f  ,   ^"^  O  Vive  thanks  unto  the  Lord  ;  for  he  is  good  ; 

118.  1.  &.  136.  1.  „     °,  .  I  ,1     r 

For  his  mercy  endureth  tor  ever. 
35  And  say  ye,  Save  us,  O  God  of  our  salvation, 
And  gather  us  together. 
And  deliver  us  from  the  heathen. 

That  we  may  give  thanks  to  thy  holy  name,  and  glory  in  thy  praise. 
«,  1  Ki.  8. 15.       36  Blessed  "be  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  for  ever  and  ever  !  " 

xDe.27.15.        ^nd  "^all  the  people  said.  Amen,  and  praised  the  Lord. 

37  So  he  left  there  before  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  Asaph 
and  his  brethren,  to  minister  before  the  ark  continually,  as  every  day's 
work  required,  ^s  And  Obed-edom  with  their  brethren,  threescore  and 
eight ;  Obed-edom  also  the  son  of  Jeduthun  and  Hosah  to  be  porters. 
39  And  Zadok  the  priest,  and  his  brethren  the  priests,  '■'before  the  taber- 
nacle of  the  Lord  ^in  the  high  place  that  was  at  Gibeon,  ^o  to  offer 
burnt  offerings  unto  the  Lord  upon  the  altar  of  the  burnt  ottering 
...  ..^^..^  continually  *morning  and  evening,  and  to  do  according  to  all  that  is 
:"':^',,r'Ex.  written  in  the  Law  of  the  Lord,  which  he  commanded  Israel ;      and 

'  ^^     with  them  Heman  and  Jeduthun,  and  the  rest  that  were  chosen,  who 

..  ^"-       were  expressed  by  name,  to  give  thanks   to   the  Lord,  "because   his 

"•  ■"■    mercy  endureth  for  ever  ;  '^  and  with  them  Heman  and  Jeduthun,  with 

-    -    -       ■          ••    '     1-1-1  — i-e  a  sound,  and  with 


y  1  Ch.  21.  29. 
2  Ch.  1.  3. 
z  1  Ki.  3.  4. 

*  Heb.  in  the 
morning,  ai 
the  evening. 
29.  38.  Nu. 
3. 

o2Ch.  5.  13 
Ezra  3 
33.  11. 


t  Heb.  for  the 
gate. 


trumpets  and  cymbals  for  those  that  should  make  ...  , 

musical  instruments  of  God.  And  the  sons  of  Jeduthun  weretporters. 
«  And  all  the  people  departed  every  man  to  his  house ;  and  David  re- 
turned to  bless  his  house. 


Luke  1.  73.   He. 
6.17. 


456  REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUSALEM.        [Period  IV. 

PSALM   CV.(5i) 

PSALM^CV.  Removal  of  the  Ark. 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God,  and  to  seek  out  Ids  7corks.  7  The  story  of  God's  providence  over 
Abraliam,  16  over  Joseph,  23  over  Jacob  in  Egypt,  26  or?;'  Moses  delivering  the  Israelites,  SI 
over  the  Israelites  brought  out  of  Egypt,  fed  in  the  wilderness,  and  planted  in  Canaan. 

a  Is.  12. 4.  1  O  "give  thanks  unto  the  Lord  ;  call  upon  his  name  ; 

6  Ps.  145. 4, 5, 11.       Make  'known  his  deeds  among  the  people. 

2  Sing  unto  him,  sing  psalms  unto  him  : 
c  Ps.  77. 12.  Talk  "ye  of  all  his  wondrous  works. 

2  Glory  ye  in  his  holy  name  : 

Let  the  heart  of  them  rejoice  that  seek  the  Lord. 
■*  Seek  tlie  Lord,  and  his  strength : 
d  Ps.  27. 8.  Seek  ''his  face  evermore. 

e  Ps.  77. 11.  5  Remember  'his  marvellous  works  that  he  hath  done  ; 

His  wonders,  and  the  judgments  of  his  mouth  ; 
^  O  ye  seed  of  Abraham  his  servant, 
Ye  children  of  Jacob  his  chosen  ! 
■^  He  is  the  Lord  our  God  ; 
/Is.  2G.  9.  jjis  -^judgments  are  in  all  the  earth. 

g  Luke  1. 72.        8  jjg  j^^th  ^remembered  his  covenant  for  ever, 

The  word  which  he  commanded  to  a  thousand  generations, 
ft  See  Ge.  12.2,7.    9  Which  ''covcuant  he  made  with  Abraham, 
And  his  oath  unto  Isaac  ; 
1°  And  confirmed  the  same  unto  Jacob  for  a  law, 
And  to  Israel  for  an  everlasting  covenant ; 
iSeeGe.  12.7.     n  Saying,  "  Unto  Hhee  will  I  give  the  land  of  Canaan, 
*  Heb.  cord.  Thc  *lot  of  your  inheritance  :  " 

j  Ge.  34. 30.  De.  12  When  •' there  were  but  a  few  men  in  number ; 

kHe.  fui. ^'  Yea,  very  few,  'and  strangers  in  it. 

12  When  they  went  from  one  nation  to  another, 
From  one  kingdom  to  another  people ; 
iGe.  35. 5.  14  jj^  'suffered  no  man  to  do  them  wrong : 

wGe.i2.i7.&         Yea,  "he  reproved  kings  for  their  sakes ; 
'  '  *  ^^  Saying,  "  Touch  not  mine  anointed. 

And  do  my  prophets  no  harm." 
n  Ge.  41. 54.        16  Moreovcr  "he  called  for  a  famine  upon  thc  land  : 
"s'^T.  e'zm.  ll:        He  brake  the  whole  "staff  of  bread. 
P  Ge.  45. 5.  17  jjg  Pgent  a  man  before  them,  even  Joseph, 

g  Ge.  37. 28, 36.        ^ho  'was  sold  for  a  servant : 
r^Ge-^sg.  20.  &.  18  Whose  'feet  they  hurt  with  fetters  ; 
uieh.Hissoui         tHe  was  laid  in  iron  ; 

came  into  iron.        yg  ^^^^jj  ^^^   ^j^^^   ^]^^^  j^Jg  ^^,q^^  ^^^^q  . 

aGe.41.25.  rpj^g  %vord  of  tiic  LoRD  tried  him. 

tGe.4i.  14.        20  rpj^^  ,j.jj^g  gpj-,^  j^j^^j  looscd  him  ; 

Even  the  ruler  of  the  people,  and  let  him  go  free. 
uGe.4L4o.        21  jjg  "made  him  lord  of  his  house, 
J  Heb.  po5«M6'io«.       jYnd  ruler  of  all  his  tsubstance  : 

2-  To  bind  his  princes  at  his  pleasure  ; 
And  teach  his  senators  wisdom, 
t,  Ge.  46. 6.                  23  Israel  "also  came  into  Egypt ; 
a,Ps.78. 5L  ^jj^j  Jacob  sojoumcd  "in  the  land  of  Ham. 


(51)  In  1  Chron   xvi.  7,  we  read,  "  On   that  day  Psalm  xcvi.    vide  1  Chron.  xvi.    This  Psalm  was 

David  delivered  forth  this  Psalm,  to  thank  thc  Lord,  composed  on  the  same  occasion,   and  varies  only 

into  the  hands  of  Asaph,  and  his  brethren."    The  from  the  original,  as  corrected  for  thc  temple  ser- 

passatre   which  follows  is  nearly  the   same   as  the  vice.— Vide  Li^htfoot. 

lO'jth    Psalm     The    variations  between  them  are  Psalm  cvi.    On  theinscrtion  of  this,  and  the  two 

supposed  to  have  orio-inated   from  this  cause  :  in  preceding  Psalms.  Lightlbot  observes,  "  These  are 

1  Chron    xvi   we  read  the  Psalm  as  it  was  composed  tiie  Psalms  David  then  appointed  ;  ordinarily  and 

for'the  occasion  of  the  removal  of  tlie  ark.    The  well  known,  and  read  in  the  book  of  Psalms,  when 

105th  Psalm  is  the  same  song  of  praise,  corrected  Ezra  penned  the  book  of  Chronicles ;  and  therefore 


for  temple  worship. 


he  giveth  them  so  very  short  in  that  book. 


Part  VIL] 


X  Ex.  1.  7,  &c. 


J/  Ex.  3.  10.  &  4. 

12,  14. 
zNu.  16.  5.  &  17. 

5. 
a  Ex.  vii.  to  xii. 

Ps.  78.  43,  &;c. 
*  Heb.  words  of 

his  sig-n-s. 
h  Ex.  10.  22. 
c  Ps.  99.  7. 
d  Ex.  7.  20. 

e  Ex.  8.  6. 


A  See  Ex.  10.  4, 


mSeeEx.  13.21. 


n  Ex.  16.  12,  &c. 
0  Ps.  78.  24,  25. 


5  Ge.  15.  14. 


J  Heb.  singing. 


rDe.  6.  10,11. 
Jos.  13.  7,  &c. 


*  Heb.  IMlelvjah. 
PSALM  XCVI. 
o  Ps.  33.  3. 


6  Ps.  145.  3. 
c  Ps.  18.  3. 
d  Ps.  95.  3. 
e  See  Je.  10.  11, 

12. 
/SeeGe.  1.  1. 

VOL.    I 


REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUSALEM.  457 

^'^  And  ""he  increased  his  people  greatly  ; 

And  made  them  stronger  than  their  enemies. 
^5  He  turned  their  heart  to  hate  his  people, 

To  deal  subtilly  with  his  servants. 
-•^  He  ^sent  Moses  his  servant ; 

And  Aaron  'whom  he  had  chosen. 

-■^  They  "showed  *his  signs  among  them, 

And  wonders  in  the  land  of  Ham. 
2^  He  *sent  darkness,  and  made  it  dark  ; 

And  'they  rebelled  not  against  his  word. 
29  He  ''turned  their  waters  into  blood, 

And  slew  their  fish. 
^'^  Their  'land  brought  forth  frogs  in  abundance. 

In  the  chambers  of  their  kings. 
2^  He  -^spake,  and  there  came  divers  sorts  of  flies. 

And  lice  in  all  their  coasts. 
^^  He  gave  tthem  hail  for  rain, 

And  flaming  fire  in  their  land. 
23  He  ^smote  their  vines  also  and  their  fig  trees  ; 

And  brake  the  trees  of  their  coasts. 
^'^  He  ''spake,  and  the  locusts  came, 

And  caterpillars,  and  that  without  number, 
2^  And  did  eat  up  all  the  herbs  in  their  land, 

And  devoured  the  fruit  of  their  ground. 
26  He  'smote  also  all  the  firstborn  in  their  land, 

The  ^chief  of  all  their  strength. 
2^  He  *^brought  them  forth  also  with  silver  and  gold : 

And  there  was  not  one  feeble  person  among  their  tribes. 

28  Egypt  'was  glad  when  they  departed  ; 
For  the  fear  of  them  fell  upon  them. 

29  He  "spread  a  cloud  for  a  covering ; 
And  fire  to  give  light  in  the  night. 

^•^  The  "people  asked,  and  he  brought  quails. 

And  "satisfied  them  with  the  bread  of  heaven. 
^1  He  ''opened  the  rock,  and  the  waters  gushed  out ; 

They  ran  in  the  dry  places  like  a  river. 
'^^  For  he  remembered  'his  holy  promise, 

And  Abraham  his  servant. 
^2  And  he  brought  forth  his  people  with  joy, 

And  his  chosen  with  Igladness  ; 
■^^  And  '"gave  them  the  lands  of  the  heathen : 

And  they  inherited  the  labor  of  the  people  ; 
^^  That  "they  might  observe  his  statutes. 

And  keep  his  laws. 

*  Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM    XCVI. 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God,  ifor  his  greatneas,  S  for  his  kingdom,  13  for  his  general  judgment. 

^  O  "sing  unto  the  Lord  a  new  song : 

Sing  unto  the  Lord,  all  the  earth. 
2  Sing  unto  the  Lord,  bless  his  name  ; 

Show  forth  his  salvation  from  day  to  day. 
2  Declare  his  glory  among  the  heathen. 

His  wonders  among  all  people. 
"*  For  Hhe  Lord  is  great,  and  'greatly  to  be  praised : 

He  "^is  to  be  feared  above  all  gods. 
^  For  'all  the  gods  of  the  nations  are  idols  ; 

But  -^the  Lord  made  the  heavens. 

58  2m 


i^8 


REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUSALEM.     [Perio»  IV. 


g  Pi.  29.  1. 

h  Ps.  29.  1,  2. 


t  Or,  glorious 
saTUtuary. 
Ps.  110.  3. 

i  Ps.  93.  1.  Rev. 
11.  15. 

j  See  Ge.  18.  25. 
k  Ps.  69.  34. 
I  Ps.  98.  7,  &.C. 


PSALM  CVI. 


^  Honor  and  majesty  are  before  him  : 

Strength  ^and  beauty  are  in  his  sanctuary. 

'  Give  ''unto  the  Lord,  O  ye  kindreds  of  the  people  ! 

Give  unto  the  Lord  glory  and  strength. 
8  Give  unto  the  Lord  the  glory  *due  unto  his  name  : 

Bring  an  offering,  and  come  into  his  courts. 
^  O  worship  the  Lord  in  the  tbeauty  of  holiness  : 

Fear  before  him,  all  the  earth. 
1"  Say  among  the  heathen  'that  the  Lord  reigneth  : 

The  world  also  shall  be  established  that  it  shall  not  be  moved ; 

He  •'shall  judge  the  people  righteously. 
"  Let  *the  heavens  rejoice,  and  let  the  earth  be  glad  ; 

Let  'the  sea  roar,  and  the  fulness  thereof. 
^2  Let  the  field  be  joyful,  and  all  that  is  therein : 

Then  shall  all  the  trees  of  the  wood  rejoice  ^^  before  the  Lord 

For  he  cometh — for  he  cometh  to  judge  the  earth : 

He  shall  judge  the  world  with  righteousness, 

And  the  people  with  his  truth. 


The  psalmist  exhorteth  to  praise  God. 
7  ^ 


PSALM    CVI. 

4  He  prayeih  for  pardon  of  sin,  as  God  did  teilk  the  fathert. 


The'stonj  of  the  'people'^s  rebellion,  and  God's  mercy.     47  He  concludeth  with  prayer  and  praUe. 

^  *Praise  ye  the  Lord. 

O  "give  thanks  unto  the  Lord  ; 

For  he  is  good : 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
2  Who  'can  utter  the  mighty  acts  of  the  Lord  ? 

Who  can  show  forth  all  his  praise  ? 
^  Blessed  are  they  that  keep  judgment. 

And  he  that  'doeth  righteousness  at  all  times. 
"*  Remember  ''me,  O  Lord, 

With  the  favor  that  thou  bearest  unto  thy  people  : 

O  visit  me  with  thy  salvation  ; 
5  That  I  may  see  the  good  of  thy  chosen, 

That  I  may  rejoice  in  the  gladness  of  thy  nation, 

That  I  may  glory  with  thine  inheritance. 
^  We  'have  sinned  with  our  fathers, 

We  have  committed  iniquity,  we  have  done  wickedly. 
'  Our  fathers  understood  not  thy  wonders  in  Egypt ; 

They  remembered  not  the  multitude  of  thy  mercies  ; 

But  ^provoked  him  at  the  sea,  even  at  the  Red  Sea. 
^  Nevertheless  he  saved  them  ^for  his  name's  sake. 

That  he  might  make  his  mighty  power  to  be  known. 
9  He  ^rebuked  the  Red  Sea  also,  and  it  was  dried  up  : 

So  'he  led  them  through  the  depths,  as  through  the  wilderness, 
^o  And  ^he  saved  them  from  the  hand  of  him  that  hated  them, 

And  redeemed  them  from  the  hand  of  the  enemy. 
^^  And  ''the  waters  covered  their  enemies  : 

There  was  not  one  of  them  left. 
^~  Then  'believed  they  Iiis  words  ; 

They  sang  his  praise. 
^iuh.Thnima<u  13  fXhcy  soon  forgat  his  works  ; 

haste.  IheM  for  sat.  J  n         i  •  1 

ihey  waited  not  for  his  counsel  ; 
^*  But  Jlusted  exceedingly  in  the  wilderness, 

And  tempted  God  in  the  desert. 
'^  And  "he  gave  them  their  request ; 

But  "sent  leanness  into  their  soul. 

^^  They  "envied  Moses  also  in  the  camp, 

And  Aaron  the  saint  of  the  Lord. 


*  Heb.  Hallelujah 
a  Ps.  107.  I. 


e  Ps.  15.  2.  Acts 
24.  16.  Gal.  6.  9. 
dPs.  119.  132. 


eLe.  26.40.  1  Ki. 
8.  47.  Du.  9.  5. 


/Ex.  14.11,12. 


g  Ex.  9.  16.  Ez 
■20.  \'l. 


18.  15.  Na.  1 
tl9.  63.  n-14, 
j  Ex.  14.  30. 


I  Ex.  14.  31.  &. 
15.  1. 


htiste,  they  forgat. 

Ex.  ].■).  24.&16. 

2.  Ps.  78.  11. 
t  Heb.  liisUd  a 

Ixait.   Nu.  11.4, 

33.  Ps.  78.  18. 

1  Co.  10.  6. 
mNu.  11.31.  Ps. 

78.  '29. 
n  Is.  10.  16. 
o  Nu.  16.  1,  Slc. 


Part  VIL]  REMOVAL  OF  THE  ARK  TO  JERUSALEM.  459 

J,  Nu.  16. 31, 32.    n  The  ''earth  opened,  and  swallowed  up  Dathan, 

And  covered  the  company  of  Abiram. 
q  Nu.  16. 35, 46.    18  ^j^j  Sg.  fire  was  kindled  in  their  company  ; 

The  flame  burned  up  the  wicked. 
T  Ex.  33. 4.  19  They  ''made  a  calf  in  Horeb, 

And  worshipped  the  molten  image, 
ije.  2. 11.  Rom.  20  fhus  'they  changed  their  glory 

Into  the  similitude  of  an  ox  that  eateth  grass. 
tpa.  78, 11,12.     21  They  'forgat  God  their  Saviour, 

Which  had  done  great  things  in  Egypt ; 
uPs.  78. 51.        22  Wondrous  works  in  "the  land  of  Ham, 

And  terrible  things  by  the  Red  Sea. 
V  Ex.  32. 10.        23  Therefore  "he  said  that  he  would  destroy  them, 

Had  not  Moses  his  chosen  stood  before  him  in  the  breach, 

To  turn  away  his  wrath,  lest  he  should  destroy  them. 
*Heb.  atorfo/  ^4  Yea,  they  despised  *the  pleasant  land, 

f:%:\ti^:^i       They  ""believed  not  his  word  ; 
Jke  3  18.        ^^  ^^^  ""murmured  in  their  tents, 
I  Nu.  14. 2, 27.         And  hearkened  not  unto  the  voice  of  the  Lord. 
y  Ex.  6. 8.  Nu.     26  Thcrcforc  ^he  lifted  up  his  hand  against  them, 
95!  ii!  Ez.  20.'        To  overthrow  them  in  the  wilderness  : 
15.  He.  3  11,18.  27  To  tovcrthrow  their  seed  also  among  the  nations, 

t  Heb.  make  them  i  •         i        i         i 

fall.  Le.  26. 33.        And  to  scattcr  them  in  the  lands. 

p..  44. 11.  Ez.  28  rpj^gy  ^joined  themselves  also  unto  Baal-peor, 

'Ho%^w'Eev        -^"^  ^^^  ^^^  sacrifices  of  the  dead. 
2.°i4/    ■    ^^'   29  Thus  they  provoked  him  to  anger  with  their  inventions : 

And  the  plague  brake  in  upon  them. 
aNu.25.  7,&.c.    30  Thcu  "stood  up  Phinchas,  and  executed  judgment: 
And  so  the  plague  was  stayed. 
31  And  that  was  counted  unto  him  for  righteousness 
Unto  all  generations  for  evermore. 
b  Nu.  20. 3, 13.  32  They  ''angered  him  also  at  the  waters  of  strife, 

ps.  81. 7.  g^  ^^^^  .^  ^^^^^  .jj  ^j^j^  Moses  for  their  sakes  ; 

c  Nu.  20.  10.       33  Because  ""they  provoked  his  spirit. 

So  that  he  spake  unadvisedly  with  his  Ups. 
d^u.i.21,27,  34  They  ""did  not  destroy  the  nations, 

«De.7.2,i6.  Concerning  'whom  the  Lord  commanded  them  ; 

/j».  2. 2.  Is.  2. 6.  35  B^t  /were  mingled  among  the  heathen, 

And  learned  their  works. 
fju.2.12,13,17,  "^^  And  ^they  served  their  idols; 
^^  ^  no  Which  ''were  a  snare  unto  them. 

*Ex.  23. 33.  •,-        1   .1     • 

i 2 Ki.  16. 3.  la.    •^'  Yea,  'they  sacrificed  their  sons 
57.5.  Ez.16.  ^^^  ^j^gjj.  (jj^ughters  unto  ^devils, 

jLe.  17.7.  2Ch.  38  ^jj^j  g^ed  inuoccnt  blood, 
n.  15.  1  Co.  1  .       ^^^^  ^^^  ^j^^^  ^^  ^j^^.^  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^^^.^  daughters. 

Whom  they  sacrificed  unto  the  idols  of  Canaan  ; 
fcNu.  35.33.  And  *the  land  was  polluted  with  blood. 

I  Ez.  20. 18, 30,    39  Thus  wcrc  'they  defiled  with  their  own  works, 
JL.  17.  7.  Nu.       And  "went  a  whoring  with  their  own  inventions. 
15. 39.  Ez.'ao.     40  Therefore  "was  the  wrath  of  the  Lord  kindled  against  his  people, 
nJu.2. 14,  &c.         Insomuch  that  he  abhorred  "his  own  inheritance. 
Ps.  78. 59, 62.     41  ^jj^j  p\^q  gg^yg  them  into  the  hand  of  the  heathen  ; 
l^u.u.u^scc.         And  they  that  hated  them  ruled  over  them.    . 
^  Their  enemies  also  oppressed  them, 

And  they  were  brought  into  subjection  under  their  hand. 
"^^  Many  times  did  he  deliver  them  ; 

But  they  provoked  him  with  their  counsel, 


460 


DAVID  CO^BIANDED  NOT  TO  BUILD  THE  TE:vrPLE.     [Period  IV. 


I  Or,  impover- 
ished, or,  weak- 
ened. 

q  Ju.  3.  9. 

rLe.26.  41,42. 

s  Ju.  2.  18.  Ps. 

51.  1.  Is.  63.  7. 

La.  3.  32. 
f  Ezra  9.  9.  Je. 

42.  12. 


*  Heb.  BaUelujali. 
a  Pa.  30,  title. 

6  1  Sa.  19.  24. 
cJu.  9.  4. 

*  Or,  openly. 

d  1  Sa.  13.  14. 
St.  15.  28. 


t  Or,  of  the  hand- 
maids of  my  ser- 
vants. 

e  See  1  Sa.  15. 
35.  Is.  22.  14. 
Mat.  1.25. 


a  Nu.  4.  15.  Jos. 

3.  3. 
6  See  1  Ki.  8.  5. 
c  See  Ex.  15.  20. 

Ps.  30.  11. 
d  1  Sa.  2.  18. 


*  Heb.  streUhed. 
e  1  Ki.  8.  5,  62, 
63. 
/I  Ki.8.  55. 


SECT.   VI. 

A.  M.  2960. 

B.  C.  1044. 
Hales,  1055. 

Jerusalem. 


And  were  tbrought  low  for  their  iniquity, 
'^  Nevertheless  he  regarded  their  affliction, 

When  'he  heard  their  cry  : 
^^  And  ''he  remembered  for  them  his  covenant, 

And  'repented  according  to  the  multitude  of  his  mercies. 
^^  He  'made  them  also  to  be  pitied 

Of  all  those  that  carried  them  captives. 
^^  Save  us,  O  Lord  our  God, 

And  gather  us  from  among  the  heathen, 

To  give  thanks  unto  thy  holy  name, 

And  to  triumph  in  thy  praise. 
^^  Blessed  "be  the  Lord  God  of  Israel 

From  everlasting  to  everlasting  ! 

And  let  all  the  people  say.  Amen. 

*Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

20  Then  "David  returned  to  bless  his  household.  And  Michal  |(f  J^^-^j]" 
the  daughter  of  Saul  came  out  to  meet  David,  and  said,  '•'  How  ' 
glorious  was  the  king  of  Israel  to-day,  who  ''uncovered  himself  to-day 
in  the  eyes  of  the  handmaids  of  his  servants,  as  one  of  the  'vain  fellows 
*shamelessly  uncovereth  himself!"  -^  And  David  said  unto  Michal, 
"  It  was  before  the  Lord,  "^which  chose  me  before  thy  father,  and  be- 
fore all  his  house,  to  appoint  me  ruler  over  the  people  of  the  Lord, 
over  Israel :  therefore  will  I  play  before  the  Lord.  ^^  And  I  will  yet  be 
more  vile  than  thus,  and  will  be  base  in  mine  own  sight :  and  tof  the 
maidservants  which  thou  hast  spoken  of,  of  them  shall  I  be  had  in 
honor."  ^^  Therefore  ]\Iichal  the  daughter  of  Saul  had  no  child  'unto 
the  day  of  her  death. 

2  Samuel  vi.  12-19. — '^  And  it  was  told  king  David,  saying,  '•  Tlie  Lord  hath  blessed 
the  house  of  Obed-edom,  and  all  that  pertaineth  unto  him,  because  of  the  ark  of  God." 
So  David  went  and  brought  up  the  ark  of  God  from  the  house  of  Obed-edom  into  the  city 
of  David  with  gladness.  "  And  it  was  so,  that  when  "they  that  bare  the  ark  of  the  Lord 
had  gone  six  paces,  he  sacrificed  ''oxen  and  fallings.  '•'  And  David  "danced  before  the  Lord 
witli  all  his  might;  and  David  was  girded  ''with  a  linen  ephod.  **  So  David  and  all  the 
house  of  Israel  brought  up  the  ark  of  the  Lord  witli  shouting,  and  with  the  sound  of  the 
trumpet.  '®  And  as  the  ark  of  the  Lord  came  into  the  city  of  David,  Michal,  Saul's  daugh- 
ter, looked  tlirough  a  window,  and  saw  king  David  leaping  and  dancing  before  the  Lord  ; 
and  she  despised  him  in  her  heart. 

'"And  they  brought  in  the  ark  of  the  Lord,  and  set  it  in  his  place,  in  the  midst  of  the 
tabernacle  that  David  had  *pitclied  for  it ;  and  David  'offered  burnt  offerings  and  peace 
offerings  before  the  Lord.  '*  And  as  soon  as  David  had  made  an  end  of  offering  burnt 
offerings  and  peace  offerings,  ^he  blessed  the  people  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
'^  And  he  dealt  among  all  the  people,  even  among  the  whole  multitude  of  Israel,  as  well 
to  the  women  as  men,  to  every  one  a  cake  of  bread,  and  a  good  piece  of  flesh,  and  a 
flagon  of  wine.    So  all  the  people  departed  every  one  to  his  house. 

Section    VI. — David    commanded  not   to   build  the    Temple ; — Nathan's 

Prophecy  of  the  3Iessiah. 

(S-)2  Samuel  vii. — Psalm  ii. — 1  Chron.  xvii. 

Nathan,  first  appi-oviuir  the  purpose  of  David  to  build  God  a  house,  4  after,  by  the  word  of  God,  for- 

biddeCh  him.     12  He  promiseth  him  benefits  and  blessings  in  his  seed.     18  David's  prayer  and 

thanksgiving: 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  king  sat  in  his  house,  and  the  Lord 
had  given  him  rest  round  about  from  all  his  enemies ;  ^  that  the  king 

of  Israel,  promising  them  a  rest  of  such  a  nature 
as  they  have  never  yet  enjoyed,  though  they  have 
so  long  possessed  the  promised  land  ;  the  third 
part  predicts  the  future  Son  of  David,  who  is  alluded 
to,  and  described  in  terms  applicable  only  to  a 
greater  than  Solomon  ;  and  the  passage,  "  I  will  be 
to  him  a  father,  and  he  shall  be  to  nie  a  son,"  is 
expressly  applied  by  St.  Paul,  to  the  Saviour  who 
should  come  into  tlie  world. 

Upon  hearing  this  prophecy,  David,  though  com- 
manded not  to  build  the  temple,  proceeds  to  the 


(^*)  By  comparing  the  parallel  passage  of  1  Ch. 
xvii.  (inserted  at  tlie  end  of  the  section),  with  this 
of  2  Sam.  vii.,  the  reader  will  observe  the  very 
forcible  language  in  which  they  are  both  worded, 
as  well  as  the  light  which  the  different  modes  ex- 
pressing the  same  idi-a  throws  upon  this  remarkable 
prediction  of  the  prophet  Nathan.  The  sun  of 
prophecy  seems  to  be  climbing  higher  in  its  celestial 
progress,  when  we  read  this  passage.  The  first  part 
announces  the  glory  of  Solomon  ;  the  second  looks 
into  futurity,  to  the  final  destination  of  the  people 


Part  VII.]  DAVID  COMMANDED  NOT  TO  BUILD  THE  TEMPLE.  461 

n'jsa. 5.  11.        said   unto  Natlian   the  prophet,   "See  now,  I  dwell   in  "a  house   of 
b  See  Ac.  7. 46.    cedar,  ''but  the  ark  of  God  dwelleth  within    curtains."  ^  And  Nathan 
cEx.ati.  1.         g^-^  jQ  j.jjg  \iing,  "Go,  do  all  that  is   in   thy  heart;   for  the  Lord   is 
with  thee." 

4  And  it  came  to  pass  that  night,  that  the  word  of  the  Lord  came 
unto  Nathan  saying,  ^  "  Go  and  tell  *my  servant  David,  Thus  saith  the 
Lord,  ''Shalt  thou  build  me  a  house  for  me  to  dwell  in  ?  ^  Whereas 
I  have  not  dwelt  in  any  house  since  the  time  that  I  brought  up  the 
c  Ex.  40. 18, 19,  children  of  Israel  out  of  Egypt,  even  to  this  day,  but  have  walked  in  'a 
tent  and  in  a  tabernacle.  '''  In  all  the  j)laces  wherein   I  have  talked 


*  Heb.  to  my  ser- 
vant, to  David, 
d  See  1  Ki.  5.  3. 


34. 
/•Le.  26.  n,  12, 


Ps 

X  Heb.  after, 
i  1  Sa.  18.  14. 


tJu.  2.  14-16. 


a.  15.  23, 
I  John  12.  34. 


fich.  17. 6,  with  all  the  children  of  Israel  spake  I  a  word  with  any  of  the  ttribes 
fp/Ts.  71, 72.  of  Israel,  whom  I  commanded  °to  feed  my  people  Israel,  saying, '  Why 
2o!28^'  ^"  ^'''  build  ye  not  me  a  house  of  cedar  ? '  ^  Now  therefore  so  shalt  thou  say 
/u  sa^  16. 11, 12.  unto  my  servant  David,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  ''I  took  thee 
from  the  sheepcot,  from  ^following  the  sheep,  to  be  ruler  over  my 
people,  over  Israel ;  ^  and  'I  was  with  thee  whithersoever  thou  wentest, 
^s/lb^^'^'  ^^"  ^^"  h^'^e.  cut  off  all  thine  enemies  *out  of  thy  sight,  and  have  made 
*Heh.' from  thy  tlicc  *^a  great  name,  like  unto  the  name  of  the  great  men  that  are  in 
/seeGe  ]=>  2  ^^^  earth.  1°  Moreover  I  will  appoint  a  place  for  my  people  Israel,  and 
z  Ps.  44. 2.  Je.  24.  will  'plant  them,  that  they  may  dwell  in  a  place  of  their  own,  and  move 
Tjfp^sg.^!^'  "^  ^^^^  '■>  "'"either  shall  the  children  of  wickedness  afflict  them  any 
more,  as  beforetime.  ^^  And  as  "since  the  time  that  I  commanded  judges 
to  be  over  my  people  Israel,  and  have  caused  thee  to  rest  from  all  thine 

0  See  Ex.  1.21.    encmies.     Also  the  Lord  telleth  thee  "that  he  will  make  thee  a  house. 

'^  And  when  thy  days  be  fulfilled,  and  thou  shalt  sleep  with  thy  fathers, 
p  1  Ki.  8.20.  Ps.  ^I  will  set  up  thy  seed  after  thee,  which  shall  proceed  out  of  thy  bowels, 
q  1  Ki.  5. 5.  ^"^  I  ^i^^  establish  his  kingdom.  ^^  He  'shall  build  a  house  for  my  name, 
rPs.  89. 4,29,  and  I  wiU  '^stablish  the  throne  of  his  kingdom  for  ever.  ^'^  I  'will  be 
sis ^89  26  '>-  ^^'^  father,  and  he  shall  be  my  son.  'If  he  commit  iniquity,  I  will  chas- 
*Heb.  Lsl*'"'"  ten  him  with  the  rod  of  men,  and  with  the  stripes  of  the  children  of 
'?«^^f^^'  "^6"  5  ^^but  my  mercy  shall  not  depart  away  from  him,  "as  I  took  it 
from  Saul,  whom  I  put  away  before  thee.  ^^  And  "thy  house  and  thy 
kingdom  shall  be  established  for  ever  before  thee  :  thy  throne  shall 
be  established  for  ever."  ^^  According  to  all  these  words,  and  accord- 
ing to  all  this  vision,  so  did  Nathan  speak  unto  David. 

1®  Then  went  king  David  in,  and  sat  before  the  Lord,  and  he  said, 

a-Ge.32. 10.       "Who  "am  I,  O  Lord  God  ?  and  what  is  my  house,  that  thou  hast 

brought  me  hitherto  ?   ^^  And  this  was  yet  a  small  thing  in  thy  sight, 

O  Lord  God  ;  but  thou  hast  spoken  also  of  thy  servant's  house  for  a 

^55^8  '""■  ^''      gi'eat  while  to  come.     And  is  this  the  tmanner  of  man,  O  Lord  God  ? 

-'^  And  what  can   David  say  more  unto   thee?   for  thou,  Lord   God, 

^39'  f  ■  ^^'  ^''    ""J^^o^vest  thy  servant.  ^^  For  thy  word's  sake,  and  according  to  thine  own 

heart,  hast  thou  done  all  these  great  things,  to  make  thy  servant  know 

sanctuary,  and  there  acknowledges  that  he  did  not  the  future  Messiah,  comprehended  the  various  pre- 

consider  this  prediction  as  referring  to  his  immediate  dictions  which  announced,  in  still  clearer  terms,  the 

son,  or  to  the  building  a  temple  made  with  hands,  nature,  the  person,  the  life,  and  the   incarnation  of 

The    two   parallel  passages,  2    Sam.   vii.   19.  and  the   promised   Saviour.    It  shows  us  too,  that  the 

1  Chron.  xvii.  17.  are  thus  interpreted  by  Bishop  prophecies  were  of  various  degrees  of  clearness ; 
Horsley.  2  Sam.  vii.  19.  "  And  this  (namely,  what  and  when  the  appointed  number  of  inspired  prcdic- 
was  said  about  his  house  in  distant  times)  is  the  tions  contained  in  the  Old  Testament  was  comple- 
arrangement  about  the  Man,  Oh  Lord  Jehovah  \  "  ted,  so  satisfactory,  and  so  perfect  was  the  descrip- 

1  Chron.  xvii.  17.    "  And  thou  hast  regarded  me  tion  of  our  blessed  Lord,  and  so  conclusive  was  the 

in  the  arrangement  about  The  Man   that  is   to  be  evidence    that   he    was    the    Messiah,    that    wilful 

from  above,  O  God  Jehovah  !  " — that  is,  in  forming  blindness  alone  prevented  the  Jews  from  acknowl- 

the  scheme  of  the  incarnation,  regard  was  had  to  the  edging  him.    They  had  determined  to  receive  only 

honor  of  David,  and  Ills  house,  as  a  secondary  ob-  a  temporal   Messiah,  and   the   predictions  of  their 

ject,  by  making  it  a  part    of  the    plan,  that   the  prophets  were  every  day  in  vain  fulfilled  before  their 

Messiah  should  be  born  in  his  family.  pyes,  by  the  spiritual  and  long-promised  Deliverer. 

This  circumstance,  of  David's  entering  into  the  liales's  y???,aZ.   vol.  ii.  p.  368  ;   Horsley's  Bih.   Crit. 

sanctuary,  and  acknowledging  that  he  understood  vol.  i.  p.  3.51  ;  authors  quoted  in  D'Oyly  and  Mant's 

the    meaning    of  the   figurative    language   of  the  Bible ;  and  the  Commentators, 
prophet,  is  a  proof  that  other  Israelites,  who  expected 

vol'  I.  2  M  * 


462 


NATHAN'S  PROPHECY  OF  THE  MESSIAH.      [Period  IV. 


y  1  Ch.  16.25. 

2  Ch.  2.  5.  P9. 

48.  I.&86.  10. 

&  96.  4.  &.  135. 

5.  Si.  145.  3.  Je. 

10.6. 
2  See  Ex.  15.  11. 

De.  3.  24.  &  4. 

35.  &  32.  39. 

I  Sa.  2.  2.  Pa. 

69.  6,  8.  Is.  45. 

5,  18,  22. 
a  See  Ge.  17.  8. 
b  De.  9.  26.  Ne. 

1.  10. 
c  De.  96.  18. 
({  Ps.  48.  J  4. 


t  Heb.  opened  the 
car.  Ku.  4.  4. 
1  S.i.  9.  15. 


*  Heb.  be  tliou 
pleased  and  bless. 


/2  Sa.  22.  51. 


a  Ps.  46.  6.  Acts 

4.  25,  26. 
*  Or,  tuinultuoushj 

assemble. 
f  Heb.  meditate. 


b  Ps.  45.  7.   Jolin 

1.  41. 
c  Je.  5.  5.  Luke 

19.  14. 

rfPs.  11.4. 
eP3.  37.  13.&59. 
8.  Pr.  1.  26. 

t  Or,  trouble. 

*  Heb.  anointed. 

t  Heb.  J7/)on  Zion, 
the  hill  of  my  ho- 
liness. 2  Sa.  5.  7. 

J  Or,  for  a  decree. 

/Ac.  13.  33.  He. 
1.  5.  ic  5.  5. 


them.  "  Wherefore  "tliou  art  great,  O  Lord  God  ;  ""for  there  is  none 
like  thee,  neitlier  is  there  any  God  besides  thee,  according  to  all  that 
we  have  heard  with  our  ears.  ~^  And  "what  one  nation  in  the  earth  is 
like  thy  people,  even  like  Israel,  whom  God  went  to  redeem  for  a  peo- 
ple to  himself,  and  to  make  him  a  name,  and  to  do  for  you  great  things 
and  terrible,  for  thy  land,  before  ''thy  people,  which  thou  redeemedst  to 
thee  from  Egypt,  from  the  nations  and  their  gods  ?  -■*  For  "thou  hast 
confirmed  to  thyself  tliy  people  Israel  to  be  a  people  unto  thee  for  ever  ; 
''and  thou.  Lord,  art  become  their  God.  -^  And  now,  O  Lord  God, 
the  word  that  thou  hast  spoken  concerning  thy  servant,  and  concern- 
ing his  house,  establish  it  for  ever,  and  do  as  thou  hast  said.  ^^  And 
let  thy  name  be  magnified  for  ever,  saying,  '  Tlie  Loud  of  hosts  is  the 
God  over  Israel : '  and  let  the  house  of  thy  servant  David  be  established 
before  thee.  ^''  For  thou,  O  Lord  of  hosts,  God  of  Israel,  hast  trevealed 
to  thy  servant,  saying,  'I  will  build  tliee  a  house  ; '  therefore  hath  thy 
servant  found  in  his  heart  to  pray  this  prayer  unto  thee.  ^^  And  now, 
O  Lord  God,  thou  art  that  God,  and  'thy  words  be  true,  and  thou  hast 
promised  this  goodness  unto  thy  servant.  ^'^  Therefore  now  *let  it  please 
thee  to  bless  the  house  of  thy  servant,  that  it  may  continue  for  ever 
before  thee,  (for  thou,  O  Lord  God,  hast  spoken  it ;)  and  with  thy 
blessing  let  the  house  of  thy  servant  be  blessed  •'^for  ever." 

PSALM  11.(53) 
The  kingdom  of  Christ.     10  Kings  are  exhorted  to  accept  it. 

^  Why  "do  the  heathen  *rage, 

And  the  people  timagine  a  vain  thing  ? 
^  The  kings  of  the  earth  set  themselves. 

And  the  rulers  take  counsel  together. 

Against  the  Lord,  and  against  'his  Anointed,  saying, 
^  "  Let  "us  break  their  bands  asunder, 

And  cast  away  their  cords  from  us." 
■*  He  ''that  sitteth  in  the  heavens  ''shall  laugh  : 

The  Lord  shall  have  them  in  derision. 
^  Then  shall  he  speak  unto  them  in  his  wrath, 

And  tvex  them  in  his  sore  displeasure. 
^  Yet  have  I  *set  my  king 

fUpon  my  holy  hill  of  Zion. 
''  I  will  declare  tthe  decree  : 

The  Lord  hath  said  unto  me,  ''  Thou  -^art  my  Son  ; 


(^')  Psalm  ii.  The  seventh  verse  of  this  Psalm 
refers  to  the  prophecy  of  Natlian  :  it  is  inserted  in 
this  place  on  the  joint  autliority  of  Dr.  Hales;  of 
its  ancient  Arabic  title,  "  A  Prophecy  concerning 
Christ  the  Lord,  and  the  calling  of  the  Gentiles;  " 
and  on  its  internal  evidence,  derived  from  its  cor- 
respondence with  the  preceding  prophecy.  The 
application  of  this  Psaliu  to  tlie  Messiah  was  the 
unquestionable  doctrine  of  the  Jewish  Church. 
For  the  authorities,  vide  Hales's  .^nal.  vol.  ii. 
p.  370,371. 

Psalm  xlv.  The  prophecies  of  Nathan  and  David 
form  the  basis  of  an  admirable  chain  of  prophecies 
contained  in  the  Psalms,  which,  on  the  authority 
of  Dr.  Hales,  are  inserted  immediately  after  this  in 
section  vii. ;  each  of  which  is  quoted  as  prophetic  in 
some  passages  of  the  New  Testament.  Psalm  xlv. 
declares  the  divinity  of  Christ,  and  his  exaltation 
above  the  angels  ;  it  is  expounded  Heb.  i.  8,  9.  1 
Pet.  iii.  22.  Ephes.  i.  22.  Phil.  ii.  9-11.  See  too 
Horsley's  Sermons  on  this  Psalm. 

Psalm  xxii.  predicts  the  sufli'rings  and  crucifixion 
of  Christ.  The  Jews  unwittingly  quoted  tiie  eightli 
verse  against  our  Lord,  when  hanging  on  the  cross, 
and,  as  if  to  fix   tlie  undoubted  application  of  the 


Psalm  to  himself,  Christ  expressed  the  sufferings 
of  the  moment  in  the  first  verse,  "  My  God,  my 
God,  why  hast  thou  forsaken  me  ?  "  Still  further  to 
prove  that  this  Psalm  was  a  prophecy  of  our  Lord, 
St.  John  applies  the  18th  verse  to  the  parting  of 
our  Lord's  garments  among  the  Roman  soldiers. 

Psalm  xvi.  predicts  the  death  and  resurrection  of 
Christ ;  and  is  so  applied  by  St.  Peter,  Acts  ii.  25- 
31  ;  and  by  St.  Paul,  Acts  xiii.  35,  36. 

Psalm  cxviii.  foretels  his  rejection  by  the  Jews, 
his  adoption  by  the  Gentiles,  and  the  establishment 
of  his  Church.  It  is  cited  by  our  Lord  in  Matt, 
xxii.  42.  It  is  expounded  bv  St.  Peter,  Acts  iv.  11 ; 
1  Pet.  ii.  4,  5.  by  St.  Paul,  Rom.  ix.  32,  33.  Ephes. 
ii.  20,  21.  and  by  St.  John,  Rev.  xx.  10-14. 

Psalm  ex.  declares  the  exaltation,  the  kingdom, 
and  priesthood  of  Christ.  It  is  applied  by  our  Lord 
expressly  to  assert  his  Divinity,  as  that  spiritual 
Son  of  David,  whom  David  calls  Lord  or  Jehovah, 
Matt.  xxii.  44. ;  by  St.  Peter,  Acts  ii.  32-36. ;  and 
by  St.  Paul,  who  explains  from  hence  the  nature 
of  his  kingdom,  1  Cor.  xv.  25-28,  and  of  his  priest- 
hood, Heb.  vii.  1-28.  and  chap.  viii.  ver.  1.  Vide 
Hales's  Anal.  vol.  ii.  p.  372. 


Part  VIL]  NATHAN'S  PROPHECY  OF  THE  MESSIAH.  463 

This  day  have  I  begotten  thee. 

jr  Ps.  22.  27.  Da.       SAsjl-ff^f^p 
7.  13,  H.  See  ^SK      Ol   me, 

J°hn^i7. 4, 5.  &       ^j^(j  J  gj^g^ll  gjye  thee  the  heathen  for  thine  mheritance, 
And  the  uttermost  parts  of  the  earth  for  thy  possession. 

ft^Ps.^89.  23.  Re.        9  rpj^^^  ,g[^^j^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^j^j^  ^  j.^^  ^f  j^^j^  . 

Thou  shalt  dash  them  in  pieces  hke  a  potter's  vessel." 

^°  Be  wise  now  therefore,  O  ye  kings  ! 
Be  instructed,  ye  judges  of  the  earth ! 
.•  He.  12.  28.  11  ggj.yg  i^hg  Lqj^j^  ^jtl^  fgj^r, 

j  Phil. 2. 12.  ^j^j  rejoice  •'with  trembhng. 

'I'Sfi'jo'hns.^'"  '■'  Kiss  *the  Son,  lest  he  be  angry, 
23.  And  ye  perish  from  the  way, 

J  Re.  6. 16, 17.  When  'his  wrath  is  kindled  but  a  little. 

Blessed  "'are  all  they  that  put  their  trust  in  him ! 


nt  Ps.  34.  8.  Pr. 
16.20.  Is.  30.  18. 
Je.  17.  7.  Ro.  9. 
33.  &  10.  11. 
1  Pe.  2.  6. 


1  Chron.  xvii. — '  Now  it  came  to  pass,  as  David  sat  in  his  house,  that  David  said  to 
Nathan  the  prophet,  "  Lo  !  I  dwell  in  a  house  of  cedars,  but  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of 
the  Lord  remaineth  under  curtains."  *  Then  Nathan  said  unto  David,  "  Do  all  that  is  in 
thy  heart;  for  God  is  with  thee." 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  the  same  night,  that  the  vvord  of  God  came  to  Nathan,  saying, 
*  "  Go  and  tell  David  my  servant.  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Thou  shalt  not  build  me  a  house 
to  dwell  in.  *  For  I  have  not  dwelt  in  a  house  since  the  day  that  I  brought  up  Israel  unto 

*  Heb.  have  been,  this  day  ;  but  *have  gone  from  tent  to  tent,  and  from  one  tabernacle  to  another.  «  Where- 

soever I  have  walked  with  all  Israel,  spake  I  a  word  to  any  of  the  judges  of  Israel,  whom 
I  commanded  to  feed  my  people,  saying,  Why  have  ye  not  built  me  a  house  of  cedars? 
'  Now  therefore  thus  shalt  thou  say  unto   my  servant  David,  Thus  saith  the   Lord   of 

t  Heb.  from afier.  hosts,  I  took  thee  from  the  sheepcot,  even  tfrom  following  the  sheep,  that  thou  shouldest 
be  ruler  over  my  people  Israel.  **  And  I  have  been  with  thee  whithersoever  thou  hnst 
Avalked,  and  have  cut  off  all  thine  enemies  from  before  thee,  and  have  made  thee  a  name 
like  the  name  of  the  great  men  that  are  in  the  earth.  ^  Also  I  will  ordain  a  place  for  my 
people  Israel,  and  will  plant  them,  and  they  shall  dwell  in  their  place,  and  shall  be 
moved  no  more  ;  neither  sliall  the  children  of  wickedness  waste  them  any  more,  as  at  the 
beginning,  '"  and  since  the  time  that  I  commanded  judges  to  be  over  my  people  Israel. 
Moreover  I  will  subdue  all  thine  enemies.  Furthermore  I  tell  thee  that  the  Lord  will  build 
thee  a  house.  ^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  thy  days  be  expired  that  thou  must  go  to 
be  with  thy  fathers,  that  I  will  raise  up  thy  seed  after  thee,  which  shall  be  of  thy  sons ; 
and  I  will  establish  his  kingdom.  '^  He  shall  build  me  a  house,  and  I  will  estabhsh  his 
throne  for  ever.  '^  I  will  be  his  father,  and  he  shall  be  mv  son.     And  I  will  not  take  my 

a  Luke  1.  33.  mercy  away  from  him,  as  I  took  it  from  him  that  was  before  thee  ;  '■*but  "^I  will  settle 
him  in  my  house  and  in  my  kingdom  for  ever  :  and  his  throne  shall  be  established  for 
evermore."  '^According  to  all  these  words,  and  according  to  all  this  vision,  so  did 
Nathan  speak  unto  David. 

'8  And  David  the  king  came  and  sat  before  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  Who  am  I,  O  Lord 
God  !  and  what  is  my  house,  that  thou  hast  brought  me  hitherto  ?  "  And  yet  this  was  a 
small  thing  in  thine  eyes,  O  God  !  for  thou  hast  also  spoken  of  thy  servant's  house  for  a 
great  while  to  come,  and  hast  regarded  me  according  to  the  estate  of  a  man  of  high  degree, 
O  Lord  God  1  '^  What  can  David  speak  more  to  thee  for  the  honor  of  thy  servant  ?  for 
thou  knowest  thy  servant.  '^O  Lord  !  for  thy  servant's  sake,  and  according  to  thine  own 
heart,  hast  thou  done  all  this  greatness,  in  making  known  all  these  +great  things.  ^  O 

%  Heb.  great-         LoRD  !  there  is  none  like  thee,  neither  is  there  any  God  besides  thee, according  to  all  that 
nesses.  ^^  j^^^^  heard  with  our  ears.  ^'  And  what  one  nation  in  the  earth  is  like  thy  people  Israel, 

v/hom  God  went  to  redeem  to  be  his  own  people,  to  make  thee  a  name  of  greatness  and 
terribleness,  by  driving  out  nations  from  before  thy  people,  whom  thou  hast  redeemed 
out  of  Egypt  ?"-- For  thy  people  Israel  didst  thou  make  thine  own  people  for  ever;  and 
thou.  Lord,  becamest  their  God.  ^Therefore  now.  Lord  !  let  the  thing  that  thou  hast 
spoken  concerning  thy  servant,  and  concerning  his  house,  be  established  for  ever,  and  do 
as  thou  hast  said.  ^*  Let  it  even  be  established,  that  thy  name  may  be  magnified  for  ever, 
saying,  The  Lord  of  hosts  is  the  God  of  Israel,  even  a  God  to  Israel :  and  let  the  house 
of  David  thy  servant  be  established   before  thee.  ^  For  thou,  O  my  God  !  *hast  told  thy 

*  Heb.  hastrcveaf'  servant  that  thou  wilt  build  him  a  house  ;  therefore  thy  servant  hath  found  in  his  heart  to 
servant!^     "^     P'''*y  before  thee.  ^'^  And  now,  Lord,  thou  art  God,  and  hast  promised  this  goodness  unto 

thv  servant.  ^^Now  therefore  tlet  it  please  thee  to  bless  the  house  of  thy  servant,  that  it 
pleased  thee.  may  be  before  thee  for  ever  ;  for  thou  blessest,  O  Lord  !  and  it  shall  be  blessed  for  ever." 


464 


DAVID'S  PROPHETIC  PSALMS. 


[Period  IV. 


Section  VII. 


—David's  Prophetic  Psalms. 
PSALM    XLV. 


•  Ps.  69,  &  80, 
title. 

■f  Or,  of  instruc- 
tion. 

X  Heb.  boileth,  or, 
bubblelh  up. 

a  Lu.  4.  22. 


6  Is.  49.  2.  He. 

4.  1>.  Re.  1.  16. 
c  Is.  9.  6. 
d  Re.  6.  2. 
*  Heb.  prosper 

thou,  ride  thou. 


Ps.  93.2.  He.  1. 


/Ps.  33.  5. 

t  Or,  0  Ood !  Is. 
61.  1. 
g  1  Ki.  1.  39,  40. 
A  Ps.  21.  6. 
i  Cant.  1.  3. 

j  Cant.  6.  8. 
k  See  1  Ki.  2.  9. 


I  See  De.  21.  13. 


TO  Ps.  95.  6.  la. 
54.5. 

n  Ps.  22.  29.  Is. 

49.23. 

%  Heb.  thy  face. 
0  Re.  19.  7,  8. 
p  Cant.  1.  4. 


g  1  Pc.  2.  9.  Ro. 

1.  6.  &:  5.  10.  & 

20.  6. 
r  Mai.  1.  11. 


77ie  majesty  and  grace  of  Christ's  kingdom.     10  The  duty  of  the  Church,  and  the  benefits  thereof. 
To  the  chief  Musician  *upon  Shoshannim,  for  the  sons  of  Korah,  fMaschil,  A  Song  of  Loves. 

^  My  heart  tis  inditing  a  good  matter : 

I  speak  of  the  things  which  1  liave  made  touching  the  king  : 

My  tongue  is  the  pen  of  a  ready  writer. 
^  Thou  art  fairer  than  the  children  of  men  : 

Grace  "is  poured  into  thy  hps  : 

Therefore  God  hath  blessed  thee  for  ever. 

^  Gird  thy  *sword  upon  thy  thigh,  'O  most  mighty ! 

With  thy  glory  and  thy  majesty. 
■*  And  "^in  thy  majesty  *ride  prosperously 

Because  of  truth  and  meekness  and  righteousness  ; 

And  thy  right  hand  shall  teach  thee  terrible  things. 
^  Thine  arrows  are  sharp  in  the  heart  of  the  king's  enemies ; 

Whereby  the  people  fall  under  thee. 

^  Thy  'throne,  O  God !  is  for  ever  and  ever  : 

The  sceptre  of  thy  kingdom  is  a  right  sceptre. 
"^  Thou  -^lovest  righteousness,  and  hatest  wickedness  : 

Therefore  tGod,  thy  God,  ^hath  anointed  thee 

With  the  oil  ''of  gladness  above  thy  fellows. 
^  All  Hhy  garments  smell  of  myrrh,  and  aloes,  and  cassia. 

Out  of  the  ivory  palaces,  whereby  they  have  made  thee  glad. 
^  Kings'  ^daughters  were  among  thy  honorable  women  : 

Upon  ''thy  right  hand  did  stand  the  queen  in  gold  of  Ophir. 
1°  Hearken,  O  daughter,  and  consider,  and  incline  thine  ear  ; 

Forget  'also  thine  own  people,  and  thy  father's  house ; 
^^  So  shall  the  king  greatly  desire  thy  beauty : 

For  '"he  is  thy  Lord  ;   and  worship  thou  him. 
^^  And  the  daughter  of  Tyre  shall  be  there  with  a  gift ; 

Even  "the  rich  among  the  people  shall  entreat  tthy  favor. 
^^  The  "king's  daughter  is  all  glorious  within : 

Her  clothing  is  of  wrought  gold. 
^^  She  ^shall  be  brought  unto  the  king  in  raiment  of  needlework  : 

The  virgins  (her  companions  that  follow  her) 

Shall  be  brought  unto  thee. 
^^  With  gladness  and  rejoicing  shall  they  be  brought ; 

They  shall  enter  into  the  king's  palace. 
^^  Instead  of  thy  fathers  shall  be  thy  children, 

Whom  'thou  mayest  make  princes  in  all  the  earth. 
'^'^  I  '"will  make  thy  name  to  be  remembered  in  all  generations ; 

Therefore  shall  the  people  praise  thee  for  ever  and  ever. 


PSALM  XXII.  PSALM    XXn. 

David  complaineth  in  great  discouragement.     9  Ffc  prayeth  in  great  distress.     23  He  praiseih  God. 

*  Or,  thr.  hind  of  To  the  chief  Musician  upon  *Aijclelh  Shahar,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

a  Mat.  27. 46.  ^  My  "God  !  my  God  !  why  hast  thou  forsaken  me? 

Vaw^n""""^         Why  art  thou  so  far  tfrom  helping  mc, 
b  He.  5. 7.  And  from  Hhe  words  of  my  roaring  ? 

-  O  my  God,  I  cry  in  the  daytime — but  thou  hearest  not; 
{Heb.  there  is  And  ill  the  nisht  season,  and  tam  not  silent. 

no  silence  to  me.  ^  ' 

•^  But  thou  art  holy, 
eDe.10.21.  Q  tliou  that  iiihabitcst  'the  praises  of  Israel ! 

^  Our  fathers  trusted  in  thee  : 
They  trusted,  and  thou  didst  deliver  them. 


Part  VII.]  DAVID'S  PROPHETIC  PSALMS.  465 

^  They  cried  unto  thee,  and  were  delivered : 
''49''2f'Ro  ^33'       They  ''trusted  in  thee,  and  were  not  confounded. 


But  I  am  'a  worm,  and  no  man 


e  Job  25.  6.  Is. 

fu.  53!  3.  A  -^reproach  of  men,  and  despised  of  the  people. 

£•  Mat. '27. 39.        7  ^11  -tjiey  that  see  me  laugh  me  to  scorn  : 
*Heb.  ope«.  They  *shoot  out  the  lip,  "they  shake  the  head,  saying, 

"im.  fi  "■  ^''      ^  "  He  ttrusted  on  the  Lord  that  he  would  deliver  him  : 
t  Heb.  r«jw  hira-       j^et  'him  deliver  him,  tseeing  he  delighted  in  him." 

Mat!'27!''43.      '    ^  But  nhou  art  he  that  took  me  out  of  the  womb  : 
i  Vs.  91. 14.  Thou  *didst  make  me  hope  when  I  was  upon  my  mother's  breasts. 

I  was  cast  upon  thee  from  the  womb  : 
j  Ps.  71. 6.  Thou  *art  my  God  from  my  mother's  belly. 

*inlafe?y.^^^ "'"  ^^  Bc  uot  far  from  me  ;  for  trouble  is  near; 

^3.46.3.  &49.        Yor  there  is  tnone  to  help. 
^Heb.  not  a  helper.  ^2  Many  'buUs  Imvc  compasscd  me  : 
'estso^Vztsg!'        Strong  bulls  of  Bashan  have  beset  me  round. 

18.  Am.  4. 1.      13  Thev  tgaped  upon  me  with  their  mouths, 

t  Heb    opened  a  •  J  •  T 

their  mouths  As  a  raveniug  and  a  roaring  lion. 

irio!'ps!'35!''  ^^  I  am  poured  out  like  water, 

21.  La.  2.  lb.  ^j^(j  "'a^U  j^^y  bones  are  *out  of  joint : 

'"Z'sunLed.  My  "heart  is  like  wax  ; 

bJos.  7. 5.  Job  It  is  melted  in  the  midst  of  my  bowels. 

23.  16. 


My  "strength  is  dried  up  like  a  potsherd  ; 
p Job 29. 10.  La.       And  ^'my  tongue  cleaveth  to  my  jaws; 
4.4.  John  19. 28.       ^^^  ^l^^^  j_^^g^  brought  1110  iuto  tho  dust  of  death. 
g  Rev.  22. 15.       16  Yov  'dogs  havc  couipassod  me  ; 

The  assembly  of  the  wicked  have  enclosed  me  : 
r  Mat.  27. 35.     '      They  'pierccd  my  hands  and  my  feet. 

^'  I  may  tell  all  my  bones  : 
5  Luke  23. 27,35.       Tlicy  Hook  and  stare  upon  me. 
t  Luke  23. 34.       18  They  'part  my  garments  among  them, 

And  cast  lots  upon  my  vesture. 
«  Ps.  10. 1.  19  But  be  "not  thou  far  from  me,  O  Lobd  ! 

O  my  strength,  haste  thee  to  help  me. 
^^  Deliver  my  soul  from  the  sword  ; 
^ Ps^"'!!  "''''         My  tdarling  from  the  tpower  of  the  dog. 
XBeb.'hand.        ^^  Savo  "uic  froiii  the  lion's  mouth  ; 

D2Tim.  4. 17.  For  ""thou  hast  heard  me  from  the  horns  of  the  unicorns. 

%|'27?'*"  ^'  '^'"  ^^  I  ^will  declare  thy  name  unto  ^my  brethren  : 
X  Heb.  2.  12.  Ps.       In  the  midst  of  the  congregation  will  I  praise  thee. 
/joim2o.  17.  ^^  Ye  ''that  fear  the  Lord,  praise  him  ; 

Ro.  8.29.  AH  ye  the  seed  of  Jacob,  glorify  him  ; 

xPs.  135.  19,20.  ^^^  ^g^j.  jjj^^  ^11  yg  tj^g  ggg^j  Qf  Jg,.j^gl  I 

2^  For  he  hath  not  despised  nor  abhorred  the  affliction  of  the  afflicted ; 
Neither  hath  he  hid  his  face  from  him  ; 
a  He.  5.7.  gut  "whcu  he  cricd  unto  him,  he  heard. 

6Ps.  35. 18.        25  My  ''praise  shall  be  of  thee  in  the  great  congregation  : 
cVs^ 66. 13. Ec.        J  c^,j|j  pg^y  j^y  vows  bcforc  them  that  fear  him. 
dLe.7.ii,  12,  26  The  '^ineek  shall  eat  and  be  satisfied  : 

321  it 65: 13;         They  shall  praise  the  Lord  that  seek  him: 
e  John  6. 51.  Your  heart  'shall  live  for  ever. 

/Ps.  2. 8.  Is.  49.   27  All  f([^Q  gudg  of  the  world  shall  remember  and  turn  unto  the  Lord  : 
f  Ps.  96. 7.  And  'all  the  kindreds  of  the  nations  shall  worship  before  thee. 

A  Ps.  47. 8.  obad.  28  Yor  "the  kingdom  is  the  Lord's  : 

Mat.\  13.  '  And  he  is  the  governor  among  the  nations. 

iPs.45. 12.        29  All  Hhey  that  be  fat  upon  earth  shall  eat  and  worship  : 
;js.^26. 19.  Phil.        ,^jj  ^^j^gy  ^j^^^.  gQ  Jq^j^  ^^  ^^Q  jl^gj.  gj^^ii  ^^^  before  him  ; 

VOL.  I.  59 


466 


DAVID'S  PROPHETIC  PSALMS.  [Period  IV. 


And  none  can  keep  alive  his  own  soul. 
3°  A  seed  shall  serve  him  ; 
fcPs.  87. 6,  ii  *shall  be  accounted  to  the  Lord  for  a  generation. 

'I sJeVo-'a!  2i;  2^  They  'shall  come,  and  shall  declare  his  righteousness 
22-  '       Unto  a  people  that  shall  be  born,  that  he  hath  done  this. 


PSALM   XVI. 


•  Or,  ^  golden 
P^alm  of  David. 
So  Ps.  56  to  60. 

a  See  Ps.  25.  20. 


t  Or,  g-ive  gifts  to 

another. 
e  Ex.  23.  13.  Joa. 

23.  7.  Ho.  2.  16, 

17. 
d  De.  32.  9.  Ps. 

73.  26.  Je.  10. 

16.  La.  3.  24. 
J  Heb.  mtj  part. 
ePs.  11.  6. 
/P3.  17.  3. 
g  Ac.  2.  25,  &.C. 
A  Ps.  73.  23. 
i  Ps.  15.  5. 
j  Ps.  30.  12. 
*  Heb.  dwell  con- 
fidently. 
k  Ps.  49.  15.  Ac. 

2.  27,  31.  &  13. 

35. 
I  he.  19.  28.  Nu. 

6.  6. 
m  Mat.  7.  14. 
n  Ps.  17.  15.  Mat. 

5.  8.  1  Co.  13. 

12.  1  Jo.  3.  2. 
o  Ps.  36.  8. 


PSALM    XVI. 

David,  in  distnist  of  merits,  and  hatred  of  idolatry,  Jieeth  to  God  for  preserration.   5  He  sJiowelhtht 

hope  of  his  calling,  of  the  resurrection,  and  life  everlasting. 

*Michtain  of  David. 

^  Preserve  me,  O  God  ; 

For  "in  thee  do  I  put  my  trust. 
^  O  my  soul,  thou  hast  said  unto  the  Lord, 

"  Thou  art  my  Lord  :  my  ''goodness  extendeth  not  to  thee  ; 
3  But  to  the  saints  that  are  in  the  earth, 

And  to  the  excellent,  in  whom  is  all  my  delight." 
"*  Their  sorrows  shall  be  multiplied  that  thasten  after  another  god  : 

Their  drink  offerings  of  blood  will  I  not  offer. 

Nor  'take  up  their  names  into  my  lips, 
^  The  ''Lord  is  the  portion  of  tmine  inheritance  and  'of  my  cup : 

Thou  maintainest  my  lot. 
^  The  lines  are  fallen  unto  me  in  pleasant  places  ; 

Yea,  I  have  a  goodly  heritage. 

'  I  will  bless  the  Lord,  who  hath  given  me  counsel  : 

My  -^reins  also  instruct  me  in  the  night  seasons. 
^  I  ^have  set  the  Lord  always  before  me  : 

Because  Mie  is  at  my  right  hand,  'I  shall  not  be  moved. 
9  Therefore  my  heart  is  glad,  ^and  my  glory  rejoiceth: 

My  flesh  also  shall  *rest  in  hope. 
^°  For  Hhou  wilt  not  leave  'my  soul  in  hell ; 

Neither  wilt  thou  suffer  thy  Holy  One  to  see  corruption. 
^^  Thou  wilt  show  me  "the  path  of  hfe  : 

In  "thy  presence  is  fulness  of  joy  ; 

At  "thy  right  hand  there  are  pleasures  for  evermore. 


PS.  CXVIII. 


a  1  Ch.  Ifi.  8,  34. 
Ps.  106.  1. 


h  See  Ps.  115. 


cPa.  120.   I. 
*  Heb.  out  o/dis 

tress, 
d  I's.  1^.  10. 
ePs.  27.  ].  Is.  51 

12.  lie.  13.  C. 
tll-b./.-rm.. 
/Ps.  54.  4. 
g  Ps.  5i).  10. 
h  I's.  40.  4.  Jc. 

17.  5,  7. 
iPs.  146.3. 


%  Heb.  cut  than 
tiff. 


PSALM   CXVIIL 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God  for  his  mercij.  5  The  psalmist  by  his  e.rperience  shov^eth  hmo  good  it 
is  to  trust  in  God.  19  Under  the  type  of  the  psalmist  the  coming  oj  Chiist  m  his  kingdom  i» 
expressed. 

1  O  "give  thanks  unto  the  Lord  ;  for  he  is  good  : 

Because  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
2  Let  ''Israel  now  say, 

That  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
^  Let  the  house  of  Aaron  now  say, 

That  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
^  Let  them  now  that  fear  the  Lord  say, 

That  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

^  I  'called  upon  the  Lord  *in  distress : 

The  Lord  answered  me,  and  "set  me  in  a  large  place. 
•^  The  'Lord  is  ton  my  side  ; 

I  will  not  fear — what  can  man  do  unto  mc  ? 
■^  The  -^LoRD  taketh  my  part  with  them  that  help  me  : 

Therefore  shall  'l  see  my  desire  upon  them  that  hate  me. 
^  It  'is  better  to  trust  in  the  Lord 

Than  to  put  confidoncc  in  man. 
^  It  'is  better  to  trust  in  the  Lord 

Than  to  put  confidence  in  princes. 
^^  All  nations  compassed  me  about ; 

But  in  the,  name  of  tlie  Lord  will  I  Idestroy  them. 


DAVID'S  PROPHETIC  PSALMS. 


467 


c  Mat.  21.  42. 

Ac.  4.  11.  Epli 

2.  20.  1  Pe.  2, 

4,7. 
t  Heb.  from  tke 

LORD. 


.  21.  9.  & 

).  SeeZe. 


^^  They  -'compassed  me  about, 

Yea,  they  compassed  me  about ; 

But  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  I  will  destroy  them. 
^^  They  compassed  me  about  Mike  bees, 

They  are  quenched  'as  the  fire  of  thorns ; 

For  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  I  will  *destroy  them. 
13  Thou  hast  thrust  sore  at  me  that  I  might  fall ; 

But  the  Lord  helped  me. 

1^  The  ""Lord  is  my  strength  and  song, 

And  is  become  my  salvation. 
15  The  voice  of  rejoicing  and  salvation  is  in  the  tabernacles  of  the 

The  right  hand  of  the  Lord  doeth  valiantly.  [righteous: 

1^  The  "right  hand  of  the  Lord  is  exalted  : 

The  right  hand  of  the  Lord  doeth  valiantly. 
1'  I  "shall  not  die,  but  live. 

And  ^declare  the  works  of  the  Lord. 
1^  The  Lord  hath  'chastened  me  sore  ; 

But  he  hath  not  given  me  over  unto  death. 
1^  Open  ''to  me  the  gates  of  righteousness : 

I  will  go  into  them,  and  I  will  praise  the  Lord — 

20  This  'gate  of  the  Lord, 

Into  'which  the  righteous  shall  enter. 

21  I  will  praise  thee  ;  for  thou  hast  "heard  me, 
And  art  become  my  salvation. 

22  The  "stone  which  the  builders  refused 
Is  become  the  head  stone  of  the  corner. 

23  This  is  tthe  Lord's  doing ; 
It  is  marvellous  in  our  eyes. 

2'*  This  is  the  day  which  the  Lord  hath  made ; 
We  will  rejoice  and  be  glad  in  it. 

25  Save  now,  I  beseech  thee,  O  Lord  : 

O  Lord,  I  beseech  thee,  send  now  prosperity. 

26  Blessed  "be  he  that  cometh  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  ! 
We  have  blessed  you  out  of  the  house  of  the  Lord. 

2^  God  is  the  Lord,  which  hath  showed  us  ""light : 
Bind  the  sacrifice  with  cords,  even  unto  the  horns  of  the  altar. 

28  Thou  art  my  God,  and  I  will  praise  thee  : 
Thou  ^art  my  God,  I  will  exalt  thee. 

29  O  give  thanks  unto  the  Lord  ;  for  he  is  good  : 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 


a  Mat.  22. 44.  Ac. 
2.  34.  1  Co.  15. 
25.  He.  1.  13. 
1  Pe.  3.  22.  See 
Ps.  45.  6,  7. 


*  Or,  More  than 
tke  womb  of  the 
morning ;  thou, 
shall  have,  4'c. 

d  Na.  23.  19. 

eGe.  14.  18. 

fPs.  16.  8. 

g  Ps.  2.  5,  12. 
Ro.  2.  5.  Re.  11. 
18. 


PSALM  ex. 

T%e  kingdom,  4  the  priesthood,  5  the  conquest,  7  and  the  passion  of  Christ. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  The  "Lord  said  unto  my  Lord, 
Sit  thou  at  my  right  hand. 
Until  I  make  thine  enemies  thy  footstool. 

2  The  Lord  shall  send  the  rod  of  thy  strength  out  of  Zion  : 
Rule  thou  in  the  midst  of  thine  enemies. 

3  Thy  'people  shall  be  willing  in  the  day  of  thy  power,  'in  the  beauties 

of  holiness 
*From  the  womb  of  the  morning ;  thou  hast  the  dew  of  thy  youth. 
*  The  Lord  hath  sworn,  and  ''will  not  repent, 
"  Thou  'art  a  priest  for  ever  after  the  order  of  Melchizedek." 

5  The  Lord  ^at  thy  right  hand 

Shall  strike  through  kings  ^in  the  day  of  his  wrath. 

6  He  shall  judge  among  the  heathen. 


468  WAR  WITH  THE  SURROUNDING  NATIONS.     [Period  IV. 

APs.68.21.  Hab.  He  shall  fill  the  places  with  the  dead  bodies  ; 

3- 13.  He  ''shall  wound  the  heads  over  fmany  countries. 

ul'i^Z'e.  '  He  *shall  drink  of  the  brook  in  the  Avay  : 

j  Is.  53. 12.  Therefore  ^shall  he  lift  up  the  head. 


Section  VIII. —  War  tcith  the  surrounding  Nations. 

SFPT    VIII 

'  ■  2  Sam.  viii.  1-12.— 1  Chron.  xviii.  12.— 2  Sam.  viii.  14,  to  the  end,  and  13.— 1  Kings  xi. 

A   M   2964  15-20. — Psalm  Ix.  and  cviii. — 1  Chron.  xviii.  1-11,  13,  to  the  end. 

B.  C.  1040.  David  subdueth  the  Philistines  and  the.  Moabites.  He  smiteth  Hadadezer,  and  the  Syrians.  Tori 
Hales   1052  sendeth  Joram  with  presents  to  bless  liim.     The  presents  and  the  spoil  Dai-id  dedicateth  to  God. 

„„      '.„  ,!  He  mitteth  sarrisons  in  Edom.     David's  officers.     The  Edomiles  are  all  destroyed  except  Hadad, 

Valleyof Salt.  ^,J,,capeTto  Egypt. 

^  And  after  this  it  came  to  pass,  that  David  smote  the   Philistines, 
*  Or,  the  bridUof  and  subdued  them;  and  David  took  *Metheg-ammah  out  of  the  hand 
a:sT'24.}7.        of  the  Philistines.  ^  And  "he  smote   Moab,  and  measured  them  with 
a  line,  casting  them  down  to  the  ground  ;  even  with  two  lines  measured 
he  to  put  to  death,  and  with  one  full  line  to  keep  alive.    And  so  the 
6 P8. 72.  lo.^see    Moabitcs  bccamc  David's  servants,  and  'brought  gifts, 
t  Or,  Hadarezer,       ^  David  smotc  also  tHadadczer,  the  son  of  Rehob,  king  of  'Zobah, 
ePsVutie^      as  he  went  to  recover  "his  border  at  the  river  Euphrates.  ^  And  David 
dSeeGe.y.18.   took  tfrom  him  a  thousand  chariots,  and  seven  hundred  horsemen,  and 
tO:, of  his.         twenty  thousand  footmen;  and  David  'houghed  all  the  chariot  horses, 
« jo8.  n.  6,9.      ^^^  reserved  of  them  for  an  hundred  chariots.  ^  And  when  the  Syrians 
of  Damascus  came  to  succour  Hadadezer  king  of  Zobah,  David  slew 
of  the  Syrians  two  and  twenty  thousand  men.  "^Then  David  put  gar- 
risons in   Syria  of  Damascus ;  and  the  Syrians  became  servants  to 
/2Sa.7.9.         David,  and  brought  gifts.  -^And  the  Lord  preserved  David  whitherso- 
e  See  1  Ki.  10.     evcr  he  went.  ''  And  David  took  "the  shields  of  gold  that  were  on  the 
^^'  servants  of  Hadadezer,  and  brought  them  to  Jerusalem.  ^  And  from 

*0i,  Tibhath.  *Betah,  and  from  tBerothai,  cities  of  Hadadezer,  king  David  took 
^or,^Chun,ich.  exceeding  much  brass. 

t  Ton,  1  ch.  9  When  tToi  king  of  Hamath  heard  that  David  had  smitten  all  the 

j\%^h.]8.io,  'lost  of  Hadadezer,  ^^  then  Toi  sent  ''Joram  his  son  unto  king  David, 
Hado^am.  '  ^q  *salute  him,  and  to  bless  him,  because  he  had  fought  against  Hadad- 
*;,"t'"''""'-^  ezer,  and  smitten  him;  for  Hadadezer  fhad  wars  with  Toi.  And 
tHeb.^u;^  a 7nan  Joram  tbrought  with  him  vessels  of  silver,  and  vessels  of  gold,  and 
/HrrLlitoid  vessels  of  brass ;  ^^  which  also  king  David  'did  dedicate  unto  the 
.""^'-  Lord,  with  the  silver  and  gold  that  he  had  dedicated  of  all   nations 

,iK..7.5i.        ^^j^.^j^  j^^  subdued;    ^'-^of  Syria,  and  of  Moab,  and  of  the  children  of 
Ammon,  and  of  the   Philistines,  and  of  Amalek,  and  of  the   spoil  of 
y     Hadadezer,  son  of  Rehob,  king  of  Zobah. 

•  Heb.  Msim.  12  Morcovcr  *  Abishai  the  son  of  Zeruiah  slew  of  the  Edom-     ^^"'^ jf," 

ites  in  the  valley  of  Salt  eighteen  thousand. 

i^And  he  put  garrisons  in  Edom;  throughout  all  Edom  put  ^3^*^"' J^'J)" 

iGe.^.29,37,    he  garrisons,  and 'all  they  of  Edom  became  David's  servants,  ij..'  ' 

And  the  Lord  preserved  David  Avhithersoever  he  went.  ^^  And  David 

reigned  over  all  Lsrael ;  and  David  executed  judgment  and  justice  unto 

all  his  people.  ^"^  And  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah  was  over  the  host  ;  and 

^°r' 0^,^"*^"/  Jehoshaphat  the  son  of  Ahilud  was  f  recorder  ;  ^''and  Zadok  the  son  of 

IZ-'onicilT  "" "    Ahitub,  and  Ahimelech  the  son  of  Abiathar,  were  the  priests  ;  and  Serai- 

t  Or,  secretary.     ^^  ^^^  ^],g  jscribc  ;  ^^  aud  Beuaiali  the  son  of  Jehoiada  was  over  both 

♦  of"'  1nc« "  *^^  *Cherethites  and  the  Pelethites ;  and  David's  sons  were  *chief  rulers. 
*2Sa.^o?2G;  13  And  David  gat  him  a  name  when  he  returned  from  tsmiting  of 
tH|b.A«*mi«-     ^|jg  Syrians  in  the  valley  of  Salt,  tbeing  eighteen  thousand  men.*'*' 

t  Or,  siayi»s.  '^  For  it  camc  to  pass,  when  David  was   in   Edom,  and  l  Kings  xi. 

Joab  the  captain  of  the  host  was  gone  up  to  bury  the  slain, 

{^*)  The  gradual  fulfilment  of  the  ancient  prophe-     By  this  conquest  of  Edom,  the  prediction  of  Isaac 
cies  of  their  ancestors  must  have  made  a  deep  im-     (Gen.  xxvii.  ver.  40.)  was  accomplished, 
pression  on  the  minds  of  tlie  reflecting  Israelites. — 


Part  VIL] 


CONQUEST  OF  THE  EDOMITES. 


469 


zNu.  24.  19.  De.  'after  he  had  smitten  every  male  in  Edom  ;  ^^  (for  six  months  did 
Joab  remain  there  with  all  Israel,  until  he  had  cut  off  every  male  in 
Edom :)  ^'^  that  Hadad  fled,  he  and  certain  Edomites  of  his  father's 
servants  with  him,  to  go  into  Egypt ;  Hadad  being  yet  a  little  child. 
^^  And  they  arose  out  of  Midian,  and  came  to  Paran :  and  they  took 
men  with  them  out  of  Paran,  and  they  came  to  Egypt,  unto  Pharaoh 
king  of  Egypt ;  which  gave  him  a  house,  and  appointed  him  victuals, 
and  gave  him  land.  ^^  And  Hadad  found  great  favor  in  the  sight  of 
Pharaoh,  so  that  he  gave  him  to  wife  the  sister  of  his  own  wife,  the 
sister  of  Tahpenes  the  queen.  -°  And  the  sister  of  Tahpenes  bare  him 
Genubath  his  son,  whom  Tahpenes  weaned  in  Pharaoh's  house  :  and 
Genubath  was  in  Pharaoh's  household  among  the  sons  of  Pharaoh. 

PSALM  LX.  PSALM  LX.(55) 

David,  complaining  to  God  of  former  judgment,  4  noio,  upon  better  hope,  praijeth  for  deliverance. 

6  ComfortingJiimself  in  God's  promises,  he  craveth  that  help  whereon  lie  trusteth. 
To  the  chief  Musician  *upon  Shushan-eduth,  fMichtam  of  David,  to  teach;  when  he  strove  with 
Aram-naharaim  and  with  Aram-zobah,  when  Joab  returned,  and  smote  of  Edom  in  the  valley 
of  Salt  twelve  thousand. 

1  O  God,  "thou  hast  cast  us  off,  thou  hast  tscattered  us. 

Thou  hast  been  displeased — O  turn  thyself  to  us  again. 
2  Thou  hast  made  the  earth  to  tremble  ;  thou  hast  broken  it : 

Heal  Hhe  breaches  thereof;  for  it  shaketh. 
^  Thou  'hast  showed  thy  people  hard  things : 

Thou  ''hast  made  us  to  drink  the  wine  of  astonishment. 
'*  Thou  'hast  given  a  banner  to  them  that  fear  thee, 

That  it  may  be  displayed  because  of  the  truth.     Selah ! 
^  That  -^thy  beloved  may  be  delivered  ; 

Save  with  thy  right  hand,  and  hear  me. 
^  God  hath  ^spoken  in  his  holiness ; 

I  will  rejoice,  I  will  ''divide  Shechem, 

And  mete  out  'the  valley  of  Succoth. 
■^  Gilead  is  mine,  and  Manasseh  is  mine  ; 

Ephraim  ^also  is  the  strength  of  my  head ; 

Judah  ''is  my  lawgiver  ; 
^  Moab  is  my  washpot ; 

Over  'Edom  will  I  cast  out  my  shoe : 

Philistia,  *  triumph  thou  because  of  me. 

^  Who  will  bring  me  into  the  tstrong  city  ? 

Who  will  lead  me  into  Edom  ? 

10  Wilt  not  thou,  O  God,  which  '"hadst  cast  us  off? 
And  thou,  O  God,  which  didst  "not  go  out  with  our  armies  ? 

11  Give  us  help  from  trouble  ; 
For  "vain  is  the  thelp  of  man. 

1^  Through  God  ''we  shall  do  valiantly  ; 
For  he  it  is  that  shall  'tread  down  our  enemies. 


*  Ps.  80,  title, 
t  Or,  M  golden 
Psalm. 
aPs.  44.9. 
X  Heb.  broken. 


b  2  Oh.  7.  14. 
c  Ps.  71.  20. 

dis.  51.  17,22. 
Je.25.  15. 
e  Pa.  20.  5. 

/Ps.  108.  6,  &c. 

g-Ps.  89.35. 
/t  Jos.  1.6. 
i  Jos.  13.  27. 

j  See  De.  33.  17. 


IPs.  108.9. 
*  Or,  triumph 

thou,  over  me  ; 

(bv  an  irony :) 

See  Ps.  108.   10, 
t  Heb.  citij  of 

strength.  2  Sa. 

11.  1.&  12.26. 
VI  Ps.  44.  9. 
71  Jos.  7.  12. 
oPs.  111.8. 
i  Heb.  salvation. 
p  Nu.  24.  18. 

1  Ch.  19.  13. 
5  Is.  63.  3. 


PSALM  CVIIL  PSALM   CVIIL 

David  encourageth  himself  to  praise  God.     5  He  prayeth  for  God's  assistance  according  to   his 

promise.     11  His  confidence  in  God's  help. 

A  Song  or  Psalm  of  David. 

"  P^-  ^7-  "^^  1  O  ''God,  my  heart  is  fixed  ; 

I  will  sing  and  give  praise, 

Even  with  my  glory. 
b  Ps.  57. 8-11.        2  Awake,  ^psaltery  and  harp  : 

I  myself  will  awake  early. 


(^*)  Psalm  Ix.  is  inserted  here  on  the  joint  author-  stance  as  the  sixtieth  ;  and  as  that  doth  tell  in  the 

ity  of  Lightfoot,  and  the  ancient  title.  title,  that  it  was  made  upon  Joab's  victory,  so  may 

Psalm  eviii. — "  After  the  13th  ver.  of  2  Sam.  viii.  it  be  well  conceived  that  this  was  made  upon  that 

this  Psalm  is  to  be  inserted,  being  the  same  in  sub-  of  Abishai." — Lightfoot. 

VOL.    I.  2n 


470  KINDNESS  OF  DAVID  TO  THE  HOUSE  OF  SAUL.     [Period  IV. 

^  I  will  praise  thee,  O  Lord,  among  the  people  : 

And  I  will  sing  praises  unto  thee  among  the  nations. 
^  For  thy  mercy  is  great  above  the  heavens  ; 

*  Or.sAiee.  And  thy  truth  reacheth  unto  the  *  clouds. 
eP8.57.5,ii.       5  Be  'thou  cxaltcd,  O  God,  above  the  heavens, 

And  thy  glory  above  all  the  earth  ; 
d  Ps.  60. 5,  &c.      c  That  ''thy  beloved  may  be  delivered  : 

Save  with  thy  right  hand,  and  answer  me. 

'  God  hath  spoken  in  his  holiness  ; 
I  will  rejoice,  I  will  divide  Shechem, 
And  mete  out  the  valley  of  Succoth. 
^  Gilead  is  mine  ;  Manasseh  is  mine ; 
Ephraim  also  is  the  strength  of  my  head  ; 
«Ge.  49. 10.  Judah  'is  my  lawgiver  ; 

9  Moab  is  my  washpot ; 
Over  Edom  will  I  cast  out  my  shoe  ; 
Over  Philistia  will  I  triuniph. 

'"  Who  will  bring  me  into  the  strong  city  ? 
Who  will  lead  me  into  Edom  ? 
^^  Wilt  not  thou,  O  God,  who  hast  cast  us  off? 

And  wilt  not  thou,  O  God,  go  forth  with  our  hosts  ? 
^'2  Give  us  help  from  trouble  ; 

For  vain  is  the  help  of  man. 
13  Through  God  we  shall  do  valiantly  ; 

For  he  it  is  that  shall  tread  down  our  enemies. 

1  Chron.  xviii.  1-11 ,  13,  <o  the  end. — '  Now  after  this  it  came  to  pass,  that  David  smote 
the  Philistines,  and  subdued  them,  and  took  Gath  and  her  towns  out  of  the  hand  of  the 
PhiUstines.  ^  And  he  smote  Moab ;  and  the  Moabites  became  David's  servants,  and 
brought  gifts. 

*  Or,  Hadadczcr.  3  And  David  smote  *Hadarezer  king  of  Zobah  unto  Hamath,  as  he  went  to  stabUsh  his 
2  Sa.  8.  3.  dominion  by  the  river  Euphrates.  "•  And  David  took  from  him   a  thousand  chariots,  and 

a  2  Sa.  8.  4,  «cuen  "seven  tliousand  horsemen,  and  twenty  thousand  footmen  :  David  also  houghed  all  the 
hundred.  chariot  horses,  but  reserved  of  them  an  hundred  chariots.  *  And  when  the   Syrians  of 

t  Heb.  Darmesek.  t  Damascus  came  to  help  Hadarezer  king  of  Zobah,  David  slew  of  the  Syrians  two  and 
twenty  thousand  men.  *Then  David  put  garrisons  in  Syria-damascus  ;  and  the  Syrians 
became  David's  servants,  and  brought  gifts.    Thus  the  Lord  preserved  David  whitherso- 

1  Called  in  the  ever  he  went.  '  And  David  took  the  shields  of  gold  that  were  on  the  servants  of  Hadarezer, 
second  Book  of  j^jjjj  brouo-ht  them  to  Jerusalem.  **  Likewise  from|Tibhath,  and  from  Chun,  cities  of 
and'serMat'      Hadarezer,  brought  David  very  much  brass,  wherewith  i-Soloraon  made  the  brazen  sea, 

6  1  Ki.  7.  1.5,  23.     and  the  pillars,  and  the  vessels  of  brass. 
2  Ch.  4.  2, 15,  9  ^^^^  when  'Tou  king  of  Hamath  heard  how  David  had  smitten  all  the  host  of  Hada- 

*  Or  Toi  2  Sa.  rezer,  king  of  Zobah  ;  '"  he  sent  tHadoram  his  son  to  king  David,  Jto  inquire  of  his  welfare, 
8.  U.  and  *to  congratulate  him,  because  he  had  fought  against  Hadarezer,  and  smitten  him  ; 

t  Or,  Jirrain.  ^for  Hadarezer  thad  war  with  Tou  ;)  and  with  him  all  manner  of  vessels  of  gold  and  silver 

2  Sa.  8.  10.  ^^^  brass.  "  Them  also  king  David  dedicated  unto  the  Lord,  with  the  silver  and  the  gold 

*  Heb  "tlblJs.  t'l'i'^  he  broiight  from  all  these  nations  ;  from  Edom,  and  from  Moab,  and  from  the  chil- 
\Heh.  7Basiheinan  dren  of  Ammon,  and  from  the  Philistines,  and  from  Amalek.— '^  And  he  put  garrisons  in 

of  wars.  Edom  ;  and  all  the  Edomites  became  David's  servants.     Thus  the  Lord  preserved  David 

^bi^a'nleT"^  whithcrsoevor  he  went. 

*  Calkd  jJAimc-  '*  ^"  David  reigned  over  all  Israel,  and  executed  judgment  and  justice  among  all  his 
iecA,  2  Sa.  8.  17.  people.  '^  And  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah  was  over  the  host ;  and  Jehoshaphat  the  son  of 

t  Called  Sm/i'o/t,  Ahilud  ^recorder.  '"And  Zadok  the  son  of  Ahitub,  and  ^Abimelech  the  son  of  Abiathar, 

Ito/iat  1  Ki""l.  were  the  priests ;  and  f  Shavsha  was  scribe  ;  ''  and  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada  was  over 

3.       '  the  Chcrethites  and  the  Pelethites  ;  and  the  sons  of  David  were  chief  tabout  the  king. 

J  Heb.  at  Uie 

hand  of  the  king.  gp(..j,ioN    IX.— Kind  lira  ii  of  Dovid  to  the  House  of  Saul ;— War  with  the 

Ammonites  and  Syrians,  who  are  defeated. 

SECT.  IX.  -  Sam.  iv.  4.  and  chap,  ix.,  x.— Psalms  xx.  and  xxi.— 1  Chron.  xix. 

David  by  Ziba  se.ndeth  for  Mephihosheth.     7  For  Jonathan's  sake  lie  entertaineth  him  at  his  table, 

and  restoreth  him  all  that  was  Said's.     9  Hevtakelh  Ziba  his  farmer.  —  Chap.  x.  1  David's  7nes- 
senzers.  sent  to  comfort  Hanun  the  son  of  Nahash,  are  rillanimsly  entreated.     G  The  Ammonites, 


A.  M.  2966 

■  strengthened  by  the  Syrians,  are  overcome  by  Joab  and  Ahishai.     13  Sliobach,  making  a  new 


Hales,  1052.  supply  of  the  Syrians  at  IMum,  is  slain  by  David. 

'^  And  Jonathan,  Saul's  son,  had  a  son  that  was  lame  of  his  feet :  he 


1  Gh.  8.  3i 
40. 
6  1  Sa.  18.  3.  . 
20.  14-17,  4-2 
Pr.  27.  10, 


Part  VII.]  WAR  WITH  THE  AMMONITES  AND  SYRIANS.  471 

aisa.29. 1,11.  was  five  ycais  old  when  the  tidings  came  of  Saul  and  Jonathan  ''out 
of  Jezreel,  and  his  nurse  took  him  up,  and  fled :  and  it  came  to  pass, 
as  she  made  haste  to  flee,  that  he  fell,  and  became  lame.  And  his  name 
»  Or,  Merib-baai,  was  *Mephibosheth. 
"'  "  "'  "  "  1  ^jj(i  David  said,  "  Is  there  yet  any  that  is  left  of  the  house  of  Saul, 
that  I  may  'show  him  kindness  for  Jonathan's  sake?"  -And  there 
was  of  the  house  of  Saul  a  servant  whose  name  was  'Ziba.  And  when 
2Sa.  16.1.  they  had  called  him  unto  David,  the  king  said  unto  him,  "Art  thou 
Ziba?"  And  he  said,  "Thy  servant  is  he."  ^And  the  king  said,  "Is 
disa.20. 14.  there  not  yet  any  of  the  house  of  Saul,  that  I  may  show  ''the  kind- 
ness of  God  unto  him  ?  "  And  Ziba  said  unto  the  king,  "  Jonathan  hath 
yet  a  son,  which  is  lame  on  his  feet."  ^  And  the  king  said  unto  him, 
"  Where  is  he  ? "  And  Ziba  said  unto  the  king,  "  Behold,  he  is  in  the 
e2Sa  17.27.       housc  of  'Machir,  the  son  of  Ammiel,  in  Lo-debar." 

^  Then  king  David  sent,  and  fetched  him  out  of  the  house  of  Ma- 

*fta^"f  cifr34   c^"'^'"'  t'^^  ^*^"  ^^  Ammiel,  from  Lo-debar.  ^  Now  when  *Mephibosheth, 

■  ■    ■  the  son  of  Jonathan,  the  son  of  Saul,  was  come  unto  David,  he  fell 

on  his  face,  and  did  reverence.     And  David  said,  "  Mephibosheth  !  " 

And  he  answered,  "  Behold  thy  servant !  " 

^  And  David  said  unto  him,  "  Fear  not:  for  I  will  surely  show  thee 
kindness  for  Jonathan  thy  father's  sake,  and  will  restore  thee  all  the 
land  of  Saul  thy  father ;  and  thou  shalt  eat  bread  at  my  table  contin- 
ually." ^  And  he  bowed  himself,  and  said,  "  What  is  thy  servant,  that 
/isa.24.14.       thou  shouldcst  look  upon  such  -^a  dead  dog  as  I 


2  Sa.  16.  9, 


am 


'^  Then  the  king  called  to  Ziba,  Saul's  servant,  and  said  unto  him, 

g- See  2^sa.  16.4.  u  J  ^havc  givcu  unto  thy  master's  son  all  that  pertained  to  Saul  and  to 

^^^■'^'  all  his  house.  ^''Thou  therefore,  and  thy  sons,  and  thy  servants,  shall 

till  the  land  for  him,  and  thou  shalt  bring  in  the  fruits,  that  thy  master's 

A2Sa.  19.28.      son  may  have  food  to  eat  ;   but  Mephibosheth  thy  master's  son  "shall 

eat  bread  always  at  my  table."  Now  Ziba  had  fifteen  sons  and  twenty 

servants.    "  Then  said  Ziba  unto  the  king,  "  According  to  all  that  my 

lord  the  king  hath  commanded  his  servant,  so  shall  thy  servant  do." 

"  As  for  Mephibosheth,"  said  the  king,  "  he  shall  eat  at  my  table,  as  one 

i  1  ch.  8.  34.       of  the  king's  sons."  ^'-^  And  Mephibosheth  had  a  young  son,  'whose  name 

was  Micha.     And  all   that  dwelt  in  the  house   of  Ziba  were  servants 

unto  Mephibosheth.  ^^  So  Mephibosheth   dwelt  in  Jerusalem :   for  he 

did  eat  continually  at  the  king's  table  ;  and  was  lame  on  both  his  feet. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  the  king  of  the  chil-     2  Sam.  x. 

dren  of  Ammon  died,  and  Hanun  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Then  said  David,  "I  will  show  kindness  unto  Hanun  the  son  of  Na- 

hash,  as  his  father  showed  kindness   unto  me."   And    David  sent  to 

comfort  him  by  the  hand  of  his  servants  for  his  father.     And  David's 

servants  came  into  the  land  of  the  children    of  Ammon.  ^  And    the 

t  Heb.  ■'/„  thiM    princes  of  the  children  of  Ammon  said  unto  Hanun  their  lord,  "  tThink- 

ey^s^dothDa-       ^^^  ^,^^^^  ^^^^^  David  doth  hoQor  thy  father,  that  he  hath  sent  comforters 

unto  thee  ?  hath  not  David  rather  sent  his  servants  unto  thee,  to  search 

the  city,  and  to  spy  it  out,  and  to  overthrow  it  ?  "  ^  Wherefore  Hanun 

took  David's  servants,  and  shaved  off"  the  one  half  of  their  beards,  and 

J  Is.  20. 4.  &  47.    cut  ofl"  their  garments  in  the  middle  ^even  to  their  buttocks,  and  sent 

^-  them  away.  ^  When  they  told  it  unto  David,  he  sent  to  meet  them, 

because  the  men  were  greatly  ashamed  ;  and  the  king  said,  "  Tarry  at 

Jericlio  until  your  beards  be  grown,  and  then  return." 

ft  Sec  Ge.  34. 30.       ^  Aiid  whcu  the  children   of  Ammon  saw  that  they  *stank  before 

J 2  Sa.  8.3,5.       David,  the  children  of  Ammon  sent  and  hired  'the  Syrians  of  Beth- 

or  th^wn,  of    rehob,  and  the  Syrians  of  Zoba,  twenty  thousand  footmen,  and  of  king 

Tob:  see  Ja.ii.  Maacah  a  thousand  men,  and  of  llsh-tob  twelve  thousand  men.  "^  And 

J2^sa.23.8.       when  David  heard  of  it,  he  sent  Joab,  and  all  the  host  of  "the  mighty 


472 


DEFEAT  OP  THE  AMMONITES  AND  SYRIANS.    [Period  IV. 


0  1  Sa.  4.  9. 
1  Co.  16.  13. 

p  1  Sa.  3.  18. 


•Tliatis,£«;)A7- 


men.  ^  And  the  children  of  Amnion  came  out,  and  put  the  battle  in 
array  at  the  entering  in  of  the  gate  ;  and  the  Syrians  of  Zoba,  and  of 
Rehob,  and  Ish-tob,  and  Maacah,  were  by  themselves  in  the  field. 
^  When  Joab  saw  that  the  front  of  the  battle  was  against  him  before 
and  behind,  he  chose  of  all  the  choice  men  of  Israel,  and  put  them  in 
array  against  the  Syrians  ;  ^^  and  the  rest  of  the  people  he  delivered 
into  the  hand  of  Abishai  his  brother,  that  he  might  put  them  in  array 
against  the  children  of  Ammon.  ^'  And  lie  said,  "  If  the  Syrians  be  too 
strong  for  me,  then  thou  shall  help  me ;  but  if  the  children  of  Ammon 
be  too  strong  for  thee,  then  I  will  come  and  help  thee.  ^~  Be  "of  good 
courage,  and  let  us  "play  the  men  for  our  people,  and  for  the  cities  of 
our  God  ;  and  ''the  Lord  do  that  which  sceineth  him  good."  ^^  And 
Joab  drew  nigh,  and  the  people  that  were  with  him,  unto  the  battle 
against  the  Syrians  ;  and  they  fled  before  him.  ^"^  And  when  the  chil- 
dren of  Ammon  saw  that  the  Syrians  were  fled,  then  fled  they  also 
before  Abishai,  and  entered  into  the  city.  So  Joab  returned  from  the 
children  of  Ammon,  and  came  to  Jerusalem. 

1^  And  when  the  Syrians  saw  that  they  were  smitten  before  Israel, 
they  gathered  themselves  together.  ^'^  And  Hadarezer  sent,  and  brought 
out  the  Syrians  that  were  beyond  the  *  river  :  and  they  came  to  Helam ; 
and  tShobach  the  captain  of  the  host  of  Hadarezer  went  before  them. 
1''  And  when  it  was  told  David,  he  gathered  all  Israel  together,  and 
passed  over  Jordan,  and  came  to  Helam.  And  the  Syrians  set  them- 
selves in  array  against  David,  and  fought  with  him.  ^^  And  the  Syrians 
fled  before  Israel ;  and  David  slew  the  men  of  seven  hundred  chariots 
of  the  Syrians,  and  forty  thousand  'horsemen,  and  smote  Shobach  the 
captain  of  their  host,  who  died  there.  ^^  And  when  all  the  kings  that 
were  servants  to  Hadarezer  saw  that  they  were  smitten  before  Israel, 
they  made  peace  with  Israel,  and  '^served  them.  So  the  Syrians  feared 
to  help  the  children  of  Ammon  any  more. 


PSALJI  XX. 


a  Pr.  18.  10. 

*  Hel).  set  Vice  on 
a  high  place. 

t  Heb.  Lky  help. 
b  1  Ki.  6.  16. 

2  Ch.  20.  8.  Vs. 

73.  17. 
J  Heb.  support 

then. 

*  Heb.  turn  to 
ashes  -.  or,  make 
fat. 

cPs.  21.  2. 
d  Ps.  19.  4. 
e  Ex.  17.  15.  Ps. 
60.4. 


/  Ps.  2.  2. 

t  Heb.  from  the 

heaven  of  his  lio- 

liness. 
t  Ileb.  By  the 

sirnirrth  of  the 

salniUiiii  of  his 

ri^'ht  hand. 
e  Ps.  33.  II),  17. 

Pr.  21.  31.  Is. 

31.  1. 
h  2  Ch.  32.  8. 


PSALM    XX.(56) 

The  Church  blesscth  the  Icing  in  his  exploits.    7  Her  coiijidence  in  God's  succow: 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  The  Lord  hear  thee  in  the  day  of  trouble  ; 

The  "name  of  the  God  of  Jacob  *defend  thee. 
~  Send  tthee  help  from  Hhe  sanctuary. 

And  tstrengthen  thee  out  of  Zion. 
2  Remember  all  thy  offerings. 

And  *accept  thy  burnt  sacrifice.  Selah  ! 
4  Grant  'thee  according  to  thine  own  heart, 

And  fulfil  all  thy  counsel.        > 
^  We  will  ''rejoice  in  thy  salvation. 

And  'in  the  name  of  our  God  we  will  set  up  our  banners : 

The   Lord  fulfil  all  thy  petitions. 

^  Now  know  I  that  the  Lord  saveth  -^his  anointed  ; 

He  will  hear  him  tfrom  his  holy  heaven, 

tWith  the  saving  strength  of  his  right  hand. 
■^  Some  ^trust  in  chariots,  and  some  in  horses  : 

But  ''we  will  remember  the  name  of  the  Lord  our  God. 
^  They  are  brought  down  and  fallen : 

But  we  are  risen,  and  stand  upright. 
^  Save,  Lord  ! 

Let  the  king  hear  us  when  we  call. 


(56)  Psalms  XX.  and  xxi.  are  inserted  here  on  the  authority  of  Cahnet.     Vide  Home's   Critical  Introd. 
fo\.  ii.  p.  1*30. 


1  Ch.  20.  2. 
b  Pa.  61.  5,  6. 
c  2  Sa.  7.  19. 

Ps.  91.  16. 


16,  17,  19, 
Ps.  37. 28.  Is.  14. 


Part  VII.]  DEFEAT  OF  THE  AMMONITES  AND  SYRIANS.  473 

PSALMXXI.  -  PSALM   XXI. 

A  thanksgiving  for  victortj.     7  Conjdence  of  further  success. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  The  king  shall  joy  in  thy  strength,  O  Lord  ; 

And  in  thy  salvation  how  greatly  shall  he  rejoice ! 
2  Thou  hast  given  him  his  heart's  desire, 

And  hast  not  withholden  the  request  of  his  lips.  Selah  ! 
*.^i'/'°''''*'"'  3  For  thou  ^preventest  him  with  the  blessings  of  goodness : 
fl_2^a.^i2. 30.  Thou  "settest  a  crown  of  pure  gold  on  his  head. 

He  'asked  hfe  of  thee,  and  thou  gavest  it  him, 

Even  'length  of  days  for  ever  and  ever. 

His  glory  is  great  in  thy  salvation  : 

Honor  and  majesty  hast  thou  laid  upon  him. 

*  Heb.  set  him  to    6  Yov  thou  hast  *made  him  most  blessed  for  ever  : 

be  blessings.  Ge.  ,       ,   .  ,  ■  i      i        •    i        i  j. 

12. 2.  Ps.  72. 17.       Thou  ''hast  tmade  him  exceeding  glad  with  thy  countenance. 
'^45!"7!  Ac.^2.*28.    ''  For  the  king  trusteth  in  the  Lord, 

t  Heb.  gladded  And  through  the  mercy  of  the  Most  High  he  'shall  not  be  moved. 

J'S.Tt'  ^  Thy  hand  shall  ^find  out  all  thine  enemies  : 

/I  Sa.  31.  3.  Thy  right  hand  shall  find  out  those  that  hate  thee. 

g  Mai.  4. 1.  9  rpi-iQ^  'ahalt  make  them  as  a  fiery  oven  in  the  time  of  thine  anger : 

k  Ps.  56. 1, 2.  The  Lord  shall  ''swallow  them  up  in  his  wrath, 

i  Ps.  18. 8.  Is.  26.       And  Hhe  fire  shall  devour  them. 
jiKi.  i3.34.Job  ^°  Their  ^  fruit  shalt  thou  destroy  from  the  earth. 

And  their  seed  from  among  the  children  of  men. 
For  they  intended  evil  against  thee  :  , 

tPs.2. 1.  They  ^'imagined  a  mischievous  device, 

Which  they  are  not  able  to  perform. 
\?tVnrj''f''     ^^  Therefore  tshalt  thou  make  them  turn  their  *back, 

E'^i^FilVa        When  thou  shalt  make  ready  thine  arrows  upon  thy  strings 

3.12.    '    '    '       Against  the  face  of  them. 

*  Heb.  shoulder.    13  g^  ^|^q^  cxaltcd,  LoRD,  in  thine  own  strength : 

So  will  we  sing  and  praise  thy  power. 

1  Chron.  xix.— '  Now  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  Nahashthe  king  of  the  children 
of  Amnion  died,  and  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead.  ^  And  David  said, "  I  will  show  kindness 
unto  Hanun  the  son  of  Nahash,  because  his  father  showed  kindness  to  me."  And 
David  sent  messengers  to  comfort  him  concerning  his  father.  So  the  servants  of  David 
came  into  the  land  of  the  children  of  Amraon  to  Hanun,  to  comfort  him.  ^  But  the  princes 

*  Heb.  » In  thme  of  the  children  of  Ammon  said  to  Hanun,  "  *Thinkest  thou  that  David  doth  honor  thy 
eyesdoth David,"  fg^^^^^j.^  ^^^^  j^g  j^a^^j,  gg^t  comforters  unto  thee  ?  are  not  his  servants  come  unto  thee  for 

to  search,  and  to  overthrow,  and  to  spy  out  the  land  ?  "  ^Wherefore  Hanun  took  David's 
servants,  and  shaved  them,  and  cut  off  their  garments  in  the  midst  hard  by  their  buttocks, 
and  sent  them  away.  *  Then  there  went  certain,  and  told  David  how  the  men  were  served. 
And  he  sent  to  meet  them  ;  for  the  men  were  greatly  ashamed.  And  the  king  said,  "  Tarry 
at  Jericho  until  your  beards  be  grown,  and  then  return." 

t  Heb.  to  stink.  6  ji^j^f^  when  the  children  of  Ammon  saw  that  they  had  made  themselves  todious  to  David, 

Ge.  34.  30.  Hanun  and  the  children  of  Ammon  sent  a  thousand  talents  of  silver  to  hire  them  chariots 

a  1  Ch.  18.  5,  9.  and  horsemen  out  of  Mesopotamia,  and  out  of  Syria-maachah,  "and  out  of  Zobah.  ''  So 
they  hired  thirty  and  two  thousand  chariots,  and  the  king  of  Maachah  and  his  people  ; 
who  came  and  pitched  before  Medeba.  And  the  children  of  Ammon  gathered  themselves 
together  from  their  cities,  and  came  to  battle.  *  And  when  David  heard  of  it,  he  sent  Joab, 
and  all  the  host  of  the  mighty  men.  »  And  the  children  of  Ammon  came  out,  and  put  the 
battle  in  array  before  the  gate  of  the  city  ;  and  the  kings  that  were  come  were  by  them- 

X  Heb.  the  face  of  selves  in  the  held.  ^"  Now  when  Joab  saw  that  |the  battle  was  set  against  him  before  and 
the  batde  was.       behind,  he  chose  out  of  all  the  *choice  of  Israel,  and  put  them  in  array  against  the  Syrians. 

t  w'^'h  ^.X'f™'"'  "  ^""^  ^^^^  ^^^^  of  the  people  he  delivered  unto  the  hand  of  tAbishai  his  brother,  and  they 
get  themselves  in  array  against  the  children  of  Ammon.  '^  And  he  said,  "  If  the  Syrians 
be  too  strong  for  me,  then  thou  shalt  help  me  ;  but  if  the  children  of  Ammon  be  too  strong 
for  thee,  then  I  will  help  thee.  '■*  Be  of  good  courage,  and  let  us  behave  ourselves  valiantly 
for  our  people,  and  for  the  cities  of  our  God ;  and  let  the  Lord  do  that  which  is  good  in 
his  sight."  '■'So  Joab  and  the  people  that  were  with  him  drew  nigh  before  the  Syrians 

VOL.  I.  60  2n* 


474 


DAVID'S  ADULTERY  WITH  BATH-SHEBA.      [Period  IV. 


unto  the  battle  ;  and  they  fled  before  him.  '^  And  when  the  children  of  Ammon  saw  that 
the  Syrians  were  tied,  they  likewise  fled  before  Abishai  his  brother,  and  entered  into  the 
city.    Then  Joab  came  to  Jerusalem. 

'^  And  when  the  Syrians  saw  that  they  were  put  to  the  worse  before  Israel,  they  sent 

^Thatis, Euphra-  messengers,  and  drew  forth  the  Syrians  that  were  beyond  the  jriver;  and*Shophach  the 

•  Or  Shobach         captain  of  the  host  of  Hadarezer  went  before   them.  "  And  it  was  told  David  ;  and  he 

2Sa.  10.  16.'        gathered  all  Israel,  and  passed  over  Jordan,  and  came  upon  them,  and  set  the  battle  in 

array  against  them.    So  when  David  had  put  the  battle  in  array  against  the  Syrians,  they 

fought  with  him.  >*  But  the  Syrians  fled  before  Israel ;  and   David   slew  of  the   Syrians 

seven  thousand  men  which  fought  in  chariots,  and  forty  thousand  footmen,  and  killed 

Shophach  the  captain  of  the  host.  '^And  when  the  servants  of  Hadarezer  saw  that  they 

were  put  to  the  worse  before  Israel,  they  made  peace   with   David,  and  became  his  ser- 

vants;  neither  would  the  Syrians  help  the  children  of  Ammon  any  more. 


SECT.  X. 

A.  M.  2969. 

B.  C.  1035. 
Hales,  1053. 

Jerusalem. 


*  Heb.  at  the  re- 
turn of  the  year. 

1  Ki.  20.  -ii,  26. 

2  Ch.  36.  10. 


h  Ge.  34.  2.  Job 

31.  I.Mat.  5.  28 


t  Or,  Bath-shuah, 

1  Ch.  3.  .■). 
J  Or,  AmmieT. 
c  2  Sa.  2:i.  39. 
dPs.  51,  title.  Ja. 

1.  14. 
*  Or,  and  when 

she  Imd  purified 

hcrsrlf,  i^c.  she 

returned. 
e  Le.  15.  19,  28. 
t  Heb.  of  the 

peace  of,  ^-c. 

/Ge.  18.  4. 

J  Heb.  went  out 
after  him. 


g  2  Sa.  7.  2,  6. 
h  2  Sa.  20.  6. 


•  Heb.  strong. 
t  Heb.  from  after 


Section  X. — David's  Adultery  icith  Bath-shcba; — War  with  the  Ammon- 
ites ; — Nathan  reproves  David ; — His  Repentance  ; — Rahbah  is  taken. 
2  Sam.   xi.  and  xii.  1-15. — Psalms  li.,  xxxii.,  xxxiii.,  and  cvii. — 2  Sam.  xii.   15-23, — 
2G,  to  the  end.— I  Chron.  xx.  1-3. 

Rahbah  is  besieged  by  Joab.  4  David  committeth  adultenj  with  Bath-sheba.  G  Uriah,  sent  for  by 
David  to  cover  the  adultery,  loould  not  go  home  neither  sober  nor  drunken.  14  He  carrieth  to 
Joab  the  letter  of  his  death.  18  Joab  senSelh  the  neics  thereof  to  David.  26  David  taketh  Bath- 
sheba  to  icife.  2  Sam.  xii.  1  Nathan's  parable  of  the  ewe  I'liiib  causeth  David  to  be  his  own  judge. 
1  David,  reproved  by  Nathan,  confesseth  his  sin,  and  ispardotted. —  David's  P.mhns  of  repeiitance. 
—  15  David  mowneth  and  prayelhfor  the  child  while  it  lived.  26  David  taketh  Rabbah,  and  tor- 
tureth  the  people  thereof. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  *after  the  year  was  expired,  at  the  time  when 
kings  go  forth  to  battle,  that  David  sent  Joab,  and  his  servants  with 
him,  and  all  Israel;  and  they  destroyed  the  children  of  Ammon,  and 
besieged  Rabbah.     But  David  tarried  still  at  Jerusalem. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  an  eveningtide,  that  David  arose  from  off 
his  bed,  "and  walked  upon  the  roof  of  tiie  king's  house  :  and  from  the 
roof  he  'saw  a  woman  washing  herself ;  and  the  woman  was  very  beau- 
tiful to  look  upon.  2  And  David  sent  and  inquired  after  the  woman. 
And  one  said,  "  Is  not  this  fBath-sheba,  the  daughter  of  lEliam,  the 
wife  of  'Uriah  the  Hittite  ?  "  ''  And  David  sent  messengers,  and  took  her  ; 
and  she  came  in  unto  him,  and  "he  lay  with  her,  *for  she  was  'purified 
from  her  uncleanness  ;  and  she  returned  unto  her  house.  ^  And  the 
woman  conceived,  and  sent  and  told  David,  and  said,  "  I  am  with  child." 

^  And  David  sent  to  Joab,  saying,  "  Send  me  Uriah  the  Hittite." 
And  Joab  sent  Uriah  to  David.  '  And  when  Uriah  was  come  unto  him, 
David  dema^ided  of  him  thow  Joab  did,  and  how  the  })eople  did,  and 
how  tlie  war  prospered.  ^  And  David  said  to  Uriah,  "  Go  down  to  thy 
house,  and  ^wash  thy  feet."  And  Uriah  departed  out  of  the  king's 
house,  and  there  JfoUowed  him  a  mess  of  meat  from  the  king.  ^But 
Uriah  slept  at  the  door  of  the  king's  house  with  all  the  servants  of 
his  lord,  and  went  not  down  to  his  house.  '"  And  when  they  had  told 
David,  saying,  "  Uriah  went  not  down  unto  his  house,"  David  said 
unto  Uriah,  '•  Camest  thou  not  from  thy  journey  ?  why  then  didst  thou 
notgo  down  unto  thy  house?  "  ^^  And  Uriah  said  unto  David,  "The  "'ark, 
and  Israel,  and  Judah,  abide  in  tents  ;  and  ''my  lord  Joab,  and  the  ser- 
vants of  my  lord,  are  encamped  in  the  open  fields  ;  shall  I  then  go  into 
my  house,  to  eat  and  to  drink,  and  to  lie  with  my  wife  ?  as  thou  livest, 
and  as  thy  soul  liveth,  I  will  not  do  this  thing !  "  i~  And  David  said  to 
Uriah,  "  Tarry  here  to-day  also,  and  to-morrow  I  will  let  thee  depart." 
So  Uriah  abode  in  Jerusalem  that  day,  and  the  morrow.  ^^  And  when 
David  had  called  him.  he  did  eat  and  drink  before  him,  and  he  made 
him  'drunk  ;  and  at  even  he  wentouttolie  on  his  bed  with  the  servants 
of  iiis  lord,  but  went  not  down  to  his  house. 

1^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  morning,  that  David  wrote  a  letter  to 
Joab,  and  sent  it  by  the  hand  of  Uriah.  ^-^  And  he  wrote  in  the  letter, 
saying,  "  Set  ye  Uriah  in  the  forefront  of  the  ^hottest  battle,  and  retire 
ye  ffrom  him,  that  he  may  be  smitten,  and  die."   ^^  And  it  came  to  pass, 


Part  VIL]  WAR  WITH  THE  AMMONITES.  475 

when  Joab  observed  the  city,  that  he  assigned  Uriah  unto  a  place  where 
he  knew  that  vahant  men  were.  ^^  And  the  men  of  the  city  went  out 
and  fought  with  Joab  ;  and  there  fell  some  of  the  people  of  the  servants 
of  David,  and  Uriah  the  Hittite  died  also. 

1^  Then  Joab  sent  and  told  David  all  the  things  concerning  the  war ; 
1^  and  charged  the  messenger,  saying,  "  When  thou  hast  made  an  end 
of  telling  the  matters  of  the  war  unto  the  king,  ^^  and  if  so  be  that  the 
king's  wrath  arise,  and  he  say  unto  thee.  Wherefore  approached  ye 
so  nigh  unto  the  city  when  ye  did  fight  ?    knew  ye  not  that  they  would 

iJu.9.53.  shoot  from  the  wall?  ^^  Who  smote  ^Abimelech   the  son  of  '^Jerub- 

*/^.^"^^''^'™*'  besheth  ?  did  not  a  woman  cast  a  piece  of  a  millstone  upon  him  from 
the  wall,  that  he  died  in  Thebez  ?  why  went  ye  nigh  the  wall  ?  then 
say  thou.  Thy  servant  Uriah  the  Hittite  is  dead  also." 

2-  So  the  messenger  went,  and  came  and  showed  David  all  that  Joab 
had  sent  him  for.  ^^  And  the  messenger  said  unto  David,  "  Surely  the 
men  prevailed  against  us,  and  came  out  unto  us  into  the  field,  and  we 
were  upon  them  even  unto  the  entering  of  the  gate.  ^'^  And  the  shooters 
shot  from  off  the  wall  upon  thy  servants ;  and  some  of  the  king's  ser- 
vants be  dead,  and  thy  servant  Uriah  the  Hittite  is  dead  also."  ^^Then 
David  said  unto  the  messenger,  "  Thus  shalt  thou  say  unto  Joab,  Let 

XHeb.beeviiin    not  this  thing  tdisplease  thee,  for  the  sword  devoureth  *one  as  well  as 

*%7b!lZad       another  ;  make  thy  battle  more  strong  against  the  city,  and  overthrow 

*"'^*-  it :  and  encourage  thou  him." 

^^  And  when  the  wife  of  Uriah  heard  that  Uriah  her  husband  was  dead, 
she  mourned  for  her  husband.  ^^  And  when  the  mourning  was  past,  David 
sent  and  fetched  her  to  his  house,  and  she  became  his  wife,  and  bare 

t  Heb.  was  toil  in  him  a  SOU.  But  the  thing  that  David  had  done  tdispleased  the  Lord. 

the  eyes  of.  1  ^j-,(j  ^j-jg  Lqrd  scut  Nathan  unto  David.     And  he  came  2  Sam.  xii.  l, 

'Seessa.  14. 5,   unto  him,  'and  said  unto  him,  "  There  were  two  men  in  one  t'^P^-  *«''•  l^- 

35^1.  Is.  5.  k  city  ;  the  one  rich,  and  the  other  poor.  ^  The  rich  man  had  exceeding 
many  flocks  and  herds.  ^  But  the  poor  man  had  nothing,  save  one  little 
ewe  lamb,  which  he  had  bought  and  nourished  up  ;  and  it  grew  up 

jHeb.  morsel,  together  with  him,  and  with  his  children  ;  it  did  eat  of  his  own  tmeat, 
and  drank  of  his  own  cup,  and  lay  in  his  bosom,  and  was  unto  him  as 
a  daughter.  "*  And  there  came  a  traveller  unto  the  rich  man,  and  he 
spared  to  take  of  his  own  flock  and  of  his  own  herd,  to  dress  for  the 
wayfaring  man  that  was  come  unto  him  ;  but  took  the  poor  man's  lamb, 
and  dressed  it  for  the  man  that  was  come  to  him."  ^  And  David's 
anger  was  greatly  kindled  against  the  man  ;  and  he  said  to  Nathan, 

^^Jjot^VsL'"  "As  the  Lord  liveth,  the  man  that  hath  done  this  thing  *shall  surely 
o/de^A.  1  sa.     ^[q  \  6  ^^^  ^g  g}^^]|  restorc  the  lamb  ""fourfold,  because  he  did  this 

m  Ex.  22. 1.  Lu.   thing,  and  because  he  had  no  pity." 
^^-  ^-  "^  And  Nathan  said  to  David,  "  Thou  art  the  man  !  Thus  saith  the 

» 1  Sa.  16. 13.  Lord  God  of  Israel,  I  "anointed  thee  king  over  Israel,  and  I  delivered 
thee  out  of  the  hand  of  Saul ;  ^  and  I  gave  thee  thy  master's  house, 
and  thy  master's  wives  into  thy  bosom,  and  gave  thee  the  house  of 
Israel  and  of  Judah  ;  and  if  that  had  been  too  Uttle,  I  would  moreover 

o  See  1  Sa.  15.  havc  givcu  uuto  thcc  such  and  such  things.  ^  Wherefore  "hast  thou 
despised  the  commandment  of  the  Lord,  to  do  evil  in  his  sight  ?  thou 
hast  killed  Uriah  the  Hittite  with  the  sword,  and  hast  taken  his  M'ife 
to  be  thy  wife,  and  hast  slain  him  with  the  sword  of  the  children  of 

pAm.7.9.  Ammon.  ^^  Now  therefore  ''the  sword  shall  never  depart  from  thy 
house  ;  because  thou  hast  despised  me,  and  hast  taken  the  wife  of 
Uriah   the   Hittite   to  be  thy   wife.  ^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Behold, 

'le^af  ■^°'  ^^*'  ^  ^*'^  ^^^^^  "P  ®^^*  against  thee  out  of  thine  own  house,  and  I  will  'take 
thy  wives  before  thine  eyes,  and  give  them  unto  thy  neighbour,  and  he 
shall  lie  with  thy  wives  in  the  sight  of  this  sun.  ^^  For  thou  didst  it 


476 


DAVID  REPENTS    OF    fflS  ADULTERY.     [Period  IV. 


r  See  1  Sa.  15. 24. 
s  2  Sa.  24.  10.  Job 

7.  iO.  Pr.  -8.  13. 
t  Job  7.  21.  Mic. 

7.  18.  Zee.  3.  4. 
u  Is.  52.  5.  Ez. 

36.  20, 23.  Ro.  2. 


PSALM  LI. 


als.  43.  25. 

Col.  2.  14. 
b  He.  9. 14.  1  Jo. 

1.  7,  9.  Re.  1.  5. 

c  Ps.  32.  5. 


d  Ge.  20.  6.  Le. 
5.19. 

e  Ln.  15.  21. 
/Ro.  3.  4. 


g'  See  Ge.  8.  21. 
h  Job  14.  4. 
*  He'),  warm  me. 
i  Job  38.  36. 

jLe.  14.4,  6,49. 

Nu.  19.  18.  Heb. 

9.  19. 
kU.  1.18. 
I  Mat.  5.  4. 
m  Je.  16.  17. 


n  Ac.  15.  9.  Eph. 

2.  10. 
f  Or,  a  constant 

spirit. 
0  Ge.  4.  14.  2  Ki. 

13.23. 
p  Ro.  8.  9.  Eph. 

4.30. 
9  2  Co.  3.  17. 


X  Heb.  bloods. 


s  Nu.  15.  27,  30. 

Ps.  40.  G.  Is.  1. 

ll.Je.7.22.  Ilo. 

6.6. 
•  Or,  that  Ishould 

give  it. 


secretly  ;  but  I  will  do  this  thing  before  all  Israel,  and  before  the  sun." 
^^  And  ""David  said  unto  Nathan,  "  I  'have  sinned  against  the  Lord." 
And  Nathan  said  unto  David,  '"  The  Lord  also  hath  'put  away  thy 
sin  ;  thou  shalt  not  die.  ^''  Howbeit,  because  by  this  deed  thou  hast 
given  great  occasion  to  the  enemies  of  the  Lord  "to  blaspheme,  the 
child  also  that  is  born  unto  thee  shall  surely  die." 
-^  And  Nathan  departed  unto  his  house. 

PSALM   LI.(5r) 
David  prayethfor  remission  of  sins,  whereof  he  maketh  a  deep  confession.    6  He  prayethfor  sancti- 

fcation.     16  God  delightelh  not  in  sacrifce,  bid  in  sincerity.     18  David  prayeth  for  the  Church. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David,  when  Nathan  the  prophet  came  unto  him,  after  he  had 

gone  in  to  Bath-sheba. 

^  Have  mercy  upon  me,  O  God, 

According  to  thy  lovingkindness  : 

According  unto  the  multitude  of  thy  tender  mercies 

Blot  "out  my  transgressions. 
2  Wash  ''me  throughly  from  mine  iniquity, 

And  cleanse  me  from  my  sin. 

^  For  "I  acknowledge  my  transgressions  ; 

And  my  sin  is  ever  before  me. 
^  Against  "^Thee,  Thee  only,  have  I  sinned, 

And  done  this  evil  'in  thy  sight ; 

That  ^thou  mightest  be  justified  when  thou  speakest. 

And  be  clear  when  thou  judgest. 
^  Behold,  ^I  was  shapen  in  iniquity  ; 

And  ''in  sin  did  my  mother  *conceive  me. 

^  Behold,  thou  desirest  truth  "in  the  inward  parts  ; 

And  in  the  hidden  part  thou  shalt  make  me  to  know  wisdom. 
^  Purge  ■'me  with  hyssop — and  I  shall  be  clean  : 

Wash  me — and  I  shall  be  ^whiter  than  snow. 
^  Make  me  to  hear  joy  and  gladness  ; 

That  the  bones  which  thou  hast  broken  'may  rejoice. 
^  Hide  '"thy  face  from  my  sins, 

And  blot  out  all  mine  iniquities. 
^°  Create  "in  me  a  clean  heart,  O  God  ! 

And  renew  ta  right  spirit  within  me. 
^^  Cast  me  not  away  "from  thy  presence ; 

And  take  not  thy  ^Holy  Spirit  from  me. 
^2  Restore  unto  me  the  joy  of  thy  salvation  ; 

And  uphold  me  with  thy  'free  Spirit. 

^3  Tlien  will  I  teach  transgressors  thy  ways  ; 

And  sinners  shall  be  converted  unto  Thee. 
^"^  Deliver  me  from  tblood-guiltiness, 

O  God,  thou  God  of  my  salvation  ! 

And  "my  tongue  shall  sing  aloud  of  thy  righteousness. 
^^  O  Lord,  open  thou  my  lips  ; 

And  my  mouth  shall  show  forth  thy  praise. 
^^  For  'thou  desirest  not  sacrifice — *else  would  I  give  it : 

Thou  delightest  not  in  burnt  offering. 


(*")  Psalm  li.  is  inserted  here  on  the  unanimous 
testimony  of  commentators. 

Psahn  xxxii.  It  is  jrenerally  thought  that  this 
Psalm  was  written  by  David,  after  the  pardon  he 
obtained  for  his  adultery  with  Bath-sheba. — Hales's 
Anal.  vol.  ii.  p.  376;  and  RosenmOUer. 

Psalm  xxxiii.  is  ascribed  by  Dr.  Hales  to  the 
same  occasion.    And 

Psalm  ciii.  is  considered  by  the  same  authority 
as  David's  eucharistical  ode,  after  God  had  par- 
doned his  great  sin. 

Although  God,  upon  the  repentance  of  David, 


pardoned  his  sin,  yet  we  find  a  series  of  temporal 
judgments  were  inflicted  upon  him,  both  as  a  just 
punishment  for  his  crime,  and  as  a  solemn  warning 
to  others.  The  remainder  of  his  days  was  as  disas- 
trous as  the  beginning  had  been  prosperous  and  flour- 
ishing. Rape,  incest,  murder,  and  rebellion  raged 
among  his  children — he  was  deserted  by  his  friends 
— reviled  by  his  enemies — banished  from  his  capital 
— and  plunged  into  the  deepest  aflliction,by  the  in- 
gratitude and  death  of  his  favorite  and  rebellious 
son  Absalom. — Vide  Hales's  Jinal.  vol.  ii.  p.  377. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID  REPENTS  OF  HIS  ADULTERY. 


477 


PSALM  xxxir. 


^  Or,  A  Psalm  of 


David 


g-ivii 


struction. 
a  Ps.  85.  2.  Ro.  4. 

6-«. 
6  2  Co.  5.  19. 
c  John  1.  47. 


dl  Sa.  5.  6,  11. 
Job  33.  7.  Pa. 
38.2 


r  See  Job  33.  27, 


I  Heb.  time  of 
finding, 
h  Ps.  9.  9. 


tEx.  15.  1.  Ju.  5. 
1.  2  Sa.  22.  1. 

{  Heb.  couTiset 
thee,  mine  eye 
shall  he  upon 
thee. 

j  Pr.  26.  5.  Jaraea 
3.3. 

I- Job  35.  11. 

IFr.  13.  21.Ro. 

2.9. 
m  Ps.  34.  8.  Pr. 

16.  20.  Je.  17.  7. 
n  Ps.  64.  10. 


PS.  XXXIII. 


a  Ps.  97.  12. 
b  Ps.  147.  1. 


ePs.  11.7. 

/Ps.  119.  64. 
*  Or,  mercy. 
g  See  Ge.  1.  1,  6, 


^■^  The  'sacrifices  of  God  are  a  broken  spirit, : 

A  broken  and  a  contrite  lieart,  O  God  !  thou  wilt  not  despise. 
^®  Do  good  in  thy  good  pleasure  unto  Zion  : 

Build  Thou  the  walls  of  Jerusalem. 
^^  Then  shalt  thou  be  pleased  with  "the  sacrifices  of  righteousness, 

With  burnt  oftering  and  whole  burnt  offering  : 

Then  shall  they  offer  bullocks  upon  thine  altar. 

PSALM    XXXII. 

Blessedness  consisteth  in  remission  of  sins.  3  Confession  ofsinsgiveth  ease  to  the  conscience.  8  God's 

promises  bi'i?ig  Joy. 

*A  Psalm  of  David,  Maschil. 

^  Blessed  is  he  whose  "transgression  is  forgiven, 

Whose  sin  is  covered  ! 
2  Blessed  is  the  man  unto  whom  the  Lord  *imputeth  not  iniquity, 

And  'in  whose  spirit  there  is  no  guile  ! 

3  When  I  kept  silence,  my  bones  waxed  old 

Through  my  roaring  all  the  day  long. 
^  For  day  and  night  thy  '^hand  was  heavy  upon  me  : 

My  moisture  is  turned  into  the  drought  of  summer.  Selah ! 
^  I  acknowledged  my  sin  unto  thee, 

And  mine  iniquity  have  I  not  hid. 

I  'said,  '  I  will  confess  my  transgressions  unto  the  Lord  ; ' 

And  thou  forgavest  the  iniquity  of  my  sin.  Selah ! 
^  For  -'^this  shall  every  one  that  is  godly  'pray  unto  thee 

In  a  ttime  when  thou  mayest  be  found  : 

Surely  in  the  floods  of  great  waters  they  shall  not  come  nigh  unto  him. 
■^  Thou  ''art  my  hiding  place  ; 

Thou  shalt  preserve  me  from  trouble  ; 

Thou  shalt  compass  me  about  with  'songs  of  deliverance.     Selah  ! 
^  I  will  instruct  thee   and  teach  thee  in  the  way  which  thou  shalt 

I  will  tguide  thee  with  mine  eye.  [go : 

^  Be  ■'ye  not  as  the  horse,  or  as  the  mule, 

Which  have  ''no  understanding  ; 

Whose  mouth  must  be  held  in  with  bit  and  bridle, 

Lest  they  come  near  unto  thee. 
^°  Many  'sorrows  shall  be  to  the  wicked  ; 

But  '"he  that  trusteth  in  the  Lord,  mercy  shall  compass  him  about. 
^^  Be  "glad  in  the  Lord,  and  rejoice,  ye  righteous ! 

And  shout  for  joy,  all  ye  that  are  upright  in  heart ! 

PSALM  XXXIII. 

God  is  to  be  praised  for  his  goodness,  6  for  his  poiver,  12  and  for  his  provide?ice.     20  Confidence  is 
to  be  placed  in  God. 

1  Rejoice  "in  the  Lord,  O  ye  righteous  ! 

For  Upraise  is  comely  for  the  upright. 
2  Praise  the  Lord  with  harp  : 

Sing  unto  him  with  the  psaltery  'and  an  instrument  of  ten  strings. 
^  Sing  ''unto  him  a  new  song ; 

Play  skilfully  with  a  loud  noise. 

"*  For  the  word  of  the  Lord  is  right ; 

And  all  his  works  are  done  in  truth. 
5  He  'loveth  righteousness  and  judgment : 

The  -^earth  is  full  of  the  *goodness  of  the  Lord. 
^  By  ^the  word  of  the  Lord  were  the  heavens  made ; 

And  all  the  host  of  them  by  the  breath  of  his  mouth. 
'  He  gathereth  the  waters  of  the  sea  together  as  a  heap : 

He  layeth  up  the  depth  in  storehouses. 
^  Let  all  the  earth  fear  the  Lord  : 

Let  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  world  stand  in  awe  of  him. 


478 


DAVID  REPENTS  OF  HIS  ADULTERY.         [Period  IV. 


t  Heb.  vuiketh 
fraslraie.  See 
Job  5. 12.  Is.  19. 
3. 

h  Job  23.  13.  Pr. 
19.  21.  Is.  46. 
10. 

J  Heb.  to  genera- 
tion and  genera- 
tion. 

i  Ps.  65.  4. 

i  Ex.  19.  5.  De.  7. 
6. 

k  See  Ge.  6.  12. 
2  Ch.  16.  9.   Job 
28.  24.  Ps.  11.  4. 
Pr.  15.  3. 

Uob34.21.  Je. 
32.  19. 
m  Ps.  44.  6. 


n  Ps.  20.  7.  Pr. 
21.31. 

0  Ge.  7.  1.  Job 
36.7. 
p  Ps.  147.  11. 


q  See  Job  5.  2( 
r  Ps.  62.  1,  5. 


t  Ps.  13.  5.  Ze. 
10.  7.  John  16. 
22. 


h  Ps.  130.  8.  Is. 

33.  24.  Mat.  9. 

2,  6. 
e  Ex.  15.  26.  Ps. 

147.  3.  Je.  17. 

14. 
d  Ps.  34.  22. 
e  Ps.  5.  12. 
/Is.  40.  31. 
g  Ps.  146.  7. 


iEx.34.6,7.  Nu. 

14.  18.  De.5. 10. 

Neh.  9.  17.  Ps. 

86.  15.  Je.  32. 

18. 
*  Heb.  great  of 

mercy. 
j  Ps.  30.  5.  Is. 

57.  16.  Je.  3.  5. 

Mic.  7.  18. 
k  Ezra  9.  13. 
I  Heb.  according 

to  the  hciirlU  of 

the  heaven.  Ps. 

57.  10.  Eph.  3. 

18. 
I  Is.  43.  25. 
m  Mai.  3.  17. 


^  For  he  spake — and  it  was  done  ; 

He  commanded — and  it  stood  fast. 
^^  The  Lord  tbringeth  the  counsel  of  the  heathen  to  nought : 

He  maketh  the  devices  of  the  people  of  none  effect. 
^1  The  ''counsel  of  the  Lord  standeth  for  ever, 

The  thoughts  of  his  heart  tto  all  generations. 
^■2  Blessed  Us  the  nation  whose  God  is  the  Lord  ; 

And  the  people  whom  he  hath  -'chosen  for  his  own  inheritance. 
^3  The  *LoRD  looketh  from  heaven, 

He  beholdeth  all  the  sons  of  men. 
^^  From  the  place  of  his  habitation 

He  looketh  upon  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth. 
^^  He  fashioneth  their  hearts  alike  ; 

He  'considereth  all  their  works. 
^^  There  '"is  no  king  saved  by  the  multitude  of  a  host : 

A  mighty  man  is  not  delivered  by  much  strength. 
^"^  A  "horse  is  a  vain  thing  for  safety  ; 

Neither  shall  he  deliver  any  by  his  great  strength. 

^®  Behold,  "the  eye  of  the  Lord  is  ^upon  them  that  fear  him, 

Upon  them  that  hope  in  his  mercy  ; 
^^  To  deliver  their  soul  from  death, 

And  'to  keep  them  alive  in  famine. 
^'^  Our  '^soul  waiteth  for  the  Lord  : 

He  ^is  our  help  and  our  shield. 
^^  For  our  'heart  shall  rejoice  in  him. 

Because  we  have  trusted  in  his  holy  name. 
22  Let  thy  mercy,  O  Lord,  be  upon  us, 

According  as  we  hope  in  thee. 

PSALM  cm. 

An  exhortation  to  bless  God  for  his  meraj,  15  and  for  tlie  constanq/  thereof. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Bless  "the  Lord,  O  my  soul ! 

And  all  that  is  within  me,  bless  his  holy  name  ! 
2  Bless  the  Lord,  O  my  soul ! 

And  forget  not  all  his  benefits. 

^  Who  ''forgiveth  all  thine  iniquities ; 

Who  'healeth  all  thy  diseases  ; 
^  Who  ''redeemeth  thy  life  from  destruction  ; 

Who  'crowneth  thee  with  lovingkindness  and  tender  mercies  , 
^  Who  satisfieth  thy  mouth  with  good  things  ; 

So  that  ■'^thy  youth  is  renewed  like  the  eagle's. 

•^  The  'Lord  executeth  righteousness  and  judgment 

For  all  that  are  oppressed. 
"^  He  'made  known  his  ways  unto  Moses, 

His  acts  unto  the  children  of  Israel. 
®  The  'Lord  is  merciful  and  gracious. 

Slow  to  anger,  and  *plenteous  in  mercy. 
^  He  -'will  not  always  chide  ; 

Neither  will  he  keep  his  anger  for  ever. 
^'^  He  *hath  not  dealt  with  us  after  our  sins  ; 

Nor  rewarded  us  according  to  our  iniquities. 
^1  For  tas  the  heaven  is  high  above  the  earth. 

So  great  is  his  mercy  toward  them  that  fear  him. 
^2  As  far  as  the  East  is  from  the  West, 

So  far  hath  he  'removed  our  transgressions  from  us. 
"  Like  '"as  a  father  pitieth  his  children. 

So  the  Lord  pitieth  them  that  fear  him. 


Part  VII.] 


RABBAH  OF  THE  AMMONITES  IS  TAKEN. 


479 


"  For  he  knoweth  our  frame  ; 

He  "remembereth  that  we  are  dust. 
^^  As  for  man — his  "days  are  as  grass : 

As  ''a  flower  of  the  field,  so  he  flourisheth. 
^^  For  the  wind  passeth  over  it — and  tit  is  gone; 

And  'the  place  thereof  shall  know  it  no  more. 
1^  But  the  mercy  of  the  Lord  is  from  everlasting  to  everlasting 

Upon  them  that  fear  him, 

And  his  righteousness  '^unto  children's  children ; 
^^  To  "such  as  keep  his  covenant. 

And  to  those  that  remember  his  commandments  to  do  them. 
19  The  Lord  hath  prepared  his  throne  in  the  heavens ; 

And  'his  kingdom  ruleth  over  all. 
2"  Bless  the  Lord,  ye  his  angels,  *that  excel  in  strength, 

That  "do  his  commandments,  hearkening  imto  the  voice  of  his  word  ! 
2^  Bless  ye  the  Lord,  all  ye  "his  hosts ; 

Ye  "'ministers  of  his,  that  do  his  pleasure  ! 
22  Bless  the  Lord,  all  his  works  in  all  places  of  his  dominion ! 

Bless  the  Lord,  O  my  soul ! 

15  And  the  Lord  struck  the  child  that  Uriah's  wife  bare  2  Sam.  x\{. 
unto  David,  and  it  was  very  sick.  ^^  David  therefore  besought  {'^Jo-sf  and 
God  for  the  child  ;  and  David  *fasted,  and  went  in,  and  lay  all  20  to  the 
night  upon  the  earth.  "  And  the  elders  of  his  house  arose,  and  ^"  ' 
went  to  him,  to  raise  him  up  from  the  earth  :  but  he  would  not,  neither 
did  he  eat  bread  with  them.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  seventh  day, 
that  the  child  died.  And  the  servants  of  David  feared  to  tell  him  that 
the  child  was  dead  :  for  they  said,  "  Behold,  while  the  child  wasyetaHve, 
we  spake  unto  him,  and  he  would  not  hearken  unto  our  voice  :  how  will 
he  then  tvex  himself,  if  we  tell  him  that  the  child  is  dead !  "  ^^  But 
when  David  saw  that  his  servants  whispered,  David  perceived  that  the 
child  was  dead  :  therefore  David  said  unto  his  servants,  "  Is  the  child 
dead?  "  And  they  said,  "  He  is  dead."  ^o  Then  David  arose  from  the 
earth,  and  washed,  and  anointed  himself,  and  changed  his  apparel,  and 
came  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  "worshipped :  then  he  came  to 
his  own  house  ;  and  when  he  required,  they  set  bread  before  him,  and 
he  did  eat.  ^i  Then  said  his  servants  unto  him,  "  What  thing  is  this 
that  thou  hast  done  ?  thou  didst  fast  and  weep  for  the  child  while  it 
was  alive  ;  but  when  the  child  was  dead,  thou  didst  rise  and  eat  bread." 
22  And  he  said,  "  While  the  child  was  yet  alive,  I  fasted  and  wept : 
*for  I  said,  '  Who  can  tell  whether  God  will  be  gracious  to  me,  that 
the  child  may  live  ? '  23  But  now  he  is  dead,  wiierefore  should  I  fast  ? 
can  1  bring  him  back  again  ?  I  shall  go  to  liim,  but  'he  shall  not 
return  to  me." 

26  And  Joab  fought  against  ''Kabbah  of  the  children  of  Ammon,  and 
took  the  royal  city.  27  And  Joab  sent  messengers  to  David,  and  said, 
"  I  have  fought  against  Kabbah,  and  have  taken  the  city  of  waters. 
28  Now  therefore  gather  the  rest  of  the  people  together,  and  encamp 
against  the  city,  and  take  it ;  lest  I  take  the  city,  and  tit  be  called  after 
my  name."  29  And  David  gathered  all  the  people  together,  and  went 
to  Kabbah,  and  fought  against  it,  and  took  it.  ^"^  And  he  took  their 
king's  crown  from  off  his  head,  the  weight  whereof  was  a  talent  of 
gold  with  the  precious  stones ;  and  it  was  set  on  David's  head.  And 
*Heb.  very  great,  he  brought  forth  the  spoil  of  the  city  *in  great  abundance.  ^^  And  he 
brought  forth  the  people  that  were  therein,  and  put  them  under  saws, 
and  under  harrows  of  iron,  and  under  axes  of  iron,  and  made  them 
pass  through  the  brickkiln  ;  and  thus  did  he  unto  all  the  cities  of  the 


n  See  Ge.  2.  7. 

0  Ps.  90.  5,  6. 
1  Pe.  J.24 

y  See  Job  14.  l,i 

1  Heb.  it  13  not. 

q  See  Job  7.  10. 


r  Ex.  20.  6. 
s  De.  7.  9. 


t  Ps.  47.  2.  Da.  4. 

25,  34,  35. 
*  Heb.  mighty  in 

strength  :  see 

Ps.  78.  25. 
u  Mat.  6.  10.  He. 

1.  14. 
V  Ge.  33.  2.  Jo3. 

5.  14.  Ps.  tJ8.  17. 
»  Da.  7.  9,  10. 


*  Heb.  fasted  a 

fast. 


t  Heb.  do  hurt. 


b  See  Is.  3 
Jon.  3.  9. 


}  Heb.  my  name 
he  called  upon  it 


XI. 


A.   M.  2972  to 


480  AMNON'S  INCEST  WITH  TAMAR.  [Period  IV. 

children    of  Ammon.     So  David  and  all  the  people   returned  unto 
Jerusalem. 

t  Veh.atihere-  1  Chron.  XX.  1-3. — '  And  it  came  to  pass  that  tafler  the  year  was  expired,  at  the  time 

turn  of  the  year,    ^^j^j^j  kings  go  out  to  battle,  Joab  led  forth  the  power  of  the  army,  and  wasted  the  country 

of  the   children   of  Amnion,   and    came  and  besieged    Rabbah.    But  David  tarried  at 

Jerusalem.    And  Joab  smote  Rabbah,   and  destroyed  it.  -And  David  took  the  crown  of 

X  Heb.  tke  weight  their  king  from  off  his  head,  and  found  it  |to  weigh  a  talent  of  gold,  and  there  were 
precious  stones  in  it ;  and  it  was  set  upon  David's  head  :  and  he  brought  also  exceeding 
much  spoil  out  of  the  city.  ^  And  he  brought  out  the  people  that  were  in  it,  and  cut 
them  with  saws,  and  with  harrows  of  iron,  and  with  axes.    Even  so  dealt  David  with  all 

the  cities  of  the  children  of  Ammon.    And  David  and  all  the  people  returned  to  Jerusalem, 

Section    XI. — A/nnon's  Incest  with    Taviar ; — Birth  of  Solomon  ; — Absa- 
lom slays  Amnon  ; — David,  at  Joab's  instance,  forgives  Absalom. 

2977.  2  Sam.  xiii.  1-22,  xii.  24,  part  of  25,  xiii.  23,  to  the  end,  and  xiv.  1-7,  15-17,  B-14,  and 

B.  C.  1032  to  18,  to  the  end. 

Hales  1036        Amnon  loving  Tamar,  by  Jonadab's  counsel  feigning  himself  sick,  rax^isheth  her.     15  He  liateth  her, 
'         '  and  shamefully  turneth  her  away.     19  Absalom  enlertaineth  her,  and  concealeth  his  purpose.     24 

Jerusalem.  Solomon  is  born,  and  named  Jedidiah.   23  At  a  sheep-shearing,  among  all  the  king's  so7u,  Absa- 

lorn  killeth  Amnon.  30  David  grieving  at.  the  news  is  comfortnd  by  ^onadab.  37  Absalomflieth 
to  Talmai  at  Geshur.  —  Chap.  xiv.  1  Joab,  suborning  a  widow  of  Tekoah,  by  a  parable  to  incline 
the  king's  heart  to  fetch  home  Absalom,  bringeth  him  to  Jerusalem.  25  Absalom's  beauty,  hair, 
and  children.     28  After  two  rjears,  Absalom  by  Joab  is  brought  into  the  king's  presence. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  Absalom  the  son  of  David  had 
a  fair  sister,  whose  name  was  Tamar ;  and  Amnon  the  son  of  David 
loved  her.  ^  And  Amnon  was  so  vexed,  that  he  fell  sick  for  his  sister 

*  Heb.  it  was       Tamar  ;  for  she  was  a  virgin;  and  *  Amnon  thought  it  hard  for  him 

marvellous,  or,  ,  .  ■  i  o  ^  »  i       i         /•  •         i  i 

hidden  in  the  eyes  to  do  any  thing  to  her.  -^But  Amnon  had  a  Iriend,  whose  name  was 

/selTs"a.  16. 9.  Jouadab,  "the  son  of  Shimeah  David's  brother :  and  Jonadab  was  a 
very  subtil  man.  '^  And  he  said  unto  him,  "  Why  art  thou,  being  the 

t  Heb.  thin.         king's  son,  tlean   Ifrom  day  to  day  ?  wilt  thou   not  tell   me  ?  "  And 

^b^morTiing"^^  Amuon  Said  unto  him,  "  I  love  Tamar,  my  brother  Absalom's  sister." 
^  And  Jonadab  said  unto  him,  "  Lay  thee  down  on  thy  bed,  and  make 
thyself  sick ;  and  when  thy  father  cometh  to  see  thee,  say  unto  him, 
I  pray  thee,  let  my  sister  Tamar  come,  and  give  me  meat,  and  dress 
the  meat  in  my  sight,  that  I  may  see  it,  and  eat  it  at  her  hand." 

^  So  Amnon  lay  down,  and  made  himself  sick  ;  and  when  the  king 
was  come  to  see  him,  Amnon  said  unto  the  king,  "  I  pray  thee,  let 

jGe.  18. 6.  Tamar  my  sister  come,  and  'make  me  a  couple  of  cakes  in  my  sight, 
that  I  may  eat  at  her  hand."  ''  Then  David  sent  liome  to  Tamar,  saying, 
"  Go  now  to  thy  brother  Amnon's  house,  and  dress  him  meat."  ^  So 
Tamar  went  to  her  brother  Amnon's  house  ;  and  he  was  lain  down. 

*oi,paste.  ^j^fj  gj^g  ^qqIj  *flour,  and  kneaded  it,  and  made  cakes  in  his  sight,  and 
did  bake  the  cakes.  ^  And  she  took  a  pan,  and  poured  them  out  before 
him  ;  but  he  refused  to  eat.  And  Amnon  said,  "  Have  out  all  men 
from  me."  And  they  went  out  every  man  from  him.  ^"^  And  Amnon 
said  unto  Tamar,  "  Bring  the  meat  into  the  chamber,  that  I  may  eat 
of  thy  hand."  And  Tamar  took  the  cakes  which  she  had  made,  and 
brought  them  into  the  chamber  to  Amnon  her  brother.  ^^  And  when  she 

cGe.39. 12.  ]yQ^(\  hrought  thcm  unto  him  to  eat,  'he  took  hold  of  her,  and  said  unto 
her,    "  Come  lie  with  me,  my  sister."  ^~  And  she  answered  him,  "  Nay, 

^ueh.  humble  me.  my  brothcr,  do  not  tforce  me  ;  for  tno  such  thing  ought  to  be  done  in 

X  Heb.  it  'ought     Israel :  do  not  thou  this  "folly.  ^^  And  I,  whither  shall  I  cause  my 
Le. aofn! ''""''  shame  to  go ?  and  as  for  thee,  thou  shall  be  as  one  of  the  fools   in 

dGe  34  7  Ju      ^^'^lel.     Now  thcrcfore,  I  pray  thee,  speak  unto  the  king  ;  'for  he  will 
ig.^^b.'&ao.  6.    not  withhold  me  from  thee."  ^"^  Howbeit  he  would  not  hearken  unto 

esee  Le.  18.  9,     j^g^  voicc  ;  but,  being  stronger  than  she,  -^forced  her,  and  lay  witii  her. 

/Ue.23.a5.  See    ^^  Tlicu  Auinon  hated  her  *e.\cccdingly  ;  so  that  the  hatred  wherewith 
2  sa.  12.11.        j^^  liatcd  Iier  was  greater  than  the  love  wherewith  he  had  loved  her. 

*  Heb.  with  irrcat     .,,  .,"  ,  ,»•  i  ?5iiaii  "i  t. 

imtred greaUy.  Aiui  AiDuon  saul  uuto  her,  "  Arisc,  be  gone.  '"  And  she  said  unto 
him,  "  Tiiere  is  no  cause  :  this  evil  in  sending  me  away  is  greater  than 


Part  VII.] 


SOLOMON  BORN— ABSALOM  SLAYS  AMNON. 


481 


A  Jos.  7.  6.  2  Sa. 
1.  2.  Job  2.  12. 

t  Je.  2.  37. 

j  Heb.  ^minon. 


j  Ge.  24.  50.  & 

31.24. 
k  Le.  19.  17,  18. 


I  Mat.  1.  6. 
?«  1  Ch.  22.  9. 


■f  That  is,  Beloved 
of  the  LORD. 


0  Ju.  19.  6,  9,  22. 
Ru.  3.  7.  1  Sa. 
25.36.  Est.  1. 
10.  Ps.  104.  15. 

}  Or,  will  younot, 
since  I  have  com- 
manded i/ou  ? 
Jos.   1.  9. 

*  Heb.  sons  of 
valor. 

t  Heb.  rode. 


X  Heb.  mouth 
*  Or,  sett^ed. 


t  Heb.  accordbig 
to  the  word  of 
thy  servant. 

X  Heh.with  a  g-reat 
weeping  greatly. 

♦  Or,  jimmihur. 


the  other  that  thou  didst  unto  me."  But  he  would  not  hearken  unto 
her.  ^'''Then  he  called  his  servant  that  ministered  unto  him,  and 
said,  "  Put  now  this  woman  out  from  me,  and  bolt  the  door  after  her." 
^^  And  she  had  ^a  garment  of  divers  colors  upon  her ;  for  with  such 
robes  were  the  king's  daughters  that  were  virgins  apparelled.  Then 
his  servant  brought  her  out,  and  bolted  the  door  after  her.  ^^  And 
Tamar  put  ''ashes  on  her  head,  and  rent  her  garment  of  divers  colors 
that  was  on  her,  and  'laid  her  hand  on  her  head,  and  went  on  cryino-. 
^"  And  Absalom  her  brother  said  unto  her,  "  Hath  tAmnon  thy  brother 
been  with  thee  ?  but  hold  now  thy  peace,  my  sister  ;  he  is  thy  brother, 
tregard  not  this  thing."  So  Tamar  remained  *desolate  in  her  brother 
Absalom's  house. 

-^  But  when  king  David  heard  of  all  these  things,  he  was  very  wroth. 
"^  And  Absalom  spake  unto  his  brother  Ammon  ^neither  good  nor  bad  ; 
for  Absalom  Miated  Ammon,  because  he  had  forced  his  sister  Tamar. 

^^  And  David  comforted  Bath-sheba  his  wife,  and  went  in   2  Sam.  xii. 
unto  her,  and  lay  with  her ;  and  'she  bare  a  son,  and   he      ^4,  25. 
'"called  his  name  Solomon  ;  and  the  Lord  loved  him.  ^^  And  he  sent 
by  the  hand  of  Nathan  the  prophet ;  and  he  called  his  name  t  Jedidiah, 
because  of  the  Lord. 

-^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  two  full  years,  that  Absalom  "had  ^  Sam.  xiii. 
sheepshearers  in  Baal-hazor,  which  is  beside  Ephraim  ;  and  ^' '"  *"'^" 
Absalom  invited  all  the  king's  sons.  ^^  And  Absalom  came  to  the  king, 
and  said,  "  Behold  now,  thy  servant  hath  sheepshearers ;  let  the  king, 
I  beseech  thee,  and  his  servants  go  with  thy  servant."  ^"^And  the  king 
said  to  Absalom,  "  Nay,  my  son,  let  us  not  all  now  go,  lest  we  be 
chargeable  unto  thee."  And  he  pressed  him  ;  howbeit  he  would  not 
go,  but  blessed  him.  ^''Then  said  Absalom,  •'  If  not,  I  pray  thee,  let 
my  brother  Amnon  go  with  us."  And  the  king  said  unto  him,  "  Why 
should  he  go  with  thee  ?  "  ~'  But  Absalom  pressed  him,  that  he  let 
Amnon  and  all  the  king's  sons  go  with  him. 

^^  Now  Absalom  had  commanded  his  servants,  saying,  "  Mark  ye  now 
when  Amnon's  "heart  is  merry  with  wine,  and  when  I  say  unto  you, 
Smite  Amnon  ;  then  kill  him,  fear  not :  thave  not  I  commanded  you  ? 
be  courageous,  and  be  *valiant."  ^9  And  the  servants  of  Absalom  did 
unto  Amnon  as  Absalom  had  commanded.  Then  all  the  king's  sons 
arose,  and  every  man  tgat  him  up  upon  his  mule,  and  fled. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  while  they  were  in  the  way,  that  tidings  came 
to  David,  saying,  "  Absalom  hath  slain  all  the  king's  sons,  and  there  is 
not  one  of  them  left."  ^i  Then  the  king  arose,  and  tare  his  garments, 
and  lay  on  the  earth ;  and  all  his  servants  stood  by  with  their  clothes 
rent.  =^~  And  Jonadab,  the  son  of  Shimeah,  David's  brother,  answered 
and  said,  "  Let  not  my  lord  suppose  that  they  have  slain  all  the  young 
men  the  king's  sons,  for  Amnon  only  is  dead  ;  for  by  the  tap'point- 
ment  of  Absalom  this  hath  been  *determined  from  the  day  that  he  forced 
his  sister  Tamar.  ^3  Now  therefore  let  not  my  lord  the  king  take  the 
thing  to  his  heart,  to  think  that  all  the  king's  sons  are  dead  ;  for  Amnon 
only  is  dead  :  ^^  but  Absalom  fled."  And  the  young  man  that  kept 
the  watch  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  looked,  and,  behold,  there  came  much 
people  by  the  way  of  the  hill  side  behind  him.  ^s  And  Jonadab  said 
unto  the  king,  "  Behold,  the  king's  sons  come  :  fas  thy  servant  said,  so 
it  is."  ^'^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  soon  as  he  had  made  an  end  of  speak- 
ing, that,  behold,  the  king's  .sons  came,  and  lifted  up  their  voice  and 
wept  ;  and  the  king  also  and  all  his  servants  wept  Ivery  sore. 

^^  But  Absalom  fled,  and  went  to  Talmai,  the  son  of  *Ammihud,  king 
of  Geshur.     And  David  mourned  for  his  son  every  day.  ^^  So  Absalom 
fled,  and  went  to  Geshur,  and  was  there  three  years.  ^^  And  the  soul 
61  2o 


482 


DAVID  IS  RECONCILED  TO  ABSALOM.        [Period  IV, 


V  Ge.  33.  12. 


9  2  Sa.  13.  39. 
r2Ch.  11.6. 


t  Ex.  4.  15. 
u  1  Sa.  20.  41. 


*  Heb.  no  deliver- 
er between  tlietii. 

v  Nu.  35.  19.  De. 
19.  i-2. 


f  Heb.  upnn  the 
face  of  the  earth. 


X  Heb.  for  rest, 
w  2  Sa.  19.  27. 
*  Heb.  hear. 


t  Heb.  that  tJie 
revenjer  of 
blood  do  nut  mul- 
tiply tu  destroy. 
Nu.  35.  19. 

il  S..  14.45.  Ac. 
27.  34. 


a  Job  34.  15.  Heb. 
9.27. 

J  Or,  because  Ood 
hatli  not  taken 
away  his  life,  he 
hath  aUo  devised 
means,  ^'c. 

b  Nu.  35.  15,  25, 


of  king  David  ilonsed  to  go  forth  unto  Absalom  ;  for  he  was  ^'comforted 
cancerning  Amnon,  seeing  he  was  dead. 

^  Now  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah  perceived  that  the  kind's    ''*'  2  Sam. 

w-w~m  Tiv    1—7  It— 

heart  was  'toward  Absalom.  -  And  Joab  sent  to  '^Tekoah,  and  17/8-14' 18 
fetched  thence  a  wise  woman,  and  said  unto  her,  "  I  pray  to  end. 
thee,  feign  thyself  to  be  a  mourner,  ^and  put  on  now  mourning  apparel, 
and  anoint  not  thyself  with  oil,  but  be  as  a  woman  that  had  a  long 
time  mourned  for  the  dead  ;  ^  and  come  to  the  king,  and  speak  on  this 
manner  unto  him."    So  'Joab  put  the  words  in  her  mouth. 

■*  And  when  the  woman  of  Tekoah  spake  to  the  king,  she  "fell  on  her 
face  to  the  ground,  and  did  obeisance,  and  said,  "  tHelp,  O  king !  " 
^  And  the  king  said  unto  her,  "  Wliat  aileth  thee  ?  "  And  she  answered, 
"I  am  indeed  a  widow  woman,  and  my  husband  is  dead.  ""And  thy 
handmaid  had  two  sons,  and  they  two  strove  together  in  the  field,  and 
there  was  *none  to  part  them,  but  the  one  smote  the  other,  and 
slew  him.  "  And,  behold,  "the  whole  family  is  risen  against  thy  hand- 
maid, and  they  said, '  Deliver  him  that  smote  his  brother,  that  we  may 
kill  him,  for  the  life  of  his  brother  whom  he  slew  ;  and  we  will  destroy 
the  heir  also  :  '  and  so  they  shall  quench  my  coal  which  is  left,  and  shall 
not  leave  to  my  husband  neither  name  nor  remainder  tupon  the  earth. 
^^  Now  therefore  that  I  am  come  to  speak  of  this  thing  unto  my  lord 
the  king,  it  is  because  the  people  have  made  me  afraid  :  and  thy  hand- 
maid said,  I  will  now  speak  unto  the  king ;  it  may  be  that  the  king 
will  perform  the  request  of  his  handmaid.  ^^  For  the  king  will  hear,  to 
deliver  his  handmaid  out  of  the  hand  of  the  man  that  would  destroy 
me  and  my  son  together  out  of  the  inheritance  of  God.  ^"^  Then  thy 
handmaid  said,  '  The  word  of  my  lord  the  king  shall  now  be  Icom- 
fortable  ; '  for  "as  an  angel  of  God,  so  is  my  lord  the  king  to  *discern 
good  and  bad :  therefore  the  Lord  thy  God  will  be  with  thee." 

^  And  the  king  said  unto  the  woman,  "  Go  to  thy  house,  and  I  will 
give  charge  concerning  thee."  '^  And  the  woman  of  Tekoah  said  unto 
the  king,  "  My  lord,  O  king  !  ""the  iniquity  be  on  me,  and  on  my 
father's  house  ;  ^and  the  king  and  his  throne  be  guiltless."  ^^  And  the 
king  said,  "  Whosoever  saith  aught  unto  thee,  bring  him  to  me,  and 
he  shall  not  touch  thee  any  more."  ^^  Then  said  she,  ''^I  pray  thee,  let 
the  king  remember  the  Lord  thy  God,  tthat  thou  wouldest  not  suffer 
the  revengers  of  blood  to  destroy  any  more,  lest  they  destroy  my  son." 
And  he  said,  '-'As  ^the  Lord  liveth,  there  shall  not  one  hair  of  thy 
son  fall  to  the  earth  !  "  ^"~Then  the  woman  said,  "  Let  thy  handmaid, 
I  pray  thee,  speak  one  word  unto  my  lord  the  king."  And  he  .said,  "  Say 
on."  '^  And  the  woman  said,  '•  Wherefore  then  hast  thou  thought  such 
a  thing  against  the  people  of  God  ?  for  the  king  doth  speak  this  thing 
as  one  which  is  faulty,  in  that  the  king  doth  not  fetch  home  again  his 
banished.  ^"^  For  "we  must  needs  die,  and  are  as  water  spilt  on  the 
ground,  which  cannot  be  gathered  up  again  ;  tneither  doth  God  respect 
any  person  :  yet  doth  he  Mevisc  means,  that  his  banished  be  not 
expelled  from  him." 

^^  Then  the  king  answered  and  said  unto  the  woman.  "Hide  not 
from  me,  I  pray  thee,  the  thing  that  I  shall  ask  thee."  And  the  woman 
said,  "  Let  my  lord  the  king  now  speak."  ^'-^  And  tlie  king  said,  "  Is 
not  the  hand  of  Joab  with  thee  in  all  this  ?"  And  the  woman  answered 
and  said,  "  As  thy  soul  liveth,  my  lord  the  king,  none  can  turn  to  the 
right  hand  or  to  the  left  from  aught  that  my  lord  the  king  hath  spoken  ; 


(*■*)  This  arrangement  of  the  contents  of  2  Sam-  evidently  part  of  the  woman's  speecii  about  lier  own 

uel  xiv.  is  made  on  tlie  authority  of  Bishop  Hors-  pretended  affair  ;  and  the  ISth  verse  should  imme- 

ley  ;  who  observes,  verses  15,   Hi,  17,  should  in-  diately  follow  the  14th. — Bib.  Crit.  vol.  i.  p.  357. 
tervene  between  the  7th  and  8t!i  verses  ;  being 


Part  VII.] 


THE  REVOLT  OF  ABSALOM. 


483 


t  Or,  thy. 

d  See  Ge.  33.  10. 


J  Heb.  And  as  Ab- 
salom tht*re  was 
not  a  beautiful 
man  in  all  Israel 
tu  praise  greatly. 

e  Is.  1.  6. 


/SeeSSa.  18.18. 


Heb.  my  pla 


for  thy  servant  Joab,  he  bade  me,  and  he  put  all  these  words  in  the 
mouth  of  thy  handmaid.  -"  To  fetch  about  this  form  of  speech  hath 
thy  servant  Joab  done  this  thing  ;  and  my  lord  is  wise,  'according  to  the 
wisdom  of  an  angel  of  God,  to  know  all  things  that  are  in  the  earth." 

2^  And  the  king  said  unto  Joab,  "  Behold  now,  I  have  done  this 
thing;  go  therefore,  bring  the  young  man  Absalom  again."  ^^And 
Joab  fell  to  the  ground  on  his  face,  and  bowed  himself,  and  *thanked 
the  king ;  and  Joab  said,  "  To-day  thy  servant  knoweth  that  I  have 
found  grace  in  thy  sight,  my  lord,  O  king,  in  that  the  king  hath  ful- 
filled the  request  of  this  servant."  ^^  So  Joab  arose  and  went  to  Geshur, 
and  brought  Absalom  to  Jerusalem.  ~^  And  the  king  said,  "  Let  him 
turn  to  his  own  house,  and  let  him  ''not  see  my  face."  So  Absalom 
returned  to  his  own  house,  and  saw  not  the  king's  face. 

25  tBut  in  all  Israel  there  was  none  to  be  so  much  praised  as  Absalom 
for  his  beauty  :  'from  the  sole  of  his  foot  even  to  the  crown  of  his  head 
there  was  no  blemish  in  him.  '^^  And  when  he  polled  his  head  (for  it 
was  at  every  year's  end  that  he  polled  it,  because  the  hair  was  heavy 
on  him,  therefore  he  polled  it),  he  weighed  the  hair  of  his  head  at 
two  hundred  shekels  after  the  king's  weight.  -'  And  -^unto  Absalom 
there  were  born  three  sons,  and  one  daughter,  whose  name  was  Tamar  ; 
she  was  a  woman  of  a  fair  countenance. 

28  So  Absalom  dwelt  two  full  years  in  Jerusalem,  and  saw  not  the 
king's  face.  ^9  Therefore  Absalom  sent  for  Joab,  to  have  sent  him  to 
the  king,  but  he  would  not  come  to  him  ;  and  when  he  sent  again  the 
second  time,  he  would  not  come.  ^°  Therefore  he  said  unto  his  servants, 
"  See  !  Joab's  field  is  near  *mine,  and  he  hath  barley  there  ;  go  and 
set  it  on  fire."  And  Absalom's  servants  set  the  field  on  fire.  ^^  Then 
Joab  arose,  and  came  to  Absalom  unto  his  house,  and  said  unto  him, 
"  Wherefore  have  thy  servants  set  my  field  on  fire  ?  "  ^^  And  Absalom 
answered  Joab,  "  Behold,  I  sent  unto  thee,  saying,  '  Come  hither,  that 
I  may  send  thee  to  the  king,  to  say.  Wherefore  am  I  come  from  Geshur  ? 
it  had  been  good  for  me  to  have  been  there  still.'  Now  therefore  let 
me  see  the  king's  face  ;  and  if  there  be  any  iniquity  in  me,  let  him 
kill  me."  ^^  So  Joab  came  to  the  king,  and  told  him :  and  when  he  had 
called  for  Absalom,  he  came  to  the  king,  and  bowed  himself  on  his 
face  to  the  ground  before  the  king ;  and  the  king  ^kissed  Absalom. 


SECT.   XII. 

/  A.  M.  2980. 

B.  C.  1024. 

Hales,  1036. 

Hebron. 


Section   XII. —  The  Revolt  of  Absalom. 

2  Sam.  xv.  1-29.— Psalm  iii.— 2  Sam.  xv.30,<o  the  end.—xvi.  1-14.— Psalm  vii.— 2Sam. 
xvi.   15,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  xvii. 

Absalom,  by  fair  speeches  and  C07irtesies,  stealetk  the  hearts  of  Israel.  7  Uiider  pretence  of  a  vow  he 
obtainelh  leave  to  go  to  Hebron.  10  He  maketh  there  a  great  conspiracy.  13  David  upon  the 
nexosjleelhfom  Jerusalem.  19  Ittai  woidd  not  leave  him.  24  Zadok  and  Abiathar  aie  sent  back 
with  the  ark.  —  David's  Psalm  of  praise.  —  30  He  and  his  companij  go  up  Mount  Olivet  weeping. 
31  He  ciirseth  Ahithophel's  counsel.  28.  Hushai  is  sent  back  with  instructions.'— Chap.  xvi.  1 
Ziba,  by  presents  and  false  suggestions,  obtaineth  his  masters  inheritance.  5  At  Bahiinm 
Shimei  curseth  Dai  id.  9  David  with  patience  abstaineth,  and  restraineth  others,  from  revenge. — 
David  composeth  another  Psalm  of  praise.— 15  Hushai  insinuateth  himself  into  Absalom's  coun- 
cil. 20  Ahithophel's  counsel.  —  Chap.  xvii.  1  It  is  overthrown  by  Hushai's,  according  ioGods 
appointment.  15  Secret  intelligence  is  sent  unto  David.  1Z  Ahithophel  hawgeth  himself.  25 
Amasa  is  made  captain.    27  David  at  Mahanaim  is  furnished  with  provision. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  Absalom  prepared  him  chariots 

and  horses,  and  fifty  men  to  run  before  him.  -  And  Absalom  rose  up 

early,  and  stood  beside  the  way  of  the  gate  :  and  it  was  so,  that  when 

*  Heb.  to  comf.     any  man  that  had  a  controversy  *came  to  the  king  for  judgment,  then 

Absalom  called  unto  him,  and  said,  "Of  what  city  art   thou?"  And 

he  said,  "  Thy  servant  is  of  one  of  the  tribes  of  Israel."  ^  And  Absa- 

\  Or,  none  will      ]oni  Said  unto  him,  "  See  !  thy  matters  are  good  and  right ;  but  tthere 

kbi'g^downward.'  \s  uo  mau  dcputcd  of  the  king  to  hear  thee."  "*  Absalom  said  more- 

«Ju.9.29.  o^.gr,  "  Oh  ''that  I  were  made  judge  in  the  land,  that  every  man  which 


484 


THE  REVOLT  OF  ABSALOM. 


[Period  IV. 


Rom.  16.  18. 
ISa.  IC.  1,2. 


dGe.  28.  20,  21. 


«  1  Sa.  9.  13. 
/Go.  20.  5. 


g  Ps.  41.  9.  &  55. 
12-14. 


X  Heb.  thrust. 


*  Heb.  choose. 
t  Heb.  at  his  feet. 


X  Heb.  wander 
going. 


jRu.  1.  16,  17. 
Pr.  17.  17.  &.  : 


'Called,  John  18. 
1,  Cedron. 


hath  any  suit  or  cause  might  come  unto  me,  and  I  would  do  him  ju.s- 
tice  !  "  ^  And  it  was  so,  that  when  any  man  came  nigh  to  him  to  do 
him  obeisance,  he  put  forth  his  hand,  and  took  liim,  and  kissed  him. 
^  And  on  this  manner  did  Absalom  to  all  Israel  that  came  to  the  king 
for  judgment:   ''so  Absalom  stole  the  hearts  of  the  men  of  Israel. 

■'And  it  came  to  pass  'after  forty  years,*^^'  that  Absalom  said  unto 
the  king,  "  I  pray  thee,  let  me  go  and  pay  my  vow,  which  I  have  vowed 
unto  the  Lord,  in  Hebron.  ^  For  thy  servant  ''vowed  a  vow  while  I 
abode  at  Geshur  in  Syria,  saying,  '  If  the  Lord  shall  bring  me  again 
indeed  to  Jerusalem,  then  I  will  serve  the  Lord.'  "  ^  And  the  king 
said  unto  him,  "Go  in  peace."  So  he  arose,  and  went  to  Hebron. 

^^  But  Absalom  sent  spies  throughout  all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  saying, 
"  As  soon  as  ye  hear  the  sound  of  the  trumpet,  then  ye  shall  say, 
Absalom  reigneth  in  Hebron."  ^^  And  with  Al^salom  went  two 
hundred  men  out  of  Jerusalem,  that  were  'called  ;  and  they  went  -^in 
their  simplicity,  and  they  knew  not  any  thing.  ^~  And  Absalom  sent 
for  Ahithophel  the  Gilonite,  "David's  counsellor,  from  his  city,  even 
from  Giloh,  while  he  offered  sacrifices.  And  the  conspiracy  was  strong ; 
for  the  people  ''increased  continually  with  Absalom. 

^^  And  there  came  a  messenger  to  David,  saying,  "  The  hearts  of 
the  men  of  Israel  are  after  Absalom."  ^'^  And  David  said  unto  all  his 
servants  that  were  with  him  at  Jerusalem,  "  Arise,  and  let  us  'flee  ; 
for  we  shall  not  else  escape  from  Absalom :  make  speed  to  depart,  lest 
he  overtake  us  suddenly,  and  Ibring  evil  upon  us,  and  smite  the  city 
with  the  edge  of  the  sword."  ^^And  the  king's  servants  said  unto  the 
king,  "  Behold,  thy  servants  are  ready  to  do  whatsoever  my  lord  the 
king  shall  *appoint."  ^^  And  the  king  went  forth,  and  all  his  house- 
hold tafter  him.  And  the  king  left  ten  women,  which  were  concubines, 
to  keep  the  house.  ^^  And  the  king  went  forth,  and  all  the  people  after 
him,  and  tarried  in  a  place  that  was  far  off.  ^^  And  all  his  servants  passed 
on  beside  him  ;  and  all  the  Cherethites,  and  all  the  Pelethites,  and  all 
the  Gittites,  si.x  hundred  men  which  came  after  him  from  Gath,  passed 
on  before  the  king. 

^^  Then  said  the  king  to  Ittai  the  Gittite,  "  Wherefore  goest  thou 
also  with  us  ?  return  to  thy  place,  and  abide  with  the  king  :  for  thou 
art  a  stranger,  and  also  an  exile.  ^^  Whereas  thou  camest  but  yesterday, 
should  I  this  day  make  thee  tgo  up  and  down  with  us  ?  seeing  I  go 
whither  I  may,  return  thou,  and  take  back  thy  brethren  :  mercy  and 
truth  be  with  thee  !  "  ~^  And  Ittai  answered  the  king,  and  said,  "As 
■'the  Lord  liveth,  and  as  my  lord  the  king  liveth,  surely  in  what  place 
my  lord  the  king  shall  be,  whether  in  death  or  life,  even  there  also  will 
thy  servant  be!"  ^-And  David  said  to  Ittai,  "  Go  and  pass  over." 
And  Ittai  the  Gittite  passed  over,  and  all  his  men,  and  all  the  little 
ones  that  were  with  him.  --^  And  all  the  country  wept  with  a  loud  voice, 
and  all  the  people  passed  over :  the  king  also  himself  passed  over  the 
brook  *Kidron,  and  all  the  people  passed  over,  toward  tiie  way  of  the 
wilderness. 

^*  And,  lo !  Zadok  also,  and  all  the  Levites  were  with  him,  ^bearing 
the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  God :  and  they  set  down  the  ark  of  God  ; 
and  Abiathar  went  up,  until  all  the  people  had  done  passing  out  of  the 
city.  25  And  the  king  said  unto  Zadok,  "  Carry  back  the  ark  of  God 


O  2  Sam.  XV.  7.  There  is  some  difficulty  in 
ascertaining  what  is  meant  by  the  "  forty  years," 
in  this  verse.  Some  read  four  years  only.  Light- 
foot  dates  the  forty  years  from  the  first  anointing  of 
David,  by  Samuel ;  and  this  solution  is  certainly 
preferable  to  making  any  alteration  in  the  text.  Dr. 
Hales  supposes,  that  the  proper  reading  is  four  years, 


as  being  the  time  from  the  first  fomenting  of  Absa- 
lom's conspiracj-,  till  it  broke  out  into  open  rebel- 
lion :  but  fxDr  this,  there  does  not  seem  to  be  suffi- 
cient evidence. — Hales's  .^nal.  vol.  ii.  p.  37i) ; 
Lightfoot  in  loc. ;  Horsley's  Bib.Cril.  vol.  i.  p.  358; 
Bp.  Patrick  in  loc. 


24. 
/Pa.  27.  3, 


Part  VII.]  THE  REVOLT  OF  ABSALOM.  485 

irs.  43. 3.  into  the  city :  if  I  shall  find  favor  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord,  'he  will  bring 

me  again,  and  show  me  both  it,  and  his  habitation.  ^'^  But  if  he  thus 

'nNu.  i4.a         gay^  i'  have  no  "'deligiit  in   thee  ;   behold,  here  am  I,  "let  him  do  tome 

iKLio."9.2Ch.  as  seemeth  good  unto  him."  -''The  king  said  also  unto  Zadok  the 

/isa.^s.fs.^      priest,  "  Art  not  thou  a  "seer?  return  into  the  city  in  peace,  and  your 

o  1  ?a.  9. 9.         two  sons  with  you,  Ahimaaz  thy  son,  and  Jonathan  the  son  of  Abiathar. 

2^  See !  I  will  tarry  in  the  plain  of  the  wilderness,  until  there  come 

word  from  you  to  certify  me."  ~^  Zadok  therefore  and  x\biathar  carried 

the  ark  of  God  again  to  Jerusalem  :  and  they  tarried  there. 

PSALM  ni.  PSALM  111.(60) 

The  security  of  God's  protection. 

A  Psalm  of  David,  when  he  fled  from  Absalom  his  son. 

^  Lord,  how  are  they  increased  that  trouble  me  ! 
Many  are  they  that  rise  up  against  me. 
2  Many  there  be  which  say  of  my  soul, 
"  There  is  no  help  for  him  in  God."   Selah ! 
«Ge.  15. 1.  3  g^^■  thou,  O  Lord,  art  "a  shield  *for  me  ; 

I?s?27.T  My  glory,  and  Hhe  lifter  up  of  my  head. 

"*  I  cried  unto  the  Lord  with  my  voice, 
c  Ps.  34. 4.  And  'he  heard  me  out  of  his  ''holy  hill.  Selah  ! 

dFs.  2. 6.  &  43.     5  1  qaid  me  down  and  slept ; 
eLe.26. 6.  Pr.3.       I  awakcd  ;  for  the  Lord  sustained  me. 

'  I  -^will  not  be  afraid  of  ten  thousands  of  people. 

That  have  set  themselves  against  me  round  about. 
"^  Arise,  O  Lord  !  save  me,  O  my  God  ! 
^s^^V^La^b  3o'       ^^^  ^thou  hast  smitten  all  mine  enemies  upon  the  cheek  bone  ; 

Thou  hast  broken  the  teeth  of  the  ungodly. 
/iPi.2i  31.  Is.      8  Salvation  ''belon^eth  unto  the  Lord  : 

•ij.  11.  Je.  3. 23.  1  1         •  .  1         o(    1    I     I 

Ho.  13. 4.  Jonah       Thy  blcssuig  is  upon  thy  people,   belan  1 

&  19.  1. '    ' 

^f:!"!."//^'  ^^  "^"^^  David  went  up  by  the  ascent  of  Mount  Olivet,  *and  ^  Sam.  xv. 
wept  as  he  went  up,  and  "had  his  head  covered,  and  he  >  «"  • 
went  ^barefoot ;  and  all  the  people  that  were  with  him  'covered  every 
man  his  head,  and  they  went  up,  ''weeping  as  they  went  up. 

Ps'.sriaj&c.  ^^  And  one  told  David,  saying,  "  Ahithophel  'is  among  the  conspir- 
ators with  Absalom."  And  David  said,  "  O  Lord,  I  pray  thee,  turn 
the  counsel  of  Ahithophel  into  foolishness." 

2-  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  David  was  come  to  the  top  of  the 
/Jos.  ifi.  2.         mount,  where  he  worshipped  God,  behold,  Hushai  the  ^Archite  came 
to  meet  him  with  his  coat  rent,  and  earth  upon  his  head.  =^^  Unto  whom 
^2Sa.  19.35.      David  said,  "  If  thou  passest  on  with  me,  then  thou  shalt  be  ^a  burden 
unto  me.  ^^  But  if  thou  return  to  the  city,  and  say  unto  Absalom,  I 
will  be  thy  servant,  O  king  !  as  I  have  been  thy  father's  servant  hith- 
erto, so  will  I  now  also  be  thy  servant ;  then  mayest  thou  for  me  defeat 
the  counsel  of  Ahithophel.  ^^  And  hast  thou  not  there  with  thee  Zadok 
and  Abiathar  the  priests  ?  therefore  it  shall  be,  that  what  thing  soever 
thou  shalt  hear  out  of  the  king's  house,  thou  shalt  tell  it  to  Zadok  and 
Abiathar  the  priests.  ^^  Behold,  they  have  there  with  them  their  two 
sons,  Ahimaaz  Zadok's  son,  and  Jonathan  Abiathar's  son  ;  and  by  them 
ye  shall  send  unto  me  every  thing  that  ye  can  hear."  ^''  So  Hushai 
David's  friend  came  into  the  city,  and  Absalom  came  into  Jerusalem. 
^  And  when  David  was  a  little  past   the  top  of  the  hill,  2  Sam.  xvi. 
A2Sa.  9.2.         bchold,  ''Ziba  the  servant  of  Mephibosheth  met  him,  with  a       l-^'^- 

couple  of  asses  saddled,  and  upon  them  two  hundred  loaves  of  bread, 
and  an  hundred  bunches  of  raisins,  and  an  hundred  of  summer  fruits, 

(SO)  Psalm  iii.  is  inserted  in  this  place  on  the  authority  of  the  title. — Lightfoot. 
VOL.  I.  2o* 


.puig 
a  Est.  Ll.  12. 
b  Is.  20.  2,  4 
c  Je.  14.3,4 
dFs.  126.  6- 


486  THE  REVOLT  OF  ABSALOM.  [Period  IV. 

and  a  bottle  of  wine.  ^  And  the  king  said  unto  Ziba,  "  What  meanest 
thou  by  these  ?  "  And  Ziba  said,  '•  The  asses  be  for  the  king's  house- 
hold to  ride  on  ;  and  the  bread  and  summer  fruit  for  the  young  men 
to  eat ;  and  the  wine,  that  such  as  be  faint  in  the  wilderness  may 
drink."  ^  And  the  king  said,  "  And  where  is  thy  master's  son?  "  And 
Ziba  said  unto  the  king,  '•  Behold,  he  abideth  at  Jerusalem  ;  for  he 
said,  '  To-day  shall  the  house  of  Israel  restore  me  the  kingdom  of  my 
iPr.  18. 13.         father.'"   "*  Then   'said  the  king  to  Ziba,  '•  Behold,  thine  are  all  that 
tHeb.  idoobci-   pertained  unto  Mephibosheth."     And   Ziba  said,  "11  humbly  beseech 
'"""'  thee  that  I  may  find  grace  in  thy  sight,  my  lord,  O  king  !  " 

^  And  when  king  David  came  to  Bahurim,  behold,  thence  came  out 

j2Sa.  19. 16.       a  man  of  the  family  of  the  house  of  Saul,  whose  name  was  ■'Shimei, 

^P^'^aj^'^cu^Td  the  son  of  Gera:    the  came  forth,  and  cursed  still  as  he  came.  ^  And 

he  cast  stones  at  David,  and  at  all  the  servants  of  king  David  ;  and  all 

the  people  and  all  the  mighty  men  were  on  his  right  hand  and  on  his 

left.    '  And  thus  said  Shimei  when  he  cursed,  "  Come  out,  come  out, 

*^Heb.  man  of      ^j^^^  *bloody  uiau,  and  thou  man  of  Belial !  ^  The  Lord  hath  ^returned 

t  ju'!9.24,5^57.  upon  thcc  all  'the  blood  of  the  house  of  Saul,  in  whose  stead  thou  hast 

1  Ki.  2. 32, 33.     j.gjo.j^g(j  .  and  the  Lord  hath  delivered  the  kingdom  into  the  hand  of 

\hL  behold  thee  Absalom  thy  son  :  and,  tbehold,  thou  art  taken  in  thy  mischief,  because 

in  tinj  evil.  ^j^^^  ^^.^  ^  j^j^^jy   „^j^j^  >> 

9  Then  said  Abishai  the  son  of  Zeruiah  unto  the  king,  "  Why  should 

misa  24  14      this  '"dead  dog  curse  my  lord  the  king?  let  me  go  over,  I  pray  thee, 

nive.2.23.'      and  take  off  his  head."   ^^  And  the  king  said,  "What  "have  I  to  do 

oSee2Ki.  18.      with  you,  yc  sons  of  Zeruiah?  so  let  him  curse,  because  "the  Lord 

25.  La.  3. 38.      j^^^^j^  ^^jj  ^^^^^  j^j^^^  .  Cursc  David.'  ^'Who  shall  then  say.   Wherefore 

pRo.9.20.  j^^^^  ^j^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^,„  11  ^^j   David  said  to   Abishai,  and  to  all  his 

servants,  "  Behold,  my  son,  which  came  forth  of  my  bowels,  seeketh 

my  life  :  how  much  more  now  may  this  Benjamite  do  it !  let  him  alone, 

and  let  him  curse  ;  for  the  Lord  hath  bidden  him.  ^^  It  may  be  that 

tor, my  tears,     jj^g  LoRD  will  look  ou  tiiiinc  afflictiou,  and  that  the  Lord  will  're- 

Heb.ese.Ge.2  .  ^^.^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^  j^.^  cuisiug  this  day."  ^2  And  as  David  and  his  men 

9R0.8.23.  ^^,^j^^  |jy  ^j^g  ^^.^y^  Shimei  went  along  on  the  hill's  side  over  against 

*Heb.  dusted  him  j^j^j^  g^nj  curscd  as  he  went,  and  threw  stones  at  him,  and  *cast  dust. 

ust.  ^^  ^^^  ^^^  king,  and  all  tiie  people  that  were  with  him,  came  weary, 

and  refreshed  themselves  there. 

PS.\LM  VII.  PSAL:M   VII.(61) 

David  praijelh  ita-ainst  the  malice  of  his  enemies,  profissing  his  innocency.     10  Bij  faith  he  seeth  his 

"  defence,  and  the  destruction  of  his  enemies. 

*  Ilab.  3.  1.  *Shiggaion  of  David,  which  he  sang  unto  the  Lord,  concerning-  the  fwords  of  Cush  the  Benjamite. 

t  Or,  business.  j  q  j^^^^  j^y  Qod,  in  thcc  do  I  put  my  trust  : 

a  Ps.  31. 15.  g^yg  "j-^g  froni  all  them  that  persecute  me,  and  deliver  me  ; 

b  Is.  38. 13.  2  Legt  'iig  tear  my  soul  like  a  lion, 

ePs.  50.22.  Rendin<T  'it  in  pieces,  while  there  is  tnone  to  deliver. 

yieb.  na«  a  de-  3  ^   ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ,^f  j   j^^^g   ^^^^g   ^J^jg  . 

d2Sa.  16.7,8.         jf  thcrc  bc  'iniquity  in  my  hands  ; 

el  sa.  24.  II.       ^  j^  j  |^^^^  rewarded  evil  unto  him  that  was  at  peace  with  me  ; 
^26%'^"^'  "'^         (^'c^'  ^  '^^^'^  delivered  him  that  without  cause  is  mine  enemy  :) 
5  Lgt  the  enemy  persecute  my  soul,  and  take  it ; 
Yea,  let  him  tread  down  my  life  upon  the  earth. 
And   lay  my  honor  in  the  dust.     Selah  ! 

^  Arise,  6  Lord,  in  thine  anger. 
Lift  up  thyself  because  of  the  rage  of  mine  enemies  ; 
And  awake  for  me  to  the  judgment  that  thou  hast  commanded. 
■^  So  shall  the  congregation  of  the  people  compass  thee  about ; 
For  their  sakes  therefore  return  thou  on  high. 


(61)  Psalm  vii.   Vide  the  title,  compared  with  the  few  preceding  verses  of  2  Sam.  xvi. 


Part  VII.]  THE  REVOLT  OF  ABSALOM.  487 

8  The  Lord  shall  judge  the  people : 

g-ps.  18.20.  Judge  me,  O  Lord,  -^according  to  my  righteousness, 

AncF according  to  mine  integrity  that  is  in  me. 

9  O  let  the  wickedness  of  the  wicked  come  to  an  end  ; 
But  establish  the  just : 

h  1  ch.28.9.  Ps.       For  ''the  righteous  God  trieth  the  hearts  and  reins. 
of  Re.ta""  ^°  My  *defence  is  of  God, 

*nch.  buckler  13        Which  saveth  the  upright  in  heart. 

upon  Oud.  .     ,     ^ 

t  Or,  ood  is  a      ^^  f  God  judgeth  the  righteous, 
r.giucoasjudge.        ^^^  ^^^  j^  ^^^^.^  ^,j^|-j  ^j^g  wickcd  evcry  day. 

iDe.32.41.         12  Jf  he  tum  uot,  lie  will  'whet  his  sword; 

He  hath  bent  his  bow,  and  made  it  ready. 
13  He  hath  also  prepared  for  him  the  instruments  of  death  ; 
j  De.  32. 93, 42.         Hc  -'ordaiueth  his  arrows  against  the  persecutors. 
/job'^i'oi.  ^^  Behold,  *he  travaileth'with  iniquity, 

i9_.  33. 11.  Ja.  1.       ^j^(j  hath  conceived  mischief,  and  brought  forth  falsehood. 
X  Heb.  He  hath      1^  ^g  made  a  pit,  and  digged  it, 
zEff7''i7'job4.       And  'is  fallen  into  the  ditch  which  he  made. 
f-i'l't'-ii''  ^^  ^i^  "mischief  shall  return  upon  his  own  head, 
EcTio.  8."'    ■        And  his  violent  dealing  shall  come  down  upon  his  own  pate. 
'"es^9.%^"       ^^  I  will  praise  the  Lord  according  to  his  righteousness  ; 

And  will  sing  praise  to  the  name  of  the  Lord  most  high. 

15  And  Absalom,  and  all  the  people  the  men  of  .Israel,  2^|^JJ^- ^vL 

came  to  Jerusalem,  and  Ahithophel  with  him.  ^^  And  it  came 

to  pass,  when    Hushai    the  Archite,  David's   friend,  Avas  come  unto 

*^Heb. 'jict  (Ae     Absalom,  that  Hushai  said  unto  Absalom,  "  *God  save  the  king  !  God 

kmg  we!  ^^^^  ^^^  j^.^^^  ^  ,,  ^^  ^^^  Absalom  said  to  Hushai,  "  Is  this  thy  kindness 

a 2  sa.  19.25.       to  thy  fricud  ?  "why  vventest  thou  not  with  thy  friend  ?  "   i^  And  Hu- 

^''  "'  ^^"         shai  said  unto  Absalom,  "  Nay  ;  but  whom  the  Lord  and  this  people, 

and  all  the  men  of  Israel,  ciioose,  his  will  I  be,  and  with  him  will  I 

abide,  i^  And  again,  whom  should  I  serve  ?  should  I  not  serve  in  the 

presence  of  his  son  ?  as  I  have  served  in  thy  father's  presence,  so  will  I 

be  in  thy  presence." 

20  Then  said  Absalom  to  Ahithophel,  "  Give  counsel  among  you  what 

we  shall  do."     ~^  And  Ahithophel  said  unto  Absalom,  "  Go  in  unto  thy 

father's  concubines,  which  he  hath  left   to  keep  the  house  ;  and^  all 

6  Ge.  34. 30.        Israel  shall  hear  that  thou  ''art  abhorred  of  thy  father  :  then  shall  'the 

e  2  s'a.  2.'7''zec.   hands  of  all  that  are  with  thee  be  strong."  ^~  So  they  spread  Absalom  a 

^- 1^-  tent  upon  the  top  of  the  house  ;  and  Absalom  went  in  unto  his  father's 

concubines  in  the  sight  of  all  Israel.  ~^  And  the  counsel  of  Ahithophel, 

which  he  counselled^in  those  days,  was  as  if  a  man  had  inquired  at  the 

^Beh.  word.        foiaclc  of  God  I  SO  was  all  the  counsel  of  Ahithophel  both  with  David 

and  with  Absalom. 

1  Moreover  Ahithophel  said  unto  Absalom,  "Let  me  now  sSam.xvu. 
choose  out  twelve  thousand  men,  and  t  will  arise  and  pur- 
sue after  David  this  night.  ^  And  I  will  come  upon  him  while  he  is 
dSeeDe.95. 18.    "wcary  and  weak  handed,  and  will  make  him  afraid:  and  all  the  peo- 
ezec.  13.7.         p]©  that  are  with  him  shall  flee  ;  and  I  will  'smite  the  king  only.  ^  And 
I  will  bring  back  all  the  people  unto  thee :  the  man  whom  thou  seekest 
is  as  if  all  returned  ;  so  all  the  people  shall  be  in  peace."  "*  And  the  say- 
XBeh.wasri^M    i„g  Jplcagcd  Absaloiii  well,  and  all   the  elders  of  Israel.  ^  Then  said 
fsaM.To!' "*'■  Ab-salom,  "  Call  now  Hushai  the  Archite  also,  and  let  us  hear  likewise 
*  Heb.  what  is  t«    *vvhat  hc  saith." 

6  Aj^(J  ^yhen  Hushai  was  come  to  Absalom,  Absalom  spake  unto  him, 

saying,  "  Ahithophel  hath  spoken  after  this  manner :  shall  we  do  after 

fHeb.M&ri.        his  tsaying  ?  if  not,    speak  thou."  ''And  Hushai  said  unto  Absalom, 


488 


THE  REVOLT  OF  ABSALOM. 


[Period  IV. 


/Ho.  13.1 


^Keh.  fallen. 


g  Ge.  23.  17. 

X  Heb.  that  thy 
face,  or,  presence 
go,  4-c. 


*  Heb.   command- 
ed. 


t^eh.  counstUed.  "  The  couiisel  that  Ahithophel  hath  tgiven  is  not  good  at  this  time. 
^  For,"  said  Hushai,  "  thou  knowest  thy  father  and  his  men,  that  they 
*sfi^'' ji?!"i8^  25.  be.  mighty  men,  and  they  be  *chafed  in  their  minds,  as 'a  bear  robbed 
of  her  whelps  in  the  field  ;  and  thy  father  is  a  man  of  war,  and  will 
not  lodge  with  the  people.  ^  Behold,  he  is  hid  now  in  some  pit,  or  in 
some  other  place ;  and  it  will  come  to  pass,  when  some  of  them  be 
toverthrown  at  the  first,  that  whosoever  hearcth  it  will  say.  There  is 
a  slaughter  among  the  people  that  follow  Absalom.  ^^  And  he  also 
that  is  valiant,  whose  heart  is  as  the  heart  of  a  lion,  shall  utterly  melt ; 
for  all  Israel  knoweth  that  thy  father  is  a  mighty  man,  and  they  which 
be  with  him  are  valiant  men.  *^  Therefore  1  counsel  that  all  Israel  be 
generally  gathered  unto  thee,  from  Dan  even  to  Beer-sheba.  ^as  the 
sand  that  is  by  the  sea  for  multitude  ;  and  Uhat  thou  go  to  battle  in 
thine  own  person.  ^~  So  shall  we  come  upon  him  in  some  place  where 
he  shall  be  found,  and  we  will  light  upon  him  as  the  dew  falleth  on 
the  ground  ;  and  of  him  and  of  all  the  men  that  are  with  him  there 
shall  not  be  left  so  much  as  one.  ^^  Moreover,  if  he  be  gotten  into  a 
city,  then  shall  all  Israel  bring  ropes  to  that  city,  and  we  will  draw  it 
into  the  river,  until  there  be  not  one  small  stone  found  there."  ^^  And 
Absalom  and  all  the  men  of  Israel  said,  "  The  counsel  of  Hushai  the 
Archite  is  better  than  the  counsel  of  Ahithophel."  For  the  Lord  had 
'^ appointed  to  defeat  the  good  counsel  of  Ahithophel,  to  the  intent  that 
the  Lord  might  bring  evil  upon  Absalom. 

^^  Then  said  Hushai  unto  Zadok  and  to  Abiathar  the  priests,  "  Thus 
and  thus  did  Ahithophel  counsel  Absalom  and  the  elders  of  Israel ; 
and  thus  and  thus  have  I  counselled.  ^^  Now  therefore  send  quickly, 
and  tell  David,  saying,  Lodge  not  this  night  in  the  plains  of  the  wil- 
derness, but  speedily  pass  over ;  lest  the  king  be  swallowed  up,  and 
all  the  people  that  are  with  him."  ^~  Now  Jonathan  and  Ahimaaz  staid 
by  En-rogel,  for  they  might  not  be  seen  to  come  into  the  city  ;  and 
a  wench  went  and  told  them,  and  they  went  and  told  king  David. 
^^  Nevertheless  a  lad  saw  them,  and  told  Absalom  ;  but  they  went  both 
of  them  away  quickly,  and  came  to  a  man's  house  in  Bahurim,  which 
had  a  well  in  his  court,  whither  they  went  down.  ^^  And  the  woman 
took  and  spread  a  covering  over  the  well's  mouth,  and  spread  ground 
corn  thereon,  and  the  thing  was  not  known.  "^"And  when  Absalom's 
servants  came  to  the  woman  to  the  house,  they  said,  "  Where  is  Ahim- 
aaz and  Jonathan  ?  "  And  'the  woman  said  unto  them,  "  They  be 
gone  over  the  brook  of  water."  And  when  they  had  sought  and  could 
not  find  them,  they  returned  to  Jerusalem.  ~*  And  it  came  to  pass, 
after  they  were  departed,  that  they  came  up  out  of  the  well,  and  went 
and  told  king  David,  and  said  unto  David,  "  Arise,  and  pass  quickly 
over  the  water ;  for  thus  hath  Ahithophel  counselled  against  you." 
^-Then  David  arose,  and  all  the  people  that  were  with  him,  and  they 
passed  over  Jordan :  by  the  morning  light  there  lacked  not  one  of  them 
that  was  not  gone  over  Jordan. 

^^  And  when  Ahithophel  saw  that  his  counsel  was  not  ffollowed,  he 
.saddled  his  ass,  and  arose,  and  gat  him  home  to  his  house,  to  his  city, 
and  tput  his  household  in  order,  and  'hanged  himself,  and  died,  and 
was  buried  in  the  sepulchre  of  his  father. 

-^  Then  David  came  to  Mahanaim.  And  Absalom  passed  over  Jor- 
dan, he  and  all  the  men  of  Israel  with  him.  -^And  Absalom  made 
Amasa  captain  of  the  host  instead  of  Joab  :  which  Amasa  was  a  man's 
son,  whose  name  was  *Ithra  an  Israelite,  that  went  in  to  tAbigail  the 
daughter  of  INahash,  sister  to  Zeruiah,  Joab's  mother.  ~^  So  Israel  and 
Absalom  pitch.ed  in  the  land  of  Gilead. 

^' And  it  came  to  pass,  when  David  was  come  to  Mahanaim,  that 


h  See  Ex.  1.  19. 
Jos.  2.  4.  &c. 


J  Htib.  gave 
chiirge  cone 
injT  his  home 
2  Ki.  20.  1. 


*  Or,  .Trther  an 

I.ihmaeUtc. 
t  Heb.  Ahigal. 

1  Ch.  2.  16,  17. 
X  Or,  Jcise. 

See  1  Ch.  2.  13, 

Iti. 


Part  VIL] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  ABSALOM'S  REBELLION.         489 


'  Or,  cups. 


A.  M.  2981. 
B. C.  1033. 
Hales,  1036. 


PSALM  XLII. 


*  Or,  jS  Psalm 
giving  instruc- 
tion of  the  sons, 
4-c.  See  1  Ch. 
6.  33,  37.  &  25. 
5. 

t  Heb.  brayeth. 

a  Vs.  63.  1.  Jo.  7. 
37. 

b  1  Thes.  1.  9. 

c  Ps.  80.  5. 

d  Ps.  79.  10. 

e  Job  30.  16.  Ps. 
62.  8. 

/Is.  30.  29. 

g  Ps.  43.  5. 

X  Heb.  bowed 
down. 

h  La.  3.  24. 

*  Or,  give  thanks. 

f  Or,  His  presence 
is  salvation. 

t  Or,  the  little  hill, 
Ps.  133.  3. 

iJe.  4.20.  Ez.  7. 
26. 


.  38.  6. 
killing. 


PSALM    XLIII. 


6fal. 


Shobi  the  son  of  Nahash  of  Rabbah  of  the  children  of  Ammon,  and 
Machir  the  son  of  Ammiel  of  Lo-debar,  and  Barzillai  the  Gilead'ite  of 
Rogehm,  28  brought  beds,  and  *basons,  and  earthen  vessels,  and  wheat, 
and  barley,  and  flour,  and  parched  corn,  and  beans,  and  lentils,  and 
parched  pulse,  ^^  and  honey,  and  butter,  and  sheep,  and  cheese  of  kine, 
for  David,  and  for  the  people  that  were  with  him,  to  eat ;  for  they  said^ 
"  The  people  is  hungry,  and  weary,  and  thirsty,  in  the  wilderness." 

Section  Xlll.— Psalms  composed  by  David  during  Absalom's  Rebellion. 

PSALM  XLII.(62) 

David's  zeal  to  serve  God  in  the  temple.    5  He  encourageth  his  soul  to  trust  in  God. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  *Maschil,  for  the  sons  of  Korah. 

1  As  the  hart  tpanteth  after  the  water  brooks, 

So  panteth  my  soul  after  thee,  O  God  ! 
2  My  "soul  thirsteth  for  God,  for  ''the  living  God  : 

When  shall  I  come  and  appear  before  God  ? 
^  My  'tears  have  been  my  meat  day  and  night, 

While  ''they  continually  say  unto  me,  "  Where  is  thy  God  ? " 
"^  When  I  remember  these  things,  'I  pour  out  my  soul  in  me  ; 

For  I  had  gone  with  the  multitude, 

I  ^went  with  them  to  the  house  of  God, 

With  the  voice  of  joy  and  praise. 

With  a  multitude  that  kept  holyday. 

'^  Why  'art  thou  tcast  down,  O  my  soul  ? 

And  why  art  thou  disquieted  in  me  ? 

Hope  "thou  in  God — for  I  shall  yet  *praise  him 

tFor  the  help  of  his  countenance. 

^  O  my  God  !  my  soul  is  cast  down  within  me  : 

Therefore  will  I  remember  thee  from  the  land  of  Jordan, 

And  of  the  Hermonites,  from  Ithe  hill  Mizar. 
"^  Deep  'calleth  unto  deep  at  the  noise  of  thy  waterspouts  : 

All  ^thy  waves  and  thy  billows  are  gone  over  me. 
^  Yet  the  Lord  will  '^command  his  lovingkindness  in  the  daytime, 

And  'in  the  night  his  song  shall  be  with  me, 

And  my  prayer  unto  the  God  of  my  life. 
^  I  will  say  unto  God  my  rock,  Why  hast  thou  forgotten  me  ? 

Why  "go  I  mourning  because  of  the  oppression  of  the  enemy  ? 
^•^  As  with  a  *sword  in  my  bones,  mine  enemies  reproach  me ; 

While  "they  say  daily  unto  me,  "  Where  is  thy  God  ?  " 
^^  Why  art  thou  cast  down,  O  my  soul  ? 

And  why  art  thou  disquieted  within  me  ? 

Hope  thou  in  God — for  I  shall  yet  praise  him, 

Who  is  the  health  of  my  countenance,  and  my  God. 

PSALM  XLI1I.(63) 

David,  praying  to  be  restored  to  the  temple,  promiseth  to  serve  God  joyfully.     5  He  encourageth  his 
soul  to  trust  in  God. 

^  Judge  me,  O  God, 
And  plead  my  cause  against  an  *ungodly  nation : 


(S2)  Psalm  xlii.  In  his  flight  from  Absalom,  David 
does  not  rest  till  he  reaches  the  river  Jordan.  While 
reposing  on  its  banks,  he  composes  the  forty-second 
Psahu,  and  remembers  the  Lord  from  the  land  of 
Jordan,  (ver.  6.)  In  contemplating  the  waters  of 
its  river,  he  affectingly  alludes  to  his  own  misery  : 
'•All  ihy  billows  and  waves  are  gone  over  me." 
CLiohtfoot  in  loc.)  That  this  Psalm  was  written  at 
this  time,  is  suggested  by  Dr.  Wells,  who  observes  : 
"  This  Psalm  was  most  probably  composed  by 
D.ivid.  when  he  was  driven  by  Absalom  from  Jeru 
salem,  and  so  from  servlnp'  G-od  at,  his  own  house 
or  tabernacle,  on  Mount  Sion ;  which  he  bewails 

VOL  I.  62 


as  a  great  calamity,  with  hopes  of  being  enabled  by 
God  to  return  thither  again." — Dr.  Wells's  Covi- 
ment.  vol.  iii.  p.  133. 

(®^)  This  Psalm,  in  all  probability  was  composed 
on  the  same  occasion  as  the  42d,  (vide  Bishop 
Patrick  in  loc.)  Bishop  Lowth  was  of  opinion  that 
the  42d  and  43d  Psalms  were  originally  but  one  • 
and  the  suppositmn  is  confirmed  by  more  than 
thirty  manuscripts.  The  43d  Psalm  seems  to  have 
been  written  about  the  same  time  as  tlie  42d. 
Compare  the  last  verses  of  the  two  Psalms  together. 
—  Lightfoot. 

Paalm  Iv.   Lightfoot,  and  Dr.  Hales  (^.dnal.  vol. 


490  DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  ABSALOM'S  REBELLION.     [Period  IV. 

tHeb./rflma  Q  delivcr  me  ffrom  the  deceitful  and  unjust  man. 

man  nf  deceit  and     „  r\  i  i        /-i      i       /•  ^  j.1 

iniquity.  ^  For  thou  art  the  God  of  my  strength : 

Why  dost  thou  cast  me  off? 

Why  go  I  mourning  because  of  the  oppression  of  the  enemy  ? 
aP8.40.ii.  3  o  "send  out  thy  hght  and  thy  truth: 

Let  them  lead  me  ; 

Let  them  bring  me  unto  thy  holy  hill,  and  to  thy  tabernacles. 
^  Then  will  I  go  unto  the  altar  of  God, 
X  Heb.  the  glad-        Uuto  God  tmy  exceeding  joy  : 

nessofmyjoy.         ^^^^  upoti  the  harp  will  I  praisc  thee,  O  God  my  God ! 
^  Why  art  thou  cast  down,  O  my  soul  ? 

And  why  art  thou  disquieted  within  me  ? 

Hope  in  God — for  I  shall  yet  praise  Him, 

Who  is  the  health  of  my  countenance,  and  my  God. 

PSALM  LV.  PSALM   LV. 

David  in  his  prayer  complaineth  of  his  fearful  case.     9  He  praijeth  against  his  enemies,  of  whose 

wickedness  and  treachery  he  complaineth.     16  He  comforteth  himself  in  God's  preservation  of 
him.  and  confusion  of  his  enemies. 

To  the  chief  Musician  on  Ne^inoth,  Maschil,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Give  ear  to  my  prayer,  O  God  ! 
And  hide  not  thyself  from  my  supplication. 
^  Attend  unto  me,  and  hear  me  : 
oia.  38. 14.  I  "mourn  in  my  complaint,  and  make  a  noise  ; 

3  Because  of  the  voice  of  the  enemy, 
Because  of  the  oppression  of  the  wicked : 
For  they  cast  iniquity  upon  me. 
And  in  wrath  they  hate  me. 

■*  My  heart  is  sore  pained  within  me : 
And  the  terrors  of  death  are  fallen  upon  me. 
^  Fearfulness  and  trembling  are  come  upon  me, 
•  Heb.  cohered  And  horror  hath  *overwhelmed  me. 

""■  6  jYn(j  I  said,  O  that  I  had  wings  like  a  dove  ! 

For  then  would  I  fly  away,  and  be  at  rest. 
■^  Lo  !  then  would  I  wander  far  off. 

And  remain  in  the  wilderness.   Selah  ! 
^  I  would  hasten  my  escape 
From  the  windy  storm  and  tempest. 

^  Destroy,  O  Lord,  and  divide  their  tongues : 
jje.  6. 7.  For  I  have  seen  S'iolence  and  strife  in  the  city. 

^°  Day  and  night  they  go  about  it  upon  the  walls  thereof: 

Mischief  also  and  sorrow  are  in  the  midst  of  it. 
^^  Wickedness  is  in  the  midst  thereof : 

Deceit  and  guile  depart  not  from  her  streets. 

ii.  p.  331.)  refer  this  Psalin  to  the  occasion  of  Ahi-  was  persecuted  by  Saul  or  Absalom.    It  is  inserted 

thophel's  treachery  :  it  is  generally  considered  as  a  here  as  more  applicable  to  the  circumstances  of  the 

prophecy  of  the  treachery  of  Judas,  and  is  quoted  revolt  of  Absalom  than  the  persecution  of  Saul, 

as  such  by  St.  Peter,  Acts  i.  20.  Psalm    Ixii.    David    professes   his   trust  in   God 

Psalm  iv.  David  ])robably  composed  this  Psalm  during  the  unnatural  persecution  of  his  son.  Gal- 
on the  same  occasion  that  he  wrote  the  third,  met ;  Home,  Cr/)!.  /7(^  vol.  ii.  p.  IGO. 
(Bishop  Patrick.)  Liirhtfoot  has  a  curious  tliouoht  Psalm  cxliii.  Written  durinnr  the  war  with  Absa- 
on  the  7th  verse  of  this  Psalm.  David  is  e-tpressintr  lom.  Dr.  Wells;  Calmet ;  Home  ut  supra, 
his  confidence  in  God  ;  and  proceeds  to  say,  that  Psalm  cxliv.  A  thanksgiving  for  David's  vic- 
his  reliance  on  the  providence  of  God  affords  him  tories  over  Absalom,  and  other  rebels.  Calmet; 
greater  gladness  of  heart  than  he  felt  at  that  moment  Home. 

when,  in  the  midst  of  his  suffering  and  weariness.  Psalm  Ixx.    This  Psalm  is  supposed  to  have  been 
his  own   temporal   wants,  as  well  as  those  of  his  used  bv  David  continually  during  Absalom's  rebel- 
followers,  were  so  abundantly  relieved  by  the  corn  lion.    Wells's  Commrnt.  in  loc.  note, 
and  wine  of  the  thre.-  wealthy  men  who  supplied  Psalm    Ixxi.    It   is  generally    thought   that  this 
him  with  provision  at  Mahanann,  2  Sam.  xvii.  27.  Psalm    was  composed  by    David    on    occasion  of 

Psalm  v.    This  Psalm  is  among  those  of  which  Absalom's  rebellion,  when  David  was  old  and  gray- 

the  date  and  occasion  are  quite  uncertain.    Dr.  Ed-  headed.    Dr.  Wells  in   loc;  Calmet;  Home;  Dr. 

wards  conjectures  that  it  was  composed  when  David  Gray. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  ABSALOM'S  REBELLION.         491 


d  Ps.  35.  26. 

&.  38.  16. 


I  Heb.  according 
tu  my  rank. 


■  Or,  the  grave. 


e  Da.  6.  10.  Lu. 
18.  1.  Ac.  3.  1. 
&  10.3,9,30. 
1  Thes.  5.  17. 


/De.  33.27. 

f  Or,  TVith  whom 
also  there  be  no 
changes,  Yet  they 
fear  not  Ood. 

g  Ac.  12.  1. 

I  Heb.  profaned. 

h  Ps.  28.  3.  &  57. 
4.  &  62.  4.  & 
64.  3.  Pr.  5.  3,4. 
&  12.  18. 


*  Or,  gift.  Mat.  6. 
25.  1  Pet.  5.  7. 
t  Ps.  37.  24. 


J  Heb.  shall  not 
half  their  days. 
Job  15.  32.  Pt. 
10.27.  Ec.7.17. 


1-  For  'it  was  not  an  enemy  that  reproached  me  ; 

Then  I  could  have  borne  it : 

Neither  was  it  he  that  hated  me  that  did  '^magnify  himself  against  me ; 

Then  I  would  have  hid  myself  from  him. 
^^  But  it  was  thou — a  man  tmine  equal, 

My  guide,  and  mine  acquaintance. 
^^  tWe  took  sweet  counsel  together, 

And  walked  unto  the  house  of  God  in  company. 
^^  Let  death  seize  upon  them, 

And  let  them  go  down  quick  into  *hell ; 

For  wickedness  is  in  their  dwelHngs,  and  among  them. 
^^  As  for  me,  I  will  call  upon  God  ; 

And  the  Lord  shall  save  me. 
^■^  Evening,  '^and  morning,  and  at  noon, 

Will  I  pray,  and  cry  aloud  ; 

And  he  shall  hear  my  voice. 
^^  He  hath  delivered  my  soul  in  peace 

From  the  battle  that  was  against  me  ; 

For  there  were  many  with  me. 
^9  God  shall  hear,  and  afflict  them. 

Even  -^he  that  abideth  of  old.  Selah  ! 
tBecause  they  have  no  changes. 

Therefore  they  fear  not  God. 
2°  He  hath  ^put  forth  his  hands  against  such  as  be  at  peace  with  him : 

He  hath  t broken  his  covenant. 
21  The  "words  of  his  mouth  were  smoother  than  butter, 

But  war  was  in  his  heart : 

His  words  were  softer  than  oil. 

Yet  were  they  drawn  swords. 

22  Cast  thy  *burden  upon  the  Lord, 

And  he  shall  sustain  thee  : 

He  'shall  never  suffer  the  righteous  to  be  moved. 
23  But  thou,  O  God,  shalt  bring  them  down  into  the  pit  of  destruction : 

tBloody  and  deceitful  men  tshall  not  live  out  half  their  days ; 

But  I  will  trust  in  thee. 


2  He  reproveth  and  exhorteth  his  enemies. 
God's  favor. 


6  Man's  happiness  is  in 


*  Or,  Overseer, 
Hab.  3.  19. 


a2Ti.  2.  19. 
2  Pe.  2.  9. 

6  Epli.  4.  26. 

c  Ps.  77.  6.  2  Co. 

13.5. 
d  De.  33.  19.  Pa. 

50.  14. 
e  Ps.  37.  3. 

/Nu.  6.26.  Ps. 
80.  3,  7,  19. 
g  Is.  9.  3. 

A  Job  11.  18,  19. 

Ps.  3.  5. 
iLe.  25.  18,19. 


David  prayeth  for  audience. 

To  the  *chief  Musician  on  Ne^inoth,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Hear  me  when  I  call,  O  God  of  my  righteousness  ! 
Thou  hast  enlarged  me  when  I  was  in  distress  ; 
tHave  mercy  upon  me,  and  hear  my  prayer. 

2  O  ye  sons  of  men,  how  long  will  ye  turn  my  glory  into  shame  ? 
How  long  will  ye  love  vanity,  and  seek  after  leasing  ?  Selah  ! 

3  But  know  that  "the  Lord  hath  set  apart  him  that  is  godly  for  himself: 

The  Lord  will  hear  when  I  call  unto  him. 
^  Stand  'in  awe,  and  sin  not  : 

Commune  "with  your  own  heart  upon  your  bed,  and  be  still.  Selah ! 

5  Offer  "the  sacrifices  of  righteousness, 
And  "put  your  trust  in  the  Lord. 

6  There  be  many  that  say,  "  Who  will  show  us  any  good  ? " 
Lord,  -^lift  thou  up  the  light  of  thy  countenance  upon  us. 

■^  Thou  hast  put  ^gladness  in  my  heart. 

More  than  in  the  time  that  their  corn  and  their  wine  increased. 
^  I  "will  both  lay  me  down  in  peace,  and  sleep  ; 

For  'thou,  Lord,  only  makest  me  dwell  in  safety. 


492 


DAVID'S  PSAUVIS  DURING  ABSALOM'S  REBELLION.     [Period  IV. 


b  Hab.  1.  13. 
•  Heb.  before 

Vuju  eyes. 
e  Re.  21.  8. 
d  P3.  55.  23. 
■f  Heb.  the  man  of 

blood  and  deceit. 


X  Heb.  the  temple 
of  thy  holiness. 
1  Ki.  8.  29,  30, 
35,  38.  Ps.  28.  2. 

*  Heb.  those 
which  observe 
me.  Ps.  27.  11. 

t  Or,  steadfast. 

X  Heb.  ra  his 
■mouth,  that  is, 
in  the  mouth  of 
any  of  them. 

*  Heb.  wicked- 
nesses. 

eLu.  11.  44.  Ko. 

3.  13. 
t  Or,  Make  them 

guUty. 
X  Or,  fritm  their 

coutisels. 
/Is.  65.  13. 

*  Heb.  thou  cover- 


t  Heb.  crown  him. 
See  Ge.  15.  1. 


PSALM  LXII. 


•  1  Ch.  25.  1,  3. 
t  Or,  Only. 
X  Heb.  is  sUent. 
Ps.  65. 1. 


f  Heb.  in  tKei 
inward  parts 


look  up. 


mine  ene- 
[mies ; 


e  1  Sa.  1.  15.  Ps. 
42.  4.  La.  2.  19. 


PSALM    V. 
David  prayeth,  and  professelli  his  study  in  prayer.     4  God  favoreth  not  the  wicked.     7  David,  pro- 
fessing his  faith,  prayeth  unio  God  to  guide  him,  10  to  destroy  his  enemies,  11  and  to  preserve 
the  godly. 

To  the  chief  iMusician  upon  Nehiloth,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Give  ear  to  my  words,  O  Lord  ! 

Consider  my  meditation. 
^  Hearken  unto  the  voice  of  my  cry,  my  King,  and  my  God ; 

For  unto  thee  will  I  pray. 
^  My  "voice  shalt  thou  hear  in  the  morning,  O  Lord  ; 

In  the  morning  will  I  direct  my  prayer  unto  thee,  and  wil 
*  For  thou  art  not  a  God  that  hath  pleasure  in  wickedness  ; 

Neither  shall  evil  dwell  with  thee. 
^  The  'foolish  shall  not  stand  *in  thy  sight : 

Thou  hatest  all  workers  of  iniquity. 
•^  Thou  "shalt  destroy  them  that  speak  leasing  : 

The  ''Lord  will  abhor  tthe  bloody  and  deceitful  man. 
"^  But  as  for  me, 

I  will  come  into  thy  house  in  the  multitude  of  thy  mercy 

And  in  thy  fear  will  I  worship  toward  tthy  holy  temple. 
'^  Lead  me,  O  Lord,  in  thy  righteousness^  because  of  * 

Make  thy  way  straight  before  my  face. 
^  For  there  is  no  t faithfulness  tin  their  mouth ; 

Their  inward  part  is  *very  wickedness  ; 

Their  'throat  is  an  open  sepulchre  ; 

They  flatter  with  their  tongue. 
^^  tDestroy  thou  them,  O  God  ! 

Let  them  fall  tby  their  own  counsels  ; 

Cast  them  out  in  the  multitude  of  their  transgressions ; 

For  they  have  rebelled  against  thee. 

^'  But  let  all  those  that  put  their  trust  in  thee  ■'"rejoice : 

Let  them  ever  shout  for  joy,  because  *thou  defendest  them 

Let  them  also  that  love  thy  name  be  joyful  in  thee. 
^~  For  thou,  Lord,  wilt  bless  the  righteous  ; 

With  favor  wilt  thou  tcompass  him  as  with  a  shield. 

PSALJI  LXII. 

David,  professing  his  confidence  in  God,  discourageth  his  enemies 
encourageth  the  godly.  9  No  trust  is  to  be  put  in  worldly  things 
to   God. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  to  *Jcdulhun,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  ITruly  my  soul  twaiteth  upon  God  : 

From  him  cometh  my  salvation. 
^  He  only  is  my  rock  and  my  salvation ; 

He  is  my  *defence — I  shall  not  be  greatly  moved. 
^  How  long  will  ye  imagine  mischief  against  a  man  ? 

Ye  shall  be  slain  all  of  you  : 

As  "a  bowing  wall  shall  ye  be,  and  as  a  tottering  fence. 
"*  They  only  consult  to  cast  him  down  from  his  excellency ; 

They  delight  in  lies  ; 

They  bless  with  their  mouth — but  they  curse  tinwardly.     Selah 
•''  My  soul,  wait  thou  only  upon  God  ; 

For  my  expectation  is  from  him. 
^  He  only  is  my  rock  and  my  salvation  : 

He  is  my  defence — I  shall  not  be  moved. 
'  In  ''God  is  my  salvation  and  my  glory : 

The  rock  of  my  strength,  and  my  refuge,  is  in  God. 
®  Trust  in  him  at  all  times,  ye  people, 

Pour  "out  your  heart  before  him  : 


5  In  the  same  confdence  he 
1 1  Poicer  and  mercy  belong 


God  is  a  refuse  for 


Selah 


Part  VII.l 


DAVID'S  PSALMS  DURING  ABSALOM'S  REBELLION.         493 


dPs.20.5,  11. 

Is.  40.  15,  17. 

Ro.  3.  4. 
J  Or,  alike. 
eJob31.  25.  Ps. 

53.  7.   Lu.  12. 

15.  1  Ti.  6.   17. 
*  Or,  strength. 

Re.  19.  1. 
/Ps.  86.  15.  Da. 

9.9. 
s- Job  34.  11.  Pr. 

24.  12.  Je.  32. 

19.  Ez.  7.  27. 

Mat.  16.  27.  Ro. 

2.  6.  1  Co.  3.  8. 

2  Co.  5.  10.  Eph. 

6.  8.  Col.  3.  25. 

1  Pe.  1.  17.  Re. 

22.  12. 

PS.  CXLIII. 


a  Job  14.  3. 

6  Ex.  34.  7.  Job 
4.  17.  Ps.  130.  3. 
Ec.  7.  20.  Ro.  3. 
20.  Gal.  2.  16. 


c  See  Job  11.  13, 
&:c. 


*  Or,  For  lam  be- 
come like,  ^c.  Ps. 


t  Heb.  hide  me 

with  thee. 
d  Ps.  25.  4,  5. 
els.  26.  10. 
/Ps.  119.  25,  37, 

40,  &c. 


*  Heb.  rock,  Ps. 

18.2,31. 
t  Heb.  to  the  war, 

X  Or,  mercy. 


^  Surely  ''men  of  low  degree  are  vanity, 

And  men  of  high  degree  are  a  lie  : 

To  be  laid  in  the  balance,  they  are  taltogether  lighter  than  vanity. 
1°  Trust  not  in  oppression,  and  become  not  vain  in  robbery: 

If  'riches  increase,  set  not  your  heart  upon  them. 
^1  God  hath  spoken  once — twice  have  I  heard  this ; 

That  *  power  belongeth  unto  God. 
12  Also  unto  thee,  O  Lord,  belongeth  -^mercy  ; 

For  °'thou  renderest  to  every  man  according  to  his  work. 

PSALM  CXLIII. 

David  prayelh  for  favor  in  iud2:nient.  3  He  complaineth  of  his  griefs.  5  He.  strengthenetk  his  faith 
bymeditalion  and  praijer.  "7  He  prayeth  for  grace,  9  for  deliverance,  10  Jor  sanctijication,  \Z 
for  destruction  of  his  enemies. 

A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Hear  my  prayer,  O  Lord  !  give  ear  to  my  supplications  : 

In  thy  faithfulness  answer  me,  and  in  thy  righteousness. 
-  And  "enter  not  into  judgment  with  thy  servant ; 

For  ''in  thy  sight  shall  no  man  living  be  justified. 
^  For  the  enemy  hath  persecuted  my  soul ; 

He  hath  smitten  my  life  down  to  the  ground  ; 

He  hath  made  me  to  dwell  in  darkness, 

As  those  that  have  been  long  dead. 
■*  Therefore  is  my  spirit  overwhelmed  within  me ; 

My  heart  within  me  is  desolate. 
^  I  remember  the  days  of  old  ; 

I  meditate  on  all  thy  works  ; 

I  muse  on  the  work  of  thy  hands. 
^  I  "stretch  forth  my  hands  unto  thee  : 

My  soul  thirsteth  after  thee,  as  a  thirsty  land.     Selah  ! 
^  Hear  me  speedily,  O  Lord — my  spirit  faileth : 

Hide  not  thy  face  from  me, 

*Lest  I  be  like  unto  them  that  go  down  into  the  pit. 
s  Cause  me  to  hear  thy  lovingkindness  in  the  morning ; 

For  in  thee  do  I  trust : 

Cause  me  to  know  the  way  wherein  I  should  walk  ; 

For  I  lift  up  my  soul  unto  thee. 
^  Deliver  me,  O  Lord,  from  mine  enemies : 

I  tflee  unto  thee  to  hide  me. 
1°  Teach  "me  to  do  thy  will ;  for  thou  art  my  God  : 

Thy  spirit  is  good  ;  lead  me  into  'the  land  of  uprightness. 

11  Quicken  Aue,  O  Lord,  for  thy  name's  sake  : 

For  thy  righteousness'  sake  bring  my  soul  out  of  trouble. 

12  And  of  thy  mercy  cut  off  mine  enemies, 
And  destroy  all  them  that  afflict  my  soul ; 
For  I  am  thy  servant. 

PSALM  CXLIV. 

David  blesseth  God  for  his  mercy  both  to  him  and  to  man.    5  He  prayeth  that  God  would  powerfully 
deliver  him  from  his  enemies.     9  He  promiseth  to  praise  God.    1 1  He  pratjethfor  the  happy  state 
of  the  kins-dom. 
■^  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Blessed  be  the  Lord  my  *strength. 
Which  teacheth  my  hands  f  to  war,  and  my  fingers  to  fight ! 
2  My  tgoodness,  and  my  fortress  ; 
My  high  tower,  and  my  deliverer  ; 
My  shield,  and  he  in  whom  I  trust; 
Who  subdueth  my  people  under  me. 

3 Lord,  "what  is  man,  that  thou  takest  knowledge  of  him! 
Or  the  son  of  man,  that  thou  makest  account  of  him  ! 

2p 


494 


DAVID'S  PS  A  T.MS  DURING  ABSALOM'S  REBELLION.         [Period  IV. 


6  Job  4.  19.  Ps. 
39.  5. 

e  Ps.  102.  11. 
d  P«.  18.  9.  Ie.  64. 

t  Ps.  104.  32. 


/■Ps.  18.  50. 
\  Or,  victory. 


X  Heb.  Cut. 


*  Ueb.  from  kind 
to  kind. 


t  Heb.  able  to 
bear  burdens,  or, 
loaden  with 
flesh. 

g  Be.  33.  29.  Ps. 
33.  12. 


Man  ''is  like  to  vanity  : 

His  'days  are  as  a  shadow  that  passeth  away. 

^  Bow  ''thy  heavens,  O  Lord  !  and  come  down  : 
Touch  'the  mountains,  and  tliey  shall  smoke. 
Cast  forth  lightning,  and  scatter  them  : 
Shoot  out  thine  arrows,  and  destroy  them. 
Send  thy  *hand  from  above  ; 
Rid  me,  and  deliver  me  out  of  great  waters, 
From  the  hand  of  strange  children, 
Whose  mouth  speaketh  vanity. 
And  their  right  hand  is  a  right  hand  of  falsehood. 

^  I  will  sing  a  new  song  unto  thee,  O  God  ! 
Upon  a  psaltery  and  an  instrument  of  ten  strings 
Will  I  sing  praises  unto  thee. 
It  •'^is  he  that  giveth  f  salvation  unto  kings  : 
Who  delivereth  David  his  servant  from  the  hurtful  sword. 
Rid  me,  and  deliver  me  from  the  hand  of  strange  children, 
Whose  mouth  speaketh  vanity, 
And  their  right  hand  is  a  right  hand  of  falsehood  : 
That  our  sons  may  be  as  plants  grown  up  in  their  youth  ; 
That  our  daughters  may  be  as  corner  stones, 
tPolished  after  the  similitude  of  a  palace  : 
That  our  garners  may  be  full,  aftbrding  *all  manner  of  store  : 
That  our  sheep  may  bring  forth  thousands  and  ten  thousands  in  our 
That  our  oxen  may  be  tstrong  to  labor  ;  [streets  : 

That  there  be  no  breaking  in,  nor  going  out ; 
That  there  be  no  complaining  in  our  streets, 
Happy  °'is  that  people,  that  is  in  such  a  case  ! 
Yea,  happy  is  that  people,  whose  God  is  the  Lord  ! 


PSALM   LXX. 


I  Heb.  to  my  help. 


Ps.  40.  15,  &.C. 


PSALM  LXX. 

David  soliciteth  God  to  the  speedy  destruction  of  the  wicked,  and  preservation  of  the  godly. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psahn  of  Uavid,  *to  bring  to  remembrance. 

1  Make  haste,  O  God,  to  deliver  me ! 

Make  haste  f  to  help  me,  O  Lord  1 
^  Let  them  be  ashamed  and  confounded 

That  seek  after  my  soul : 

Let  them  be  turned  backward,  and  put  to  confusion. 

That  desire  my  hurt. 
2  Let  "them  be  turned  back  for  a  reward  of  their  shame 

That  say.  Aha  !  aha  ! 
^  Let  all  those  that  seek  thee  rejoice  and  be  glad  in  thee : 

And  let  such  as  love  thy  salvation  say  continually, 

Let  God  be  magnified  ! 
^  But  1  am  poor  and  needy  : 

Make  haste  unto  me,  O  God ! 

Thou  art  my  help  and  my  deliverer ; 

O  Lord,  make  no  tarrying ! 


PSALM    LXXI. 


6  Ps.  31.  1. 
c  Ps.  17.  6. 
*  Heb.  to  me  for 


PSALM    LXXL 

David,  in  confidence  of  faith,  ami  experience  of  God's  favor,  prayeth  both  for  himself,  and  against 


for  perseverance.     19  He 


kith,  ami  experience  of  God's  favor,  prayeth  both  foi 
the  enemies  of  his'soul.  14  He  promiselh  constancy.  17  He  prayeth  for 
praiseth  Go'd,  and  promiseth  to  do  it  cheerfully. 

^  In  "thee,  O  Lord  !  do  I  put  my  trust : 

Let  me  never  be  put  to  confusion. 
-  Deliver  'me  in  thy  righteousness,  and  cause  me  to  escape : 

Incline  "thine  ear  unto  me,  and  save  me. 
3  Be  thou  *my  strong  habitation,  whereunto  I  may  continually  resort: 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID'S  PSx\LMS  DURING  ABSALOM'S  REBELLION. 


495 


dJe.  17.7,17. 


/Is.  8.  18.  Ze.  3. 
8.  1  C6.  4.  9. 


f  Heb.  watch, 

observe. 
«-2Sa.  17.  1. 

iMat.  27.  1. 


h  Ps.  22.  11,  19. 


j  Ps.  35.  28. 


Thou  hast  given  commandment  to  save  me  ; 
For  thou  art  my  rock  and  my  fortress. 
^  Deliver  me,  O  my  God,  out  of  the  hand  of  the  wicked, 

Out  of  the  hand  of  the  unrighteous  and  cruel  man. 
^  For  thou  art  ''my  hope,  O  Lord  God  ! 

Thou  art  my  trust  from  my  youth. 
^  By  'thee  have  I  been  holden  up  from  the  womb  : 
Thou  art  he  that  took  me  out  of  my  mother's  bowels  : 
My  praise  shall  be  continually  of  thee. 

'  I  -^am  as  a  wonder  unto  many  ; 
But  thou  art  my  strong  refuge. 
s  Let  my  mouth  be  filled  with  thy  praise 

And  with  thine  honor  all  the  day. 
^  Cast  me  not  oft'  in  the  time  of  old  age  ; 

Forsake  me  not  when  my  strength  faileth. 
^^  For  mine  enemies  speak  against  me  ; 

And  they  that  tlay  wait  for  my  soul  'take  counsel  together, 
^^  Saying,  "  God  hath  forsaken  him : 
Persecute  and  take  him  ; 
For  there  is  none  to  deliver  him." 
^2  O  ''God,  be  not  far  from  me  ! 

O  my  God,  make  haste  for  my  help  ! 
^3  Let  Hhem  be  confounded  and  consumed 
That  are  adversaries  to  my  soul ; 
Let  them  be  covered  with  reproach  and  dishonor 
That  seek  my  hurt. 

1^  But  I  will  hope  continually, 
And  will  yet  praise  thee  more  and  more. 


X  Heb.  unto  old 
age  and  graij 
hairs. 

*  Heb.  tliiiie  arm. 


15  My 


ith  shall  show  forth  thy  righteousness 


t  Heb.  trith  the 
instrument  of 
psaltery.  Ps.  92. 
1-3. 

tn2Ki.  19.22.  Is. 


And  thy  salvation  all  the  day  ; 

For  I  know  not  the  numbers  thereof. 
16 1  will  go  in  the  strength  of  the  Lord  God  : 

I  will  make  mention  of  thy  righteousness,  even  of  thine  only. 
^''  O  God,  thou  hast  taught  me  from  my  youth  ; 

And  hitherto  have  I  declared  thy  wondrous  works. 
^s  Now  also  twhen  I  am  old  and  gray-headed,  O  God  !  forsake  me  not : 

Until  I  have  showed  *thy  strength  unto  this  generation, 

And  thy  power  to  every  one  that  is  to  come. 
1^  Thy  righteousness  also,  O  God,  is  very  high, 

Who  hast  done  great  things  : 

O  *'God,  who  is  like  unto  thee  ! 

20  Thou,  which  hast  showed  me  great  and  sore  troubles, 

Shalt  'quicken  me  again, 

And  shalt  bring  me  up  again  from  the  depths  of  the  earth. 

21  Thou  shalt  increase  my  greatness. 
And  comfort  me  on  every  side. 

22  I  will  also  praise  thee  twith  the  psaltery, 
Even  thv  truth,  O  my  God  ! 

Unto  thee  will  I  sing  with  the  harp,  O  thou  "Holy  One  of  Israel ! 

23  My  lips  shall  greatly" rejoice  when  I  sing  unto  thee  ; 
And  my  soul,  which  thou  hast  redeemed. 

24  My  tongue  also  shall  talk  of  thy  righteousness  all  the  day  long ; 
For  they  are  confounded,  for  they  are  brought  unto  shame. 
That  seek  my  hurt. 


496  ABS.AJLOM  IS  DEFEATED  AND  SLAIN.  [Period  IV 


SECT.  XIV.     Section  XIV. — Absalom  is  defeated  and  killed  by  Joah ; — David  returns 

to  Jerusalem. 

A.  M.  2981. 

B.  C.  1023.  2  Samuel  xviii.,  xix.,  and  sx.  3. 

'         '       David  viewing  the  armies  in  their  march  ^veth  them  charge  of  Absalom.     6  Hie  Is)-aelites  are  sore 

p  Wood  of  smitten  in  the  tcvod  of  Epiiraim.     9  Absalom,  hanging  in  an  oak,  is  slaifi  by  Joah.  and  cast  into 

P  '■"'"•  a  pit.    18  Absalom's  place.    \^  Ahimaaz  and  Cuslii  bring  tidings  to  David.     35  David  ?iwurneth 

for  Absalom  —  Chap.  ,\ix.  1  Joab  causeth  the  king  to  cease  his  mourning.     9  The  Israelites  are 

earnest  to  bring  the  king  back.  1 1  David  sendetn  to  the  priests  to  incite  them  of  Judah.  18 
Shimei  is  pardoned.  1^  Mephiboshelh  is  excused.  32  Barzillai  is  dismissed.  Chimliam  his  son 
is  taken  into  the  king's  familij.  A 1  Tl^e  Israelites  expostulate  with  Judah  for  bringing  home 
the  king  tcilhout  them.  —Chap.  xx.  3  David's  ten  concubines  are  shut  up  in  perpetual  prison. 

^  And  David  numbered  the  people  that  were  with  him,  and  set  cap- 
tains of  thousands  and  captains  of  hundreds  over  them.  ^  And  David 
sent  forth  a  third  part  of  the  people  under  the  hand  of  Joab,  and  a 
third  part  under  the  hand  of  Abishai  the  son  of  Zeruiah,  Joab's  brother, 
and  a  third  part  under  the  hand  of  Ittai  the  Gittitc.  And  the  king 
said  unto  the  j^eople,  "  I  will  surely  go  forth  with  you  myself  also." 
^  But  the  people  answered,  "  Thou  shalt  not  go  forth ;  for  if  we  flee 

•  Heb.  5e£  their     away,  they  will  not  *care  for  us  ;  neither  if  half  of  us  die,  will  they 
ear  on  us.        ^^^^  ^^^  ^^  _  ^^^  ^^^^  ^j^^^^  ^^^  tworth  tcu  thousaud  of  us  ;  therefore 

J  HcD.  as  ten  ■^ 

thousand  of  us.  now  it  is  better  that  thou  Isuccour  us  out  of  the  city."  '*  And  the  king 
tHeb.i,etosuc-  g^j^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^  "What  secmcth  you  best  I  will  do."  And  the  king 
stood  by  the  gate  side,  and  all  the  people  came  out  by  hundreds  and 
by  thousands.  ^  And  the  king  commanded  Joab  and  Abishai  and  Ittai, 
saying,  "  Deal  gently  for  my  sake  with  the  young  man,  even  with 
Absalom."  And  all  the  people  heard  when  the  king  gave  all  the  cap- 
tains charge  concerning  Absalom. 

^  So  the  people  went  out  into  the  field  against  Israel ;  and  the  battle 
was  in  the  wood  of  Ephraim,  ''  where  the  people  of  Israel  were  slain 
before  the  servants  of  David,  and  there  was  there  a  great  slaughter 
that  day  of  twenty  thousand  men.  ^  For  the  battle  was  there  scattered 
*ff  dei>o"""'^'''^'^  ^^'^^  ^'^^  ^''^^^  °^  ^^^  ^'^^  country  ;  and  the  wood  *devoured  more  people 
that  day  than  the  sword  devoured. 

^  And  Absalom  met  the  servants  of  David.  And  Absalom  rode 
upon  a  mule,  and  the  mule  went  under  the  thick  boughs  of  a  great  oak, 
and  his  head  caught  hold  of  the  oak,  and  he  was  taken  up  between 
the  heaven  and  the  earth  ;  and  the  mule  that  was  under  him  went 
away.  ^^  And  a  certain  man  saw  it,  and  told  Joab,  and  said,  "  Behold, 
I  saw  Absalom  hanged  in  an  oak."  ^^  And  Joab  said  unto  the  man  that 
told  him,  '•  And,  behold,  thou  sawest  him,  and  why  didst  thou  not 
smite  him  there  to  the  ground  ?  and  I  would  have  given  thee  ten  shekels 
of  silver,  and  a  girdle."  ^-And  the  man  said  unto  Joab,  "Though  I 
tHeb.  weigh       should  f receive  a  thousand  shekels  of  silver  in  my  hand,  yet  would  I 

upon  my  hand.  r        i  i  i  ■  i        i   •        i  r        •  i  ■  i 

not  put  iorth  my  hand  agamst  the  king  s  son  ;  lor  m  our  hearing  the 
^^et'ot^r"'  J^ing  charged  thee  and  Abishai  and  Ittai,  saying,  '  Beware  tthat  none 
touch  the  young  man  Absalom.'  ^^  Otherwise  I  should  have  wrought 
falsehood  against  mine  own  life  ;  for  there  is  no  matter  hid  from  the 
king,  and  thou  thyself  wouldest  have  set  thyself  against  me."   ^''Then 

*  Heb.  4r/„«  «to.  gf^ifi  Joab,  "I  may  not  tarry  thus  *with  thee."  And  he  took   three 

darts  in  his  hand,  and  thrust  them  tiuough  the  heart  of  Absalom,  while 
-tiieb.Aeart.  j^^  ^^^^  ^,^^  ^U^.^  j^^  ^j^^  fiiiidst  of  tlic  oak.  1^  And  ten  young  men  that 
bare  Joab's  armor  compassed  about,  and  smote  Absalom,  and  slew  him. 
^^  And  Joab  blew  the  trumjjet,  and  the  people  returned  from  pursuing 
after  Israel ;  for  Joab  held  back  the  people.  '"And  they  took  Absa- 
lom, and  cast  him  into  a  great  pit  in  the  wood,  and  laid  a  very  great 
heap  of  stones  upon  him  ;  and  all  Israel  fled  every  one  to  his  tent, 
j,^  j^  j^  ^^  Now  Absalom  in  his  lifetime  had  taken  and  reared  up  for  himself 

6  See  2 sa.  14.27.  ^  piUai",  wiiicli  is  ill  "the  king's  dale  ;  for  lie  said,  "  1  ''have  no  son  to 


\ 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID  MOURNS  FOR  ABSALOM. 


497 


J  Heb.  judged 
him  f rum  the 
hand,  ^■c. 

*  Heb.  be  a  man 

of  tidings. 


t  Heb.  be  what 
may. 


J  Or,  convenient. 


Heb.  I  see  the 


t  Or,  "Peace  beta 

ther  !"Heh. 

Peace. 
X  Heb.  shut  up. 

*  Heb.  Is  tliere 


t  Heb.   Tidings  is 
brought. 


keep  my  name  in  remembrance."  And  he  called  the  pillar  after  his 
own  name  ;  and  it  is  called  unto  this  day,  Absalom's  Place. 

^'■'  Then  said  Ahimaaz  the  son  of  Zadok,  "  Let  me  now  run,  and 
bear  the  king  tidings,  how  that  the  Lord  hath  tavenged  him  of  his 
enemies."  ^'^  And  Joab  said  unto  him,  "  Thou  shalt  not  *bear  tidings 
this  day,  but  thou  shalt  bear  tidings  another  day  ;  but  this  day  thou 
shalt  bear  no  tidings,  because  the  king's  son  is  dead."  ^^  Then  said 
Joab  to  Cushi,  "  Go  tell  the  king  wiiat  thou  hast  seen."  And  Cushi 
bowed  himself  unto  Joab,  and  ran.  ~-  Tiien  said  Ahimaaz  the  son  of 
Zadok  yet  again  to  Joab,  "  But  thowsoever,  let  me,  I  pray  thee,  also 
run  after  Cushi."  And  Joab  said,  "  Wherefore  wilt  thou  run,  my  son, 
seeing  that  thou  hast  no  tidings  Iready  ?"  -•^"  But  howsoever,"  said 
he,  "let  me  run."  And  he  said  unto  him,  "Run."  Then  Ahimaaz 
ran  by  the  way  of  the  plain,  and  overran  Cushi.  ^^  And  David  sat  be- 
tween the  two  gates  ;  and  "^the  watchman  went  up  to  the  roof  over  the 
gate  unto  the  wall,  and  lifted  up  his  eyes,  and  looked,  and  behold  a 
man  running  alone.  '^^  And  the  watchman  cried,  and  told  the  king. 
And  the  king  said,  "  If  he  be  alone,  there  is  tidings  in  his  mouth." 
And  he  came  apace,  and  drew  near.  -''  And  the  watchman  saw  another 
man  running ;  and  the  watchman  called  unto  the  porter,  and  said, 
"  Behold  another  man  running  alone."  And  the  king  said,  "  He  also 
bringeth  tidings."  -'''And  the  watchman  said,  "  *Me  thinketh  the  run- 
ning of  the  foremost  is  like  the  running  of  Ahimaaz  the  son  of  Zadok." 
And  the  king  said,  "  He  is  a  good  man,  and  cometh  with  good  tidings." 
^^  And  Ahimaaz  called,  and  said  unto  the  king,  "  t  All  is  well !  "  And  he 
fell  down  to  the  earth  upon  his  face  before  the  king,  and  said,  "  Blessed 
be  the  Lord  thy  God,  which  hath  tdelivered  up  the  men  that  lifted  up 
their  hand  against  my  lord  the  king."  ^^  And  the  king  said,  "  *Is  the 
young  man  Absalom  safe  ?  "  And  Ahimaaz  answered,  "  When  Joab 
sent  the  king's  servant,  and  me  thy  servant,  I  saw  a  great  tumult,  but 
I  knew  not  what  it  was."  '-^^  And  the  king  said  unto  him,  "  Turn  aside, 
and  stand  here."  And  he  turned  aside,  and  stood  still.  ^^  And,  behold, 
Cushi  came  ;  and  Cushi  said,  "  tTidings,  my  lord  the  king !  for  the 
Lord  hath  avenged  thee  this  day  of  all  them  that  rose  up  against  thee." 
^-  And  the  king  said  unto  Cushi,  "  Is  the  young  man  Absalom  safe  ?  " 
And  Cushi  answered,  "  The  enemies  of  my  lord  the  king,  and  all  that 
rise  against  thee  to  do  thee  hurt,  be  as  that  young  man  is." 

^^  And  the  king  was  much  moved,  and  went  up  to  the  chamber  over 
the  gate,  and  wept :  and  as  he  went,  thus  he  said,  "  O  my  son  Absalom, 
my  son,  my  son  Absalom  !  would  God  I  had  died  for  thee,  O  Absa- 
lom, my  son,  my  son  !  " 

1  And  it  was  told  Joab,  "  Behold,  the  king  weepeth  and  2  Sam.  xix. 
mourneth  for  Absalom."  ~  And  the  tvictory  that  day  was 
turned  into  mourning  unto  all  the  people  ;  for  the  people  heard  say 
that  day  how  the  king  was  grieved  for  his  son.  ^  And  the  people  gat 
them  by  stealth  that  day  into  the  city,  as  people  being  ashamed  steal 
away  when  they  flee  in  battle.  '*  But  the  king  covered  his  face,  and 
the  king  cried  with  a  loud  voice,  "  O  my  son  Absalom,  O  Absalom, 


my  son,  my  son 


And  Joab  came  into  the  house  to  the  ki 


*  Heb.  by  loving, 

t  Heb.  that  princes 
or  servants  are 
not  to  thee. 

X  Heb.  to  the  heart 
of  thy  servants. 
Ge.  34.  d. 


said,  "  Thou  hast  shamed  this  day  the  faces  of  all  thy  servants,  which 
this  day  have  saved  thy  life,  and  the  lives  of  thy  sons  and  of  thy 
daughters,  and  the  lives  of  thy  wives,  and  the  lives  of  thy  concubines  ; 
^  *in  that  thou  lovest  thine  enemies,  and  hatest  thy  friends.  For  thou 
hast  declared  this  day,  tthat  thou  regardest  neither  princes  nor  ser- 
vants ;  for  this  day  I  perceive,  that  if  Absalom  had  lived,  and  all  we 
had  died  this  day,  then  it  had  pleased  thee  well.  ^  Now  therefore  arise, 
go  forth,  and  speak  tcomfortably  unto  thy  servants  :  for  I  swear  by  the 
63  2  p* 


498  DAVID  RETURNS  TO  JERUSALEM.  [Period  fV. 

Lord,  if  thou  go  not  forth,  there  will  not  tarry  one  with  tlicc  tliis  night; 
and  that  will  be  worse  unto  thee  than  all  the  evil  that  befell  thee  from 
thy  youth  until  now."  ^  Then  the  king  arose,  and  sat  in  the  gate.  And 
they  told  unto  all  the  people,  saying,  "  Behold,  the  king  doth  sit  in  the 
gate."  And  all  the  people  came  before  the  king ;  for  Israel  had  fled 
every  man  to  his  tent. 

9  And  all  the  people  were  at  strife  throughout  all  the  tribes  of  Israel, 
saying,  "  The  king  saved  us  out  of  the  hand  of  our  enemies,  and  he 
delivered  us  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Philistines  ;  and  now  he  is  fled  out 
of  the  land  for  Absalom.  '°  And  Absalom,  whom  we  anointed  over  us, 
*  Heb.  are  ye  si-  jg  dead  in  battle.  Now  therefore  why  *spcak  ye  not  a  w^ord  of  bringing 
the  king  back  ?  " 

11  And  king  David  sent  to  Zadok  and  to  Abiaihar  the  priests,  saying, 
"  Speak  unto  the  elders  of  Judah,  saying,  Why  are  ye  the  last  to  bring 
the  king  back  to  his  house  ?  seeing  the  speech  of  all  Israel  is  come  to 
the  king,  even  to  his  house,  i-  Ye  are  my  brethren,  ye  are  my  bones 
and  my  flesh :  wherefore  then  are  ye  the  last  to  bring  back  the  king  ? 
1^  And  say  ye  to  Amasa,  Art  thou  not  of  my  bone,  and  of  my  lU  sh  ? 
God  do  so  to  me,  and  more  also,  if  thou  be  not  captain  of  the  host  be- 
fore me  continually  in  the  room  of  Joab  !  "  ^^  And  he  bowed  the  heart 
of  all  the  men  of  Judah,  even  as  the  heart  of  one  man  ;  so  that  they 
sent  this  word  unto  the  king,  "  Return  thou,  and  all  thy  servants." 
15  So  the  king  returned,  and  came  to  Jordan.  And  Judah  came  to  Gil- 
gal,  to  go  to  meet  the  king,  to  conduct  the  king  over  Jordan. 
/I  Ki.  2. 8.  16  And  -^Shimei  the  son  of  Gera,  a  Benjamite,  which  was  of  Bahurim, 

hasted  and  came  down  with  the  men  of  Judah  to  meet  king  David. 
1'  And  there  were  a  thousand  men  of  Benjamin  with  him,  and  Ziba  the 
servant  of  the  house  of  Saul,  and  his  fifteen  sons  and  his  twenty  servants 
with  him  ;  and  they  went  over  Jordan  before  the  king.  ^^  And  there 
went  over  a  ferry-boat  to  carry  over  the  king's  household,  and  to  do 
^  Heh.  the  good  in  fwliat  lie  thought  good.  And  Shimei  the  son  of  Gera  fell  down  before 
"^^'*'  the  king,  as  he  was  come  over  Jordan  ;   ^'^  and  said  unto  the  king,  "  Let 

not  my  lord  impute  iniquity  unto  me,  neither  do  thou  remember  that 
which  thy  servant  did  perversely  the  day  that  my  lord  the  king  went 
out  of  Jerusalem,  that  the  king  should  take  it  to  his  heart.  ^^  For  thy 
servant  doth  know  that  I  have  sinned  ;  therefore,  behold,  I  am  come 
^  See  2  sa.  16. 5.  the  first  this  day  of  all  ^the  house  of  Joseph  to  go  down  to  meet  my 
lord  the  king."  ^^  But  Abishai  the  son  of  Zeruiah  answered  and  said, 
i  Ex.  22. 28.        u  g]^all  not  Shimei  be  put  to  death  for  this,  because  he  ''cursed  the 
Lord's  anointed  ?  "  ~^  And  David  said,  "  What  have  I  to  do  with  you, 
ye  sons  of  Zeruiah,  that  ye  sliould  this  day  be  adversaries  unto  me  ? 
iisa.  11.13.       ^shall  there  any  man  be  put  to  death  this  day  in  Israel?  for  do  not  I 
j  1  Ki.  2. 8, 9, 37,  know  that  I  am  this  day  king  over  Israel?"  ^3  Therefore  'the  king 
^'''  said  unto  Shimei,  "  Thou  shalt  not  die."  And  the  king  sware  unto  him. 

2''  And  Mephibosheth  the  son  of  Saul  came  down  to  meet  the  king, 
and  had  neither  dressed  his  feet,  nor  trimmed  his  beard,  nor  washed 
his  clothes,  from  the  day  the  king  departed  until  tlie  d;iy  he  came  again 
in  peace.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  was  come  to  Jerusalem  to 
meet  the  king,  that  the  king  said  unto  him,  "  Wherefore  wentest  not 
thou  with  me,  Mephibosheth?"  ~<^  And  he  answered,  "  My  lord,  O 
king,  my  servant  deceived  me  ;  for  thy  servant  said,  I  will  saddle  me 
an  ass,  that  I  may  ride  thereon,  and  go  to  the  king,  because  thy  servant 
is  lame.  ^^  And  he  hath  slandered  thy  servant  unto  my  lord  the  king ; 
but  my  lord  the  king  is  as  an  angel  of  God  :  do  therefore  what  is  good 
t^Heb.mcno/^  ill  thiuc  cycs.  ~^  For  all  of  my  Aither's  house  were  but  tdead  men  be- 
16?'  ■  '"  '  fore  my  lord  the  king  ;  yet  didst  tliou  set  thy  servant  among  them  that 
did  cat  at  thine  own  table.  What  right  therefore  have  I  yet  to  cry  any 


Part  VIL] 


THE  REVOLT  OF  SHEBA. 


499 


more  unto  the  king  ?  "  ^^  And  the  king  said  unto  him,  "  Why  speakest 
thou  any  more  of  thy  matters  ?  I  have  said,  '  Thou  and  Ziba  divide 
the  land.'  "  ^'^  And  Mephibosheth  said  unto  the  king,  "  Yea,  let  him 
take  all,  forasmuch  as  my  lord  the  king  is  come  again  in  peace  unto 
his  own  house." 

^1  And  Barzillai  the  Gileadite  came  down  from  Rogelim,  and  went 
over  Jordan  with  the  king,  to  conduct  him  over  Jordan.  ^'^  Now  Bar- 
zillai was  a  very  aged  man,  even  fourscore  years  old  ;  and  he  had 
provided  the  king  of  sustenance  while  he  lay  at  Mahanaim,  for  he  was 
a  very  great  man.  ^^  And  the  king  said  unto  Barzillai,  "  Come  thou 
over  with  me,  and  I  will  feed  thee  with  me  in  Jerusalem."  ^^  And 
^evleTeZV'  Barzilkl  said  unto  the  king,  ''  How  *long  have  I  to  live,  that  I  should 
go  up  with  the  king  unto  Jerusalem  ?  ^^  I  am  this  day  ^fourscore  years 
old  ;  and  can  I  discern  between  good  and  evil  ?  can  thy  servant  taste 
what  I  eat  or  what  I  drink  ?  can  I  hear  any  more  the  voice  of  singing 
men  and  singing  women  ?  wherefore  then  should  thy  servant  be  yet  a 


my  life  ! 
k  Ps.  90.  10, 


burden  unto  my  lord  the  ki 


■)    36 


f  Heb.  choose. 


J  Heb.  Chimhan 


*  Heb.  set  \ 
light. 


t  Heb.  a  house  of 
ward. 

J  Heb.  bound. 

*  Heb.  in  widow- 
hood of  life. 


Thy  servant  will  go  a  little  way  over 


Jordan  with  the  king  ;  and  why  should  the  king  recompense  it  me 
with  such  a  reward  ?  ^^  Let  thy  servant,  I  pray  thee,  turn  back  again, 
that  I  may  die  in  mine  own  city,  and  be  buried  by  the  grave  of  my 
father  and  of  my  mother.  But  behold  thy  servant  'Chimham  ;  let  him 
go  over  with  my  lord  the  king ;  and  do  to  him  what  shall  seem  good 
unto  thee."  ^®  And  the  king  answered,  "  Chimham  shall  go  over  with 
me,  and  I  will  do  to  him  that  which  shall  seem  good  unto  thee  ;  and 
whatsoever  thou  shalt  trequire  of  me,  that  will  I  do  for  thee."  ^SAnd 
all  the  people  went  over  Jordan.  And  when  the  king  was  come  over, 
the  king  kissed  Barzillai,  and  blessed  him  ;  and  he  returned  unto  his 
own  place.  '*°  Then  the  king  went  on  to  Gilgal,  and  jChimham  went 
on  with  him  ;  and  all  the  people  of  Judah  conducted  the  king,  and 
also  half  the  people  of  Israel. 

^^  And,  behold,  all  the  men  of  Israel  came  to  the  king,  and  said  unto 
the  king,  "  Why  have  our  brethren  the  men  of  Judah  stolen  thee  away, 
and  have  brouo;ht  the  king,  and  his  household,  and  all  David's  men 


Jordf 


And  all  the  men  of  Judah  answered  the 


with  him,  over 

men  of  Israel,  "  Because  the  king  is  near  of  kin  to  us  :  wherefore  then 
be  ye  angry  for  this  matter  ?  have  we  eaten  at  all  of  the  king's  cost  ? 
or  hath  he  given  us  any  gift  ?  "  ^^  And  the  men  of  Israel  answered  the 
men  of  Judah,  and  said,  "  We  have  ten  parts  in  the  king,  and  we  have 
also  more  right  in  David  than  ye  :  why  then  did  ye  *despise  us,  that 
our  advice  should  not  be  first  had  in  bringing  back  our  king  ? "  And 
"the  words  of  the  men  of  Judah  were  fiercer  than  the  words  of  the 
men  of  Israel. 

^  And  David  came  to  his  house  at  Jerusalem  ;  and  the    2  Sam.  xx. 
king  took  the  ten  women  his  concubines,  whom  he  had  left 
to  keep  the  house,  and  put  them  in  tward,  and  fed  them,  but  went 
not  in  unto  them.    So  they  were  tshut  up  unto  the  day  of  their  death, 
*living  in  widowhood. 


SECT.   XV. 

A.  M.  2982. 

B.  C.  1022. 
Hales,  1036. 


olKi.  12.  16. 
2  Ch.  10.  16. 


Bij  occasion  of  the  qui 
slain  by  Joab.     14 


Section  XV. — Revolt  of  Sheba ; — He  is  slain. 
2  Samuel  xx.  1,  2,  and  4,  to  the  end. 

:arrel,  Sheba  maketh  a  party  in  Israel.     4  Amasa,  made  captain  over  Judah,  is 
Joab  pursueth  Sheba  unto  Abel.     \Q  A  wise  woman  saveih  the  city  by  Sheba' s 
head.     23  David's  officers. 

^  And  there  happened  to  be  there  a  man  of  Belial,  whose  name  was 
Sheba,  the  son  of  Bichri,  a  Benjamite  ;  and  he  blew  a  trumpet,  and 
said,  "  We  have  no  part  in  David,  neither  have  we  inheritance  in  the 
son  of  Jesse  :  "every  man  to  his  tents,  O  Israel  !  "  ^  So  every  man  of 
Israel  went  up  from  after  David,  and  followed  Sheba  the  son  of  Bichri ; 


500 


THE  REVOLT  OF  SHEBA  SUPPRESSED. 


[Period  IV. 


f  Heb.  deliver 
himself  from  our 
eyes. 


miat.2G.49.  Lu. 
22.  47. 


t  Heb.  doublel 
net  his  stroke. 


c  8  Ki.  15.  29. 
2  Ch.  16.  4. 


*  Or,  it  stood 
against  the  out- 
most ^DaU. 


X  Oi,"  They  plairir 
ly  spake  in  the 
beginning,  say- 
ina-,  '  Surely  they 
will  ask  of  Abel',' 
and  so  make  an 
end:  See  Do.  20. 
11. 


d  Ec.  9.  14,  15. 


%  Or,  rcmembran- 
tlKi.  4.  4. 


but  the  men  of  Judah  clave  unto  their  king,  from  Jordan  even  to 
Jerusalem. 

'*  Then  said  the  king  to  Amasa,  "  *Assemble  me  the  men  of  Judah 
within  three  days,  and  be  thou  here  present."  ^  So  Amasa  went  to  as- 
semble the  men  of  Judah  ;  but  he  tarried  longer  than  the  set  time 
which  he  had  appointed  him.  ^  And  David  said  to  Abishai,  "  Now 
shall  Sheba  the  son  of  Bichri  do  us  more  harm  than  did  Absalom  :  take 
thou  thy  lord's  servants,  and  pursue  after  him,  lest  he  get  him  fenced 
cities,  and  tescape  us."  ^And  there  went  out  after  him  Joab's  men, 
and  the  Cherethites,  and  the  Pclethites,  and  all  the  mighty  men  :  and 
they  went  out  of  Jerusalem,  to  pursue  after  Sheba  the  son  of  Bichri. 

^  When  they  were  at  the  great  stone  which  is  in  Gibeon,  Amasa  went 
before  them.  And  Joab's  garment  that  he  had  put  on  was  girded  unto 
him,  and  upon  it  a  girdle  with  a  sword  fastened  upon  his  loins  in  the 
sheath  thereof ;  and  as  he  went  forth  it  fell  out.  ^  And  Joab  said  to 
Amasa,  "  Art  thou  in  health,  my  brother  ?  "  'And  Joab  took  Amasa 
by  the  beard  with  the  right  hand  to  kiss  him.  ^°  But  Amasa  took  no  heed 
to  the  sword  that  was  in  Joab's  hand :  so  he  smote  him  therewith  in 
the  fifth  rib,  and  shed  out  his  bowels  to  the  ground,  and  Istruck  him 
not  again  ;  and  he  died.  So  Joab  and  Abishai  his  brother  pursued 
after  Sheba  the  son  of  Bichri.  ^^  And  one  of  Joab's  men  stood  by  him, 
and  said,  "  He  that  fevoreth  Joab,  and  he  that  is  for  David,  let  him  go 
after  Joab."  ^^  And  Amasa  wallowed  in  blood  in  the  midst  of  the  high- 
way. And  when  the  man  saw  that  all  the  people  stood  still,  he  removed 
Amasa  out  of  the  highway  into  the  field,  and  cast  a  cloth  upon  him, 
when  he  saw  that  every  one  that  came  by  liim  stood  still.  ^^  When  he 
was  removed  out  of  the  highway,  all  the  people  went  on  after  Joab, 
to  pursue  after  Sheba  the  son  of  Bichri. 

^^  And  he  went  through  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  unto  ^Abel,  and  to 
Beth-maachah,  and  all  the  Berites  ;  and  they  were  gathered  together, 
and  went  also  after  him.  '^And  they  came  and  besieged  him  in  Abel 
of  Beth-maachah,  and  they  cast  up  a  bank  against  the  city,  and  *it  stood 
in  the  trench  ;  and  all  the  people  that  were  with  Joab  tbattered  the 
wall,  to  throw  it  down. 

^•^  Then  cried  a  wise  woman  out  of  the  city,  "  Hear  !  hear !  say,  I  pray 
you,  unto  Joab,  Come  near  hither,  that  I  may  speak  with  thee."  i"  And 
when  he  was  come  near  unto  her,  the  woman  said,  "  Art  thou  Joab  ?  " 
And  he  answered,  "lam  he."  Then  she  said  unto  him,  "  Heartiie  words 
of  thy  handmaid."  And  he  answered,  "  I  do  hear."  ^^Then  she  spake, 
saying,  "  tThey  were  wont  to  speak  in  old  time,  saying,  '  They  shall 
surely  ask  counsel  at  Abel ; '  and  so  they  ended  the  matter.  ^^  I  am  one  of 
them  that  are  peaceable  and  faithful  in  Israel ;  thou  seekest  to  destroy 
a  city  and  a  mother  in  Israel :  why  wilt  thou  swallow  up  the  inheritance 
of  the  Lord  ?  "  -"  And  Joab  answered  and  said,  "  Far  be  it,  far  be  it 
from  me,  that  I  should  swallow  up  or  destroy.  -^  The  matter  is  not  so; 
but  a  man  of  Mount  Ephraim,  Sheba  the  son  of  Bichri  *by  name,  hath 
lifted  up  his  hand  against  the  king,  even  against  David  :  deliver  him 
only,  and  I  will  depart  from  the  city."  And  tJie  woman  said  unto  Joab, 
"  Behold,  his  head  shall  be  thrown  to  thee  over  the  wall."  --Then  the 
woman  went  unto  all  the  people  ''in  her  wisdom.  And  they  cut  off  the 
head  of  Sheba  the  son  of  Bichri,  and  cast  it  out  to  Joab.  And  he  blew  a 
trumpet,  and  they  tretired  from  the  city,  every  man  to  his  tent.  And 
Joab  returned  to  Jerusalem  unto  the  king. 

~^Now  Joab  was  over  all  the  host  of  Israel;  and  Benaiah  the  son 
of  Jehoiada  was  over  the  Cherethites  and  over  the  Pclethites  ;  ^■'  and 
Adorani  was  over  the  tribute  ;  and  Jehosha|)hat  the  son  of  Ahilud  was 
trecorder ;  ^''and  Slieva  was  scribe;  and  'Zadok  and  Abiathar  were 


Part  VII.] 


THE  THREE  YEARS  OF  FAMINE  STAYED. 


501 


*  o^^'prLf  Ge    ^'^®    priests  ;    -"  and  -^Ira  also  the    Jairite  was    a  *chief  ruler  about 
41.45.     "     '   David. 


SECT.  XVI. 

A.  M.  2983. 

B.  C.  1021. 
Hales,  1035. 

Canaan. 


*  Heb.  soatrlit  tlu 
fare,  Sfc.  Sue 
Nu.  27.  ^1. 

a  Jo3.  9.  3, 15-17. 


f  Or,  It  is  not 
sUver  nor  gold 
that  we  have  to 
do  with  Saul  or 
his  house,  neither 
pertains  it  to  us 
to  kill,  ^c. 

X  Or,  cut  us  off. 


*  Or,  chosen  of 
the  LORD. 

b  1  Sa.  18.  3.  &. 
20.  8,  15,  42.  & 
23.  18. 


(  Or,  MichaVs 

sister. 
I  Heb.  bare  to 

Adriel.  1  Sa.  18. 

19. 


SECT.  XVII. 


Section  XVI. —  The  three  Years  of  Famine  stayed  hy  the  Death  of  seven  of 

Saul's  Sons  ; — David  buricth  Saul  anil  Jonathan. 

2  Samuel  xxi.  1-14. 

^  Then  there  was  a  famine  in  the  days  of  David  three  years,  year 
after  year  ;  and  David  *inquired  of  the  Lord.  And  the  Lord  an- 
swered, "  It  is  for  Saul,  and  for  his  bloody  house,  because  he  slew  the 
Gibeonites."  ~  And  the  king  called  the  Gibeonites,  and  said  unto  them, 
(now  the  Gibeonites  were  not  of  the  children  of  Israel,  "but  of  the 
remnant  of  the  Amorites,  and  the  children  of  Israel  had  sworn  unto 
them  ;  and  Saul  sought  to  slay  them  in  his  zeal  to  the  children  of  Israel 
and  Judah  ;)  =' wherefore  David  said  unto  the  Gibeonites,  "  What  shall 
I  do  for  you  ?  and  wherewith  shall  I  make  the  atonement,  that  ye  may 
bless  the  inheritance  of  the  Lord  ?  "  "*  And  the  Gibeonites  said  unto 
him,  "  tWe  will  have  no  silver  nor  gold  of  Saul,  nor  of  his  house; 
neither  for  us  shall  thou  kill  any  man  in  Israel."  And  he  said,  "  What 
ye  shall  say,  that  will  I  do  for  you."  ''And  they  answered  the  king, 
"  The  man  that  consumed  us,  and  that  tdevised  against  us  that  we 
should  be  destroyed  from  remaining  in  any  of  the  coasts  of  Israel,  ^  let 
seven  men  of  his  sons  be  delivered  unto  us,  and  we  will  hang  them 
up  unto  the  Lord  in  Gibeah  of  Saul,  *whom  the  Lord  did  choose." 
And  the  king  said,  "  I  will  give  them."  ^  But  the  king  spared  Me- 
phibosheth,  the  son  of  Jonathan  the  son  of  Saul,  because  of  Hhe  Lord's 
oath  that  was  between  them,  between  David  and  Jonathan  the  son  of 
Saul.  ^  But  the  king  took  the  two  sons  of  Rizpah  the  daughter  of 
Aiah,  whom  slie  bare  unto  Saul,  Armoni  and  Mephibosheth  ;  and  the 
five  sons  of  tMichal  the  daughter  of  Saul  whom  she  tbrought  up  for 
Adriel  the  son  of  Barzillai  the  Meholathite ;  ^  and  he  dehvered  them 
into  the  hands  of  the  Gibeonites,  and  they  hanged  them  in  the  hill 
before  the  Lord  :  and  they  fell  all  seven  together,  and  were  put  to 
death  in  the  days  of  harvest,  in  the  first  days,  in  the  beginning  of 
barley  harvest, 

^'^  And  R,izpah  the  daughter  of  Aiah  took  sackcloth,  and  spread 
it  for  her  upon  the  rock,  'from  the  beginning  of  harvest  until  water 
dropped  upon  them  out  of  heaven,  and  suffered  neither  the  birds  of  the 
air  to  rest  on  them  by  day,  nor  the  beasts  of  the  field  by  night.  ^^  And 
it  was  told  David  what  Rizpah  the  daughter  of  Aiah,  the  concubine 
of  Saul,  liad  done. 

^^  And  David  went  and  took  the  bones  of  Saul  and  the  bones  of 
Jonathan  his  son  from  the  men  of  Jabesh-gilead,  which  had  stolen 
them  from  the  street  of  Beth-shan,  where  the  Philistines  had  hanged 
them,  when  the  Philistines  had  slain  Saul  in  Gilboa.  ^^  And  he  brought 
up  from  thence  the  bones  of  Saul  and  the  bones  of  Jonathan  his  son  ; 
and  they  gathered  the  bones  of  them  that  were  hanged.  ^^  And  the 
bones  of  Saul  and  Jonathan  his  son  buried  they  in  the  country  of 
Benjamin  in  Zelah,  in  the  sepulchre  of  Kish  his  father  ;  and  they 
performed  all  that  the  king  commanded.  And  after  that  ''God  was 
entreated  for  the  land. 

Section    XVII. — Last   War   with   the    Philistines  ; — David's   Psalms    of 
Thanlcsgiving  for  God's  Blessings. 


A.  M.   2985. 
B.  C.  1019. 

Hales,  1033.  2  Sam.  xxi.  15,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  xxii. — Psalm  xviii. — ]  Chron.  xx.  4,  to  the  end. 

—  15  Moreover  the  Philistines  had  yet  war  again  with   Israel ;  and 


(^■*)  At  this  time,  when  the  Israehtes  had  been     famine,    the    Philistines,   thinking   it   a    favorable 
weakened  by  two   rebellions    and   three  years  of     opportunity  of  shaking  off  the  yoke,  renew  the  war; 


502 


LAST  WAR  WITH  THE  PHILISTINES.         [Period  IV. 


•  Or,  Rapha. 
t  Heb.  the  staff, 
or,  tJie  head. 


\  Heb.  candle,  or, 
lamp.  1  Ki.  11. 
36.  Ps.  V32.  17. 

*  Or,  Sippai. 

t  Or,  Rapha. 
I  Or,  Jair. 


*  Or,  Rapha. 
t  Or,  reproached, 

1  Sa.  17.  10,  25, 

26. 
6  1  Sa.  16.  9, 

Shammah. 
c  1  Ch.  20.  8. 
d  Ex.  15.  1.  Ju. 

5.1. 

e  De.  32.  4. 
/He.  2.  13. 
g  Lu.  1.  69. 

h  Pr.  18. 10. 
i  Pa.  9.  9.  Je.  16. 
19. 


J  Or,  pangs. 
*  Heb.  £eZmZ. 


j  Ps.  116.  4.  Jonah 
2.2. 


k  Ex.  .3. 7.  Ps.  34. 

6,  15,  17. 


!Ju.  5.  4.  Ps.  77. 

18. 
mJob  20.  11. 


X  Heb.  by. 

n  Ps.  97.  3.  Hab. 
3.  5.  He.  12.  -29. 


0  Ps.  144.  5.  Is. 

64.  1. 
p  Ex.  20.  21. 

1  Ki.  8.  12.  Ps. 

97.  2. 
q  Ps.  104.  3. 
r  Ps.  97.  2. 

t  Heb.  Binding  of 
waters. 


David  went  down,  and  his  servants  with  him,  and  fought  against  the 
Philistines:  and  David  waxed  faint.  '^'And  Ishbi-benob,  which  was 
of  tlie  sons  of  *the  giant,  the  weigiit  of  whose  fspear  weighed  three 
hundred  shekels  of  brass  in  weight,  he  being  girded  with  a  new  sword, 
thought  to  have  slain  David.  ^"  But  Abishai  the  son  of  Zeruiah  suc- 
coured him,  and  smote  the  Philistine,  and  killed  him.  Then  the  men 
of  David  sware  unto  him,  saying,  "  Thou  shalt  go  no  more  out  with 
us  to  battle,  that  thou  quench  not  the  tlight  of  Israel." 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  tliis,  that  there  was  again  a  battle  with 
the  Philistines  at  Gob  ;  then  Sibbechai  the  Hushathite  slew  *Saph, 
which  was  of  the  sons  of  tthe  giant.  ^'^  And  there  was  again  a  battle 
in  Gob  with  the  Philistines,  where  Elhanan  the  son  of  t  Jaare-oregim,  a 
Beth-lehemite,  slew  "the  brother  of  Goliath  the  Gittite,  the  staff' of  whose 
spear  was  like  a  weaver's  beam.  ^"  And  there  was  yet  a  battle  in  Gath, 
where  was  a  man  of  great  stature,  that  had  on  every  hand  si.x  fingers, 
and  on  every  foot  six  toes,  four  and  twenty  in  number ;  and  he  also 
was  born  to  *the  giant.  ^^  And  when  he  tdefied  Israel,  Jonathan  the 
son  of  ''Shimeah  the  brother  of  David  slew  him.  ■^^  These  'four  were 
born  to  the  giant  in  Gath,  and  fell  by  the  hand  of  David,  and  by  the 
hand  of  his  servants. 

^  And  David  "^spake  unto  the  Lord  the  words  of  this  2  Sam.  xxii. 
song  in  the  day  that  the  Lord  had  delivered  him  out  of  the  hand  of 
all  his  enemies,  and  out  of  the  hand  of  Saul.  ^  And  he  said, — 

"  The  'Lord  is  my  rock,  and  my  fortress,  and  my  deliverer; 
^  The  God  of  my  rock  ;  -^in  him  will  I  trust : 

He  is  my  shield,  and  the  "'horn  of  my  salvation, 

My  high  ''tower,  and  my  'refuge,  my  saviour; 

Thou  savest  me  from  violence. 
'^  I  will  call  on  the  Lord,  who  is  worthy  to  be  praised  : 

So  shall  I  be  saved  from  mine  enemies. 
^  When  the  twaves  of  death  compassed  me. 

The  floods  of  *  ungodly  men  made  me  afraid ; 
^  The  tsorrows  of  hell  compassed  me  about ; 

The  snares  of  death  prevented  me  ; 
■^  In  my  distress  ^I  called  upon  the  Lord, 

And  cried  to  my  God  : 

And  he  did  ""hear  my  voice  out  of  his  temple. 

And  my  cry  did  enter  into  his  ears. 

^"Then  'the  earth  shook  and  trembled; 

The  '"foundations  of  heaven  moved 

And  sliook,  because  he  was  wroth. 
^  There  went  up  a  smoke  lout  of  his  nostrils. 

And  "fire  out  of  his  mouth  devoured  : 

Coals  were  kindled  by  it. 
^"  He  "bowed  the  heavens  also,  and  came  down  ; 

And  ''darkness  was  under  his  feet. 
^'  And  he  rode  upon  a  cherub,  and  did  fly: 

And  he  was  seen  'upon  the  wings  of  the  wind. 
^2  And  he  made  '^darkness  pavilions  round  about  him, 

tDark  waters,  and  thick  clouds  of  the  skies. 
^^  Through  the  brightness  before  him  w^ere  coals  of  fire  kindled. 


but  are  defeated  in  four  engagements,  and  are  for  the  differences  between  this  Psalm  and  the 
finally  subdued,  .\f\er  these  deliverances  it  is  prob-  parallel  passage  in  2  Sam.  xxii.— Dr.  Wells's  Corn- 
able  that  David,  who  composed  the  18th  Psalm  at  inenlanj.  I  have  therefore  inserted  the  18th  Psalm 
an  early  period  of  his  life.  when,  according  to  the  after  2  Sam.  xxii.  We  learn  by  the  title  that  David 
title,  he  had  been  delivered  from  the  hand  of  Saul,  recomposed  it  after  all  his  deliverances,  and  of 
now  again  applies  it,  on  being  rescued  from  the  course  ailer  tills  last  war  of  the  Philistines, 
last  assault  of  his  enemies.    This  appears  to  account 


sJu.  5.20.  1  Sn. 
2.  10.  Ps.  29.  3. 
I3.  30.  30. 

t  Be.  32.  23. 
7.  13.  Hab. 
11. 

Pa. 
3. 

V.  Ex.  15.  8. 
106.  9.  Nah 
Wat.  8.  2tj. 

Ps. 
.1.4. 

tor, 
74. 

i. 

Ps. 

*Or, 

great. 

Part  VII.l  DAVID'S  PSALM  OF  THANKSGIVING.  503 

1^  The  Lord  'thundered  from  heaven, 

And  the  Most  High  uttered  his  voice. 
1^  And  he  sent  out  'arrow^s — and  scattered  them  ; 

Lightning — and  discomfited  them. 
^6  And  the  channels  of  the  sea  appeared, 

The  foundations  of  the  world  were  discovered, 

At  the  "rebuking  of  the  Lori>, 

At  the  blast  of  the  breath  of  his  tnostrils. 

1'  "  He  sent  from  above, 
He  took  me — he  drew  me  out  of  *many  waters  ; 
^^  He  delivered  me  from  my  strong  enemy, 
And  from  them  that  hated  me : 
For  they  were  too  strong  for  me. 
^^  They  prevented  me  in  the  day  of  my  calamity  ; 

But  the  Lord  was  my  stay. 
2^  He  brought  me  forth  also  into  a  large  place  : 
2  sa.  15.26.  jjg  dcUvered  me,  because  he  "delighted  in  me. 

Kl^'s^sb^Ps.    ^^  "^^^^  "'Lord  rewarded  me  according  to  my  righteousness : 

According  to  the  cleanness  of  my  hands  hath  he  recompensed  me. 
-^  For  I  have  ""kept  the  ways  of  the  Lord, 

And  have  not  wickedly  departed  from  my  God. 
^?9.3o/m''     ^^  ^or  all  his  ^judgments  were  before  me  ; 

And  as  for  his  statutes,  I  did  not  depart  from  them. 
t  Heb.joftim.Ge.  24  J  ^g^g  ^jgQ  upright  tbcforc  him, 

And  have  kept  myself  from  mine  iniquity. 
25  Therefore  the  Lord  hath  recompensed  me 
According  to  my  righteousness  ; 
tueh.  before  his        Accordiug  to  my  cleanness  tin  his  eyesight. 
iMli.5.7.  26  a  With  ""the  merciful  thou  wilt  show  thyself  merciful, 

And  with  the  upright  man  thou  wilt  show  thyself  upright. 
2^  With  the  pure  thou  wilt  show  thyself  pure; 
;^Le^96. 23, 24,        And  "with  the  froward  thou  wilt  *show  thyself  unsavoury. 
And  the  'afflicted  people  thou  wilt  save ; 


7.8. 


That  thou  mayest  bring  them  down. 
For  thou  art  my  flamp,  O  Lord 


27,  28. 
*  Or,  wrestle,  Ps 

^^'~*^'    8  Ps        ^^^  *^^'"^  ^y®^  ^^^  "P*^"  '^^^®  haughty, 

72.  12,"  13.  ' 
c  Job  40.  11,  12. 
Is.  2.  11,  12,  17. 

Da.  4. 37.  And  the  Lord  will  lighten  my  darkness. 

^29.'x  pf  27!  L    ^'  For  by  thee  I  have  trun  through  a  troop  : 

X  Or,  broken  a  By  my  God  have  I  leaped  over  a  wall. 

riDe!'32. 4.  Da.    ^^  As  for  God,  ''his  way  is  perfect; 
The  %vord  of  the  Lord  is  *tried  : 
He  is  a  buckler  to  all  them  that  trust  in  him. 
^2  For  who  is  God,  save  the  Lord  ? 
And  who  is  a  rock,  save  our  God  ? 


.37.  Re.  15.3. 
e  Ps.  12.  6.  Pr. 
30.  5. 
*  Or,  rejiimi- 


/Ex.  15.2.  Pg. 

t Veb.  rLte(A, or,       Aud  lic  fmakcth  my  way  "perfect. 
i^o^etk.  Heb.i3.  34  j^e  tmakcth  my  feet  "like  hinds'  feet ; 
^De.  18. 1.1.  Job       And  'setteth  me  upon  my  high  places. 


Ps.  101.2 


^'^  He  teacheth  my  hands  *to  war  ; 

So  that  a  bow  of  steel  is  broken  by  mine  arms. 
36  Thou  hast  also  given  me  the  shield  of  thy  salvation ; 

And  thy  gentleness  hath  tmade  me  great. 
2^  Thou  hast  ^enlarged  my  steps  under  me  ; 

yHeKmuHiplied  g^   ^,^^^  ^^^   Jfcet'did   nOt  slip. 

jPr.  4. 12.  38  I  have  pursued  mine  enemies,  and  destroyed  them  ; 

I  Heb.  anides.  ^^^  tumcd  uot  again  until  I  had  consumed  them. 


+  Heb.  cquallelh. 
k  Hab.  3.   19. 
i  De.  32.  13.  [3. 

33.  16. 
*  Heb.  for  the 

war. 


504 


DAVID'S  PS-\LM  OF  THANKSGIVING. 


[Period  IV. 


•  Heb.  caused  to 

bow. 
k  Ge.  49.  8.  Et. 

23.  27.  Jos.  10. 

24. 


Uob27.  9.  Pr.  1. 

28.  Is.  1.  15. 
iMic.  3.  4. 

in  2  Ki.  13.  7.  Ps. 

35.  5.  Da.  2.  35. 
n  Is.  10.  6.  Mic. 

7.  10.  Ze.  10.  5. 
o  2  Sa.  3.  1.  &  5. 

1. 
p  De.  28.  13. 

2  Sa.  8.  1-14. 

Ps.  2.  8. 
q  Is.  55.  5. 
t  Hcb.  Sons  of  the 

stranger. 

XCit, yield  feigned 

obedience.   Heb. 

lie:  see  De.  33. 

29.  Ps.  66.  3. 
r  Mic.  7.  17. 


*  Heb.  giveth 
avengement  for 
me.  1  Sa.  25.  39 


^^  And  I  have  consumed  them, 

And  wounded  them,  that  they  could  not  arise: 

Yea,  they  are  fallen  under  my  feet. 
'*"  For  thou  hast  girded  me  with  strength  to  battle  : 

Them  that  rose  up  against  me  hast  thou  *subdued  under  me. 
^^  Thou  hast  also  given  me  *the  necks  of  mine  enemies, 

That  I  might  destroy  them  that  hate  me. 
■*-  They  looked — but  there  was  none  to  save  : 

Even  'unto  the  Lord — but  he  answered  them  not. 
^"^  Then  did  I  beat  them  as  small  "as  the  dust  of  the  earth, 

I  did  stamp  them  "as  the  mire  of  the  street. 

And  did  spread  them  abroad. 
■**  Thou  "also  hast  delivered  me  from  the  strivings  of  my  people, 

Thou  hast  kept  me  to  be  ^head  of  the  heathen : 

A  'people  which  I  knew  not  shall  serve  me. 
^^  tStrangers  shall  Isubmit  themselves  unto  me  : 

As  soon  as  they  hear,  they  shall  be  obedient  unto  me. 
^^  Strangers  shall  fade  away, 

And  they  shall  be  afraid  ""out  of  their  close  places. 
'''  "  The  Lord  liveth  ;  And  blessed  be  my  rock  ; 

And  e.xalted  be  the  God  of  the  rock  of  my  salvation ! 
^^  It  is  God  that  *avengeth  me, 

And  that  bringeth  down  the  people  under  me, 
^^  And  that  bringeth  me  forth  from  mine  enemies  : 

Thou  also  hast  lifted  me  up  on  high  above  them  that  rose  up  against 

Thou  hast  delivered  me  from  the  violent  man.  [me  : 

^^  Therefore  I  will  give  thanks  unto  thee,  O  Lord,  among  'the  heathen, 

And  I  will  sing  praises  unto  thy  name. 
^^  He  is  the  tower  of  salvation  for  his  king. 

And  showeth  mercy  to  his  anointed. 

Unto  David,  and  'to  his  seed  for  evermore." 


PS.\LM    XVIII. 

*  Ps.  36,  title. 

t  See,  for  refer- 
ences, 2  Sa. 
xxii. 

X  Heb.  rock. 
a  Heb.  2.  13. 


iPs.  116.3. 
*  Heb.  Belial. 
t  Or,  cords. 


X  Heb.  by  hii 


PSALM    XVIII. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David,  *the  servant  of  the  Lord,  who  spake  unto  the  Lord  the 
words  of  Hhis  sons' '"  '''^  <^ay  that  the  Lord  delivered  him  from  the  hand  of  aJl  his  enemies,  and 
from  the  hand  of  Saul :  and  he  said, — 

1 1  will  love  thee,  O  Lord,  my  strength  ! 
2  The  Lord  is  my  rock,  and  my  fortress,  and  my  deliverer ; 

My  God,  my  tstrength,  "in  whom  I  will  trust ; 

My  buckler,  and  the  horn  of  my  salvation,  and  my  high  tower. 
^  I  will  call  upon  the  Lord,  who  is  worthy  to  be  praised: 

So  shall  I  be  saved  from  mine  enemies. 
"*  The  ''sorrows  of  death  compassed  me. 

And  the  floods  of  *ungodly  men  made  me  afraid. 
^  The  tsorrows  of  hell  compassed  me  about : 

The  snares  of  death  prevented  me. 
^  \n  my  distress  I  called  upon  the  Lord, 

And  cried  unto  my  God  : 

He  heard  my  voice  out  of  his  temple. 

And  my  cry  came  before  him,  even  into  his  ears. 
'  Tlien  'the  earth  shook  and  trembled ; 

The  foundations  also  of  the  hills  moved 

And  were  shaken,  because  he  was  wroth. 
^  There  went  up  a  smoke  tout  of  his  nostrils, 

And  fire  out  of  his  mouth  devoured: 

Coals  were  kindled  by  it. 
^  He  bowed  the  heavens  also,  and  came  down  ; 

And  darkness  was  under  his  feet. 


Part  VII.l 


DAVID'S  PSALM  OF  THANKSGIVING. 


505 


■  Or,  great 


f  Heb.  with. 


X  Heb.  befm 
eyes. 


*  Or,  vrre-stle. 

f  Or,  lamp. 
X  Or,  broken. 

*  Or,  refined. 


^"  And  he  rode  upon  a  cherub,  and  did  fly : 

Yea,  he  did  fly  upon  the  wings  of  the  wind. 
^^  He  made  darkness  his  secret  place  ; 

His  pavihon  round  about  him  were  dark  waters 

And  thick  clouds  of  the  skies. 
^-  At  the  brightness  that  was  before  him  his  thick  clouds  passed, 

Hailstones  and  coals  of  fire. 
^^  The  Lord  also  thundered  in  the  heavens, 

And  the  Highest  gave  his  voice  ; 

Hailstones  and  coals  of  fire. 
^^  Yea,  he  sent  out  his  arrows,  and  scattered  them  ; 

And  he  shot  out  lightnings,  and  discomfited  them. 
^^  Then  the  channels  of  waters  were  seen. 

And  the  foundations  of  the  world  were  discovered  at  thy  rebuke, 

O  Lord,  at  the  blast  of  the  breath  of  thy  nostrils. 
^^  He  sent  from  above, 

He  took  me,  he  drew  me  out  of  *many  waters. 
^■^  He  delivered  me  from  my  strong  enemy, 

And  from  them  which  hated  me  ; 

For  they  were  too  strong  for  me. 
^^  They  prevented  me  in  the  day  of  my  calamity  ; 

But  the  Lord  was  my  stay. 
^^  He  brought  me  forth  also  into  a  large  place  ; 

He  delivered  me,  because  he  delighted  in  me. 
-"^  The  Lord  rewarded  me  according  to  my  righteousness ; 

According  to  the  cleanness  of  my  hands  hath  he  recompensed  me. 
2^  For  I  have  kept  the  ways  of  the  Lord, 

And  have  not  wickedly  departed  from  my  God. 
^^  For  all  his  judgments  were  before  me. 

And  I  did  not  put  away  his  statutes  from  me. 
2^  I  was  also  upright  tbefore  him. 

And  I  kept  myself  from  mine  iniquity. 
^^  Therefore  hath  the  Lord  recompensed  me 

According  to  my  righteousness, 

According  to  the  cleanness  of  my  hands  tin  his  eyesight. 
^^  With  the  merciful  thou  wilt  show  thyself  merciful ; 

With  an  upright  man  thou  wilt  show  thyself  upright ; 
^^  With  the  pure  thou  wilt  show  thyself  pure  ; 

And  with  the  froward  thou  wilt  *show  thyself  froward  ; 
'^''  For  thou  wilt  save  the  afflicted  people  ; 

But  wilt  bring  down  high  looks. 
^^  For  thou  wilt  light  my  tcandle  : 

The  Lord  my  God  will  enlighten  my  darkness. 
^^  For  by  thee  I  have  trun  through  a  troop  ; 

And  by  my  God  have  I  leaped  over  a  wall. 
^°  As  for  God,  his  way  is  perfect: 

The  word  of  the  Lord  is  *tried : 

He  is  a  buckler  to  all  those  that  trust  in  him. 
^^  For  who  is  God,  save  the  Lord  ? 

Or  who  is  a  rock,  save  our  God  ? 

3=^  It  is  God  that  girdeth  me  with  strength, 

And  maketh  my  way  perfect. 
^^  He  maketh  my  feet  like  hinds'  feet, 

And  setteth  me  upon  my  high  places. 
^^  He  teacheth  my  hands  to  war. 

So  that  a  bow  of  steel  is  broken  by  mine  arms. 
^^  Thou  hast  also  given  me  the  shield  of  thy  salvation  ; 

64  2q 


506 


DAVID  NUMBERS  THE  PEOPLE. 


[Period  IV. 


t  Or,  unth  thy 
meekness  tJwxi 
hast  multiplied 
me. 

J  Heb.  mine 


*  Heb.  caused  to 
bow. 


And  thy  right  hand  hath  holden  me  up, 

And  tthy  gentleness  hath  made  me  great. 
^  Thou  hast  enlarged  my  steps  under  me, 

That  Imy  feet  did  not  slip. 
^'^  I  have  pursued  mine  enemies,  and  overtaken  them  : 

Neither  did  I  turn  again  till  they  were  consumed. 

38  I  have  wounded  them  that  they  were  not  able  to  rise  : 
They  are  fallen  under  my  feet. 

39  For  thou  hast  girded  me  with  strength  unto  the  battle : 
Thou  hast  *  subdued  under  me  those  that  rose  up  against  me. 

^'^  Thou  hast  also  given  me  the  necks  of  mine  enemies ; 

That  I  might  destroy  them  that  hate  me. 
^^  They  cried — but  there  was  none  to  save  them : 

Even  unto  the  Lord — but  he  answered  them  not. 
^2  Then  did  I  beat  them  small  as  the  dust  before  the  wind  : 

I  did  cast  them  out  as  the  dirt  in  the  streets. 
^3  Thou  hast  delivered  me  from  the  strivings  of  the  people  ; 

And  thou  hast  made  me  the  head  of  the  heathen : 

A  people  whom  I  have  not  known  shall  serve  me. 
■^  tAs  soon  as  they  hear  of  me,  they  shall  obey  me  : 

tThe  strangers  shall  *submit  themselves  unto  me. 
''^  The  strangers  shall  fade  away, 

And  be  afraid  out  of  their  close  places. 

"^s  The  Lord  liveth  ;  and  blessed  be  my  rock ; 

And  let  the  God  of  my  salvation  be  exalted  1 
'*■'  It  is  God  that  tavengeth  me. 

And  Jsubdueth  the  people  under  me. 
^s  He  delivereth  me  from  mine  enemies  : 

Yea,  thou  liftest  me  up  above  those  that  rise  up  against  me : 

Thou  hast  delivered  me  from  the  *violent  man. 
''^  Therefore  will  I  fgive  thanks  unto  thee,  O  Lord,  among  the  heathen. 

And  sing  praises  unto  thy  name. 
50  Great  deliverance  giveth  he  to  his  king ; 

And  showeth  mercy  to  his  anointed, 

To  David,  and  to  his  seed  for  evermore. 

1  Chkon.  sx.  4,  to  the  end. — *  And  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  there  *arose  war  at 
tGezer  with  the  Philistines;  at  which  time  Sibbechai  the  Hushathite  slew  :tSippai,  that 
was  of  the  children  of  *the  giant :  and  they  were  subdued.  ^  And  there  was  war  again  with 
t^Or,  SapA,  2  Sa.  ^^j^^  Philistines  ;  and  Elhanan  the  son  of  tJair  slew  Lahmithe  brother  of  Goliath  the  Git- 
tite,  whose  spear's  staff  was  like  a  weaver's  beam.  «  And  yet  again  there  was  war  at  Gath, 
where  wasta  man  of  great  stature,  whose  fingers  and  toes  were  four  and  twenty,  six  on 
each  hand,  and  six  on  each  foot  -.  and  he  also  was  "the  son  of  tlie  giant.  '  But  when  he 
tdefied  Israel,  Jonathan  the  son  of  JShimea  David's  brother  slew  hiin.  **  These  were  born 
unto  the  giant  in  Gath  ;  and  they  fell  by  the  hand  of  David,  and  by  the  hand  of  his 
servants. 


t  Heb.  At  the 

hearing  of  the 

ear. 
%  Heb.  The  sons 

of  the  Strang'^. 
*  Or,  yield 

feigned  obedience 

Heb.  lie. 


t  Heb.  giveth 
avengements  for 


J  Or,  destroyelh. 


*  Heb.  man  of 
violence. 
f  Or,  confess. 


*  Or,  conOnued. 

Heb.  stood. 
t  Or,  Oob. 


18, 

*  Or,  Rnpha. 
f  Called  also 

Jaart-  ore^im^ 
2Sa.2J.  19. 
X  Heb.  a  man  of 
measure. 

*  Heb.  born  to  the 
giant,  or,  Rnpha, 

t  Or,  reproached, 
i  Called  S'lam- 
mah,  ISa.  16.9. 


SECT.  XVHI. 

A.  M.  -2987. 
B.C.  1017. 
Hales,  1033. 


a  2  Pa.  21. 


Section  XVHI. — David  numbers  the  People; — He  is  punished  by  a 
Pestilcnce.'^^^ 

2  Sam.  xxiv.  1-0.— 1  Chron.  xxi.  G,  7.  and  xxvii.  23, 24.-2  S.^m.  xxiv.  10-15.— 1  Chron. 
xxi  15  IG— 2Sam  xxiv.  17.-1  Chron.  xxi.  latter  part  of  i7,to  the  enrf.— Psalm 
XXX.— 1  Chron.  xxi.  1-5,  8-14.-2  Sam.  xxiv.  IG.— 1  Chro.n.  x.xi.  first  part  o/17.— 
2  Sam.  xxiv.  IS,  to  the  end. 

David  tempted  by  Satnn,forceth  Joab  to  number  the  people.  The  captains,  in  nine  numtlis  and 
tuenty  days,  brino-  the  muster  of  thirteen  hundred  thousand  fighting  men  David  having  three 
pla<nies  propounded  by  Gad,  repenteth,  and  chooseth  the  three  days'  peslUence.  After  the  death 
of  seventy  thousand,  David  by  repentance  preventeth  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  Uavid,  by 
Gad's  direction,  purchaseth  Oman's  thrcshingrfioor.  irhere,  harins;  built  an  altar,  God  giveth  a 
sis^n  of  his  favor  by  fire,  and  stayeth  the  plazue.  David  sacrijicctk  there,  being  restrained  from 
Gibeon  by  fear  of  the  angel.     DarirPs  psalm  nf  praise. 

^  And  "again  the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against  Israel,  and 


margin.— £(/.]  in  another  part,  that  Satan  provoked 
was  pride  of  heart.  It  is  curious  to  observe  the  dif-  him"  and  it  is  asjain  decidedly  spoken  of  as  his 
ferentphraseolocrvof  Scripture:  in  2  Sam.  xxiv.  Lit     own  act,  for  which  he   was  not  only  accounuble, 


(^^  David's   motive  for    numbering    his  people 
Bays,  "God  moved  him  ;  "  [but  see  reference  in  the     but  punished. 


DAVID  IS  PUNISHED  BY  PESTILENCE. 


507 


J  Or,  valley. 

*  Or,  nether  land 
newly  inhabited. 


f  Heb.  And  it  wa 
evil  in  the  eyes 
of  the  LORD 
concerning  tlUs 
thing. 

c  Go.  15.  5. 


*he  moved  David  against  them  to  say,  "  Go,  number  Israel  and  Judah." 
2  For  the  king  said  to  Joab  the  captain  of  the  host,  which  was  with 
him,  "  tGo  now  through  all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  from  Dan  even  to  Beer- 
sheba,  and  number  ye  the  people,  that  ''I  may  know  the  number  of 
the  people."  =^  And  Joab  said  unto  the  king,  "  Now  the  Lord  thy  God 
add  unto  the  people,  how  many  soever  they  be,  an  hundredfold,  and 
that  the  eyes  of  my  lord  the  king  may  see  it ;  but  why  doth  my  lord 
the  king  delight  in  this  thing  ? "  ^  Notwithstanding  the  king's  word 
prevailed  against  Joab,  and  against  the  captains  of  the  host.  And  Joab 
and  the  captains  of  the  host  went  out  from  the  presence  of  the  king, 
to  number  the  people  of  Israel. 

^  And  they  passed  over  Jordan,  and  pitched  in  Aroer,  on  the  right 
side  of  the  city  that  lieth  in  the  midst  of  the  triverof  Gad,  and  toward 
Jazer.  ^  Then  they  came  to  Gilead,  and  to  the  *land  of  Tahtim-hodshi ; 
and  they  came  to  Dan-jaan,  and  about  to  Zidon,  ^and  came  to  the 
stronghold  of  Tyre,  and  to  all  the  cities  of  the  Hivites,  and  of  the 
Canaanites ;  and  they  went  out  to  the  south  of  Judah,  even  to  Beer- 
sheba.  ^So  when  they  had  gone  through  all  the  land,  they  came 
to  Jerusalem  at  the  end  of  nine  months  and  twenty  days.  ^And  Joab 
gave  up  the  sum  of  the  number  of  the  people  unto  the  king  :  and 
there  were  in  Israel  eight  hundred  thousand  valiant  men  that  drew  the 
sword  ;  and  the  men  of  Judah  were  five  hundred  thousand  men.*^^* 
^  But  Levi  and  Benjamin  counted  he  not  among  them  ;  for  i  Chron. 
the  king's  word  was  abominable  to  Joab.  ''  fAnd  God  was  ^*'-  ^'  ^• 
displeased  with  this  thing ;  therefore  he  smote  Israel. 

23  But  David  took  not  the  number  of  them  from  twenty  1  ^"Jg ''gj'"''"- 
years  old  and  under  ;  because  "the  Lord  had  said  he  would  ' 

increase  Israel  like  to  the  stars  of  the  heavens.  ^'^  Joab  the  son  of  Ze- 
ruiah  began  to  number,  but  he  finished  not,  because  there  fell  wrath 
for  it  against  Israel ;  neither  twas  the  number  put  in  the  account  of  the 
chronicles  of  king  David. 

I'^And  David's  heart  smote  him  after  that  he  had  num- 2  SAM^xxiv. 
bered  the  people.  And  David  said  unto  the  Lord,  "  I  have 
sinned  greatly  in  that  I  have  done  ;  and  now,  I  beseech  thee,  O  Lord, 
take  away  the  iniquity  of  thy  servant,  for  I  have  done  very  foolishly." 
11  For  when  David  was  up  in  the  morning,  the  word  of  the  Lord  came 
unto  the  prophet  Gad,  David's  seer,  saying,  ^^  '<  Go  and  say  unto  David, 
Thus  saith  the  Lord,  I  offer  thee  three  things  ;  choose  thee  one  of 
them,  that  I  may  do  it  unto  thee."  ^^  So  Gad  came  to  David,  and 
told  him,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Shall  seven  years  of  famine  come  unto 
thee  in  thy  land?  Or  wilt  thou  flee  three  months  before  thine  enemies, 
while  they  pursue  thee  ?  Or  that  there  be  three  days'  pestilence  in  thy 
land  ?  now  advise,  and  see  what  answer  I  shall  return  to  Him  that  sent 
me."  *^  And  David  said  unto  Gad,  "  I  am  in  a  great  strait.  Let  us  fall 
now  into  the  hand  of  the  Lord,  "for  his  mercies  are  *great ;  and  'let 
me  not  fall  into  the  hand  of  man." 

1^  So  the  Lord  sent  a  pestilence  upon  Israel  from  the  morning  even 
to  the  time  appointed  ;  and  there  died  of  the  people  from  Dan  even  to 
Beer-sheba  seventy  thousand  men. 

1^  And  God  sent  an  Angel  unto  Jerusalem  to  destroy  l  ^"g^^e^^'' 
it :  and  as  he  was  destroying,  the  Lord  beheld,  and  ^he  ' 


(66)  In  the  Book  of  Samuel  it  is  said,  Joab  num- 
bered 800,000  for  Israel,  and  500,000  for  Judah; 
and  in  the  Book  of  Chronicles,  that  he  numbered 
1,100,000  for  Israel,  and  470,000  for  Judah.  In  the 
former  list,  the  amount  of  the  standing  army  of 
Israel  is  omitted  ;  or,  as  it  appears  from  1  Chron. 
xxvii.  23,  24.  the  returns  were  not  completed  that 


were  sent  in  to  the  king,  and  the  author  of  the  Book 
of  Samuel  mentions  the  number  according  to  the  list 
actually  given  in ;  and  the  author  of  the  Book  of 
Chronicles,  according  to  the  list  not  laid  before  the 
king,  or  inserted  in  the  public  records,  but  gener- 
ally known  among  the  people.  Vide  Bishop  Patrick, 
in  loc;  Lightfoot;   Hales's  Anal.  vol.  ii.  p-  386. 


508  THE  PESTILENCE  IS  STAYED.  [Period  IV. 

repented  him  of  the  evil,  and  said  to  the  Angel  that  destroyed  it,  "  It 
is  enough,  stay  now  thy  hand."  And  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  stood  by 
^2°s'a:tr?f'  the  threshingfloor  of  tOrnan  the  Jebusite.  ^^  And  David  lifted  up  his 
^2cb. 3. 1.  eyes,  and  °savv  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  stand  between  the  earth  and 
the  heaven,  having  a  drawn  sword  in  his  hand  stretched  out  over 
Jerusalem,  Then  David  and  the  elders  of  Israel,  who  were  clothed 
in  sackcloth,  fell  upon  their  faces. 

^^  And   David   spake  unto   the  Lord   when   he  saw  the        2  Sam 
Angel  that  smote  the  people,  and  said,  "'Lo!  I  have  sinned, 
and  I  have  done  wickedly  ;  but  these  sheep,  what  have  they  done  ? 
let  thy  hand,  I  pray  thee,  be  against  me,  and  against  my  father's  house, 
^"^  but  not  on  thy  people,  that  thev  should  be  plagued."        1  Chro.n.  xxi. 
18  Then   the  Angel  of  the  Lord   commanded  Gad  to  letter  jajt   of 
say  to  David,  that  David  should  go  up,  and  set  up  an  altar 
unto   the  Lord  in  the   threshingfloor   of  Oman   the  Jebusite.  ^^And 
David  went  up  at  the  saying  of  Gad,  which  he  spake  in  the  name   of 
^u^Tb^ck7!Cd'  ^^^  Lord.  -°  lAnd  Oman  turned  back,  and  saw  the  Angel ;  and  his 
tawtheAnjci,     four  SOUS  wjth  him  hid  thcmseh  OS.     Now  Oman  was  threshing  wheat. 
fuur  soils  with      ^'  And  as  David  came  to   Oman,  Oman  looked  and  saw  David,  and 
a™ve^.  '  *'"*       went  out  of  the  threshingfloor,  and  bowed  himself  to  David  with  his 

•  Heb.  Giue.        facc  to  the  grouud.  ^- Then  David  said  to  Oman,  "  *Grant  me   the 

place  of  this  threshingfloor,  that  I  may  build  an  altar  therein  unto  the 
Lord,  (thou  shall  grant  it  me  for  the  full  price,)  that  the  plague  may 
be  stayed  from  the  people."  ^'^  And  Oman  said  unto  David,  '•  Take  it 
to  thee,  and  let  my  lord  the  king  do  that  which  is  good  in  his  eyes : 
lo  !  I  give  thee  the  oxen  also  for  burnt  oflerings,  and  the  threshing  in- 
struments for  wood,  and  the  wheat  for  the  meat  offering  ;  I  give  it  all." 
^'*  And  king  David  said  to  Oman,  "  Nay,  but  I  will  verily  buy  it  for  the 
full  price  ;  for  I  will  not  take  that  which  is  thine  for  the  Lord,  nor 
oflTer  burnt  offerings  without  cost."  -^  So  David  gave  to  Oman  for  the 
place  six  hundred  shekels  of  gold  by  weight.  '■^^  And  David  built  there 
an  altar  unto  the  Lord,  and  otfered  burnt  offerings  and  peace  offerings, 

^^\'^-^^-'^^^-  and  called  upon  the  Lord;  and  ''he  answered  him  from  heaven  by 
fire  upon  the  altar  of  burnt  offering.  -"  And  the  Lord  commanded  the 
Angel ;  and  he  put  up  his  sword  again  into  the  sheath  thereof. 

-^At  that  time  when  David  saw  that  the  Lord  had  answered  him 
in  the  threshingffoor  of  Oman  the  Jebusite,  then  he  sacrificed  there. 

.•ich.iG.39.  29  Pqj.  i^i^g  tabernacle  of  the  Lord,  which  Moses  made  in  the  wilder- 
ness, and  the  altar  of  the  burnt  otTering,  were  at  that  season   in   the 

j  1  Ki.  3.  4.  \\\g\i  place  at  ^Gibeon.  ^^  But  David  could  not  go  before  it  to  inquire  of 
God  ;  for  he  was  afraid  because  of  the  sword  of  the  Angel  of  the  Lord. 

PSALM  XXX.  PSALM    XXX.(87) 

David  praiseth  God  for  his  deliverance.    4  He  exhorteth  others  to  praise  him  by  example  of  God's 
dealing  with  him. 

*  De.  20.  5.  A  Psalm  and  Sonff  *at  the  dedication  of  the  house  of  David. 

2  Sa.  5.  11.  .  ^ 

1  I  will  extol  thee,  O  Lord  ! 
For  thou  hast  lifted  me  up, 
And  hast  not  made  my  foes  to  rejoice  over  me. 
^  O  Lord  my  God,  I  cried  unto  thee, 

And  thou  hast  healed  me. 
^  O  Lord,  thou  hast  brought  up  my  soul  from  the  grave  : 
Thou  hast  kept  me  alive,  that  I  should  not  go  down  to  the  pit. 
^  Sing  unto  the  Lord,  O  ye  saints  of  his, 
^.^wii. '**'"'  -^nd  give  thanks  tat  the  remembrance  of  his  holiness. 

(")  Psalm  XXX.   Calmet  supposes  this  Psalm  to  have  been  composed  on  the  occasion  of  dedicating 
the  threshingfloor  of  Araunah. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID'S  PSALM  AFTER  THE  PESTILENCE. 


509 


J  Heb.  there  is 

but  a  mumeiit  m 

his  amrer.  Ps. 

103.  9.  Is.  2H.  20. 

&54.  7,  8.  2  Co. 

4.  17. 
a  Ps.  63.  3. 
*  Heb.  in  the 

evening. 
^Ueh.  singing. 

Ps.  126.  5. 
i  Job  29.  18. 
%  Heb.  settled 

strcniitkfor  my 

mountain. 


*  That  is,  my 
tongue,  or,  my 
soul :  see  Ge. 
49.  6.  Ps.  16.  9. 


Heb.  stretch  out. 


%  Or,  many. 


a  Ex.  12.  23. 
b  Joel  2.  13,  14. 


c  1  Ch.  21.  15, 
Oman:   see  vei 
18.  2  Ch.  3.  1. 


Heb.  Araniah. 


d  See  Ge.  23. 
8-16. 
e  Nu.  16.  48,  50. 


g  Ez.  20.  40, 


^  For  this  anger  endureth  but  a  moment ; 
In  "his  favor  is  Hfe  : 
Weeping  may  endure  *for  a  night. 
But  tjoy  Cometh  in  the  morning. 
^  And  'in  my  prosperity  I  said, 
I  shall  never  be  moved. 
'''  Lord,  by  thy  favor,  thou  hast  tmade  my  mountain  to  stand  strong: 

Thou  didst  hide  thy  face — and  I  was  troubled. 
^  I  cried  to  thee,  O  Lord  ; 

And  unto  the  Lord  I  made  supplication — 
^  "  What  profit  is  there  in  my  blood,  when  I  go  down  to  the  pit  ? 

Shall  'the  dust  praise  thee  ?  shall  it  declare  thy  truth?" 
^°  Hear,  O  Lord  !  and  have  mercy  upon  me  ; 

Lord  !  be  thou  my  helper. 
^^  Thou  ''hast  turned  for  me  my  mourning  into  dancing : 

Thou  hast  put  off  my  sackcloth,  and  girded  me  with  gladness ; 
^'^  To  the  end  that  *my  glory  may  sing  praise  to  thee,  and  not  be  silent. 

0  Lord  my  God,  I  will  give  thanks  unto  thee  for  ever. 

1  Chron.  xxi.  1-5,  8-14. — *  And  Satan  stood  up  against  Israel,  and  provoked  David 
to  number  Israel.  ^  And  David  said  to  Joab  and  to  the  rulers  of  the  people,  "  Go,  number 
Israel  from  Beer-sheba  even  to  Dan  ;  and  bring  the  number  of  them  to  me,  that  I  may 
know  it."  -^  And  Joab  answered,  "  The  Lord  make  his  people  an  hundred  times  so  many 
more  as  they  be  ;  but,  my  lord  the  king,  are  they  not  all  my  lord's  servants  .'  why  then 
doth  my  lord  require  this  thing .'  why  will  he  be  a  cause  of  trespass  to  Israel .' "  "i  Neverthe- 
less the  king's  word  prevailed  against  Joab.  Wherefore  Joab  departed,  and  went  through- 
out all  Israel,  and  came  to  Jerusalem. 

^  And  Joab  gave  the  sum  of  the  number  of  the  people  unto  David.  And  all  they  of 
Israel  were  a  thousand  thousand  and  an  hundred  thousand  men  that  drew  sword ;  and 
Judah  was  four  hundred  threescore  and  ten  thousand  men  that  drew  sword. 

8  And  David  said  unto  God,  "  I  have  sinned  greatly,  because  I  have  done  this  thing : 
but  now,  I  beseech  thee,  do  away  the  iniquity  of  thy  servant ;  for  I  have  done  very 
foolishly." 

8  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  Gad,  David's  seer,  saying,  '°  "  Go  and  tell  David,  saying, 
Thus  saith  the  Lord,  I  *ofFer  thee  three  things :  choose  thee  one  of  them,  that  I  may  do 
it  unto  thee."  "  So  Gad  came  to  David,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
t Choose  thee  '^either  three  years'  famine  ;  or  three  months  to  be  destroyed  before  thy 
foes,  while  that  the  sword  of  thine  enemies  overtaketh  thee  ;  or  else  three  days  the  sword 
of  the  Lord,  even  the  pestilence,  in  the  land,  and  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  destroying 
throughout  all  the  coasts  of  Israel.  Now  therefore  advise  thyself  what  word  I  shall  bring 
again  to  Him  that  sent  me."  '^  And  David  said  unto  Gad,  "  I  am  in  a  great  strait.  Let 
me  fall  now  into  the  hand  of  the  Lord,  for  very  tgreat  are  his  mercies  j  but  let  me  not  fall 
into  the  hand  of  man." 

'•»  So  the  Lord  sent  pestilence  upon  Israel ;  and  there  fell  of  Israel  seventy  thousand 
men. 

2  Samuel  xxiv.  IG. — And  "when  the  Angel  stretched  out  his  hand  upon  Jerusalem  to 
destroy  it,  Hhe  Lord  repented  him  of  the  evil,  and  said  to  the  Angel  that  destroyed  the 
people,  "  It  is  enough  :  stay  now  thy  hand."  And  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  was  by  the 
threshingplace  of  "^Araunah  the  Jebusite. 

1  Chron.  xxi.  former  part  of  var.  17. — And  David  said  unto  God,  "  Is  it  not  I  that 
conuuanded  the  people  to  be  numbered .'  even  I  it  is  that  have  sinned  and  done  evil  in- 
deed ;  but  as  for  these  sheep,  what  have  they  done  .'  let  thy  hand,  I  pray  thee,  O  Lord 
my  God,  be  on  me,  and  on  my  father's  house." 

2  Samuel  xxiv.  18,  to  the  end. — '**  And  Gad  came  that  day  to  David,  and  said  unto 
him,  '•  Go  up,  rear  an  altar  unto  the  Lord  in  the  tlireshinglloor  of  *Araunah  the  Jebu- 
site." "'And  David,  according  to  the  saying  of  Gad,  went  up  as  the  Lord  commanded. 
'*  And  Araunah  looked,  and  saw  the  king  and  his  servants  coming  on  toward  him  ;  and 
Araunah  went  out,  and  bowed  himself  before  the  king  on  his  face  upon  the  ground.  ^^  And 
Araunah  said,  "  Wherefore  is  my  lord  the  king  come  to  his  servant.''  "  <^And  David  said, 
"  To  buy  the  threshingfloor  of  thee,  to  build  an  altar  unto  the  Lord,  that  Hhe  plague  may 
be  stayed  from  the  people."  ^*  And  Araunah  said  unto  David,  "  Let  my  lord  the  king  take 
and  offer  up  what  seemeth  good  unto  him  :  /behold,  here  be  oxen  for  burnt  sacrifice,  and 
threshing  instruments  and  other  instruments  of  the  oxen  for  wood."  ^^  All  these  things 
did  Araunah,  as  a  king,  give  unto  tiie  king.  And  Araunah  said  unto  the  king,  "  The 
Lord  thy  God  ^accept  thee  !"  ^  And  the  king  said   unto  Araunah,  "  Nay,  but  I  will 


A.  M.  2989. 

B.  C. 1015. 
Jerusalem. 


510  DAVID  PREPARES  TO  BUILD  THE  TEMPLE.        [Period  IV. 

surely  buy  it  of  thee  at  a  price  ;  neither  will  I  offer  burnt  offerings  unto  the  Lord  my  God 
of  that  which  doth  cost  me  nothing."  So  David  bought  the  threshingfloor  and  the  oxen 
for  tifty  shekels  of  silver.  ^  And  David  built  there  an  altar  unto  the  Lord,  and  offered 
burnt  offerings  and  peace  offerings.  So  the  Lord  was  entreated  for  the  land,  and  the 
plague  was  stayed  from  Israel. 

SECT.  XIX.  Section  XIX. — David  prepares  to  huild  the  Temple.^^^^ 

1  Chronicles  xxii. 
Dai-id,  foreknowing  tlie  place  of  the  temple,  preparetli  abundance  for  the  building  of  it.    6  He  in- 
strucleth  Solomon  in  God's  promises,  arid  his  duly  in  building  tlie  temple.     17  lie  chargeth  the 
princes  to  assist  his  son. 

oDe.  12.5.  2Sa.       ^  Then  Duvid  Said,  '"'  Tliis  "is  the  liouse  of  the  Lord  God,  and  this 

2^- '^-  is  the  altar  of  ilie  burnt  offering  for  Israel."  -And  David  commanded 

jiKi.  9.21.        iQ  gather  together  Hhe  strangers  that  were  in  the  land  of  Israel ;  and 

he  set  masons  to  hew  wrought  stones  to  build  the  house  of  God.  ^  And 

David  prepared  iron  in  abundance  for  the  nails  for  the  doors  of  the 

ciKi.7. 47.        gates,  and  for  the  joinings  ;  and  brass  in  abundance  ""without  weight; 

d  1  Ki.  5. 6.         4  ^jgQ  cedar  trees  in  abundance  :  for  ''the  Zidonians  and  they  of  Tyre 

brought  much  cedar  wood  to  David.   ''And  David  said,  "  Solomon  my 

son  is  young  and  tender,  and  the  house  that  is  to  be  builded   for  the 

Lord  must  be  exceeding  magnifical,  of  fame  and  of  glory  throughout  all 

countries :   1  will  therefore  now  make  preparation  for  it."      So  David 

prepared  abundantly  before  his  death. 

^  Then  he  called  for  Solomon  liis  son,  and  charged  him  to  build  a 

house  for  the  Lord  God  of  Israel.  "  And  David  said  to  Solomon,  "  My 

e2Sa.7. 2.  1  Ki.  SOU,  as  for  uic,  'it  was  in  my  mind  to  build  a  house  ■'unto  the  name 

/De.  12. 5, 11.     of  the  Lord  my  God.  '^  But  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  me,  saying, 

g-iKi. 5.3.         "Thou  "hast  shed  blood  abundantly,  and  hast  made  great  wars  :    thou 

shalt  not  build  a  house  unto  my  name,  because  thou  hast  shed  much 

A 1  Ki  4  25  &     blood  upon  the  earth  in  my  sight.  ^  Behold  !  a  son  shall  be  born  to  thee, 

5. 4.  who  shall  be  a  man  of  rest ;  and  I  will  give  him  ''rest  from  all  his  ene- 

*awe!^"'*' '"'""     mies  round  about:  for  his  name  shall  be  *Solomon,  and  I  will  give 

i2Sa.  7. 13.        peacB  aud  quietness  unto  Israel  in  his  days.  ^°  He  'shall  build  a  house 

(*^)  The  arrangement  of  the  events  related  in  this  a  party  too  strong  for  his  father  to  oppose,  and  by 

section   varies   considerably    from    their   order    as  these  means  to  prevent  the  intended  advancement 

proposed   by  Lightfoot.    The   difficulty  of  placing  of  Solomon. 

them  is  very  great ;  but  the  following  considerations         The  promptitude  and  decision  of  David  defeated 

appear  to  warrant  the  present  disposition  of  the  text,  this  bold  enterprise.    Thoucrh  he  was  confined  to 

Solomon  had  been  intended  by  his  father,  from  his  couch  by  infirmities  (1  Kings  i.47.),he  ordered 

his  very  l)irth,  as  the  successor  to  the  throne.    It  is  Solomon    to  be    immediately  crowned    king,   and 

generally  supposed  that  Nathan  assured  David  that  declared  partner  of  the  throne  :  thus  investing  him 

his  son  would  succeed   him,  when  tlie   name  Jedi-  with  power  to  punish  all  conspiracies  against  the 

diiih,  "  Beloved  of  tlie  Lord,"  was  given  him  ;  and  sovereign.    This  unexpected  firmness  entirely  dis- 

wlieii  he  was  commanded  not  to  build  the  temple.  persed  tlie  adherents  of  Adonijah.    David,  however, 

When  David,  however,  was  now  very  old  and  not  content  with  this,  had  recourse  to  another  step, 

infirm,  Adonijah  began  to  assume   the   honors  of  which  secured  the   throne   to  Solomon  against  all 

royalty,  and  to  consider  himself  as  the  successor,  further  attempts.    David  summoned  the  princes  and 

Adonijah  was  the  fourth  son  of  David  :  Absalom  heads  of  Israel,  and,  leaving  his  couch,  went  to  the 

and    Amnon    were    dead,    and    his    other   brother,  assembly,  presented  Solomon  to  them  as  king,  and 

Daniel,  or  Chileab,   was   born  before    David    was  declared  the  promise  of  God,  that  Solomon  alone 

king.    According  to  the  custom  of  the  East,  theie-  should  build  the  temple,  and  establish  the  kingdom 

fore,  Adonijah  considered  himself  the  eldest  son,  as  his  successor. 

and  heir  to  the  kingdom.  Lightfoot  ascribes  the  After  this  first  assembly,  more  extensive  prepara- 
rash  and  ambitious  schemes  of  this  prince,  to  his  tions  were  made  to  build  the  temple  :  the  priests 
knowledge  of  his  father's  decre))itude  and  age  ;  and  and  Levites  are  called  together,  and  divided  into 
places,  therefore,  tl)e  passage  1  Kings  i.  before  the  their  several  courses  ;  they  do  not  appear  to  have 
account  of  the  address  of  David  to  Solomon.  This,  been  summoned  to  the  first  assembly.  It  is  probable 
however,  does  not  appear  an  adequate  cause  ;  for  that  the  chief  Psalms  composed  by  David  were 
if  Adonijah  really  supposed  himself  to  be  tlie  delivered  to  the  priests  and  singers.  And  when  all 
destined  heir,  the  very  conviction  he  entertained  of  the  preparations  for  the  objects  which  David  had 
his  father's  infirmity  ought  to  have  induced  him  to  in  view  were  completed,  the  congregation  is  sum- 
remain  quiet.  The  suspicion  of  David's  determina-  nioned  a  second  time — the  magnificent  presents  of 
lion  to  anoint  Solomon  as  his  successor,  is  more  David  to  the  intended  building  are  recorded — the 
likely  to  have  influenced  his  conduct.  Adonijah,  heads  of  the  nation  contribute  to  the  work — a  solemn 
therefore,  relying  on  the  attachment  of  Joab  the  festival  was  held,  at  which  Solomon  was  again 
head  of  the  army,  and  on  that  of  Abiathar  the  high  anointed— and  all  the  princes  publicly  submitted 
priest,  as  well  as  on  tlie  silence  hitherto  maintained  themselves  to  him,  as  they  had  before  done  to  his 
in  public  respecting  Solomon,  endeavoured  to  form  father. 


Part  VII.] 


ADONIJAH'S  REBELLION. 


511 


■f  Or,  in  my  pov- 
erty. 


J  He.  1.5.  for  niy  name  ;  and  ^he  shall  be  my  son,  and  I  will  be  his  father  ;  and  I 

will  establisii  the  throne  of  his  kingdom  over  Israel  for  ever.'  ^^  Now, 
my  son,  the  Lord  be  with  thee  !  and  prosper  thou,  and  build  the  house 

Vs'^T-i^h '  ^^"  of  the  Lord  thy  God,  as  he  hath  said  of  thee.  ^^  Only  the  Lord  *give 
thee  wisdom  and   understanding,  and  give  thee  charge  concerning  Is- 

Uos.  1.7,8.  rael,  that  thou  mayest  keep  the  law  of  the  Lord  thy  God.  ^^  Then 'shall 
thou  prosper,  if  thou  takest  heed  to  fulfil  the  statutes  and  judgments 

TnDe. 31. 7,8.  which  the  Lord  charged  Moses  with  concerning  Israel!  '"be  strong, 
and  of  good  courage  ;  dread  not,  nor  be  dismayed.  ^'*  Now,  behold  ! 
tin  my  trouble  I  have  prepared  for  the  house  of  the  Lord  an  hundred 
thousand  talents  of  gold,  and  a  thousand  thousand  talents  of  silver  ;  and 
of  brass  and  iron  without  weight ;  for  it  is  in  abundance :  timber  also 
and  stone  have  I  prepared  ;  and  thou  mayest  add  thereto.  ^^  Moreover 

J  That  is,  ma»or«  thcie  are  workmen  with    thee   in  abundance,    hewers  and  tworkers 

and  carpenters.  i      •       i  r  • 

of  stone  and  timber,  and  all  manner  of  cunning  men  for  every  manner 
of  work.  ^^  Of  the  gold,  the  silver,  and  the  brass,  and  the  iron,  there  is  no 
number.  Arise  therefore,  and  be  doing,  and  the  Lord  be  with  thee  !  " 
^"^  David  also  commanded  all  the  princes  of  Israel  to  help  Solomon 
his  son,  saying,  ^^  "  Is  not  the  Lord  your  God  with  you  ?  "and  hath  he 
not  given  you  rest  on  every  side  ?  for  he  hath  given  the  inhabitants  of 
the  land  into  my  hand ;  and  the  land  is  subdued  before  the  Lord,  and 
before  his  people.  ^^  Now  "set  your  heart  and  your  soul  to  seek  the 
Lord  your  God  ;  arise  therefore,  and  build  ye  the  sanctuary  of  the 
Lord  God,  to  ''bring  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  and  the 
holy  vessels  of  God,  into  the  house  that  is  to  be  built  to  the  name  of 
the  Lord." 

Section  XX. — Adonijalis  Rebellion ; — Solomon  is  anointed  King. 

1  Kings  i. 

Abishaa;  cherisheth  Darid  in  liis  extreme  age.  5  Adonijah,  David's  darling,  nsurpeth  the  kingdom. 
II  By  the  counsel  of  Nathan,  16  Balli-sheba  move/h  the  king,  22  and  Nathan  secondeth  her.  28 
David  reneweth  his  oath  to  Bath-sheba.  32  Solomon,  by  Dand's  appointment,  being  aiwinted  king 
by  Zadok  and  Nathan,  the  people  triumph.  41  Jonathan  bringing  these  netos,  Aaonijah's  guests 
Jlee.  30  Adonijah,  fleeing  to  the  horns  of  the  altar,  upon  his  good  behaxiiour  is  dismissed  by 
Solomon. 

^  Now  king  David  was  old  and  *stricken  in  years  ;  and  they  covered 
him  with  clothes,  but  he  gat  no  heat.  ~  Wherefore  his  servants  said 
unto  him,  "  Let  tthere  be  sought  for  my  lord  the  king  ta  young  virgin  ; 
and  let  her  stand  before  the  king,  and  let  her  *cherish  him,  and  let 
her  lie  in  thy  bosom,  that  my  lord  the  king  may  get  heat."  ^  So  they 
sought  for  a  fair  damsel  throughout  all  the  coasts  of  Israel,  and  found 
Abishag  a  Shunammite,  and  brought  her  to  the  king.  '*  And  the  dam- 
sel was  very  fair,  and  cherished  the  king,  and  ministered  to  him  ;  but 
the  king  knew  her  not. 

^  Then  "Adonijah  the  son  of  Haggith  exalted  himself,  saying,  "  I  will 
tbe  king:"  and  he  prepared  him  chariots  and  horsemen,  and  fifty  men 
to  run  before  him.  ^And  his  father  had  not  displeased  him  tat  any 
time  in  saying,  "  Why  hast  thou  done  so?  "  and  he  also  was  a  very 
goodly  man  ;  and  his  mother  bare  him  after  Absalom.  '''And  *he  con- 
ferred with  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah,  and  with  Abiathar  the  priest ; 
and  they,  tfollowing  Adonijah,  helped  him.  ^But  Zadok  the  priest, 
and  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada,  and  Nathan  the  prophet,  and  Shimei, 
and  Rei,  and  Hhe  mighty  men  which  belonged  to  David,  were  not  with 
Adonijah.  ^  And  Adonijah  slew  sheep  and  oxen  and  fat  cattle  by  the 
stone  of  Zoheleth,  whicli  is  by  tEn-rogel,  and  called  all  his  brethren 
the  king's  sons,  and  all  the  men  of  Judah  the  king's  servants  ;  ^°  but 
Nathan  the  prophet,  and  Benaiah,  and  the  mighty  men,  and  Solomon  his 
brother,  he  called  not. 

^^  Wherefore  Nathan  spake  unto  Bath-sheba  the  mother  of  Solomon, 


nDe.  12. 
^2.  4. 

10.    J09. 

0  2  Ch.  20.  3. 

ol  Ki.  8. 
2  Ch.  5. 

6,21. 

7. 

SECT. 

.  XX. 

A.  M. 

2989. 

B.C. 

1015. 

Hales. 

,  1030. 

*  Heb.  entered 
into  days. 


t  Heb.  them  seek. 
J  Heb.  a  damsel. 


a  2  Sa.  3. ' 
■|  Heb.  reig 


t  Heb./n 
days. 


J  Ueh.hclped after 
.Adonijah. 


X  Or,  the  well 
Rogel.  2  Sa.  17. 


512 


SOLOMON  IS  ANOINTED  KING. 


[Period  IV. 


Heb.  fill  up. 


t  Heb.  "  What  to 


d  De.  31.  16. 
J  Heb.  sinners. 


*Heb.  'Lctkh 
Adonijah  live. 
1  ija.  10.  34. 


f  Heb.  before  the 

ktll;r. 

e  2  Sa.  4.  9. 


J  Heb.  which  be- 
longeth  to  vie: 
Bee  Ksl.  (i.  8. 

Al  Sa.  10.  I.  &: 
1G.3,  12.  2Sa. 
2.  4.  &.  5.  3. 

1  Ki.  19.  16. 
2Ki.  9.  3.  &.  II. 
12. 

i2.<a.  15.  10. 

2  Ki.  9.  13.  &. 
11.  14. 


saying,  "  Hast  thou  not  heard  that  Adonijah  the  son  of  Haggith  doth 
reign,  and  David  our  lord  knoueth  it  not  ?  '-  Now  therefore  come,  let 
me,  I  pray  thee,  give  thee  counsel,  that  thou  mayest  save  thine  own 
life,  and  the  life  of  thy  son  Solomon.  ^^  Go  and  get  thee  in  unto  king 
David,  and  say  unto  him.  Didst  not  thou,  my  lord,  O  king,  swear 
unto  thy  handmaid,  saying,  Assuredly  'Solomon  thy  son  shall  reign 
after  me,  and  he  shall  sit  upon  my  throne  ?  Why  then  doth  Adonijah 
reign  ?  ^^  Behold,  while  thou  yet  talkest  there  with  the  king,  I  also 
will  come  in  after  thee,  and  *confirni  thy  words." 

^^And  Bath-sheba  went  in  unto  the  king  into  the  chamber:  and  the 
king  was  very  old ;  and  Abishag  the  Shunammite  ministered  unto  the 
king.  ^^  And  Bath-sheba  bowed,  and  did  obeisance  unto  the  king. 
And  the  king  said,  "  tWhat  wouldest  thou?"  ^'^  And  she  said  unto 
him,  "  My  lord,  thou  SAvarest  by  the  Lord  thy  God  unto  thy  hand- 
maid, saying,  '  Assuredly  Solomon  thy  son  shall  reign  after  me,  and 
he  shall  sit  upon  my  throne.'  ^*  And  now,  behold,  Adonijah  reigneth  ; 
and  now,  my  lord  the  king,  thou  knowest  it  not.  ^'^  And  he  hath  slain 
oxen  and  fat  cattle  and  sheep  in  abundance,  and  hath  called  all  the 
sons  of  the  king,  and  Abiathar  the  priest,  and  Joab  the  captain  of  the 
host ;  but  Solomon  thy  servant  hath  he  not  called.  ~^  And  thou,  my 
lord,  O  king,  the  eyes  of  all  Israel  are  upon  thee,  that  thou  shouldest 
tell  them  who  shall  sit  on  the  throne  of  my  lord  the  king  after  him. 
-^  Otherwise  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  my  lord  the  king  shall  ''sleep 
with  his  fathers,  that  I  and  my  son  Solomon  shall  be  counted  tofl'enders." 

^^  And,  lo  !  while  she  yet  talked  with  the  king,  Nathan  the  prophet 
also  came  in.  ^^  And  they  told  the  king,  saying,  "  Behold  Nathan  the 
prophet."  And  when  he  was  come  in  before  the  king,  he  bowed  him- 
self before  the  king  with  his  face  to  the  ground.  ^^  And  Nathan  said, 
"  My  lord,  O  king,  hast  thou  said,  Adonijah  shall  reign  after  me,  and 
he  shall  sit  upon  my  throne  ?  ^^  For  he  is  gone  down  this  day,  and 
hath  slain  oxen  and  fat  cattle  and  sheep  in  abundance,  and  hath  called 
all  the  king's  sons,  and  the  captains  of  the  host,  and  Abiathar  the 
priest  ;  and,  behold,  they  eat  and  drink  before  him,  and  say, '  *God  save 
king  Adonijah  ! '  ^'^  But  me,  even  me  thy  servant,  and  Zadok  the  priest, 
and  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada,  and  thy  servant  Solomon,  hath  he 
not  called.  -"^  Is  this  thing  done  by  my  lord  the  king,  and  thou  hast 
not  showed  it  unto  thy  servant,  who  should  sit  on  the  throne  of  my 
lord  the  king  after  him  ?  " 

^^  Then  king  David  answered  and  said,  "  Call  me  Bath-sheba."  And 
she  came  tinto  the  king's  presence,  and  stood  before  the  king.  ^^  And 
the  king  sware,  and  said,  "  As  'the  Lord  liveth,  that  hath  redeemed 
my  soul  out  of  all  distress,  ^°  even  as  I  sware  unto  thee  by  the  Lord 
God  of  Israel,  saying, '  Assuredly  Solomon  thy  son  shall  reign  after  me, 
and  he  shall  sit  upon  my  throne  in  my  stead ; '  even  so  will  I  certainly 
do  this  day."  "^'  Then  Bath-sheba  bowed  with  her  face  to  the  earth, 
and  did  reverence  to  the  king,  and  said,  "  Let  ^my  lord  king  David 
live  for  ever  !  " 

^■- And  king  David  said.  "  Call  me  Zadok  the  priest,  and  Nathan 
the  prophet,  and  Benaiah  the  son  of  .Tehoiada."  And  they  came  before 
the  king.  ^^  The  king  also  said  unto  them,  "  Take  ^with  you  the  ser- 
vants of  your  lord,  and  cause  Solomon  my  son  to  ride  upon  tmine 
own  mule,  and  bring  him  down  to  Gihon.  ^^  And  let  Zadok  the  priest 
and  Niithan  the  prophet  'anoint  him  there  king  over  Israel ;  and 'blow 
ye  with  the  trumpet,  and  say,  God  save  king  Solomon!  ^^Then  ye 
shall  come  up  after  him,  that  he  may  come  and  sit  upon  my  throne  ; 
for  he  shall  be  king  in  my  stead,  and  I  have  appointed  him  to  be  ruler 
over  Israel  and    over    Judah.    ^^  And   Benaiah  the   son  of  Jehoiada 


Part  VIL]  FIRST  ASSEMBLY  OF  THE  PEOPLE.  513 

answered  the  kini?,  and  said,  "  Amen  !  the  Lord  God  of  my  lord  the 
^i°iii\o'i3'       king  say  so  too  !  ^"^As^the  Lord   hath  been  with  my  lord  the   king, 
even  so  be  lie  with  Solomon,  and  make  his  throne  greater  than  the  throne 
of  my  lord  king  David." 

^^  So  Zadok   the  priest,  and  Nathan  the  prophet,  and  Benaiah   the 

son  of  Jehoiada,  and  the  Cherethites,  and  the  Pelethites,  went  down, 

and  cansed  Solomon  to  ride  npon  king  David's  mule,  and  brought  him 

M'^pT'sf '2^'    ^°  Crihon.  =^3  And  Zadok  the  priest  took  a  horn  of  *^oil  out  of  the  tab- 

nch.29. 23.      ernacle,  and  'anointed  Solomon.     And  they  blew  the  trumpet :  "and 

VI 1  sa.  10. 24.      all  the  people  said,  ''  God  save  king  Solomon  !  "  '^^  And  all  the  people 

*or,flutcs.         came  up  after  him,  and  the  people  piped  with  *pipes,  and  rejoiced 

with  great  joy,  so  that  the  earth  rent  with  the  sound  of  them. 

■^^  And  Adonijah  and  all  the  guests  that  were  with  him  heard  it  as  they 
had  made  an  end  of  eating.  And  when  Joab  heard  the  sound  of  the 
trumpet,  he  said,  "  Wherefore  is  this  noise  of  the  city  being  in  an 
uproar  ?  "  '*-'^  And  while  he  yet  spake,  behold,  Jonathan,  the  son  of 
Abiathar  the  priest  came ;  and  Adonijah  said  unto  him,  "  Come  in  ; 
for  thou  art  a  valiant  man,  and  bringest  good  tidings."  "^"^  And  Jonathan 
answered  and  said  to  Adonijah,  "  Verily  our  lord  king  David  hath 
made  Solomon  king.  '^^  And  the  king  hath  sent  with  him  Zadok  the 
priest,  and  Nathan  the  prophet,  and  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada,  and 
the  Cherethites,  and  the  Pelethites,  and  they  have  caused  him  to  ride 
upon  the  king's  mule.  "^^  And  Zadok  the  priest  and  Nathan  the  prophet 
have  anointed  him  king  in  Gihon  ;  and  they  are  come  up  from  thence 
rejoicing,  so  that  the  city  rang  again.  This  is  the  noise  that  ye  have 
heard.  '"'  And  also  Solomon  sitteth  on  the  throne  of  the  kingdom.  ^'^  And 
moreover  the  king's  servants  came  to  bless  our  lord  king  David,  say- 
ing, '  God  make  the  name  of  Solomon  better  than  thy  name,  and  make 
nGe.47.31.  j^jg  ti^ronc  greater  than  thy  throne!'  "and  the  king  bowed  himself 
upon  the  bed.  "^  And  also  thus  said  the  king,  '  Blessed  be  the  Lord 
God  of  Israel,  which  hath  "given  one  to  sit  on  my  throne  this  day, 
mine  eyes  even  seeing  it ! '  "  ^■' And  all  the  guests  that  were  with  Adon- 
ijah were  afraid,  and  rose  up,  and  went  every  man  his  way. 

^°And  Adonijah  feared  because  of  Solomon,  and  arose,  and  went, 

and  caught  hold  on  the  horns  of  the  altar.  ^^  And  it  was  told  Solomon, 

saying,  "  Behold  Adonijah   feareth  king   Solomon ;  for,  lo  !  he  hath 

caught  hold  on  the  horns  of  the  altar,  saying,  '  Let  king  Solomon  swear 

unto  me  to-day  that  he  will  not  slay  his  servant  with  the  sword.'  " 

^iil'il'iT.'Ac.  ^~  ^'^^  Solomon  said,  "  If  he  will  show  himself  a  worthy  man,  ^there 

27. 34.  shall  not  a  hair  of  him  fall  to  the  earth  ;  but  if  wickedness  shall  be 

found  in  him,  he  shall  die."  ^^  So  king  Solomon  sent,  and  they  brought 

him  down  from  the  altar.  And  he  came  and  bowed  himself  to   king 

Solomon  ;  and  Solomon  said  unto  him,  "  Go  to  thy  house." 

SECT.  XXL  Section  XXI. — First  Assembly  of  the  People ; — David's  Charge  to  Solomon. 

A.  M.  2989.  1  Chron.  xxiii.  1.  and   xxviii.  I-IO. — Psalms  xci.  and  cxlv. 

B.  C.  1015.  David,  in  a  solemn  assembly  hmmig  declared   God's  favor  to  him,  and  promise  to  his  son  Solojiioit, 
exhorteth  him  to/ear  God.     His  Psalms. 

^  So  when  David  was  old  and  full  of  days,  he  made  Solomon  his  son 
king  over  Israel. 

^  And  David  assembled  all  the  princes  of  Israel,  the  princes       l  Chron. 


0  1  Ki.  3.  6.  Ps. 
1.32.  11,  12. 


of  the  tribes,  and  the  captains  of  the  companies  that 


mmis- 


xxviii.  1-10. 


tered  to  the  king  by  course,  and  the  captains  over  the  thousands,  and 
oi,  cattle.         captains  over  the  hundreds,  and  the  stewards  over  all  the  substance  and 
o'r',r«!mir'"   *possession  of  the  king,  tand  of  his  sons,  with  the  tofficers,  and  with  "the 
1  ch.  11. 10.      mighty  men,  and  with  all  the  valiant  men,  unto  Jerusalem.  ~  Then  Da- 
vid the  king  stood  up  upon  his  feet,  and  said,  "  Hear  me,  my  brethren, 
VOL.  I.  65 


514 


DAVID'S  CHARGE  TO  SOLOMON. 


[Period  IV. 


J2Sa.7.2.  Ps. 
IK.  3-5. 

e2Sa. 
IKi. 
17.  4. 

,  7.  5,  13. 
5.  3.  1  Ch. 
&S.  8. 

*Heb. 

.  bloods. 

dlSa 

.  16.  7-13. 

«  Ge.  49.  8.  1  Ch. 
5.  2.  Ps.  60.  7. 
&  78.  68. 

/ISa. 
&23. 

26.1. 
1.  3.  I,  &.C. 

hi  Ch 

.22.9. 

t2Sa. 

7.  13, 14. 

tHeb. 
ICh. 

^:i§: 

and  my  people  !  As  for  me,  ''I  had  in  my  heart  to  build  a  house  of  rest 
for  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  and  for  the  footstool  of  our  God^ 
and  had  made  ready  for  the  building.  ^  But  God  said  unto  me,  '  Thou 
'shalt  not  build  a  house  for  my  name,  because  thou  hast  been  a  man 
of  war,  and  hast  shed  *blood.'  "*  Hovvbeit  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  ''chose 
me  before  all  the  house  of  my  father  to  be  king  over  Israel  for  ever : 
for  he  hath  chosen  "Judah  to  be  the  ruler ;  and  of  the  house  of  Judah, 
■^the  house  of  my  father  ;  and  among  the  sons  of  my  father  he  liked  me 
to  make  me  king  over  all  Israel.  ^  And  ^of  all  my  sons,  (for  the  Lord 
hath  given  me  many  sons,)  ''he  hath  chosen  Solomon  my  son  to  sit 
upon  the  throne  of  the  kingdom  of  the  Lord  over  Israel.  ^  And  he  said 
unto  me, '  Solomon  'thy  son,  he  shall  build  my  house  and  my  courts ; 
for  I  have  chosen  him  to  be  my  son,  and  I  will  be  his  father.  "  More- 
over I  will  establish  his  kingdom  for  ever,  if  he  be  tconstant  to  do  my 
commandments  and  my  judgments,  as  at  this  day.'  '^  Now  therefore 
in  the  sight  of  all  Israel  the  congregation  of  the  Lord,  and  in  the  au- 
dience of  our  God,  keep  and  seek  for  all  the  commandments  of  the 
Lord  your  God ;  that  ye  may  possess  this  good  land,  and  leave  it  for 
an  inheritance  for  your  children  after  you  for  ever. — ^  And  thou,  Solo- 
mon my  son,  %now  thou  the  God  of  thy  father,  and  serve  him  'with  a 
perfect  heart  and  with  a  willing  mind :  for  'the  Lord  searcheth  all 
hearts,  and  understandeth  all  the  imaginations  of  the  thoughts  :  "if  thou 
seek  him,  he  will  be  found  of  thee ;  but  if  thou  forsake  him,  he  will 
cast  thee  off  for  ever.  ^°  Take  heed  now  ;  for  the  Lord  hath  chosen 
thee  to  build  a  house  for  the  sanctuary :  be  strong,  and  do  it." 

^XCl.  PSALM   XCI.(69) 

The  state  of  the  godly.     3  Their  safety.    9  Their  habitation.    U  Their  sen-ants.    H  Their  frierid ; 

with  the  effects  of  them  all. 

^-  5-  1  He  "that  dwelleth  in  the  secret  place  of  the  Most  High 

Shall  *abide  under  the  shadow  of  the  Almighty. 
2  I  will  say  of  the  Lord,  He  is  my  refuge  and  my  fortress : 

My  God  ;  in  him  will  I  trust. 
^  Surely  he  shall  deliver  thee  from  the  snare  of  the  fowler, 

And  from  the  noisome  pestilence. 
^  He  shall  cover  thee  with  his  feathers, 

And  under  his  wings  shalt  thou  trust : 

His  truth  shall  be  thy  shield  and  buckler. 
^  Thou  ''shalt  not  be  afraid  for  the  terror  by  night ; 

Nor  for  the  arrow  that  flieth  by  day ; 
^  Nor  for  the  pestilence  that  waiketh  in  darkness  ; 

Nor  for  the  destruction  that  wasteth  at  noonday. 
'  A  thousand  shall  fall  at  thy  side, 

And  ten  thousand  at  thy  right  hand  ; 

But  it  shall  not  come  nigh  thee. 
®  Only  Vith  thine  eyes  shalt  thou  behold 

And  see  the  reward  of  the  wicked, 
^  Because  thou  hast  made  the  Lord  which  is  my  refuge, 

Even  the  Most  High,  thy  habitation  ; 
1°  There  "shall  no  evil  befall  thee, 

Neither  shall  any  plague  come  nigh  thy  dwelling. 
''  For  'he  shall  give  his  angels  charge  over  thee. 

To  keep  thee  in  all  thy  ways. 


jJe.  9.  24.  Ho.  4. 

1.  John  17.  3. 
k  2  Ki.  20.  3.  Pa. 

101.  2. 
1 1  Sa.  16.  7. 

1  Ki.  8.  39.  Ps. 

7.  9.  Pr.  17.  3. 

Je.  J  1.20.    Re. 

2.23. 
m  2  Ch.  15. 2. 


"•  Heb.  lodge.  Ps 
17.8. 


b  Job  5.  19,  &c. 
Ps.    112.  7.  Pr. 
3.23,24.  13.43. 
2. 


;  Ps.  37.  34.  Mai, 
1.5. 


e  Ps.  34.  7.  &  71 

3.  Mat.  4.6.  Lu 

4.  10,  11.  He.  1. 
11. 


(8^)  This  Psalm  seems,  from  its  internal  evidence, 
to  be  addressed  to  Solomon ;  to  encourage  him  to 
persevere  in  his  allegiance  to  the  King  of  kings. 
It  describes  the  security,  tlie  reward,  and  the  hap- 
piness of  religion.  I  have  inserted  it  therefore 
after  the  charge  of  David  to  his  son.     It  is  prophetic 


of  Christ,  and  is  quoted   by  him  as  applicable  to 
liiniself 

Psalm  cxlv.  This  fine  hymn  of  praise  was  not 
improbably  written  towards  the  termination  of 
David's  life  ;  on  surveying  the  wisdom,  mercy,  and 
goodness  of  God  both  to  himself  and  to  all  nature. 


Part  VIL] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS  AFTER  HIS  CHARGE  TO  SOLOMON        515 


/Job  5.  23.  Pa. 
37.  24. 
I  Or,  asp. 


g  Ps.  50.  15. 

k  Is.  43.  2. 

i  1  Sa.  2.  30. 

t  Heb.  length  of 
days.  Pr.  5. 2. 


PSALM  CXLV. 
<i  Ps.  100,  title. 


*  Heb.  And  of  his 
greatness  there 
IS  no  search.  Job 
5.  9.  Ro.  n.  33. 

c  Is.  38.  19. 


J  Heb.  decZare  it. 


d  Ex.  34.  6,  7. 

Nu.  14.  18.  Ps. 

86.  5,  15. 
*  Heb.  great  in 

mercy. 
€  Ps.  100.  5,  Ntth. 

1.7. 
/Ps.  19.  1. 


t  Heb.  a  kingdom 
of  all  ages.  Ps. 
146.  10.  1  Ti.  1. 
17. 

e  Ps.  146.  8. 

+  Or,  look  unto 
thee.  Pa.  104.  27. 
ft  Ps.  136.  25. 


*  Or,  merciful, 

bountiful. 
jVe.A.  7. 
k  John  4.  24. 


!Ps.  3).  23.&97. 
10. 


12  They  shall  bear  thee  up  in  their  hands, 
Lest  -^thou  dash  thy  foot  against  a  stone. 

13  Thou  shalt  tread  upon  the  lion,  and  tadder  : 

The  young  lion  and  the  dragon  shalt  thou  trample  under  feet. 
14  Because  he  hath  set  his  love  upon  Me, 

Therefore  will  I  deliver  him : 

I  will  set  him  on  high, 

Because  he  hath  known  my  name. 
1^  He  "^shall  call  upon  Me,  and  I  will  answer  him  : 

I  ''will  be  with  him  in  trouble  ; 

I  will  deliver  him,  and  'honor  him. 
1*"  With  tlong  life  will  I  satisfy  him, 

And  show  him  my  salvation. 

PSALM  CXLV. 

David  praiseth  God  for  his  fame,  8  for  his  goodness,  II  for  his  kingdom,  U  for  his  providence,  17 

for  his  saving  mercy. 

David's  "Psalm  of  Praise. 

1 1  will  extol  thee,  my  God,  O  King  ! 
And  I  will  bless  thy  name  for  ever  and  ever. 

2  Every  day  will  I  bless  thee ; 

And  I  will  praise  thy  name  for  ever  and  ever. 

3  Great  ^s  the  Lord,  and  greatly  to  be  praised ; 
*And  his  greatness  is  unsearchable. 

''  One  "generation  shall  praise  thy  works  to  another, 

And  shall  declare  thy  mighty  acts. 
^  I  will  speak  of  the  glorious  honor  of  thy  majesty, 

And  of  thy  wondrous  fworks. 
^  And  men  shall  speak  of  the  might  of  thy  terrible  acts  ; 

And  I  will  tdeclare  thy  greatness. 
'  They  shall  abundantly  utter  the  memory  of  thy  great  goodness, 

And  shall  sing  of  thy  righteousness. 

^  The  "^LoRD  is  gracious,  and  full  of  compassion ; 

Slow  to  anger,  and  *of  great  mercy. 
9  The  'Lord  is  good  to  all ; 

And  his  tender  mercies  are  over  all  his  works. 
1"  All  •'^thy  works  shall  praise  thee,  O  Lord  ! 

And  thy  saints  shall  bless  thee. 

11  They  shall  speak  of  the  glory  of  thy  kingdom. 
And  talk  of  thy  power  ; 

12  To  make  known  to  the  sons  of  men  his  mighty  acts, 
And  the  glorious  majesty  of  his  kingdom. 

12  Thy  kingdom  is  tan  everlasting  kingdom. 

And  thy  dominion  endureth  throughout  all  generations. 
14  The  Lord  upholdeth  all  that  fall. 

And  ^raiseth  up  all  those  that  be  bowed  down. 
1^  The  eyes  of  all  twait  upon  thee  ; 

And  "thou  givest  them  their  meat  in  due  season. 
1^  Thou  openest  thy  hand. 

And  ^satisfiest  the  desire  of  every  hving  thing. 
I'''  The  Lord  is  righteous  in  all  his  ways, 

And  *holy  in  all  his  works. 

1^  The  ^LoRD  is  nigh  unto  all  them  that  call  upon  him, 

To  all  that  call  upon  him  '^in  truth. 
i'^  He  will  fulfil  the  desire  of  them  that  fear  him : 

He  also  will  hear  their  cry,  and  will  save  them. 
20  The  'Lord  preserveth  all  them  that  love  him ; 

But  all  the  wicked  will  he  destroy. 


516 


PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  TEMPLE  SERVICE.        [Period  IV. 


2^  My  mouth  shall  speak  the  praise  of  the  Lord  ; 
And  let  all  flesh  bless  his  holy  name  for  ever  and  ever. 


Section  XXII. — Preparations  for  the  Service  of  the  Temple. 


A.  M.  2989. 
B.  C.  1015. 


*  Or.  to  oversee, 
b  De.  16.  18. 


cSee2Ch.29.25, 
26.  Am.  6.  5. 

d  Ex.  6.  16.  Nu. 
26.  57. 

t  Heb.  dicisions. 

t  Or,  Libni,  1  Ch. 
6.17. 


►  Or,  ZizaJi, 
11. 


t  Heb.  did  not 
multiply  sons. 


e  Ex.  6.  18,  20. 

/Ex.28.  1.  He. 
5.  4. 


g  Ex.  30.  7. 
A  De.  21.  5. 
i  Xu.  6.  23. 
j  Ex.  2.  23. 

X  Shubael,  1  Ch. 

24. 20. 

*  Or,  the  first. 
t  Heb.  highly 

multiplied. 
t  SkelonwtA, 

ICh.  24.22. 


*  Or,  kinsmen, 
k  Sec  Nu.  36.  6, 
8. 


\  Or,  and  he  dxeeU 
eth  in  Jerusalem, 
4c. 

I  Nu.  4.  5,  Sec. 

J  Heb.  numbers. 

*  Heb.  their  sta- 
tion was  at  the 
hand  of  the  sons 
of  Aaron.  Nsli. 
11.24. 


1  Chkon.  xxiii.  2,  to  the  end,  x.xiv.,  xxv.,  xxvi.,  xxvii.  1-22,  and  25,  to  the  end,and  xxviii. 
n,  to  the  end. 

The  number  and  distrilnUion  of  the  Leviles.  7  The  families  of  the  Gershonites.  12  The  sons  of 
Kohath.  21  The  sons  of  Merari.  24  The  office  of  the  Levites.  —  Chap.  xxiv.  1  The  divisions  of 
the  sons  of  Aaron  by  lot  into  four  and  twenty  orders.  20  The  Kohathites,  27  and  the  Merarites 
divided  by  lot.  —  Chap.  x.xv.  1  Tlie  number  and  offices  of  the  singers.  8  Tlieir  division  by  lot 
into  four  and  twenty  orders.  —  Chap.  xxvi.  1  Tlie  divisions  of  the  porters.  13  nie  gates  assigned 
by  tot.     20  The  Levites  that  had  cJiarge  of  the  treasures.     29  Officers  and  Judges.  —  Chap,  xxvii. 

1  The  twelve  captains  for  e\-ery  several  month.  JG  Tlie  princes  of  the  twelve  tribes.  25  David's 
several  offcers.  — Chap,  xxviii.  11  David  giveth  Solomon  patterns  for  the  form,  and  gold  and  sil- 
ver for  tlie  materials,  of  the  temple,  20  ichich  he  eiwourageth  him  to  build. 

2  And  he  gathered  together  all  the  princes  of  Israel,  with  the  priests 
and  the  Levites.  ^  Now  the  Levites  were  numbered  from  the  age  of 
"thirty  years  and  upward  ;  and  their  number  by  their  polls,  man  by 
man,  was  thirty  and  eight  thousand.  *  Of  which,  twenty  and  four  thou- 
sand were  *to  set  forward  the  work  of  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  and 
six  thousand  were  'officers  and  judges.  ^  Moreover  four  thousand  were 
porters ;  and  four  thousand  praised  the  Lord  with  the  instruments 
'which  I  made,  said  David,  to  praise  therewith.  ^  And  ''David  divided 
them  into  Icourscs  among  the  sons  of  Levi,  namely,  Gershon,  Kohath, 
and  Merari. 

"Of  the  Gershonites  were,  jLaadan,  and  Shimei.  ^The  sons  of 
Laadan  ;  the  chief  was  Jehiel,  and  Zetham,  and  Joel,  three.  ^The 
sons  of  Shimei ;  Shelomith,  and  Haziel,  and  Haran,  three  :  these 
were  the  chief  of  the  fathers  of  Laadan.  i°  And  the  sons  of  Shimei 
were,  Jahath,  *Zina,  and  Jeush,  and  Beriah :  these  four  were  the 
sons  of  Shimei.  ^^  And  Jahath  was  the  chief,  and  Zizah  the  second: 
but  Jeush  and  Beriah  thad  not  many  sons  ;  therefore  they  were  in 
one  reckoning,  according  to  their  father's  house. 

1-  The  'sons  of  Kohath  ;  Amram,  Izhar,  Hebron,  and  Uzziel,  four. 
^^  The  sons  of  Amram  :  Aaron  and  Moses  :  and  'Aaron  was  separated, 
that  he  should  sanctify  the  most  holy  things,  he  and  his  sons  for  ever, 
^to  burn  incense  before  the  Lord,  'to  minister  unto  him,  and  'to  bless 
in  his  name  for  ever.  ^"^  Now  concerning  Moses  the  man  of  God,  his 
sons  were  named  of  the  tribe  of  Levi.  ^^ The  •'sons  of  Moses  were, 
Gershom,  and  Eliezer.  ^^  Of  the  sons  of  Gershom,  IShebuel  was  the 
chief.  ^^  And  the  sons  of  Eliezer  were,  Rehabiah  *the  chief.  And 
Eliezer  had  none  other  sons  ;  but  the  sons  of  Rehabiah  were  tvery 
many.  ^^  Of  the  sons  of  Izhar;  tShelomith  the  chief.  ^^  Of  the  sons 
of  Hebron  ;  Jeriah  the  first,  Amariah  the  second.  Jahaziel  the  third, 
and  Jekameam  the  fourth.  -°  Of  the  sons  of  Uzziel ;  Micah  the  first, 
and  Jesiah  the  second. 

-iThe  sons  of  Merari ;  Mahli,  and  Mushi.  Tiie  sons  of  MahU ; 
Eleazar,  and  Kish.  ~- And  Eleazar  died,  and  had  no  sons,  but  daugh- 
ters; and  their  *brethren  the  sons  of  Kish  Hook  them.  -^Xhe  sons  of 
Mushi ;  Mahli,  and  Eder,  and  Jeremoth,  three. 

-^  These  were  the  sons  of  Levi  after  the  house  of  their  fathers ; 
even  the  chief  of  the  fathers,  as  they  were  counted  by  number  of 
names  by  their  polls,  that  did  the  work  for  the  service  of  the  house 
of  the  Lord,  from  the  age  of  twenty  years  and  upward.  -^  For  David 
said,  "  The  Lord  God  of  Israel  hath  given  rest  unto  his  people,  ithat 
they  may  dwell  in  Jerusalem  for  ever  :  ^e  and  also  unto  the  Levites  ; 
they  sliall  no  more  'carry  the  tabernacle,  nor  any  vessel  of  it  for 
the  service  thereof."  -"  For  by  the  last  words  of  David  the  Levites 
were  ^numbered  from  twenty  years  old  and  above :  ^^  because  *their 
office  was  to  wait  on  the  sons  of  Aaron  for  the  service  of  the  house 


Part  VII.] 


m  Ex.  25.  30. 
n  Lo.  6.  20. 
0  Le.  2.  4,  5,  7. 
t  Ot,  flat  plate. 
Le.  19.  35. 


p  Nu.  10.  10.  Pa. 
81.  3. 
9  Le.  23.  4. 
r  Nu.  1.  53. 
5  Nu.  3.  6-9. 


t  Nu.  3.  4.  &  26. 
61. 


PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  TEMPLE  SERVICE. 


517 


J  Heb.  house  of 
the  father. 


of  the  Lord,  in  the  courts,  and  in  the  chambers,  and  in  the  purify- 
ing of  all  holy  things,  and  the  work  of  the  service  of  the  house  of 
God  ;  -^  both  for  '"Ihe  showbread,  and  for  "the  fine  flour  for  meat 
ottering,  and  for  "the  unleavened  cakes,  and  for  that  which  is  baked 
in  theljDan,  and  for  that  which  is  fried,  and  for  all  manner  of  measure 
and  size  ;  '■^^  and  to  stand  every  morning  to  thank  and  praise  the  Lord, 
and  likewise  at  even  ;  ^^  and  to  offer  all  burnt  sacrifices  unto  the  Lord 
''in  the  Sabbaths,  in  the  new-moons,  and  on  the  'set  feasts,  by  number, 
according  to  the  order  commanded  unto  them,  continually  before  the 
Lord  ;  ^^  and  that  they  should  'keep  the  charge  of  the  tabernacle  of  the 
congregation,  and  the  charge  of  the  holy  place,  and  'the  charge  of  the 
sons  of  Aaron  their  brethren,  in  the  service  of  the  house  of  the  Lord. 

^  Now  these  are  the  divisions  of  the  sons  of  Aaron.  The  i  Chron. 
sons  of  Aaron  ;  Nadab,  and  Abihu,  Eleazar,  and  Ithamar.  ^^''^■ 
2  But  'Nadab  and  Abihu  died  before  their  father,  and  had  no  children : 
therefore  Eleazar  and  Ithamar  executed  the  priest's  office.  =^  And  David 
distributed  them,  both  Zadok  of  the  sons  of  Eleazar,  and  Ahimelech  of 
the  sons  of  Ithamar,  according  to  their  offices  in  their  service. 

■*  And  there  were  more  chief  men  found  of  the  sons  of  Eleazar  than 
of  the  sons  of  Ithamar  ;  and  thus  were  they  divided.  Among  the  sons  of 
Eleazar  there  were  sixteen  chief  men  of  the  house  of  their  fathers,  and 
eight  among  the  sons  of  Ithamar  according  to  the  house  of  their  fathers. 
^  Thus  were  they  divided  by  lot,  one  sort  with  another  ;  for  the  gov- 
ernors of  the  sanctuary,  and  governors  of  the  house  of  God,  were  of 
the  sons  of  Eleazar,  and  of  the  sons  of  Ithamar. 

^  And  Shemaiah  the  son  of  Nethaneel  the  scribe,  one  of  the  Levites, 
wrote  them  before  the  king,  and  the  princes,  and  Zadok  the  priest, 
and  Ahimelech  the  son  of  Abiathar,  and  before  the  chief  of  the  fathers 
of  the  priests  and  Levites :  one  tprincipal  household  being  taken  for 
Eleazar,  and  one  taken  for  Ithamar. 

'  Now  the  first  lot  came  forth  to  Jehoiarib,  the  second  to  Jedaiah, 
8  the  third  to  Harim,  the  fourth  to  Seorim,  Hhe  fifth  to  Malchijah,  the 
•  sixth  to  Mijamin,  ^^  the  seventh  to  Hakkoz,  the  eighth  to  "Abijah, 
11  the  ninth  to  Jeshuah,  the  tenth  to  Shecaniah,  i- the  eleventh  to  Elia- 
shib,  the  twelfth  to  Jakim,  ^^the  thirteenth  to  Huppah,  the  fourteenth 
to  Jeshebeab,  ^^  the  fifteenth  to  Bilgah,  the  sixteenth  to  Immer,  ^^  the 
seventeenth  to  Hezir,  the  eighteenth  to  Aphses,  ^^  the  nineteenth  to 
Pethahiah,  the  twentieth  to  Jehezekel,  ^^  the  one  and  twentieth  to 
Jachin,  the  two  and  twentieth  to  Gamul,  ^^  the  three  and  twentieth  to 
Delaiah,  the  four  and  twentieth  to  Maaziah.  ^^  These  were  the  order- 
ings  of  them  in  their  service  to  come  into  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
according  to  their  manner,  under  Aaron  their  father,  as  the  Lord  God 
of  Israel  had  commanded  him. 

20  And  the  rest  of  the  sons  of  Levi  were  these.  Of  the  sons  of  Am- 
ram  ;  "Shubael :  of  the  sons  of  Shubael ;  Jehdeiah.  -^  Concerning  Reha- 
biah  :  of  the  sons  of  Rehabiah,  the  first  was  Isshiah.  ^'  Of  the  Izharites  ; 
"Slielomoth  :  of  the  sons  of  Shelomoth  ;  Jahath.  ~^  And  the  sons  of 
Hebron ;  Jeriah  the  first,  Amariah  the  second,  Jahaziel  the  third,  Jeka- 
meam  the  fourth.  -^  Of  the  sons  of  Uzziel ;  Michah  :  of  the  sons  of 
Michah  ;  Shamir.  -^  The  brother  of  Michah  was  Isshiah  :  of  the  sons  of 
Isshiah  ;  Zechariah.  ^e  The  ""sons  of  Merari  were  Mahli  and  Mushi  : 
the  sons  of  Jaaziah  ;  Beno.  ^^  The  sons  of  Merari  by  Jaaziah  ;  Beno, 
and  Shoham,  and  Zaccur,  and  Ibri.  ^s  Of  Mahli  came  Eleazar,  who 
had  no  sons.  ^^  Concerning  Kish  :  the  son  of  Kish  was  Jerahmeel. 
^^  The  sons  also  of  Mushi ;  Mahli,  and  Eder,  and  Jerimoth. — These 
were  the  sons  of  the  Levites  after  the  house  of  their  fathers.  ^^  These 
likewise  cast  lots  over  against  their  brethren  the  sons  of  Aaron  in  the 
I.  ^^ 


513 


PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  TEMPLE  SERVICE.      [Period  IV. 


y  1  Ch.  6.  33, 


*  Otherwise 
called  Jeshare- 
l4ih,\et.  14. 

t  Heb.  by  the 
hands  of  the 
king :  so  ver.  6. 

X  Or,  Izri,  ver. 
11. 

*  With  Shimei 
mentioned,  ver. 
17. 

t  Or,  Azared,  ver. 

18. 
X  Or,  Shubael, 

ver.  20. 

*  Or,  maUers. 


t  Heb.  by  the 
hands  of  the  king. 


X  Or,  SheleTniah, 

ver.  14. 
*  Or,  Ebiasaph, 

1  Ch.  6.  37.  &.9. 

19. 


presence  of  David  the  king,  and  Zadok,  and  Ahimelech,  and  the  chief 
of  the  fathers  of  the  priests  and  Levites,  even  the  principal  fathers 
over  against  their  younger  brethren, 

^  Moreover  David  and  the  captains  of  the  host  separa-  l  Chron.  xxv. 
ted  to  the  service  of  the  sons  of  ^Asaph,  and  of  Heman, 
and  of  Jeduthun,  who  should  prophesy  with  harps,  with  psalteries, 
and  with  cymbals.  And  the  number  of  the  workmen  according  to 
their  service  was:  ^  of  the  sons  of  Asaph  ;  Zaccur.  and  Joseph,  and 
Nethaniah,  and  *  Asarelah,  the  sons  of  Asaph  under  the  hands  of  Asaph, 
which  prophesied  taccording  to  the  order  of  the  king.  ^  Of  Jeduthun  : 
the  sons  of  Jeduthun  ;  Gedaliah,  and  IZcri,  and  Jeshaiah,  Hashabiah, 
and  Mattithiah,  *si.x,  under  the  hands  of  their  father  Jeduthun,  who 
prophesied  with  a  harp,  to  give  thanks  and  to  praise  the  Lord.  "*  Of 
Heman:  the  sons  of  Heman  ;  Bukkiah,  Mattaniah,  tUzzicl,  tShebuel, 
and  Jerimoth,  Hananiah,  Hanani,  Eliathah,  Giddalti,  and  Romamti- 
ezer,  Joshbekashah,  Mallothi,  Hothir,  and  Mahazioth.  ''  All  these  were 
the  sons  of  Heman  the  king's  seer  in  the  'words  of  God,  to  lift  up  the 
horn.  And  God  gave  to  Heman  fourteen  sons  and  three  daughters. 
^  All  these  were  under  the  hands  of  their  father  for  song  in  the  house 
of  the  Lord,  with  cymbals,  psalteries,  and  harps,  for  the  service  of 
the  house  of  God,  faccording  to  the  king's  order  to  Asaph,  Jeduthun, 
and  Heman.  '''  So  the  number  of  them,  with  their  brethren,  that  were 
instructed  in  the  songs  of  the  Lord,  even  all  tiiat  were  cunning,  was 
two  hundred  fourscore  and  eight. 

^  And  they  cast  lots,  ward  against  ward,  as  well  the  .small  as  the 
great,  the  teacher  as  the  scholar.  ^  Now  the  first  lot  came  forth  for 
Asaph  to  Joseph.  The  second  to  Gedaliah,  who  with  his  brethren 
and  sons  were  twelve.  ^^  The  third  to  Zaccur,  he,  his  sons,  and  his 
brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^  The  fourth  to  Izri,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  breth- 
ren, were  twelve.  ^^The  fifth  to  Nethaniah,  he,  his  sons,  and  his 
brethren,  were  twelve.  ^-^The  sixth  to  Bukkiah,  he,  his  sons,  and  his 
brethren,  were  twelve.  ^''The  seventh  to  Jesharelah,  he,  his  sons,  and 
his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^°  The  eighth  to  Jeshaiah.  he,  his  sons,  and 
his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^The  ninth  to  jNIattaniah,  he,  his  sons,  and 
his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^The  tenth  to  Shimei,  he,  his  sons,  and  his 
brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^  The  eleventh  to  Azareel,  he,  his  sons,  and 
his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^The  twelfth  to  Hashabiah,  he,  his  sons, 
and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^'^The  thirteenth  to  Shubael,  he,  his 
sons,  and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  -^  The  fourteenth  to  Mattithiah, 
he.  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^The  fifteenth  to  Jere- 
moth,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^-^The  sixteenth  to 
Hananiah,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  -^The  seven- 
teenth to  Joshbekashah.  he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were  twelve. 
2^ The  eighteenth  to  Hanani,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were 
twelve.  -^  The  nineteenth  to  Mallothi,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren, 
were  twelve.  -"  The  twentieth  to  Eliathah,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  breth- 
ren, were  twelve.  ^^  The  one  and  twentieth  to  Hothir,  he,  his  sons, 
and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^The  two  and  twentieth  to  Giddalti, 
he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^"  The  three  and  twentieth 
to  Mahazioth,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were  twelve.  ^^  The  four 
and  twentieth  to  Romamti-ezer,  he,  his  sons,  and  his  brethren,  were 
twelve. 

^  Concerning  the  divisions  of  the  porters.     Of  the  Kor-  i  Chron.  .x.^vi. 
hites  was  tMeshelemiah  the  son  of  Kore,  of  the   sons  of 
*Asap]i.  2  And  the  sons  of  Meshelemiah  were.  Zechariah  the  firstborn, 
Jediel  the  second.  Zebadiah  the  third,  Jathniel  the  fourth,  ^Elam  the 
fifth,  Jehohanan  the  sixth,  Elioenai  the  seventh.  "*  Moreover  the  sons 


PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  TEMPLE  SERVICE. 


19 


t  That  is,  Obed- 
edoin,  as  1  Ch. 
13.  14. 


f  Heb.  gatherings. 


z  Mai.  3.  10. 

*  Heb.  holy 

things. 
t  Or,  Libni,  1  Ch. 

6.  17. 
J  Or,  Jehiel,  1  Ch. 

23.  S.  &  29.  8. 


•  Heb.  the  battles 
and  spoils. 


f  Heb.  over  the 
charge. 


X  Heb.  thing. 
2Ch.  19.  11. 


of  Obed-edom  were,  Shemaiah  the  firstborn,  Jehozabad  the  second, 
Joah  the  third,  and  Sacar  the  fourth,  and  Nethaiieel  the  fifth, '^Amniiel 
the  sixth,  Issachar  the  seventh,  PeuUhai  the  eighth  :  for  God  blessed  thini. 
^  Also  unto  Shemaiah  his  son  were  sons  born,  that  ruled  tiiroughout 
the  house  of  their  father  :  for  they  were  mighty  men  of  valor.  '^  The 
sons  of  Shemaiah  ;  Othni,  and  Rephael,  and  Obed,  Elzabad,  whose 
brethren  were  strong  men,  Elihu,  and  Semachiah.  ^All  these  of  the 
sons  of  Obed-edom  ;  they  and  their  sons  and  their  brethren,  able  men 
for  strength  for  the  service,  were  threescore  and  two  of  Obed-edom. 
9  And  Meshelemiah  had  sons  and  brethren,  strong  men,  eighteen. 
^°  Also  Hosah,  of  the  children  of  Merari,  had  sons  :  Simri  the  chief, 
(for  though  he  was  not  the  firstborn,  yet  his  father  made  him  the  chief;) 
^^  Hilkiah  the  second,  Tebaliah  the  third,  Zechariah  the  fourth :  all  the 
sons  and  brethren  of  Hosah  were  thirteen. 

1^  Among  these  were  the  divisions  of  the  porters,  even  among  the 
chief  men,  having  wards  one  against  another,  to  minister  in  the  house 
of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  they  cast  lots,  tas  well  the  small  as  the  great, 
according  to  the  house  of  their  fathers,  for  every  gate.  ^^  And  the  lot 
eastward  fell  to  *Shelemiah.  Then  for  Zechariah  his  son,  a  wise 
counsellor,  they  cast  lots  ;  and  his  lot  came  out  northward.  ^^  To  Obed- 
edom  southward  ;  and  to  his  sons  the  house  of  tAsuppim.  ^"^To  Shup- 
pim  and  Hosah  the  lot  came  forth  westward,  with  the  gate  Shallecheth, 
by  the  causeway  of  the  going  tup,  ward  against  ward.  ^"^  Eastward 
were  six  Levites,  northward  four  a  day,  southward  four  a  day,  and 
toward  Asuppim  two  and  two.  ^^  At  Parbar  westward,  four  at  the 
causeway,  and  two  at  Parbar.  ^'-^  These  are  the  divisions  of  the  porters 
among  the  sons  of  Kore,  and  among  the  sons  of  Merari. 

-"  And  of  the  Levites,  Ahijah  was  ""over  the  treasures  of  the  house 
of  God,  and  over  the  treasures  of  the  *dedicated  things.  ^^  As  concern- 
ing the  sons  of  tLaadan  ;  the  sons  of  the  Gershonite  Laadan,  chief 
fathers,  even  of  Laadan  the  Gershonite,  were  tJehieU.  ^~  The  sons  of 
Jehieli ;  Zetham,  and  Joel  his  brother,  which  were  over  the  treasures 
of  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ~^  Of  the  Amramites,  and  the  Izharites,  the 
Hebronites,  and  the  Uzzielites :  ^'^  and  Shebuel  the  son  of  Gershom, 
the  son  of  Moses,  was  ruler  of  the  treasures.  -^  And  his  brethren  by 
Eliezer ;  Rehabiah  his  son,  and  Jeshahiah  his  son,  and  Joram  his  son, 
and  Zichri  his  son,  and  Shelomith  his  son  ;  ^^  which  Shelomith  and 
his  brethren  were  over  all  the  treasures  of  the  dedicated  things,  which 
David  the  king,  and  the  chief  fathers,  the  captains  over  thousands  and 
hundreds,  and  the  captains  of  the  host,  had  dedicated.  ^^  *Out  of  the 
spoils  won  in  battles  did  they  dedicate  to  maintain  the  house  of  the 
Lord.  ~^  And  all  that  Samuel  the  seer,  and  Saul  the  son  of  Kish,  and 
Abner  the  son  of  Ner,  and  Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah,  had  dedicated  ; 
and  whosoever  had  dedicated  any  thing,  it  was  under  the  hand  of 
Shelomith,  and  of  his  brethren. 

^^  Of  the  Izharites,  Chenaniah  and  his  sons  were  for  the  outward 
business  over  Israel,  for  officers  and  judges.  ^°  And  of  the  Hebronites, 
Hashabiah  and  his  brethren,  men  of  valor,  a  thousand  and  seven  hun- 
dred, were  tofficers  among  them  of  Israel  on  this  side  Jordan  west- 
ward in  all  the  business  of  the  Lord,  and  in  the  service  of  the  king. 
^^Among  the  Hebronites  was  Jerijah  the  chief,  even  among  the  Hebron- 
ites, according  to  the  generations  of  his  fathers.  In  the  fortieth  year 
of  the  reign  of  David  they  were  sought  for,  and  there  were  found  among 
them  mighty  men  of  valor  "at  Jazer  of  Gilead.  ^-  And  his  brethren,  men 
of  valor,  were  two  thousand  and  seven  hundred  chief  fathers,  whom  king 
David  made  rulers  over  the  lleubenites,  the  Gadites,  and  the  half  tribe 
of  Manasseh,  for  every  matter  pertaining  to  God,  and  taftairs  of  the  king. 


520  PREPARATIONS  FOR  THE  TEMPLE  SERVICE.         [Period  IV. 

^  Now  the  cliildren  of  Israel  after  tlieir  number,  to  wit,  ^j5>'r9°-^'  ^'""^'j' 
the  chief  fathers  and  captains  of  thousands  and  hundreds,  ""'  '^'  °  "'  ' 
and  their  officers  that  served  the  king  in  any  matter  of  the  courses, 
wliich  came  in  and  went  out  month  by  month  tluoughout  all  the  months 
of  the  year,  of  every  course  were  twenty  and  four  thousand. 

~  Over  the  first  course  for  the  first  month  was  Jashobeam  the  son  of 
Zabdiel :  and  in  his  course  were  twenty  and  four  thousand.  ^  Of  the 
children  of  Perez  was  the  chief  of  all  the  captains  of  the  host  for  the 

*  Or,  Dodo, 'usa.  f^fg^  niouth.  ''And  over  the  course  of  the  second  month  was  *Dodai 
an  Ahohite,  and  of  his  course  was  Mikloth  also  the  ruler  :  in  his  course 
likewise  were  twenty  and  four  thousand.   ^The  third  captain  of  the  host 

^"r' ^'^Kt^4!'5!^"  ^^•'  ^'^^  ^''^'■^  month  was  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jchoiada,  a  tchief  priest: 
and  in  his  course  were  twenty  and  four  thousand.  ^  This  is  that  Bena- 
iah, who  was  mighty  among  the  thirty,  and  above  the  thirty  :  and  in 
his  course  was  Ammizabad  his  son.  '^  The  fourth  captain  for  the  fourth 
month  was  Asahel  the  brother  of  Joab,  and  Zcbadiah  his  son  after  him  : 
and  in  his  course  were  twenty  and  four  thousand.  *^  The  fifth  captain 
for  the  fifth  month  was  Shamhuth  the  Izrahite  :  and  in  his  course  were 
twenty  and  four  thousand.  ^The  sixth  captain  for  the  sixth  month 
was  Ira  the  son  of  Ikkesh  the  Tekoite  :  and  in  his  course  were  twenty 
and  four  thousand.  i°The  seventh  captain  for  the  seventh  month  was 
Helez  the  Pelonite,  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  :  and  in  his  course 
were  twenty  and  four  thousand.  '^  The  eighth  captain  for  the  eighth 
month  was  Sibbccai  the  Hushathite,  of  the  Zarhites  :  and  in  his  course 
were  twenty  and  four  thousand.  ^^  The  ninth  captain  for  the  ninth 
month  was  Abiezer  the  Anetothite,  of  the  Benjamites  :  and  in  his  course 
were  twenty  and  four  thousand.  ^^  The  tenth  captain  for  the  tenth 
month  was  Maharai  the  Netophathite,  of  the  Zarhites  :  and  in  his  course 
were  twenty  and  four  thousand.  '^^  The  eleventh  captain  for  the  elev- 
enth month  was  Benaiah  the  Pirathonite,  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  : 
and  in  his  course  were  twenty  and  four  thousand.   '^  The  twelfth  cap- 

^li'-io.'^"^'^'^^'  t^i"  ^o''  the  twelfth  month  was  IHeldai  the  Netophathite,  of  Othniel  : 
and  in  his  course  were  twenty  and  four  thousand. 

'^  Furthermore  over  the  tribes  of  Israel : — the  ruler  of  the  Reuben- 
ites  was  Eliezer  the  son  of  Zichri :  of  the  Simeonites,  Shephatiah  the 
son  of  Maachah.  i''' Of  the  Levites,  Hashabiah  the  son  of  Kemuel ;  of 

''Eiiab.  ^^'  '^'  the  Aaronites,  Zadok.  ^^  Of  Judah,  ''Elihu,  one  of  the  brethren  of  Da- 
vid :  of  Issachar,  Omri  the  son  of  Michael.  '-'Of  Zebulun,  Ishmaiah 
the  son  of  Obadiah  :  of  Naphtali,  Jerimoth  the  son  of  Azriel.  ^°  Of  the 
children  of  Ephraim,  Hoshea  the  son  of  Azaziah:  of  the  half  tribe  of 
Manasseh,  Joel  the  son  of  Pedaiah.  -'  Of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh  in 
Gilcad,  Iddo  the  son  of  Zechariah :  of  Benjamin,  Jaasiel  the  son  of 
Abner.  -~  Of  Dan,  Azareel  the  son  of  Jeroham.  These  were  the  princes 
of  the  tribes  of  Israel. 

^^  And  over  the  king's  treasures  was  Azmaveth  the  son  of  Adiel : 
and  over  the  storehouses  in  the  fields,  in  the  cities,  and  in  the  villages, 
and  in  the  castles,  was  Jehonathan  the  son  of  Uzziah.  -"And  over 
them  that  did  the  work  of  the  field  for  tillage  of  the  ground  was  Ezri 
the  son   of  Chelub.  2'  And   over   the  vineyards  was   Shimei  the  Ra- 

*wlfchZ7oftL  mathite  :  *ovcr  the  increase  of  the  vineyards  for  the  wine  cellars  was 
vineyards.  Zabdi  the  Shiplimitc.  -^  And  over  the  olive  trees  and  the  sycamore  trees 

that  w(!rc  in  the  low  plains  was  Baal-hanan  tlie  Gederite  :  and  over 
the  C(;llars  of  oil  was  .Toash.  ~^  And  over  the  herds  that  fed  in  Sharon 
was  Shitrai  the  Sharonite  :  and  over  the  herds  that  were  in  the  valleys 
was  Shaphat  the  son  of  Adlai.  ^"Over  the  camels  also  was  Obil  the 
Ishmaclite  :  and  over  the  asses  was  Jehdeiah  the  Meronothite.  ^^  And 
over  t!»e  flocks  was  Jaziz  the  Hagerite.  All  these  were  the  rulers  of  the 
substance  which  was  king  David's. 


Part  VII.]  DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNKNOWN.  521 

^-  Also  Jonathan,  David's  uncle,  was  a  counsellor,  a  wise  man,  and  a 

jor'^IIIwic.  Ascribe:  and  Jehiel  the  tson  of  Hachmoni  was  with   the  king's  sons. 

c2  s'a.  15. 12.       "^"^  And  ^Ahithophel  was  the  king's  counsellor  :  and  ''Hushai  the  Archite 

<^2  sa- 15-  37.  &   was  the  king's  companion.  ^^  And  after  Ahithophel  was  Jehoiada  the  son 

e  1  ivi.  1. 7.         of  Benaiah,  and  '  Abiathar  :  and  the  general  of  the  king's  army  was  -^Joab. 

/I  Oh.  11. 6.  11  Then  David  gave  to  Solomon  his  son  ^the  pattern  of  i  Chron.  xxviii. 

g- See  Ex.  25. 40.  t]^e  porch,  and  of  the  houses  thereof,  and  of  the  treasu-    n,  to  the  end. 
ries  thereof,  and  of  the  upper  chambers  thereof,  and  of  the  inner  par- 

*wlf'wUkl!L^'^'^  lors  thereof,  and  of  the  place  of  the  mercy  seat,  ^^  and  the  pattern  *of 
all  that  he  had  by  the  Spirit,  of  the  courts  of  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
and  of  all  the  chambers  round  about,  of  the  treasuries  of  the  house  of 
God,  and  of  the  treasuries  of  the  dedicated  things.  ^^  Also  for  the 
courses  of  the  priests  and  the  Levites,  and  for  all  the  work  of  the  service 
of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  for  all  the  vessels  of  service  in  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  i'^  He  gave  of  gold  by  weight  for  things  of  gold, 
for  all  instruments  of  all  manner  of  service  ;  silver  also  for  all  instru- 
ments of  silver  by  weight,  for  all  instruments  of  every  kind  of 
service.  ^^Even  the  weight  for  the  candlesticks  of  gold,  and  for 
their  lamps  of  gold,  by  weight  for  every  candlestick,  and  for  the 
lamps  thereof:  and  for  the  candlesticks  of  silver  by  weight,  both  for 
the  candlestick,  and  also  for  the  lamps  thereof,  according  to  the  use 
of  every  candlestick.  ^^  And  by  weight  he  gave  gold  for  the  tables  of 
showbread,  for  every  table  ;  and  likewise  silver  for  the  tables  of  silver. 
1^  Also  pure  gold  for  the  flesh-hooks,  and  the  bowls,  and  the  cups  : 
and  for  the  golden  basons  he  gave  gold  by  weight  for  every  bason  ;  and 
likewise  silver  by  weight  for  every  bason  of  silver.  ^^  And  for  the  altar 
of  incense  refined  gold  by  weight ;  and  gold  for  the  pattern  of  the 

A  Ex.  25. 18-22.  chariot  of  the  ''cherubim,  that  spread  out  their  wings,  and  covered  the 
ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord.  ^^  "  All  this,"  said  David,  "  the  Lord 
made  me  understand  in  writing  by  his  hand  upon  me,  even  all  the  works 

i^e^3i.7,8.3os.  ^f  ^j^jg  pattern."  ~°  And  David  said  to  Solomon  his  son,  "  Be  'strongand 
of  good  courage,  and  do  it :  fear  not,  nor  be  dismayed ;  for  the  Lord 

jjos.  1. 5.  God,  even  my  God,  will  be  with  thee  ;  ^he  will  not  fail  thee,  nor  for- 

sake thee,  until  thou  hast  finished  all  the  work  for  the  service  of  the 
house  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And,  behold,  the  courses  of  the  priests  and  the 
Levites,  eveii  they  shall  be  with  thee  for  all  the  service  of  the  house  of 
God  ;  and  there  shall  be  with  thee  for  all  manner  of  workmanship 

*&  36^i' 2^' ^^'  *6very  willing  skilful  man,  for  any  manner  of  service  ;  also  the  princes 
and  all  the  people  will  be  wholly  at  thy  commandment." 

SECT,  xxrri.   Section  XXIIL — Psalms  composed  hy  David,  of  which  the  Dates  and  Oc- 

casions  are  unknoion. 

PSALM  XL.  PSALM  XL. 

The  benefit  of  confidence  in  God.      6  Obedience  is  the  best  sacrifice.     II  The  sense  of  David's  evils 

infiametii  his  prayer. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

* ueh.  inwa:ting  ^  *I  Waited  patiently  for  the  Lord  ; 

^waie  .  9.„  .        ^^^^  j^^  inclined  unto  me,  and  heard  my  cry. 
^ueb.apitof       2  jjg  brought  mc  up  also  out  of  fa  horrible  pit, 
Out  of  the  miry  clay, 
And  set  my  feet  upon  a  rock. 
And  established  my  goings  ; 
^  And  he  hath  put  a  new  song  in  my  mouth, 
Even  praise  unto  our  God. 
a  Ps.  52. 6.  Many  "shall  see  it,  and  fear. 

And  shall  trust  in  the  Lord. 
''v.'i.'^'  ^'  ^^'       '*  Blessed  'is  that  man  that  maketh  the  Lord  his  trust. 

And  respecteth  not  the  proud,  nor  such  as  turn  aside  to  lies. 
vol.  I.  66  2r* 


5^22 


DAVID'S  PS.\LMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNKNOWN.  [Period  IV. 


e  Ex   11.  15.  Job 

5.  9.  &  9. 10.  Ps. 
71.15. 

a  Is.  55.  8. 

X  Or,  JVone  can 

order  them  unto 

thee. 

e  1  Sa.  15. 22.  Ps. 
50.  8.  Is.  1.11. 

6.  6fi.  3.   Hos.  6. 

6.  Mat.  9.  13. 

&  12.  7.  He.  10. 

5. 
*  Heb.  digged. 

Ex.  21.0. 
/Lu.  24.  44. 
ff^  John  4.34.  Ro. 

7.  22. 

t  Heb.  in  the 
Toidst  of  my 
bowels.  Je.  31. 
33.  2  Co.  3.  3. 

h  Ac.  20.  20,  27. 


X  Beh.  foTsaketh. 


j  1  Pe.  5.  7. 


PSALM  XLI. 


aVr.  14.21. 

*  Or,  the  weak,  or, 

sick. 
t  Heb.  in  the  day 

of  cbH. 

1  Or,  do  not  thou 
deliver.  Ps.  27. 
12. 


c  Pr.  26.  24-20. 


^  Many,  '^O  Lokd  my  God,  are  thy  wonderful  works  which  thou 

And  ''thy  thoughts  which  are  to  us-ward  :  [hast  done, 

tThey  cannot  be  reckoned  up  in  order  unto  thee : 

If  I  would  declare  and  speak  of  them, 

They  are  more  than  can  be  numbered. 
^  Sacrifice  ^and  offering  thou  didst  not  desire  ; 

Mine  ears  hast  thou  *opened  : 

Burnt  offering  and  sin  offering  hast  thou  not  required. 
'  Then  said  I,  ''  Lo  !  I  come  : 

In  the  volume  of  the  book  it  is  -^written  of  me. 
^  I  ^delight  to  do  thy  will,  O  my  God  ! 

Yea,  thy  law  is  twithin  my  heart. 
^  I  have  preached  righteousness  in  the  great  congregation  : 

Lo !  I  have  not  refrained  my  lips,  O  Lord  !  thou  knowest. 
^°  I  ''have  not  hid  thy  righteousness  within  my  heart ; 

I  have  declared  thy  faithfulness  and  thy  salvation  ; 

I  have  not  concealed  thy  loving-kindness  and  thy  truth 

From  the  great  congregation." 

^^  Withhold  not  thou  thy  tender  mercies  from  me,  O  Lord  ! 

Let  thy  loving-kindness  and  thy  truth  continually  preserve  me. 
^^  For  innumerable  evils  have  compassed  me  about  : 

Mine  'iniquities  have  taken  hold  upon  me, 

So  that  I  am  not  able  to  look  up  ; 

They  are  more  than  the  hairs  of  my  head  : 

Therefore  my  heart  tfaileth  me. 
^^  Be  pleased,  O  Lord,  to  deliver  me  ! 

O  Lord,  make  haste  to  help  me  ! 
^^  Let  them  be  ashamed  and  confounded  together 

That  seek  after  my  soul  to  destroy  it ; 

Let  them  be  driven  backward  and  put  to  shame  that  wish  me  evil. 
^^  Let  them  be  desolate  for  a  reward  of  their  shame 

That  say  unto  me.  Aha  !  aha  ! 
^6  Let  all  those  that  seek  thee  rejoice  and  be  glad  in  thee  : 

Let  such  as  love  thy  salvation 

Say  continually.  The  Lord  be  magnified  ! 
^^  But  I  am  poor  and  needy  ; 

Yet  ■'the  Lord  thinketh  upon  me : 

Thou  art  my  help  and  my  deliverer  ; 

Make  no  tarrying,  O  my  God  ! 

PSALM  XLI. 

God's  care  of  the  poor.     4  David  complaimth  of  his  enemies'  treachenj.     10  Hefleeth  to  God  for 

succour. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Blessed  "is  he  that  considercth  *thc  poor  : 
The  Lord  will  deliver  him  tin  time  of  trouble. 

2  The  Lord  will  preserve  him,  and  keep  him  alive ; 
And  he  shall  be  blessed  upon  the  earth  : 

And  tthou  wilt  not  deliver  him  unto  the  will  of  his  enemies. 

3  The  Lord  will  strengthen  him  upon  the  bed  of  languishing  : 
Thou  wilt  *make  all  his  bed  in  his  sickness. 

*  I  said,  "  Lord,  be  merciful  unto  me  : 

Heal  ''my  soul  ;  for  I  have  sinned  against  thee." 
^  Mine  enemies  speak  evil  of  me, 

"  When  shall  he  die,  and  his  name  perish  ?  " 
6  And  if  he  come  to  see  me,  he  'speaketh  vanity : 

His  heart  gathereth  iniquity  to  itself ; 

When  he  goeth  abroad,  he  telleth  it. 


Part  VII.] 


f  Heb.  evil  to  me, 

J  Hcb.  A  Uiinff 
of  Belial. 

*  Heb.  the  man 
ofTiy  peace. 
2  Sa.  15.  12.  Job 

19.  19.  Ps.  55. 

12,  13,  20.Jc. 

20.  10. 

d  Obad.  7.  John 

13.  18. 

t  Heb.  magnified. 


*  Or,  make  my 
refuge. 

fHeb.  Tlwusludt 
add  days  to  tlie 
days  of  the  king. 

X  Heb.  generation 
and  generation. 

b  Vs.  40.  11.  Pr. 


PSALM   LXV. 


*  Heb.  15  silent, 
Ps.  62.  1. 


a  Is.  66.  23. 

t  Heb.  Words,  or, 

Matters  of  ini- 

guities. 
b  Ps.  51.  2.  Is.  6. 

7.  Heb.  9.  14. 

1  John  1.  7,  9. 


d  Ps.  76.  10.  Is. 
17.  12, 13. 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNKNOWN.  523 

^  All  that  hate  me  whisper  together  against  me  : 

Against  me  do  they  devise  +my  hurt. 
8  "  t An  evil  disease,"  say  they,  "  cleaveth  fast  unto  him ; 

And  now  that  he  lieth  he  shall  rise  up  no  more." 
^  Yea,  *mine  own  familiar  friend, 

(In  whom  I  trusted,  "which  did  eat  of  my  bread,) 

Hath  tlifted  up  his  heel  against  me. 

10  But,  thou,  O  LoRB  !  be  merciful  unto  me, 

And  raise  me  up,  that  I  may  requite  them. 

11  By  this  I  know  that  thou  favorest  me, 
Because  mine  enemy  doth  not  triumph  over  me. 

12  And  as  for  me,  thou  upholdest  me  in  mine  integrity, 
And  'settest  me  before  thy  face  for  ever. 

13  Blessed  be  the  Lord  God  of  Israel 

From  everlasting,  and  to  everlasting  !  Amen,  and  Amen. 

PSALM  LXI. 

David  Jleeth  to  God  upon  Ids  former  experience.    4  He  vowetli  perpetual  service  unto  him,  because  of 

his  promises. 

To  tlie  cliicf  Musician  upon  Neginah,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Hear  my  cry,  O  God  ! 
Attend  unto  my  prayer. 

2  From  the  end  of  the  earth  will  I  cry  unto  thee, 
When  my  heart  is  overwhelmed  : 

Lead  me  to  the  rock  that  is  higher  than  I. 

3  For  thou  hast  been  a  shelter  for  me, 
And  "a  strong  tower  from  the  enemy. 

^  I  will  abide  in  thy  tabernacle  for  ever  : 

I  will  *  trust  in  the  covert  of  thy  wings.     Selah  ! 
^  For  thou,  O  God  !  hast  heard  my  vows  : 

Thou  hast  given  me  the  heritage  of  those  that  fear  thy  name. 
^  tThou  wilt  prolong  the  king's  life  ; 

And  his  years  as  tmany  generations. 
'  He  shall  abide  before  God  for  ever : 

O  prepare  mercy  ''and  truth,  which  may  preserve  him. 
8  So  will  I  sing  praise  unto  thy  name  for  ever, 

That  I  may  daily  perform  my  vows. 

PSALM  LXV. 

David  praiseth  God  for  his  grace.    4  The  blessedness  of  God's  chosen  by  reason  ofhmefiU. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  and  Song  of  David. 

1  Praise  *waiteth  for  thee,  O  God  !  in  Zion  ; 

And  unto  thee  shall  the  vow  be  performed. 
-  O  thou  that  hearest  prayer. 

Unto  "thee  shall  all  flesh  come. 
^  tiniquities  prevail  against  me  : 

As  for  our  transgressions,  thou  shalt  ''purge  them  away. 
^  Blessed  is  the  man  whom  thou  choosest, 

And  causest  to  approach  unto  thee,  that  he  may  dwell  in  thy  courts  : 

We  shall  be  satisfied  with  the  goodness  of  thy  house, 

Even  of  thy  holy  temple. 

^  By  terrible  things  in  righteousness 

Wilt  thou  answer  us,  O  God  of  our  salvation ! 

Who  art  the  confidence  of  all  the  ends  of  the  earth, 

And  of  them  that  are  afar  off  upon  the  sea  : 
^  Which  by  his  strength  setteth  fast  the  mountains  ; 

Being  girded  with  power : 
■^  Which  'stilleth  the  noise  of  the  seas, 

The  noise  of  their  waves,  and  ''the  tumult  of  the  people. 


524 


X  Or,  sinff. 
eDe.  11.  12. 

*  Or,  after  thou 
hadst  made  it  to 
desire  rain. 
See  Job  5.  10. 
Pfl.  68.  9,  10. 

t  Or,  causest  rain 

to  descend  into 

the  furrows 

tliereof. 
i  Ueb.  dissolveat 

it. 

*  Heb.  ofOiy 
goodness. 


t  Heb.  ar 
wilhjoy. 


/Is.  55.  12. 


girded 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNKNOWN.  [Period  IV. 

^  They  also  that  dwell  in  the  uttermost  parts  are  afraid  at  thy  tokens  : 

Thou  makest  the  outgoings  of  the  morning  and  evening  to  Irejoice. 
^  Thou  Visitest  the  earth,  and  *waterest  it ;  [water  ; 

Thou  greatly  enrichest  it  with  tiie  river  of  God,  which  is  full  of 

Thou  preparest  them  corn,  when  thou  hast  so  provided  for  it. 
'•^  Thou  waterest  the  ridges  thereof  abundantly  ; 

Thou  tsettlest  the  furrows  thereof; 

Thou  tmakest  it  soft  with  showers  ; 

Thou  blessest  the  springing  thereof. 
^^  Thou  crownest  the  year  *with  thy  goodness ; 

And  thy  paths  drop  fatness. 
^^  They  drop  upon  the  pastures  of  the  wilderness  ; 

And  the  little  hills  trejoice  on  every  side. 
^^  The  pastures  are  clothed  with  flocks  ; 

The  Aalleys  also  are  covered  over  with  corn  ; 

They  shout  for  joy,  they  also  sing. 


PSALM    LXIX. 


t  Heb.  the  mire  of 

depth. 
X  Heb.  depth  of 

waters. 

b  Ps.  119.  82, 123. 
Is.  38.  14. 
c  John  15.  25. 


Heb.  guiltiness. 


David  complaineth  of  his  affliction, 
destruction. 


d  See  Job  19.  13. 

Is.  53. 3.  John  1. 

11.  &7.  5. 
cPs.  119. 139.  Jo. 

2.  17. 
/See  Ps.  89.  50, 

51.  Rom.  15.  3. 


h  Sec  Job  30.  9. 
t  Heb.  drinkers  of 

strong  drink. 
i  Is.  49.  8.  2  Cor. 

6.2. 


PSALM  LXIX. 

13  He  prayeth  for  deliverance.     22  He  devoteth  his  enemies  to 


j  Nu.  16.  33. 


30  He  praiseth  God  with  thanksgiving. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  *upon  Shoshannim,  A  Psahn  of  David. 

^  Save  me,  O  God  ! 

For  "the  waters  are  come  in  unto  my  soul. 
2  I  sink  in  fdeep  mire,  where  there  is  no  standing: 

I  am  come  into  tdeep  waters,  where  the  floods  overflow  me. 
^  I  am  weary  of  my  crying ;  my  throat  is  dried  ; 

Mine  ''eyes  fail  while  I  wait  for  my  God.  [head : 

■*  They  that  ^hate  me  without  a  cause  are  more  than  the  hairs  of  my 

They  that  would  destroy  me,  being  mine  enemies  wrongfully,  are 

Then  I  restored  that  which  I  took  not  away.  [mighty  : 

^  O  God,  thou  knowest  my  foolishness ; 

And  my  *sins  are  not  hid  from  thee. 
^  Let  not  them  that  wait  on  thee,  O  Lord  God  of  hosts ! 

Be  ashamed  for  my  sake  : 

Let  not  those  that  seek  thee  be  confounded  for  my  sake, 

O  God  of  Israel ! 
"''  Because  for  thy  sake  I  have  borne  reproach  ; 

Shame  hath  covered  my  face. 
^  I  ''am  become  a  stranger  unto  my  brethren. 

And  an  alien  unto  my  mother's  children. 
°  For  'the  zeal  of  thy  house  hath  eaten  me  up ; 

And  ^the  reproaches  of  them  that  reproached  thee  are  fallen  upon 
^°  When  I  wept,  and  chastened  my  soul  with  fasting,  [me. 

That  was  to  my  reproach. 
^^  I  made  sackcloth  also  my  garment ; 

And  ^I  became  a  proverb  to  them. 
^~  They  that  sit  in  the  gate  speak  against  me ; 

And  'I  was  the  song  of  the  tdrunkards. 
'■'  But  as  for  me, 

My  prayer  is  unto  thee,  O  Lord,  'in  an  acceptable  time :     , 

O  God,  in  the  multitude  of  thy  mercy  hear  me. 

In  the  truth  of  thy  salvation. 
^^  Deliver  me  out  of  the  mire,  and  let  me  not  sink  : 

Let  me  be  delivered  from  them  that  hate  me, 

And  out  of  the  deep  waters. 
^^  Let  not  the  water-flood  overflow  me, 

Neither  let  the  deep  swallow  me  up, 

And  ^let  not  the  ])it  shut  her  mouth  upon  me. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS-THE  OCCASIONS  UNKNOWN. 


525 


J  Heb.  make  haste 
to  hear  me. 


k  Ps.  2-3.  6,  7.  Is. 
53.  3.  He.  12.  2. 


I  Vs.  142.  4.  Is. 

63.5. 
*  Heb.  to  lament 

with  me. 
m  Job  16.  2. 
n  Mat.  27,  34,  48. 
0  Rom.  11.  9,  10. 


p  Is.  6.  9,  10.   Jo. 

12.  39,  40.  Rom. 

11.  10.  2  Cor.  3. 

14. 
q  1  Thes.  2.  16. 

t  Heb.  palace. 

Mat.  23. 38.  Acts 

1.20. 
I  Heb.  let  there 

not  be  a  dweller. 
r  See  2  Ch.  28.  9. 

Ze.  1.  15. 
s  Is.  53.  4. 
*  Heb.  thy  wound- 
ed. 
^  Or,  puniihmeiit 

of  iniquity.  Rom. 

1.28. 
t  Is.  2(3.  10.  Rom. 

9.31. 
It  Ex.  32. 33.  Phil. 

4.  3.  Rev.  3.  5. 
V  Ez.  1.  39.  Luke 

10.  20.  He.  12. 

23. 
v>  Ps.  50.  13,  14, 

23. 
t  Or,  meek.  Ps. 

34.2. 
X  Ps.  22.  26. 


y  Eph.  3.  1. 

zPs.  96.  11.  Is. 

44.  23. 
a  Is.  55.  12. 
*  Heb.  creepeth. 
b  Ps.  51.  18.  Is. 

44.26. 
c  Ps.  102.  28. 


*0r,.4  Psalm  for 
Asaph  to  give  in- 
struction. P3.74, 
title. 

a  Is.  51.  4. 

ft  Ps.  49.  4.  Mat. 
13.  35. 


c  De.  4.  9.  Joel 

1.  3. 
d  E.\.  12.  26,  27. 


1^  Hear  me,  O  Lord  ;  for  thy  lovingkindness  is  good  : 

Turn  unto  me  according  to  the  multitude  of  thy  tender  mercies. 
"  And  hide  not  thy  face  from  thy  servant ; 

For  I  am  in  trouble  :  I  hear  me  speedily. 
^^  Draw  nigh  unto  my  soul,  and  redeem  it : 

Deliver  me  because  of  mine  enemies. 
^3  Thou  hast  knov^^n  ''my  reproach, 

And  my  shame,  and  my  dishonor : 

Mine  adversaries  are  all  before  thee. 

20  Reproach  hath  broken  my  heart ;  and  I  am  full  of  heaviness  : 
And  'I  looked  for  some  *to  take  pity — but  there  was  none  ; 
And  for  '"comforters — but  I  found  none. 

21  They  gave  me  also  gall  for  my  meat ; 

And  "in  my  thirst  they  gave  me  vinegar  to  drink. 

22  Let  "their  table  become  a  snare  before  them  ; 

And  that  which  should  have  been  for  their  welfare,  let  it  become  a 
23  Let  ''their  eyes  be  darkened,  that  they  see  not ;  [trap. 

And  make  their  loins  continually  to  shake. 

24  Pour  'out  thine  indignation  upon  them, 

And  let  thy  wrathful  anger  take  hold  of  them. 

25  Let  their  t  habitation  be  desolate  ; 
And  tlet  none  dwell  in  their  tents. 

26  For  ^they  persecute  'him  whom  thou  hast  smitten  ; 

And  they  talk  to  the  grief  of  *those  whom  thou  hast  wounded. 
^''  Add  tiniquity  to  their  iniquity  ; 

And  'let  them  not  come  into  thy  righteousness. 
28  Let  them  "be  blotted  out  of  the  book  of  the  living, 

And  "not  be  written  with  the  righteous. 
29  But  I  am  poor  and  sorrowful : 

Let  thy  salvation,  O  God !  set  me  up  on  high. 
^'^  I  will  praise  the  name  of  God  with  a  song. 

And  will  magnify  him  with  thanksgiving. 
^^  This  "also  shall  please  the  Lord  better  than  an  ox 

Or  bullock  that  hath  horns  and  hoofs. 

32  The  thumble  shall  see  this,  and  be  glad  ; 
And  ""your  heart  shall  live  that  seek  God. 

33  For  the  Lord  heareth  the  poor. 
And  despiseth  not  ^his  prisoners. 

34  Let  "'the  heaven  and  earth  praise  him, 

The  seas,  "and  every  thing  that  *moveth  therein. 

35  For  'God  will  save  Zion,  and  will  build  the  cities  of  Judah  ; 
That  they  may  dwell  there,  and  have  it  in  possession. 

36  The  'seed  also  of  his  servants  shall  inherit  it ; 
And  they  that  love  his  name  shall  dwell  therein. 

PSALM  LXXVIII. 

An  exhortation  both  to  learn  and  to  preach  the  law  of  God.  9  Tlie  story  of  God's  wrath  against  the 
incredulous  and  disobedient.  67  The  Israelites  being  rejected,  God  chose  Judah,  Zion,  and  Vavid. 
*Maschil  of  Asaph. 

1  Give  "ear,  O  my  people,  to  my  law : 
Incline  your  ears  to  the  words  of  my  mouth. 

2  I  ''will  open  my  mouth  in  a  parable 
I  will  utter  dark  sayings  of  old  : 

3  Which  we  have  heard  and  known, 
And  our  fathers  have  told  us. 

■*  We  'will  not  hide  them  from  their  children. 
Showing  ''to  the  generation  to  come  the  praises  of  the  Lord, 
And  his  strength,  and  his  wonderful  works  that  he  hath  done. 


526  DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNKNOWN.  [Period  IV. 

^  For  he  established  a  testimony  in  Jacob, 
And  appointed  a  law  in  Israel, 
Which  he  commanded  our  fathers, 
eDe.4. 9.  That  'they  should  make  them  known  to  their  children  : 

^  That  the  generation  to  come  might  know  them, 
Even  the  children  which  should  be  born  ; 
Who  should  arise  and  declare  them  to  their  children : 
"^  That  they  might  set  their  hope  in  God, 
And  not  forget  the  works  of  God, 
But  keep  his  commandments  : 
/2  Ki.  17. 14.        8  ^jjjj  /might  not  be  as  their  fathers, 
gF,x.:^2.9.  Ps.         A  'stubborn  and  rebellious  generation  ; 
^-  ^-  A  generation  tthat  set  not  their  heart  aright, 

patedlioTo!^t         And  whose  spirit  was  not  steadfast  with  God. 
w.2Ch.2o.  9  rpj^g  children  of  Ephraim,  being  armed,  and  tcarrying  bows, 

I  Heb.  throwing        Tumcd  back  in  the  day  of  battle. 
/a  Ki.  17. 15.      ^°  They  ''kept  not  the  covenant  of  God, 
And  refused  to  walk  in  his  law ; 
^1  And  forgat  his  works. 

And  his  wonders  that  he  had  showed  them. 
i  Ex.  vii.  to  xii.     12  Marvellous  'things  did  he  in  the  sight  of  their  fathers, 
In  the  land  of  Egypt,  •'in  the  field  of  Zoan. 
^^  He  ^divided  the  sea,  and  caused  them  to  pass  through ; 

And  'he  made  the  waters  to  stand  as  a  heap. 
^■^  In  '"the  daytime  also  he  led  them  with  a  cloud. 

And  all  the  night  with  a  light  of  fire. 
^^  He  "clave  the  rocks  in  the  wilderness. 

And  gave  them  drink  as  out  of  the  great  depths. 
oDe.  9.21.  16  jjg  brought  "strcams  also  out  of  the  rock. 

And  caused  waters  to  run  down  like  rivers. 
^^  And  they  sinned  yet  more  against  him 
rgDeg9-22.  Heb.       gy  Pprovoking  the  Most  High  in  the  wilderness. 
g  Ex.  16. 2.         ^^  And  'they  tempted  God  in  their  heart 

By  asking  meat  for  their  lust. 
rXu.  11.4.         19  Yea,  "^they  spake  against  God  ; 

*  Heb. order.  They  Said,  "  Can  God  *furnish  a  table  in  the  wilderness? 

«seever.  15.       20  (Bchold,  'hc  smotc  the  rock,  that  the  waters  gushed  out, 
And  the  streams  overflowed  !) 
Can  he  give  bread  also  ? 
Can  he  provide  flesh  for  his  people  ?  " 
tNu.  11. 1, 10.  21  Therefore  the  Lord  heard  this,  and  'was  wroth  : 

So  a  fire  was  kindled  against  Jacob, 
And  anger  also  came  up  against  Israel ; 
tt^He.3.18.  jude  22  Becausc'they  "believed  not  in  God, 
And  trusted  not  in  his  salvation  : 
23  Though  he  had  commanded  the  clouds  from  above, 
"3^10^'  ^^'  ^^''^'       ^"*^  "opened  the  doors  of  heaven, 
to  Ex.  16. 4, 14.    -^  And  "had  rained  down  manna  upon  them  to  eat, 
ico.y'a.  And  had  given  them  of  the  corn  of  heaven. 

]  Or,  Everyone       25  f^^n  did   Cat  aUgcls'    food  : 

ofoemi^iy,  Hc  scnt  them  meat  to  the  full 


11, 
14. 

,  32.  3.  Nu. 
22.  U.  19. 
13.  Ez.  30. 

kEx 

:.  14 

.  21. 

J  Ex 

.15. 

8. 

m  See  Ex.  13.  21. 

nEx 

20. 
10. 

.  17. 
11. 
4. 

,  6.  Nu. 
ICo. 

^^-  ^"^^  ^°-  26  jje  'caused  an  east  wind  Ito  blow  in  the  heaven  ; 

Nu.  11.  3). 
J  Heb.  to  go. 


And  by  his  power  he  brought  in  the  south  wind. 


2'  He  rained  flesh  also  upon  them  as  dust, 
*J^ing'/'^^''^  And  *fcathered  fowls  like  as  the  sand  of  the  sea: 

28  ^nci  1,(3  ]gt  i^  fj^ii  jj,  ^j^g  midst  of  their  camp. 
Round  about  their  habitations. 


Part  VIL] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNKNOWN. 


527 


2,  Nu.  11. 20.        29  gQ  vthey  did  eat,  and  were  well  filled  ; 
For  he  gave  them  their  own  desire. 

30  They  were  not  estranged  from  their  lust ; 
I  Nu.  11. 33.  But  "'while  their  meat  was  yet  in  their  mouths, 

31  The  wrath  of  God  came  upon  them. 
And  slew  the  fattest  of  them, 
iHeh.  made  to  ^ud  tsinote  dowu  the  Jchosen  men  of  Israel. 

32  por  all  this  "they  sinned  still, 
And  believed  not  for  his  wondrous  works. 
33  Therefore  '' their  days  did  he  consume  in  vanity, 
And  their  years  in  trouble. 

34  When  'he  slew  them,  then  they  sought  him; 
And  they  returned  and  inquired  early  after  God. 

35  And  they  remembered  that  "God  was  their  rock, 
And  the  High  God  'their  redeemer. 

36  Nevertheless  they  did  ^flatter  him  with  their  mouth, 
And  they  lied  unto  him  with  their  tongues. 

3''  For  their  heart  was  not  right  with  him, 
Neither  were  they  steadfast  in  his  covenant. 

38  But  ^he,  being  full  of  compassion,  forgave  their  iniquity. 
And  destroyed  them  not : 
Yea,  many  a  time  'turned  he  his  anger  away, 
And  'did  not  stir  up  all  his  wrath. 
39  For  ^he  remembered  *that  they  were  but  flesh  ; 
A  'wind  that  passeth  away,  and  cometh  not  again. 

"•o  How  oft  did  they  *  provoke  him  in  the  wilderness, 
And  grieve  him  in  the  desert ! 
4^  Yea,  '"they  turned  back  and  tempted  God, 

And  limited  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 
4^  They  remembered  not  his  hand. 

Nor  the  day  when  he  delivered  them  tfrom  the  enemy. 
/neb.  set.  ^3  How  hc  had  Iwrought  his  signs  in  Egypt, 

And  his  wonders  in  the  field  of  Zoan  ; 
n  Ex.  7. 20.         44  ^j^^j  "j^^d  tumcd  their  rivers  into  blood  ; 

And  their  floods,  that  they  could  not  drink  : 

He  "sent  divers  sorts  of  flies  among  them,  which  devoured  them  ; 
And  ^'frogs,  which  destroyed  them  : 
He  'gave  also  their  increase  unto  the  caterpillar, 
And  their  labor  unto  the  locust : 
Ex.  47  jje  *destroyed  their  vines  with  hail, 


X  Or,  ijoitng  men 
a  Nu.  xiv.,  xvi. 

&  xvii. 
b  Nu.  20.  64,  65. 

c  See  Ho.  5.  15. 


d  Be.  32.  4,  15, 

31. 
e  Ex.  15.  13.  Is. 

41.  14. 
/Ez.  33.  31. 


g  Nu.  14,  18,  20. 

A  Is.  48.  9. 
t2Ki.  21.29. 
j  Ps.  103.  14,  16. 
k  John  3.  6. 
I  Job  7.  7,  16.  Ja. 

4.  14. 
*  Or,  rebel  against 

him.  Ps.  95.  9, 

10.  Is.  7.  13. 

Eph.  4.  30.  Heb. 

3.  16, 17. 
TO  Nu.  14.22.  De. 

6.  1(3. 
f  Or,  from  affiic- 


3.24. 


0  See  E: 

p  Ex.  8.  6. 

g  See  Ex.  10.  13, 
15. 

*  Heb.  killed. 
9.  23-2o. 

■f  Or,  great  hail- 
stones. 

t  Heb.  shut  up. 
Ex.  9.  23-25. 

*  Or,  liglUiiingi 


•f  Heb.  He  weighed 
a  path. 

I  Or,  their  beaslt 
to  the  murrain. 
Ex.9.    3,  6. 

r  Ex.  12.  29. 


*  Heb.  covered. 
Ex.  14.  27,  28. 
t  Ex.  15.  17. 


And  their  sycamore  trees  with  tfrost : 
''8  He  tgave  up  their  cattle  also  to  the  hail. 

And  their  flocks  to  *hot  thunderbolts  : 
"^^  He  cast  upon  them  the  fierceness  of  his  anger, 

Wrath,  and  indignation,  and  trouble, 

By  sending  evil  angels  among  them  : 
^^  tHe  made  a  way  to  his  anger  ; 

He  spared  not  their  soul  from  death. 

But  gave  ttheir  life  over  to  the  pestilence  ; 

51  And  'smote  all  the  firstborn  in  Egypt ; 

The  chief  of  their  strength  in  the  tabernacles  of  Ham  : 

52  But  made  his  own  people  to  go  forth  like  sheep, 
And  guided  them  in  tlie  wilderness  like  a  flock. 

53  And  'he  led  them  on  safely,  so  that  they  feared  not ; 
But  the  sea  *overwhelmed  their  enemies. 

54  And  he  brought  them  to  the  border  of  his  'sanctuary. 
Even  to  this  mountain,  which  his  right  hand  had  purchased. 


528  DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN.     [Period  IV. 

'^  He  cast  out  the  heathen  also  before  them, 
ujos.  13. 7.  ^,^jj  "divided  them  an  inheritance  by  hne, 

And  made  the  tribes  of  Israel  to  dwell  in  their  tents. 
V  Ju.  2. 11, 12.  56  Yet  "they  tempted  and  provoked  the  Most  High  God, 

And  kept  not  his  testimonies ; 
wEz.20.27,28.   57  g^t  "tumcd  back,  and  dealt  unfaithfully  like  their  fathers  ; 
X  Ho.  7. 16.  They  were  turned  aside  ^like  a  deceitful  bow. 

y^^e.^sp-^e,  21.    58  For  ^ti^ey  provoked  him  to  anger  with  their  'high  places, 
2 De.  12. 2,4.  And  moved  him  to  jealousy  with  their  graven  images. 

1  Ki.  11. 7.  59  ^j^gj^  QqJ  j^g^j.^  ^jjjg^  j^g  ^^.^g  wroth, 

And  greatly  abhorred  Israel. 
V.  iliiV^'^^'   ^°  So  "that  he  forsook  the  tabernacle  of  Shiloh, 

The  tent  which  he  placed  among  men  ; 
6Ju.  18. 30.         61  ^r,(j  'delivered  his  strength  into  captivity, 

And  his  glory  into  the  enemy's  hand. 
c  1  sa.  4. 10.       62  jjg  "^gavc  his  people  over  also  unto  the  sword  ; 

And  was  wroth  with  his  inheritance. 
^^  The  fire  consumed  their  young  men  ; 
dje.7. 34.  j\nd  ''their  maidens  were  not  tgiven  to  marriage. 

IfstrSl    64  Their  ^priests  fell  by  the  sword ; 
22. 18.  And  -^their  widows  made  no  lamentation. 

/job^7. 15.  Ez.  C5  Then  the  Lord  awaked  as  one  out  of  sleep, 

g  Is.  42. 13.  And  ^like  a  mighty  man  that  shouteth  by  reason  of  wine. 

^iefk?"^'^^'     ^^  ^"^  ''^^  smote  his  enemies  in  the  hinder  part : 

He  put  them  to  a  perpetual  reproach. 

6'^  Moreover  he  refused  the  tabernacle  of  Joseph, 

And  chose  not  the  tribe  of  Ephraim  ; 
6s  But  chose  the  tribe  of  Judah, 

The  Mount  Zion  which  he  loved. 
iiKi.vi.  69  ^,^(j  he  "built  his  sanctuary  like  high  palaces, 

XHeh. founded.         ^-j.^  ^j^g  ^^^,.^1^  whicli  he  hath  Jestabhshed  for  ever. 
•'ssa.'/.V^''"'  ''^  He  ^chose  David  also  his  servant, 

And  took  him  from  the  sheepfolds : 
''^  From  *  following  the  *ewes  great  with  young 

He  brought  him  'to  feed  Jacob  his  people, 

And  Israel  his  inheritance. 
■^2  So  he  fed  them  according  to  the  '"integrity  of  his  heart ; 

And  guided  them  by  the  skilfulness  of  his  hands. 

SECT.  XXIV.    Section  XXIV. — Psalms  composed  by  David  after  his  Accession,  of  which 
—  the  Dates  and  the  Occasions  are  uncertain. 

PS.\L.M  VI. 

PSALM  VI. 

Darid's  complaint  in  his  sickness.     8  Bij  faith   he  triumpheth  over  his  enemies. 
*  Or,  the  cirrhth.  To  the  cliicf  Musician  on  Neg-inoth,  upon  *Shcminith,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

See  1  Ch.  15.21.  ,    ^    <,t  .         i      i  •         i  • 

Ps.  12,  title.  I  O    Lord  !  rebuke  me  not  in  thine  anger. 

Neither  chasten  me  in  thy  hot  displeasure. 
Have  mercy  ujion  me,  O  Lord  !  for  I  am  weak  ; 
i  Ho.  6.1.  O  Lord,  ''heal  me  ;  for  my  bones  are  vexed. 

^  My  soul  is  also  sore  vexed  ; 

But  thou,  O  I<oRD,  how  long  ? 
*  Return,  O  Lord,  deliver  my  soul: 
Oh  save  me  for  thy  mercies'  sake. 
cSec  P8.88. 11.     5  Yoy  'm  death  there  is  no  remembrance  of  thee  : 
In  the  grave  wlio  shall  give  thee  thanks  ? 
6  I  am  weary  with  my  groaning  ; 
\  Or, Every nigiu.       fAll  the  night  make  I  my  bed  to  swim  ; 
I  water  my  couch  with  my  tears. 


*  Ileb.  after. 
k  Ge.  33.  13.  Is. 

40.  11. 
I  2  Sa.  5.  2.  1  Ch, 

11.  2. 
m  1  Ki.  9.  4. 


a  Ps.  38.  1.  Je, 
10.  24. 


DAVID'S  PSALMS- THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN. 


529 


</Job  17.  7.  Ps. 
31.  9.   La.  5.  17. 

c  Ts.  119.  115. 
Mat.  7. 23.  &  25. 
41.  Lu.  13.  27. 


a  See  Mat.  11.25. 
&  21.  16.  1  Co. 
1.27. 


6Ps.  111.2. 
See  Ge.  1.  1, 
14. 


dGe.  1.26,28. 

e  1  Co.  15.  27. 

He.  2.  8. 
X  Heb.  Flocks  and 

oxen  all  of  them. 


''  Mine  ''eye  is  consumed  because  of  grief ; 
It  waxetii  old  because  of  all  mine  enemies. 

^  Depart  'from  me,  all  ye  workers  of  iniquity  ; 
For  the  Lord  hath  heard  the  voice  of  my  weeping. 
^  The  Lord  hath  heard  my  supplication ; 

The  Lord  will  receive  my  prayer. 
'^^  Let  all  mine  enemies  be  ashamed  and  sore  vexed : 
Let  them  return  and  be  ashamed  suddenly. 

PSALM   VIII. 

God's  glory  is  magnified  brj  his  works,  and  by  his  love  to  man. 
To  the  chief  Musician  upon  *Gittith,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  O  Lord  our  Lord, 

How  excellent  is  thy  name  in  all  the  earth  ! 

Who  hast  set  thy  glory  above  the  heavens. 
2  Out  "of  the  mouth  of  babes  and  sucklings 

Hast  thou  tordained  strength  because  of  thine  enemies, 

That  thou  mightest  still  the  enemy  and  the  avenger. 

^  When  I  ''consider  thy  heavens,  the  work  of  thy  fingers, 

The  moon  and  the  stars,  which  thou  hast  ordained ; 
'*  What  'is  man,  that  thou  art  mindful  of  him  ? 

And  the  son  of  man,  that  thou  visitest  him  ? 
^  For  thou  hast  made  him  a  little  lower  than  the  angels, 

And  hast  crowned  him  with  glory  and  honor. 
•^  Thou  ''madest  him  to  have  dominion  over  the  works  of  thy  hands 

Thou  'hast  put  all  things  under  his  feet : 
''  tAU  sheep  and  oxen,  \ 

Yea,  and  the  beasts  of  the  field  ; 
^  The  fowl  of  the  air,  and  the  fish  of  the  sea, 

And  whatsoever  passeth  through  the  paths  of  the  seas. 
^  O  Lord  our  Lord, 

How  excellent  is  thy  name  in  all  the  earth ! 


PSALM    XII. 


*  Or,  the  eighth. 
Pb.6,       ■ 
title. 

t  Or,  Save. 

a  Is.  57.  1.  Mic. 

7.9. 
J  Je.9.  8.  Ro.  16. 

18. 
X  Heb.  a  heart 

and  a  heart. 

1  Oh.  12.  a.'). 

*  Heb.  great 
things.  1  Sa.  2. 
3.  Ps.  17.  10. 
Da.  7.  8,  25. 

■f  Heb.  are  with  us. 

c  Ex.  3.  7,  8.  Is. 
33.  10. 

X  Or,  would  en- 
snare him. 

d  2  Sa.  22.  31. 
Pr.  30.  5. 

*  Heb.  him:  that 
is,  every  one  of 
them. 

f  Heb.  the  vilest 
of  the  sons  of 
men  are  exalted. 


PSALM  XII. 

David,  destitute  of  human  comfort,  craveth  help  of  God.     3  He  comforteth  hiinself  with  God's  judg- 
ments on  the  wicked,  and  confdeiice  in  God's  tried  promises. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  *upon  Sheminith,  A  Psalm   of  David. 

^  tHelp,  Lord  ;  for  "the  godly  man  ceaseth  ; 

For  the  faithful  fail  from  among  the  children  of  men. 
2  They  speak  vanity  every  one  with  his  neighbour : 

With  'flattering  lips  and  with  la  double  heart  do  they  speak. 
2  The  Lord  shall  cut  oft'  all  flattering  lips. 

And  the  tongue  that  speaketh  *proud  things; 
■*  Who  have  said,  "  With  our  tongue  will  we  prevail ; 

Our  lips  ^are  our  own  :  who  is  lord  over  us  ?  " 

^  "  For  the  oppression  of  the  poor,  for  the  sighing  of  the  needy, 

Now  Vill  I  arise,"  saith  the  Lord  ; 

"  I  will  set  him  in  safety  from  him  that  tpuffeth  at  him." 
^  The  words  of  the  Lord  are  ''pure  words  : 

As  silver  tried  in  a  furnace  of  earth,  purified  seven  times. 
■^  Thou  shalt  keep  them,  O  Lord  ! 

Thou  shalt  preserve  *them  from  this  generation  for  ever. 
^  The  wicked  walk  on  every  side. 

When  tthe  vilest  men  are  exalted. 


PSALM  XIX. 


a  See  Ge.  1.  6, 
14. 


PSALM  XIX. 

The  creatures  show  God's  glorij.     7  The  word  his  grace.     12  David  prayethfor  grace. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  The  "heavens  declare  the  glory  of  God  ; 
And  the  firmament  showeth  his  handiwork. 

67  2  s 


530 


DAVID'S  PSALMS-THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN.     [Period  IV. 


*  Or,  Tfithout 
theae  their  voice 
is  heard.  Hob. 
JVithout  their 
7-oice  heard. 


t  Or,  doctrine. 
See  Job  28.  28. 


Or,  restoring. 


t  Heb.  truth. 


cPr.  8.  10,11, 
19. 

X  Heb.  the  drop- 
ping of  honey- 
combs. 

d  Pr.  29.  18. 


/Ge.  20.  G.  ISa. 
25.  32-34,  39. 
g  Ro.  6.  12,  14. 


*  Or,  much. 

t  Heb.  rock.  Ps. 

18.  1. 
ft  Is.  43.  14.  &;44. 

6.  &  47.  4. 

1  Thes.  1.  10. 


PSALM    XXIII. 


a  Is.  40.  11.  Jo. 

23.4.  Ez.34.  11, 

12,23.  John    10. 

11.  1  Pe.  2.25. 

Ke.  7.  17. 
6  Phil.  4.  19. 
c  Ez.  34.  14. 

*  Ileb.  pastures 
of  tender  grass. 

d  R".  7.  17. 

■f  Ileb.  waters  of 

quietness. 
c  Pr.  8.  20. 
/?<)e  Job3.  5. 
g  U.  43.  2. 
I  WKh.makestfat. 

*  Hch.  to  length 
of  days. 

PS.\LM    XXIV. 


u  Sep  Go.  1.  19. 

&.  14.  19. 


^  Day  unto  day  uttereth  speech, 

And  night  unto  night  showeth  knowledge. 
^  There  is  no  speech  nor  language, 

*  Where  their  voice  is  not  heard. 
^  Their  thne  is  gone  out  througii  all  the  earth, 

And  their  words  to  the  end  of  the  world. 

In  them  hath  he  set  a  tabernacle  for  the  sun, 
^  Which  is  as  a  bridegroom  coining  out  of  iiis  chamber, 

And  'rejoiceth  as  a  strong  man  to  run  a  race. 
^  His  going  forth  is  from  the  end  of  the  heaven, 

And  his  circuit  unto  the  ends  of  it ; 

And  there  is  nothing  hid  from  the  heat  thereof. 

'''  The  tlaw  of  the  Lord  is  perfect,  *converting  the  soul  : 

The  testimony  of  the  Lord  is  sure,  making  wise  the  simple. 
^  The  statutes  of  the  Lord  are  right,  rejoicing  the  heart : 

The  commandment  of  the  Lord  is  pure,  enlightening  the  eyes. 
^  The  fear  of  the  Lord  is  clean,  enduring  for  ever: 

The  judgments  of  the  Lord  are  ttrue  and  righteous  altogether, 
^**  More  to  be  desired  are  they  than  gold. 

Yea,  ''than  much  fine  gold  : 

Sweeter  also  than  honey  and  tthe  honeycomb. 
"  Moreover  by  them  is  thy  servant  warned  ; 

And  ''in  keeping  of  them  tliere  is  great  reward. 
^^  Who  can  understand  his  errors  ? 

Cleanse  'Thou  me  from  secret  faults. 
^^  Keep  -^back  thy  servant  also  from  presumptuous  sins  ; 

Let  *them  not  have  dominion  over  me  : 

Then  shall  I  be  upright. 

And  I  shall  be  innocent  from  *the  great  transgression. 
^''  Let  the  words  of  my  mouth,  and  the  meditation  of  my  heart, 

Be  acceptable  in  thy  sight, 

0  Lord,  my  tstrength,  and  my  ''redeemer. 

PSALM  xxm. 

David's  confidence  in  God's  grace. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

'  The  Lord  is  "my  shepherd — I  'shall  not  want. 
2  He  'maketh  me  to  lie  down  in  *green  pastures : 

He  ''leadeth  me  beside  the  tstill  waters. 
^  He  restoreth  my  soul : 

He  'leadeth  me  in  the  patlis  of  righteousness  for  his  name's  sake. 
^  Yea,  though  I  walk  through  the  valley  of  -^the  shadow  of  death, 

1  will  fear  no  evil — for  ^Thou  art  with  me  ; 
Thy  rod  and  thy  staft'they  comfort  me. 

5  Tliou  preparest  a  table  before  me  in  the  presence  of  mine  enemies 
Thou  tanointest  my  head  with  oil — my  cup  runneth  over. 

^  Surely  goodness  and  mercy  shall  follow  me  all  the  days  of  my  life : 
And  I  will  dwell  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  *for  ever. 


God's  lordship  in  the  world. 


PSALM  XXIV. 

3  Tlie  citizens  of  his  spiritual  /cingdo 

him. 

A  Psalm  of  David. 


7  An  exhortation  to  receive 


^  The  "earth  is  the  Lord's,  and  the  fulness  thereof; 
The  world,  and  they  that  dwell  therein. 
2  For  he  hath  founded  it  upon  the  seas, 
And  established  it  uj)on  the  floods. 

^  Who  shall  ascend  into  the  hill  of  the  Lord  ? 
And  wlio  shall  stand  in  his  holy  place  ? 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN. 


531 


*  Heb.  The  clean 
of  hands.  Is.  33. 
15,  16. 

b  Job  17.  9.  1  Ti. 
2.8. 

c  Mat.  5.  8. 


e  Ps.  97.  6.  Hag. 
2.  7.  Mai.  3.  1. 
1  Co.  2.  8. 


4  *He  that  hath  ''clean  hands,  and  'a  pure  heart ; 
Who  hath  not  hfted  up  his  soul  unto  vanity,  nor  sworn  deceitfully 
He  shall  receive  the  blessing  from  the  Lord, 
And  righteousness  from  the  God  of  his  salvation. 

^  This  is  the  generation  of  them  that  seek  Him, 
That  seek  thy  face,  tO  Jacob  !   Selah  ! 

''  Lift  ''up  your  heads,  O  ye  gates ! 
And  be  ye  lift  up,  ye  everlasting  doors ! 
And  'the  King  of  glory  shall  come  in, 

^  Who  is  this  King  of  glory  ? 
The  Lord  strong  and  mighty. 
The  Lord  mighty  in  battle. 

^  Lift  up  your  heads,  O  ye  gates  ! 
Even  lift  them  up,  ye  everlasting  doors  ! 
And  the  King  of  glory  shall  come  in. 

^^  Who  is  this  King  of  glory  ? 
The  Lord  of  hosts,  he  is  the  King  of  glory.  Selah  ! 


a  1  Ki.  6.  22,  23. 

&  8.  28,  29. 
t  Or,  the  oracle  of 
thy  sanctuary. 

6Je.  9.  8. 


«  2  Ti.  4.  14. 
18.  6. 


J  Or,  his  strength. 
*  Heb.  strength 

of  salvations, 
e  Be.  9.  29.  1  Ki. 

8.  51,  53. 
t  Or,  Rule.  Ps. 

78.  71. 
/Ezra  1.4. 


PSALM  XXVIII. 

David  prayeth  earnestly  against  his  enemies.     6  He  blesseth  God.     9  He  prayethfor  the  people, 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Unto  thee  will  I  cry,  O  Lord  my  rock ! 

Be  not  silent  *to  me  : 

Lest,  if  thou  be  silent  to  me, 

I  become  like  them  that  go  down  into  the  pit. 
2  Hear  the  voice  of  my  supplications,  when  I  cry  unto  thee, 

When  "I  lift  up  my  hands  toward  tthy  holy  oracle. 
^  Draw  me  not  away  with  the  wicked, 

And  with  the  workers  of  iniquity, 

Which  ''speak  peace  to  their  neighbours, 

But  mischief  is  in  their  hearts. 
^  Give  'them  according  to  their  deeds. 

And  according  to  the  wickedness  of  their  endeavours  : 

Give  them  after  the  work  of  their  hands  ; 

Render  to  them  their  desert. 
^  Because  ''they  regard  not  the  works  of  the  Lord, 

Nor  the  operation  of  his  hands, 

He  shall  destroy  them,  and  not  build  them  up. 
6  Blessed  be  the  Lord, 

Because  he  hath  heard  the  voice  of  my  supplications. 
"^  The  Lord  is  my  strength  and  my  shield  ; 

My  heart  trusted  in  him,  and  1  am  helped  : 

Therefore  my  heart  greatly  rejoiceth  ; 

And  with  my  song  will  I  praise  him. 
8  The  Lord  is  ttheir  strength. 

And  he  is  the  *saving  strength  of  his  anointed. 
^  Save  thy  people,  and  bless  'thine  inheritance : 

tFeed  them  also,  -^and  lift  them  up  for  ever. 


PSALM    XXIX. 


alCh.16.  28,29. 

*  Heb.  ye  sons  of 
the  mighty ! 

f  Heb.  the  honor 
of  his  name. 

X  Or,  m  his  glori- 
ous sanctuary. 


PSALM  XXIX. 

David  exhorteth  princes  to  give  glory  to  God,  3  by  reason  of  his  power,  11  and  protection  of  his 

people. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Give  "unto  the  Lord,  O  *ye  mighty ! 
Give  unto  the  Lord  glory  and  strength. 
Give  unto  the  Lord  tthe  glory  due  unto  his  name  ; 
Worship  the  Lord  tin  the  beauty  of  holiness. 

3  The  voice  of  the  Lord  is  upon  the  waters  : 


532 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN.         [Period  IV. 


i  Job  37.  4,  5. 
*  Or,  great  waters. 
t  Heb.  in  power, 
i  Heb 


e  Is.  2.  13. 


dDe.  3.9. 
*  Heb.  cutUtJi 


X  Or,  every  whit 
of  it  utteretk,  Sfc. 

t  Ge.  6.  17.  Job 
38.  8,  25. 


The  'God  of  glory  thundereth  : 

The  Lord  is  upon  *niany  waters. 
^  The  voice  of  the  Lord  is  fpovverful  ; 

The  voice  of  the  Lord  is  I  full  of  majesty. 
^  The  voice  of  the  Lord  breaketh  the  cedars  ; 

Yea,  the  Lord  breaketh  'the  cedars  of  Lebanon. 
^  He  maketh  them  also  to  skip  like  a  calf; 

Lebanon  and  ''Sirion  like  a  young  unicorn. 
''  The  voice  of  the  Lord  *divideth  the  flames  of  fire. 
^  The  voice  of  the  Lord  shaketh  the  wilderness  ; 

The  Lord  shaketh  the  wilderness  of  Kadesh. 
^  The  voice  of  the  Lord  maketh  the  hinds  tto  calve, 

And  discovereth  the  forest: 

And  in  his  temple  Idoth  every  one  speak  of  his  glory. 
^°  The  Lord  'sitteth  upon  the  flood  ; 

Yea,  the  Lord  sitteth  King  for  ever. 
^^  The  Lord  will  give  strength  unto  his  people  ; 

The  Lord  will  bless  his  people  with  peace. 


PS.  XXXVIII. 


h  Job  19.  21.  Ps. 
^.4. 

t  Heb.  ■peax.t,  or, 
health. 
c  Ezra  9.  6. 
A  Mat.  11.  28. 


\  Heb.  wriei. 
t  See  Job  30.  28. 


/Job  7.  5. 


*  Heb.  not  with 

me. 
h  See  Job  19.  13. 
iLu.  10.  31,32. 
t  Heb.  stroke. 
I  Or,  neighbours, 
i  Lu.  -23.  49. 
k  2  Sa.  17.  1-3. 
I2Sa.  16.  7,  8. 
m  See  2  Sa.  16. 

10. 


»  Or,  thee  do  I 
wait  for. 
n  2  Sa.  16.  12. 
t  Or,  answer. 

o  De.  32.  35. 
p  See  Job  19.  5. 
X  Heb.  for  halting. 


PSALM   XXXVIII. 

David  moveth  God  to  take  compassion  of  his  pitiful  case. 
A  Psalm  of  Davnd,  *to  bring  to  remembrance. 

^  O  Lord,  rebuke  me  not  in  thy  wrath  ; 

Neither  chasten  me  in  thy  hot  displeasure. 
^  For  "thine  arrows  stick  fast  in  me, 

And  Hhy  hand  presseth  me  sore. 

^  There  is  no  soundness  in  my  flesh  because  of  thine  anger  : 

Neither  is  there  any  trest  in  my  bones  because  of  my  sin. 
"*  For  'mine  iniquities  are  gone  over  my  head  : 

As  a  heavy  burden  they  are  too  ''heavy  for  me. 
^  My  wounds  stink  and  are  corrupt 

Because  of  my  foolishness. 
^  I  am  ttroubled  ;  I  am  bowed  down  greatly  ; 

I  "go  mourning  all  the  day  long. 
"^  For  my  loins  are  filled  with  ^a  loathsome  disease  ; 

And  there  is  no  soundness  in  my  flesh. 
^  I  am  feeble  and  sore  broken : 

I  ^have  roared  by  reason  of  the  disquietness  of  my  heart. 
^LoRD,  all  my  desire  is  before  thee  ; 

And  my  groaning  is  not  hid  from  thee. 
^^  My  heart  panteth,  my  strength  faileth  me : 

As  for  the  light  of  mine  eyes,  it  also  is  *gone  from  me. 
^^  My  ''lovers  and  my  friends  'stand  aloof  from  my  Isore  ; 

And  my  tkinsmen  ^stand  afar  off". 
^^  They  also  that  seek  after  my  life  *lay  snares  for  me  ; 

And  they  that  seek  my  hurt  'speak  mischievous  things, 

And  imagine  deceits  all  the  day  long. 
^3  But  "I,  as  a  deaf  man,  heard  not ; 

And  I  was  as  a  dumb  man  that  openeth  not  his  mouth. 
^'^  Thus  I  was  as  a  man  that  hcareth  not. 

And  in  whose  mouth  are  no  reproofs. 
^^  For  *in  thee,  O  Lord  !  "do  I  hope  : 

Thou  wilt  thcar,  O  Lord  my  God  ! 
^•^  For  I  said,  '•  Hear  me,  lest  otherwise  they  should  rejoice  over  me : 

When  my  "foot  slippcth,  they  ''magnify  themselves  against  me. 
^"^  For  I  am  ready  tto  halt. 

And  my  sorrow  is  continually  before  me. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS-THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN. 


533 


q  Pr.  28.  13. 
r  -2  Co.  7.  9,  10. 


s  See   1  Jo.  3.  12. 
&  1  Pe.  3.  13. 

t  Heb.  for  my 
help. 
t  Is.  12.  2. 


^^  For  I  will  'declare  mine  iniquity  ; 

I  will  be  ''sorry  for  my  sin. 
1^  But  mine  enemies  *are  lively,  and  they  are  strong ; 

And  they  that  hate  me  wrongfully  are  multiplied. 
2**  They  also  that  render  evil  for  good  are  mine  adversaries ; 

Because  'I  follow  the  thing  that  good  is. 

21  Forsake  me  not,  O  Lord  ! 

O  my  God,  be  not  far  from  me  ! 

22  Make  haste  tto  help  me,  O  Lord  'my  salvation  1 


*  1  Ch.  16.  41.& 
25.  1.  P9.  62,  & 
77,  title. 

a  1  Ki.  2.  4.  2  Ki. 
10.31. 

t  Heb.  a  bridle, 
or,  muzzle  for 
my  mouth.  Ja. 
3.  2. 


X  Heb.  troubled. 


*  Or,  what  time  I 
have  here. 
rfSee  Job7.  6. 


t  Heb.  settled. 

X  Heb.  are  iinage. 
1  Co.  7.  31.  Ja. 

4.  14. 

e  Job  27. 17.  Ec. 
2.  18,  21,  26.  & 

5.  14.  Lu.  12. 
20,  21. 


/Le.  10.  3.  Job 
40.  4,  5.  Ps.  38. 


n-2Sa.  16.  10. 

Job  2.  10. 
/(  See  Job  9.  .31. 
*  Heb.  conflict. 
t  Heb.  that  which 

is  to  be  desired 

in  him  to  melt 

away.  Job  4.  19. 

Is.  50.  9.  Ho.  5. 

12. 
i  Le.  25.  23. 

1  Ch.  29.  15.  Pa. 

119.  19.  2  Co.  5. 

6.  He.  11.  13. 

1  Pe.  1.  17.  &  2. 

11. 
j  Ge.  47.  9. 
*:  Job  10.  20,  21. 
I  Job  14.  10-12. 


*  Or,  A  Prayer, 
being  a  Psalm  of 
David. 


PSALM  XXXIX. 

David's  care  of  his  thoughts.     4  Tlie  consideration  of  the  brevity  and  vanity  of  life.    7  The  reverence 
of  God's  judgments,  10  and  prayer,  are  his  bridles  of  impatience. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  even  to  *Jeduthun,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  I  said,  I  will  "take  heed  to  my  ways, 

That  I  sin  not  with  my  tongue  : 

I  will  keep  tmy  mouth  with  a  bridle, 

While  Hhe  wicked  is  before  me. 
2  I  was  dumb  with  silence, 

I  held  my  peace,  even  from  good ; 

And  my  sorrow  was  tstirred. 
2  My  heart  was  hot  within  me. 

While  I  was  musing  "the  fire  burned  : 

Then  spake  I  with  my  tongue, 

"*  Lord,  make  me  to  know  mine  end, 

And  the  measure  of  my  days,  what  it  is  ; 

That  I  may  know  *how  frail  I  am. 

5  Behold,  thou  hast  made  my  days  ''as  a  handbreadth ; 
And  mine  age  is  as  nothing  before  thee : 

Verily  every  man  tat  his  best  state  is  altogether  vanity.     Selah ! 

6  Surely  every  man  walketh  in  ta  vain  show  : 
Surely  they  are  disquieted  in  vain : 

He  'heapeth  up  riches — and  knoweth  not  who  shall  gather  them. 

^  And  now,  Lord,  what  wait  I  for? 
My  hope  is  in  thee. 
^  Deliver  me  from  all  my  transgressions : 

Make  me  not  the  reproach  of  the  foolish. 
^  I  -^was  dumb,  I  opened  not  my  mouth  ; 

Because  "thou  didst  it. 
I*'  Remove  'thy  stroke  away  from  me  : 

I  am  consumed  by  the  *blow  of  thy  hand. 

11  When  thou  with  rebukes  dost  correct  man  for  iniquity. 

Thou  makest  this  beauty  to  consume  away  like  a  moth  : 

Surely  every  man  is  vanity.    Selah  ! 

12  Hear  my  prayer,  O  Lord  !   and  give  ear  unto  my  cry  : 

Hold  not  thy  peace  at  my  tears : 

For  'I  am  a  stranger  with  thee. 

And  a  sojourner,  ^as  all  my  fathers  were. 
13  O  *spare  me,  that  I  may  recover  strength, 

Before  I  go  hence,  and  'be  no  more. 

PSALM   LXXXVI. 

David  strengtheneth  his  prayer  by  the  conscience  of  his  religion,  5  by  the  goodness  and  poicer  of  God. 

II  He  desireth  the  continuance  of  former  grace.     14  Complaining  of  the  proud  he  craveth  sonw. 
tokenof  God's  goodness. 

*A  Prayer  of  David. 


1  Bow  down  thine  ear,  O  Lord  !  hear  me ; 
For  I  am  poor  and  needy. 


Ss'' 


534 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN.     [Period  IV. 


t  Or,  one  trhom 
Vlou  favorcit. 
a  Is.  26.  3. 


X  Or,  all  tlie  day. 


b  P9.  130.  7.  Joel 
2.13. 


cSeeEx.8.  10. 
&  15.  11. 

d  De.  3. 24. 

e  Is.  43.  7.  Re. 
15.4. 

/Ex.  15.  11. 

g  De.  6.  3.  &  32. 
39.  Is.  37.  16.  & 
44.  6.  Ma.  12. 
29.   1  Co.  8.  4. 
Eph.  4.  6. 

A  Ps.  25.  4. 

t  Heb.  terrible. 


i  Ex.  34.  6. 
Nu.  14.  18.  Ne. 
9.  17. 


^  Preserve  my  soul  ;  for  I  am  iholy  : 

0  thou  my  God  !    save  thy  servant  "that  trusteth  in  thee 
^  Be  merciful  unto  me,  O  Lord  ! 

For  I  cry  unto  thee  tdaily. 
"*  Rejoice  the  soul  of  thy  servant ; 

For  unto  thee,  O  Lord,  do  I  lift  up  my  soul. 
^  For  ''thou,  Lord,  art  good,  and  ready  to  forgive  ; 

And  plenteous  in  mercy  unto  all  them  that  call  upon  thee. 
^  Give  ear,  O  Lord  !  unto  my  prayer  ; 

And  attend  to  the  voice  of  my  supplications. 
'  In  the  day  of  my  trouble  I  will  call  upon  thee  ; 

For  thou  wilt  answer  me. 

^  Among  "the  gods  there  is  none  like  unto  thee,  O  Lord  ! 

Neither  ''are  there  any  works  like  unto  thy  works. 
^  All  'nations  whom  thou  hast  made 

Shall  come  and  worship  before  thee,  O  Lord  ! 

And  shall  glorify  thy  name. 
^'^  For  thou  art  great,  and  ^doest  wondrous  things  : 

Thou  ^art  God  alone. 
^^  Teach  ''me  thy  way,  O  Lord  ! 

1  will  walk  in  thy  truth :  unite  my  heart  to  fear  thy  name. 
^2  I  will  praise  thee,  O  Lord  my  God,  with  all  my  heart; 

And  I  will  glorify  thy  name  for  evermore. 
^^  For  great  is  thy  mercy  toward  me  ; 

And  thou  hast  delivered  my  soul  from  the  lowest  *hel]. 
^^  O  God,  the  proud  are  risen  against  me, 

And  the  assemblies  of  t  violent  men  have  sought  after  my  soul ; 

And  have  not  set  thee  before  them. 
^^  But  'thou,  O  Lord,  art  a  God  full  of  compassion,  and  gracious, 

Long  suffering,  and  plenteous  in  mercy  and  truth. 
^^  O  turn  unto  me,  and  have  mercy  upon  me  ; 

Give  thy  strength  unto  thy  servant,  and  save  the  son  of  thy  hand- 
^"^  Show  me  a  token  for  good,  [maid. 

That  they  which  hate  me  may  see  it,  and  be  ashamed  ; 

Because  thou,  Lord,  hast  holpen  me,  and  comforted  me. 


PSALM  xcv. 


a  De.  32.  15. 

2  Sa.  22.  47. 
*  Hob.  prevent  his 
face. 


t  Heb.  whose. 

l  Or,  The  heijfhU 

of  the  hilLs  are 

his. 
*  Heb.  fVhose  the 

sea  is.  Ge.  1.  9, 

10. 

6  1  Co.  6.  20. 


c  He.  3.  7,  15.  &. 

4.7. 
d  Ex.  17.  2,  7. 

Nu.   14.  22,  &c. 

&  20.  13.  De.  C. 

16. 
t  Heb.  contention. 
e  1  Co.  10.  9. 
/Nu.  14.22. 


PSALM  XCV. 

n  exhortation  to  praise  God,  3  for  his  greatness ,  6  and  for  his  goodness,  8  and  not  to  tempt  him. 

^  O  come,  let  us  sing  unto  the  Lord  : 
Let  "us  make  a  joyful  noise  to  the  rock  of  our  salvation. 
Let  us  *come  before  his  presence  with  thanksgiving, 
And  make  a  joyful  noise  unto  him  with  psalms. 
For  the  Lord  is  a  great  God, 
And  a  great  King  above  all  gods. 
In  this  hand  are  the  deep  places  of  the  earth  : 
tThe  strength  of  the  hills  is  his  also. 
"The  sea  is  his,  and  he  made  it ; 
And  his  hands  formed  the  dry  land. 
O  come,  let  us  worship  and  bow  down : 
Let  ''us  kneel  before  the  Lord  our  Maker. 
For  he  is  our  God  ; 

And  we  are  the  people  of  his  pasture,  and  the  sheep  of  his  hand. 
To-day  "if  ye  will  hear  his  voice, 
Harden  not  your  heart,  ''as  in  the  tprovocation, 
And  as  in  the  day  of  temptation  in  the  wilderness: 
When  'your  fathers  tempted  me. 
Proved  me,  and  ''saw  my  work. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN. 


535 


g  He.  3.  10,  17. 

ft  Nu.  14.  23,  28, 

30.  He.  3.  11,18. 

&  4.  3,  5. 
%  Heb.  Iflhey 

enter  into  my 

rest. 

PSALM  CI. 


61Ki.9.  4.&  11. 

4. 
*  Heb.  thing  of 

Belial. 
c  Jos.  23.  6.  1  Sa. 

12.  20,  21. 


f  Or,  perfect  in 
the  way.  Ps. 
119.  1. 

t  Heb.  be  estab- 
lished. 

fie.  21.  12. 


^°  Forty  ^years  long  was  I  grieved  with  this  generation, 
And  said,  "  It  is  a  people  that  do  err  in  their  heart, 
And  they  have  not  known  my  ways  :" 

^1  Unto  whom  *!  sware  in  my  wrath 

tThat  they  should  not  enter  into  my  rest. 

PSALM   CI. 

David  viaketh  a  vow  and  profession  of  godliness. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  I  will  sing  of  mercy  and  judgment : 
Unto  thee,  O  Lord,  will  I  sing. 

2  I  will  "behave  myself  wisely  in  a  perfect  way. 

0  when  wilt  thou  come  unto  me  ? 

1  will  ''walk  within  my  house  with  a  perfect  heart. 

3  I  will  set  no  *wicked  thing  before  mine  eyes : 
I  hate  the  work  of  them  "^that  turn  aside  ; 

It  shall  not  cleave  to  me. 
^  A  froward  heart  shall  depart  from  me : 

I  will  not  "^know  a  wicked  person. 
^  Whoso  privily  slandereth  his  neighbour,  him  will  I  cut  off: 

Him  'that  hath  a  high  look  and  a  proud  heart  will  not  I  suffer. 
^  Mine  eyes  shall  be  upon  the  faithful  of  the  land, 

That  they  may  dwell  witli  me : 

He  that  walketh  tin  a  perfect  way,  he  shall  serve  me. 
"^  He  that  worketh  deceit  shall  not  dwell  within  my  house ; 

He  that  telleth  lies  shall  not  ttarry  in  my  sight. 
^  I  will  ^early  destroy  all  the  wicked  of  the  land  ; 

That  I  may  cut  off  all  wicked  doers  from  the  city  of  the  Lord. 


A  meditation  upon  th 

eternal. 


a  Da.  7.  9. 

J  Is.  40.  22.  & 
45.  12. 
e  Am.  9.  6. 
d  Is.  19.  1. 


*  Heb.  He  hath 
foiindfd  the  earth 


4,  6.  Ps.  24.  2. 

&  ]36.  6.  Ec. 

1.4. 
/Ge.  7.  19. 
g-Ge.8.  1. 

t  Or,  The  moun- 
tains ascend,  the 
valleiis  descend, 
Ge.  8.  5. 

ft  Job  38.  10,  11. 

i  Job  23.  10.  Ps. 
33.  7.  Je.  5.  22. 

jGe.9.  11,15. 

X  Heb.  JVho  send- 
elh. 


Heb.  walk. 


t  Heb.  brealc. 


%  Heb.  gire  a 


PSALM   CIV. 

mighty  power,  7  and  leonderful  providence  of  God.      31   God's  glory  is 
33  The  prophet  voweth  perpetually  to  praise  God. 

1  Bless  the  Lord,  O  my  soul ! 
O  Lord  my  God  !  thou  art  very  great ; 
Thou  art  clothed  with  honor  and  majesty. 
Who  "coverest  thyself  with  light  as  with  a  garment : 
Who  'stretchest  out  the  heavens  like  a  curtain  : 
Who  'layeth  the  beams  of  his  chambers  in  the  waters : 
Who  '^maketh  the  clouds  his  chariot : 
Who  walketh  upon  the  wings  of  the  wind  : 
Who  'maketh  his  angels  spirits  ; 
His  ministers  a  flaming  fire. 

^  *Who  laid  the  foundations  of  the  earth. 
That  it  should  not  be  removed  for  ever. 
Thou  •'^coveredst  it  with  the  deep  as  with  a  garment : 
The  waters  stood  above  the  mountains. 
At  °thy  rebuke  they  fled  ; 
At  the  voice  of  thy  thunder  they  hasted  away. 
tThey  go  up  by  the  mountains ; 
They  go  down  by  the  valleys 

Unto  Hhe  place  which  thou  hast  founded  for  them. 
Thou  'hast  set  a  bound  that  they  may  not  pass  over ; 
That  ^they  turn  not  again  to  cover  the  earth. 

1^  tHe  sendeth  the  springs  into  the  valleys, 
Which  *run  among  the  hills. 
They  give  drink  to  every  beast  of  the  field  : 
The  wild  asses  iquench  their  thirst. 

By  them  shall  the  fowls  of  the  heaven  have  their  habitation, 
Which  tsing  among  the  branches. 


)36  DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN.     [Period  IV. 


h  Je.  10.  13.  St 

14.22, 


^^  He  watereth  the  hills  from  his  chambers : 

The  earth  is  satisfied  with  ^the  fruit  of  thy  works. 

zGe.7.29,30.  ^^  He  'causctli  the  grass  to  grow  for  the  cattle, 

And  herb  for  the  service  of  man  : 

m  Job  28. 5.  That  he  may  bring  forth  "food  out  of  the  earth, 

Vl'6^7!^*  ^''     ^^  "^"^  "wine  that  maketh  glad  the  heart  of  man, 

*  Hch.  to  TnaJce  And  *oil  to  uiakc  his  face  to  shine, 
I)i^f^(/or"morc       And  bread  which  strengtheneth  man's  heart. 
tA^«  ou.            16  The  trees  of  the  Lord  are  full  of  sap  ; 

o  Nu.  24. 0.  rpj^g  cedars  of  Lebanon,  "which  he  hath  planted  ; 

^"^  Where  the  birds  make  their  nests  : 

As  for  tiie  stork,  the  fir  trees  are  her  house. 
^^  The  high  hills  are  a  refuge  for  the  wild  goats ; 

pPr.30.26.  ^j-ifj  tl^g  j.Q(,j.g  fQ^  ;'tl-,(3  couics. 

'  ^''-  ^-  ^^-  ^^  He  'appointeth  the  moon  for  seasons  : 

r  Job  38. 12.  rpj^g  ^^^  "knoweth  his  going  down. 

« 13.45. 7.  20  Thou  'makest  darkness,  and  it  is  night : 

^H^ufhen'ofdo        Wherein  tall  the  beasts  of  the  forest  do  creep  forth. 
trample  on  the      21  -phc  'youug  hous  Toar  after  their  prey, 
t  Job  38. 39.  Joel        And  scck  their  meat  from  God. 
1. 20.  22  The  sun  ariseth,  they  gather  themselves  together, 

And  lay  them  down  in  their  dens. 
«Ge.3. 19.         23  ^an  gocth  forth  to  "his  work, 

And  to  his  labor  until  the  evening. 
''^'•^-  '"•  ^^  O  "Lord,  how  manifold  are  thy  works  ! 

In  wisdom  hast  thou  made  them  all : 
The  earth  is  full  of  thy  riches : 
'^^  So  is  this  great  and  wide  sea, 

Wherein  are  things  creeping  innumerable. 
Both  small  and  great  beasts. 
2^  There  go  the  ships  : 

There  is  that  "leviathan,  whom  thou  hast  tmade  to  play  therein. 
2^  These  wait  all  upon  thee  ; 

That  thou  mayest  give  them  their  meat  in  due  season. 
2^  That  thou  givest  them  they  gather  : 

Thou  openest  thy  hand — they  are  filled  with  good. 
2^  Thou  hidest  thy  face — they  are  troubled  : 
''itn'-iy^'        Thou  ""takest  away  their  breath — they  die,  and  return  to  their  dust. 
y  Is.  32. 15.  Ez.    "^^  Thou  ''sendest  forth  thy  Spirit — they  are  created  : 
^'■^'  And  thou  renewest  the  face  of  the  earth. 

*  lieh.  siudi  u.  31  The  glory  of  the  Lord  *shall  endure  for  ever: 
iGe.  1. 31.              The  Lord  ""shall  rejoice  in  his  works. 

aHab.  3. 10.       32  jjg  lookcth  OU  the  caith,  and  it  "trembleth  : 
He  toucheth  the  hills,  and  they  smoke. 
^3  1  will  sing  unto  the  Lord  as  long  as  I  live  : 

I  will  sing  praise  unto  my  God  while  I  have  my  being. 
^^  My  meditation  of  him  shall  be  sweet : 
I  will  be  glad  in  the  Lord. 
6rr.2.22.  35  Lgj  tjij^  ginucrs  be  consumed  out  of  the  earth, 
And  let  the  wicked  be  no  more. 
Bless  thou  the  Lord,  O  my  soul ! 
Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PS.\LM  CXX.  PSALM   CXX. 

Daxnd  prayeth  against  Doeg,  3  reprovetli  his  tongue,  5  complaineth  of  his  necessary  conversation 

7cith  the  wicked. 
A  Song  of  Decrees. 

aPs.  118.5.  Jonah  1  jp  -^^y  distrcss  I  cricd  unto  the  Lord, 

And  he  heard  me. 


w  Job  41.  1. 
X  Heb.  formed. 


Part  VII.] 


DAVID'S  PSALMS— THE  OCCASIONS  UNCERTAIN. 


537 


*  Or,  What  shall 
the  deceitful 
tongue  give  unto 
thee?  or,  IVhat 
shall  it  profit 
thee  ? 

t  Heb.  added, 
t  Or,  It  is  as  the 

sharp  arrows  of 

the  miirhty  man, 

with  coals  of 

juniper. 
b  Ge.  10.  2.  Ez. 

27.  13. 
c  Ge.  25.  13.  1  Sa. 

25.  1.  Je.  49.  28, 

29. 

*  Or,  a  man  of 
peace. 

PSALM  CXXI. 

*  Or,  Shall  I  lift 
up  mine  eyes  to 
the  hi.'ls  ?  ff hence 
should  my  help 
cornel  See  Je. 

3.  23. 
a  See  Ge.  1.  1. 
b  1  Sa.  2.9.  Pr.3. 

23,  26. 
c  Is.  27.  3. 


d  U.  25.  4. 

e  Is.  49.  10.  Re. 


/De.28.  6.  Pr.  2. 
8.  &  3. 6. 


^  Deliver  my  soul,  O  Lorb  !   from  lying  lips, 

And  from  a  deceitful  tongue. 

^  *  What  shall  be  given  unto  thee  ? 

Or  what  shall  be  fdone  unto  thee,  thou  false  tongue  ? 
^  t Sharp  arrows  of  the  mighty. 

With  coals  of  juniper. 

^  Woe  is  me,  that  I  sojourn  in  ''Mesech, 

That  1  dwell  in  the  tents  of  Kedar ! 
^  My  soul  hath  long  dwelt 

With  him  that  hateth  peace. 
''  I  am  *for  peace  ; 

But  when  I  speak,  they  are  for  war. 

PSALM  CXXI. 

The  great  safetij  of  the  godly,  who  put  their  trust  in  God's  protection. 
A  Song-  of  Degrees. 

^  *I  will  lift  up  mine  eyes  unto  the  hills, 

From  whence  cometh  my  help. 
^  My  help  cometh  from  the  Lord, 

Which  "made  heaven  and  earth. 
^  He  ''will  not  suffer  thy  foot  to  be  moved  : 

He  "that  keepeth  thee  will  not  slumber. 
■*  Behold,  he  that  keepeth  Israel 

Shall  neither  slumber  nor  sleep. 
^  The  Lord  is  thy  keeper : 

The  Lord  is  ''thy  shade  upon  thy  right  hand. 
^  The  "sun  shall  not  smite  thee  by  day, 

Nor  the  moon  by  night. 
■^  The  Lord  shall  preserve  thee  from  all  evil  : 

He  shall  preserve  thy  soul. 
^  The  Lord  shall  ■'^preserve  thy  going  out  and  thy  coming  in, 

From  this  time  forth,  and  even  for  evermore. 


PSALM  CXXII. 


6  See  2  Sa.  5.  9. 

c  Ex.  23.  17.  De. 
16.  16. 
d  Ex.  16.  34. 


*  Heb.  do  sit.  De. 
17.  8.  2  Ch.  19. 
8. 


/Ne.  2.  10. 


PS.   CXXIV. 


PSALM  CXXIL 

David  jirofesseth  his  joy  for  the  Church,  6  and  prayeth  for  the  peace  thereof. 
A  Song  of  Degrees  of  David. 

^  I  was  glad  when  they  said  unto  me, 

"  Let  "us  go  into  the  house  of  the  Lord." 
^  Our  feet  shall  stand  within  thy  gates,  O  Jerusalem  ! 
^  Jerusalem  is  builded  as  a  city  that  is  ''compact  together ; 
■*  W^hither  "the  tribes  go  up. 

The  tribes  of  the  Lord,  unto  ''the  testimony  of  Israel, 

To  give  thanks  unto  the  name  of  the  Lord. 
^  For  there  *are  set  thrones  of  judgment. 

The  thrones  of  the  house  of  David. 
^  Pray  "for  the  peace  of  Jerusalem : 

They  shall  prosper  that  love  thee. 
'  Peace  be  within  thy  walls. 

And  prosperity  within  thy  palaces  ! 
^  For  my  brethren  and  companions'  sakes, 

I  will  now  say,  Peace  be  within  thee ! 
^  Because  of  the  house  of  the  Lord  our  God 

I  will  -^seek  thy  good. 

PSALM    CXXIV. 

The  Chtirch  blesseth  God  for  a  miraculous  deliverance. 
A  Song  of  Degrees  of  David. 

^  If  it  had  not  been  the  Lord  who  was  on  our  side, 
Now  may  Israel  say  ; 
68 


538 


SECOND  ASSEMBLY  OF  THE  PEOPLE.         [Period  IV. 


c  Ge.  1.  1.  Ps. 
134.  3. 


2  If  it  had  not  been  the  Lord  who  was  on  our  side, 

When  men  rose  up  against  us : 
^  Then  they  had  "swallowed  us  up  quick, 

When  their  wrath  was  kindled  against  us : 
^  Then  the  waters  had  overwhelmed  us  ; 

The  stream  had  gone  over  our  soul ; 
^  Then  the  proud  waters  had  gone  over  our  soul. 
^  Blessed  be  the  Lord, 

Who  hath  not  given  us  as  a  prey  to  their  teeth. 
■^  Our  soul  is  escaped  'as  a  bird  out  of  the  snare  of  the  fowlers 

The  snare  is  broken,  and  we  are  escaped. 
^  Our  help  is  in  the  name  of  the  Lord, 

Who  'made  heaven  and  earth. 


*  Heb.  walk.  Ro. 
12.  16. 

t  Heb.  wonderful. 

Job  42.  3. 
I  Heb.  my  soul. 

Mat.  18.  3.  1  Co. 

14.  20. 

aPs.  130.  7. 

*  Heb.  Tww. 


PSALM  CXXXI. 

David,  professing  his  humility,  3  exhorteih  Israel  to  hope  in  God. 
A  Song  of  Degrees  of  David. 

^  Lord,  my  heart  is  not  haughty. 

Nor  mine  eyes  lofty  ; 

Neither  do  I  *exercise  myself  in  great  matters, 

Or  in  things  too  thigh  for  me. 
2  Surely  I  have  behaved  and  quieted  Imyself, 

As  a  child  that  is  weaned  of  his  mother  : 

My  soul  is  even  as  a  weaned  child. 
^  Let  "Israel  hope  in  the  Lord 

From  *henceforth  and  for  ever. 


PS.  cxxxni. 


*  Heb.  even  to- 
gether. Ge.  J3.  8. 
a  Ex.  30.  25,  ^0. 


Le.  25.  21.  De. 

28.  8.  Ps.  42.  8. 


SECT.   XXV. 

A.  .M.  2989. 
B.  C.  1015. 
Jerusalem. 


J  See  Is.  51.  11, 
12.  Re.  21.  18, 


PSALM    CXXXIIL 

The  benefit  of  the  communici  of  saints. 
A  Song  of  Degrees  of  David. 

^  Behold,  how  good  and  how  pleasant  it  is 

For  brethren  to  dwell  *together  in  unity  ! 
2  It  is  like  "the  precious  ointment  upon  the  head. 

That  ran  down  upon  the  beard — even  Aaron's  beard, 

That  went  down  to  the  skirts  of  his  garments  ; 
2  As  the  dew  of  'Hermon, 

And  as  the  dew  that  descended  upon  the  mountains  of  Zion  : 

For  "there  the  Lord  commanded  the  blessing, 

Even  life  for  evermore. 

Section   XXV. Second  Assembly  of  the  People; — David's  Charge 

I  Chron.  xxix.  1-19. — Psalm  Ixxii. — 1  Chron.  xxix.  20-25. 

David,  hij  his  exaviple  and  entreaty,  6  canseth  the  princes  and  people  to  offer  willingly 
thanksvivins:  and  prayer. — His  Psalm  for  Solomon. — 20  Tlie  people,  having  hie 
sacrificed,  make  Solomon  king. 

1  Furthermore  David  the  king  said  unto  all  the  congregation, 
"  Solomon  my  son,  whom  alone  God  hath  chosen,  is  yet  "young  and 
tender,  and  the  work  is  great ;  for  the  palace  is  not  for  man,  but  for 
the  Lord  God.  -  Now  I  have  prepared  with  all  my  might  for  the  house 
of  my  God  the  gold  for  things  to  be  made  of  gold,  and  the  silver  for 
things  of  silver,  and  tlie  brass  for  things  of  brass,  the  iron  for  things 
of  iron,  and  wood  for  things  of  wood  ;  ''onyx  stones,  and  stones  to  be 
set,  glistering  stones,  and  of  divers  colors,  and  all  manner  of  precious 
stones,  and  marble  stones  in  abundance.  =^  Moreover,  because  I  have 
set  my  affection  to  the  house  of  my  God,  I  have  of  mine  own  proper 
good,  of  gold  and  silver,  which  I  have  given  to  the  house  of  my  God, 
over  and  above  all  that  I  have  prepared  for  tlie  holy  house,  "*  even  three 
thousand  talents  of  gold,  of  the  gold  of  'Opliir,  and  seven  thousand 
talents  of  refined  silver,  to  overlay  the  walls  of  the  houses  withal ; 


10  David's 
essed  God  and 


Part  VII.l 


DAVID'S  PRAYER  BEFORE  THE  PEOPLE. 


539 


•lleb.  fill  hi3 


e  Mat.  6.  13. 
1  Ti.  1.  17.  Re 
5.13. 


/Ro.  11. 


f  Heb.  retain,  or, 
obtain  strength. 


X  Heb.  thy  hand. 


gHe.  n.  13. 
1  Pe.  2.  11. 


A  Job  14.  2.  Ps. 

90.  9. 
*  Heb.  eipectcu- 


i  1  Sa.  16.  7. 
i  Pr.  11.  20. 


I  Or,/oM7id. 


t  Ot, staUish,  Pa 
10.  17. 


5  the  gold  for  things  of  gold,  and  the  silver  for  things  of  silver,  and 
for  all  manner  of  work  to  be  made  by  the  hands  of  artificers.  And 
who  then  is  willing  to  *consecvate  his  service  this  day  unto  the  Lord  ?  " 

s  Then  the  chief  of  the  fathers  and  princes  of  the  tribes  of  Israel, 
and  the  captains  of  thousands  and  of  hundreds,  with  the  rulers  over  the 
king's  work,  offered  willingly,  ''  and  gave  for  the  service  of  the  house 
of  God  of  gold  five  thousand  talents  and  ten  thousand  drams,  and  of 
silver  ten  thousand  talents,  and  of  brass  eighteen  thousand  talents,  and 
one  hundred  thousand  talents  of  iron.  ^  And  they  with  whom  precious 
stones  were  found  gave  them  to  the  treasure  of  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
by  the  hand  of  Jehiel  the  Gershonite.  ^  Then  the  people  rejoiced,  for 
that  they  offered  willingly,  because  with  perfect  heart  they  ■'oflfered 
willingly  to  the  Lord  ;  and  David  the  king  also  rejoiced  with  great  joy. 

i«  Wherefore  David  blessed  the  Lord  before  all  the  congregation  : 
and  David  said, — 

'^  Blessed  be  thou.  Lord  God  of  Israel  our  father,  forever  and  ever  ! 

11  Thine,  'O  Lord  !  is  the  greatness, 
And  the  power,  and  the  glory, 
And  the  victory,  and  the  majesty  : 

For  all  that  is  in  the  heaven  and  in  the  earth  is  thine  ; 

Thine  is  the  kingdom,  O  Lord, 

And  thou  art  exalted  as  head  above  all. 

12  Both  •'^riches  and  honor  come  of  thee. 
And  thou  reignest  over  all ; 

And  in  thy  hand  is  power  and  might ; 

And  in  thy  hand  it  is  to  make  great. 

And  to  give  strength  unto  all. 
1^  Now  therefore,  our  God,  we  thank  thee. 

And  praise  thy  glorious  name. 
I'*  But  who  am  I,  and  what  is  my  people, 

That  we  should  tbe  able  to  offer  so  willingly  after  this  sort  ? 

For  all  things  come  of  thee, 

And  of  t thine  own  have  we  given  thee. 
1^  For  ^we  are  strangers  before  thee, 

And  sojourners,  as  were  all  our  fathers : 

Our  Mays  on  the  earth  are  as  a  shadow, 

And  there  is  none  *abiding. 
^^  O  Lord  our  God,  all  this  store  that  we  have  prepared 

To  build  thee  a  house  for  thy  holy  name 

Cometh  of  thy  hand,  and  is  all  thine  own. 
1"'  I  know  also,  my  God,  that  thou  Hriest  the  heart. 

And  ^hast  pleasure  in  uprightness. 

As  for  me — in  the  uprightness  of  my  heart 

I  have  willingly  offered  all  these  things : 

And  now  have  1  seen  with  joy  thy  people. 

Which  are  tpresent  here,  to  offer  willingly  unto  thee. 
18  O  Lord  God  of  Abraham,  Isaac,  and  of  Israel,  our  fathers, 

Keep  this  for  ever  in  the  imagination  of  the  thoughts  of  the  heart 
of  thy  people, 

And  tprepare  their  heart  unto  thee  ; 
1^  And  '^give  unto  Solomon  my  son  a  perfect  heart. 

To  keep  thy  commandments,  thy  testimonies,  and  thy  statutes, 

And  to  do  all  these  things, 

And  to  build  the  palace,  for  the  which  I  have  made  provision." 


540 


DAVID'S  PRAYER  FOR  SOLOMON. 


[Period  IV. 


PriALM  LXXII. 


*  Or,  of.  Ps.  ]-27, 
title. 


,  shotveth  the  goodness  arid  glory  of  his,  in  type  and  ? 
ym.     18  He  blesseth  God. 


;  truth,  of  Christ's 


PSALM  LXXII.PO) 

David,  praying  /or  Solov 

kingdom. 

A  Psalm  *for  Solomon. 

1  Give  the  king  thy  judgments,  O  God  ! 

And  thy  righteousness  unto  the  king's  son. 
~  He  "shall  judge  thy  people  with  righteousness, 

x\nd  thy  poor  with  judgment. 
3  The  ''mountains  shall  bring  peace  to  the  people, 

And  the  little  hills,  thy  righteousness. 
*  He  "shall  judge  the  poor  of  the  people, 

He  shall  save  the  children  of  the  needy, 

And  shall  break  in  pieces  the  oppressor. 
^  They  shall  fear  thee  "as  long  as  the  sun  and  moon  endure, 

Throughout  all  generations. 
'^  He  -'shall  come  down  like  rain  upon  the  mown  grass  : 

As  showers  that  water  the  earth. 
'  In  his  days  shall  the  righteous  flourish ; 

And  -^abundance  of  peace  fso  long  as  the  moon  endureth. 
^  He  ^shall  have  dominion  also  from  sea  to  sea, 

And  from  the  river  unto  the  ends  of  the  earth. 
^  They  ''that  dwell  in  the  wilderness  shall  bow  before  him  ; 

And  'his  enemies  shall  lick  the  dust. 
^^  The  -'kings  of  Tarshish  and  of  the  isles  shall  bring  presents : 

The  kings  of  Sheba  and  Seba  shall  offer  gifts. 
^^  Yea,  *all  kings  shall  fall  down  before  him : 

All  nations  shall  serve  him. 
^2  For  'he  shall  deliver  the  needy  when  he  crieth  ; 

The  poor  also,  and  him  that  hath  no  helper. 
^^  He  shall  spare  the  poor  and  needy, 

And  shall  save  the  souls  of  the  needy. 
^^  He  shall  redeem  their  soul  from  deceit  and  violence  ; 

And  ""precious  shall  their  blood  be  in  his  sight. 
^^  And  he  shall  live, 

And  to  him  tshall  be  given  of  the  gold  of  Sheba  : 

Prayer  also  shall  be  made  for  him  continually  ; 

And  daily  shall  he  be  praised. 
1^  There  shall  be  a  handful  of  corn  in  the  earth 

Upon  the  top  of  the  mountains  ; 

The  fruit  thereof  shall  shake  like  Lebanon  ; 

And  "they  of  the  city  shall  flourish  like  grass  of  the  earth. 
^"^  His  name  *shall  endure  for  ever  ; 

tHis  name  shall  be  continued  as  long  as  the  sun  ; 

And  "men  shall  be  blessed  in  him  ; 

All  ^nations  shall  call  him  blessed. 

'^  Blessed  ''be  the  Lord  God,  the  God  of  Israel, 

Who  '^only  doeth  wondrous  things  ! 
^°  And  '^blessed  be  his  glorious  name  for  ever  ; 

And  'let  the  whole  earth  be  filled  with  his  glory  !  Amen,  and  Amen. 

2"  The  prayers  of  David  the  son  of  Jesse  are  ended. 

2"  And  David  said  to  all  the  congregation,  "  Now  bless  1  ^"2^°^^^'^' 
the  Lord  your  God."  And  all  the  congregation  blessed 

C")  Psalm  Ixxii.     This  beautiful   Psalm  is  gen-  righteousness ;  the  universal  worship  to  be  paid  to 

erally  supposed  to  have  been  written  when  Solomon  him ;  the  perpetuity  of  his  dominion, "  whose  name 

was  appointed  king  with  his  father.     It  is  prophetic  shall  endure  for  ever  ;  "  in  whom  mankind  shall  be 

of  the  reign  of  the  Messiah:  it  describes  the  peace-  blessed,  and  whom  all  nations  shall  call  blessed. — 

ful  glories   of   the    Messiah's    future   reign ;    his  Dr.  Hales ;  Travell.  ^"^ 


d  Ps.  89.  36,  37 


e  2  Sa.  23.  4.  Ho. 
6.  3. 


/Is.  2.  4.  Da.  2. 

44.  Lu.  1.  33. 
t  Heb.  till  there 

be  no  moon. 
e  See  Ex.  23.  31. 

1  Ki.  4.  21,  24. 

Ps.  2.  8.  Ze.  9. 

10. 
AP3.74.  14. 
i  Is.  49.  23.  Mic. 

7.  17. 
j2Ch.  9.  21.  Ps. 

4o.  12.  Is.  49.  7. 

&  60.  6,  9. 
*  Is.  49.  22,  23. 
I  See  Job  29.  12.' 


m  P=.  116.  15. 


%  Heb.  one  sliall 
give. 


n  1  Ki.  4.  90. 
*  Heb.  shall  be. 

Ps.  69.  36. 
t  Heb.  SItaU  be  as 

a  son  to  continue 

his  father's  name 

fur  ever. 
0  Jo.  4.  2. 
p  Lu.  1.  48. 
q  lCh.29. 10.  Pa. 

41.  13.  Jit  lOG. 

48. 
rEx.  15.  11. 
s  Ne.  9.  5. 
t  Nu.  14.  21.  Ze. 

14.  9. 


Part  VIL] 


DAVID'S  CHARGE  TO  SOLOMON. 


541 


*  Heb.  gave  the 
hand  under  Solo- 
mon: seeGe.24. 
2.  &  47.  29. 
2  Ch.  30.  8.  Ec. 
8.  2.  Ez.  17.  18. 

b  1  Ki.  3.  13. 
2  Ch.  1.  12.  Ec. 
2.  9. 


A.  M.  2989. 
B.  C.  1015. 
Hales,  1030. 

a  See  Ge.  47.  29. 
b  Jog.  23.  14. 
cDe.  17.  19,20. 


d  De.  29.  9.  Jos. 
1.  7.  1  Ch.  22. 
12,  13. 

*  Or,  do  wiseb/, 
1  Sa.  18.  5,  14, 
40. 

e  2  Sa.  7.  25. 
/Ps.132.  12. 
^2Ki.  20.  3. 
A  2  Sa.  7.  12,  13. 
t  Heb.  be  cut  off 

from  thee  from 

the  throne. 
i2Sa.3.39.  &18. 

5,  12,  14.  &  19. 

5-7. 
j  2  Sa.  3.  27. 
ft  2  Sa.  20.  10. 
X  Heb.  put. 
I  Pr.  20.  26. 
m  2  Sa.  12.  31, 

38. 
ti  2  Sa.  9.  7,  10. 

&  19.  28. 
0  2  Sa.  17.  27. 
y  2  Sa.  16.  5. 

*  II eb.  strong. 
5  2Sa.  19.  18. 
r  2  Sa.  19.  23. 
s  Ex.  20.  7.  Job 

9.  28. 
tGe.  42.38.  &  44. 
31. 


the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers,  and  bowed  down  their  heads,  and  wor- 
shipped the  Lord,  and  the  king.  ~^  And  they  sacrificed  sacrifices  unto 
the  Lord,  and  offered  burnt  offerings  unto  the  Lord,  on  the  morrow 
after  that  day,  even  a  thousand  bullocks,  a  thousand  rams,  and  a  thou- 
sand lambs,  with  their  drink  oflferings,  and  sacrifices  in  abundance  for 
all  Israel ;  ^^  and  did  eat  and  drink  before  the  Lord  on  that  day  with 
great  gladness.  And  they  made  Solomon  the  son  of  David  king  the 
second  time,  and  "anointed  him  unto  the  Lord  to  be  chief  governor, 
and  Zadok  to  be  priest.  -^  Then  Solomon  sat  on  the  throne  of  the 
Lord  as  king  instead  of  David  his  father,  and  prospered  ;  and  all  Israel 
obeyed  him.  ~^  And  all  the  princes,  and  the  mighty  men,  and  all  the 
sons  likewise  of  king  David,  ^submitted  themselves  unto  Solomon  the 
king.  ^^  And  the  Lord  magnified  Solomon  exceedingly  in  the  sight 
of  all  Israel,  and  ''bestovi^ed  upon  him  such  royal  majesty  as  had  not 
been  on  any  king  before  him  in  Israel. 

Section  XXVI. — David's  Charge  to  Solomon ; — His  last  Words  and  Death. 

1  Kings  ii.  1-9.— 2  Sam.  xxiii.   1-7.— 1  Chron.  xxix.  26,  to  the  end.— I  Kings   ii.  ]0,  11. 

David,  hmnng  given  a  charge  to  Solomon,  3  of  religioitsness ,  5  of  Joab,  7  of  Barzillai,  8  cf  Shi- 
mei,  —  (2  Sam.  .\xiii.)  1  professeth  his  faith  in  God's  promises  to  be  beijond  sense  or  experience. 
6  The  different  stale  of  the  ivicked. — His  reign  and  death. 

^  Now  "the  days  of  David  drew  nigh  that  he  should  die  ;  and  he 
charged  Solomon  his  son,  saying,  ~"I  ''go  the  way  of  all  the  earth: 
"be  thou  strong  therefore,  and  show  thyself  a  man  ;  ^  and  keep  the 
charge  of  the  Lord  thy  God,  to  walk  in  his  ways,  to  keep  his  statutes, 
and  his  commandments,  and  his  judgments,  and  his  testimonies,  as  it 
is  written  in  the  Law  of  Moses,  that  '^thou  mayest  *prosper  in  all  that 
thou  doest,  and  whithersoever  thou  turnest  thyself ;  ^  that  the  Lord 
may  'continue  his  word  which  he  spake  concerning  me,  saying,  '  If  ^thy 
children  take  heed  to  their  way,  'to  walk  before  me  in  truth  with  all 
their  heart  and  with  all  their  soul,  ''there  shall  not  tfail  thee'  (said  he) 
'  a  man  on  the  throne  of  Israel.'  ^  Moreover  thou  knowest  also  what 
Joab  the  son  of  Zeruiah  'did  to  me,  and  what  he  did  to  the  two  cap- 
tains of  the  hosts  of  Israel,  unto  ■' Abner  the  son  of  Ner,  and  unto 
*Amasa  the  son  of  Jether,  whom  he  slew,  and  tshed  the  blood  of  war 
in  peace,  and  put  the  blood  of  war  upon  his  girdle  that  was  about  his 
loins,  and  in  his  shoes  that  were  on  his  feet.  ^  Do  therefore  'according 
to  thy  wisdom,  and  let  not   his   hoar  head  go  down  to  the  grave  in 


peace. 


But  show  kindness  unto  the  sons  of  "^^Barzillai  the  Gileadite, 


and  let  them  be  of  those  that  "eat  at  thy  table  ;  for  so  "they  came  to  me 
when  I  fled  because  of  Absalom  thy  brother.  ^  And,  behold,  thou  hast 
with  thee  ''Shimei  the  son  of  Gera,  a  Benjamite  of  Bahurim,  which 
cursed  me  with  a  *grievous  curse  in  the  day  when  I  went  to  Mahanaim ; 
but  'he  came  down  to  meet  me  at  Jordan,  and  '^I  sware  to  him  by  the 
Lord,  saying,  '  I  will  not  put  thee  to  death  with  the  sword.'  ^  Now 
therefore  ^hold  him  not  guiltless  ;  for  thou  art  a  wise  man,  and  knowest 
what  thou  oughtest  to  do  unto  him  ;  but  his  hoar  head  'bring  thou  down 
to  the  grave  with  blood." 

^  Now  these  be  the  last  words  of  David.  2  Sam.  xxiii.  1-7. 

David  the  son  of  Jesse  said. 

And  the  man  who  was  raised  up  on  high, 

The  anointed  of  the  God  of  Jacob, 

And  the  sweet  psalmist  of  Israel,  said, — • 

('*)  The  charge  of  David  to  Solomon  has  been  with  death.     The  expressions  in  verses  6  and  8, 

much  misunderstood.     He  is  not  directed  to  put  "  do  therefore  according  to  thy  wisdom,"  and  "  thou 

Joab  and  Shimei  to  death.     These  men  had  become  art  a  wise   man,"  refer  to  the  discretionary  power 

the  bitterest  enemies  to  the  throne  of  David  and  his  which  Solomon  possessed,  and  which  he  was  com- 

son.      Solomon,    therefore,   is   desired    to   observe  manded  by  his  father  to  use  rightly, 
their  conduct,  and  to  punish  any  future   treason 

VOL,.    I.  2t 


542  SOLOMON'S  OFFERING  AT  GIBEON.  [Period  V. 

tt2Pe.  1.21.         2  u  'Thg  "Spirit  of  the  Lord  spake  by  me, 
And  his  word  was  in  my  tongue. 
^  The  God  of  Israel  said, 
V  De.  32. 4, 31.         The  "Roclv  of  Israel  spake  to  me, 
V°%f|c.''p8.        '  ^He  tliat  ruleth  over  men  must  be  just, 
110. 2.  Ruhng  '"in  the  fear  of  God. 

"Ij^Jh.Tg.^T.'g.      '*  And  "he  shall  be  as  the  light  of  the  morning,  when  the  sun  riseth, 
V9"36  Pr  4''i8        ^^^"  ^  momiug  without  clouds  ; 
Hti.  6.'5.  seePs!       As  the  tender  grass  springing  out  of  the  earth 
By  clear  shining  after  rain.' 
^  Although  my  house  be  not  so  with  God ; 
».i^^g89- 29-  Is.         Yet '•'he  hath  made  with  me  an  everlasting  covenant, 
Ordered  in  all  things,  and  sure : 
For  this  is  all  my  salvation,  and  all  my  desire, 
Although  he  make  it  not  to  grow. 

^  "  But  the  sons  of  Belial 
Shall  be  all  of  them  as  thorns  thrust  away, 
Because  they  cannot  be  taken  with  hands. 
■^  But  the  man  that  shall  touch  them 
taeh. filled.  Must  bc  tfcnccd  with  iron  and  the  staff  of  a  spear; 

And  they  shall  be  utterly  burned  with  fire  in  the  same  place." 
-^  Thus  David  the  son  of  Jesse  reigned  over  all  Israel,  i  Chron.xxIx. 
z  2  sa.  5. 4.  27  ^^j  -^\^q  ti^^g  t^^t  he  reigned  over  Israel  was  forty  years  ;  ^6,  27,  part  of 
a2Sa.5. 5.  "scveu  ycars  reigned  he  in  Hebron,  and  thirty  and  three 
6Ge.25.8.  years  roigncd  he  in  Jerusalem.  ^^  And  he  Mied  in  a  good  old  age,  full 
c  Ac.  2. 29.  &  13.  of  days,  riches,  and  honor;  i'' so 'David  slept  with  his  j  kings  ii.  10. 
^^'  fathers,  and  was  buried  in  the  city  of  David;  and  Solo-  iCuRON.xxix! 

mon   his  son  reigned   in  his   stead.  ^'J  Now   the  acts   of  g'-'g«/28,a«(Z 
David  the  king,  first  and  last,  behold,  they  are  written  in      ' 
X  Or,  History.       tiic  tBook  of  Samucl  the  seer,  and  in  the  Book  of  Nathan  the  prophet, 

Heh.  Word..  ^^^^  .^^   ^^^^   ^^^^^   ^^    ^^^    ^j^^    ^^^^^   30  ^^^^    ^j,    j^j^    ^^-^^^  ^^^^   J^Jg  j^Jghj^ 

d  Da.  2. 91.          ^and  the  ti,^^es  that  went  over  him,  and  over  Israel,  and  over  all  the 
kingdoms  of  the  countries. 

1  Kings  ii.  11.   And  the  days  that  David  reigned  over  Israel  were  forty  years:  seven 
years  reigned  he  in  Hebron,  and  tiiirty  and  three  years  reigned  he  in  Jerusalem. 


PERIOD  V. 

THE    REIGN    OF    SOLOMON. 


A.  M.  2989. 
B.  C.  1015. 
Hales,  1027. 


PART   I. 

REIGN  OF  SOLOMON  BEFORE  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 

Section  I. —  The  Offering  at  Gibcon  ; — Judgment  of  Solomon; — Deaths  of 

Adonijah  and  Joab ; — Return  of  Hadad}^^ 

1  Kings  ii.  12.— 2  Chron.  i.  1.— 1  Kings  iii.  3.-2  Chron.  i.  2-G.— 1  Kings  iii.  5,  to  the 

end.— 2  Chron.  i.  13.— 1  Kings  ii.  13-38.- xi.  21,  22.— iii.  4.-2  Chron.  i.  7-12. 

Solomon  succeedeth.  The  solcm  offh-iriff  at  Gibeon.  God  endows  him  ii-ith  xcisdom,  riches,  and 
honor.  Solomon's  jiulsment  lu-iween  the  two  harlots  maketh  him  renoicned.  He  returns  to  Jeru- 
salem. Adonii  ah, 'moving  Bath-sheha  to  sue  unto  Solomon  for  Alnshasr,  is  put  to  death.  Abia- 
tliar,  having  liis  life  given  him,  is  deprived  of  the  priesthood.  Joab,  fleeing  to  the  horns  of  the 
altar,  is  there  slain.  Benaiah  is  put  in  Joab's  room,  and  Zadok  in  Ahiathar's.  Shimei  is  con- 
fined to  Jerusalem.     Hadad  the  Edomite  leaves  Egypt  ami  returns  to  .lis  own  country. 

^2THEN  sat  Solomon  upon  the  throne  of  David  his  father;  and 
his  kingdom  was  established  greatly.  ^  And  Solomon  the  son  of  David 


(>)  The  events  related  in  this  Section  took   place  ceeds  to  the  account  of  Adonijah's  death  ;  that  m 

within  the   first   year    after    Solomon's   accession,  the  Second  Book  of  Chronicles  mentions  the  offer- 

The  narrative  in  the  First  Book  of  Kings,  imme-  ing  at  Gibeon.     The  latter  event  is  placed  first  in 

diately  on  rclatino-  the  succession  of  Solomon,  pro-  this  Arrangement, as  it  is  to  be  supposed  that  Solo- 


23.  Ko.  8.  ! 
1  Co.  8.  3. 


Part  I.]  JUDGMENT  OF  SOLOMON.  543 

«Ge.  39. 2.         was  Strengthened  in  his  kingdom,  and  "the  Lord  his  God  was  with 
''i6%o:k%K'   liim,  and  magnified  him  exceedingly.  ^And  Solomon  'loved  the  Lord, 
walking  in   the  statutes  of  David  his  father ;  only  he  sacrificed  and 
burnt  incense  in  high  places. 

^  Then  Solomon   spake  unto  all  Israel,  to  the  captains  ^  Chron.  i.  2-6. 
of  thousands,  and  of  hundreds,  and  to  the  judges,  and  to  every  governor 
in  all  Israel,  the  chief  of  the  fathers.  ^  So  Solomon,  and  all  the  congre- 
gation with  him.  went  to  the  high  place  that  was  at  Gibeon  ;  for  there 
was  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  of  God,  which  Moses  the  ser- 
'/ch"  \5~i  ^^'     ^'^"^  of  the  Lord  had  made  in  the  wilderness.  '*  But  "the  ark  of  God  had 
David  brought  up  from  Kirjath-jearim  to  the  place  which  David  had  pre- 
pared for  it ;  for  he  had  pitched  a  tent  for  it  at  Jerusalem.  ^Moreover 
d  Ex.  27.  ],  2.  &   ''the  brazen  altar,  that  ''Bczaleel  the  son  of  Uri,  the  son  of  Hur,  had  made, 
eCx.  31.  2.         *lie  put  before  the  tabernacle  of  the  Lord  ;  and  Solomon  and  the  con- 

*  Or,  iras  tJierr.    grcgatiou  sought  unto  it.  ^  And  Solomon  went  up  thither  to  the  brazen 

altar  before  the  Lord,  which  was  at  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation, 
and  offered  a  thousand  burnt  offerings  upon  it. 
•^\'^'-^^~-  ^  In -^Gibeon  the  Lord  appeared  to  Solomon  ^in  a  dream  iKiNGsiii.5, 

^u  -20.  &  2."  13," '  by  night ;  and  God  said,  "  Ask  what  I  shall  give  thee."  ^  And    '"  '/'^  end. 
^^'  Solomon  said,  "  Thou  hast  showed  unto  thy  servant  David  my  father 

t  Or.  bounty.  great  tmcrcy,  according  as  he  ''walked  before  thee  in  truth,  and  in  right- 
eousness, and  in  uprightness  of  heart  with  thee  ;  and  thou  hast  kept  for 
him  this  great  kindness,  that  thou  hast  given  him  a  son  to  sit  on  his 
throne,  as  it  is  this  day.  "^  And  now,  O  Lord  my  God,  thou  hast  made 
thy  servant  king  instead  of  David  my  father :  and  I  am  but  a  little 
child  ;  I  know  not  how  to  go  out  or  come  in.  ^  And  thy  servant  is  in 
tDe.  7.  6.  the  midst  of  thy  people  which  thou  *hast  chosen,  a  great  people,  that 

jSeeGe.  12. 2.  .'caunot  be  uumbeied  nor  counted  for  multitude.  ^  Give 'therefore  thy 
1.5."'"  '  "  servant  an  tunderstanding  heart 'to  judge  thy  people,  that  I  may  "dis- 
i  lieb.jicarivg.  gg^jj  bctwecn  good  and  bad  ;  for  who  is  able  to  judge  this  thy  so  great 
TOije.'s.  14.  ^  people?"  ^°And  the  speech  pleased  the  Lord,  that  Solomon  had 
asked  this  thing,  ^^  and  God  said  unto  him,  "  Because  thou  hast  asked 
nJa.  4. 3.  this  thing,  and  hast  "not  asked  for  thyself  *long  life  ;  neither  hast  asked 

*  Hcb.  nuwyjaijs.  fi(.[,gg  fQj.  thysclf,  uor  hast  asked  the  life  of  thine  enemies  ;  but  hast  asked 
fHeb. /irar.  for  thysolf  Understanding  to  tdiscem  judgmcut ;  ^^behold,"!  have  done 
1 1  Ki'.  "4.^29,^31'   according  to  thy  words  :  ^lo,  I  have  given  thee  a  wise  and  an  understand- 

^^c^'Ag"'  ^"^^  heart ;  so  that  there  was  none  like  thee  before  thee,  neither  after  thee 
g  Wis.  7.  ii.        shall  any  arise  like  unto  thee.   ^^  And  I  have  also  'given  thee  that  which 

I'ao.'''^^"  ^'''''  thou  hast  not  asked,  both  ''riches  and  honor  ;  so  that  there  tshall  not  be 
r  1  Ki.  4.  21,  24.  auy  among  the  kings  like  unto  thee  all  thy  days.  ^^  And  if  thou  wilt  walk 

Pr.  3!  16.  '  '^'  in  my  ways,  to  keep  my  statutes  and  my  commandments,  ^as  thy  fatlier 
tOr,hathnot  David  did  walk,  then  I  will  'lengthen  thy  days."  ^^And  Solomon 
siKi.  15.  5.  "awoke;  and,  behold,  it  was  a  dream.  And  lie  came  to  Jerusalem, 
/Ps.9i.  iG.  Pr.3.  and  stood  before  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  and  offered  up 
«SoGe.  41.7.      burnt  offerings,  and  offered  peace  offerings,  and  "made  a  feast  to  all 

''i^Ki^s' 65' Est   ^"^  servants. 

i.3."D'a.  .5. 1.  '  ^*^Then  came  there  two  women,  that  ic ere  harlots,  unto  the  king, 
and  stood  before  him.  ^"^  And  the  one  woman  said,  "  O  my  lord,  I  and 
this  woman  dwell  in  one  house  ;  and  I  was  delivered  of  a  child  with 

mon  would  convoke  the  people,  and  offer  his  sacri-  inor,  therefore,  permission  to  unite  himself  to 
fices  as  soon  as  possible,  after  he  had  succeeded  to  Abishag,  Adonijah,  in  fact,  reasserted  his  preten- 
the  crown  ;  and  it  is  probable  that  Adonijah  would  sions  to  the  crown.  Joab,  the  most  powerful  niili- 
not  desire  to  marry  the  Shunammite  immediately  tary  chieftain,  and  Abiathar,  the  high  priest,  were 
on  his  father's  death.  It  may  appear  strange  that  implicated  in  the  intended  revolt;  which  it  was 
the  petition  of  Adonijah  to  obtain  Abishag  should  necessary  to  check  at  the  commencement.  Adoni- 
be  thought  deserving  of  death ;  but  in  those  times,  jah  and  Joab,  therefore,  were  condemned  to  death, 
the  seraglio  always  descended  with  the  crown,  and  and  Abiathar  degraded  from  his  office. — Vide  Mi- 
it  was  considered  as  a  step  to  the  throne  to  marr}'  chaelis,  Comnientary.  &.C.  vol.  i.  p.  278-2S1. 
the  mistress  of  the  deceased  n)onarch.     In  request- 


1  See  Ge.  5.  22. 
1  Ki.  2.  4.  &  9. 
4.  2  Ki.  20.  3. 
Ps.  15.  2. 


544  THE  DEATH  OF  ADOXIJAH.  [Period  V. 

her  in  the  house.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  the  third  day  after  that  I  was 
dehvered,  that  this  woman  was  dehvered  also  :  and  we  were  together  ; 
there  was  no  stranger  with  us  in  the  house,  save  we  two  in  the  house. 
^^  And  this  woman's  child  died  in  the  night;  because  she  overlaid  it. 
~°  And  she  arose  at  midnight,  and  took  my  son  from  beside  me,  while 
thy  handmaid  slept,  and  laid  it  in  her  bosom,  and  laid  her  dead  child 
in  my  bosom.  ~^  And  when  I  arose  in  the  morning  to  give  my  child 
suck."  behold,  it  was  dead ;  but  when  I  had  considered  it  in  the  morn- 
ing, behold,  it  was  not  my  son,  which  I  did  bear."  -"-And  the  other 
woman  said,  "  Nay  ;  but  the  living  is  my  son.  and  the  dead  is  thy 
son."  And  this  said,  "■  No  ;  but  the  dead  is  thy  son,  and  the  living  is 
my  son."  Thus  they  spake  before  the  king.  -^Then  said  the  king, 
"  The  one  saith,  '  This  is  my  son  that  liveth,  and  thy  son  is  the  dead,' 
and  the  other  saith,  '  Nay  ;  but  thy  son  is  the  dead,  and  my  son  is  the 
living.'  "  '"*  And  the  king  said,  "  Bring  me  a  sword."  And  they  brought 
a  sword  before  the  king.  ^^  And  the  king  said,  "  Divide  the  living  child 
in  two,  and  give  half  to  the  one,  and  half  to  the  other."  -^  Then  spake 

«'^Ge.  ^^30^^13.  ti^g  woman  whose  the  living  child  v/as  imto  the  king,  '"for  her  bowels 
so!  Ho.  11.8.'     *yearned  upon  her  son,  and  she  said,  "  O  my  lord,  give  her  the  living 

*  Heb.  were  hot.    ^j^-y^  ^^^  -^^  ^^  ^^jgg  g^,  jj  I  M     g^^j  ^j^g  ^^^j^^j.  g^j^j^  u  Lg^  j^  ^g  neither 

mine  nor  thine,  but  divide  it."  ^^  Then  the  king  answered  and  said, 
"  Give  her  the  living  child,  and  in  no  wise  slay  it :  she  is  the  mother 
thereof."  -^  And  all  Israel  heard  of  the  judgment  which  the  king  had 
judged ;  and  they  feared  the  king,  for  they  saw  that  the  wisdom  of 

^o^Ai'm'*'*'"""^        *^  ^^^^  ^^"  '^'""'  ^^  *^*~*  judgment. 

^^  Then  Solomon  came /row  Ms  journey  to  the  high  place  2  Chrox.  i.  13. 
that  was  at  Gibeon  to  Jerusalem,  from  before  the  taber- 
nacle of  the  congregation,  and  reigned  over  Israel. 

^^  And  Adonijah  the  son  of  Haggith  came  to  Bath-sheba  l  ^i^gs  ii. 

X 1  sa.  16. 4, 5.     the  mother  of  Solomon.   And  she  said,  "  Comest  ""thou  peace- 
ably ?  "     And   he  said,  "Peaceably."   ^^He  said  moreover,  "I   have 
somewhat  to  say  unto  thee."     And  she  said, "  Say  on."  ^^  And  he  said, 
''Thou  knowest  that  the  kingdom  was  mine,  and  that  all  Israel  set  their 
faces  on  me,  that  I  should  reign  :  howbeit  the  kingdom  is  turned  about, 

y  1  ch.22.  9, 10.  and  is  become  my  brother's  ;  "for  it  was  his  from  the  Lord.  ^^  And  now 

^.m'o^a.a'ai.  I  ask  one  petition  of  thee,  tdeny  me  not."     And  she  said  unto  him, 

X  Heb.  turn  not     '•'  Say  on."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Speak,  I  pray  thee,  unto  Solomon  the  king, 

prj3i  w"'  (for  he  will  not  say  thee  nay),  that  he  give  me  Abishag  the  Shunam- 
mite  to  wife."  ^^  And  Bath-sheba  said,  "  Well ;  I  will  speak  for  thee 
unto  the  king." 

19  Bath-sheba  therefore  went  unto  king  Solomon,  to  speak  unto  him 

z  Ex.  20. 12.  for  Adonijah.  And  the  king  rose  up  to  meet  her,  and  ""bowed  himself 
unto  her,  and  sat  down  on  his  throne,  and  caused  a  seat  to  be  set  for 

a  See  Ps.  45.9.  tlic  king's  mothcr  ;  "and  she  sat  on  his  right  hand.  -"Then  she  said, 
'•'  I  desire  one  small  petition  of  thee  ;  I  pray  thee,  say  me  not  nay." 
And  the  king  said  unto  her,  "  Ask  on,  my  mother ;  for  I  will  not  say 
thee  nay."  ~^  And  she  said,  "  Let  Abishag  the  Shunammite  be  given  to 
Adonijah  thy  brother  to  wife."  22  And  king  Solomon  answered  and 
said  unto  his  mother,  "  And  why  dost  thou  ask  Abishag  the  Shunam- 
mite for  Adonijah?  ask  for  him  the  kingdom  also,  (for  he  is  mine  elder 
brother),  even  for  him,  and  for  Abiathar  the  priest,  and  for  Joab  the 
son  of  Zeruiah."  ^^Then  king  Solomon  sware  by  the  Lord,  saying, 

6Ru.  1. 17.  «  God  'do  so  to  me,  and  more  also,  if  Adonijah  have  not  spoken  this 
word  against  his  own  life.  -^  Now  therefore,  as  the  Lord  liveth,  which 
hath  established  me,  and  set  me  on  the  throne  of  David  my  father, 

c2Sa.7.  11,  13.  and  who  halli  made  me  a  house,  'as  he  promised,  Adonijah  shall  be 
put  to  death  this  day."  -^  And  king  Solomon  sent  by  the  hand  of 
Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada  ;  and  he  fell  upon  him  that  he  died. 


dJos. 

21. 

18. 

*Heb. 

death. 

an^un 

.'/ 

e  1  Sa. 
2Sa. 

,23 
15. 

.  fi. 
24, 

29. 

/ISa. 

22, 

,20, 

,  23. 

^ISa 

.2. 

31- 

•35. 

Part  L]  THE  DEATH  OF  JOAB.  545 

~"  And  unto  Abiathar  the  priest  said  the  king,  "  Get  thee  to  ''Ana- 
thoih,  unto  thine  own  fields  ;  for  thou  art  *worthy  of  death:  but  I  will 
not  at. this  time  put  thee  to  death,  'because  thou  barest  the  ark  of  the 
Lord  God  before  David  my  father,  and  -^because  thou  hast  been  af- 
flicted in  all  wherein  my  father  was  afflicted."  ^"^  So  Solomon  thrust 
out  Abiathar  from  being  priest  unto  the  Lord  ;  that  he  might  ^fulfil 
the  word  of  the  Lord,  which  he  spake  concerning  the  house  of  Eli 
in  Shiloh., 

2*^  Then  tidings  came  to  Joab  ;  for  Joab  had  turned  after  Adonijah, 
though  he  turned  not  after  Absalom.  And  Joab  fled  unto  the  tabernacle 
of  the  Lord,  and  caught  hold  on  the  horns  of  the  altar.  -•^  And  it  was 
told  king  Solomon  that  Joab  was  fled  unto  the  tabernacle  of  the  Lord  ; 
and,  behold,  he  is  by  the  altar.  Then  Solomon  sent  Benaiah  the  son 
of  Jehoiada,  saying,  "  Go,  fall  upon  him."  ^'^  And  Benaiah  came  to  the 
tabernacle  of  the  Lord,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Thus  saith  the  king, 
'Come   forth.'"    And  he   said,  "  Nay  ;  but   I  will  die  here."     And 
Benaiah  brought  the  king  word  again,  saying,  "  Thus  said  Joab,  and 
hEx.2Lu.        t]^ug  he  answered  me."  =^^  And  the  king  said  unto  him,  "Do  "as  he 
'i9"i3'?&2i.lr  ^^^^'^  ^^'^'  ^"^  ^^^1  "P^"  '^'"ij  ^"d  t*"ry  him  ;  'that  thou  may  est  take 
^-  '    away  the  innocent  blood,  which  Joab  shed,  from  me,  and  from  the 

jju.9.24,57.  Ps.  house  of  my  father.  ^^  And  the  Lord  ^shall  return  his  blood  upon  his 
i2ci..2i.  13.  own  head,  who  fell  upon  two  men  more  righteous  '^and  better  than  he, 
and  slew  them  with  the  sword,  my  father  David  not  knowing  thereof, 
i2  Sa.  3. 27.  to  u'lt,  'Abucr  the  son  of  Ner,  captain  of  the  host  of  Israel,  and  '"Amasa 
^2  J'l"29°'  *'^®  ^""  of  Jether,  captain  of  the  host  of  Judah.  ^3  Their  blood  shall  there- 
fore return  upon  the  head  of  Joab,  and  "upon  the  head  of  his  seed  for 
oPr. 25.5.  ever:   "but  upon  David,  and  upon  his  seed,  and  upon  his  house,  and 

upon  his  throne,  shall  there  be  peace  for  ever  from  the  Lord."  ^^  So 
Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada  went  up,  and  fell  upon  him,  and  slew  him  ; 
and  he  was  buried  in  his  own  house  in  the  wilderness, 

'^'^  And  the  king  put  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada  in  his  room  over  the 
host ;  and  ''Zadok  the  priest  did  the  king  put  in  the  room  of  Abiathar. 
^^  And  the  king  sent  and  called  for  'Shimei,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Build 
thee  a  house  in  Jerusalem,  and  dwell  there,  and  go  not  forth  thence 
any  whither.  ^^  For  it  shall  be,  that  on  the  day  thou  goest  out,  and 
passest  over  the  brook  Kidron,  thou  shalt  know  for  certain  that  thou 
shalt  surely  die  ;  'thy  blood  shall  be  upon  thine  own  head."  ^^  And 
Shimei  said  unto  the  king,  "  The  saying  is  good :  as  my  lord  the  king 
hath  said,  so  will  thy  servant  do."  And  Shimei  dwelt  in  Jerusalem 
many  days. 

-^  And  when  Hadad  heard  in  Egypt  that  David  slept  with  l  Kings  xi. 

his  fathers,  and  that  Joab  the  captain  of  the  host  was  dead,       ^^'~^' 

^a"4:  ^'"'' '"'     Hadad  said  to  Pharaoh,  "  tLet  me  depart,  that  I  may  go  to  mine  own 

country."  "Then  Pharaoh  said  unto  him,  "  But  what  hast  thou  lacked 

with  me,  that,  behold,  thou  seekest  to  go  to  thine  own  country  ?  "  And 

jHeb.jvut.         he  answered,  "  tNothing  :  howbeit  let  me  go  in  any  wise," 

1  Kings  iii.  4.— And  the  king  went  to   Gibeon   to  sacrifice   there  ;  'for  that  was  tlie 
a  1  Ch.  16. 39.        great  high  place  :  a  thousand  burnt  offerings  did  Solomon  offer  upon  that  altar. 

2  Chro.v.  i.  7-t2.— ■?  In  that  night  did  God  appear  unto  Solomon,  and  said  unto  him, 
"  Ask  what  I  shall  give  thee."  ^And  Solomon  said  unto  God,  "Thou  hast  showed  great 
mercy  unto  David  my  father,  and  hast  made  me  to  reign  in  his  stead.  "Now,  O  Lord 
God  !  let  thy  promise  unto  David  my  father  be  established  ;  for  thou  hast  made  me  king 

*neh.  much  as  tJir.  over  a   people  *like   the  dust  of  the  earth   in   multitude,    'o  Give  me  now  wisdom  and 

t  n"!  tl'll'^De    k"°^^*^^ge,  that  I  may  'go  out  and  come  in  before  tliis  people  ;  for  who  can  judge  this  thy 

31.  2.    '     '       ■   people,  that  is  so  great  ?  "  "  And  God  said  to  Solomon,  "  Because  this  was  in  thy  heart, 

and  fhou  hast  not  asked  riches,  wealth,  or  honor,  nor  tlie  life   of  thine  enemies,  neither 

yet  hast  asked  long  life ;  but  hast  asked  wisdom   and  knowledge  for  tliyself,  that  thou 

E    o  9  mayest  judge  my  people,  over  whom  I  have  made  thee  king:  '=  wisdom  and  knowledge 

"    <=.„..  is  granted  unto  thee  ;  and  I  will  give  thee  riches,  and  wealth,  and  honor,  such  as  "none 

VOL.  I.  69  -2^* 


See  J 
&24, 

2,5.  ]  I- 
2.35. 
[  Ch.  6. 
.3. 

13. 
.  53. 

9  2Sa 

.  16.  5. 

r  Le.  20.  9.  J 
2.  29.  2  Sa. 
16. 

].' 

546  PREPARATIONS  FOR  BUILDING  THE  TEMPLE.       [Period  V. 

of  the  kings  have  had  that  have  heen  before  thee,  neither  shall  there  any  after  thee  have 
the  like." 
SECT.  II.       Section  IL — Preparations  for  building  the  Temple; — Death  of  Shimci ; — 
A   M~9<)90  Solomon's  Marriage. 

B.C.  1014.*      1  Kings  iv.  1-25.— 2  Chron.  ii.  1,2.-1   Kings  v.   1-9.-2  Chron.  ii.  3-16—1   Kings 
Hales,  1027.  V.  10,  to  the  end. — 2  Chron.  ii.  17,  18. — 1  Kings  ii.  39,  to  tiie  end. — 1  Kings  iii.  1,  2. 

Jerusalem.         Solomon's  princes.     His  twelve  officers  for  ■provision.     Tlie  peace  and  largeness  of  his  kingdom. 

His  daily  provision.     He  determines  to  build  the  temple.     Hiram,  sending  to  congratulate  him, 

is  certified  of  his  purpose  and  desired  to  furnish  him  with  timher.  Hiram,  blessing  God  for 
Solomon,  anil  requesting  food  for  his  family,  fumisheth  him  with  t/-ees.  His  embassage  to  Huram 
for  icorkmen  and  provision  of  stiiff.  Huram  sendeth  him  a  kind  answer.  The  number  of  Solo- 
mon's workman  and  laborers.  Death  of  Shimei.  Solomons  marriage.  High  places  being  in 
use,  Solomon  sacrificeth  at  Gibeon. 

^  So  king  Solomon  was  king  over  all  Israel.  ^  And  these  were  the 

•  Or,  thechiefoffi-  princes  which  he  had  ;  Azariah  the  son  of  Zadok  *the  priest,  ^  Elihoreph 
'I!^'      ^   .       and  Ahiah.  thesonsof  Shisha,  tscribes  :  "Jehoshaphat  the  son  of  Ahilud, 

■f  Or,  secretaries.  '  t  hTt  ■     i        t  r  i  ii 

fl2Sa.  8. 16.  &  the  trecorder.  **  And  Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada  was  over  tlie  host  : 
20.24.  ^j.j^  Zadok  and  "Abiathar  were  the  priests.  ^  And  Azariah  the  son  of 

bralJ^'!"'^        Nathan  was  over  the  officers  :    and  Zabud  the  son  of  Nathan  was 
jiKi.  2. 35.        ''principal  officer,  and  'the  king's  friend.  ^  And  Ahishar  was  over  the 
d2sl. 8. 13. &    household:  and  Adoniram  the  son  of  Abda  was  over  the  *tribute. 
^•^^-  _  ''And  Solomon  had  twelve  officers  over  all  Israel,  which  provided 

*i6.^^6.  I'ch.'ar.  victuals  for  the  king  and  his  household  :  each  man  his  month  in  a  year 
*^or  lev,  made  provision.  ^And  these  are  their  names.  tThe  son  of  Hur,  in 

t  Or',  Bcn-hur.  Mouut  Ephraim.  ^  tThe  son  of  Dekar,  in  Makaz,  and  in  Shaalbim,  and 
X  Or,  Ben-dekar.  Beth-shemcsh,  aud  Elon-beth-hanan.  '^^  *The  son  of  Hesed,  in  Aruboth ; 
lol's^Ji^'^oit-  ^^  '^'"^  pertained  Sochoh,  and  all  the  land  of  Hepher.  ^^  tThe  son  of 
<^afr'.  Abinadab,  in  all  the  region  of  Dor  ;  which  had  Taphath  the  daughter 

of  Solomon  to  wife.  ^'-  Baana  the  son  of  Ahilud :   to  him  pertained 
Taanach  and  Megiddo,  and  all  Beth-shean,  which  is  by  Zartanah  be- 
neath Jezreel,  from  Beth-shean  to  Abel-meholah,  even  unto  the  place 
X  Or,  Bm-geber.    th^t  is  bcyoud  Jokncam.  ^^  IThe  son  of  Geber  in  Ramoth-gilead  :  to 
/Nu.  32. 41.        hin^  pertained  -^the  towns  of  Jair  the  son  of  Manasseh,  which  are  in 
g  De.  3.4.  Gilead  ;  to  him  also  pertained  *'the  region  of  Argob,  Avhich  is  in  Bashan, 

threescore  great  cities  with  w'alls  and  brazen  bars  :   ^^  Ahinadab  the  son 

*  Oi,  t-j  Jiraha-      of  Iddo  had  *Mahanaim  :   ^^  Ahimaaz  was  in  Naphtali  ;  he  also  took 

Basmath  the  daughter  of  Solomon  to  wife  :   ^^  Baanah  the  son  of  Ilushai 

was  in  Asher  and  in  Aloth  :  ^'^  Jehoshaphat  the  son  of  Paruah,  in  Issa- 

char  :   ^^  Shimei  the  son  of  Elah,  in  Benjamin  :   ^^  Geber  the  son  of 
ADe.  3.8.  Uri  was  in  the  country  of  Gilead,  ''in  the  country  of  Sihon  king  of  the 

Amorites,  and  of  Og  king  of  Bashan  :  and  he  was  the  only  officer  which 

was  in  the  land. 
T'^'J^'  ^^'  ^'^'        ~^  Jiidah  and  Israel  were  many,  'as  the  sand  which  is  by  the  sea 
jP3. 72.3,7.  Mi.  in  multitude,  •'eating  and  drinking,  and   making  merry.  ~^  And   'Solo- 
/■tch  9  2G  Pa   ^^^^  reigned  over  all  kingdoms  from  'the  river  unto  the  land  of  the 

Philistines,  and  unto  the  border  of  E.-srypt:  ""they  brought  presents,  and 

served  Solomon  all  the  days  of  his  life. 


72.  8. 
I  C.e.  15.  18.   Jos 
1.4 


m  Ps.  08. 29.  &         22  ^j^^  Solomou's  +provision  for  one  day  was  thirty  tmeasures  of  fine 

72.  10,  11.  „  ,       ,  '  ^1      OT  r  I 

iUeb.  bread.        fiour,  and  threescore  measures  of  meal.  -^  ten   hit  o.xen,  and  twenty 

XHeh.  cors.         oxcu  out  of  thc  pasturcs,  and  an   hundred  sheep,  besides  harts,  and 

roebucks,  and  followdeer,  and  fatted  fowl.    -*  For  he  had  '-"dominion 

over  all  the  region  on  this  side  the  river,  from  Tiphsah  even  to  Azzah. 

71  Ps.  72.  n.         Qypf  "^11  ti^g  kings  on  this  side  the  river :  and  "he  had  peace  on  all  sides 

Jk^e''je~23!'6.     rouud  about  him.  '^^  And  Judah  and  ''Israel  dwelt  *safely,  every  man 

*  iieh. confiienihj.  uudcr  ius  viuc  and  under  his  fig  tree,  from  Dan  even   to  Beer-sheba, 

iol'  •  •     "•  ■  all  the  days  of  Solomon/^^ 

C)  By  this  extension  of  Solomon's  dominions,  the  (^)  "  The  matter,"  says  Lightfoot,  "  of  the  fourth 

CfU'onant  made  with   Abraham  (Gon.  xv.  1>.)  was  ciiap.  1  Kings,  is  not  of  fixed  and  determinate  date, 

fulfilled. — Vide  Hales's  .'jf/MiZ.  vol.  ii.  p.413,aud  the  tied  to   anyone  year,  but  it  runneth  througli   the 

commentators.  story  of  many  years,  for  it  showeth  the  growth  and 


9. 


Part  1.]  PREPARATIONS  FOR  BUILDING  THE  TEMPLE.  547 

^  And  Solomon  determined  to  build  a  house  for  the  name      2  Chron.  ii. 
of  the  Lord,  and  a  house  for  his  kingdom,  ^  And  Solo-  ^'  ^' 

mon  told  out  threescore  and  ten  thousand  men  to  bear  burdens,  and 
fourscore  thousand  to  hew  in  the  mountain,  and   three  thousand  and 
six  hundred  to  oversee  them. 
?  Huram,  2Ch.2.       1  ^j^j  'Hiraui  king  of  Tyre  sent  his  servants  unto  Solomon  ;   l  Kings  v. 

for  he  had  heard  that  they  had  anointed  him  king  in  the  room 

^^ch'  fi  \''  \m   °^  '"^  father :  'for  Hiram  was  ever  a  lover  of  David.  ^  And  Solomon 

sent  to  Hiram,  saying,  ^  '*  Thou  knowest  how  that  David  my  father 

could  not  build  a  house  unto  the  name  of  the  Lord  his  God  Yor  the 

wars  which  were  about  him  on  every  side,  until  the  Lord   put   them 

under  the  soles  of  his  feet.  "*  But  now  the  Lord  my  God  hath  given 

t2Ch  '»  9         "^^  '*^^'  ^^  every  side,  so  that  there  is  neither  adversary  nor  evil  occur- 

fHeb.  so;/.  rcut.  ^  Aud,  behold,  I  tpurpose  to  build  a  house  unto  the  name  of  the 

^ich'u  p  &    Lord  my  God,  "as  the  Lord  spake  unto  David  my  father,  saying,  '  Thy 

22.  lb.  son,  whom  I  will  set   upon  thy  throne  in  thy  room,  he  shall  build  a 

house  unto  my  name.'  ^  Now  therefore  conmiand  thou  that  they  hew 

me  cedar  trees  out  of  Lebanon ;   and  my  servants  shall  be  with  thy 

servants  :  and  unto  thee  will  I  give  hire  for  thy  servants  according  to  all 

X  Heb  say.         tj^^t  ^j^qu  shalt  tappoiut :  for  thou  knowest  that  there  is  not  among  us 

any  that  can  skill  to  hew  timber  like  unto  the  Sidonians." 

'''  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Hiram  heard  the  words  of  Solomon, 

that  he  rejoiced  greatly,  and  said,  "•  Blessed  be  the   Lord  this  day, 

which  hath  given  unto  David  a  wise  son  over  this  great  people."  ^  And 

*  Heb.  heard.       Hiraui  scut  to  Solomou,  saying,  "  I  have  *considered  the  things  which 

thou  sentest  to  me  for :  and  I  will  do  all  thy  desire  concerning  timber 

of  cedar,  and  concerning  timber  of  fir.  ^  My  servants  shall  bring  them 

down  from  Lebanon  unto  the  sea :  and  I  will  convey  them  by  sea  in 

t  Heb.  send.        floats  uuto  the  placc  that  thou  shalt  tappoint  me,  and  will  cause  them 

to  be  discharged  there,  and  thou  shalt  receive  them :  and  thou   shalt 

"fiz^f "7  ^A~c'ts  accomplish  my  desire,  "in  giving  food  for  my  household." 

12. 20.  3  And  Solomon  sent  to  tHuram  the  king  of  Tyre,  saying,      2  Chron.  ii. 

As  ""thou  didst  deal  with  David  my  father,  and  didst  send 


a  Is.  G6   1. 

t  Hell.  Iiiith  re- 
tained, or,  ob- 
tained  strength. 


X  Or,  niram 
lKi.5.  1. 

tojcii.  11.  J.      him  cedars  to  build  him  a  house  to  dwell  therein,  even  so  deal  with 

me.  ■*  Behold,  I  build  a  house  to  the  name  of  the   Lord  my  God,  to 

tEx.  30. 7.         dedicate  it  to  him,  and  ""to  burn  before  him  *sweet  incense,  and  for 

s;)iL".  "'"'"^* "    ^the  continual  showbread,  and  for  ""the  burnt  offerings  morning  and 

y^""-^^-^^-  L'^-  evening,  on  the  Sabbaths,  and  on  the  new-moons,  and  on  the  solemn 

2  Nu.  28. 3, 9, 11.  feasts  of  the  Lord  our  God.     This  is  an  ordinance  for  ever  to  Israel. 

^  And  the  house  which  I  build  is  great :  for  great  is  our  God  above  all 

gods.  ^  But  "who  tis  able  to  build  him  a  house,  seeing  the  heaven  and 

heaven  of  heavens  cannot  contain  him  ?  who  am  I  then,  that  I  should 

build  him  a  house,  save  only  to  burn  sacrifice  before  him  ?  ''  Send  me 

now  tiierefore  a  man  cunning  to  work  in  gold,  and  in  silver,  and  in 

brass,  and  in  iron,  and  in  purple,  and  crimson,  and  blue,  and  that 

^-Wrt'"/™"^     can  skill  Uo  grave  with  the  cunning  men  that  are  with  me  in  Judah 

and  in  Jerusalem,  whom  David  my  father  did  provide.  ^  Send  me  also 

^Sci.lo.Th""'    cedar  trees,  fir  trees,  and  *algum  trees,  out  of  Lebanon  :  for  I  know 

that  thy  servants  can  skill  to  cut  timber  in  Lebanon  ;  and,  behold  !  my 

servants  shall  be  with  thy  servants,  ^  even  to  prepare  me  timber  in 

^wunderfut  '""^   abuudancc  :  for  the  house  which  I  am  about  to  build  shall  be  twonder- 

continuance  of  Solomon's  strength,  establishment,  of  Proverbs — and  the  last  verse  before  the  visit  of 

and  prosperity  in  his  kingdom  ;  and  the  evidencing  the  queen  of  Sheba. 

of  his  wisdom,  all    the   time  till   his  declining  to  There  seems  to  have  been  two  embassies  to  the 

idolatry  ;  and  therefore  as  for  the  method  and  place  king  of  Tyre,  one  for  cedar  and  different  kinds  of 

of  it,  it  might  be  laid  any  where,"  (Jtc.     I  have  ac-  wood;    the    other    for   skilful  workmen    in   brass, 

cordingly  inserted  the  brief  account  of  his  horses,  gold,  &c. 

&c.  in  the  section  in  which  his  greatness  is  related  The  Jews  suppose  that  Shimei  was  put  to  death 

— of  his  wisdom,  immediately  preceding  the  book  prior  to  Solomon's  marriage. — Lightfoot  in  loc. 


548 


PREPARATIONS  FOR  BUILDING  THE  TEMPLE.       [Period  V. 


I  Heb.  knowing 
prudence  and  un- 
derstanding-. 


*  Heb.  according 
to  all  thy  need. 

t  Heb.  Japko,  Jos. 
19.46.  Ac.  9.  36. 


X  Heb.  ccrs. 


*  Heb.  tribute  of 
man. 


X  Heb.  tke  men. 
the  strangers. 
c  1  Ch.  22.  2. 


ful  great.  ^^  And,  behold  !  I  will  give  to  thy  servants,  the  hewers  that 
cut  timber,  twenty  thousand  measures  of  beaten  wheat,  and  twenty 
thousand  measures  of  barley,  and  twenty  thousand  baths  of  wine,  and 
twenty  thousand  baths  of  oil." 

^^  Then  Huram  the  king  of  Tyre  answered  in  writing,  which  he  sent 
to  Solomon,  "  Because  the  Lord  hath  loved  his  people,  he  hath  made 
thee  king  over  them."  ^^  Huram  said  moreover,  "  Blessed  be  the  Lord 
God  of  Israel,  ''that  made  heaven  and  earth,  who  hath  given  to  David 
the  king  a  wise  son,  lendued  with  prudence  and  understanding, 
that  might  build  a  house  for  the  Lord,  and  a  house  for  his  kingdom. 
^^  And  now  I  have  sent  a  cunning  man,  endued  with  understanding, 
of  Huram  my  father's,  ^^  the  son  of  a  woman  of  the  daughters  of  Dan, 
and  his  father  was  a  man  of  Tyre,  skilful  to  work  in  gold,  and  in  silver, 
in  brass,  in  iron,  in  stone,  and  in  timber,  in  purple,  in  blue,  and  in  fine 
linen,  and  in  crimson  ;  also  to  grave  any  manner  of  graving,  and  to  find 
out  every  device  which  shall  be  put  to  him,  with  tiiy  cunning  men, 
and  with  the  cunning  men  of  my  lord  David  thy  father.  ^^Now  there- 
fore the  wheat,  and  the  barley,  the  oil,  and  the  wine,  which  my  lord 
hath  spoken  of,  let  him  send  unto  his  servants.  ^^  And  we  will  cut 
wood  out  of  Lebanon,  *as  much  as  thou  shalt  need :  and  we  will  bring 
it  to  thee  in  floats  by  sea  to  t  Joppa ;  and  thou  shalt  carry  it  up  to  Jeru- 
salem." ^^  So  Hiram  gave  Solomon  cedar  trees  and  fir  i  Kings  v. 
trees  according  to  all  his  desire.  ^^  And  Solomon  gave  ^^,  to  end. 
Hiram  twenty  thousand  ^measures  of  wheat  for  food  to  his  household, 
and  twenty  measures  of  pure  oil :  thus  gave  Solomon  to  Hiram  year 
by  year.  ^~  And  the  Lord  gave  Solomon  wisdom,  as  he  promised  him : 
and  there  was  peace  between  Hiram  and  Solomon  ;  and  they  two 
made  a  league  together. 

1^  And  king  Solomon  raised  a  *Ievy  out  of  all  Israel ;  and  the  levy 
was  thirty  thousand  men.  ^^  And  he  sent  them  to  Lebanon,  ten  thou- 
sand a  month  by  courses  :  a  month  they  were  in  Lebanon,  and  two 
months  at  home :  and  Adoniram  was  over  the  levy.  ^^  And  Solomon 
had  threescore  and  ten  thousand  that  bare  burdens,  and  fourscore 
thousand  hewers  in  the  mountains  ;  ^^  besides  the  chief  of  Solomon's  of- 
ficers which  were  over  the  work,  three  thousand  and  three  hundred, 
which  ruled  over  the  people  that  wrought  in  the  work.  ^'^  And  the 
king  commanded,  and  they  brought  great  stones,  costly  stones,  and 
hewed  stones,  to  lay  the  foundation  of  the  house.  ^^And  Solomon's 
builders  and  Hiram's  builders  did  hew  them,  and  the  tstone-squarers  : 
so  they  prepared  timber  and  stones  to  build  the  house. 

^^  And  Solomon  numbered  all  tthe  strangers  that  were  in 
the  land  of  Israel,  after  the  numbering  wherewith  'David 
his  father  had  numbered  them  ;  and  they  were  found  an  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  and  three  thousand  and  si.x  hundred,  i^''  And  he  set 
threescore  and  ten  thousand  of  them  to  be  bearers  of  burdens,  and 
fourscore  thousand  to  be  hewers  in  the  mountain,  and  three  thousand 
and  si.K  hundred  overseers  to  set  the  people  a  work. 

2^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  three  years,  that  two 
of  the  servants  of  Shimei  ran  away  unto  ''Achish  son  of 
Maachah  king  of  Gath.  And  they  told  Shimei,  saying,  "  Behold,  thy 
servants  be  in  Gath."  '^^  And  Shimei  arose,  and  saddled  his  ass,  and 
went  to  Gath  to  Achish  to  seek  his  servants :  and  Shimei  went,  and 
brought  his  servants  from  Gath.  ''^  And  it  was  told  Solomon  that  Shimei 
had  gone  from  Jerusalem  to  Gath,  and  was  come  again.  ''-And  tlie 
king  sent  and  called  for  Shimei,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Did  I  not  make 
thee  to  swear  by  the  Lord,  and  protested  unto  thee,  saying,  '  Know 
for  a  certain,  on  the  day  thou  goest  out,  and  walkest  abroad   any 


2  Chkon. 
17,  18. 


1  Kings  ii. 
39,  to  end. 


Part  II.] 


THE  BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


549 


fPs.7.  16. 


h  Le.  17.  3-5. 


whither,  that  thou  shalt  surely  die  ? '  and  thou  saidst  unto  me,  '  The 
word  that  I  have  heard  is  good.'  ""^  Why  then  hast  thou  not  kept  the 
oath  of  the  Lord,  and  the  commandment  that  I  have  charged  thee 
with  ?  "  ■^^  The  king  said  moreover  to  Shimei,  "  Thou  knovvest  'all  the 
wickedness  which  thy  heart  is  privy  to,  that  thou  didst  to  David  my 
father  :  therefore  the  Lord  shalKreturn  thy  wickedness  upon  thine  own 
head  ;  ^^  and  king  Solomon  shall  be  blessed,  and  °'the  throne  of  David 
shall  be  established  before  the  Lord  for  ever."  ^'^  So  the  king  com- 
manded Benaiah  the  son  of  Jehoiada ;  which  went  out,  and  fell  upon 
him,  that  he  died.  And  the  kingdom  was  established  in  the  hand  of 
Solomon. 

^  And  Solomon  made  affinity  with  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  l  K'ngs  ni. 
and  took  Pharaoh's  daughter,  and  brought  her  into  the  city  ' 
of  David,  until  he  had  made  an  end  of  building  his  own  house,  and 
the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  wall  of  Jerusalem  roundabout.  ^Only 
''the  people  sacrificed  in  high  places,  because  there  was  no  house  built 
unto  the  name  of  the  Lord,  until  those  days. 


PART  n. 


A.    M.   2993  to 

2999. 

B.  c.  1011  eo 

1005. 
Hales,    1027  to 


PART    II. 

THE    BUILDING   OF   THE    TEMFLE.t^) 


Jerusalem. 


aGe.  22.  2,  14. 

*  Or,  7Dhich  was 
seen  vf  David  h 
father. 

f  Or,  Araunah, 
2  Sa.  24.  18. 


2  Chron.  iii.  1.— 1  Kings  vi.  1.— 2  Chron.  iii.  2-9.— 1  Kings  vi.  4-8,  15-28.— 2  Chron. 
iii.  part  of  13,  14.— 1  Kings  vi.  29-36.— vii.  13-22.-2  Chron.  iv.  1.— 1  Kings  vii. 
23-50.— 2  Chron.  iv.  8-10.-1  Kings  vi.  9-14.— vii.  51.— vi.  37,  38,  and  2,  3.— 
2  Chron.  iii.  10-12,  part  of  13,  15,  to  the  end.— iv.  2-7,  11,  to  the  end. 

The  place  and  time  of  building  the  temple.  The  measure  and  ornaments  of  the  house.  The  chambers 
thereof.  The  ceiling  and  adorning  of  it.  The  cherubim.  The  doors.  The  court.  Hiram's 
work  of  the  two  pillars.  Of  the  altar.  Of  the  molten  sea.  Of  the  ten  bases.  Of  the  ten  lavers, 
and  all  the  vessels.  The  ten  tables.  The  courts.  God's  promise  unto  the  house.  Its  comple- 
tion and  the  time  of  building  it. 

^Then  Solomon  began  to  build  the  house  of  the  Lord  2 Chron.  iii.  l. 
"at  Jerusalem  in  Mount  Moriah,  *where  the  Lord  appeared 
unto  David  his  father,  in  the  place  that  David  had  prepared  in  the 
threshingfloor  of  tOrnan  the  Jebusite. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  four  hundred  and  eightieth  i  ^i^^^  ^i. 
year  after  the  children  of  Israel  were,  come  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt,  in  the  fourth  year  of  Solomon's  reign  over  Israel,  in  the  month 
tHeb.^,d«.  Acts  2if^  ^hich  is  the   second   month,  that   hetbegan   to  build   the  house 
of  the  Lord. 

2  And  he  began  to  build  in  the  second  day  of  the  2  Chron.  iii.  2-9. 
second  month,  in  the  fourth  year  of  his  reign. 
*  Heb./oii«</e</.  3  j^q^  thcsc  are  the  things  wherein  Solomon  was  *instructed  for  the 
building  of  the  house  of  God.  The  length  by  cubits  after  the  first 
measure  was  threescore  cubits,  and  the  breadth  twenty  cubits.  '*  And 
the  porch  that  was  in  the  front  of  the  house,  the  length  of  it  was  accord- 
ing to  the  breadth  of  the  house,  twenty  cubits,  and  the  height  was  aa 
hundred  and  twenty  :  and  he  overlaid  it  within  with  pure  gold.  ^  And 
the  greater  house  he  ceiled  with  fir  tree,  which  he  overlaid  with  fine 
t  Heb.  covered,  gold,  and  sct  thcrcon  palm  trees  and  chains.  ^  And  he  tgarnished  the 
house  with  precious  stones  for  beauty  :  and  the  gold  was  gold  of 
Parvaim.  '''  He  overlaid  also  the  house,  the  beams,  the  posts,  and  the 
walls  thereof,  and  the  doors  thereof,  with  gold  ;  and  graved  cherubim 
on  the  walls,  ^  And  he  made  the  most  holy  house,  the  length  whereof 
was  according  to  the  breadth  of  the  house,  twenty  cubits,  and  tlie 
breadth  thereof  twenty  cubits :  and  he  overlaid  it  with  fine  gold,  amount- 

{*)  It  will  be  observed,  that  the  descriptions  of  ted  in  the  other.  I  have  endeavoured  to  harmonize 
the  building  of  the  temple  in  Kings  and  Chronicles  the  two.  The  same  may  be  observed  of  the  prayer 
differ.     Circumstances  mentioned  in  one  are  omit-     at  the  dedication  of  the  temple. 


550 


THE  BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


[Period  V. 


t  Or,  windoiBs 
broad  within  and 
Tiarrow  wilhout: 
or,  skewed  and 
dosed.  See  Ez. 
40.  16.  &41.  16. 

X  Or,  upon,  or, 
joining  to. 

*  Heb.  floors. 
SeeEz.  41.6. 

t  Heb.  ribs. 

X  Heb.  narrow- 
inirs,  or,  rebale- 
m-nti. 

b  See  De.  27.  5, 


*  Heb.  shoulder. 


t  Or,  from  the 
floor  of  the  house 
unto  the  walls, 
^•r,.  and  so,  ver. 
16. 


c  Ex.  26.  33.  Lc. 
16.  2.  Ez.  45.  3. 
He.  9.  3. 

X  Or,  gourds. 

*  Heb.  openings 
of  flowers. 


t  Heb.  shut  up. 


<iEx.  30.  1,,3,  6. 


e  Ex.  37.  7-9. 
X  Or,  nihi.  Heb. 


*  Or,  the  cheru- 
bim stretched 

forth  their  wings. 
Ex.  25.  20.  & 
37.  9.  2  Ch.  5. 8. 


■f  Or,  toward  the 

hou>e. 
/Ex.26.  31.  Mat. 

27.51.  Heb.  9. 3. 
X  Heb.  eausrd  to 

ascend. 

*  Heb.  openings 
of  flowers. 


t  Or,, Hrr.iqtmre. 
X  Or,  leaves  of  the 

donrs. 
*  Heb.  openings 

of  flowers. 


ing  to  si.\  hundred  talents.  ^  And  the  weight  of  the  nails   was  fifty- 
shekels  of  gold.    And  he  overlaid  the  upper  chambers  with  gold. 

■*  And  for  the  house  he  made  twindows  of  narrow  lights,  i  Kikcs  vi. 
^  And  lagainst  the  wall  of  the  liouse  he  built  *chambers  round  4-3,  and 
about,  against  the  walls  of  the  house  round  about,  both  of  the  ^^~''  ' 
temple  and  of  the  oracle:  and  he  made tchambers  round  about:  ^the 
nethermost  chamber  was  five  cubits  broad,  and  the  middle  was  six 
cubits  broad,  and  the  third  was  seven  cubits  broad :  for  without  in 
the  wall  of  the  house  he  made  t  narrowed  rests  round  about,  that  the 
beams  should  not  be  fastened  in  the  walls  of  the  house.  '''  And  Hhe 
house,  when  it  was  in  building,  was  built  of  stone  made  ready  before 
it  was  brought  thither :  so  that  there  was  neither  hammer  nor  a.\e  nor 
any  tool  of  iron  heard  in  the  house  while  it  was  in  building.  ^  The  door 
for  the  middle  chamber  was  in  the  right  *side  of  the  house :  and  they 
went  up  with  winding  stairs  into  the  middle  chamber,  and  out  of  the 
middle  into  the  third. 

^^  And  he  built  the  walls  of  the  house  within  w  ith  boards  of  cedar, 
tboth  the  floor  of  the  house,  and  the  walls  of  the  ceiling ;  and  he 
covered  them  on  the  inside  with  wood,  and  covered  the  floor  of  the 
house  with  planks  of  fir.  ^^  And  he  built  twenty  cubits  on  the  sides  of 
the  house,  both  the  floor  and  the  walls  with  boards  of  cedar :  he  even 
built  them  for  it  within,  even  for  the  oracle,  even  for  'the  most  holy 
place.  ^' And  the  house  (that  is,  the  temple  before  it),  was  forty  cubits 
long.  ^®  And  the  cedar  of  the  house  within  was  carved  with  Jknops 
and  *open  flowers :  all  was  cedar ;  there  was  no  stone  seen.  ^^  And 
the  oracle  he  prepared  in  the  house  within,  to  set  there  the  ark  of  the 
covenant  of  the  Lord.  ~°  And  the  oracle  in  the  forepart  was  twenty 
cubits  in  length,  and  twenty  cubits  in  breadth,  and  twenty  cubits  in 
the  height  thereof;  and  he  overlaid  it  with  tpure  gold,  and  so  covered 
the  altar  which  was  of  cedar.  ^^  So  Solomon  overlaid  the  house  within 
with  pure  gold  ;  and  he  made  a  partition  by  the  chains  of  gold  bofore 
the  oracle,  and  he  overlaid  it  with  gold.  -And  the  whole  house  he 
overlaid  with  gold,  until  he  had  finished  all  the  house:  also ''the  whole 
altar  that  was  by  the  oracle  he  overlaid  with  gold. 

^^  And  within  the  oracle  'he  made  two  cherubim  of  tolive  tree,  each 
ten  cubits  high.  -^  And  five  cubits  was  the  one  wing  of  the  cherub, 
and  five  cubits  the  other  wing  of  the  cherub  :  from  the  uttermost  part 
of  the  one  wing  unto  the  uttermost  part  of  the  other  were  ten  cubits. 
2^  And  the  other  cherub  was  ten  cubits :  both  the  cherubim  were  of 
one  measure  and  one  size.  ~*^  The  height  of  the  one  cherub  was  ten 
cubits,  and  so  was  it  of  the  other  cherub.  -'  And  he  set  the  cherubim 
within  the  inner  house  ;  and  *they  stretched  forth  the  wings  of  the 
cherubim,  so  that  the  wing  of  the  one  touched  the  one  wall,  and  the 
wing  of  the  other  cherub  touched  the  other  wall ;  and  their  wings 
touched  one  another  in  the  midst  of  the  house.  ~^  And  he  2  Chron.  iii. 
overlaid  the  cherubim  with  gold.  ^^And  they  stood  on  latter  pt.  of  12, 
their  feet,  and  their  faces  were  f inward.  ^'^  And  he  made  «'^'^  ^'''-  ^'^■ 
the  A'ail  of  blue,  and  purple,  and  crimson,  and  fine  linen,  and  twrought 
cherubim  thereon. 

2^  And  he  carved  all  the  walls  of  the  house  round  about  l  ^'cj.g';'''- 
with   carved   figures  of  cherubim  and  palm  trees  and  *open 
flowers,  within  and  without,  ^o  And  the  floor  of  the  house  he  overlaid 
with  gold,  within  and  without. 

^^  And  for  the  entering  of  the  oracle  he  made  doors  of  olive  tree  : 
the  lintel  and  side  posts  were  +a  fifth  part  of  the  wall.  3~  The  ttwo 
doors  also  were  of  olive  tree  ;  and  he  carved  upon  them  carvings  of 
cherubim  and  palm  trees  and  *open  flowers,  and  overlaid  them  with 


52.  21. 


Part  H.]  THE  BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE.  551 

gold,  and  spread  gold  upon  the  cherubim,  and  upon  the  palm  trees. 
^^  So  also  made   he  for  the  door  of  the  temple  posts  of  olive  tree,  ta 

tor, foursquare,  fo^^th  part  of  the  Wall.  3'*  And  the  two  doors  were  of  fir  tree :  the 
two  leaves  of  the  one  door  were  folding,  and  the  two  leaves  of  the 
other  door  were  folding.  ^^  And  he  carved  thereon  cherubim  and  palm 
trees  and  open  flowers :  and  covered  them  with  gold  fitted  upon  the 
carved  work. 

^6  And  he  built  the  inner  court  with  three  rows  of  hewed  stone,  and 
a  row  of  cedar  beams. 

^l,ra;.^"  ^^'  ^^  And  king  Solomon  sent  and  fetched  ^Hiram  out  of  Tyre,  l  ^i^.^"" 

'^  He  was  ta  widow's  son  of  the  tribe  of  Naphtali,  and   his 
father  was  a  man  of  Tyre,  a  worker  in   brass :  and  he  was  filled  with 
wisdom,  and  understanding,  and  cunning  to  work   all  works  in  brass. 
And  he  came  to  king  Solomon,  and  wrought  all  his  work  :   ^^for  he 

'a^L'af^'n^'jt!  *cast  two  pillars  of  brass,  of  eighteen  cubits  high  apiece  ;  and  a  line 
of  twelve  cubits  did  compass  either  of  them  about.  ^^  And  he  made 
two  chapiters  of  molten  brass,  to  set  upon  the  tops  of  the  pillars  ;  the 
height  of  the  one  chapiter  was  five  cubits,  and  the  height  of  the  other 
chapiter  was  five  cubits.  ^"^  And  nets  of  checker  work,  and  wreaths  of 
chain  work,  for  the  chapiters  which  were  upon  the  top  of  the  pillars  ; 
seven  for  the  one  chapiter,  and  seven  for  the  other  chapiter.  ^^  And 
he  made  the  pillars,  and  two  rows  round  about  upon  the  one  network, 
to  cover  the  chapiters  that  were  upon  the  top,  with  pomegranates  ;  and 
so  did  he  for  the  other  chapiter.  ^^And  the  chapiters  that  were  upon 
the  top  of  the  pillars  were  of  lily  work  in  the  porch,  four  cubits. 
~°  And  the  chapiters  upon  the  two  pillars  had  pomegranates  also  above, 
over  against  the  belly  which  was  by  the  network  ;  and  the  pomegran- 

AJo.  52. 23.  ates  were  ''two  hundred  in  rows  round  about  upon  the  other  chapiter. 
^^  And  he  set  up  the  pillars  in  the  porch  of  the  temple  ;  and  he  set  up 

^JtaWiiA^'*''""  *^^  "s'^^  pillar,  and  called  the  name  thereof  tJachin,  and  he  set  up  the 
left  pillar,  and  called  the  name  thereof  tBoaz.  22  And  upon  the  top  of 
the  pillars  was  lily  work  :    so  was  the  work  of  the  pillars  finished. 

'I^Ki^i6^il'Ez        ^  Moreover  he  made 'an  altar  of  brass,  twenty  cubits  the     2  Chron. 

43. 13, 16.  length  thereof,  and  twenty  cubits  the  breadth  thereof,  and        i^- 1- 

ten  cubits  the  height  thereof. 

*HebVom/«.         -^And  he  made  ^ a  molten  sea,  ten   cubits  *from  the  one  ^ '^jJJ,^^^''"- 

brim'iohis  brim,  brim  to  thc  other  ;  it  was  round  all  about,  and   his  height 

was  five  cubits,  and  a  line  of  thirty  cubits  did  compass  it  round  about. 
2"*  And  under  the  brim  of  it  round  about  there  were  knops  compassing 
it,  ten  in  a  cubit,  compassing  the  sea  round   about ;   the  knops  were 

fcje.  52.20.  cast  in  two  rows,  when  it  was  cast.  ~^  It  stood  upon  ''twelve  oxen,  three 
looking  toward  the  north,  and  three  looking  toward  the  west,  and 
three  looking  toward  the  south,  and  three  looking  toward  the  east ; 
and  the  sea  was  set  above  upon  them,  and  all  their  hinder  parts  were 
inward.  2*^  And  it  was  a  handbreadth  thick,  and  the  brim  thereof  was 
wrought  like  the  brim  of  a  cup,  with  flowers  of  lilies  ;  it  contained 
two  thousand  baths. 

^^  And  he  made  ten  bases  of  brass ;  four  cubits  was  the  length  of 
one  base,  and  four  cubits  the  breadth  thereof,  and  three  cubits  the 
height  of  it.  ^'^And  the  work  of  the  bases  was  on  this  manner:  they 
had  borders,  and  the  borders  were  between  the  ledges.  -^  And  on  the 
borders  that  were  between  the  ledges  were  lions,  o.xen,  and  cherubim  ; 
and  upon  the  ledges  there  was  a  base  above  ;  and  beneath  the  lions 
and  oxen  were  certain  additions  made  of  thin  work.  2°  And  every  base 
had  four  brazen  wheels,  and  plates  of  brass  ;  and  the  four  corners 
thereof  had  undersetters  :  under  the  laver  were  undersetters  molten, 
at  the  side  of  every  addition.  ^'  And  the  mouth  of  it  within  the  chap- 


552 


THE  BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


[Period  V. 


t  Heb.  in  the  base. 


J  Heb.  7iakcdness. 


Ileli.  shoulder. 


f  Heb.  Hirom : 
See  ver.  13. 


X  Heb.  the  face  of 
the  pillars. 


*  Hoi),  viadc 
hnirht,  or, 
scull  rcil. 

t  llc-h.  ill  the 
thickness  of  the 

X  Heb.  for  the  etr- 
cpcding  multitude. 

*  Heb.  searched. 
]  Ch.  22.  14. 

mEx.:i7.  10,  &c. 


■f  Heb.  ash  pans 


X  Or,  howls. 


*  Or,  the  vault- 
beams  and  Oie 
ceilings  with 
cedar. 


iter  and  above  was  a  cubit ;  but  the  mouth  thereof  was  round  after 
the  work  of  the  base,  a  cubit  and  a  half;  and  also  upon  the  mouth  of 
it  were  gravings  with  their  borders,  foursquare,  not  round,  ^~  And 
under  the  borders  were  four  wheels ;  and  the  a.xletrees  of  the  wheels 
were  tjoined  to  the  base :  and  the  height  of  a  wheel  was  a  cubit  and 
half  a  cubit,  ^^And  the  work  of  the  wheels  was  like  the  work  of  a 
chariot  wheel :  their  axletrees,  and  their  naves,  and  their  felloes,  and 
their  spokes,  were  all  molten,  ^'*  And  there  were  four  undersetters  to 
the  four  corners  of  one  base ;  and  the  undersetters  were  of  the  very 
base  itself.  ^^  And  in  the  top  of  the  base  was  there  a  round  compass 
of  half  a  cubit  high  ;  and  on  the  top  of  the  base  the  ledges  thereof 
and  the  borders  thereof  were  of  the  same.  ^^  For  on  the  plates  of  the 
ledges  thereof,  and  on  the  borders  thereof,  he  graved  cherubim,  lions, 
and  palm  trees,  according  to  the  ^proportion  of  every  one,  and  ad- 
ditions round  about.  ^^  After  this  manner  he  made  the  ten  bases :  all 
of  them  had  one  casting,  one  measure,  and  one  size. 

^'^Then  made  hetenlavers  of  brass  (one  laver  contained  forty  baths, 
and  every  laver  was  four  cubits)  ;  and  upon  every  one  of  the  ten  bases 
one  laver,  ^^  And  he  put  five  bases  on  the  right  *side  of  the  house,  and 
five  on  the  left  side  of  the  house  ;  and  he  set  the  sea  on  the  right  side 
of  the  house  eastward  over  against  the  south, 

•^'^  And  tHiram  made  the  lavers,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  basons.  So 
Hiram  made  an  end  of  doing  all  the  work  that  he  made  king  Solomon 
for  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^^  The  two  pillars,  and  the  two  bowls  of  the 
chapiters  that  were  on  the  top  of  the  two  pillars  ;  and  the  two  networks, 
to  cover  the  two  bowls  of  the  chapiters  which  were  upon  the  top  of 
the  pillars  ;  "•-  and  four  hundred  pomegranates  for  the  two  networks, 
even  two  rows  of  pomegranates  for  one  network,  to  cover  the  two  bowls 
of  the  chapiters  that  were  upon  tthe  pillars  ;  ^^and  the  ten  bases,  and 
ten  lavers  on  the  bases  ;  '^^and  one  sea,  and  twelve  oxen  under  the  sea; 
"^^  and  'the  pots,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  basons:  and  all  these  vessels, 
which  Hiram  made  to  king  Solomon  for  the  house  of  the  Lord,  were 
of  *bright  brass,  '^'^  In  the  plain  of  Jordan  did  the  king  cast  them,  fin 
the  clay  ground  between  Succoth  and  Zarthan.  '*'''  And  Solomon  left 
all  the  vessels  unweighed,  tbecause  they  were  exceeding  many  ;  neither 
was  the  weight  of  the  brass  *found  out. 

^^  And  Solomon  made  all  the  vessels  that  pertained  unto  the  house  of 
the  Lord  :  "'the  altar  of  gold,  and  the  table  of  gold,  whereupon  the 
showbread  was,  ^^  and  the  candlesticks  of  pure  gold,  five  on  the  right 
side,  and  five  on  the  left,  before  the  oracle,  with  the  flowers,  and  the 
lamps,  and  the  tongs  of  gold,  ^^  and  the  bowls,  and  the  snuflers,  and 
the  basons,  and  the  spoons,  and  the  fcensers  of  pure  gold  ;  and  the 
hinges  of  gold,  both  for  the  doors  of  the  inner  house,  the  most  holy 
place,  and  for  the  doors  of  the  house,  to  wit,  of  the  temple, 

^He  made  also  ten  tables,  and  placed  them  in  the  tem- 
ple, five  on  the  right  side,  and  five  on  the  left.  And  he 
made  an  hundred  Ibasons  of  gold. 

^  Furthermore  he  made  the  court  of  the  priests,  and  the  great  court, 
and  doors  for  the  court,  and  overlaid  the  doors  of  them  with  brass. 
^°  And  he  set  the  sea  on  the  right  side  of  the  east  end,  over  against  the 
south. 

"  So  he  built  tlie  house,  and  finished  it ;  and  covered  the  1  ^'"'ff  '^'' 
house  *with  beams  and  boards  of  cedar.   ^°  And  then  he  built 
chambers  against  all  the  house,  five  cubits  high  ;  and  they  rested  on  the 
house  with  timber  of  cedar. 

"  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Solomon,  saying,  ^-"Concerning 
this  house  which  thou  art  in  building,  if  tliou  wilt  walk  in  my  statutes, 


2C11RON. 
B-IO. 


Part  II.]  THE  BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE.  553 

and  execute  my  judgments,  and  keep  all  my  commandments  to  walk 

"i^^h".  Ji/fd.       "^  them  ;  then  will  I  perform  my  word  with  thee,  "which  I  spake  unto 

o  Ex.  25^8.  Le.    David  thy  father  ;  ^^  and  "I  will  dwell  among  the  children  of  Israel,  and 

16:  ReXu^i!^'    will  not  ^forsake  my  people  Israel."   ^^  So  Solomon  built  the  house,  and 

pDe.31.6.         finished  it. 

^^  So  was  ended  all  the  work  that  king  Solomon  made  for  l  Kings  vii. 
Kftavtd'ltsT  the  house  of  the  Lord.    And  Solomon  brought  in  the  tthings        ^^• 
^- 1^-  which  David  his  father  had  dedicated  ;  even  the  silver,  and  the  gold, 

and  the  vessels,  did  he  put  among  the  treasures  of  the  house  of  the 

Lord. 

2^  In  the  fourth  year  was  the  foundation  of  the  house  of  i  K^ngs  vi. 

the  Lord  laid,  in  the  month  Zif  ;  ^^and  in  the  eleventh  year,      ^''  '^^' 

in  the  month  Bui,  which  is  the  eighth  month,  was  the  house  finished 
^aSrTent"  tthroughout  all  the  parts  thereof,  and  according  to  all  the  fashion  of 
aual'ordlLnc^s  ^t-    ^o  was  hc  scvcu  ycars  in  building  it. 

thereof.  j  Kings  vi.  2,  3.—-  And  the  house  which  king  Solomon  built  for  the  Lord,  the  length 

thereof  was  threescore  cubits,  and  the  breadth  thereof  twenty  cubits,  and  the  height 
thereof  thirty  cubits.  ^  And  the  porch  before  the  temple  of  the  house,  twenty  cubits  was 
the  length  tliereof,  according  to  the  breadth  of  the  house ;  and  ten  cubits  was  the  breadth 
thereof  before  the  house. 

2  Chron.  iii.  10-12,  joart  o/ 13,  15,  to  the  e7id.—^°  And  in  the  most  holy  house  he  made 

*h''k"^/'""^  two  cherubim  *of  image  work,  and  overlaid  them  with  gold,  'i  And  the  wino-s  of  the 
v<Me  work"'  cherubim  were  twenty  cubits  long :  one  wing  of  the  one  cherub  was  five  cubits,  reaching 
to  the  wall  of  the  house  :  and  the  other  wing  was  likewise  five  cubits,  reaching  to  the  wing 
of  the  other  cherub,  i-  And  one  wing  of  the  other  cherub  was  five  cubits,  reaching  to  the 
wall  of  the  house  :  and  the  other  wing  was  five  cubits  also,  joining  to  the  wing  of  the 
other  cherub.  '^  The  wings  of  these  cherubim  spread  themselves  forth  twenty  cubits.— 

t  Heb.  long.  15  Also  he  made  before  the  house  two  pillars  of  thirty  and  five  cubits  thigh,  and  the  chapi- 

ter that  was  on  the  top  of  each  of  them  was  five  cubits.  '^  And  he  made  chains,  as  in  the 
oracle,  and  put  them  on  the  heads  of  the  pillars  ;  and  made  an  hundred  pomeoranates  and 
put  them  on  the  chains.  "  And  he  reared  up  the  pillars  before  the  temple,  one  on  the 
right  hand,  and  the  other  on  the  left;  and  called  the  name  of  that  on  the  right  hand 

^JialTeluMi^h        +Jachin,  and  the  name  of  that  on  the  left  *Boaz. 

*Thatis, /«;«  is       2  Chron.  iv.  2-7,  W,  to  the  end.— ^A\so  he  made  a  molten  sea  of  ten  cubits  from  tbrim  to 

strength.  brim,  round  in  compass,  and  five  cubits  the  height  thereof;  and  a  line  of  thirty  cubits  did 

^"to  brLt'^"^  compass  it  round  about.  ^  And  under  it  was  the  similitude  of  oxen,  which  did  compass  it 
round  about ;  ten  in  a  cubit,  compassing  the  sea  round  about.  Two  rows  of  oxen  were 
cast,  when  it  was  cast.  *  It  stood  upon  twelve  oxen,  three  looking  toward  the  north,  and 
three  looking  toward  the  west,  and  three  looking  toward  the  south,  and  three  looking 
toward  the  east;  and  the  sea  was  set  above  upon  them, and  all  their  hinder  parts  were  in- 
ward. =  And  the  thickness  of  it  was  a  handbreadth,  and   the  brim  of  it  like  the  work  of 

t  Or,  like  a  lily-      the  brim  of  a  cup,  twith  flowers  of  lilies  ;  and  it  received  and  held  three  thousand  baths. 

■f'''"^'^''-  6  j-ie  made  also  ten  lavers,  and  put  five  on  the  right  hand,  and  five  on  the  left,  to  wash 

*  ^^^-  i'^^^ork      in  them  :  *such  things  as  they  offered  for  the  burnt  offering  they  washed  in   them  ;  but 

ojfermg.  ^.^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^.j^^  priests  to  wash  in.  ''And  he  made  ten  candlesticks  of  gold  accordino- 
to  their  form,  and  set  them  in  the  temple,  five  on  the  right  hand,  and  five  on  the  left. 
^  Or,  bowls.  11  And  Huram  made  the  pots,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  tbasons.    And    Huram  tfinished 

^mafe.  ^"'^^^'^ ''"  ^he  work  that  he  was  to  make  for  king  Solomon  for  the  house  of  God  ;  12  to  wit,  the  two 
pillars,  and  the  pommels,  and  the  chapiters  which  were  on  the  top  of  the  two  pillars,  and 
the  two  wreaths  to  cover  the  two  pommels  of  the  chapiters  which  were  on  the  top  of  the 
pillars  ;  '^  and  four  hundred  pomegranates  on  the  two  wreaths  ;  two  rows  of  pomegranates 

*  Heb. /ace.  on  each  wreath,  to  cover  the  two  pommels  of  the  chapiters  which  were  upon  the  *pillars. 
t  Or,  crt/dro)w.        u  fjp  made  also  bases,  and  flavers  made  he  upon  the  bases  ;  '^one  sea,  and  twelve  o.xen 

under  it.  >«  The  pots  also,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  fleshhooks,  and  all  their  instruments,  did 
*sS!-AjT/^  Huram  his  father  make  to  king  Solomon  for  the  house  of  the  Lord  of  tbright  brass,  i'  In 

seoCrerf."''  the  plain  of  Jordan  did  the  king  cast  them,  in  the  *clay  ground  between   Succoth   and 

*  Heb.  thicknesses  Zeredathah.  >'  Thus  Solomon  made  all  these  vessels  in  great  abundance  •  for  the  weio-ht 
0/  the  ground.       ^^  ^j^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^1  j  ^^^  ^^  f^^^^  ^^^ 

'9  And  Solomon  made  all  the  vessels  that  were  for  the  house  of  God,  the  golden   altar 
also,  and  the  tables  whereon  the  showbread  was  set;  ^^ moreover  the   candlesticks   with 
their  lamps,  that  they  should  burn  after  the  manner  before  the  oracle,  of  pure  gold  ;  "'  and 
^fj'\ff^''"^''^^    the  flowers,  and  the  lamps,  and  the  tongs,  made  he  of  gold,  and  that  tperfect  gold  •  ^Sand 
Xof,\owls.  *^^  snuffers  and  the  tbasons,  and  the  spoons,  and  the  censers,  of  pure  gold  :  and  the  entry 

of  the  house,  the  inner  doors  thereof  for  the  most  holy  place,  and  the  doors  of  the  house 
of  the  temple,  were  of  gold. 

VOL.  I.  70  2  Tj 


554 


THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


[Period  V, 


PAKT  m. 

A.  M.   3000. 

B.  C.  10O4. 
Hales,  1030. 

Jerusalem. 


•  Or,  they  are 
thc^c,  as  1  KL 

8.8. 

6De. 

10.  2,  5. 

tOr, 

where. 

PSALM  .XLVII. 

oDe.  7.  21. 
ft  .Mai.  1.  14. 


PART    III. 

THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE  ;— PSALMS  ON  THE  OCCASION. 

2  Chron.  v.  1-10. — Psalms  xlrii.,  xcvii.,  xcviii.,  xcix.,  and  c. — 2  Chron.  v.  11-14. — 
Psalms  cxxxv.  and  cxxxvi. — 2  Chron.  vii.  4-7. — vi.  1-39. — 1  Kings  viii.  part  ofbQ 
to  61.— 2  Chron.  vi.  40,  to  the  end,  vii.  1-3,  8-10. — 1  Kings  viii.  1,  to  the  middle  of 
ver.  50,  and  62,  to  the  end. 

The  dedicated  treasures.  2  Tlie  solemn  induction  of  the  ark  into  the  oracle. — Psalms  on  the  occa- 
sion.    God  beincr  praised  iriveth  a  visiile  y^s^^  of  his  favor. -^Psalnis. — Solomon's  solemn  sacri- 


God  being  praised  ^veth  a  visi 
fee.     Heblesseth  the  people,  and  God. 


e  sig7i  of  his  fa 
Solomon's  dedicating  prayer.     God  hairins:  jcriven  testi- 


mony to  Solomon's  prayer  by  fire  from  heaven,  and  glory  in  the  temple,  the  people  icorship  him. 

■         lie  feast  of  Ti-  "  •    ■     -  -  •     ^    ••     -• 

misseth  the  people. 


Solomon  having  kept  tlie  feast  of  Tabernacles,  and  the  feast  of  the  Dedication  of  the  Altar,  dis- 


^  THUS  all  the  work  that  Solomon  made  for  the  house  of  the  Lord 
was  finished  :  and  Solomon  brought  in  all  the  things  that  David  his 
father  had  dedicated ;  and  the  silver,  and  the  gold,  and  all  the  instru- 
ments, put  he  among  the  treasures  of  the  house  of  God. 

-Then  Solomon  assembled  the  elders  of  Israel,  and  all  the  heads 
of  the  tribes,  the  chief  of  the  fathers  of  the  children  of  Israel,  unto 
Jerusalem,  to  bring  up  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  "out  of 
the  city  of  David,  which  is  Zion. 

^  Wherefore  all  the  men  of  Israel  assembled  themselves  unto  the 
king  in  the  feast  which  was  in  the  seventh  month.  ^  And  all  the  elders 
of  Israel  came  ;  and  the  Levites  took  up  the  ark.  ^  And  they  brought 
up  the  ark,  and  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  all  the  holy 
vessels  that  were  in  the  tabernacle,  these  did  the  priests  and  the  Le- 
vites bring  up.  ^  Also  king  Solomon,  and  all  the  congregation  of  Israel 
that  were  assembled  unto  him  before  the  ark,  sacrificed  sheep  and 
o.\en,  which  could  not  be  told  nor  numbered  for  multitude.  ~  And  the 
priests  brought  in  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  unto  his  place, 
to  the  oracle  of  the  house,  into  the  most  holy  place,  even  under  the 
wings  of  the  cherubim :  ^  For  the  cherubim  spread  forth  their  wings 
over  the  place  of  the  ark,  and  the  cherubim  covered  tlie  ark  and  the 
staves  thereof  above.  ^  And  they  drew  out  the  staves  of  the  ark,  that 
the  ends  of  the  staves  were  seen  from  the  ark  before  the  oracle  ;  but 
they  were  not  seen  without.  And  *there  it  is  unto  this  day.  ^^  There 
was  nothing  in  the  ark  save  the  two  tables  which  Moses  ''put  therein  at 
Horeb,  twhen  the  Lord  made  a  covenant  with  the  children  of  Israel, 
when  they  came  out  of  Egypt. 

Psalms  on  removing  the  Ark  into  the  Temple,  of  Solomon S^^ 
PSALM   XLVII. 

The  nations  are  exhorted  cheerfully  to  entertain  the  kingdom  of  Christ. 
To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  *for  the  sons  of  Korali. 

^  O  clap  your  hands,  all  ye  people  ! 

Shout  unto  God  with  the  voice  of  triumph. 
2  For  the  Lord  most  high  is  "terrible  ; 

He  ''is  a  great  King  over  all  the  earth. 
"'  He  shall  subdue  the  people  under  us, 

And  the  nations  under  our  feet. 


(*)  Psalm  .xlvii.  was  probably  composed  and  sung 
on  the  occasion  of  brintjinfr  the  ark,  either  into  the 
tabernacle  on  Mount  Zion  by  David,  or  from  thence 
into  the  temple  by  Solomon.  (Vide  Dr.  Wells  in 
loo.)  1  have  inserted  it  here  on  the  supposition 
that  ver.  '>.  appears  to  allude  rather  to  the  magnifi- 
cent description  in  2  Chron.  v.  13. 

Psalms  xcvii.,  xcviii.,  xcix., c.  It  is  quite  uncer- 
tain when  these  Psalms  were  composed.  They  are 
inserted  here  from  the  apparent  allusions  they  con- 
tain to  tlie  cloud  which  filled  the  temple,  to  the  fire 
wiiich  consumed  the  sacrifices ;  and  to  the  descrip- 
tion in  2  Chron.  v.  13. 


Psalms  cxxxv.,  cxxxvi.  The  first  of  these 
Psalms  was  supposed  to  have  been  sung  by  the  Le- 
vites on  opening  the  gates  of  the  temple.  The 
second  was  sung  on  the  great  festivals  ;  one  half  by 
one  half  of  the  choir,  the  othew  by  either  the  other 
half  or  by  tlie  whole  chorus  uniting  in  the  words, 
"  His  mercy  endureth  for  ever."  As  these  Psalms 
were  used  in  the  temple  service,  and  the  precise 
time  of  their  composition  is  not  ascertained,  it 
may  be  assumed  that  they  were  adopted  at  the  be- 
ginning of  that  service,  and  were  composed  about 
this  time. 


Part  III.] 


PSALMS  ON  REMOVING  THE  ARK  INTO  THE  TEMPLE. 


555 


(/Ze.  ]4.  9. 

e  \  Co.  14.  15, 16. 

f  Or,  every  one 
t/iut  hath  under- 
standing. 

J   Or,  tAc  volunta- 
ry of  the  people 
are  gathered 
unto  the  people 
of  the  Oodnf 
Jibraham. 
/Ro.  4.  1),  12. 


"*  He  shall  choose  our  "inheritance  for  us, 

The  excellency  of  Jacob  whom  he  loved.     Selah ! 
^  God  is  gone  up  with  a  shout, 

The  Lord  with  the  sound  of  a  trumpet. 
^  Sing  praises  to  God,  sing  praises : 

Sing  praises  unto  our  King,  sing  praises. 
■^  For  "God  is  the  King  of  all  the  earth : 

Sing  'ye  praises  twith  understanding. 
^  God  reigneth  over  the  heathen  : 

God  sitteth  upon  the  throne  of  his  holiness. 
^  IThe  princes  of  the  people  are  gathered  together, 

Even  ^the  people  of  the  God  of  Abraham ; 

For  the  shields  of  the  earth  belong  unto  God  : 

He  is  greatly  exalted. 


*  Heb.  many,  or, 
great  isles. 

a  Is.  60.  9. 

*  1  Ki.  8.  12. 

f  Or,  establish- 
ment. 

c  Ps.  18.  8.  Da.  7. 
10.  Hab.3.  5. 

d  Ex.  19.  18. 


eJu.  5.  5.  Mic.  1. 
4.  Nah.  1.  5. 


PSALM  XCVII.  PSALM   XCVII. 

The  majesty   of  God's   kins^doin.     7  The    Church  rejoiceth  at    God's  judgments  upon  idolators. 
10  All  exhortation  to  godliness  and  gladness. 

^  The  Lord  reigneth — let  the  earth  rejoice ; 
Let  the  *multitude  of  "isles  be  glad  thereof. 

^  Clouds  'and  darkness  are  round  about  him : 
Righteousness  and  judgment  are  the  thabitation  of  his  throne. 
^  A  'fire  goeth  before  him. 

And  burneth  up  his  enemies  round  about. 
"*  His  ''lightnings  enlightened  the  world : 

The  earth  saw  and  trembled. 
^  The  'hills  melted  like  wax  at  the  presence  of  the  Lord, 

At  the  presence  of  the  Lord  of  the  whole  earth. 
^  The  -^heavens  declare  his  righteousness, 

And  all  the  people  see  his  glory. 
■^  Confounded  °be  all  they  that  serve  graven  images, 
That  boast  themselves  of  idols : 
Worship  ''him,  all  ye  gods  ! 

^  Zion  heard,  and  was  glad  ; 
And  the  daughters  of  Judah  rejoiced 
Because  of  thy  judgments,  O  Lord. 
^  For  thou.  Lord,  art  high  above  all  the  earth :  v 

Thou  'art  exalted  far  above  all  gods. 

^"  Ye  that  love  the  Lord,  •'hate  evil : 
He  ^preserveth  the  souls  of  his  saints  ; 
He  'delivereth  them  out  of  the  hand  of  the  wicked. 
^^  Light  '"is  sown  for  the  righteous, 

And  gladness  for  the  upright  in  heart. 
^^  Rejoice  in  the  Lord,  ye  righteous  ; 

And  give  thanks  tat  the  remembrance  of  his  holiness. 


/Ps.  19.  1. 
g  Ex.  20.  ^ 
A  He.  1.6. 


i  Ex.  18.  11. 

j  Am.  5.  15.  Ro. 

12.9. 
k  Ps.  31.  23.  Pr. 

2.8. 
I  Da.  3.  28.  &  6. 

22,27. 
m  Job  22.  28.  Pr. 

4.  18. 


PS.   XCVIII. 


a  Ex.  15.  11. 
6  Ex.  15.  6.  Is. 

59.  16. 
c  Is.  52.  10.  Lu. 

2.  30,  31. 

d  Is.  62.  2.  Ro. 

3.  25,  26. 

*  Or,  revealed. 
eLu.  1.54,55,72. 
fU.  49.  6.  &52. 

10.  Lu.  2.30,31. 

&.  3.  6.  Ac.  13. 

47.  &  28.  28. 


PSALM  xcvin. 

The  psalmist  exhorteth  the  Jews,  4  the  Gentiles,  7  and  all  the  creatures  to  praise  God 
A  Psalm. 

^  O  sing  unto  the  Lord  a  new  song ; 
For  "he  hath  done  marvellous  things : 
His  ''right  hand,  and  his  holy  arm. 
Hath  gotten  him  the  victory. 
The  "Lord  hath  made  known  his  salvation : 

His  "^righteousness  hath  he  *openly  showed  in  the  sight  of  the  heathen 
He  hath  'remembered  his  mercy  and  his  truth 
Toward  the  house  of  Israel : 
All  ^the  ends  of  the  earth  have  seen  the  salvation  of  our  God. 


556 


PSAUklS  OxN  REMOVING  THE  ARK  INTO  THE  TEMPLE.     [Period  V. 


g  la.  55.  12. 

A  See  Ge.  18.  25. 


PSALJI  XCIX. 


a  Ex.  25.  22. 
*  Heb.  stagger. 


d  Ex.  14.  15.  & 
15.25.  1  Sa.  7. 
9.  &  12.  18. 

e  Ex.  33.  9. 


/\u.  14.  20.  Jc. 
46.  28.  Ze.  3.  7. 


*  Ps.  145,  title, 
t  Or,  Thavka- 
giving. 
X  Heb.  the  earth. 


a  Vs.  119.73.  Ep. 
2.  10. 
*  Or,  and  his  we 

b  Ps  95.  7.  Ez. 
34.30,31. 


f  Heb.  to  genera- 
tion and  genera- 
tion. Ps.  89.  1. 


'  Heb./ounrf. 


•*  Make  a  joyful  noise  unto  the  Lord,  all  the  earth  : 

Make  a  loud  noise,  and  rejoice,  and  sing  praise. 
^  Sing  unto  the  Lord  with  the  haq? ; 

With  the  harp,  and  the  voice  of  a  psalm. 
^  With  trumpets  and  sound  of  cornet 

Make  a  joyful  noise  before  the  Lord,  the  King. 
'  Let  the  sea  roar,  and  the  fulness  thereof; 

The  world,  and  they  that  dwell  therein. 
^  Let  the  floods  ''clap  their  hands : 

Let  the  hills  be  joyful  together  '•*  before  the  Lord  ; 

For  ''he  cometh  to  judge  the  earth  : 

With  righteousness  shall  he  judge  the  world, 

And  the  people  with  equity. 

PSALM   XCIX. 

Tlie  prophet,  setting  forth  the  kingdom  of  God  in  Zion,  5  exhorteth  all,  by  tlie  example  of  their  fore- 
fuiliers,  to  worship  God  at  his  holy  hill. 

^  The  Lord  reigneth — let  the  people  tremble  : 

He  "sitteth  between  the  cherubim — let  the  earth  *be  moved. 
2  The  Lord  is  great  in  Zion  ; 

And  he  is  high  above  all  people. 
^  Let  them  praise  Hhy  great  and  terrible  name ; 

For  it  is  holy. 
^  The  'king's  Strength  also  loveth  judgment ; 

Thou  dost  estabhsh  equity, 

Thou  executest  judgment  and  righteousness  in  Jacob. 
^  Exalt  ye  the  Lord  our  God, 

And  worship  at  his  footstool ; 

For  the  is  holy. 

^  Moses  and  Aaron  among  his  priests. 

And  Samuel  among  them  that  call  upon  his  name  ; 

They  '^called  upon  the  Lord,  and  he  answered  them. 
■^  He  'spake  unto  them  in  the  cloudy  pillar : 

They  kept  his  testimonies,  and  the  ordinance  that  he  gave  them. 
^  Thou  answeredst  them,  O  Lord  our  God  ! 

Thou  Avast  a  God  that  forgavest  them, 

Though  'thou  tookest  vengeance  of  their  inventions. 
^  Exalt  the  Lord  our  God, 

And  worship  at  his  holy  hill ; 

For  the  Lord  our  God  is  holy. 

PSALM  C. 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God  cheerfully,  3  for  his  greatness,  4  and  for  his  power. 
*A  Psalm  of  fPraise. 

^  Make  a  joyful  noise  unto  the  Lord,  all  tye  lands. 
2  Serve  the  Lord  with  gladness : 

Come  before  his  presence  with  singing. 
^  Know  ye  that  the  Lord  he  is  God  : 

It  "is  he  tliat  hath  made  us,  *and  not  we  ourselves  ; 

We  'are  his  people,  and  the  sheep  of  his  pasture. 
*  Enter  into  his  gates  with  thanksgiving, 

And  into  his  courts  with  praise  : 

Be  thankful  unto  him,  and  bless  his  name. 
^  For  the  Lord  is  good  ; 

His  mercy  is  everlasting  ; 

And  his  truth  endureth  tto  all  generations. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  priests  were  come  out  of  2  Ch.  v.  11-14. 
the  holy  place  ;  (for  all  the  priests  that  were  *present  were  sanctified, 


Part  III.] 


PSALMS  ON  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


557 


J  1  Ch.  15.  24. 


and  did  not  then  wait  by  course;  ^'^also  "the  Levites  which  were  the 
singers,  all  of  them  of  Asaph,  of  Henian,  of  Jeduthun,  with  their  sons 
and  their  brethren,  being  arrayed  in  white  linen,  having  cymbals  and  psal- 
teries and  harps,  stood  at  the  east  end  of  the  altar,  ''and  with  them  an  hun- 
dred and  twenty  priests  sounding  with  trumpets  ;)  ^^  it  came  even  to 
pass,  as  the  trumpeters  and  singers  were  as  one,  to  make  one  sound  to 
be  heard  in  praising  and  thanking  the  Lord  ;  and  when  they  lifted  up 
their  voice  with  the  trumpets  and  cymbals  and  instruments  of  music,  and 
praised  the  Lord,  saying,  "  For  'he  is  good,  for  his  mercy  endureth 
for  ever;"  that  then  the  house  was  filled  with  a  cloud,  even  the  house 
of  the  Lord,  ^^  so  that  the  priests  could  not  stand  to  minister  by  reason 
of  the  cloud  ;  ''for  the  glory  of  the  Lord  had  filled  the  house  of  God. 


b  Ex.  19.  5.  De. 
7.  6,  7.  &  10. 15. 


c  Je.  10.  13. 

d  Job  28.  25,  26. 

Ze.  10.  1. 
e  Job  38.  22. 
/Ex.  12.  12,29. 
*  Heb.  Frmn  man 

unto  beast.  Ex. 

vii. — xiv. 


t  Ex.  3.  15. 

f  Heb.  to  genera- 
tion and  genera- 
tion. 

j  De.  32.  26. 

a  i.  e.  will  plead 
the  cause  of. — 
Kd. 

b  i.  e.  recall  his 
sentence. — Ed. 


Psalms  on  the  Dedication  of  Solomon's  Temple. 

PSALM   CXXXV. 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God/or  his  mercy,  5  for  his  power,  Sfor  his  judgments.     15  Tlie  vanity 
of  idols.     19  An  exhortation  to  bless  God. 

^  Praise  ye  the  Lord. 

Praise  ye  the  name  of  the  Lord  ; 

Praise  him,  O  ye  servants  of  the  Lord  ! 
^  Ye  "that  stand  in  the  house  of  the  Lord, 

In  the  courts  of  the  house  of  our  God, 
^  Praise  the  Lord  ;  for  the  Lord  is  good : 

Sing  praises  unto  his  name  ;  for  it  is  pleasant. 
^  For  'the  Lord  hath  chosen  Jacob  unto  himself, 

And  Israel  for  his  peculiar  treasure. 
^  For  I  know  that  the  Lord  is  great, 

And  that  our  Lord  is  above  all  gods. 
^  Whatsoever  the  Lord  pleased,  that  did  he 

In  heaven,  and  in  earth. 

In  the  seas,  and  all  deep  places. 
'''  He  "causeth  the  vapors  to  ascend  from  the  ends  of  the  earth ; 

He  ''maketh  lightnings  for  the  rain  ; 

He  bringeth  the  wind  out  of  his  'treasuries : 
^  Who  -^smote  the  firstborn  of  Egypt, 

*Both  of  man  and  beast : 
^  Who  sent  tokens  and  wonders  into  the  midst  of  thee,  O  Egypt ! 

Upon  Pharaoh,  and  upon  all  his  servants : 
^^  Who  "smote  great  nations, 

And  slew  mighty  kings  ; 
^^  Sihon  king  of  the  Amorites, 

And  Og  king  of  Bashan, 

And  ''all  the  kingdoms  of  Canaan : 
^^  And  gave  their  land  for  a  heritage, 

A  heritage  unto  Israel  his  people. 
^3  Thy  'name,  O  Lord  !  endureth  for  ever  ; 

And  thy  memorial,  O  Lord  !  fthroughout  all  generations. 
^*  For  ^the  Lord  will  ''judge  his  people. 

And  he  will  Vepent  himself  concerning  his  servants. 
^^  The  idols  of  the  heathen  are  silver  and  gold, 

The  work  of  men's  hands. 
^^  They  have  mouths — but  they  speak  not ; 

Eyes  have  they — but  they  see  not ; 
^''  They  have  ears — but  they  hear  not ; 

Neither  is  there  any  breath  in  their  mouths. 
^^  They  that  make  them  are  like  unto  them  : 

So  is  every  one  that  trusteth  in  them. 

2u* 


558 


PSALAIS  ON  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE.  [Piriod  V. 


PS.   CXXXVI. 


iGe.  1.  1.   Pr.  3. 
19.  Je.  51.  15. 


>Ge.  1.9.  Jc.  10. 
12. 


*  Heb.  for  the 
ridings  by  day. 
Ge.  1.  16. 


e  Ex.  12.  51.  &. 
13.  3,  17. 


/Ex.  14.  21,  22. 


t  Heb.  shaked  off. 
Ex.  14.  27. 


B  Ex.  13.  18.  & 
15.  22.  De.  8. 15 


i  Na.  21.  21,  33. 


i  Jos.  12.  1,  tc. 


A  Ge.  8. 1.  De. 
32.36. 


^3  Bless  the  Lord,  O  house  of  Israel ! 
Bless  the  Lord,  O  house  of  Aaron  ! 

20  Bless  the  Lord,  O  house  of  Levi ! 

Ye  that  fear  the  Lord,  bless  the  Lord  ! 

21  Blessed  be  the  Lord  out  of  Zion, 
Which  dwelleth  at  Jerusalem  ! 
Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM    CXXXVI. 

An  exhortation  to  give  thanks  to  God  for  particular  mercies. 

1  O  give  thanks  unto  the  Lord  ;  for  he  is  good : 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever ! 

2  O  give  thanks  unto  the  God  of  gods  ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever  ! 

3  O  give  thanks  to  the  Lord  of  lords ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever ! 

^  To  Him  who  alone  doeth  great  wonders ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
^  To  "Him  that  by  wisdom  made  the  heavens  ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
6  To  ''Him  that  stretched  out  the  earth  above  the  waters ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
■^  To  'Him  that  made  great  lights ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever : 
^  The  sun  *to  rule  by  day  ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever : 
9  The  moon  and  stars  to  rule  by  night ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

10  To  ''Him  that  smote  Egypt  in  their  firstborn  ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
1^  And  'brought  out  Israel  from  among  them  ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever : 

12  With  a  strong  hand,  and  with  a  stretched-out  arm  ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

13  To  -^Him  which  divided  the  Red  Sea  into  parts  ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever : 

1-^  And  made  Israel  to  i)ass  through  the  midst  of  it ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever : 

15  But  f overthrew  Pharaoh  and  his  host  in  the  Red  Sea ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

16  To  "'Him  which  led  his  people  through  the  wilderness ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

1^  To  Him  which  smote  great  kings ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
IS  And  ''slew  famous  kings  ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

19  Sihon  'king  of  the  Amorites  ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

20  And  Og  the  king  of  Bashan ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

21  And  ^gave  their  land  for  a  heritage  ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

22  Even  a  heritage  unto  Israel  his  servant ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 

23  Who  *^remembered  us  in  our  low  estate ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
24  And  hath  redeemed  us  from  our  enemies ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 


Part  III.]  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE.  559 

I  See  Ge.  1. 29.    25  ^j^^  'giveth  food  to  all  flesli ; 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
26  Q  grjve  thanks  unto  the  God  of  heaven ; 
For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever  1 

^Then  the  king  and  all  the  people  offered  ^^'sacrifices  2  Chron. 
before  the  Lord.  ^  And  king  Solomon  offered  a  sacrifice  of  ^"'  '^~^' 
twenty  and  two  thousand  oxen,  and  an  hundred  and  twenty  thousand 
sheep :  so  the  king  and  all  the  people  dedicated  the  house  of  God. 
^  And  the  priests  waited  on  their  offices :  the  Levites  also  with  instru- 
ments of  music  of  the  Lord,  which  David  the  king  had  made  to  praise 
the  Lord,  because  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever,  when  David  praised 

'Heh.hand.  \yy  ti^gjj.  «niinistry  ;  and  the  priests  sounded  trumpets  before  them,  and 
all  Israel  stood.  '''Moreover  Solomon  hallowed  the  middle  of  the  court 
that  was  before  the  house  of  the  Lord  :  for  there  he  offered  burnt 
offerings,  and  the  fat  of  the  peace  offerings,  because  the  brazen  altar 
which  Solomon  had  made  was  not  able  to  receive  the  burnt  offerings, 
and  the  meat  offerings,  and  the  fat.   ^  Then  said  Solomon, — 

ahe.  16.2.  u  'j'f^g  LoRD  hath  Said  that  he  would  dwell  in  the  "thick    2  Chron.  vi. 

darkness  !  ^  But  I  have  built  a  house  of  habitation  for  thee,  ^'  ^' 

and  a  place  for  thy  dwelling  for  ever."  =^  And  the  king  turned  his  face, 
and  blessed  the  whole  congregation  of  Israel :  and  all  the  congregation 
of  Israel  stood.  ■*  And  he  said, — "  Blessed  be  the  Lord  God  of  Israel, 
who  hath  with  his  hands  fulfilled  that  which  he  spake  with  his  mouth 
to  my  father  David,  saying,  ^ '  Since  the  day  that  I  brought  forth  my 
people  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  I  chose  no  city  among  all  the  tribes 
of  Israel  to  build  a  house  in,  that  my  name  might  be  there  ;  neither 
chose  I  any  man  to  be  a  ruler  over  my  people  Israel :  '^  but  I  have 
chosen  Jerusalem,  that  my  name  might   be  there ;  and   have  chosen 

j2Sa.7.2.  David  to  be  over  my  people  Israel.'  ^Now  ''it  was  in  the  heart  of 
David  my  father  to  build  a  house  for  the  name  of  the  Lord  God  of 
Israel.  ^  But  the  Lord  said  to  David  my  father,  '  Forasmuch  as  it  was 
in  thy  heart  to  build  a  house  for  my  name,  thou  didst  well  in  that  it 
was  in  thy  heart ;  ^  notwithstanding  thou  shalt  not  build  the  house, 
but  thy  son  which  shall  come  forth  out  of  thy  loins,  he  shall  build  the 
house  for  my  name.'  ^^  The  Lord  therefore  hath  performed  his  word 
that  he  hath  spoken  ;  for  I  am  risen  up  in  the  room  of  David  my  father, 
and  am  set  on  the  throne  of  Israel,  as  the  Lord  promised,  and  have 
built  the  house  for  the  name  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel.  ^^  And  in  it 
have  I  put  the  ark,  wherein  is  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  that  he  made 
with  the  children  of  Israel." 

^^  And  he  stood  before  the  altar  of  the  Lord  in  the  presence  of  all 
the  congregation  of  Israel,  and  spread  forth  his  hands.  ^^Yor  Solomon 

^t^eo/'^c!"^'^  ^^^^^  made  a  brazen  scaffold,  of  five  cubits  tlong,  and  five  cubits  broad, 
and  three  cubits  high,  and  had  set  it  in  the  midst  of  the  court ;  and 
upon  it  he  stood,  and  kneeled  down  upon  his  knees  before  all  the  con- 
gregation of  Israel,  and  spread  forth  his  hands  toward  heaven,  i"*  and 
said, — 

%^39^^  y^-g^"-  "  O  Lord  God  of  Israel,  'there  is  no  God  like  thee  in  the  heaven, 
nor  in  the  earth,  which   keepest  covenant,  and   showest  mercy  unto 

di  ch.  22.9.  thy  servants,  that  walk  before  thee  with  all  their  hearts  ;  ^^  thou  ''which 
hast  kept  with  thy  servant  David  my  father  that  which  thou  hast  prom- 

(«)  It  was  the  custom  both  among  the  Jews,  and,  first  offered.     The  events  of  this  third  part  then 

before  them,  among  the  patriarchs,  to  offer  the  sac-  would  have  taken  place  in  the  order  in  which  they 

rifice,  and  then  to  make  their  prayer.    Immediately  are   here   arranged;  the   ark   is  removed   into  the 

after   Solomon's   prayer,  we  read   that   the  fire  de-  temple — the  sacrifices  arc  slain — the  prayer  is  made 

scended  and  consumed   the   sacrifices  ;    which,  in  —and  the  fire  descends  to  prove  that  these  services 

compliance  with  the  usual  custom,  must  have  been  were  accepted  by  the  God  of  Israel. 


560 


THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


[Period  V. 


e  2  Sa.  7.  12,  16. 
J  Heb.  a  man  be 

cut  off. 
fPs.  rJ2.  12. 


g  Is.  66.  1.  Ac. 
7.49. 


*  Or,  in  this 
place. 


■f  Heb.  pray. 


J  Heb.  and  he 
require  an  oath 


Or,  be  smitten. 


t  Or,  toward. 


AlKi.  17.  1. 


I  Heb.  in  the 
land  of  their 
gates. 


t  Heb.  all  the 

days  ichich. 
J  Heb.  upon  the 

face  of  the  land. 


*  Heb.  thy  name 
is  called  upon 
this  house. 


ised  him ;  and  spakest  with  thy  mouth,  and  hast  fulfilled  it  with  thy 
hand,  as  it  is  this  day.  ^'^Now  therefore,  O  Lord  God  of  Israel !  keep 
with  thy  servant  David  my  father  that  which  thou  hast  promised  him, 
saying,  '  There  'shall  not  Ifail  thee  a  man  in  my  sight  to  sit  upon  the 
throne  of  Israel ;  -^yet  so  that  thy  children  take  heed  to  their  way  to 
walk  in  my  Law,  as  thou  hast  walked  before  me.'  ^"  Now  then,  O  Lord 
God  of  Israel !  let  thy  word  be  verified,  which  thou  hast  spoken  unto 
thy  servant  David. 

1^  "  But  will  God  in  very  deed  dwell  with  men  on  the  earth?  ^behold, 
heaven  and  tlie  heaven  of  heavens  cannot  contain  thee  ;  how  much  less 
this  house  which  I  have  built !  ^^  Have  respect  therefore  to  the  prayer  of 
thy  servant,  and  to  his  supplication,  O  Lord  my  God  I  to  hearken  unto 
the  cry  and  the  prayer  which  thy  servant  prayeth  before  thee  ;  ^^  that 
thine  eyes  may  be  open  upon  this  house  day  and  night,  upon  the  place 
whereof  thou  hast  said  that  thou  wouldest  put  thy  name  there ;  to 
hearken  unto  the  prayer  which  thy  servant  prayeth  *  toward  this  place. 
-^  Hearken  therefore  unto  the  supplications  of  thy  servant,  and  of  thy 
people  Israel,  which  they  shall  tmake  toward  this  place  :  hear  thou  from 
thy  dwelling  place,  even  from  heaven  ;  and  when  thou  hearest,  forgive. 

^^  "  If  a  man  sin  against  his  neighbour,  tand  an  oath  be  laid  upon  him 
to  make  him  swear,  and  the  oath  come  before  thine  altar  in  this  house  ; 
-^  then  hear  thou  from  heaven,  and  do,  and  judge  thy  servants,  by 
requiting  the  wicked,  by  recompensing  his  way  upon  his  own  head  ; 
and  by  justifying  the  righteous,  by  giving  him  according  to  his  right- 
eousness. 

^^ "  And  if  thy  people  Israel  *be  put  to  the  worse  before  the  enemy, 
because  they  have  sinned  against  thee  ;  and  shall  return  and  confess 
thy  name,  and  pray  and  make  supplication  before  thee  tin  this  house  ; 
-^  then  hear  thou  from  the  heavens,  and  forgive  the  sin  of  thy  people 
Israel,  and  bring  them  again  unto  the  land  which  thou  gavest  to  them 
and  to  their  fathers. 

26  u  "When  ''the  heaven  is  shut  up,  and  there  is  no  rain,  because  they 
have  sinned  against  thee  ;  yet  if  they  pray  toward  this  place,  and  con- 
fess thy  name,  and  turn  from  their  sin,  when  thou  dost  afflict  them  ; 
^'^  then  hear  thou  from  heaven,  and  forgive  the  sin  of  thy  servants,  and 
of  thy  people  Israel,  when  thou  hast  taught  them  the  good  way,  wherein 
they  should  walk  ;  and  send  rain  upon  thy  land,  which  thou  hast  given 
unto  thy  people  for  an  inheritance. 

-^  "If  there  'be  dearth  in  the  land,  if  there  be  pestilence,  if  there  be 
blasting,  or  mildew,  locusts,  or  caterpillars  ;  if  their  enemies  besiege 
them  tin  the  cities  of  their  land  ;  whatsoever  sore  or  whatsoever  sick- 
ness there  be  ;  --^  then  what  prayer  or  what  supplication  soever  shall  be 
made  of  any  man,  or  of  all  thy  people  Israel,  when  every  one  shall 
know  his  own  sore  and  his  own  grief,  and  shall  spread  forth  his  hand 
*in  this  house  :  ''*'  then  hear  thou  from  heaven  thy  dwelling  place,  and 
forgive,  and  render  unto  every  man  according  unto  all  his  ways,  whose 
heart  thou  knowest,  (for  thou  only  knowest  the  hearts  of  the  children 
of  men)  ;  ^^  that  they  may  fear  thee,  to  walk  in  thy  ways,  tso  long  as 
they  live  tin  the  land  which  thou  gavest  unto  our  fathers. 

^"- "  Moreover  concerninir  the  stranger,  ^which  is  not  of  thy  people 
Israel,  but  is  come  from  a  far  country  for  thy  great  name's  sake,  and  thy 
mighty  hand,  and  thy  stretched-out  arm  ;  if  they  come  and  pray  in  this 
hou.se  ;  ^^  then  hear  thou  from  the  heavens,  even  from  thy  dwelling  place, 
and  do  according  to  all  that  the  stranger  calleth  to  thee  for ;  that  all  peo- 
ple of  the  earth  may  know  thy  name,  and  fear  thee,  as  doth  thy  people 
Israel,  and  may  know  that  *this  house  which  I  have  built  is  called  by 
thy  name. 


Part  III.]  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE.  561 

^*  "  If  thy  people  go  out  to  war  against  their  enemies  by  the  way  that 

thou  shalt  send  them,  and  they  pray  unto  thee  toward  this  city  which 

tliou  hast  chosen,  and  the  house  which  I  have  built  for  thy  name  ;  ^Hiien 

liear  thou  from  the  heavens  their  prayer  and  their  supplication,  and 

t  Or,  right.  maintain  their  tcause. 

V!>u' ja^3^2  ^'^  "  If  they  sin  against  thee,  (for  there  is  *no  man  which  sinneth  not,) 

ijo.i.'s.  ■  ■     and  thou  be  angry  with  them,  and  deliver  them  over  before  their  ene- 
t  Heb.  t/iey  that    mies,  and  tthey  carry  them  away  captives  unto  a  land  far  off  or  near  ; 
farnj  ti"e,Tam"ay.  37  ygt  if  they  *  bethink  thcmsclves  in  the  land  whither  they  are  carried 
*^thcirh!^t"^  captive,  and  turn  and  pray  unto  thee  in  the  land  of  their  captivity, 
saying,  We   have   sinned,  we  have  done  amiss,  and  have  dealt  wick- 
edly ;  ^^  if  they  return  to  thee  with  all  their  heart  and  with  all  their  soul 
in  the  land  of  their  captivity,  whither  they  have  carried  them  captives, 
and  pray  toward  their  land,  which  thou  gavest  unto  their  fathers,  and 
toward  the  city  which  thou  hast  chosen,  and  toward  the  house  which 
I  have  built  for  thy  name  ;  ^9  then  hear  thou  from  the  heavens,  even 
from  thy  dwelling  place,  their  prayer  and  their  supplications,  and  main- 
t  Or,  right.         ^^jj-j  ^jjg-j.  f cause,  and  forgive  thy  people  which  have  sinned  against  thee, 
^foT^e'.^'^''     ^"and  'give  them    compassion  before  them  who  carried    i  Kings  viii. 
them  captive,  that  they  may  have  compassion  on  them;     pt- v.50 to 61. 
,«De^9.29.Neh.  51  fo^  "'they  be  thy  people,  and  thine  inheritance,  which  thou  broughtest 
«  De.  4. 20.  Je.     forth  out  of  Egypt,  "from  the  midst  of  the  furnace  of  iron  ;  ^^  that  thine 
"■  ^"  eyes  may  be  open  unto  the  supplication  of  thy  servant,  and  unto  the  sup- 

plication of  thy  people  Israel,  to  hearken  unto  them  in  all  that  they 
call  for  unto  thee.  ^^  For  thou  didst  separate  them  from  among  all  the 
0  Ex.  19. 5.  De.  people  of  the  earth,  to  be  thine  inheritance,  °as  thou  spakest  by  the 
hand  of  Moses  thy  servant,  when  thou  broughtest  our  fathers  out  of 
Egypt,  O  Lord  God." 

^4  And  it  was  so,  that  when  Solomon  had  made  an  end  of  praying 

all  this  prayer  and  supplication  unto  the  Lord,  he  arose  from  before 

the  altar  of  the  Lord,  from  kneeUng  on  his  knees  with  his  hands  spread 

p2Sa.  6.18.       up  to  heaven.  ^^And  he  stood, ''and   blessed  all  the  congregation  of 

Israel  with  a  loud  voice,  saying, — 

56  "  Blessed  be  the  Lord,  that  hath  given  rest  unto  his  people  Israel, 

^^Fu'il'&ls^u.  according  to  all  that  he  promised  :   'there  hath  not  t failed  one  word 

XHeb.fuUcn.       of  all  his  good  promise,  which  he  promised  by  the  hand  of  Moses  his 

servant.  ^^  The  Lord  our  God  be  with  us,  as  he  was  with  our  fathers : 

rDe.si.e.  Jos.    q^^  j^-^^  ^^^^  j^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  forsakc  us  :  ^Hhat  he  may  incline  our  hearts 

unto  him,  to  walk  in  all  his  ways,  and  to  keep  his  commandments, 

and  his  statutes,  and  his  judgments,  which  he  commanded  our  fathers. 

^'^  And  let  these  my  words,  wherewith  I  have  made  supplication  before 

the  Lord,  be  nigh  unto  the  Lord  our  God  day  and  night,  that  he 

*^Heb.jAe  tAi«a-    maintain  the  cause  of  his  servant,  and  the  cause  of  his  people  Israel  *at 

day.  '"■'"'  "     all  times,  as  the  matter  shall  require  :  ^^  that  'all  the  people  of  the  earth 

'n.'46!"lKi!  il!"  may  know  that  'the  Lord  is  God,  and  that  there  is  none  else.  ^^^  Let 

19-  your  "heart  therefore  be  perfect  with  the  Lord  our  God,  to  walk  in  his 

1°  k^'iKm.   statutes,  and  to  keep  his  commandments,  as  at  this  day.  '"^  Now,  my 

2Ki.2o.3.'       God,  let,  I  beseech  thee,  thine  eyes  be  open,  and  let  thine    2  Chron.  vi. 

^^ray^V'uiis      ^^^^  ^®  ^"^"^^  ^""^°  ^^^  praycr  that  is  made  in  this  place.    40,  to  the  end. 

ITai^"     '       41  ]\jQ^y  therefore  arise,  O  Lord  God  !  into  thy  resting  place,  thou,  and 

the  ark  of  thy  strength  :  let  thy  priests,  O  Lord  God !  be  clothed  with 

salvation,  and  let  thy  saints  rejoice  in  goodness.  ^^O  Lord  God  !  turn 

not  away  the  face  of  thine  anointed :  remember  the  mercies  of  David 

thy  servant." 

"e^li.'i  Ki.'rs.         '  Now  when  Solomon  had  made  an  end  of  praying,  "the  ^^3^"^°  Vio! 

38. 1  ch.  21. 26.  f^j.g  came  down   from   heaven,  and  consumed  the  burnt 

v>  Ez.  10. 3, 4.      Qfj-g,.jj^g  .^^^^  j.}^g   sacrifices  ;  and  "the  glory  of   the   Lord  filled  the 

VOL.    I.  71 


562 


THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


[Period  V, 


house.  ^  And  the  priests  could  not  enter  into  the  house  of  the  Lord, 

because  the  glory  of  the   Lord   had   filled   the   Lord's  house.  ^And 

when  all  the  cliildren  of  Israel  saw  how  the  fire  came  down,  and  the 

glory  of  the  Lord  upon  the  house,  they  bowed  themselves  with  their 

faces  to  the  ground  upon   the  pavement,  and  worshipped,  and  praised 

the  Lord,  saying,  "  For  he  is  good,  for  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever." 

^  Also  at  the  same  time  Solomon  kept  the  feast  seven  days,  and  all 

Israel  with   him,  a  very  great  congregation,  from  the   entering  in  of 

z  Jos.  13. 3.         Hamath  unto  'the  river  of  Egypt.  ^  And  in  the  eighth  day  they  made 

t  Heb.  arestrairu.  |j^  solcmu  asscmbly  ;  for  they  kept  the  dedication  of  the  altar  seven 

days,  and  the  feast  seven  days,  i"  And  on  the  three  and  twentieth  day 

of  the   seventh  month   he  sent  the  people  away  into  their  tents,  glad 

and  merry  in  heart  for  the  goodness  that  the  Lord  had  showed  unto 

David,  and  to  Solomon,  and  to  Israel  his  people. 


a  See,  for  refer- 
ences, the  paral- 
lel passage  ia 
large  type. 

*  Heb.  princes. 


t  Heb.  heads. 
J  Or,  ark .-  as 
2Ch.5.  9. 
*  Or,  where. 


t  Heb.  be  exit  off 
unto  thee  a  man 
from  my  sight. 

%  Heb.  only  if. 


1  Kings  viii.  ],  to  the  middle  of  ver.  50,  and  62,  to  the  end. — iThen  ^Solomon  assembled 
the  elders  of  Israel,  and  all  the  heads  of  the  tribes,  the  'chief  of  the  fathers  of  the  children 
of  Israel,  unto  king  Solomon  in  Jerusalem,  that  they  might  bring  up  the  ark  of  the  cove- 
nant of  the  Lord  out  of  the  city  of  David,  which  is  Zion.  ^  And  all  the  men  of  Israel  assem- 
bled themselves  unto  king  Solomon  at  the  feast  in  the  month  Ethanim,  which  is  the 
seventh  month.  ^  And  all  the  elders  of  Israel  came,  and  the  priests  took  up  the  ark.  *  And 
they  brought  up  the  ark  of  the  Lord,  and  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation,  and  all  the 
holy  vessels  that  were  in  the  tabernacle,  even  those  did  the  priests  and  the  Levites  bring 
up.  *  And  king  Solomon,  and  all  the  congregation  of  Israel,  that  were  assembled  unto  him, 
were  with  him  before  the  ark,  sacrificing  sheep  and  oxen,  that  could  not  be  told  nor 
numbered  for  multitude.  «  And  the  priests  brought  in  the  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord 
unto  his  place,  into  the  oracle  of  the  house,  to  the  most  holy  place,  even  under  the  wings 
of  the  cherubim.  Tor  the  cherubim  spread  forth  their  two  wings  over  the  place  of  the 
ark,  and  the  cherubim  covered  the  ark  and  the  sUves  thereof  above.  "  And  they  drew  out 
the  staves,  that  the  tends  of  the  staves  were  seen  out  in  the  tholy  place  before  the  oracle, 
and  they  were  not  seen  without :  and  there  they  are  unto  this  day.  »  There  was  nothing 
in  the  ark  save  the  two  tables  of  stone,  which  Moses  put  there  at  Horeb,  *when  the  Lord 
made  a  covenant  with  the  children  of  Israel,  when  they  came  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 
^^  And  it  caine  to  pass,  when  the  priests  were  come  out  of  the  holy  place,  that  the  cloud 
filled  the  house  of  the  Lord,  "  so  that  the  priests  could  not  stand  to  minister  because  of 
the  cloud :  for  the  glory  of  the  Lord  had  filled  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^^  Then  spake 
Solomon, — 

"  The  Lord  said  that  he  would  dwell  in  the  thick  darkness.  "  I  have  surely  built  thee 
a  house  to  dwell  in,  a  settled  place  for  thee  to  abide  in  for  ever."  '■»  And  the  king  turned 
his  face  about,  and  blessed  all  the  congregation  of  Israel :  (and  all  the  congregation  of 
Israel  stood  ;)  '^  and  he  said,—"  Blessed  be  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  which  spake  with 
his  mouth  unto  David  my  father,  and  hath  with  his  hand  fulfilled  it,  saying,  '«'  Since  the 
day  that  I  brought  forth  my  people  Israel  out  of  Egypt,  I  chose  no  city  out  of  all  the 
tribes  of  Israel  to  build  a  house,  that  my  name  might  be  tlierein  ;  but  I  chose  David  to  be 
over  my  people  Israel.'  "And  it  was  in  the  heart  of  David  my  father  to  build  a  house 
for  the  name  of  the  Lord  God  of^Israel.  '^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  David  my  father, 
'  Whereas  it  was  in  thy  heart  to  build  a  house  unto  my  name,  thou  didst  well  that  it 
was  in  thy  heart.  '«  Nevertheless  thou  shalt  not  build  tlie  house ;  but  thy  son  that  shall 
come  forth  out  of  thy  loins,  he  shall  build  the  house  unto  my  name.'  =«And  the  Lord 
hath  performed  his  word  that  he  spake,  and  I  am  risen  up  in  the  room  of  David  my  father, 
and  sit  on  the  throne  of  Israel,  as  the  Lord  promised,  and  have  built  a  house  for 
the  name  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel.  2' And  I  have  set  there  a  place  for  tht  ark,  wherein 
is  the  covenant  of  the  Lord,  which  he  made  with  our  fathers,  when  he  brought  them 
out  of  the  land  of  Egypt." 

2*  And  Solomon  stood  before  the  altar  of  the  Lord  in  the  presence  of  all  the  congrega- 
tion of  Israel,  and  spread  forth  his  hands  toward  hea%'en  ;  ^  and  he  said,— 

'•  Lord  God  of  Israel !  there  is  no  God  like  thee,  in  heaven  above,  or  on  earth  beneath, 
who  keepest  covenant  and  mercy  with  thy  servants  that  walk  before  thee  with  all  their 
heart:  =^  who  hast  kept  with  Uiy  servant  David  my  father  that  thou  promisedst  him  :  thou 
spakest  also  with  thy  mouth,  and  hast  fulfilled  it  with  thy  hand,  as  it  is  this  day.  ^  There- 
fore now,  Lord  God  of  Israel,  keep  with  thy  servant  David  my  father  that  tliou  prom- 
isedst him,  saying,  '  There  shall  not  tfail  thee  a  man  in  my  sight  to  sit  on  the  throne  of 
Israel;  tso  that  thy  children  take  heed  to  their  way.  that  they  walk  before  me  as  thou 
hast  walked  before  me.'  «  And  now,  O  God  of  Israel  !  let  thy  word,  I  pray  thee,  be  verified, 
which  thou  spakest  unto  thy  servant  David  my  father. 


Part  III.]  THE  DEDICATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE.  563 

*'  "  But  will  God  indeed  dwell  on  the  earth?  behold,  the  heaven  and  heaven  of  heavens 
cannot  contain  thee ;  how  much  less  this  house  that  I  have  builded  !  ="*  Yet  have  thou  re- 
spect unto  the  prayer  of  thy  servant,  and  to  his  supplication,  O  Lord  my  God,  to  hearken 
unto  the  cry  and  to  the  prayer,  which  thy  servant  prayeth  before  thee  to-day  ;  ^9  that 
thine  eyes  may  be  open  toward  this  house  night  and  day,  even  toward  the  place  of  which 
thou  hast  said,  '  My  name  shall  be  there  ;'  that  thou  mayest  hearken  unto  the  prayer  which 

*  Or,  171  tins  thy  servant  shall  make  ^toward  this  place.  ^^  And  hearken  thou  to  the  supplication  of  thy 
P^"'  servant,  and  of  thy  people  Israel,  when  they  shall  pray  ttoward  this  place  ;  and  hear  thou 
place.  in  heaven  thy  dwelling  place  :  and  when  thou  hearest,  forgive. 

J  Heb.  and  he  re-  ^'  "  If  any  man  trespass  against  his  neighbour,  tand  an  oath  be  laid  upon  him  to  cause 
quire  an  oatk  of  j^j^^  ^^g  swear,  and  the  oath  come  before  thine  altar  in  this  house  ;  ^^  then  hear  thou  in 
1.  '  '    "     heaven,  and  do,  and  judge  thy  servants,  condemning  the  wicked,  to  bring  his  way  upon 

his  head  ;  and  justifying  the  righteous,  to  give  him  according  to  his  righteousness. 

33  a  When  thy  people  Israel  be  smitten  down  before  the  enemy,  because  they  have  sinned 
against  thee,  and  shall  turn  again  to  thee,  and  confess   thy  name,  and   pray,  and  make 

*  Or,  toward.         supplication  unto  thee  "^in  this  house ;  ^*  then  hear  thou  in  heaven,  and  forgive  the  sin 

of  tliy  people  Israel,  and  bring  them  again  unto  the  land  which  thou  gavest  unto  their 
fathers. 

35  u  When  heaven  is  shut  up,  and  there  is  no  rain,  because  they  have  sinned  against  thee ; 
if  they  pray  toward  this  place,  and  confess  thy  name,  and  turn  from  their  sin,  when  thou 
afflictest  them  ;  '■'^  then  hear  thou  in  heaven,  and  forgive  the  sin  of  thy  servants,  and  of 
thy  people  Israel,  that  thou  teach  them  the  good  way  wherein  they  should  walk,  and 
give  rain  upon  thy  land,  which  thou  hast  given  to  thy  people  for  an  inheritance. 

^^"  If  there  be  in  the  land  famine,  if  there  be  pestilence,  blasting,  mildew,  locust,  or  if 
t  Or,  jurisdiction,  there  be  caterpillar;  if  their  enemy  besiege  them  in  the  land  of  their  icities  ;  whatsoever 
plague,  whatsoever  sickness  there  be  ;  ^"  what  prayer  and  supplication  soever  be  made 
by  any  man,  or  by  all  thy  people  Israel,  which  shall  know  every  man  the  plague  of  his 
own  heart,  and  spread  forth  his  hands  toward  this  house  ;  ^^  then  hear  thou  in  heaven 
thy  dwelling  place,  and  forgive,  and  do,  and  give  to  every  man  according  to  his  ways, 
whose  heart  thou  knowest ;  (for  thou,  even  thou  only,  knowest  the  hearts  of  all  the  chil- 
dren of  men  ;)  ""^  that  they  may  fear  thee  all  the  days  that  they  live  in  the  land  which 
thou  gavest  unto  our  fathers. 

^'  "  Moreover  concerning  a  stranger,  that  is  not  of  thy  people  Israel,  but  comethout  of 
a  far  country  for  thy  name's  sake,  *^  (for  they  shall  hear  of  thy  great  name,  and  of  thy 
strong  hand,  and  of  thy  stretched-out  arm)  ;  when  he  shall  come  and  pray  toward  this 
house  ;  **  hear  thou  in  heaven  thy  dwelling  place,  and  do  according  to  all  that  the  stranger 
calleth  to  thee  for  :  that  all  people  of  the  earth  may  know  thy  name,  to  fear  thee,  as  do 
J  Heb.  thy  name     thy  people  Israel ;  and  that  they  may  know   that  +this  house,  which  I   have  builded,  is 

is  called  upon  n    j  i       .u 

this  house  called  by  thy  name. 

■••»"  If  thy  people  go  out  to  battle  against  their  enemy,  whithersoever  thou  shalt  send 

*  Heb.  the  waxj  of  them,  and  shall  pray  unto  the  Lord  *toward  the  city  which  thou  hast  chosen,  and  toward 
'  '  "'''■''  the  house  that  I  have  built  for  thy  name  ;  *'"  then  hear  thou  in  heaven  their  prayer  and 

t  Or,  right.  their  supplication,  and  maintain  their  tcause. 

^  "  If  they  sin  against  thee  (for  there  is  no  man  that  sinneth  not) ,  and  thou  be  angry 
with  them,  and  deliver  them  to  the  enemy,  so  that  they  carry  them  away  captives  unto  the 

J  Heb.  bring  jg,,! J  q{-  the  enemy,  far  or  near  ;  •'■'  yet  if  they  shall  ^bethink  themselves  in  the  land  whither 

heart.  they  were  carried  captives,  and  repent,  and  make  supplication  unto  thee  in   the  land  of 

them  that  carried  them  captives,  saying.  We  have  sinned,  and  have  done  perversely,  we 
have  committed  wickedness  ;  ■»*  and  so  return  unto  thee  with  all  their  heart,  and  with 
all  their  soul,  in  the  land  of  their  enemies,  which  led  them  away  captive,  and  pray  unto 
thee  toward  their  land,  which  thou  gavest  unto  their  fathers,  the  city  which  thou  hast 
chosen,  and  the  house  which   I  have  built  for  thy  name  j  ■'^then  hear  thou  their  prayer 

*  Or,  right.  and   their  supplication  in  heaven  thy  dwelling  place,  and  maintain   their  *cause,  *"  and 

forgive  thy  people  that  have  sinned  against  thee,  and  all  their  transgressions  wherein  they 
have  transgressed  against  thee. — " 

*^  And  the  king,  and  all  Israel  with  him,  offered  sacrifice  before  the  Lord.  ^^  And  Sol- 
omon offered  a  sacrifice  of  peace  offerings,  which  he  offered  unto  the  Lord,  two  and 
twenty  thousand  oxen,  and  an  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  sheep.  So  the  king  and  all 
the  children  of  Israel  dedicated  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^*  The  same  day  did  the  king  hallow 
the  middle  of  the  court  that  was  before  the  house  of  the  Lord  :  for  there  he  offered  burnt 
offerings,  and  meat  offerings,  and  the  fat  of  the  peace  offerings :  because  the  brazen 
altar  that  was  before  the  Lord  was  too  little  to  receive  the  burnt  offerings,  and  meat 
offerings,  and  the  fat  of  the  peace  offerings.  **  And  at  that  time  Solomon  held  a  feast, 
and  all  Israel  with  him,  a  great  congregation,  from  the  entering  in  of  Hamath  unto  the 
t  Or,  thanked.  river  of  Egypt,  before  the  Lord  our  God,  seven  days  and  seven  days,  even  fourteen  days. 
®^  On  tlie  eighth  day  he  sent  the  people  away  ;  and  they  tblessed  the  king,  and  went  unto 
their  tents  joyful  and  glad  of  heart  for  all  the  goodness  that  the  Lord  had  done  for  David 
his  servant,  and  for  Israel  his  people. 


564 


BUILDING  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  LEBANON. 


[Period  V. 


PART    IV 


A.  M.  3003. 
B. C.  1001. 
Lebanon. 


i  Or,  spaces  and 
pillars  were 
square  m  pros- 


*  Or,  according 
to  them. 


I  Heb.  from  floor 
toflAjor. 


*  Heb.  upon 
whom  my  name 
is  called. 


t  Heb.  to  the 
prayer  of  this 
place. 


X  Heb.  6c  cut  off 

to  thee, 
d  he.  26.  14,  33. 

Do   -26.  15,  3G, 

37. 


OTHER  BUILDINGS  AND  MAGNIFICENCE  OF  SOLOMON. 

Section  I. — Building  of  the  House  of  Lebanon ; — God  appears  to  Solomon. 

1  Kings  vii.  1-12. — 2  Chron.  vii.  11,  to  the  end. — 1  Kings  ix.  1-9. 

Tlie  building  of  Solomon's  hmise.  Of  Die  house  of  Lebanon.  Of  the  porch  of  pillars.  Of  the  porch 
of  Judgment.  Of  the  house  for  Pharaoh's  daughter.  God  appearing  to  Solomon  giveth  him  prom- 
ises upon  condition. 

^  BUT  Solomon  was  building  his  own  house  thirteen  years,  and  he 
finished  all  his  house. 

~  He  built  also  the  house  of  the  forest  of  Lebanon  ;  the  length 
thereof  was  an  hundred  cubits,  and  the  breadth  thereof  fifty  cubits, 
and  the  height  thereof  thirty  cubits,  upon  four  rows  of  cedar  pillars, 
with  cedar  beams  upon  the  pillars.  ^  And  it  was  covered  with  cedar 
above  upon  the  *  beams  that  lay  on  forty-five  pillars,  fifteen  in  a  row. 
'*  And  there  were  windows  in  three  rows,  and  flight  was  against  light 
in  three  ranks.  ^  And  all  the  tdoors  and  posts  were  square,  with  the 
windows  ;  and  light  was  against  light  in  three  ranks.  °  And  he  made 
a  porch  of  pillars  ;  the  length  thereof  was  fifty  cubits,  and  the  breadth 
thereof  thirty  cubits :  and  the  porch  was  *before  them ;  and  the  other 
pillars  and  the  thick  beam  were  fbefore  them.  'Then  he  made  a 
porch  for  the  throne  where  he  might  judge,  even  the  porch  of  judgment ; 
and  it  was  covered  with  cedar  tfrom  one  side  of  the  floor  to  the  other. 
^  And  his  house  where  he  dwelt  had  another  court  within  the  porch, 
which  was  of  the  like  work. 

Solomon  made  also  a  house  for  Pharaoh's  daughter,  "whom  he  had 
taken  to  wife,  like  unto  this  porch. 

^  All  these  were  of  costly  stones,  according  to  the  measures  of  hewed 
stones,  sawed  with  saws,  within  and  without,  even  from  the  foundation 
unto  the  coping,  and  so  on  the  outside  toward  the  great  court.  ^*^  And 
the  foundation  was  of  costly  stones,  even  great  stones,  stones  of  ten 
cubits,  and  stones  of  eight  cubits.  ^^  And  above  were  costly  stones, 
after  the  measures  of  hewed  stones,  and  cedars.  ^'^  And  the  great  court 
round  about  was  with  three  rows  of  hewed  stones,  and  a  row  of  cedar 
beams,  both  for  the  inner  court  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  for  the 
porch  of  the  house. 

^^  Thus  Solomon  finished  the  house  of  the   Lord,  and    2  Chron.  vii. 
the  king's  house  :  and  all  that  came  into  Solomon's  heart       ' 
to  make  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  in  his  own  house,  he  prosper- 
ously effected. 

^-  And  the  Lord  appeared  to  Solomon  by  night,  and  said  unto  him, — 
"  I  have  heard  thy  prayer,  and  'have  chosen  this  place  to  myself  for 
a  house  of  sacrifice.  ^^  If  I  shut  up  heaven  that  there  be  no  rain,  or  if 
I  command  the  locusts  to  devour  the  land,  or  if  I  send  pestilence  among 
my  people  ;  ^"^  if  my  people,  *which  are  called  by  my  name,  shall  'hum- 
ble themselves,  and  pray,  and  seek  my  face,  and  turn  from  their  wicked 
ways  ;  then  will  I  hear  from  heaven,  and  will  forgive  their  sin,  and  will 
heal  their  land.  ^^'Now  mine  eyes  shall  be  ojien,  and  mine  cars  attent 
tunto  the  prayer  that  is  made  in  this  place.  '''  For  now  have  I  chosen 
and  sanctified  this  house,  that  my  name  may  be  there  for  ever ;  and 
mine  eyes  and  my  heart  shall  be  there  perpetually.  ^'^  And  as  for  thee, 
if  thou  wilt  walk  before  me,  as  David  thy  father  walked,  and  do  accord- 
ing to  all  that  I  have  commanded  thee,  and  shalt  observe  my  statutes 
and  my  judgments  ;  ^^  then  will  I  stablish  the  throne  of  thy  kingdom, 
according  as  I  have  covenanted  with  David  thy  father,  saying,  '  There 
shall  not  tfail  thee  a  man  to  be  ruler  in  Israel.'  ^'^But  ''if  ye  turn  away, 
and  forsake  my  statutes  and  my   commandments,  which  I  have  set 


Part  IV.] 


CONQUESTS,  &c.  OF  SOLOMON. 


561 


iDe.  29-2-1. 

22.  8,  9. 


a  See  for  refer- 
ences the  paral- 
lel passage  ia 
large  type. 


before  you,  and  shall  go  and  serve  other  gods,  and  worship  them ; 
2*^  then  will  I  pluck  them  up  by  the  roots  out  of  my  land  which  I  have 
given  them ;  and  this  house,  which  I  have  sanctified  for  my  name,  will 
I  cast  out  of  my  sight,  and  will  make  it  to  be  a  proverb  and  a  byword 
among  all  nations.  -^  And  this  house,  which  is  high,  shall  be  an  aston- 
ishment to  every  one  that  passeth  by  it ;  so  that  he  shall  say,  'Why 
hath  the  Lord  done  thus  unto  this  land  and  unto  this  house  ?  ^-  And 
it  shall  be  answered,  Because  they  forsook  the  Lord  God  of  their  fa- 
thers, which  brought  them  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  and  laid  hold 
on  other  gods,  and  worshipped  them,  and  served  them  :  therefore  hath 
he  brought  all  this  evil  upon  them." 

1  Kings  ix.  1-9. — '  And^it  came  to  pass,  when  Solomon  had  finished  the  building  of  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  king's  house,  and  all  Solomon's  desire  which  he  was  pleased 
to  do,  2  that  the  Lord  appeared  to  Solomon  the  second  time,  as  he  had  appeared  unto  him 
at  Gibeon.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him, — 

"  I  have  heard  thy  prayer  and  thy  supplication,  that  thou  hast  made  before  me  :  I  have 
hallowed  this  house,  which  thou  hast  built,  to  put  my  name  there  for  ever ;  and  mine  eyes 
and  my  heart  shall  be  there  perpetually.  ■*  And  if  thou  wilt  walk  before  me,  as  David  thy 
father  walked,  in  integrity  of  heart,  and  in  uprightness,  to  do  according  to  all  that  I  have 
commanded  thee,  and  wilt  keep  my  statutes  and  my  judgments  :  *  then  I  will  establish 
the  throne  of  thy  kingdom  upon  Israel  for  ever,  as  I  promised  to  David  thy  father,  saying, 
'  There  shall  not  fail  thee  a  man  upon  the  throne  of  Israel.'  *But  if  ye  shall  at  all  turn 
from  following  me,  ye  or  your  children,  and  will  not  keep  my  commandments  and  my 
statutes  which  I  have  set  before  you,  but  go  and  serve  other  gods,  and  worship  them ; 
'  then  will  I  cut  off  Israel  out  of  the  land  which  I  have  given  them ;  and  this  house, 
which  I  have  hallowed  for  my  name,  will  I  cast  out  of  my  sight ;  and  Israel  shall  be  a 
proverb  and  a  byword  among  all  people  :  ®  and  at  this  house,  which  is  high,  every  one 
that  passeth  by  it  shall  be  astonished,  and  shall  hiss  ;  and  they  shall  say,  Why  hath  the 
Lord  done  thus  unto  this  land,  and  to  this  house  .'  *  And  they  shall  answer.  Because  they 
forsook  the  Lord  tJieir  God,  who  brought  forth  their  fathers  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  and 
have  taken  hold  upon  other  gods,  and  have  worshipped  them,  and  served  them  :  therefore 
hath  the  Lord  brought  upon  them  all  this  evil." 


A.  M.  3003. 
B.  C.  1001. 
Hales,  1006. 


*  Heb.  were  not 
right  in  his  eyes. 

a  Jos.  19.  27. 

t  That  is,  dis- 
pleasing, or, 
dirty. 


I  Heb.  all  the  de- 
sire of  Solomon 
which  he  desired 
to  build. 


Section    II. — Conquests,  S^c.  of  Solomon. 

1  Kings  ix.  10-14.— 2  Chron.  viii.  1-11.— 1  Kings  ix.  24. 

The  mutual  presents  of  Solomon  and  Hiram.     Solomon's  buildings.     TTie  Gentiles  which  were  left 
Solomon  made  tributaries,  but  the  Israelites  riders.     Pharaoh's  daughter  removeth  to  her  house. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  twenty  years,  when  Solomon 
had  built  the  two  houses,  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  king's  house, 
^^  (now  Hiram  the  king  of  Tyre  had  furnished  Solomon  with  cedar 
trees  and  fir  trees,  and  with  gold,  according  to  all  his  desire,)  that  then 
king  Solomon  gave  Hiram  twenty  cities  in  the  land  of  Galilee.  ^^  And 
Hiram  came  out  from  Tyre  to  see  the  cities  which  Solomon  had  given 
him;  and  they  *pleased  him  not.  ^^And  he  said,  "What  cities  are 
these  which  thou  hast  given  me,  my  brother  !  "  And  "he  called  them 
the  land  of  fCabul  unto  this  day.  ^^  And  Hiram  sent  to  the  king  six- 
score  talents  of  gold. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end  of  twenty  years,  wherein  ^  Chron.  viii. 
Solomon  had  built  the  house  of  the  Lord  and  his  own 
house,  ^  that  the  cities  which  Huram  had  restored  to  Solomon,  Solomon 
built  them,  and  caused  the  children  of  Israel  to  dwell  there.  ^  And 
Solomon  went  to  Hamath-zobah,  and  prevailed  against  it.  ''  And  he 
built  Tadmor  in  the  wilderness,  and  all  the  store  cities,  which  he  built 
in  Hamath.  ^  Also  he  built  Beth-horon  the  upper,  and  Beth-horon  the 
nether,  fenced  cities,  with  walls,  gates,  and  bars  ;  ^  and  Baalath,  and  all 
the  store  cities  that  Solomon  had,  and  all  the  chariot  cities,  and  the 
cities  of  the  horsemen,  and  tall  that  Solomon  desired  to  build  in  Jeru- 
salem, and  in  Lebanon,  and  throughout  all  the  land  of  his  dominion. 

^  As  for  all  the  people  that  were  left  of  the  Hittites,  and  the  Amor- 
ites,  and  the  Perizzites,  and  the  Hivites,  and  the  Jebusites,  which  were 

2v 


566 


THE  SONG  OF  SOLOMON. 


rPERIOD   V. 


•  Heb.  holiness, 
b  2  Sa.  5.  9.  1  Ki. 


A.  M.   3003. 

B.  C.  1001. 


not  of  Israel,  ^  but  of  their  children,  who  were  left  after  them  in  the 
land,  whom  the  children  of  Israel  consumed  not,  them  did  Solomon 
make  to  pay  tribute  until  this  day.  ^  But  of  the  children  of  Israel  did 
Solomon  make  no  servants  for  his  work  ;  but  they  were  men  of  war, 
and  chief  of  his  captains,  and  captains  of  his  chariots  and  horsemen. 
^°  And  these  were  the  chief  of  king  Solomon's  officers,  even  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  that  bare  rule  over  the  people. 

^^  And  Solomon  brought  up  the  daughter  of  Pharaoh  out  of  the  city 
of  David  unto  the  house  that  he  had  built  for  her ;  for  he  said,  "  My 
wife  shall  not  dwell  in  the  house  of  David  king  of  Israel,  because  the 
places  are  *holy,  whereunto  the  ark  of  the  Lord  hath  come." 

^"^  But  Pharaoh's  daughter  came  up  out  of  the  city  of  David  unto  her 
house  which  Solomon  had  built  for  her  :   ''then  did  he  build  Millo. 

Section  III. —  The  Song  of  Solomon.^^ 

Chap.  i.  The  Church's  love  unto  Christ.  5  She  cov/esseth  her  di'formity,  7  and  prayeth  to  be  di- 
rected to  hisjiock.  8  Christ  directeth  her  to  the  shepherds'  tents :  9  and  showing  his  love  fa  her, 
1 1  giveth  her  gracious  promises.  12  Tlie  Chuixh  and  Christ  congratulate  one  another.  —  Chap.  ii. 
1  The  mutual  love  of  Christ  and  his  Church.  8  The  hope,  10  and  calling  of  the  Church.  14 
Christ's  care  of  the  Church.  Ifi  The  profession  of  the  Church,  her  faith  and  hope.  —  Chap.  iii.  1 
The  Church's  fght  and  victory  in  temptation.  6  The  Church  glorieth  in  Christ.  —  Chap.  iv.  1 
Christ  setteth  forth  the  graces  of  the  Church.  8  He  showeth  his  love  to  her.  16  Tlie  Church  pray- 
eth to  be  made  fit  for  his  presence.  —  Chap.  v.  1  Christ  awaketh  the  Church  uith  his  calling.  2 
The  Church  having  a  taste  of  Christ's  love  is  sick  of  love.  9  A  description  of  Christ  by  his 
graces.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  77)6  Church  professeth  her  faith  in  Christ.  4  Christ  shoueth  the  graces  of 
the  Church,  10  atid  his  love  towards  her.  — Chap.  vii.  1  A  further  description  of  the  Church's 
graces.  W  The  Church  professeth  her  faith  and  desire.  —  Chap.  viii.  1  Tlie  love  of  the  CImrch  to 
Christ.  6  The  vehemency  of  love.  8  The  calling  of  the  Gentiles.  14  Tlie  Church  prayeth  for 
Christ's  coming. 

^  The  Song  of   Songs,  which  is  Solomon's. 
[Spouse.] — ^  Let  him  kiss  me  with  the  kisses  of  his  mouth  ; 
For  thy  *love  is  better  than  wine. 
^  Because  of  the  savour  of  thy  good  ointments 
Thy  name  is  as  ointment  poured  forth, 
Therefore  do  the  virgins  love  thee. 
^  Draw  "me,  we  will  run  after  thee  : 
The  king  ''hath  brought  me  into  his  chambers  : 
We  will  be  glad  and  rejoice  in  thee, 
We  will  remember  thy  love  more  than  wine  : 
tThe  upright  love  thee. 

^  I  am  black,  but  comely,  O  ye  daughters  of  Jerusalem  ! 
As  the  tents  of  Kedar,  as  the  curtains  of  Solomon. 
^  Look  not  upon  me,  because  I  am  black. 
Because  the  sun  hath  looked  upon  me  : 
My  mother's  children  were  angry  with  me ; 
They  made  me  the  keeper  of  the  vineyards ; 
But  mine  own  vineyard  have  I  not  kept. 

"  Tell  me,  O  thou  whom  my  soul  loveth !  where  tliou  feedest, 
Where  thou  makest  thy  flock  to  rest  at  noon : 
^tSted*^"  ^^^  ^^'^y  should  I  be  as  one  tthat  turneth  aside  by  the  flocks  of 

,  thy  companions  ? 

[Bridegroom.] — ^  If  thou  know  not,  O  thou  fairest  among  women  ! 
Go  thy  way  forth  by  the  footsteps  of  the  flock, 
And  feed  thy  kids  beside  the  shepherds'  tents. 

C^)  The  Book  of  Canticles  is  inserted  here  on  the 
authority  of  Lightfoot ;  who  observes,  that  it  must 
have  been  composed  after  the  building  of  the  sum- 
mer-house in  the  forest  of  Lebanon.  He  infers  this 
from  chap.  iv.  8.  "  Come  with  me  from  Lebanon, 
my  spouse  ;"  and  chap.  vii.  4.  The  common  opin- 
ion respectinfT  this  much  discussed  book,  that  it  is 
a  mystical  allegory  of  the  union  of  Christ  and  his 
Church,  is  supported  by  the  best  and  most  abund- 


a  Ho.  11.  4.  Jo. 
6.  44.  &  12.  32 
Phil.  3.  12-14. 

6  Ps.  45.  14,  15. 
Jo.  14.  2.  Eph. 


t  Or,  They  love 
thee  uprightly. 


ant  evidence.  No  comparison  is  more  general 
throughout  the  books  of  Scripture,  than  this  of 
marriage,  to  express  the  love  of  God  to  his  Church. 
For  a  full  account  of  this  beautiful  dramatic  poem, 
the  various  opinions  which  have  been  entertained 
respecting  it,  and  the  division  of  its  contents  in  the 
form  of  scenes,  acts,  idyls,  &.c.  vide  Dr.  Wells  in 
loc. ;  Home's  Crit.  Introduct.  vol.  ii.  p.  188,  &c. ; 
and  Dr.  Gray. 


Part  IV.] 


THE  SONG  OF  SOLOMON. 


567 


c  John  15.  14,  IS 
d2Ch.  1.  16,17. 
e  Ez.  16.  11-13. 


f  Or,  companion. 


X  Or,  galleries. 


^  I  have  compared  thee,  "O  my  love  ! 

To  ''a  company  of  horses  in  Pharaoh's  chariots. 
^*^  Thy  ^cheeks  are  comely  with  rows  of  jewels, 

Thy  neck  with  chains  of  gold. 
^^  We  will  make  thee  borders  of  gold 
With  studs  of  silver. 
[Spouse.]— ^2  While  the  king  sitteth  at  his  table, 
My  spikenard  sendeth  forth  the  smell  thereof. 
^^  A  bundle  of  myrrh  is  my  wellbeloved  unto  me  ; 

He  shall  lie  all  night  betwixt  my  breasts. 
^^  My  beloved  is  unto  me  as  a  cluster  of  *camphire 
In  the  vineyards  of  En-gedi. 
[Bridegroom.] — ^^  Behold,  thou  art  fair,  my  tlove  ; 

Behold,  thou  art  fair  ;  thou  hast  doves'  eyes. 
[Spouse,] — ^^  Behold,  thou  art  fair,  my  beloved,  yea,  pleasant : 
Also  our  bed  is  green. 
^^  The  beams  of  our  house  are  cedar. 
And  our  trafters  of  fir. 


Chap.  ii. 


*Heb.  I  delighted 
atid  sat  down,  S(c. 

/Re.  2-2.  1,2. 

t  Heb.  palate. 

%  Heb.  hoiLse  of 
wine. 


+  Heb.  Straw  i 
■with  apples. 

a  Or,  with,  or. 
for.— Ed. 


f  Heb.  /adjure 


Or,  slie — Ed. 


X  Heh.  flourish- 
ing. 


[Spouse.] — ^  I  am  the  rose  of  Sharon, 

And  the  lily  of  the  valleys, 
[Bridegroom.] — ^  As  the  lily  among  thorns, 

So  is  my  love  among  the  daughters, 
[Spouse.] — ^  As  the  apple  tree  among  the  trees  of  the  wood, 
So  is  my  beloved  among  the  sons. 
*I  sat  down  under  his  shadow  with  great  delight. 
And  •'^his  fruit  was  sweet  to  my  ttaste. 
'^  He  brought  me  to  the  Ibanqueting  house. 

And  his  banner  over  me  was  love. 
^  Stay  me  with  flagons, 
*Coinfort  me  with  apples  ; 
For  I  am  sick  ''of  love. 
^  His  left  hand  is  under  my  head. 
And  his  right  hand  doth  embrace  me. 
[Bridegroom.] — "^  tl  charge  you,  O  ye  daughters  of  Jerusalem  ! 
By  the  ^roes,  and  by  the  hinds  of  the  field, 
That  ye  stir  not  up,  nor  awake  my  love,  till  'he  please. 
[Spouse.] — ^  The  voice  of  my  beloved  ! 

Behold,  he  cometh  leaping  upon  the  mountains. 
Skipping  upon  the  hills. 

^  My  beloved  is  like  a  roe  or  a  young  hart : 
Behold,  he  standeth  behind  our  wall, 

He  looketh  forth  at  the  windows,  tshowing  himself  through  the 
^°  My  beloved  spake,  and  said  unto  me,  [lattice. 

"  Rise  up,  my  love,  my  fair  one,  and  come  away. 
^^  For,  lo,  the  winter  is  past. 

The  rain  is  over  and  gone  ; 
^^  The  flowers  appear  on  the  earth  ; 

The  time  of  the  singing  of  birds  is  come, 
And  the  voice  of  the  turtle  is  heard  in  our  land  ; 
^^  The  fig  tree  putteth  forth  her  green  figs. 

And  the  vines  with  the  tender  grape  give  a  good  smell. 
Arise,  my  love,  my  fair  one,  and  come  away." 
^^  O  my  dove  !  that  art  in  the  clefts  of  the  rock. 
In  the  secret  places  of  the  stairs, 
Let  me  see  thy  countenance,  let  me  hear  thy  voice  ; 
For  sweet  is  thy  voice,  and  thy  countenance  is  comely. 


568  THE  SONG  OF  SOLOMON.  [Period  V. 

g Vs. 80. 13.  Ez.  15  Take  us  "the  foxes,  the  httle  foxes  that  spoil  the  vines  : 

13.  4.  Lu.  13.32.  T-i  •  1  1 

ior  our  vines  have  tender  grapes. 

^^  My  beloved  is  mine,  and  I  am  his : 
He  feedeth  among  the  lilies. 

i'^  Until  the  day  break,  and  the  shadows  flee  away, 
Turn,  my  beloved  !  and  be  thou  like  a  roe  or  a  young  hart 
*  0''  of  division.  Upon  the  mountains  *of  Bother. 


ft  Is.  26. 9.  [Spouse.]—*  By  ''night  on  my  bed  I  sought  him  whom  my     Chap.  iii. 

soul  loveth : 
I  sought  him,  but  I  found  him  not. 
2  I  will  rise  now,  and  go  about  the  city  in  the  streets, 
And  in  the  broad  ways  I  will  seek  him  whom  my  soul  loveth : 
I  sought  him — but  I  found  him  not. 
^  The  watchmen  that  go  about  the  city  found  me  : 

To  whom  I  said,  "  Saw  ye  him  whom  my  soul  loveth  ?  " 
^  It  was  but  a  little  that  I  passed  from  them, 
But  I  found  him  whom  my  soul  loveth  : 
I  held  him,  and  would  not  let  him  go, 
Until  I  had  brought  him  into  my  mother's  house. 
And  into  the  chamber  of  her  that  conceived  me. 
[Bridegroom.] — ^  I  charge  you,  O  ye  daughters  of  Jerusalem! 
By  the  roes,  and  by  the  hinds  of  the  field, 
a  Or,  she.-Ed.  That  yc  stir  not  up,  nor  awake  my  love,  till  ^he  please. 

[Virgins  oV  Jerusalem.] — ^  Who  is  this  that  cometh  out  of  the  wil- 
derness. 
Like  pillars  of  smoke, 
Perfumed  with  myrrh  and  frankincense, 
AVith  all  powders  of  the  merchant  ? 
"^  Behold  his  bed,  which  is  Solomon's ; 

Threescore  valiant  men  are  about  it,  of  the  valiant  of  Israel. 
^  They  all  hold  swords,  being  expert  in  war : 
Every  man  hath  his  sword  upon  his  thigh  because  of  fear  in  the  night, 
t  Or,  a  Jed.  9  ]^[ng  Solomon  made  himself  la  chariot  of  the  wood  of  Lebanon. 

^°  He  made  the  pillars  thereof  of  silver. 

The  bottom  thereof  of  gold,  the  covering  of  it  of  purple, 
b  i.  e.  inlaid  with  The  uiidst  thereof  being  ''paved  with  love,  for  the  daughters  of 

amatory  em-  t  i 

biema.— Ed.  Jerusalem. 

11  Go  forth,  O  ye  daughters  of  Zion  ! 
And  behold  king  Solomon 

With  the  crown  wherewith  his  mother  crowned  him 
In  the  day  of  his  espousals. 
And  in  the  day  of  the  gladness  of  his  heart. 
[Bridegroom.]— 1  Behold,  thou  art  fair,  my  love  ;   behold,      Chap.  iv. 
thou  art  fair ; 
Thou  hast  doves'  eyes  within  thy  locks : 
Thy  hair  is  as  a  flock  of  goats, 
t  Or,  cat  of,  ^c.  That  lappcar  from  Mount  Gilead. 

2  Thy  teeth  are  like  a  flock  of  sheep  that  are  even  shorn, 
Which  came  up  from  the  washing ; 
Whereof  every  one  bear  twins. 
And  none  is  barren  among  them. 
^  Thy  lips  are  like  a  thread  of  scarlet. 
And  thy  speech  is  comely  : 

Thy  temples  are  like  a  piece  of  a  pomegranate  within  thy  locks. 
iNei..3. 19.  4  Thy  neck  is  like  the  tower  of  David  builded  'for  an  armory, 


Part  IV.] 

j  See  Pr.  5.  19. 
*  Heb.  breathe 

k  Eph.  5.  27. 


THE  SONG  OF  SOLOMON. 


569 


t  Or,  taken  away 
my  heart. 


m  Pr.  24.  ]3,  14. 

n  Ge.  27.  27.  Ho, 

14.  6,  7. 
X  Heb.  barred. 


0  Jo.  4.  10.  &  7. 


p  Lu.  15.  7,  10. 

Jo.  3.  29.  &  15. 

14. 
t  Or,  and  be 

drmiksn  with 

loves, 
q  Re.  3.  20. 


t  Or,  (as  som 
read)  in  me. 


Heb.  passing. 


Whereon  there  hang  a  thousand  bucklers, 
All  shields  of  mighty  men. 
^  Thy  ^two  breasts  are  hke  two  young  roes 

That  are  twins,  which  feed  among  the  lilies. — 
^  Until  the  day  *break,  and  the  shadows  flee  away, 
I  will  get  me  to  the  mountain  of  myrrh, 
And  to  the  hill  of  frankincense. 
'  Thou  ^"art  all  fair,  my  love  ; 

There  is  no  spot  in  thee. 
^  Come  with  me  from  Lebanon,  my  spouse, 
With  me  from  Lebanon  : 
Look  from  the  top  of  Amana, 
From  the  top  of  Shenir  'and  Hermon, 
^  From  the  lions'  dens,  from  the  mountains  of  the  leopards. 
Thou  hast  f  ravished  my  heart,  my  sister,  my  spouse ; 
Thou  hast  ravished  my  heart  with  one  of  thine  eyes, 
With  one  chain  of  thy  neck. 
^°  How  fair  is  thy  love,  my  sister,  my  spouse ! 

How  much  better  is  thy  love  than  wine  ! 
11  ,^"*^  ^}^^  ^'^^^^  o^  thine  ointments  than  all  spices ! 
Thy  hps,  O  my  spouse  !  drop  as  the  honeycomb  : 
Honey  "and  milk  are  under  thy  tongue  ; 
^^  And  the  smell  of  thy  garments  is  "hke  the  smell  of  Lebanon. 
-  A  garden  ^enclosed  is  my  sister,  my  spouse ; 
^^  A  spring  shut  up,  a  fountain  sealed. 

''  Thy  plants  are  an  orchard  of  pomegranates,  with  pleasant  fruits : 
_Camphire,  with  spikenard,  '^  spikenard  and  saffron ; 
Calamus  and  cinnamon,  with  all  trees  of  frankincense: 
^    Myrrh  and  aloes,  with  all  the  chief  spices: 
^^  A  fountain  of  gardens,  a  well  of  "living  waters. 
And  streams  from  Lebanon. 
[Spouse.]— iG  Awake,  O  north  wind  !  and  come,  thou  south  ! 

Blow  upon  my  garden,  that  the  spices  thereof  may  flow  out. 
Let  my  beloved  come  into  his  garden. 
And  eat  his  pleasant  fruits. 
[Bridegroom.]—!  I  am  come  into  my  garden,  my  sister,  my     Chap.  v. 
spouse : 
I  have  gathered  my  myrrh  with  my  spice ; 
I  have  eaten  my  honeycomb  with  my  honey ; 
I  have  drunk  my  wine  with  my  milk : 

Eat,  "O  friends  !  drink,  tyea,  drink  abundantly,  O  beloved  ' 
[bpousE.]— n  sleep,  but  my  heart  waketh: 

It  IS  the  voice  of  my  beloved  'that  knocketh,  saying,, 
''Open  to  me,  my  sister  !  mv  love  !  my  dove  !  my  undefiled  ' 
i^  or  my  head  is  filled  with  dew, 
And  my  locks  with  the  drops  of  the  night." 
^  I  have  put  off"  my  coat— how  shall  I  put  it  on  ? 
I  have  washed  my  feet— how  shall  I  defile  them ' 
My  beloved  put  in  his  hand  by  the  hole  of  the  door, 
And  my  bowels  were  moved  tfor  him. 
^  I  rose  up  to  open  to  my  beloved ; 
And  my  hands  dropped  with  myrrh, 
And  my  fingers  with  *sweet-smelling  myrrh 
Upon  the  handles  of  the  lock. 
^  I  opened  to  my  beloved  ; 
But  my  beloved  had  withdrawn  himself,  and  was  gone : 

72  2^# 


570 


THE  SONG  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V, 


t  Heb.  Wiat. 
a  Or,  with, or, 
for.— Ed. 


%  Hf!h.  .a  stand- 
ard-bearer. 


■f  Heb.  sitting  in 
fulness,  that  is, 
fitly  placed,  and 
set  as  a  precious 
stone  in  the  foil 
of  a  ring. 

X  Or,  towers  of 
perfumes. 


'  Heb.  palate. 


Or,  puffed  i 
■up. 


My  soul  failed  when  he  spake  : 
I  sought  him — but  I  could  not  find  him  ; 
I  called  him — but  he  gave  me  no  answer. 
'  The  watchmen  that  went  about  the  city  found  me, 
They  smote  me,  they  wounded  me  ; 
The  keepers  of  the  walls  took  away  my  veil  from  me. 
^  I  charge  you,  O  daughters  of  Jerusalem !  if  ye  find  my  beloved, 
tThat  ye  tell  him  that  I  am  sick  ''of  love. 
[Virgins  of  Jerusalem.] — ■*  What  is  thy  beloved  more  than  another 
beloved, 
O  thou  fairest  among  women  ? 
What  is  thy  beloved  more  than  another  beloved, 
That  thou  dost  so  charge  us  ? 
[Sfouse.] — ^°  My  beloved  is  white  and  ruddy, 
JThe  chiefest  among  ten  thousand. 
^^  His  head  is  as  the  most  fine  gold, 

His  locks  are  *bushy,  and  black  as  a  raven. 
^^  His  eyes  are  as  the  eyes  of  doves  by  the  rivers  of  waters. 

Washed  with  milk,  and  ffitly  set. 
^^  His  cheeks  are  as  a  bed  of  spices,  as  tsweet  flowers : 

His  lips  like  lihes,  dropping  sweet-smelling  myrrh. 
^^  His  hands  are  as  gold  rings  set  with  the  beryl : 

His  belly  is  as  bright  ivory  overlaid  with  sapphires. 
^^  His  legs  are  as  pillars  of  marble,  set  upon  sockets  of  fine  gold : 

His  countenance  is  as  Lebanon,  excellent  as  the  cedars. 
^^  His  *mouth  is  most  sweet :  yea,  he  is  altogether  lovely. 
This  is  my  beloved,  and  this  is  my  friend, 
O  daughters  of  Jerusalem  ! 
[Virgins  of  Jerusalem.] — ^  Whither  is  thy  beloved  gone,  O    Chap.  vL 
thou  fairest  among  women  ? 
Whither  is  thy  beloved  turned  aside  ? 
That  we  may  seek  him  with  thee. 
[Spouse.] — ^  My  beloved  is  gone  down  into  his  garden. 
To  the  beds  of  spices, 
To  feed  in  the  gardens,  and  to  gather  lilies. 
^  I  am  my  beloved's,  and  my  beloved  is  mine : 
He  feedeth  among  the  lilies. 
[Bridegroom.] — '*  Thou  art  beautiful,  O  my  love !  as  Tirzah, 
Comely  as  Jerusalem,  terrible  as  an  army  with  banners. 
^  Turn  away  thine  eyes  from  me. 
For  they  have  tovercome  me  : 
Thy  hair  is  as  a  flock  of  goats 
That  appear  from  Gilead. 
^  Thy  teeth  are  as  a  flock  of  sheep 
Which  go  up  from  the  washing. 
Whereof  every  one  beareth  twins, 
And  there  is  not  one  barren  among  them. 
"^  As  a  piece  of  a  j)omegranate 
Are  thy  temples  within  thy  locks. 

^  There  are  threescore  queens,  and  fourscore  concubines, 
And  virgins  without  number. 
^  My  dove,  my  undefiled  is  but  one  ; 
She  is  the  only  one  of  her  mother, 
She  is  the  choice  one  of  her  that  bare  licr. 
Tlie  daughters  saw  her,  and  blessed  her  ; 
Yea,  the  queens  and  the  concubines,  and  they  praised  her. 


Part  IV.] 


THE  SONG  OF  SOLOMON. 


571 


X  Heb.  IkneiB 

not. 
*  Or,  set  me  on 

the  chariots  of 

my  willing  peo- 

pie. 


f  Or,  of  Mahana- 
im,  Ge.  32.  2. 
r  Ps.  45.  13. 


J  Heb.  rraxture. 


Chap.  vii. 


*  Or,  crimson. 
I  Heb.  ioani 


X  Heb.  straightly. 


t  Heb.  open. 


t  Ge.  30.  14. 
It  Mat.  13.  53 


J  Heb.  they  should 
not  despise  me. 


1"  Who  is  she  that  looketh  forth  as  the  morning, 
Fair  as  the  moon,  clear  as  the  sun, 
And  terrible  as  an  army  with  banners  ? 

^1  I  went  down  into  the  garden  of  nuts 
To  see  the  fruits  of  the  valley, 
And  to  see  whether  the  vine  flourished, 
And  the  pomegranates  budded. 
^2  |0r  ever  I  was  aware, 

My  soul  *made  me  like  the  chariots  of  Amminadib. 

1^  Return,  return,  O  Shulamite  ! 
Return  !  return  !  that  we  may  look  upon  thee. 
[The  Shulamite.] — What  will  ye  see  in  the  Shulamite  ? 

As  it  were  the  company  tof  two  armies  ? 
[Bridegroom.] — ^  How  beautiful  are  thy  feet  with  shoes,  '"O 
prince's  daughter ! 
The  joints  of  thy  thighs  are  like  jewels, 
The  work  of  the  hands  of  a  cunning  workman. 
^  Thy  navel  is  like  a  round  goblet, 
Which  wanteth  not  tliquor : 

Thy  belly  is  like  a  heap  of  wheat  set  about  with  lilies. 
3  Thy  two  breasts  are  like  two  young  roes  that  are  twins. 
^  Thy  neck  is  as  a  tower  of  ivory  ; 
Thine  eyes  like  the  fishpools  in  Heshbon,  by  the  gate  of  Bath- 

rabbim  : 
Thy  nose  is  as  the  tower  of  Lebanon  which  looketh  toward  Da- 
mascus. 
^  Thy  head  upon  thee  is  like  *Carmel, 
And  the  hair  of  thy  head  like  purple ; 
The  king  is  theld  in  the  galleries. 
^  How  fair  and  how  pleasant  art  thou,  O  love,  for  delights ! 
■^  This  thy  stature  is  like  to  a  palm  tree, 
And  thy  breasts  to  clusters  of  grapes. 
^  I  said,  I  will  go  up  to  the  palm  tree, 
I  will  take  hold  of  the  boughs  thereof: 
Now  also  thy  breasts  shall  be  as  clusters  of  the  vine, 
And  the  smell  of  thy  nose  like  apples  ; 
^  And  the  roof  of  thy  mouth  like  the  best  wine — 
[Spouse.] — For  my  beloved,  that  goeth  down  tsweetly, 
Causing  the  lips  *of  those  that  are  asleep  to  speak. 
^°  I  am  my  beloved's, 

And  ^his  desire  is  toward  me. 
^^  Come,  my  beloved,  let  us  go  forth  into  the  field ; 

Let  us  lodge  in  the  villages. 
^2  Let  us  get  up  early  to  the  vineyards  ; 
Let  us  see  if  the  vine  flourish, 
Whether  the  tender  grape  tappear,  and  the  pomegranates  bud 

forth: 
There  will  I  give  thee  my  loves. 
^3  The  'mandrakes  give  a  smell. 

And  at  our  gates  "are  all  manner  of  pleasant  fruits,  new  and  old, 
Which  I  have  laid  up  for  thee,  O  my  beloved ! 

1  O  that  thou  wert  as  my  brother,  Chap.  viii. 

That  sucked  the  breasts  of  my  mother  ! 
When  I  should  find  thee  without,  I  would  kiss  thee  ; 
Yea,  tl  should  not  be  despised. 
^  I  would  lead  thee,  and  bring  thee  into  my  mother's  house, 
Who  would  instruct  me  : 


572  THE  GREATNESS  OF  SOLOMON.  [Period  V. 

vPt.9.^  I  would  cause  thee  to  drink  of  "spiced  wine 

Of  the  juice  of  my  pomegranate. 

^  His  left  hand  should  be  under  my  head, 
And  his  right  hand  should  embrace  me. 
[Bridegroom.] — ■*  I  charge  you,  O  daughters  of  Jerusalem  ! 
*,"!(i/?''or'^'*  *That  ye  stir  not  up,  nor  awake  my  love,  until  ^he  please. 

lVy!''^'^^'°''      [Virgins   of   Jerusalem.] — ^  Who   is  this  that  cometh  up  from  the 
a  Or,  BUe.-Ed.  Leaning  upon  her  beloved  ?  [wilderness, 

[Spouse.] — I  raised  thee  up  under  the  apple  tree  : 
There  thy  mother  brought  thee  fortli : 
There  she  brouglit  thee  forth  that  bare  thee. 

523.  As  a  seal  upon  thine  arm  : 

For  love  is  strong  as  death  ; 
t  Heb.  hard.  Jcalousy  is  tcrucl  as  the  grave  : 

The  coals  thereof  are  coals  of  fire, 
Which  hath  a  most  vehement  flame. 
'  Many  waters  cannot  quench  love, 
Neither  can  the  floods  drown  it : 
^^'■^■3^-  If  "^a  man  would  give  all  the  substance  of  his  house  for  love. 

It  would  utterly  be  contemned. 
yEz.sa  33.        [Brothers  of  the  Spouse.] — ^  We  ^have  a  little  sister,  and  she  hath 
What  shall  we  do  for  our  sister  [no  breasts : 

In  the  day  when  she  shall  be  spoken  for? 
^  If  she  be  a  wall,  we  will  build  upon  her  a  palace  of  silver  : 
And  if  she  be  a  door,  we  will  enclose  her  wdth  boards  of  cedar. 
[Sister.] — ^'^  I  am  a  wall,  and  my  breasts  like  towers : 
t  Heb. peace.  ThcH  was  I  iu  his  cycs  as  one  that  found  tfavor. 

^^  Solomon  had  a  vineyard  at  Baal-hamon ; 
I  Mat.  21. 33.  jjg  ^igt  Qut  the  viucyard  unto  keepers; 

Every  one  for  the  fruit  thereof  was  to  bring  a  thousand  pieces  of 
12  ]yjy  vineyard,  which  is  mine,  is  before  me  :  [silver. 

Thou,  O  Solomon  !  must  have  a  thousand. 
And  those  that  keep  the  fruit  thereof  two  hundred. 
[Bridegroom.] — '^  Thou  that  dwellest  in  the  gardens. 
The  companions  hearken  to  thy  voice  : 
Cause  me  to  hear  it. 
*s"^R^'22°T7^"  [Spouse.] — ^^  *Make  haste,  my  beloved,  and  be  thou  like  to  a  roe 
20.*   ^'    '    '  Or  to  a  young  hart  upon  the  mountains  of  spices. 


PARTLY.  PART    V. 

A.  M.  3012.  GREATNESS  OF  SOLOMON;— VISIT  OF  THE  QUEEN  OF  SHEBA. 

B.  C.  992. 
Jerusalem.        1  KiNGs  ix.  15-2:3—2  Chron.  viii.  12-16.— 1  Kings  ix.  26,  to  the  end.— 2  Chron.  viii. 

17.-1  Kings  x.  14,  to  the  end.—iv.  26-28,  34.— x.  1-13.-2  Chron.  viii.  18.— ix.  13- 

23.— i.  14,  to  the  c/id.—ix.  1-28. 

1  Ki.  5. 13.  15  AND  this  is  the  reason  of  "the  levy  which  king  Solomon  raised  ; 

for  to  build  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  his  own  hou.sc,  and  Millo,  and 

the  wall  of  Jerusalem,  and  Hazor,  and  Megiddo,  and  Gezer.   ^^  For 

Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt  had  gone  up,  and  taken  Gezer,  and  burnt  it 

with  fire,  and  slain  the  Canaanites  that  dwelt  in  the  city,  and  given  it 

for  a  present  unto  his  daughter,  Solomon's  wife.   ^^  And  Solomon  built 

Gezer,  and  Beth-horon  the  nether,  ^^and  Baalath,  and  Tadmor  in  the 

wilderness,  in  the  land,  ^'-^  and  all  the  cities  of  store  that  Solomon  had, 

and  cities  for  his  chariots,  and  cities  for  his  horsemen,  and  that  which 

mb.iheduirc    Solomon  *desire(l  to  build  in  Jerusalem,  and  in   Lebanon,  and  in  all 

AeSS""'""'  the  land  of  his  dominion.  '■^"  And  all  the  people  tliat  were  left  of  the 


Paut  v.]  the  greatness  OF  SOLOMON.  573 

Amorites,  Hittites,  Perizzites,  Hivites,  and  Jebusites,  which   were  not 

''w.'&.'i.Y^'      ^f  the  children  of  Israel,  ^i  their  ^children  that  were  left  after  them  in 

cjos.  15. 63.  &     the  land,  Svhom  the  children  of  Israel  also  were   not  able   utterly  to 

d  See  Ge.  9. 25,  dcstroy,  upoH  those  did  Solomon  levy  a  tribute  of ''bondservice  unto 
58'  Neir  7'  57'  t^^^^  ^^'^y*  "'  ^"'-  ^^  t'^^  children  of  Israel  did  Solomon  'make  no  bond- 
&  11. 3,  men  ;  but  they  were  men  of  war,  and   his  servants,  and  his  princes, 

ehe.-jD.39.  ^^^  l^jg  captaius,  and  rulers  of  his  chariots,  and  his  horsemen.  ^^  These 
were  the  chief  of  the  officers  that  were  over  Solomon's  work,  five 
hundred  and  fifty,  which  bare  rule  over  the  people  that  wrought  in 
the  work. 

^^  Then  Solomon  offered  burnt  offerings  unto  the  Lord  on  ^.C'hro'^- 
the  altar  of  the  Lord,  which  he  had  built  before  the  porch, 

"^23^ 3^0,  u',  25!'  ^^even  after  a  certain  rate  ^every  day,  offering  according  to  the  com- 
mandment of  Moses,  on  the  Sabbaths,  and  on  the  new-moons,  and 

g-Ex.  23. 14.  on  the  solemn  feasts,  *^three  times  in  the  year,  even  in  the  feast  of 
Unleavened  Bread,  and  in  the  feast  of  Weeks,  and  in  the  feast  of 
Tabernacles. 

^■^  And  he  appointed,  according  to  the  order  of  David  his  father, 

^ich  r  1  ^^^®  ''courses  of  the  priests  to  their  service,  and 'the  Levites  to  their 
charges,  to  praise  and  minister  before  the  priests,  as  the  duty  of  every 

^L^h^'  ^^'^     ^^y  required  :   the  •'porters  also  by  their  courses  at  every  gate  :  for  tso 

t  Heb.  so  was  the  had   David  the  man  of  God  commanded.  ^^  And  they  departed  not 

Da'i'ld'liiTmli     fi'om  the  commandment  of  the  king  unto  the  priests  and  Levites  con- 

oj  Oud.  cerning  any  matter,  or  concerning  the  treasures.  ^^  Now  all  the  work 

of  Solomon  was  prepared  unto  the  day  of  the  foundation  of  the  house 

of  the  Lord,  and  until  it  was  finished.     So  the  house  of  the  Lord 

was  perfected. 

^•^And  king  Solomon  made  a  navy  of  ships  in  Ezion-    1  Kings  ix. 

I  Heb.  Up.  geber,  which  is  beside  Eloth,  on  the  I  shore  of  the  Red  Sea,     ^^' '"  ""^• 

in  the  land  of  Edom.  -"And  Hiram  sent  in  the  navy  his  servants,  ship- 
men  that  had  knowledge  of  the  sea,  with  the  servants  of  Solomon. 
^^  And  they  came  to  Ophir,  and  fetched  from  thence  gold,  four  hundred 
and  twenty  talents,  and  brought  it  to  king  Solomon. 

*2°8fKf'i4''        ^' Then  went  Solomon  to~Ezion-geber,  and  to  *Eloth,  at     2Chron. 

22. '       ■    ■     the  sea-side  in  the  land  of  Edom.  ""'"■ 

^*  Now  the  weight  of  gold  that  came  to  Solomon  in  one  1  Kings  x.  14- 
year  was  six  hundred  threescore  and  six  talents  of  gold,  ^^u^e'end^^' 
^^  besides  that  he  had  of  the  merchantmen,  and  of  the 

k  Ps.  72. 10.        traffic  of  the  spice  merchants,  and  ''of  all  the  kings  of  Arabia,  and  of 

t  Or,  captaais.      tj^g  tgovcmors  of  the  country. 

^^  And  king  Solomon  made  two  hundred  targets  of  beaten  gold  ;  six 
hundred  shekels  of  gold  went  to  one  target :  ^^  and  he  made  three  hun- 
dred shields  of  beaten  gold ;  three  pounds  of  gold  went  to  one  shield  : 
and  the  king  put  them  in  the  house  of  the  forest  of  Lebanon. 

1^  Moreover  the  king  made  a  great  throne  of  ivory,  and  overlaid  it 
with  the  best  gold.  ^^  The  throne   had  six  steps,  and  the  top   of  the 

^tod^part*       throne  was  round  tbehind  :  and  there  were  *stays  on  either  side  on  the 

thereof.  placc  of  the  scat,  and  two  lions  stood  beside  the  stays.  "*'  And  twelve 

lions  stood  there  on  the  one  side  and  on  the  other  upon  the  six  steps : 

f  Heb.  so.  there  was  not  tthe  like  made  in  any  kingdom. 

-^  And  all  king  Solomon's  drinking  vessels  were  of  gold,  and  all  the 

^sfil'e^'tuirem.'"'  ^cssels  of  the  house  of  the  forest  of  Lebanon  were  of  pure  gold  ;  tnone 
were  of  silver :  it  was  nothing  accounted  of  in  the  days  of  Solomon. 

^'2o.'36!'  "*■ "  ^'''  ^~  Fo*"  tlie  king  had  at  sea  a  navy  of  'Tharshish  with  the  navy  of  Hiram  : 
once  in  three  years  came  the  navy  of  Tharshish,  bringing  gold,  and 

*t?ah^''^'"'"^'  silver,  *ivory,  and  apes,  and  peacocks.  ^^  And  the  navy  also  of  Hiram, 
that  brought  gold  from  Ophir,  brought  in  from  Ophir  great  plenty  ot 


574 


THE  GREATNESS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


*  Heb.  Vu  face 
of. 


t  Hob.  gave. 


X  Heb.  .and  the 
going  forth  uf 
the  horses  icldch 
was  Solomon's. 
2Ch.  J.  1(3.  ac  9. 
28. 

0  Ez.  27.  7. 

p  Jo3.  1.  4.  2  Ki. 
7.  6. 

*  Heb.  lianJ. 


f  Or,  mules,  or, 
swifl  beasts.  Est. 
8.  J4.  Mic.  1.  13. 


q  JIat.  12.  42. 


X  Heb.  1 


*  Heb.  standing. 
t  Or,  biUlers. 
«lCh.26.  16. 

+  Heb.  word. 

*  Or,  sayings. 


t  Heb.  thxtu  Aart 
a'i<ie</  wisdom 
and  (Toudncss  to 
the  fame. 

t  Pr.  8.  34. 


u2Sa.  8.  15.  Ps. 

72.  2.  Pr.  8.  15. 
V  Pg.  72.  10,  15. 


X  Heb.  according 
to  the  hand  of 
king  Solomon. 


almug  trees,  and  precious  stones.  ^-  And  the  king  made  of  the  alniug 
trees  pillars  for  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  for  the  king's  house,  harps 
also  and  psalteries  for  singers  :  there  came  no  such  almug  trees,  nor 
were  seen  unto  this  day.  -■*  So  '"king  Solomon  exceeded  all  the  kings 
of  the  earth  for  riches  and  for  wisdom. 

-^  And  all  the  earth  sought  "to  Solomon,  to  hear  his  wisdom,  which 
God  had  put  in  his  heart.  -^  And  they  brought  every  man  his  present, 
vessels  of  silver,  and  vessels  of  gold,  and  garments,  and  armor,  and 
spices,  horses,  and  mules,  a  rate  year  by  year. 

-^  And  Solomon  "gathered  together  chariots  and  horsemen  :  and  he 
had  a  thousand  and  four  hundred  chariots,  and  twelve  thousand  horse- 
men, whom  he  bestowed  in  the  cities  for  chariots,  and  with  the  king 
at  Jerusalem.  ~^  And  the  king  tmade  silver  to  be  in  Jerusalem  as  stones, 
and  cedars  made  he  to  be  as  the  sycamore  trees  that  are  in  the  vale, 
for  abundance. 

-^  iAnd  Solomon  had  horses  brought  out  of  Egypt,  and  linen  yarn : 
the  king's  merchants  received  the  "linen  yarn  at  a  price.  ^'-*  And  a 
chariot  came  up  and  went  out  of  Egypt  for  si.x  hundred  shekels  of  silver, 
and  a  horse  for  an  hundred  and  fifty :  ''and  so  for  all  the  kings  of  the 
Hittites,  and  for  the  kings  of  Syria,  did  they  bring  them  out  by  their 
*means. 

2^  And  Solomon  had  forty  thousand  stalls  of  horses  for  his  \.^'^^^^"*'• 
chariots,and  twelve  thousand  horsemen.  -"And  those  otiicers  ''' 

provided  victuals  for  king  Solomon,  and  for  all  that  came  unto  king 
Solomon's  table,  every  man  in  his  month:  they  lacked  nothing. 
^^  Barley  also  and  straw  for  the  horses  and  tdromedaries  brought  they 
unto  the  place  where  the  officers  were,  every  man  according  to  his  charge. 

^^  And  there  came  of  all  people  to  hear  the  wisdom  of  Solomon, 
from  all  kings  of  the  earth,  which  had  heard  of  his  wisdom. 

^  And  when  'the  queen  of  Sheba  heard  of  the  fame  of  ^,^'^'*^f„^" 
Solomon  concerning  the  name  of  the  Lord,  she  came  ''to  ~  '  ' 
prove  him  with  hard  questions.  ^And  she  came  to  Jerusalem  with  a 
very  great  train,  wnth  camels  that  bare  spices,  and  very  much  gold,  and 
precious  stones  ;  and  when  she  was  come  to  Solomon,  she  communed 
with  him  of  all  that  was  in  her  heart.  ^  And  Solomon  told  her  all  her 
tquestions:  there  was  not  any  thing  hid  from  the  king,  v.hich  he  told 
her  not.  "*  And  when  the  queen  of  Sheba  had  seen  all  Solomon's  wis- 
dom, and  the  house  that  he  had  built,  ^and  the  meat  of  his  table,  and 
the  sitting  of  his  servants,  and  the  ^attendance  of  his  ministers,  and 
their  apparel,  and  his  tcupbearers,  "and  his  ascent  by  which  he  went 
up  unto  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  there  was  no  more  spirit  in  her.  *"  And 
she  said  to  the  king,  '-It  was  a  true  treport  that  I  heard  in  mine  own 
land  of  thine  *acts  and  of  thy  wisdom.  ''  Howbeit  I  believed  not  the 
words,  until  I  came,  and  mine  eyes  had  seen  it :  and,  behold,  the  half 
was  not  told  me !  +thy  wisdom  and  prosperity  exccedeth  the  fame 
which  I  heard!  ^ Happy  'are  thy  men,  happy  are  these  thy  servants, 
which  stand  continually  before  thee,  and  that  hear  thy  wisdom. 
^  Blessed  be  the  Lord  thy  God,  which  delighted  in  thee,  to  set  thee 
on  the  throne  of  Israel :  because  the  Lord  loved  Israel  for  ever,  there- 
fore made  he  thee  king,  "to  do  judgment  and  justice."  ^^  And  she 
"gave  the  king  an  hundred  and  twenty  talents  of  gold,  and  of  spices 
very  great  store,  and  precious  stones :  there  came  no  more  such  abun- 
dance of  spices  as  these  which  the  queen  of  Sheba  gave  to  king  Solo- 
mon. '^  And  king  Solomon  gave  unto  the  queen  of  Sheba  all  her 
desire,  whatsoever  she  asked,  besides  that  which  Solomon  gave  her  tof 
his  royal  bounty.  So  she  turned  and  went  to  her  own  country,  she 
and  her  servants. 


Part  V.] 


THE  GREATNESS  OF  SOLOMON. 


575 


Heb.  upon  it. 


a  See,  for  refer- 
ences, the  paral- 
lel passiiges  in 
large  type. 

t  Heb.  gave. 

X  Heb.  the  going 
forth  of  the 
horses  which  was 
Solomon's. 


■  Or,  captains. 


\  Heb.  shut  up. 
*  Or,  there  was  i 
silver  in  them. 


1  Kings  ix.  25.  And  three  times  in  a  year  did  Solomon  offer  burnt  offerintrs  and 
peace  offerings  upon  the  altar  which  he  built  unto  the  Lord,  and  he  burnt  incense  *upon 
the  altar  that  was  before  the  Lord.     So  he  finished  the  house. 

2  Chron.  i.  14,  to  the  end. — '•'And  ^Solomon  gathered  chariots  and  horsemen  :  and  he 
had  a  thousand  and  four  hundred  chariots,  and  twelve  thousand  horsemen,  which  he 
placed  in  the  chariot  cities,  and  with  the  king  at  Jerusalem.  '^  And  the  king  tmade  silver 
and  gold  at  Jerusalem  as  plenteous  as  stones,  and  cedar  trees  made  he  as  the  sycamore 
trees  that  are  in  the  vale  for  abundance.  '« And  tSolomon  had  horses  brought  out  of 
Egypt,  and  linen  yarn  :  the  king's  merchants  received  tlie  linen  yarn  at  a  price.  '^And 
they  fetched  up,  and  brought  forth  out  of  Egypt  a  chariot  for  six  hundred  shekels  of  sil- 
ver, and  a  horse  for  an  hundred  and  fifty  :  and  so  brought  they  out  horses  for  all  the 
kings  of  the  Hittites,  and  for  the  kings  of  Syria,  by  their  *means. 

2  Chron.  viii.  18.  And  Huram  sent  him  by  the  hands  of  his  servants  ships,  and  ser- 
vants that  had  knowledge  of  the  sea;  and  they  went  with  the  servants  of  Solomon  to 
Opiiir,  and  took  thence  four  hundred  and  fifty  talents  of  gold,  and  brought  them  to  king 
Solomon. 

2  CHRON.ix.  1-28.— 1  And  when  the  queen  of  Sheba  heard  of  the  fame  of  Solomon,  she 
came  to  prove  Solomon  with  hard  questions  at  Jerusalem,  with  a  very  great  company,  and 
camels  that  bare  spices,  and  gold  in  abundance,  and  precious  stones;  and  when  she  was 
come  to  Solomon,  she  communed  with  him  of  all  that  was  in  her  heart.  ^  And  Solomon 
told  her  all  her  questions:  and  there  was  nothing  hid  from  Solomon  which  he  told  her 
not.  3  And  when  the  queen  of  Sheba  had  seen  the  wisdom  of  Solomon,  and  the  house 
that  he  had  built,  -land  the  meat  of  his  table,  and  the  sitting  of  his  servants,  and  the  at- 
tendance of  his  ministers,  and  their  apparel ;  his  tcupbearers  also,  and  their  apparel;  and 
his  ascent  by  which  he  went  up  into  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  there  was  no  more  spirit  in 
her.  *  And  she  said  to  the  king,  "  It  was  a  true  report  which  I  heard  in  mine  own  land\)f 
thine  acts,  and  of  thy  wisdom:  *  howbeit  I  believed  not  their  words,  until  I  came,  and 
mine  eyes  had  seen  it:  and,  behold,  the  one  half  of  the  greatness  of  thy  wisdom  was  not 
told  me  !  for  thou  exceedest  the  fame  that  I  heard  !  ''Happy  are  thy  men,  and  happy  are 
these  thy  servants,  which  stand  continually  before  thee,  and  hear  thy  wisdom.  **  Blessed  be 
the  Lord  thy  God,  which  delighted  in  thee  to  set  thee  on  his  throne,  to  be  king  for  the 
Lord  thy  God;  because  thy  God  loved  Israel,  to  establish  them  for  ever,  therefore  made 
he  thee  king  over  them,  to  do  judgment  and  justice."  ^  And  she  gave  the  king  an  hun- 
dred and  twenty  talents  of  gold,  and  of  spices  great  abundance,  and  precious  stones  :  nei- 
ther was  there  any  such  spice  as  thg  queen  of  Sheba  gave  king  Solomon.  '"And  the  ser- 
vants also  of  Huram,  and  the  servants  of  Solomon,  which  brought  gold  from  Ophir,  brought 
algum  trees  and  precious  stones.  "  And  the  king  made  of  the  algum  trees  tterraces  to  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  and  to  the  king's  palace,  and  harps  and  psalteries  for  singers  ;  and 
there  were  none  such  seen  before  in  the  land  of  Judah.  '^And  king  Solomon  gave  to 
the  queen  of  Sheba  all  her  desire,  whatsoever  she  asked,  besides  that  which  she  had 
brought  unto  the  king.  So  she  turned,  and  went  away  to  her  own  land,  she  and  her 
servants. 

'^  Now  the  weight  of  gold  that  came  to  Solomon  in  one  year  was  six  hundred  and 
threescore  and  six  talents  of  gold ;  '''  besides  that  which  chapmen  and  merchants  brought. 
And  all  the  kings  of  Arabia  and  *governors  of  the  country  brought  gold  and  silver  to 
Solomon. 

'5  And  king  Solomon  made  two  hundred  targets  of  beaten  gold  :  six  hundred  shekels  of 
beaten  gold  went  to  one  target.  "^  And  three  hundred  shields  made  he  of  beaten  gold : 
three  hundred  shekels  of  gold  went  to  one  shield.  And  the  king  put  them  in  the  house  of 
the  forest  of  Lebanon.  "  Moreover  the  king  made  a  great  throne  of  ivory,  and  overlaid  it 
with  pure  gold.  '**  And  there  were  six  steps  to  the  throne,  with  a  footstool  of  gold,  wliich 
were  fastened  to  the  throne,  and  tstays  on  each  side  of  the  sitting  place,  and  fwo  linns 
standing  by  the  stays;  i^and  twelve  lions  stood  there  on  the  one  side  and  on  the  other 
upon  tlie  six  steps.     There  was  not  the  like  made  in  any  kingdom. 

2"  And  all  the  drinking  vessels  of  king  Solomon  were  of  gold,  and  all  the  vessels  of  the 
house  of  the  forest  of  Lebanon  were  of  tpure  gold  :  *none  were  of  silver ;  it  was  not  any 
thing  accounted  of  in  the  days  of  Solomon.  "■  For  the  king's  ships  went  to  Tarshish  with 
the  servants  of  Huram  :  every  three  years  once  came  the  ships  of  Tarshish  bringing 
gold,  and  silver,  tivory,  and  apes,  and  peacocks.  "''And  king  Solomon  passed  all  the 
kings  of  the  earth  in  riches  and  wisdom. 

''■'And  all  the  kings  of  the  earth  sought  the  presence  of  Solomon,  to  hear  his  wisdom, 
that  God  had  put  in  his  heart.  -*  And  they  brought  every  man  his  present,  vessels  of  sil- 
ver, and  vessels  of  gold,  and  raiment,  harness,  and  spices,  horses,  and  mules,  a  rate  year 
by  year. 

^■'  And  Solomon  had  four  thousand  stalls  for  horses  and  chariots,  and  twelve  thousand 
horsemen  ;  whom  he  bestowed  in  the  chariot  cities,  and  with  the  king  at  Jerusalem. 

''^And  he  reigned  over  all  the  kings  from  the  Iriver  even  unto  the   land  of  the   Philis- 


576 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


tines,  and  to  the  border  of  Egypt.  ^  And  the  king  *made  silver  in  Jerusalem  as  stones, 
and  cedar  trees  made  he  as  the  sj'camore  trees  that  are  in  the  low  plains  in  abundance. 
**  And  they  brought  unto  Solomon  horses  out  of  Egypt,  and  out  of  all  lands. 


PART    VI. 


A.  M.  3020. 
B.  C.  984. 


6  1  Ch.  15.  1 
Vs.  89,  title 


c  Ec.  12.  9. 
dCant.  1.  1. 


*  Heb.  equities. 
t  Or,  advisement. 


X  Or,  071  eloquent 
speech. 

a  Job  28.  28.  Ps. 
111.  10.  Ec.  12. 

i:i. 

*  Or,  the  princi- 
pal part. 


\  Ileh.  nn  adding. 


b  Go.  39.  7,  &c. 
Ps.  1.  1.  Ep.  5. 
11. 


THE    WISDOM    OF    SOLOMON. 

1  Kings  iv.  29-3:?. 
-^  AND  God  gave  Solomon  wisdom  and  understanding  e.xceeding 
much,  and  largeness  of  heart,  even  as  the  sand  that  is  on  the  sea-shore. 
^°  And  Solomon's  wisdom  excelled  the  wisdom  of  all  the  children  of 
the  East  country,  and  all  "the  wisdom  of  Egypt.  ^^  For  he  was  wiser 
than  all  men  ;  than  ^Ethan  the  Ezrahite,  and  Heman,  and  Chalcol,  and 
Darda,  the  sons  of  Mahol :  and  his  fame  was  in  all  nations  round  about. 
^^  And  he  spake  of  trees,  from  the  cedar  tree  that  is  in  Lebanon 
even  unto  the  hyssop  that  springeth  out  of  the  wall :  he  spake  also  of 
beasts,  and  of  fowl,  and  of  creeping  things,  and  of  fishes.  -^^  And  "he 
spake  three  thousand  proverbs :  and  ''his  songs  were  a  thousand  and 
five. 

THE  PROVERBS. 
IN  FIVE  PARTS.— PART  I.W 
Chap.  i.  to  ix. 
Chap.  i.  1  The  use  of  the  prorerbs.  1  An  exhortation  to  fear  God,  and  believe  his  word.  10  To 
avoid  the  enticinffs  of  sinners.  20  Wisdom  complaineth  of  her  contempt.  24  She  threateneth  her 
contemners. — Chap.  ii.  1  Wisdom  promiseth  godliness  to  her  children,  \0  and  safety  from  evil 
company,  20  and  direction  in  good  xoays.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  An  exhortation  to  obedience,  5  to  faith, 
1  to  mortification,  9  to  devotion,  11  to  patience.  13  The  happy  gain  of  wisdom.  19  The  poiver, 
21  and  the  benefits  ofioisdom.  27  An  exhortation  to  charitableness,  30  peaceableness,  31  andcon- 
tentedness.  33  The  cu7-sed  slate  of  the  wicked.  —  Chap.  iv.  1  Solomon,  to  persuade  to  obedience,  3 
showeth  what  instniction  he  had  of  his  parents,  5  to  study  icisdom,  14  and  to  shun  the  path  of  the 
wicked.  '20  J fe  cjhorleth  to  faith,  23  and  sa7ictif  cation'.  — Chap.  v.  1  Solomon  exhorteth  to  the 
studij  II  f  II  isiloni.  3  He  showeth  the  mischief  of  whoredom  and  riot.  15  He  exhorteth  to  content- 
edmxs,  lilirnililij.  itiid  chastity.  22  The  wicked  are  overtaken  vnth  their  own  sins.  —  Chap.  vi.  1 
Against  surtii.ship,  G  idleness,  12  and  mischiepousness.  16  Seven  things  hateful  to  God.  20 
The  blessings  of  obedience.  25  The  mischiefs  of  whoredom.  —  Chap.  \u7  1  Solomon  persuadelh 
to  a  sincere  ana  kitid  fa7niliarity  with  wisdom.  .  6  In  an  example  of  his  oirn  experiejice.  he  showeth 
10  the  cunning  of  a  whore,  22  and  the  desperate  simplicity  of  a  young  v-anlon.  24  He  dehorteth 
from  such  loickedness.  —  Chap.  viii.  1  The  fame,  G  and  evidency  of  wisdom.  10  The  e.rrellency, 
\2  the  nature,  J5the  power,  ]8  the  riches,  '2.%and  the  eternity  of  wisdom.  32  Wisdotn  is  to  be 
desired  for  the  blessedness  it  bringeth.  —  Chap.  \x.  I  The  discipline,  4  and  doctrine  of  icisdo7n. 
13  The  custom,  IG  and  error  of  folly. 

^  The    Proverbs  of  Solomon  the  Son  of  David,  King  of  Israel. 
^  To  know  wisdom  and  instruction  ; 

To  perceive  the  words  of  understanding ; 
^  To  receive  the  instruction  of  wisdom. 

Justice,  and  judgment,  and  *equity  ; 
^  To  give  subtilty  to  the  simple, 

To  the  young  man  knowledge  and  f discretion. 
•''  A  wise  man  will  hear,  and  will  increase  learning  ; 

And  a  man  of  understanding  shall  attain  unto  wise  counsels  : 
•^  To  understand  a  proverb,  and  tthe  interpretation  ; 

The  words  of  the  wise,  and  their  dark  sayings. 

'''The  "fear  of  the  Lord  is  *the  beginning  of  knowledge  ; 

But  fools  despise  wisdom  and  instruction. 
^  My  son,  hear  the  instruction  of  thy  father, 

And  forsake  not  the  law  of  thy  mother ; 
^  For  they  shall  be  tan  ornament  of  grace  unto  thy  head. 

And  chains  about  thy  neck. 

'"  My  son,  if  sinners  entice  thee,  ''consent  thou  not. 
^'  If  they  say.  Come  with  us, 


C)  The  Book  of  Proverbs  may  be  divided  into  five  parts.  The  first  is  a  kind  of  preface,  and  e.xtends 
to  the  end  of  the  ninth  cliapter;  it  contains  a  series  of  admonitions,  cautions,  and  encouragements  to  the 
siufly  of  wisdom. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


577 


Let  'us  lay  wait  for  blood, 

Let  us  lurk  privily  for  the  innocent  without  cause : 
^~  Let  us  swallow  them  up  alive  as  the  grave ; 

And  whole,  ''as  those  that  go  down  into  the  pit : 
^^  We  shall  find  all  precious  substance. 

We  shall  fill  our  houses  with  spoil ; 
^'*  Cast  in  thy  lot  among  us  ; 

Let  us  all  have  one  purse : 
^^  My  son,  walk  not  thou  in  the  way  with  them  : 

Refrain  thy  foot  from  their  path : 
^^  For  *their  feet  run  to  evil. 

And  make  haste  to  shed  blood. 
^^  Surely  in  vain  the  net  is  spread 

In  the  tsight  of  any  bird. 
^^  And  they  lay  wait  for  their  own  blood  ; 

They  lurk  privily  for  their  own  lives. 
^^  So  ^are  the  ways  of  every  one  that  is  greedy  of  gain ; 

Which  taketh  away  the  life  of  the  owners  thereof. 
20  *  Wisdom  crieth  without; 

She  uttereth  her  voice  in  the  streets  : 
2^  She  crieth  in  the  chief  place  of  concourse. 

In  the  openings  of  the  gates : 

In  the  city  she  uttereth  her  words,  saying — 
^  "How  long,  ye  simple  ones,  will  ye  love  simplicity? 

And  the  scorners  delight  in  their  scorning, 

And  fools  hate  knowledge  ? 
^^  Turn  you  at  my  reproof: 

Behold,  ^I  will  pour  out  my  spirit  unto  you, 

I  will  make  known  my  words  unto  you. 

^'^  "  Because  ''I  have  called — and  ye  refused  ; 

I  have  stretched  out  my  hand — and  no  man  regarded  ; 
2^  But  ye  'have  set  at  nought  all  my  counsel, 

And  would  none  of  my  reproof: 
^^  I  also  will  laugh  at  your  calamity ; 

I  will  mock  when  your  fear  cometh  ; 
^^  When  your  fear  cometh  as  desolation, 

And  your  destruction  cometh  as  a  whirlwind  ; 

When  distress  and  anguish  cometh  upon  you. 
^®  Then  ■'shall  they  call  upon  me — but  I  will  not  answer ; 

They  shall  seek  me  early — but  they  shall  not  find  me : 
^^  For  that  they  ^hated  knowledge. 

And  did  not  'choose  the  fear  of  the  Lord  ;  i 

2°  They  '"would  none  of  my  counsel : 

They  despised  all  my  reproof. 
•'^  Therefore  "shall  they  eat  of  the  fruit  of  their  own  way. 

And  be  filled  with  their  own  devices. 
^^  For  the  tturning  away  of  the  simple  shall  slay  them. 

And  the  prosperity  of  fools  shall  destroy  them. 
^^  But  "whoso  hearkeneth  unto  me  shall  dwell  safely. 

And  ''shall  be  quiet  from  fear  of  evil." 

^  My  son,  if  thou  wilt  receive  my  words,  ^^  Chap. 

And  hide  my  commandments  with  thee  ; 
^  So  that  thou  incline  thine  ear  unto  wisdom, 

And  apply  thy  heart  to  understanding ; 
^  Yea,  if  thou  criest  after  knowledge. 

And  lliftest  up  thy  voice  for  understanding  ; 

73  2w 


fy78 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


q  Mat.  13.  44. 


r  See  Job  32.  8. 
a  Ki.  3.  9,  12. 


•  SeeGe.  15.  1. 


u  John  3.  II 
t»Je.  11.  15 
to  Ro.  1.  33 


z  See  Mai.  2.  14, 
15. 


y  Ps.  37.  29. 


t  Job  18.  17.  Ps. 

37.  28.  &  104. 

35. 
*  Or,  plucked  up. 

a  De.  8.  1.  &  30. 

16,  20. 
t  Heb.  years  of 

Ufe. 
b  Ps.  119.  1G5. 

eEx.  13.  9.  De. 

6.8. 
dJe.  17.  1.  2  Co. 

3.3. 
ePs.  111.  10.  See 

1  Sa.  2.  2H.  Lu. 

2.  52.  Ac.  2.  47. 

Bo.  14.  18. 
J  Or,  gond  suc- 

CfJIS. 

/ICh.  23.  9. 
^Je.  10.23. 

A  Ro.  12.  IG. 


f  Hcb.  v.ili-rinn 


i  Ex.  22.  29.  Mai. 
3.  10,  &.C.  Lu. 
14.  13. 


'*  If  'thou  seekest  her  as  silver, 

And  searches!  for  her  as  for  hid  treasures ; 
^  Then  shalt  thou  understand  the  fear  of  the  Lokd, 
And  find  the  knowledge  of  God. 

^  For  ""the  Lord  giveth  wisdom  : 
Out  of  his  mouth  cometh  knowledge  and  understanding. 
"^  He  layeth  up  sound  wisdom  for  the  righteous  : 

He  'is  a  buckler  to  them  that  walk  uprightly. 
^  He  keepeth  the  paths  of  judgment, 

And  'preserveth  the  way  of  his  saints. 
^  Then  shalt  thou  understand  righteousness, 
And  judgment,  and  equity — yea,  every  good  path. 

^^  When  wisdom  entereth  into  thy  heart, 
And  knowledge  is  pleasant  unto  thy  soul ; 
^^  Discretion  shall  preserve  thee, 

Understanding  .shall  keep  thee  : 
^-  To  deliver  thee  from  the  way  of  the  evil  man, 

From  the  man  that  speaketh  froward  things  ; 
^^  Who  leave  the  paths  of  uprightness, 

To  "walk  in  the  ways  of  darkness  ; 
^^  W^ho  "rejoice  to  do  evil, 

And  "delight  in  the  frowardness  of  the  wicked  ; 
^^  Whose  ways  are  crooked. 

And  they  froward  in  their  paths : 
^^  To  deliver  thee  from  the  strange  woman, 

Even  from  the  stranger  which  flattereth  with  her  words  ; 
^^  Which  ""forsaketh  the  guide  of  her  youth, 
And  forgetteth  the  covenant  of  her  God. 
^®  For  her  house  inclineth  unto  death, 

And  her  paths  unto  the  dead. 
^^  None  that  go  unto  her  return  again. 

Neither  take  they  hold  of  the  paths  of  life. 
2^  That  thou  mayest  walk  in  the  way  of  good  men, 

And  keep  the  paths  of  the  righteous. 
2^  For  ^the  upright  shall  dwell  in  the  land. 

And  the  perfect  shall  remain  in  it. 
22  But  ''the  wicked  shall  be  cut  off  from  the  earth, 
And  the  transgressors  shall  be  *rooted  out  of  it. 

^  My  son,  forget  not  my  law  ; 
But  "let  thy  heart  keep  my  commandments  : 
~  For  length  of  days,  and  tlong  life, 
And  ''peace,  shall  they  add  to  thee. 
^  Let  not  mercy  and  truth  forsake  thee  : 
Bind  ^them  about  thy  neck  ; 
Write  ''them  upon  the  table  of  thy  heart : 
"•  So  'shalt  thou  find  favor  and  tgood  understanding 
In  the  sight  of  God  and  man. 

^  Trust  in  the  Lord  with  all  thy  heart ; 
And  lean  not  unto  thine  own  understanding. 
^  In  -^all  thy  ways  acknowledge  him. 

And  he  shall  ^direct  thy  paths. 
''  Be  ''not  wise  in  thine  own  eyes : 

Fear  the  Lord,  and  depart  from  evil. 
^  It  shall  be  *  health  to  thy  navel, 
And  f marrow  to  thy  bones. 

'•'  Honor  "the  Lord  with  thy  substance. 
And  with  the  fir.st  fruits  of  all  thine  increase: 


Chap  iii. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


579 


t  Heb.  exalteth  the 
fools. 


^^  So  ^shall  thy  barns  be  filled  with  plenty, 

And  thy  presses  shall  burst  out  with  new  wine. 

^^  My  *son,  despise  not  the  chastening  of  the  Lord  ; 

Neither  be  weary  of  his  correction : 
^^  For  whom  the  Lord  loveth  he  correcteth  ; 

Even  'as  a  father  the  son  in  whom  he  delighteth. 
^3  Happy  is  the  man  that  findeth  Wisdom, 

And  the  man  that  tgetteth  Understanding  ! 
^4  For  "the  merchandise  of  it  is  better  than  the  merchandise  of  silver, 

And  the  gain  thereof  than  fine  gold. 
^^  She  is  more  precious  than  rubies : 

And  "all  the  things  thou  canst  desire  are  not  to  be  compared  unto  her. 
^^  Length  °of  days  is  in  her  right  hand  ; 

And  in  her  left  hand  riches  and  honor. 
"  Her  ^ways  are  ways  of  pleasantness, 

And  all  her  paths  are  peace. 
^^  She  is  'a  tree  of  life  to  them  that  lay  hold  upon  her  : 

And  happy  is  every  one  that  retaineth  her. 
^^  The  ''Lord  by  wisdom  hath  founded  the  earth ; 

By  understanding  hath  he  *established  the  heavens. 
-^  By  'his  knowledge  the  depths  are  broken  up, 

And  the  clouds  drop  down  the  dew. 

^1  My  son,  let  not  them  depart  from  thine  eyes : 

Keep  sound  wisdom  and  discretion  : 
^^  So  shall  they  be  life  unto  thy  soul, 

And  grace  to  thy  neck. 
^^  Then  shalt  thou  walk  in  thy  way  safely, 

And  thy  foot  shall  not  stumble. 
2'*  When  'thou  liest  down,  thou  shalt  not  be  afraid : 

Yea,  thou  shalt  lie  down,  and  thy  sleep  shall  be  sweet. 
2^  Be  not  afraid  of  sudden  fear, 

Neither  of  the  desolation  of  the  wicked  when  it  cometh. 
^^  For  the  Lord  shall  be  thy  confidence. 

And  shall  keep  thy  foot  from  being  taken. 

^"^  Withhold  "not  good  from  tthem  to  whom  it  is  due, 

When  it  is  in  the  power  of  thy  hand  to  do  it. 
2^  Say  "not  unto  thy  neighbour, 

Go,  and  come  again,  and  to-morrow  I  will  give, 

When  thou  hast  it  by  thee. 
2^  jDevise  not  evil  against  thy  neighbour. 

Seeing  he  dwelleth  securely  by  thee. 
^^  Strive  "not  with  a  man  without  cause, 

If  he  have  done  thee  no  harm. 
^1  Envy  "^^thou  not  *the  oppressor, 

And  choose  none  of  his  ways. 
^  For  the  froward  is  abomination  to  the  Lord  ; 

But  his  secret  is  with  the  righteous. 
^^  The  '•'curse  of  the  Lord  is  in  the  house  of  the  wicked ; 

But  "^he  blesseth  the  habitation  of  the  just. 
2^  Surely  "he  scorneth  the  scorners ; 

But  he  giveth  grace  unto  the  lowly : 
^5  The  wise  shall  inherit  glory  ; 

But  shame  fshall  be  the  promotion  of  fools. 
^  Hear,  ye  children,  the  instruction  of  a  father, 

And  attend  to  know  understanding. 
^  For  I  give  you  good  doctrine, 

Forsake  ye  not  my  law. 


Chap. 


580  THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON.  [Period  V. 

"^  For  I  was  my  father's  son, 

Tender  and  only  beloved  in  the  sight  of  my  mother. 
*Ep^6:  f.'  ^'        ^  He  Haught  me  also,  and  said  unto  me, 

Let  thy  heart  retain  my  words : 

Keep  my  commandments,  and  live. 
^  Get  wisdom,  get  understanding  : 

Forget  it  not ;  neither  decline  from  the  words  of  my  mouth. 
^  Forsake  her  not,  and  she  shall  preserve  thee : 

c2The8.2.  10.  L^yg  q^gj.^  ^^^  gj^g  gj^^jj   j.ggp  ^jjgp_ 

''lo'^^^^" ^^' ^"'    '  Wisdom  ''is  the  principal  thing,  therefore  get  wisdom; 

And  with  all  thy  getting  get  understanding. 
e  1  sa.  2.  30.         8  E^alt  'hcr,  and  she  shall  promote  thee  : 

She  shall  bring  thee  to  honor,  when  thou  dost  embrace  her. 
^  She  shall  give  to  thy  head  an  ornament  of  grace : 
I  oi.  She  shall  i\  crown  of  glory  shall  she  deliver  to  thee. 

compass  thee  imta   , .   _  _  _^  i  i 

a  crown  of  glory.  10  Hear,  O  my  son  !  and  receive  my  sayings  ; 

And  the  years  of  thy  life  shall  be  many. 
^^  I  have  taught  thee  in  the  way  of  wisdom ; 

I  have  led  thee  in  right  paths. 
^^  When  thou  goest,  thy  steps  shall  not  be  straitened ; 

And  when  thou  runnest,  thou  shalt  not  stumble. 
^3  Take  fast  hold  of  instruction ;  let  her  not  go : 

Keep  her  ;  for  she  is  thy  life. 

^'^  Enter  not  into  the  path  of  the  wicked, 

And  go  not  in  the  way  of  evil  men, 
^^  Avoid  it,  pass  not  by  it, 

Turn  from  it,  and  pass  away. 
f?s.  36. 4.  Is.  57.  16  p^j.  /jhey  slccp  not,  except  they  have  done  mischief ; 

And  their  sleep  is  taken  away,  unless  they  cause  some  to  fall. 
^■^  For  they  eat  the  bread  of  wickedness, 

And  drink  the  wine  of  violence. 

Vhif  ■/■J'*'  '^'  ^^  ^^^  ^^'^*^  P^^^  °^  *'^^  j"^*  ''^^  ^^  ^'^^  shining  light, 
A2Sa.  23. 4.  That  shincth  more  and  more  unto  the  perfect  day. 

i  1  Sa.  2. 9.  Job    19  The  'way  of  the  wicked  is  as  darkness : 

18.  5,  6.  Is.  59.  -' 

9, 10.  Je.  23. 12.        1  hcy  kuow  not  at  what  they  stumble. 
20  ]yf  y  gQjj^  attend  to  my  words ; 

Incline  thine  ear  unto  my  sayings. 
2^  Let  them  not  depart  from  thine  eyes ; 
Keep  them  in  the  midst  of  thy  heart. 
2^  For  they  are  life  unto  those  that  find  them, 
*Heh.  medicine.        ^j^^  *health  to  all  their  flesh. 
\  Beh.  above  all     23  Kccp  thy  hcart  twith  all  diligence  ; 
J^or  out  of  it  are  the  issues  of  life. 
t  Heh.  froward-    24  p^^  ^^yay  froiii  thee  ta  froward  mouth, 

ncss  oj  mouth,  »        ,  i  ■  r         r  i 

and  perverseness       And  pcrvcrse  lips  put  lar  froui  thee. 
i?i.  25  j^^^  thine  eyes  look  right  on, 

And  let  thine  eyelids  look  straight  before  thee. 
2"  Ponder  the  path  of  thy  feet, 
*  ?';,f  ^''VT      And  *let  all  thv  ways  be  established. 

shall  be  ordered  ,'.,..  i        i    /• 

aright.  27  ^p^.^  ^j^q^  ^q  ^j^g  i-jght  hand  nor  to  the  left : 

^ H?jos.1: 7.  '^"       Remove  Hhy  foot  from  evil. 

fcis.i.  i6.Ro.  1  My  son,  attend  unto  my  wisdom,  Chap.  v. 

^^'  ^'  And  bow  thine  ear  to  mine  understanding  : 

^  That  thou  inayest  regard  discretion, 
z  Mai.  2. 7.  And  that  thy  lips  may  'keep  knowledge. 

'^  For  the  lips  of  a  strange  woman  drop  as  a  honeycomb, 
t  Heb.  palate.  And  her  tniouth  is  smoother  than  oil : 


Part  VI.]  THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON.  581 

mEc.7. 26.  ■*  But  her  end  is  "bitter  as  wormwood, 

n  He.  4. 12.  Sharp  "as  a  two-edged  sword, 

^  Her  feet  go  down  to  death  ; 
Her  steps  take  hold  on  hell. 
^  Lest  thou  shouldest  ponder  the  path  of  hfe, 

Her  ways  are  movable,  that  thou  canst  not  know  them. 
■^  Hear  me  now  therefore,  O  ye  children  ! 

And  depart  not  from  the  words  of  my  mouth. 
^  Remove  thy  way  far  from  her. 

And  come  not  nigh  the  door  of  her  house  : 
^  Lest  thou  give  thine  honor  unto  others. 
And  thy  years  unto  the  cruel ; 
i  Heb.  strength,    lo  Lgg^  straugcrs  be  filled  with  thy  twealth  ; 

And  thy  labors  be  in  the  house  of  a  stranger ; 
^^  And  thou  mourn  at  the  last. 

When  thy  flesh  and  thy  body  are  consumed, 
^-  And  say,  How  have  I  hated  instruction, 

And  my  heart  despised  reproof ; 
13  And  have  not  obeyed  the  voice  of  my  teachers, 

Nor  inclined  mine  ear  to  them  that  instructed  me ! 
1^  I  was  almost  in  all  evil 

In  the  midst  of  the  congregation  and  assembly. 

1^  Drink  waters  out  of  thine  own  cistern, 
And  running  waters  out  of  thine  own  well. 
1^  Let  thy  fountains  be  dispersed  abroad, 

And  rivers  of  waters  in  the  streets. 
1^  Let  them  be  only  thine  own. 
And  not  strangers  with  thee. 
1^  Let  thy  fountain  be  blessed  ; 

And  rejoice  with  the  wife  of  thy  youth. 
"il  f'^'^'i^^'   ^^  ^®^  °^i^'"  ^^  ^^  ^'^®  loving  hind  and  pleasant  roe ; 
*neh.  water  thee.       Let  her  brcasts  *satisfy  thee  at  all  times  ; 
t  Heb.  err  thou  Aud  tbc  thou  ravislicd  always  with  her  love. 

love?" '"  ""^      20  And  why  wilt  thou,  my  son,  be  ravished  with  a  strange  woman, 

And  embrace  the  bosom  of  a  stranger  ? 
^iut&il'^h    ^^  For  ^the  ways  of  man  are  before  the  eyes  of  the  Lord, 
19'  Ho  V'o^He'       -^^^^  ^^  pondereth  all  his  goings. 
4. "13.  ■  ■"■     '22  fjjg  SQ^yj^  iniquities  shall  take  the  wicked  himself, 

' ^Heh'!^n  "^"^  '^®  ^'^^'^  ^^^  holden  with  the  cords  of  his  Isins. 

23  jjg  gj^g^ii  jjg  without  instruction  ; 

And  in  the  greatness  of  his  folly  he  shall  go  astray. 

1  My  son,  if  thou  be  surety  for  thy  friend.  Chap.  vi. 

If  thou  hast  stricken  thy  hand  with  a  stranger, 
^  Thou  art  snared  with  the  words  of  thy  mouth. 
Thou  art  taken  with  the  words  of  thy  mouth. 
3  Do  this  now,  my  son,  and  deliver  thyself. 
When  tliou  art  come  into  the  hand  of  thy  friend  ; 
*^-llZwkhm/       Go,  humble  thyself,  *and  make  sure  thy  friend. 
fnend.  4  Qyy^Q  not  slccp  to  thiuc  eyes. 

Nor  slumber  to  thine  eyehds. 
^  Deliver  thyself  as  a  roe  from  the  hand  of  the  hunter, 
And  as  a  bird  from  the  hand  of  the  fowler. 

^  Go  to  the  ant,  thou  sluggard  ; 
Consider  her  ways,  and  be  wise  : 
"^  Which  having  no  guide,  overseer,  or  ruler, 
^  Provideth  her  meat  in  the  summer, 
And  gathereth  her  food  in  the  harvest. 
VOL.   1.  2w* 


582 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


I  Heb.  castelh 
forth. 


s  Je.  19.  11. 
1 2  Ch.  36.  16. 

J  Heb.  of  his  soul. 

*  Heb.  Haughty 
eyes, 
u  Is.  1.  15. 
V  Ge.  6.  5. 
w  Is.  59. 7.  Ilo.  a 


9  How  long  wilt  thou  sleep,  O  sluggard  ? 

When  wilt  thou  arise  out  of  thy  sleep  ? 
^°  Yet  a  little  sleep,  a  little  slumber, 

A  little  folding  of  the  hands  to  sleep : 
"  So  shall  thy  poverty  come  as  one  that  travelleth, 

And  thy  want  as  an  armed  man. 

^^  A  naughty  person,  a  wicked  man, 

Walketh  with  a  froward  mouth. 
^3  He  winketh  with  his  eyes. 

He  speaketh  with  his  feet, 

He  teacheth  with  his  fingers. 
1^  Frowardness  is  in  his  heart,  Hie  deviseth  mischief ; 

Continually  he  tsoweth  discord. 
^^  Therefore  shall  his  calamity  come  suddenly  ; 

Suddenly  shall  he  'be  broken  'without  remedy. 
^*^  These  six  things  doth  the  Lord  hate  : 

Yea,  seven  are  an  abomination  Junto  him : 
^^  *A  proud  look,  a  lying  tongue, 

And  "hands  that  shed  innocent  blood, 
IS  A  'heart  that  deviseth  wicked  imaginations, 

Feet  "that  be  swift  in  running  to  mischief, 
^^  A  false  witness  that  speaketh  lies, 

And  him  that  soweth  discord  among  brethren. 
-^  My  ""son,  keep  thy  father's  commandment, 

And  forsake  not  the  law  of  thy  mother  : 

21  Bind  them  continually  upon  thy  heart, 
And  tie  them  about  thy  neck. 

22  When  thou  goest — it  shall  lead  thee  ; 
When  thou  sleepest — it  shall  keep  thee  ; 
And  when  thou  awakest — it  shall  talk  with  thee. 

23  For  ''the  commandment  is  a  tlamp  ;  and  the  law  is  light ; 
And  reproofs  of  instruction  are  the  way  of  Ufe  : 

2'*  To  keep  thee  from  the  evil  woman. 

From  the  flattery  tof  the  tongue  of  a  strange  woman. 
2^  Lust  ""not  after  her  beauty  in  thy  heart ; 

Neither  let  her  take  thee  with  her  eyelids. 
26  For  by  means  of  a  whorish  woman  a  man  is  brought  to  a  piece  of 
bread  : 

And  *the  adulteress  will  "hunt  for  the  precious  life. 
2''  Can  a  man  take  fire  in  his  bosom. 

And  his  clothes  not  be  burned  ? 
2S  Can  one  go  upon  hot  coals. 

And  his  feet  not  be  burned  ? 
29  So  ''he  that  goeth  in  to  his  neighbour's  wife ; 

Whosoever  toucheth  her  shall  not  be  innocent. 
^^  Men  do  not  despise  a  thief. 

If  he  steal  to  satisfy  his  soul  when  he  is  hungry  ; 

31  IJut  if  he  be  found,  'he  shall  restore  sevenfold  ; 
He  shall  give  all  the  substance  of  his  house. 

32  But  whoso  committeth  adultery  with  a  woman  lacketh  funderstand- 
He  that  doeth  it  destroycth  his  own  soul.  [ing : 

33  A  wound  and  dishonor  shall  he  get ; 

And  his  reproach  shall  not  be  wiped  away. 
dGe.39. 19.        34  p^^^  ''jcalousy  is  the  rage  of  a  man  : 

Therefore  he  will  not  spare  in  the  day  of  vengeance. 
I  ueh.  arcyt  the    35  jjg  ^y[[\  ^^t  ticgard  any  ransom  ; 
fauofanyran.        j^qI^i^q^  ^yiU  hc  rcst  contcut,  tliough  thou  givcst  many  gifts. 


y  ¥3.  19.  8.  & 

119.  105. 
I  Or,  candle. 


t  Or,  of  the 
strange  tongue 
I  Mat.  5.  23. 


*  Heb.  the 
of  a  man,  or,  a 
man's  ic'/e.  Ge. 
39.  14. 

aEz.  13.  18. 


\  Heb.  heart. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


583 


«  Le.  18.  5.  Is. 
35.3. 
/De.  32.  10. 
^rDe.  6.  8.  &  11. 


'  Heb.  t!ic  sons. 


t  Heb.  in  the  eve- 
ning of  the  day. 


h  1  Ti.  5.  13.  Tit. 
2.5. 


iGe.  39.  12. 

X  Heb.  she 
strengthened  her 
Jhce,  and  said. 

*  Heb.  Peace  of- 
ferings are  upon 


^  Heb.  in  his  hand.   20 


Heb.  suddenly.     22 


j  Ec.  9.  1-2 


^  My  son,  keep  my  words, 

And  lay  up  my  commandments  with  thee. 
^  Keep  'my  commandments,  and  Uve ; 

And  ^my  law  as  the  apple  of  thine  eye. 
^  Bind  ^them  upon  thy  fingers, 

Write  them  upon  the  table  of  thy  heart. 
'^  Say  unto  Wisdom,  Thou  art  my  sister  ; 

And  call  Understanding  thy  kinswoman  : 
^  That  they  may  keep  thee  from  the  strange  woman, 

From  the  stranger  which  flattereth  with  her  words. 
^  For  at  the  window  of  my  house 

I  looked  through  my  casement, 
"^  And  beheld  among  the  simple  ones, 

I  discerned  among  *the  youths, 

A  young  man  void  of  understanding, 
^  Passing  through  the  street  near  her  corner  ; 

And  he  went  the  way  to  her  house, 
^  In  the  twilight,  tin  the  evening. 

In  the  black  and  dark  night  : 
^°  And,  behold,  there  met  him  a  woman 

With  the  attire  of  a  harlot,  and  subtil  of  heart. 
^^  (She  is  loud  and  stubborn  : 

Her  ''feet  abide  not  in  her  house  : 
^^  Now  is  she  without,  now  in  the  streets, 

And  lieth  in  wait  at  every  corner). 
^^  So  'she  caught  him,  and  kissed  him, 

And  twith  an  impudent  face  said  unto  him, — 
^^  *I  have  peace  offerings  with  me  ; 

This  day  have  I  paid  my  vows. 
^^  Therefore  came  I  forth  to  meet  thee, 

Diligently  to  seek  thy  face,  and  I  have  found  thee. 
^^  1  have  decked  my  bed  with  coverings  of  tapestry, 

With  carved  works,  with  fine  linen  of  Egypt. 
^"^  I  have  perfumed  my  bed 

With  myrrh,  aloes,  and  cinnamon. 
^^  Come,  let  us  take  our  fill  of  love  until  the  morning : 

Let  us  solace  ourselves  with  loves. 
^^  For  the  goodman  is  not  at  home. 

He  is  gone  a  long  journey  : 

He  hath  taken  a  bag  of  money  twith  him. 

And  will  come  home  at  tthe  day  appointed." 

With  her  much  fair  speech  she  caused  him  to  yield, 

With  the  flattering  of  her  lips  she  forced  him. 

He  goeth  after  her  *straightway, 

As  an  ox  goeth  to  the  slaughter. 

Or  as  a  fool  to  the  correction  of  the  stocks  ; 
2^  Till  a  dart  strike  through  his  liver ; 

As  ^a  bird  hasteth  to  the  snare. 

And  knoweth  not  that  it  is  for  his  life. 

^^  Hearken  unto  me  now  therefore,  O  ye  children  ! 

And  attend  to  the  words  of  my  mouth. 
2^  Let  not  thy  heart  decline  to  her  ways. 

Go  not  astray  in  her  paths. 
^^  For  she  hath  cast  down  many  wounded : 

Yea,  'many  strong  men  have  been  slain  by  her. 
2^  Her  house  is  the  way  to  hell, 

Going  down  to  the  chambers  of  death. 


Chap.  vii. 


584 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


I  Hcb.  Ihe  abomi- 
nation of  imj  lips 


%  Heb.  wreathed. 


I  Job  28.  15,  &c. 

Ps.  19.  10.  & 

119.  127. 
•  Or,  sublHtij. 


n  Da.  2.21.  Ro. 
13.  1. 


0  1  Pa.  2.  30.  Ps, 
91.  14.  Jo.  14. 
21. 

pJa.  1.5. 

q  Mat.  (i.  33. 


t  Or,  Tcalk. 


J  Or,  open  places. 
*  Or,  the  chief 
part. 
f  Or,  o  circle. 


1  Doth  not  Wisdom  cry?  -   Chap.  viii. 

And  Understanding  put  forth  her  voice? 

2  She  standcth  in  the  top  of  high  places, 
By  the  way  in  the  places  of  the  paths. 

3  She  crieth  at  the  gates,  at  the  entry  of  the  city, 
At  the  coming  in  at  the  doors. 

^  Unto  you,  O  men !  I  call ; 

And  my  voice  is  to  the  sons  of  man. 
^  O  ye  simple  !    understand  wisdom  : 

And,  ye  fools  !  be  ye  of  an  understanding  heart. 
^  Hear  ;  for  I  will  speak  of  excellent  things  ; 

And  the  opening  of  my  lips  shall  be  right  things. 
'''  For  my  mouth  shall  speak  truth  ; 

And  wickedness  is  tan  abomination  to  my  lips. 
^  All  the  words  of  my  mouth  are  in  righteousness  ; 

There  is  nothing  tfroward  or  perverse  in  them. 
^  They  are  all  plain  to  him  that  understandeth. 

And  right  to  them  that  find  knowledge. 
^°  Receive  my  instruction,  and  not  silver ; 

And  knowledge  rather  than  choice  gold. 
^^  For  'wisdom  is  better  than  rubies  ; 

And  all  the  things  that  may  be  desired  are  not  to  be  compared  to  it. 
1^  I  Wisdom  dwell  with  *prudence. 

And  find  out  knowledge  of  witty  inventions. 
^^  The  fear  of  the  Lord  is  to  hate  evil : 

Pride,  and  arrogancy,  and  the  evil  way, 

And  the  froward  mouth,  do  I  hate. 
^'^  Counsel  is  mine,  and  sound  wisdom : 

I  am  understanding  ;  '"I  have  strength. 
^^  By  "me  kings  reign, 

And  princes  decree  justice. 
^^  By  me  princes  rule. 

And  nobles,  even  all  the  judges  of  the  earth. 
^■^  I  "love  them  that  love  me ; 

And  ''those  that  seek  me  early  shall  find  me. 
^^  Riches  'and  honor  are  with  me  ; 

Yea,  durable  riches  and  righteousness. 
19  My  fruit  is  better  than  gold,  yea,  than  fine  gold  ; 

And  my  revenue  than  choice  silver. 
-"  I  tlead  in  the  way  of  righteousness, 

In  the  midst  of  the  paths  of  judgment. 
21  That  I  may  cause  those  that'love  me  to  inherit  substance  ; 

And  I  will  fill  their  treasures. 

"  The  'Lord  possessed  me  in  the  beginning  of  his  way, 

Before  his  works  of  old. 
^^  I  "was  set  up  from  everlasting. 

From  the  beginning,  or  ever  the  earth  was. 
-'•  When  there  were  no  depths,  I  was  brought  forth  ; 

When  there  were  no  fountains  abounding  with  water. 
^^'  Before  'the  mountains  were  settled, 

Before  the  hills  was  I  brought  forth  : 
2^5  While  as  yet  he  had  not  made  the  earth. 

Nor  the  tfields,  nor  *the  highest  part  of  the  dust  of  the  world. 
^''  When  he  prepared  the  heavens— I  was  there  : 

When  he  set  fa  compass  upon  the  face  of  the  depth : 
28  When  he  established  the  clouds  above  : 

When  he  strenirthened  ihe  fountains  of  the  deep  : 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


585 


uGe.  1.9,  10. 

Job  38.  10,  11. 

Ps.33.  7.  &.  104. 

9.  Je.  5.  -.Ja. 
V  Job  38.  -1. 
jc  Jo.  1.  I,  2.  18. 
X  Mat.  3.  17.  Col. 

1.  13. 


a  Mat.  16.  18. 

Ep.  2.  20-22. 

1  Pe.  2.  5. 
b  Mat.  -22.  3,  &c. 
*  Heb.  Aer  killing. 


"^  When  "he  gave  to  the  sea  his  decree, 

That  the  waters  should  not  pass  his  commandment : 
When  "he  appointed  the  foundations  of  the  earth, — 
^^  Then  'T  was  by  him,  as  one  brought  up  with  him  : 

And  ""I  was  daily  his  delight,  rejoicing  always  before  him 
2^  Rejoicing  in  the  habitable  part  of  his  earth  ; 
And  ^my  delights  were  with  the  sons  of  men 

^■-  Now  therefore  hearken  unto  me,  O  ye  children  ! 
For  -'blessed  are  they  that  keep  my  ways. 
^^  Hear  instruction,  and  be  wise, 

And  refuse  it  not. 
^"^  Blessed  is  the  man  that  heareth  me, 
Watching  daily  at  my  gates. 
Waiting  at  the  posts  of  my  doors  ! 
^^  For  whoso  findeth  me  findeth  life, 

And  shall  tobtain  favor  of  the  Lord. 
^^  But  he  that  sinneth  against  me  wrongeth  his  own  soul : 
All  they  that  liate  me  love  death. 

^  Wisdom  hath  "builded  her  house, 
She  hath  hewn  out  her  seven  pillars : 
2  She  ''hath  killed  *her  beasts ; 
She  hath  mingled  her  wine  ; 
She  hath  also  furnished  her  table. 
^  She  hath  "sent  forth  her  maidens : 

She  crieth  upon  the  highest  places  of  the  city, 
^  Whoso  ''is  simple — let  him  turn  in  hither : 

As  for  him  that  wanteth  understanding,  she  saith  to  him, — 
^  Come,  'eat  of  my  bread. 

And  drink  of  the  wine  which  I  have  mingled. 
^  Forsake  the  foolish,  and  live  ; 

And  go  in  the  way  of  understanding. 
^  He  that  reproveth  a  scorner  getteth  to  himself  shame : 

And  he  that  rebuketh  a  wicked  man  getteth  himself  a  blot. 
^  Reprove  ^not  a  scorner,  lest  he  hate  thee : 

Rebuke  ''a  wise  man,  and  he  will  love  thee. 
^  Give  instruction  to  a  wise  man,  and  he  will  be  yet  wiser : 

Teach  a  just  man,  ''and  he  will  increase  in  learning. 
i'^  The  ^fear  of  the  Lord  is  the  beginning  of  wisdom : 
And  the  knowledge  of  Hhe  Holy  is  understanding. 
1^  For  by  me  thy  days  shall  be  multiplied. 

And  the  years  of  thy  life  shall  be  increased. 

i~  If  ^thou  be  wise,  thou  shalt  be  wise  for  thyself: 

But  if  thou  scornest,  thou  alone  shalt  bear  it. 

1^  A  foolish  woman  is  clamorous  : 
She  is  simple,  and  knoweth  nothing. 
"  For  she  sitteth  at  the  door  of  her  house, 
On  a  seat  in  the  high  places  of  the  city, 
^^  To  call  passengers 

Who  go  right  on  their  ways : 
^^  Whoso  is  simple — let  him  turn  in  hither : 

And  as  for  him  that  wanteth  understanding,  she  saith  to  him, 
^"^  Stolen  waters  are  sweet. 

And  bread  teaten  in  secret  is  pleasant. 
^^  But  he  knoweth  not  that  the  dead  are  there ; 
And  that  her  guests  are  in  the  depths  of  hell. 
74 


Chap.  ix. 


586 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


PART   11.(9) 


Chap.  x. 


xxii.  1-16. 


a  See  Job  36.  19. 

h  Da.  4.  27. 

c  Ps.  10.  14. 

*  Or,  the  wicked 
for  their  wicked- 


d  Est.  7.  8. 

e  Ps.  9.  5,  6.  &. 

112.  6.  Ec.  8. 

10. 
/See  Job  18.  17. 

t  Heb.  a  fool  of 

lips. 
J  Or,  be  beaten, 
g  Ge.  7.  1.  Pa. 

23.  4.  Is.  33.  15, 

le. 

*  Or,  be  beaten. 
h  Ps.  37.  30. 
j  Ps.  107.  42. 


j  1  Co.  13.  4. 
1  Pe.  4.  8.  Ja.  5. 


t  Heb.  heart. 


t  Job  31.  24.  Ps. 
52.  7.  1  Ti.  6. 
17. 


X  Or,  causelh  to 
err. 

I  Ps.  15.  3. 
m  Ec.  5.  3. 

7t  Ja.  3.  2. 


*  Heb.  of  heart. 
0  See  Ge.  1.  22. 

Job  42.  12.  Ps. 

37.  22. 


p  Job  15.  21. 
q  Ps.  145.  19. 


Jo. 


Alat.  5.  6. 

5.  14,  15. 
r  Ps.  37.  9,  10. 
*  Ps.  15.  5.  Mat. 

7.  24,  25.  &  16. 


^  The  Proverbs  of  Solomon. 
A  wise  son  maketli  a  glad  father  ; 
But  a  foolish  son  is  the  heaviness  of  his  mother. 

~  Treasures  "of  wickedness  profit  nothing ; 
But  ''righteousness  delivereth  from  deatii. 

^  The  'Lord  will  not  sutler  the  soul  of  the  righteous  to  famish  ; 
But  he  casteth  away  *the  substance  of  the  wicked. 

■*  He  becometh  poor  that  dcaleth  with  a  slack  hand  ; 
But  the  hand  of  the  diligent  maketh  rich. 

•^  He  that  gathereth  in  summer  is  a  wise  son  ; 
But  he  that  sleepeth  in  harvest  is  a  son  that  causeth  shame. 

^  Blessings  are  upon  the  head  of  the  just ; 
But  ''violence  covereth  the  mouth  of  the  wicked. 

'  The  'memory  of  the  just  is  blessed  ; 
But  -^the  name  of  the  wicked  shall  rot. 

^  The  wise  in  heart  will  receive  commandments  ; 
But  fa  prating  fool  shall  I  fall. 

^  He  ^that  walketh  uprightly  walketh  surely  ; 
But  he  that  pervertcth  his  ways  shall  be  known. 

^°  He  that  winketh  with  the  eye  causeth  sorrow  ; 
But  a  prating  fool  shall  *fall. 

^^  The  ''mouth  of  a  righteous  man  is  a  well  of  life  ; 
But  ^violence  covereth  the  mouth  of  the  wicked. 

^^  Hatred  stirreth  up  strifes  ; 
But  ^love  covereth  all  sins. 

^^  In  the  lips  of  him  that  hath  understanding  wisdom  is  found ; 
But  a  rod  is  for  the  back  of  him  that  is  void  of  t  understanding. 

'^  Wise  men  lay  up  knowledge ; 
But  the  mouth  of  the  foolish  is  near  destruction. 

^^  The  ''rich  man's  wealth  is  his  strong  city  ; 
The  destruction  of  the  poor  is  their  poverty. 

^'^  The  labor  of  the  righteous  tendeth  to  hfe  ; 
The  fruit  of  the  wicked  to  sin. 

^"  He  is  in  the  way  of  life  that  keepeth  instruction ; 
But  he  that  refuseth  reproof  terreth. 

^'^  He  that  hideth  hatred  with  lying  lips, 
And  'he  that  uttereth  a  slander,  is  a  fool. 

^^  In  '"the  multitude  of  words  there  wanteth  not  sin ; 
But  "he  that  refraineth  his  lips  is  wise. 

^'^  The  tongue  of  tiie  just  is  as  choice  silver: 
The  heart  of  the  wicked  is  little  worth. 

-'  The  lips  of  the  righteous  feed  many ; 
But  fools  die  for  want  *of  wisdom. 

"  The  "blessing  of  the  Lord,  it  maketh  rich, 
And  he  addeth  no  sorrow  with  it. 

^^  It  is  as  sport  to  a  fool  to  do  mischief ; 
But  a  man  of  understanding  hath  wisdom. 

-^  The  ''fear  of  the  wicked,  it  shall  come  upon  him  ; 
But  'the  desire  of  the  righteous  shall  be  granted. 

^^  As  the  whirlwind  passeth,  'so  is  the  wicked  no  more  ; 
But  "the  righteous  is  an  everlasting  foundation. 


(^)  The  second  part  of  this  book  contains  what  may,  with  more  strictness,  be  called  Proverbs  :  that  is, 
unconnected  sentences,  neat  and  simple,  adapted  to  the  instruction  of  youth.  This  part  extends  from 
clia  .  X.  to  chap.  xxii.  end  of  vcr.  16. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


587 


a  Job  8.  13.  P3. 
n-2.  10. 


^•^  As  vinegar  to  the  teeth,  and  as  smoke  to  the  eyes, 
So  is  the  sluggard  to  them  that  send  him. 

2"  The  fear  of  the  Lord  tprolongeth  days  ; 
But  'the  years  of  the  wicked  shall  be  shortened. 

2^  The  hope  of  the  righteous  sliall  be  gladness  ; 
But  "the  expectation  of  the  wicked  shall  perish. 

-^  The  way  of  the  Lord  is  strength  to  the  upright ; 
But  "destruction  shall  be  to  the  workers  of  iniquity. 

30  fpj^g  "righteous  shall  never  be  removed ; 
But  the  wicked  shall  not  inhabit  the  earth. 

3^  The  'mouth  of  the  just  bringeth  forth  wisdom  ; 
But  the  fro  ward  tongue  shall  be  cut  out. 

^■-  The  lips  of  the  righteous  know  what  is  acceptable; 
But  the  mouth  of  the  wicked  speaketh  tfrowardness. 

^  *A  false  balance  is  abomination  to  the  Lord  ;  ^^ap  xi, 

But  ta  just  weight  is  his  delight. 

-  When  ^pride  cometh,  then  cometh  shame ; 
But  with  the  lowly  is  wisdom. 

^  The  integrity  of  the  upright  shall  guide  them  ; 
But  the  perverseness  of  transgressors  shall  destroy  them. 

"*  Riches  ""profit  not  in  the  day  of  wrath ; 
But  "righteousness  delivereth  from  death. 

^  The  righteousness  of  the  perfect  shall  tdirect  his  way  ; 
But  the  wicked  shall  fall  by  his  own  wickedness. 

^  The  righteousness  of  the  upright  shall  deliver  them  ; 
But  transgressors  shall  be  taken  in  their  own  naughtiness. 

^  When  a  wicked  man  dieth,  his  expectation  shall  perish  ; 
And  the  hope  of  unjust  men  perisheth. 

^  The  righteous  is  delivered  out  of  trouble, 
And  the  wicked  cometh  in  his  stead. 

^  A  'hypocrite  with  his  mouth  destroyeth  his  neighbour  ; 
But  through  knowledge  shall  the  just  be  delivered. 

^°  When  '^it  goeth  well  with  the  righteous,  the  city  rejoiceth, 
And  when  the  wicked  perish,  there  is  shouting. 

^^  By  the  blessing  of  the  upright  the  city  is  exalted  ; 
But  it  is  overthrown  by  the  mouth  of  the  wicked. 

^^  He  that  is  *void  of  wisdom  despiseth  his  neighbour ; 
But  a  man  of  understanding  holdeth  his  peace. 

^^  t  A  talebearer  revealeth  secrets  ; 
But  he  that  is  of  a  faithful  spirit  concealeth  the  matter. 

^^  Where  'no  counsel  is,  the  people  fall ; 
But  in  the  multitude  of  counsellors  there  is  safety. 

1^  He  that  is  surety  for  a  stranger  shall  Ismart  for  it, 
And  he  that  hateth  *suretiship  is  sure. 

^^  A  gracious  woman  retaineth  honor, 
And  strong  men  retain  riches. 

''  The  -^merciful  man  doeth  good  to  his  own  soul ; 
But  he  that  is  cruel  troubleth  his  own  flesh. 

^^  The  wicked  worketh  a  deceitful  work  ; 
But  "'to  him  that  soweth  righteousness  shall  be  a  sure  reward. 

^^  As  righteousness  tendeth  to  life, 
So  he  that  pursueth  evil  pursueth  it  to  his  own  death. 

^^  They  that  are  of  a  froward  heart  are  abomination  to  the  Lord  : 
But  such  as  are  upright  in  their  way  are  his  delight. 

2^  Though  hand  join  in  hand,  the  wicked  shall  not  be  unpunished  ; 
But  Hhe  seed  of  the  righteous  shall  be  delivered. 


588 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


t  Heb.  deparUtk 
from. 


i  Ro.  2.  8,  9. 
j  Ps.  112.  9. 


J  Heb.  The  soul 
of  blessing.  2  Co. 
9.  6-10. 

k  Mat.  5.  7. 

/  Am.  8.  5,  6. 

m  Job  29.  13. 


n  Est.  7. 10.  Ps. 

7.  15, 16.  &  10. 

2.  &  57.  6. 
0  Job  31.  24.  Pa. 

52.  7.  Ma.  10. 

24.  1  Ti.  6.  17. 
p  Ps.  1.  3.  Je.  17. 

8. 
q  Ec.  5.  16. 

r  Da.  12.  3.  1  Co. 

9.  19,  &c.  Ja.  5. 

20. 

*  Heb.  taketh. 
s  Je.  25.  29.  1  Pe. 

4.  17,  18. 


u  Ps.  37.  36,  37. 
Mat.  7.  24-27. 


V  1  Sa.  25.  17. 
■f  Heb.  perverse 
of  heart. 

IB  De.  95.  4. 
X  Or,  bowels. 
X  Ge.  3.  19. 

*  Or,  the  fortress. 


t  Heb.  TTic  snare 
nflhe  wicked  is  i7i 
the  transgression, 
uf  lips. 

y  2  Pe.  2.  9. 

lis.  3.  10,11. 

a  Lu.  18.  11. 


X  Heo.  in  Omt  day. 


2-  As  a  jewel  of  gold  in  a  swine's  snout, 
So  is  a  fair  woman  which  lis  without  discretion. 

-^  The  desire  of  the  righteous  is  only  good ; 
But  the  expectation  of  the  wicked  'is  wrath. 

-^  There  is  that  ^scattereth,  and  yet  increaseth, 
And  there   is  that  withholdeth  more  than  is  meet,  but  it  tendeth  to 
poverty. 

-'"  tTlie  liberal  soul  shall  be  made  fat, 
And  'he  that  watereth  shall  be  watered  also  himself. 

-^  He  'that  withholdeth  corn,  the  people  shall  curse  him  ; 
But  '"blessing  shall  be  upon  the  head  of  him  that  selleth  it. 

-'  He  that  diligently  seeketh  good  procureth  favor  ; 
But  "he  that  seeketh  mischief,  it  shall  come  unto  him. 

-^  He  "that  trusteth  in  his  riches  shall  fall  ; 
But  ^the  righteous  shall  flourish  as  a  branch. 

-3  He  that  troubleth  his  own  house  'shall  inherit  the  wind ; 
And  the  fool  shall  be  servant  to  the  wise  of  heart. 

3°  The  fruit  of  the  righteous  is  a  tree  of  life  ; 
And  '^he  that  *winneth  souls  is  wise. 

^^  Behold,  "the  righteous  shall  be  recompensed  in  the  earth : 
Much  more  the  wicked  and  the  sinner  ! 

^  Whoso  loveth  instruction  loveth  knowledge  ;  Chap.  xU. 

But  he  that  hateth  reproof  is  brutish. 

^  A  good  man  obtaineth  favor  of  the  Lord  ; 
But  a  man  of  wicked  devices  will  he  condemn. 

3  A  man  shall  not  be  established  by  wickedness  ; 
But  the  root  of  the  righteous  shall  not  be  moved. 

^  A  'virtuous  woman  is  a  crown  to  her  husband  ; 
But  she  that  maketh  ashamed  is  as  rottenness  in  his  bones. 

^  The  thoughts  of  the  righteous  are  right ; 
But  the  counsels  of  the  wicked  are  deceit. 

*^  The  words  of  the  wicked  are  to  lie  in  wait  for  blood  ; 
But  the  mouth  of  the  upright  shall  deliver  them. 

'  The  "wicked  are  overthrown,  and  are  not ; 
But  the  house  of  the  righteous  shall  stand. 

^  A  man  shall  be  commended  according  to  his  wisdom  ; 
But  ''he  that  is  tof  a  perverse  heart  shall  be  despised. 

^  He  that  is  despised,  and  hath  a  servant. 
Is  better  than  he  that  honoreth  himself,  and  lacketh  bread. 

^°  A  ""righteous  man  regardeth  the  life  of  his  beast ; 
But  the  Jtender  mercies  of  the  wicked  arc  cruel. 

11  He  ""that  tilleth  his  land  shall  be  satisfied  with  bread  ; 
But  he  that  followcth  vain  persons  is  void  of  understanding. 

1'^  The  wicked  dcsireth  *the  net  of  evil  men  ; 
But  the  root  of  the  righteous  yieldeth  fruit. 

1^  IThe  wicked  is  snared  by  the  transgression  of  his  lips  ; 
But  ^the  just  shall  come  out  of  trouble. 

I'l  A  man  shall  be  satisfied  with  good  by  the  fruit  of  his  mouth, 
And  'the  recompence  of  a  man's  hands  shall  be  rendered  unto  him. 

15  The  "way  of  a  fool  is  right  in  his  own  eyes ; 
But  he  that  hearkeneth  unto  counsel  is  wise. 

'"  A  fool's  wrath  is  tpresently  known  ; 
But  a  prudent  man  covereth  shame. 

1^  He  that  speaketh  truth  showeth  forth  righteousness  ; 
But  a  false  witness  deceit. 

IS  There  ''is  that  speaketh  like  the  piercings  of  a  sword  ; 
But  the  tongue  of  the  wise  is  health. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


589 


*  Or,  candle.  Job 
18.  5,  6.  &  21. 
17. 


t  Heb.  with  i 
hand. 


h  2  Cb.  36.  16. 
X  Or,  in  peace. 


Heb.  spreadelh. 


t  Heb.  an  ambas- 
sador of  faithftd- 
ness. 


Chap.  xiii. 


^^  The  lip  of  truth  shall  be  established  for  ever  ; 
But  "a  lying  tongue  is  but  for  a  moment. 

2°  Deceit"  is  in  the  heart  of  them  that  imagine  evil ; 
But  to  the  counsellors  of  peace  is  joy. 

21  There  shall  no  evil  happen  to  the  just ; 
But  the  wicked  shall  be  filled  with  mischief. 

2^  Lying  ''lips  are  abomination  to  the  Lord  ; 
But  they  that  deal  truly  are  his  delight. 

2^  A  prudent  man  concealeth  knowledge  ; 
But  the  heart  of  fools  proclaimeth  foolishness. 

^■*  The  hand  of  the  diligent  shall  bear  rule ; 
But  the  *slothful  shall  be  under  tribute. 

2^  Heaviness  in  the  heart  of  man  maketh  it  stoop  ; 
But  'a  good  word  maketh  it  glad. 

2^  The  righteous  is  more  texcellent  than  his  neighbour  ; 
But  the  way  of  the  wicked  seduceth  them. 

27  The  slothful  man  roasteth  not  that  which  he  took  in  hunting; 
But  the  substance  of  a  diligent  man  is  precious. 

28  Li  the  way  of  righteousness  is  life, 
And  in  the  pathway  thereof  there  is  no  death. 

1  A  wise  son  heareth  his  father's  instruction  ; 
But  ^B.  scorner  heareth  not  rebuke. 

2  A  man  shall  eat  good  by  the  fruit  of  his  mouth  ; 
But  the  soul  of  the  transgressors  shall  eat  violence. 

3  He  ^that  keepeth  his  mouth  keepeth  his  life  ; 

But  he  that  openeth  wide  his  lips  shall  have  destruction. 

"^  The  soul  of  the  sluggard  desireth,  and  hath  nothing  ; 
But  the  soul  of  the  diligent  shall  be  made  fat. 

^  A  righteous  man  hateth  lying ; 
But  a  wicked  man  is  loathsome,  and  cometh  to  shame. 

^  Righteousness  keepeth  him  that  is  upright  in  the  way  ; 
But  wickedness  overthroweth  Uhe  sinner. 

'  There  is  that  maketh  himself  rich — yet  hath  nothing: 
There  is  that  maketh  himself  poor — yet  hath  great  riches. 

8  The  ransom  of  a  man's  Ufe  are  his  riches ; 
But  the  poor  heareth  not  rebuke. 

^  The  light  of  the  righteous  rejoicelh  ; 
But  the  *lamp  of  the  wicked  shall  be  put  out. 

1"  Only  by  pride  cometh  contention  ; 
But  with  the  well-advised  is  wisdom. 

11  Wealth  gotten  by  vanity  shall  be  diminished  ; 
But  he  that  gathereth  tby  labor  shall  increase. 

12  Hope  deferred  maketh  the  heart  sick  ; 
But  when  the  desire  cometh,  it  is  a  tree  of  life. 

13  Whoso  ''despiseth  the  word  shall  be  destroyed  ; 

But  he  that  feareth  the  commandment  shall  be  trewarded. 

i"!  The  law  of  the  wise  is  a  fountain  of  life, 
To  depart  from  Hhe  snares  of  death. 

1^  Good  understanding  giveth  favor  ; 
But  the  way  of  transgressors  is  hard. 

1*'  Every  prudent  man  dealeth  with  knowledge  ; 
But  a  fool  *layeth  open  his  folly. 

1'''  A  wicked  messenger  falleth  into  mischief; 
But  ta  faithful  ambassador  is  health. 

1^  Poverty  and  shame  shall  be  to  him  that  refuseth  instruction  ; 
But  he  that  regardeth  reproof  shall  be  honored. 

2x 


590 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


J  Heb.  broken. 
i  Ps.  32.  10. 


•  Heb.  the 
ness  oflus 

bitter- 
!  so  III 

0  Job  8.  15 

pRo.  6.21 

g  Ec.  2.  2. 

\  Heb.  many  are 
the  lovers  of  the 

rich. 


^^  The  desire  accomplished  is  sweet  to  the  soul ; 
But  it  is  abomination  to  fools  to  depart  from  evil. 

^°  He  that  walketh  with  wise  men  shall  be  wise ; 
But  a  companion  of  fools  shall  be  tdestroyed. 

-^  Evil  ^pursueth  sinners  ; 
But  to  the  righteous  good  shall  be  repaid. 

"  A  good  man  leaveth  an  inheritance  to  his  children's  children, 
And  ''the  wealth  of  the  sinner  is  laid  up  for  the  just. 

^^  Much  food  is  in  the  tillage  of  the  poor ; 
But  there  is  that  is  destroyed  for  want  of  judgment. 

-^  He  that  spareth  his  rod  hateth  his  son  ; 
But  he  that  loveth  liim  chasteneth  him  betimes. 

^■^  The  'righteous  eateth  to  the  satisfying  of  his  soul  ; 
But  the  belly  of  the  wicked  shall  want. 

^  Every  wise  woman  buildeth  her  house;  Chap.  xiv. 

But  the  foolish  plucketh  it  down  with  her  hands. 

^  He  that  walketh  in  his  uprightness  feareth  the  Lord  ; 
But  '"he  that  is  perverse  in  his  ways  despiseth  him. 

^  In  the  mouth  of  the  foohsh  is  a  rod  of  pride ; 
But  the  lips  of  the  wise  shall  preserve  them. 

'^  Where  no  oxen  are,  the  crib  is  clean  ; 
But  much  increase  is  by  the  strength  of  the  ox. 

^  A  "faithful  witness  will  not  lie  ; 
But  a  false  witness  will  utter  lies. 

*"  A  scorner  seeketh  wisdom,  and  findeth  it  not ; 
But  knowledge  is  easy  unto  him  that  understandeth. 

"  Go  from  the  presence  of  a  foolish  man, 
When  thou  perceivest  not  in  him  the  lips  of  knowledge. 

^  The  wisdom  of  the  prudent  is  to  understand  his  way ; 
But  the  folly  of  fools  is  deceit. 

^  Fools  make  a  mock  at  sin  ; 
But  among  the  righteous  there  is  favor. 

^°  The  heart  knoweth  *his  own  bitterness. 
And  a  stranger  doth  not  intermeddle  with  his  joy. 

^'  The  "house  of  the  wicked  shall  be  overthrown ; 
But  the  tabernacle  of  the  upright  shall  flourish. 

^-  There  is  a  way  which  seemeth  right  unto  a  man. 
But  ''the  end  thereof  are  the  ways  of  death. 

^•^  Even  in  laughter  the  heart  is  sorrowful, 
And  'the  end  of  that  mirth  is  heaviness. 

^^  The  backslider  in  heart  shall  be  filled  with  his  own  ways ; 
And  a  good  man  shall  be  satisfied  from  himself. 

^^  The  simple  believeth  every  word  ; 
But  the  prudent  man  looketh  well  to  his  going. 

"*  A  wise  man  feareth,  and  departeth  from  evil ; 
But  the  fool  rageth,  and  is  confident. 

^"^  He  that  is  soon  angry  dealeth  foolishly  ; 
And  a  man  of  wicked  devices  is  hated. 

'^  The  simple  inherit  folly  ; 
But  the  prudent  are  crowned  with  knowledge. 

'^  The  evil  bow  before  the  good, 
And  the  wicked  at  the  gates  of  the  righteous. 

""  The  poor  is  hated  even  of  his  own  neighbour ; 
But  tthe  rich  hath  many  friends. 

-'  He  that  despiseth  his  neighbour  sinneth  ; 
But    he  that  hath  mercy  on  the  poor,  happy  is  he  ! 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


591 


w  Job  13.  15.  & 
19.  2ti.  Ps  -23.  4. 
&  37.  .37.  2  Co. 
1.  9.  &  5.  8. 
2  Ti.  4.  18. 


Ileb.  to  nations. 
Mat.  24.  45,  47. 


z  1  Sa.  25.  10, 

■Sec.  1  Ki.  12. 

13,  14,  IB. 
t  Heb.  belcheth, 

or,  bubbleth. 
oSeeGe.  3.  8. 

Job  14.  16. 


6  Is.  1.  11.  &  61. 

8.  &66.3.  Je.  6. 

20.  &  7.  -22.  Am. 
5.22. 

clTi.  6.  11. 
*  Or,  Instmction. 
d  1  Ki.  22.  8. 
e  See  Job  26.  6. 

/2  Ch.  6.  30.   Ps. 

7.  9.  &  44.  21. 
John  2.  24,  25.  & 

21.  17.  Ac.  1.24. 


^2  Do  they  not  err  that  devise  evil  ? 
But  mercy  and  truth  shall  be  to  them  that  devise  good. 

^^  In  all  labor  there  is  profit ; 
But  the  talk  of  the  lips  tendeth  only  to  penury. 

^■^  The  crown  of  the  wise  is  their  riches ; 
But  the  foolishness  of  fools  is  folly. 

^^  A  true  witness  delivereth  souls  ; 
But  a  deceitful  witness  speaketh  lies. 

^^  In  the  fear  of  the  Lord  is  strong  confidence, 
And  his  children  shall  have  a  place  of  refuge. 

^^  The  fear  of  the  Lord  is  a  fountain  of  life, 
To  depart  from  the  snares  of  death. 

^^  In  the  multitude  of  people  is  the  king's  honor ; 
But  in  the  want  of  people  is  the  destruction  of  the  prince. 

-^  He  ^that  is  slow  to  wrath  is  of  great  understanding ; 
But  he  that  is  thasty  of  spirit  e.xalteth  folly. 

^^  A  sound  heart  is  the  life  of  the  flesh ; 
But  'envy  the  rottenness  of  the  bones. 

^^  He  "that  oppresseth  the  poor  reproacheth  "his  Maker : 
But  he  that  honoreth  him  hath  mercy  on  the  poor. 

^~  The  wicked  is  driven  away  in  his  wickedness  ; 
But  "the  righteous  hath  hope  in  his  death. 

^■^  Wisdom  resteth  in  the  heart  of  him  that  hath  understanding ; 
But  that  which  is  in  the  midst  of  fools  is  made  known. 

^*  Righteousness  exalteth  a  nation  ; 
But  sin  is  a  reproach  *to  any  people. 

^^  The  ""king's  favor  is  toward  a  wise  servant ; 
But  his  wrath  is  against  him  that  causeth  shame. 

^  A  ^soft  answer  turneth  away  wrath ;  Ch4p.  xv, 

But  ^grievous  words  stir  up  anger. 

^  The  tongue  of  the  wise  useth  knowledge  aright ; 
But  the  mouth  of  fools  tpoureth  out  foolishness. 

^  The  ''eyes  of  the  Lord  are  in  every  place, 
Beholding  the  evil  and  the  good. 

^  t  A  wholesome  tongue  is  a  tree  of  life  ; 
But  perverseness  therein  is  a  breach  in  the  spirit. 

^  A  fool  despiseth  his  father's  instruction ; 
But  he  that  regardeth  reproof  is  prudent. 

^  In  the  house  of  the  righteous  is  much  treasure ; 
But  in  the  revenues  of  the  wicked  is  trouble. 

''  The  lips  of  the  wise  disperse  knowledge  ; 
But  the  heart  of  the  foolish  doeth  not  so. 

^  The  ''sacrifice  of  the  wicked  is  an  abomination  to  the  Lord  ; 
But  the  prayer  of  the  upright  is  his  delight. 

^  The  way  of  the  wicked  is  an  abomination  unto  the  Lord  ; 
But  he  loveth  him  that  Tolloweth  after  righteousness. 

^°  *Correction  ''is  grievous  unto  him  that  forsaketh  the  way, 
And  he  that  hateth  reproof  shall  die. 

^^  Hell  'and  destruction  are  before  the  Lord  : 
How  much  more  then  •'the  hearts  of  the  children  of  men  ! 

^^  A  ^scorner  loveth  not  one  that  reproveth  him  ; 
Neither  will  he  go  unto  the  wise, 

^^.A  merry  heart  maketh  a  cheerful  countenance  ; 
But  by  sorrow  of  the  heart  the  spirit  is  broken. 

1'^  The  heart  of  him  that  hath  understanding  seeketh  knowledge  : 
But  the  mouth  of  fools  feedeth  on  foolishness. 


592 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


A  Pe.  37.  16. 
1  Ti.  6.  6. 


t  Heb.  is  raised  up 
as  a  causey. 


X  Heb.  void  vf 
heart. 


Eph.  5.  15. 


Heb.  in  his  sea- 


j  Phil.  3.  20.  Col. 
3.  1,  2. 


k  Ps.  68.  5,  6.  &. 
146.  9. 

I  Ps.  37.  30. 
f  Heb.  words  of 
pleasantness, 
m  Is.  5.  8.  Je.  17. 


0  Ps.  10.  1.  &  34. 
16. 
;.  Ps.  145.  18,  19. 


J  Or,  correction. 
*  Or,  obeyeth. 
I  Heb.  posscsseth 
a  heart. 


i  Or,  dis])osings. 
Je.  10.  23. 
q  Mat.  10.  19,  20. 

r  1  Sa.  16.  7. 

*  Heb.  Roll.  Ps. 
37.  5.  &  55.  K. 
iM;it.  6.  ^'y.  Lu 
12.  22.  Phil.  4. 
6.  1  Pet.  5.  7. 

s  Is.  43.  7.  Uo. 
11.  36. 

tJob21.30.  Ro. 
9.22. 

■f  Heb.  held  inno- 
cent. 

u  Da.  4.  27. 
Lu.  11.41. 


to  Ps.  37.  03.  Je. 

10.23. 
J  Heb.  Divination. 


^5  All  the  days  of  the  afflicted  are  evil ; 
But  he  that  is  of  a  merry  heart  hath  a  continual  feast. 

1^  Better  ''is  little  with  the  fear  of  the  Lord, 
Than  great  treasure  and  trouble  therewith. 

^■^  Better  is  a  dinner  of  herbs  where  love  is, 
Than  a  stalled  ox  and  hatred  therewith. 

1^  A  wrathful  man  stirreth  up  strife  ; 
But  he  that  is  slow  to  anger  appeaseth  strife. 

^^  The  way  of  the  slothful  man  is  as  a  hedge  of  thorns ; 
But  the  way  of  the  righteous  tis  made  plain. 

-"  A  wise  son  niaketh  a  glad  father ; 
But  a  foolish  man  despiseth  his  mother. 

^1  Folly  is  joy  to  him  that  is  tdestitute  of  wisdom  ; 
But  'a  man  of  understanding  walketh  u[)rightly. 

^-  Without  counsel,  purposes  are  disappointed  ; 
But  in  the  multitude  of  counsellors  they  are  established. 

2^  A  man  hath  joy  by  the  answer  of  his  mouth, 
And  a  word  spoken  *in  due  season,  how  good  is  it ! 

-^  The  'way  of  life  is  above  to  the  wise, 
That  he  may  depart  from  hell  beneath. 

-^  The  Lord  will  destroy  the  house  of  the  proud  ; 
But  *he  will  establish  the  border  of  the  widow. 

26  The  thoughts  of  the  wicked  are  an  abomination  to  the  Lord  ; 
But  'the  words  of  the  pure  are  tpleasant  words. 

2"  He  "that  is  greedy  of  gain  troubleth  his  own  house ; 
But  he  that  hateth  gifts  shall  live. 

-^  The  heart  of  the  righteous  "studieth  to  answer  ; 
But  the  mouth  of  the  wicked  poureth  out  evil  things. 

23  The  "Lord  is  far  from  the  wicked  ; 
But  ^he  heareth  the  prayer  of  the  righteous. 

3"  The  light  of  the  eyes  rejoiceth  the  heart, 
And  a  good  report  maketh  the  bones  fat. 

31  The  ear  that  heareth  the  reproof  of  life  abideth  among  the  wise. 

3-  He  that  lefuseth  tinstruction  despiseth  his  own  soul : 
But  he  that  "heareth  reproof  tgetteth  understanding. 

2"  The  fear  of  the  Lord  is  the  instruction  of  wisdom  ; 
And  before  honor  is  humility. 

1  The  tpreparations  of  the  heart  in  man,  Chap.  xvi. 

And  'the  answer  of  the  tongue,  is  from  the  Lord. 

~  All  the  ways  of  a  man  are  clean  in  his  own  eyes  ; 
But  '^the  Lord  weigheth  the  spirits. 

3  *Commit  thy  works  unto  the  Lord, 
And  thy  thoughts  shall  be  established. 

'^  The  'Lord  hath  made  all  things  for  himself — 
Yea,  'even  the  wicked  for  the  day  of  evil. 

5  Every  one  that  is  proud  in  heart  is  an  abomination  to  the  Lord  : 
Though  hand  join  in  hand,  he  shall  not  be  tunpunished. 

^  By  "mercy  and  truth  iniquity  is  purged, 
And  by  the  fear  of  the  Lord  men  depart  from  evil. 

■''  When  a  man's  ways  please  the  Lord, 
He  maketh  even  his  enemies  to  be  at  peace  with  him. 

^  Better  'is  a  little  with  righteousness 
Than  great  revenues  without  right. 

^  A  man's  heart  deviseth  his  way  ; 
But  "the  Lord  directeth  his  steps. 

1^  tA  divine  sentence  is  in  the  lips  of  the  king: 
His  mouth  transgresseth  not  in  judgment. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


593 


^^  A  ""just  weight  and  balance  are  the  Lord's  : 
All  the  *weights  of  the  bag  are  his  work. 

^^  It  is  an  abomination  to  kings  to  commit  wickedness, 
For  the  throne  is  established  by  righteousness. 

^^  Righteous  lips  are  the  delight  of  kings, 
And  they  love  him  that  speaketh  right. 

^■^  The  wrath  of  a  king  is  as  messengers  of  death  ; 
But  a  wise  man  will  pacify  it. 

^^  In  the  light  of  the  king's  countenance  is  hfe, 
And  his  favor  is  ^as  a  cloud  of  the  latter  rain. 

^^  How  much  better  is  it  to  get  wisdom  than  gold  ! 
And  to  get  understanding  rather  to  be  chosen  than  silver ! 

^'  The  highway  of  the  upright  is  to  depart  from  evil  : 
He  that  keepeth  his  way  preserveth  his  soul. 

'^  Pri4e  goeth  before  destruction, 
And  a  haughty  spirit  before  a  fall. 

1^  Better  it  is  to  be  of  a  humble  spirit  with  the  lowly, 
Than  to  divide  the  spoil  with  the  proud. 

2"  He  that  thandleth  a  matter  wisely  shall  find  good, 
And  *'whoso  trusteth  in  the  Lord,  happy  is  he  ! 

21  The  wise  in  heart  shall  be  called  prudent, 
And  the  sweetness  of  the  lips  increaseth  learning. 

-  Understanding  is  a  wellspring  of  life  unto  him  that  hath  it ; 
But  the  instruction  of  fools  is  folly. 

2^  The  "heart  of  the  wise  Ueacheth  his  mouth, 
And  addeth  learning  to  his  lips. 

2^  Pleasant  words  are  as  a  honeycomb, 
Sweet  to  the  soul,  and  health  to  the  bones. 

2^  There  is  a  way  that  seemeth  right  unto  a  man, 
But  the  end  thereof  are  the  ways  of  death. 

2^  *He  that  laboreth  laboreth  for  himself ; 
For  his  mouth  fcraveth  it  of  him. 

2'tAn  ungodly  man  diggeth  up  evil. 
And  in  his  lips  there  is  as  a  burning  fire. 

2^  A  froward  man  *soweth  strife. 
And  a  whisperer  separateth  chief  friends. 

-^  A  violent  man  enticeth  his  neighbour. 
And  leadeth  him  into  the  way  that  is  not  good  : 

^°  He  shutteth  his  eyes  to  devise  froward  things  : 
Moving  his  lips  he  bringeth  evil  to  pass. 

^1  The  hoary  head  is  a  crown  of  glory. 
If  it  be  found  in  the  way  of  righteousness. 

^2  He  that  is  slow  to  anger  is  better  than  the  mighty, 
And  he  that  ruleth  his  spirit  than  he  that  taketh  a  city. 

^^  The  lot  is  cast  into  the  lap  ; 
But  the  whole  disposing  thereof  is  of  the  Lord. 

1  Better  is  a  dry  morsel,  and  quietness  therewith,  Chap.  xvii. 
Than  a  house  full  of  tsacrifices  with  strife. 

2  A  wise  servant  shall  have  rule  over  a  son  that  causeth  shame, 
And  shall  have  part  of  the  inheritance  among  the  brethren. 

^  The  'fining  pot  is  for  silver,  and  the  furnace  for  gold ; 
But  the  Lord  trieth  the  hearts. 

^  A  wicked  doer  giveth  heed  to  false  lips  ; 
And  a  liar  giveth  ear  to  a  naughty  tongue. 

^  Whoso  mocketh  the  poor  reproacheth  his  Maker, 
And  'he  that  is  glad  at  calamities  shall  not  be  tunpunished. 
75  2x* 


594 

d  Pa.  127.  3.  & 


*  net,.  Aiip of  t^ 

ccllency. 

t  Heb.  a  lip  of  ly- 
ing. 

J  Ileb.  a  stone  of 
grace. 

*  Or,  procureth. 


f  Or,  .S  reproof 
aweth  more  a  wise 
man, — Than  to 
strike  a  fool  an 
hundred  times. 


/Ps.  109.4,5.  Je. 

18.  20.  See  Ro. 

12.  17.  1  Thes. 

5.  15.  1  Pe.  3. 

9. 
g  1  Thes.  4.  11. 

A  Ex.  23.7.  Is.  5. 

23. 


i  Ru.  1.  16. 
%  Heb.  heart. 


*  Heb.  The  fro- 
ward  of  heart. 
j  Ja.  3.  8. 


t  Or,  to  a  medi- 
cine. 
k  Pa.  22.  15. 

I  Ex.  23.  8. 
m  Ec.  2.  14.  &. 


nJa.  1.  19. 

I  Or,  a  cool  spirit. 


♦  Or,  IleViatsipa- 
ratelh  himself 
scckcth  according 
to  hi.f  dc<irc, — 
.^nd  intermcddleVi 

tec  Judo  19. 


p  Ps.  78.  2. 
}  Le.  19.  i: 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON.  [Period  V. 

^  Children's  ''children  are  the  crown  of  old  men^ 
And  the  glory  of  children  are  their  fathers. 

'  *Excellent  speech  becometh  not  a  fool : 
Much  less  do  flying  lips  a  prince. 

^  A  gift  is  as  ta  precious  stone  in  the  eyes  of  iiim  that  hath  it ; 
Whithersoever  it  turneth,  it  prospereth. 

'^  He  that  covereth  a  transgression  *seeketh  love ; 
But  he  that  repeateth  a  matter  separateth  very  friends. 

^°  t  A  reproof  entereth  more  into  a  wise  man 
Than  an  hundred  stripes  into  a  fool. 

^^  An  evil  man  seeketh  only  rebellion  : 
Therefore  a  cruel  messenger  shall  be  sent  against  him. 

^~  Let  'a  bear  robbed  of  her  whelps  meet  a  man, 
Rather  than  a  fool  in  his  folly. 

^^  Whoso  -^rewardeth  evil  for  good, 
Evil  shall  not  depart  from  his  house. 

^^  The  beginning  of  strife  is  as  when  one  letteth  out  water : 
Therefore  ^leave  off  contention,  before  it  be  meddled  with. 

^^  He  ''that  justifieth  the  wicked,  and  he  that  condemneth  the  just^ 
Even  they  both  are  abomination  to  the  Lord. 

^^  Wherefore  is  there  a  price  in  the  hand  of  a  fool  to  get  wisdom^. 
Seeing  he  hath  no  heart  to  it  ? 

^■^  A  'friend  loveth  at  all  times, 
And  a  brother  is  born  for  adversity. 

^^  A  man  void  of  lunderstanding  striketh  hands, 
And  becometh  surety  in  the  presence  of  his  friend. 

^^  He  loveth  transgression  that  loveth  strife, 
And  he  that  exalteth  his  gate  seeketh  destruction. 

~°  *He  that  hath  a  froward  heart  findeth  no  good, 
And  he  that  hath  ^a  perverse  tongue  falleth  into  mischief. 

-^  He  that  begetteth  a  fool  doeth  it  to  his  sorrow, 
And  the  father  of  a  fool  hath  no  joy. 

^^  A  merry  heart  doeth  good  tlike  a  medicine  ; 
But  ''a  broken  spirit  drieth  tiie  bones. 

^^  A  wicked  man  taketh  a  gift  out  of  the  bosom 
To  'pervert  the  ways  of  judgment. 

2^  Wisdom  "is  before  him  that  hath  understanding  ; 
But  the  eyes  of  a  fool  are  in  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

2^  A  foolish  son  is  a  grief  to  his  father, 
And  bitterness  to  her  that  bare  him. 

^^  Also  to  punish  the  just  is  not  good. 
Nor  to  strike  princes  for  equity. 

^■^  He  "that  hath  knowledge  spareth  his  words, 
And  a  man  of  understanding  is  of  tan  excellent  spirit. 

^®  Even  "a  fool,  when  he  holdeth  his  peace,  is  counted  wise, 
And  he  that  shutteth  his  lips  is  esteemed  a  man  of  understanding. 

^  *Through  desire  a  man,  having  separated  himself.        Chap,  xviii. 
Seeketh  and  intermeddleth  with  all  wisdom. 

^  A  fool  hath  no  delight  in  understanding, 
But  that  his  heart  may  discover  itsell. 

^  When  the  wicked  cometh,  then  cometh  also  contempt. 
And  with  ignominy  reproach. 

"*  The  words  of  a  man's  mouth  arc  as  deep  waters, 
And  ''the  wellspring  of  wisdom  as  a  flowing  brook. 

^  It  'is  not  good  to  accept  the  person  of  the  wicked, 
To  overthrow  the  righteous  in  judgment. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


595 


Heb.  set  aloft. 


c  Ex.  23.  1.  De. 

19.  16,  19. 
*  Heb.  held  inno- 
cent. 

f  Heb.  a  man  of 


^  A  fool's  lips  entet  into  contention, 
And  his  mouth  calleth  for  strokes. 

'''  A  '^fool's  mouth  is  his  destruction, 
And  his  lips  are  the  snare  of  his  soul. 

^  The  words  of  a  ttalebearer  are  tas  wounds, 
And  they  go  down  into  tHe  *innermost  parts  of  the  belly. 

'^  He  also  that  is  slothful  in  his  work 
Is  brother  to  him  that  is  a  great  waster. 

^•^  The  ^name  of  the  Lord  is  a  strong  tower : 
The  righteous  runneth  into  it,  and  is  tsafe. 

1^  The  rich  man's  wealth  is  his  strong  city, 
And  as  a  high  wall  in  his  own  conceit. 

^'^  Before  destruction  the  heart  of  man  is  haughty, 
And  before  honor  is  humility. 

^^  He  that  tanswereth  a  matter  before  he  heareth  it, 
It  is  folly  and  shame  unto  him. 

^'^  The  spirit  of  a  man  will  sustain  his  infirmity ; 
But  a  wounded  spirit  who  can  bear  ! 

'^  The  heart  of  the  prudent  getteth  knowledge, 
And  the  ear  of  the  wise  seeketh  knowledge. 

^^  A  'man's  gift  maketh  room  for  him, 
And  bringeth  him  before  great  men. 

^"^  He  that  is  first  in  his  own  cause  seemeth  just; 
But  his  neighbour  cometh  and  searcheth  him. 

^^  The  lot  causeth  contentions  to  cease, 
And  parteth  between  the  mighty. 

^^  A  brother  offended  is  harder  to  be  won  than  a  strong  city, 
And  their  contentions  are  like  the  bars  of  a  castle. 

-^  A  man's  belly  shall  be  satisfied  with  the  fruit  of  his  mouth, 
And  with  the  increase  of  his  lips  shall  he  be  filled. 

^^  Death  "and  life  are  in  the  power  of  the  tongue, 
And  they  that  love  it  shall  eat  the  fruit  thereof. 

2^  Whoso  findeth  a  wife  findeth  a  good  thing, 
And  obtaineth  favor  of  the  Lord. 

^^  The  poor  useth  entreaties  ; 
But  the  rich  answereth  "roughly. 

2'*  A  man  that  hath  friends  must  show  himself  friendly  ; 
And  there  is  a  friend  that  sticketh  closer  than  a  brother. 

1  Better  is  the  poor  that  walketh  in  his  integrity.  Chap,  xix 

Than  he  that  is  perverse  in  his  lips,  and  is  a  fool. 

"  Also,  that  the  soul  be  without  knowledge,  it  is  not  good ; 
And  he  that  hasteth  with  his  feet  sinneth. 

^  The  foolishness  of  man  perverteth  his  way, 
And  '"his  heart  fretteth  against  the  Lord. 

'^  Wealth  maketh  many  friends  ; 
But  the  poor  is  separated  from  his  neighbour. 

^  A  ""false  witness  shall  not  be  *unpunished, 
And  he  that  speaketh  lies  shall  not  escape. 

^  Many  will  entreat  the  favor  of  the  prince. 
And  every  man  is  a  friend  to  thim  that  giveth  gifts. 

'''  All  the  brethren  of  the  poor  do  hate  him  : 
How  much  more  do  his  friends  go  ^far  from  him  ! 
He  pursueth  them  with  words — yet  they  are  wanting  to  him. 

^  He  that  getteth  twisdom  loveth  his  own  soul  : 
He  that  keepeth  understanding  shall  find  good. 

^  A  false  witness  shall  not  be  unpunished. 
And  he  that  speaketh  lies  shall  perish. 


596 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


I  Ec.  10.  6,  7. 


4  2  Co.  12.  14. 


e  Lu.  10.  28.  & 
11.28. 

dEc.  11.  I.  Mat. 
10.  42.  &  25.  40. 
2  Co.  9.  6-S. 
He.  6.  10. 

t  Or,  His  deed. 

X  Or,  to  his  de- 
struction ;  or,  to 
cause  him  to  die. 

*  Heb.  add. 


e  Ps.  37.  37. 

/Job  23.  13.  Ps. 
33.  10,  11.  Is.  14. 
26,  27.  &  46.  10. 
Ac.  5.  39.  He.  6. 
17. 


tHeb.  becunning. 
De.  13.  11. 


J  Heb.  ./J  witness 
of  Belial, 
h  Job  15.  16. 


iGe.  9.  21.  I9. 
28.7.  Ho.  4.  11. 


j  Mat.  6.  2.  Lu. 

18.  11. 
t  Or,  bounty, 
k  P9.  12.  1.  Lu. 

18.  8. 
I  2  Co.  1.  12. 
m  Ps.  37.  26.  & 

112.  2. 


^^  Delight  is  not  seemly  for  a  fool ; 
Much  less  "^for  a  servant  to  have  rule  over  princes. 

^1  The  *discretion  of  a  man  deferreth  his  anger, 
And  it  is  his  glory  to  pass  over  a  transgression. 

'-  The  king's  wrath  is  as  the  roaring  of  a  lion  ; 
But  his  favor  is  "as  dew  upon  the  grass, 

'^  A  foolish  son  is  the  calamity  of  his  father ; 
And  the  contentions  of  a  wife  are  a  continual  dropping. 

^"^  House  ''and  riches  are  the  inheritance  of  fathers  ; 
And  a  prudent  wife  is  from  the  Lord. 

1^  Slothfulness  casteth  into  a  deep  sleep, 
And  an  idle  soul  shall  suffer  hunger, 

^^  He  ^ihat  keepeth  the  commandment  keepeth  his  own  soul  ; 
But  he  that  despiseth  his  ways  shall  die. 

1''  He  ''that  hath  pity  upon  the  poor  lendeth  unto  the  Lord, 
tAnd  that  wiiich  he  hath  given  will  he  pay  him  again. 

'^  Chasten  thy  son  while  there  is  hope, 
And  let  not  thy  soul  spare  I  for  his  crying. 

1^  A  man  of  great  wrath  shall  suffer  punishment ; 
For  if  thou  deliver  him,  yet  thou  must  *do  it  again. 

^^  Hear  counsel,  and  receive  instruction, 
That  thou  mayest  be  wise  'in  thy  latter  end, 

^1  There  ^are  many  devices  in  a  man's  heart  ; 
Nevertheless  the  counsel  of  the  Lord,  that  shall  stand. 

^■^  The  desire  of  a  man  is  his  kindness  ; 
And  a  poor  man  is  better  than  a  liar. 

23  The  ^fear  of  the  Lord  tendeth  to  life ; 
And  he  that  hath  it  shall  abide  satisfied, 
He  shall  not  be  visited  with  evil. 

2*  A  slothful  man  hideth  his  hand  in  his  bosom, 
And  will  not  so  much  as  bring  it  to  his  mouth  again. 

25  Smite  a  scorner,  and  the  simple  will  fbeware  ; 
And  reprove  one  that  hath  understanding,  and  he  will  understand 
knowledge, 

2s  He  that  wasteth  his  father,  and  chaseth  away  his  mother, 
Is  a  son  that  causeth  shame,  and  bringeth  reproach, 

2^  Cease,  my  son,  to  hear  the  instruction 
That  causeth  to  err  from  the  words  of  knowledge. 

2^  tAn  ungodly  witness  scorneth  judgment ; 
And  Hhe  mouth  of  the  wicked  devoureth  iniquity. 

2^  Judgments  are  prepared  for  scorncrs, 
And  stripes  for  the  back  of  fools. 

1  Wine  ^is  a  mocker,  strong  drink  is  raging,  Chap.  xx. 
And  whosoever  is  deceived  thereby  is  not  wise, 

2  The  fear  of  a  king  is  as  the  roaring  of  a  lion  ; 

Whoso  provoketh  iiim  to  anger  sinneth  against  his  own  soul. 

•'  It  is  an  honor  for  a  man  to  cease  from  strife  ; 
But  every  fool  will  be  meddling, 

4  The  sluggard  will  not  plough  by  reason  of  the  *cold  ; 
Therefore  sliall  he  beg  in  harvest,  and  have  nothing. 

5  Counsel  in  the  heart  of  man  is  like  deep  water ; 
But  a  man  of  understanding  will  draw  it  out, 

*^  Most  ^men  will  proclaim  every  one  his  own  tgoodness ; 
But  *a  faithful  man — who  can  find  I 

■^  The  'just  man  walketh  in  his  integrity  ; 
His  "children  are  blessed  after  him. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


597 


J  Heb.  A  stone 

and  a  stone. 

Do.  25.  13,  &c. 

Mic.  6.  10,  11. 
*  Heb.  an  cphah 

and  an  ephah. 
0  Mat.  7.  16. 
jjEx.  4.  11.  Ps. 

94.9. 


r  Job  98.  12,  16- 
19. 


t  Or,  enticeth.  Ro. 

16.  18. 
t  Ex.  21.  17.  Le. 

20. 9.  Mat.  15. 

4. 
*  Or,  candle.  See 

Job  18.  5,  6. 
u  Hab.  2.  6. 
V  De.  32.  35.  Ro. 

12.  17,  19. 

1  Thes.  5.  15. 

1  Pe.  3.  9. 
IT  2  Sa.  16.  12. 
t  Heb.  balances 

of  deceit. 
X  Ps.  37.  23.  Je. 

10.23. 


*  Heb.  is  a  purg- 
ing medicine 
against  evil. 


c  Lu.  16. 15. 

d  1  Sa.  15.22.  Pe. 
50.  8.  Is.  1.  11, 
&c.  Ho.  6.  6. 
Mic.  6.  7,  8. 

t  Heb.  Haughti- 
ness of  eyes. 

X  Or,  the  light  of 
the  wicked. 


^  A  king  that  sitteth  in  the  throne  of  judgment 
Scattereth  away  all  evil  with  his  eyes. 

^  Who  "can  say,  I  have  made  my  heart  clean, 
I  am  pure  from  my  sin  ? 

1°  IDivers  weights,  and  *divers  measures, 
Both  of  them  are  alike  abomination  to  the  Lord. 

^^  Even  a  child  is  "known  by  his  doings, 
Whether  his  work  be  pure,  and  whether  it  be  right. 

'2  The  ''hearing  ear,  and  the  seeing  eye, 
The  Lord  hath  made  even  both  of  them. 

"  Love  'not  sleep,  lest  thou  come  to  poverty  ; 
Open  thine  eyes,  and  thou  shalt  be  satisfied  with  bread. 

^^  "  It  is  naught,  it  is  naught,"  saith  the  buyer  ; 
But  when  he  is  gone  his  way,  then  he  boasteth. 

^^  There  is  gold,  and  a  multitude  of  rubies  ; 
But  ''the  lips  of  knowledge  are  a  precious  jewel. 

16  Take  his  garment  that  is  surety  for  a  stranger, 
And  take  a  pledge  of  him  for  a  strange  woman. 

^"^  Bread  of  tdeceit  is  sweet  to  a  man  ; 
But  afterwards  his  mouth  shall  be  filled  with  gravel. 

1^  Every  purpose  is  established  by  counsel ; 
And  'with  good  advice  make  war. 

1^  He  that  goeth  about  as  a  talebearer  revealeth  secrets : 
Therefore  meddle  not  with  him  that  tflattereth  with  his  lips. 

2"  Whoso  'curseth  his  father  or  his  mother, 
His  *lamp  shall  be  put  out  in  obscure  darkness. 

21  An  inheritance  may  be  gotten  hastily  at  the  beginning ; 
But  "the  end  thereof  shall  not  be  blessed. 

^  Say  "not  thou,  I  will  recompense  evil ; 
But  "wait  on  the  Lord,  and  he  shall  save  thee. 

^^  Divers  weights  are  an  abomination  unto  the  Lord, 
And  fa  false  balance  is  not  good. 

2'*  Man's  'goings  are  of  the  Lord  ; 
How  can  a  man  then  understand  his  own  way  ? 

2^  It  is  a  snare  to  the  man  who  devoureth  that  which  is  holy. 
And  "after  vows  to  make  inqui^ 

26  A  ""wise  king  scattereth  the  wicked, 
And  bringeth  the  wheel  over  them. 

2'^  The  ''spirit  of  man  is  the  tcandle  of  the  Lord, 
Searching  all  the  inward  parts  of  the  belly. 

2s  Mercy  'and  truth  preserve  the  king. 
And  his  throne  is  upholden  by  mercy. 

2^  The  glory  of  young  men  is  their  strength, 
And  the  beauty  of  old  men  is  the  gray  head. 

3°  The  blueness  of  a  wound  *cleanseth  away  evil, 
So  do  stripes  the  inward  parts  of  the  belly. 

1  The  king's  heart  is  in  the  hand  of  the  Lord,  as  the   Chap.  xxi. 
rivers  of  water : 
He  turneth  it  whithersoever  he  will. 

^  Every  way  of  a  man  is  right  in  his  own  eyes  ; 
But  'the  Lord  pondereth  the  hearts. 

^  To  ''do  justice  and  judgment 
Is  more  acceptable  to  the  Lord  than  sacrifice. 

''  tA  high  look,  and  a  proud  heart, 
And  tthe  ploughing  of  the  wicked,  is  sin. 

5  The  thoughts  of  the  diligent  tend  only  to  plenteousness ; 
But  of  every  one  that  is  hasty  only  to  want. 


598 

<  2  Pe.  2.  3. 


•  Heb.  saw  them, 
or,  dwell  with 
thtm. 


t  Heb.  a  wovian 
of  contentione. 

X  Heb.  a  house  of 
society. 

/Ja.  4.  5. 

*  Heb.  is  not 
favored. 


g  Mat.  7.  2.  & 
18.  30,  &.C.  Ja. 
2.  13. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


t  Or,  sporU 
h  U.  43.  3,  4. 


X  Heb.  land  (if  the 
desert. 


j  Mat.  5.  6. 
ft  Ec.  9.  14,  &c. 
iJa.  3.  2. 


*  Heb.  the  wrath 
of  pride. 


m  Vs.  37.  26.  & 
112.  9. 

n  Ps.  50.  9.  Is. 
66.  3.  Je.  6.  20. 
Am.  5.  22. 

t  Heb.  in  wicked- 
ness ! 

X  Heb.  Jl  wit7iess 
tfliea. 

*  Or,  eongidereth. 

o  Is.  8.  9, 10.  Je. 
9.  23.  Ac.  5.  39. 


p  Pb.  20.  7.  Is. 
31.1. 

t  Or,  victory.  Pa. 
3.8. 

q  Ec.  7.  1. 

X  Or,  favor  is  bet- 
ter than,  ^-c. 

r  1  Co.  12.  21. 

«  Job  31.  1.1. 


^  The  'getting  of  treasures  by  a  lying  tongue 
Is  a  vanity  tossed  to  and  fro  of  them  that  seek  death. 

■^  The  robbery  of  the  wicked  shall  *destroy  them ; 
Because  they  refuse  to  do  judgment. 

^  The  way  of  man  is  froward  and  strange ; 
But  as  for  the  pure,  his  work  is  right, 

^  It  is  better  to  dwell  in  a  corner  of  the  housetop, 
Than  with  fa  brawling  woman  in  ta  wide  house. 

^°  The  -'^soul  of  the  wicked  desireth  evil : 
His  neighbour  *findeth  no  favor  in  his  eyes. 

^^  When  the  scorner  is  punished,  the  simple  is  made  wise ; 
And  when  the  wise  is  instructed,  he  receiveth  knowledge. 

^~  The  righteous  man  wisely  considereth  the  house  of  the  wicked  ; 
But  God  overthroweth  the  wicked  for  their  wickedness. 

^^  Whoso  ^stoppeth  his  ears  at  the  cry  of  the  poor, 
He  also  shall  cry  himself,  but  shall  not  be  heard. 

^^  A  gift  in  secret  pacifieth  anger, 
And  a  reward  in  the  bosom  strong  wrath. 

^^  It  is  joy  to  the  just  to  do  judgment ; 
But  destruction  shall  be  to  the  workers  of  iniquity. 

^^  The  man  tiiat  wandereth  out  of  the  way  of  understanding 
Shall  remain  in  the  congregation  of  the  dead. 

^^  He  that  loveth  tpleasure  shall  be  a  poor  man : 
He  that  loveth  wine  and  oil  shall  not  be  rich. 

^^  The  '' wicked  shall  be  a  ransom  for  the  righteous. 
And  the  transgressor  for  the  upright. 

^^  It  is  better  to  dwell  in  the  ^wilderness, 
Than  with  a  contentious  and  an  angry  woman. 

^'^  There' is  treasure  to  be  desired  and  oil  in  the  dwelling  of  the  wise ; 
But  a  foolish  man  spendeth  it  up. 

-^  He  ^that  foUoweth  after  righteousness  and  mercy  findeth  life, 
Righteousness,  and  honor. 

~2  A  *wise  man  scaleth  the  city  of  the  mighty. 
And  casteth  down  the  strength  of  the  confidence  thereof. 

^^  Whoso  'keepeth  his  mouth  and  his  tongue 
Keepeth  his  soul  from  troubles. 

^^  Proud  and  haughty  scorner  is  his  name. 
Who  dealctii  in  *proud  wrath. 

2^  The  desire  of  the  slothful  killeth  him  ; 
For  his  hands  refuse  to  labor. 

^^  He  coveteth  greedily  all  the  day  long ; 
But  the  "'righteous  giveth  and  spareth  not. 

-"  The  "sacrifice  of  the  wicked  is  abomination — 
How  much  more,  when  he  bringeth  it  twith  a  wicked  mind ! 

^^  tA  false  witness  shall  perish  ; 
But  the  man  that  hearcth  speaketh  constantly. 

29  A  wicked  man  hardeneth  his  face  ; 
But  as  for  the  upright,  he  *directeth  his  way. 

^"  There  "is  no  wisdom  nor  understanding 
Nor  counsel  against  the  Lord. 

2*  The  ^horse  is  prepared  against  the  day  of  battle ; 
But  tsafety  is  of  the  Lord. 

^  A  'good  name  is  rather  to  be  chosen  than  great  riches,  Chap,  xxii- 
And  tloving  favor  rather  than  silver  and  gold. 

"  The  ''rich  and  poor  meet  together : 
The  'Lord  is  the  Maker  of  them  all. 

3  A  prudent  man  foreseeth  the  evil,  and  hideth  himself; 
But  the  simple  pass  on,  and  are  punished. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


599 


*  Or,  The  rernard 
of  humility,  S,-c. 
ts.  112.  3.  Mat. 
6.33. 

1 1  John  5.  18. 

f  Or,  Catechise. 

Eph.  6.  4.  2  Ti. 

3.  15. 

J  Heb.  his  way. 
u  Ja.  2.  6. 

*  Heb.  man  that 
leiidcth. 

V  See  Job  4.  8. 

■f  Or,  .dnd  with  the 
rod  of  his  anger 
he  shall  be  con- 
sumed. 

I  Heb.  Good  of 
eye.  2  Co.  9.  6. 

v>  Ge.  21.  9,  10. 
Ps.  101.  5. 

X  Ps.  101.  6. 

*  Or,  .^nd  hath 
grace  in  his  lips. 

t  Or,  Ute  mutters. 


y  Ec.  7.  26. 


■*  *By  humility  and  the  fear  of  the  I>ord 
Are  riches,  and  honor,  and  hfe. 

^  Thorns  and  snares  are  in  the  way  of  the  froward  : 
He  'that  doth  keep  his  soul  shall  be  far  from  them. 

^  tTrain  up  a  child  in  tthe  way  he  should  go, 
And  when  he  is  old,  he  will  not  depart  from  it. 

'''  The  "rich  ruleth  over  the  poor. 
And  the  borrower  is  servant  to  the  *lender. 

^  He  "that  soweth  iniquity  shall  reap  vanity ; 
tAnd  the  rod  of  his  anger  shall  fail. 

^  tHe  that  hath  a  bountiful  eye  shall  be  blessed ; 
For  he  giveth  of  his  bread  to  the  poor. 

^"  Cast  '"out  the  scorner,  and  contention  shall  go  out ; 
Yea,  strife  and  reproach  shall  cease. 

^^  He  ""that  loveth  pureness  of  heart, 
*For  the  grace  of  his  lips  the  king  shall  be  his  friend. 

^~  The  eyes  of  the  Lord  preserve  knowledge. 
And  he  overthroweth  tthe  words  of  the  transgressor. 

^^  The  slothful  man  saith,  "  There  is  a  lion  without, 
1  shall  be  slain  in  the  streets." 

^^  The  mouth  of  strange  women  is  a  deep  pit : 
He  ^that  is  abhorred  of  the  Lord  shall  fall  therein. 

^^  Foolishness  is  bound  in  the  heart  of  a  child ; 
But  the  rod  of  correction  shall  drive  it  far  from  him. 

^^  He  that  oppresseth  the  poor  to  increase  his  riches, 
And  he  that  giveth  to  the  rich,  shall  surely  come  to  want. 


PART  m.  PART    III.(io) 

Chap.  xxii.  17,  to  the  end,  chap,  xxiii.  and  xxiv. 

^"^  Bow  down  thine  ear,  and  hear  the  words  of  the  wise, 

And  apply  thy  heart  unto  my  knowledge, 
Heb.  i7i  thy  belly.  18  Yoy  it  is  a  plcasaut  thing  if  thou  keep  them  *  within  thee ; 

They  shall  withal  be  fitted  in  thy  lips. 
'^  That  thy  trust  may  be  in  the  Lord, 

T  have  made  known  to  thee  this  day,  teven  to  thee. 
^^  Have  not  I  written  to  thee  excellent  things 

In  counsels  and  knowledge, 
^^  That  °I  might  make  thee  know  the  certainty  of  the  words  of  truth  ; 

That  Hhou  mightest  answer  the  words  of  truth  Ito  them  that  send 
unto  thee  ? 
^^  Rob  "not  the  poor,  because  he  is  poor ; 

Neither  ''oppress  the  afflicted  in  the  gate : 
^^  For  'the  Lord  will  plead  their  cause, 

And  spoil  the  soul  of  those  that  spoiled  them. 
^^  Make  no  friendship  with  an  angry  man. 

And  with  a  furious  man  thou  shalt  not  go ; 
^^  Lest  thou  learn  his  ways, 

And  get  a  snare  to  thy  soul. 

^^  Be  not  thou  one  of  them  that  strike  hands, 

Or  of  them  that  are  sureties  for  debts. 
^''  If  thou  hast  nothing  to  pay. 

Why  should  he  take  away  thy  bed  from  under  thee  ? 
"^  Remove  -^not  the  ancient  *landmark, 

Which  thy  fathers  have  set. 

('")  Part  iii.  comprises  chap.  xxii.  ver.  17,  to  the  end  of  chap.  xxiv.  The  tutor  is  supposed  to  instruct 
his  pupil  as  if  he  were  present :  lie  drops  the  style  of  proverbs,  and  exhorts  in  a  more  connected 
manner. 


t  Or,  trust  thou 


aLu.  1.3,4. 
b  1  Pe.  3.  15. 
X  Or,  to  those  that 

send  thee. 
c  Ex.  23.  6.  Job 

31.  16,  21. 
d  Ze.  7.  10.  Mai. 

3.  5. 
e  1  Sa.  24.  12. 

Ps.  12.  5.  Je. 

51.  36. 


/See  Job  24.  2, 
*  Or,  bound. 


600 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


g  Ge.  41.  46. 
t  Heb.  obscure 


h  1  Ti.  6.  9,  10. 
i  Ro.  12.  16. 


J  Heb.  cause  thine 
eyes  to  fly  upon. 


j  Mat.  7.  6. 


k  See  Job  24.  2. 
•  Or,  bound. 


I  Or,  even  I  will 
rejoice. 


X  Or,  a  reward. 


p  Is.  5.  22.  Mat. 
24.49.  Lu.  21. 
34.  Ro.  13. 13. 

Eph.  5.  18. 
*  Heb.  oftJieir 
flesh. 

g  Eph.  6.  1,  2. 


29  Seest  thou  a  man  diligent  in  his  business  ? 
He  ^shall  stand  before  kings ; 
He  shall  not  stand  before  tinean  men. 

^  When  thou  sittest  to  eat  with  a  ruler,  Chap,  xxiii. 

Consider  diligently  what  is  before  thee ; 
2  And  put  a  knife  to  thy  throat, 

If  thou  be  a  man  given  to  appetite. 
^  Be  not  desirous  of  his  dainties ; 
For  they  are  deceitful  meat. 

^  Labor  ''not  to  be  rich : 
Cease  'from  thine  own  wisdom. 
^  Wilt  thou  tset  thine  eyes  upon  that  which  is  not  ? 
For  riches  certainly  make  themselves  wings  ; 
They  fly  away  as  an  eagle  toward  heaven. 
6  Eat  thou  not  the  bread  of  him  that  hath  an  evil  eye, 

Neither  desire  thou  his  dainty  meats ; 
■^  For  as  he  thinketh  in  his  heart,  so  is  he : 

Eat  and  drink,  saith  he  to  thee ;   but  his  heart  is  not  with  thee. 
^  The  morsel  which  thou  hast  eaten  shalt  thou  vomit  up, 
And  lose  thy  sweet  words. 

9  Speak  •'not  in  the  ears  of  a  fool ; 
For  he  will  despise  the  wisdom  of  thy  words. 

^^  Remove  *^not  the  old  *landmark, 
And  enter  not  into  the  fields  of  the  fatherless : 
^^  For  'their  Redeemer  is  mighty  ; 
He  shall  plead  their  cause  with  thee. 

^2  Apply  thy  heart  unto  instruction, 
And  thine  ears  to  the  words  of  knowledge. 

^^  Withhold  not  correction  from  the  child ; 
For  if  thou  beatest  him  with  the  rod,  he  shall  not  die. 
^*  Thou  shalt  beat  him  with  the  rod, 
And  "'shalt  deliver  his  soul  from  hell. 

1^  My  son,  if  thy  heart  be  wise, 
My  heart  shall  rejoice,  teven  mine. 
^•^  Yea,  my  reins  shall  rejoice, 

When  thy  lips  speak  right  things. 

^"^  Let  "not  thy  heart  envy  sinners ; 
But  be  thou  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord  all  the  day  long. 
^^  For  "surely  there  is  tan  end  ; 

And  thine  expectation  shall  not  be  cut  off. 

^^  Hear  thou,  my  son,  and  be  wise, 
And  guide  thy  heart  in  the  way. 
^^  Be  ^not  among  winebibbers  ; 

Among  riotous  eaters  *of  flesh  : 
21  For  the  drunkard  and  the  glutton  shall  come  to  poverty ; 
And  drowsiness  shall  clothe  a  man  with  rags. 

22  Hearken  'unto  thy  father  that  begat  thee, 
And  despise  not  thy  mother  when  she  is  old. 

23  Buy  '"the  truth,  and  sell  it  not ; 

Also  wisdom,  and  instruction,  and  understanding. 

24  The  father  of  the  righteous  shall  greatly  rejoice. 

And  he  that  begetteth  a  wise  child  shall  have  joy  of  him. 

25  Thy  father  and  thy  mother  .shall  be  glad, 
And  she  that  bare  thee  shall  rejoice. 

2'^  My  son,  give  me  thy  heart, 
And  let  thine  eyes  observe  my  ways. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


601 


«  Ec.  7.  26. 

t  Or,  as  a  robber. 

t  Is.  5.  11,  iS. 


Eph.  5. 


J  Or,  a  cockatrice. 


Heb.  heart  of 


V  Je.  5.  3. 

f  Heb.  Iknea  it 
no<.  Eph.  4.  19. 

tt  See  De.  29.  19 
Is.  56.  12. 

X  Pa.  37.  1,  &c. 


t  Heb.  13  in 

strength, 
*  Heb.  strengthen- 

eth  wight. 
y  Lu.  14.  31. 


•f  Heb.  narrow. 

a  Vs.  82.  4.  Is. 
58.  6,  7.  1  Jo.  3. 
16. 


J  Job  34.  11.  Ps. 

62.  12.  Je.  32. 

19.  Ro.  2.  e.  Re. 

2.  23.  &:  2Q.  12. 
X  Heb.  upon  thy 

palate. 
e  Ps.  19.  10. 


d See  Jobs.  19. 
Mic.  7.  8. 
«Est.  7.  10.  Am. 

5.  2.  &  8.  14. 
Re.  ]8.  21. 
/Job  31.  29.  Ps. 
35.  15, 19.  Obad. 
12. 

VOL.    I. 


^^  For  a  whore  is  a  deep  ditch, 

And  a  strange  woman  is  a  narrow  pit. 
^^  She  "also  heth  in  wait  tas  for  a  prey, 

And  increaseth  the  transgressors  among  men. 

^^  Who  'hath  woe  ?  who  hath  sorrow  ? 
Who  hath  contentions?  who  hath  babbUng? 
Who  hath  wounds  without  cause  ?  who  hath  redness  of  eyes  ? 
^^  They  "that  tarry  long  at  the  wine  ; 
They  that  go  to  seek  mi.\ed  wine. 
^^  Look  not  thou  upon  the  wine  when  it  is  red, 

When  it  giveth  his  color  in  the  cup,  when  it  moveth  itself  aright : 
^2  At  the  last  it  biteth  like  a  serpent, 

And  stingeth  like  tan  adder. 
2^  Thine  eyes  shall  behold  strange  women, 

And  thy  heart  shall  utter  perverse  things. 
^*  Yea,  thou  shalt  be  as  he  that  lieth  down  in  the  *midst  of  the  sea, 

Or  as  he  that  lieth  upon  the  top  of  a  mast. 
^^  They  "have  stricken  me,  shalt  thoxi  say,  and  I  was  not  sick ; 
They  have  beaten  me,  and  tl  felt  it  not : 
When  "shall  I  awake  ? — I  will  seek  it  yet  again. 

^  Be  not  thou  ""envious  against  evil  men,  Chap.  xxiv. 

Neither  desire  to  be  with  them. 
2  For  their  heart  studieth  destruction. 

And  their  lips  talk  of  mischief. 
^  Through  wisdom  is  a  house  builded  ; 

And  by  understanding  it  is  established : 
"*  And  by  knowledge  shall  the  chambers  be  filled 
With  all  precious  and  pleasant  riches. 

^  A  wise  man  tis  strong ; 
Yea,  a  man  of  knowledge  *increaseth  strength. 
®  For  ^by  wise  counsel  thou  shalt  make  thy  war ; 
And  in  multitude  of  counsellors  there  is  safety. 

'  Wisdom  is  too  high  for  a  fool : 
He  openeth  not  his  mouth  in  the  gate. 

^  He  that  ""deviseth  to  do  evil  shall  be  called  a  mischievous  person. 
^  The  thought  of  foolishness  is  sin  ; 
And  the  scorner  is  an  abomination  to  men. 

^^  If  thou  faint  in  the  day  of  adversity. 
Thy  strength  is  tsmall. 

^^  If  "thou  forbear  to  deliver  them  that  are  drawn  unto  death, 
And  those  that  are  ready  to  be  slain ; 
^-  If  thou  sayest.  Behold,  we  knew  it  not ; 

Doth  not  He  that  pondereth  the  heart  consider  it  ? 

And  He  that  keepeth  thy  soul,  doth  not  He  know  it  ? 

And  shall  not  He  render  to  every  man  ^according  to  his  works  ? 

^^  My  son,  eat  thou  honey,  because  it  is  good ; 
And  the  honeycomb,  which  is  sweet  tto  thy  taste  : 
^^  So  "shall  the  knowledge  of  wisdom  be  unto  thy  soul : 
When  thou  hast  found  it,  then  there  shall  be  a  reward, 
And  thy  expectation  shall  not  be  cut  off. 

^^  Lay   not  wait,  O   wicked   man !  against  the  dwelling   of  the 
righteous  ; 
Spoil  not  his  resting  place : 
^^  For  ''a  just  man  falleth  seven  times,  and  riseth  up  again  ; 

But  'the  wicked  shall  fall  into  mischief. 
'■^  Rejoice  -^not  when  thine  enemy  falleth. 

And  let  not  thy  heart  be  glad  when  he  stumbleth  : 

76  2y 


602 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Pekiop  v. 


•  Heb.  it  be  evU 
in  his  eyes. 

t  Or,  Keep  not 

company  witli  the 
wicked. 

gVa.  11.6. 

1  Or,  lamp.   See 

Job  18.  5,  6. 
h  Ro.  13.  7.  1  Pe. 

2.  17. 

*  Heb.  changers. 


i  Le.  19. 15.  Jo. 
7.24. 
j  Is.  5.  23. 


f  Heb.  a  blessing 

of  good. 
X  Heb.  that  an- 

swereth  rigitt 

words. 
k  1  Ki.  5.  17, 18. 

Lu.  14.  28. 
I  Eph.  4.  25. 

m  Mat.  5.  39,  44. 
Ro.  12.  17, 19. 


^^  Lest  the  Lord  see  it,  and  *it  displease  him, 

And  he  turn  away  his  wrath  from  him. 
'^  tFret  not  thyself  because  of  evil  men, 

Neither  be  thou  envious  at  the  wicked  ; 
^^  For  ^there  shall  be  no  reward  to  the  evil  man  ; 

The  Icandle  of  the  wicked  shall  be  put  out. 
-^  My  son,  ''fear  thou  the  Lord  and  the  king  ; 

And  meddle  not  with  *them  that  are  given  to  change  : 
^  For  their  calamity  shall  rise  suddenly  ; 

And  who  knoweth  the  ruin  of  them  both  ? 
^^  These  things  also  belong  to  the  wise. 

It  'is  not  good  to  have  respect  of  persons  in  judgment. 
2^  He  ^that  saith  unto  the  wicked,  Thou  art  righteous. 

Him  shall  the  people  curse  ;  nations  shall  abhor  him  : 
^^  But  to  them  that  rebuke  him  shall  be  delight. 

And  fa  good  blessing  shall  come  upon  them. 

^^  Every  man  shall  kiss  his  lips  tthat  giveth  a  right  answer. 

^■^  Prepare  *thy  work  without,  and  make  it  fit  for  thyself  in  the 

And  afterwards  build  thy  house.  [field  ; 

-^  Be  'not  a  witness  against  thy  neighbour  without  cause  ; 

And  deceive  not  with  thy  lips. 
29  Say  "not,  I  will  do  so  to  iiim  as  he  hath  done  to  me  : 

I  will  render  to  the  man  according  to  his  work. 
'^^  I  went  by  the  field  of  the  slothful, 

And  by  the  vineyard  of  the  man  void  of  understanding ; 
^^  And  lo  !  it  was  all  grown  over  with  thorns. 

And  nettles  had  covered  the  face  thereof. 

And  the  stone  wall  thereof  was  broken  down. 
^2  Then  I  saw,  and  ^considered  it  well : 

I  looked  upon  it,  and  received  instruction. 
^^  Yet  a  little  sleep,  a  little  slumber, 

A  little  folding  of  the  hands  to  sleep : 
^^  So  shall  thy  poverty  come  as  one  that  travelleth ; 

And  thy  want  as  fan  armed  man. 

PART    IV.(ii) 

Chap.  xxv.  to  xxix. 

Obserx-ations  about  kings,  8  and  about  avoiding  of  quarrels ,  and  sundry  causes  thereof,  —  Chap.  xxvi. 
1  about  fools,  13  about  sluggards,  17  and  about  contentious  busybodies,  —  Chap,  xxvii.  1  of  self- 
love,  5  of  true  love,  \\  of  care  to  avoid  offences,  23  and  of  the  household  care.  —  Chap,  xxviii. 
1  General  obsenmtions  of  impiety  and  religious  integrity.  — Chap.  xxix.  1  Observations  of  public 
government,  15  and  of  private.     22  Of  anger,  pride,  thievery,  cowardice,  and  corruption. 

^  These  "are  also  Proverbs  of    Solomon,  which  the  Men  of 
Hezekiah  King  of  Judah  copied  out. 
2  It  Ms  the  glory  of  God  to  conceal  a  thing  ; 
But  the  honor  of  kings  is  ^to  search  out  a  matter. 

^  The  heaven  for  height,  and  the  earth  for  depth, 
And  the  heart  of  kings  *is  unsearchable. 

■*  Take  ''away  the  dross  from  the  silver. 
And  there  shall  come  forth  a  vessel  for  the  finer. 
^  Take  away  the  wicked  from  before  the  king, 
And  his  throne  shall  be  establisiied  in  righteousness. 

^  tPut  not  forth  thyself  in  the  presence  of  the  king. 
And  stand  not  in  the  place  of  great  men  : 
eLu.  14.8-10.       7  Yox  'better  it  is  that  it  be  said  unto  thee.  Come  up  hither  ; 

(")  Part  the  Fourth  is  supposed  to  have  been  tlie  Church,  as  Eliakim,  and  Joah,  and  Shebna;  and 

selected  from  a  larger  collection  of  Proverbs  bj'  the  probably  Hosea.  Micah,and  even  Isaiah  :  all   these 

men  of  Hezekiah;  that  is,  by  the  prophets  whom  flourished  in  the  reiirnof  Hezekiah,  and  cndeav- 

he  employed  to  restore  the  service  and  writings  of  cured  to  revive  true  religion  among  the  Jews. 


*  Hob.  set  my 
heart. 


t  Heb.  a  man  of 
shield. 


11.33. 
c  Job  29.  IC. 


*  Heb.  there  is  ? 
searching. 
d  2  Ti.  2.  21. 


t  Heb.  Set  not  oxU 
thy  glory. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


603 


g  Mat.  5  25.  & 

18   15. 
%  Or,  the  seffret  of 

another. 


*  Heb.  spoken 
vpon  his  wheels. 
Is.  50.  4. 


f  Heb.  in  a  gift 
of  falsehood. 

h  Jude  12. 

i  Ge.  32.  4,  &c. 
1  Sa.  -25.  24,  &c. 


X  Or,  Ltt  thy  foot 

be  seldom  in  thy 

Tuighbour's 

house. 
*Ueb.fMof 

thee. 
3  Ps.  57.  4.  &  120. 

3,4. 


It  Da.  6.  18.  Ro. 

12.  15. 
J  Ex.  23.4,5. 

Mat.  5.  44.  Ro. 

12.  20. 


m  3  Sa.  16.  12. 

t  Or,  bringeth 
forth  rain,  so 
doth  a  backbiting 
toiigue  an  angry 
countenance. 


n  Nu.  23.  8.  De. 
o  Ps.  32.  9. 


p  Mat.  16.  1-4.  & 
21.  24-27. 
X  Heb.  his  own 


Than  that  thou  shouldest  be  put  lower 

In  the  presence  of  the  prince  whom  thine  eyes  have  seen. 
^  Go  -^not  forth  hastily  to  strive, 

Lest  thou  know  not  what  to  do  in  the  end  thereof, 

When  thy  neighbour  hath  put  thee  to  shame. 
^  Debate  °'thy  cause  with  thy  neighbour  himself, 

And  discover  not  ta  secret  to  another ; 
^^  Lest  he  that  heareth  it  put  thee  to  shame, 

And  thine  infamy  turn  not  away. 

11  A  word  *fitly  spoken  is  like  apples  of  gold  in  pictures  of  silvet 

12  As  an  earring  of  gold,  and  an  ornament  of  fine  gold, 
So  is  a  wise  reprover  upon  an  obedient  ear. 

13  As  the  cold  of  snow  in  the  time  of  harvest. 
So  is  a  faithful  messenger  to  them  that  send  him  ; 
For  he  refresheth  the  soul  of  his  masters. 

1^  Whoso  boasteth  himself  +of  a  false  gift 
Is  like  ''clouds  and  wind  without  rain. 

1^  By  'long  forbearing  is  a  prince  persuaded. 
And  a  soft  tongue  breaketh  the  bone. 

1*^  Hast  thou  found  honey  ?  eat  so  much  as  is  sufficient  for  thee, 
Lest  thou  be  filled  therewith,  and  vomit  it, 

1"^  ^Withdraw  thy  foot  from  thy  neighbour's  house ; 
Lest  he  be  *  weary  of  thee,  and  so  hate  thee. 

IS  A^man  that  beareth  false  witness  against  his  neighbour  is  a  maul, 
A  sword,  and  a  sharp  arrow, 

1^  Confidence  in  an  unfaithful  man  in  time  of  trouble 
Is  like  a  broken  tooth,  and  a  foot  out  of  joint. 

2"  As  he  that  taketh  away  a  garment  in  cold  weather, 
And  as  vinegar  upon  nitre, 
So  is  he  that  *singeth  songs  to  a  heavy  heart. 

'^1  If  'thine  enemy  be  hungry,  give  him  bread  to  eat, 
And  if  he  be  thirsty,  give  him  water  to  drink  ; 
22  For  thou  shalt  heap  coals  of  fire  upon  his  head. 
And  ""the  Lord  shall  reward  thee. 

23  The  north  wind  tdriveth  away  rain. 
So  doth  an  angry  countenance  a  backbiting  tongue. 

-^  It  is  better  to  dwell  in  the  corner  of  the  housetop. 
Than  with  a  brawling  woman  and  in  a  wide  house. 

2^  As  cold  waters  to  a  thirsty  soul, 
So  is  good  news  from  a  far  country. 

26  A  righteous  man  falling  down  before  the  wicked 
Is  as  a  troubled  fountain,  and  a  corrupt  spring. 

2'''  It  is  not  good  to  eat  much  honey, 
So  for  men  to  search  their  own  glory  is  not  glory. 

28  He  that  hath  no  rule  over  his  own  spirit 
Is  like  a  city  that  is  broken  down,  and  without  walls. 

1  As  snow  in  summer,  and  as  rain  in  harvest.  Chap.  xxvL 
So  honor  is  not  seemly  for  a  fool. 

2  As  the  bird  by  wandering,  as  the  swallow  by  flying. 
So  "the  curse  causeless  shall  not  come. 

3  A  "whip  for  the  horse,  a  bridle  for  the  ass. 
And  a  rod  for  the  fool's  back. 

'^  Answer  not  a  fool  according  to  his  folly. 
Lest  thou  also  be  like  unto  him. 

^  Answer  ''a  fool  according  to  his  folly, 
Lest  he  be  wise  in  this  own  conceit. 

6  He  that  sendeth  a  message  by  the  hand  of  a  fool 
Cutteth  off  the  feet,  and  drinketh  *damage. 


604 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V- 


t  Heb.  UfUd 


X  Or,  pxUteth  a 
precums  stone  in 
a  heap  of  stones. 


*  Or,  A  great  man 
grievetA  all,  and 
he  hireth  the  fool, 
he  hiretJi  also 
transip-essors. 

5  2  Pe.  2.  22. 

t  Hob.  ilerateth 
hUfoUy.  Ex.  8. 
15. 

rLu.  18.  11.  Ro. 
12.  16.  Re.  3. 
17. 


X  Or,  Se  is  vtary. 


*  Or,  is  enraged. 


t  Heb./amM,  or, 
sparks. 


s  Eph.  5. 


*  Or,  whisperer. 
t  Heb.  is  silmt. 


X  Heb.  chambers. 


'  Or,  is  knoxon. 


■f  Heb.  maketh  his 
voice  gracious. 


X  Or,  Hatred  is 
covered  in  secret. 


t  Pb.  7.  15,  16. 
Ec.  10.  8. 


u  Lu.  12.  19,  20. 

Ja.  4.  13,  &.C. 
*  Heb.  to-mo7-rovi 

day. 


I  Heb.  Iieatiness. 


X  Heb.  is  cruelty, 

and  anger  an 

overfiowing. 
V  1  Jo.  3.  12. 
*  Or,  jealousy. 

ch.  6.  34. 
w  Gal.  2.  14. 
■f  Or,  earnest,  or, 

frequent. 
X  Heb.  trcadeth 

under  foot. 


"^  The  legs  of  the  lame  are  tnot  equal, 
So  is  a  parable  in  the  mouth  of  fools. 

^  As  he  that  tbindeth  a  stone  in  a  sling, 
So  is  he  that  giveth  honor  to  a  fool. 

^  As  a  thorn  goeth  up  into  the  hand  of  a  drunkard. 
So  is  a  parable  in  the  mouth  of  fools. 

^°  *The  great  God  that  formed  all  things  both  rewardeth  the  fool. 
And  rewardeth  transgressors. 

^^  As  'a  dog  returneth  to  his  vomit, 
So  a  fool  freturneth  to  his  folly. 

^^  Seest  '^thou  a  man  wise  in  his  own  conceit  ? 
There  is  more  hope  of  a  fool  than  of  him. 

^^  The  slothful  man  saith,  "  There  is  a  lion  in  the  way  ; 
A  lion  is  in  the  streets." 
^^  As  the  door  turneth  upon  his  hinges, 

So  doth  the  slothful  upon  his  bed. 
^^  The  slothful  hideth  his  hand  in  his  bosom ; 

tit  grieveth  him  to  bring  it  again  to  his  mouth. 
^^  The  sluggard  is  wiser  in  his  own  conceit 
Than  sev^n  men  that  can  render  a  reason. 

^■^  He    that    passeth   by,    and  *nieddleth  with    strife   belonging 
not  to  him, 
Is  like  one  that  taketh  a  dog  by  the  ears. 
^^  As  a  mad  man  who  casteth  tfirebrands,  arrows,  and  death, 
^^  So  is  the  man  that  deceiveth  his  neighbour, 

And  saith,  'Am  not  I  in  sport  ? 
^°  tWhere  no  wood  is,  there  the  fire  goeth  out, 

So  where  there  is  no  *talebearer,  the  strife  tceaseth. 
^^  As  coals  are  to  burning  coals,  and  wood  to  fire, 

So  is  a  contentious  man  to  kindle  strife. 
^^  The  words  of  a  talebearer  are  as  wounds. 

And  they  go  down  into  the  linnermost  parts  of  the  belly. 

^^  Burning  lips  and  a  wicked  heart 
Are  like  a  potsherd  covered  with  silver  dross. 
2"^  He  that  hateth  *dissembleth  with  his  lips, 

And  layeth  up  deceit  within  him  ; 
2^  When  he  tspeaketh  fair,  believe  him  not ; 

For  there  are  seven  abominations  in  his  heart. 
^^  tWhose  hatred  is  covered  by  deceit, 

His  wickedness  shall  be  showed  before  the  whole  congregation. 
^"^  Whoso  'diggeth  a  pit  shall  fall  therein  ; 

And  he  that  rolleth  a  stone,  it  will  return  upon  him. 
2^  A  lying  tongue  hateth  those  that  are  afflicted  by  it ; 
And  a  flattering  mouth  worketh  ruin. 

^  Boast  "not  thyself  of  *to-morrow  ;  CHAP.xxvii. 

For  thou  knowest  not  what  a  day  may  bring  forth. 

2  Let  another  man  praise  thee,  and  not  thine  own  mouth  ; 
A  stranger,  and  not  thine  own  lips. 

^  A  stone  is  theavy,  and  the  sand  weighty  ; 
But  a  fool's  wrath  is  heavier  than  them  both. 

*  Wrath  lis  cruel,  and  anger  is  outrageous  ; 
But  "who  is  able  to  stand  before  *envy  ? 
^  Open  "rebuke  is  better  than  secret  love. 
^  Faithful  are  the  wounds  of  a  friend  ; 
But  the  kisses  of  an  enemy  are  tdeceitful. 
■^  The  full  soul  tloatheth  a  honeycomb ; 
But  to  the  hungry  soul  every  bitter  thing  is  sweet. 


Part  VI.]  THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON.  605 

^  As  a  bird  that  wandereth  from  her  nest, 
So  is  a  man  that  wandereth  from  his  place. 
^  Ointment  and  perfume  rejoice  the  heart, 

•  ueb.  from  the         Qq  ^Jqjjj  jj^g  swcctncss  of  a  man's  friend  *by  hearty  counsel. 
cjnmse  o    e  ^^  Thiuc  own  friend,  and  thy  father's  friend,  forsake  not ; 

Neither  go  into  thy  brother's  house  in  the  day  of  thy  calamity : 
For  better  is  a  neighbour  that  is  near  than  a  brother  far  off. 

1^  My  son,  be  wise,  and  make  my  heart  glad. 
That  I  may  answer  him  that  reproacheth  me. 

1^  A  prudent  man  foreseeth  the  evil,  and  hideth  himself; 
But  the  simple  pass  on,  and  are  punished. 
X  See  Ex.  22.  26.  13  Take  ""his  garment  that  is  surety  for  a  stranger. 

And  take  a  pledge  of  him  for  a  strange  woman. 

^■*  He  that  blesseth  his  friend  with  a  loud  voice,  rising  early  in 
the  morning, 
It  shall  be  counted  a  curse  to  him. 

^^  A  continual  dropping  in  a  very  rainy  day 
And  a  contentious  woman  are  alike. 
^^  Whosoever  hideth  her  hideth  the  wind, 

And  the  ointment  of  his  right  hand,  which  bewrayeth  itself. 

1''  Iron  sharpeneth  iron. 
So  a  man  sharpeneth  the  countenance  of  his  friend. 
y  1  Co.  9. 7, 13.  18  Whoso  ^kccpcth  the  fig  tree  shall  eat  the  fruit  thereof : 

So  he  that  waiteth  on  his  master  shall  be  honored. 

^^  As  in  water  face  answereth  to  face. 
So  the  heart  of  man  to  man. 
iHab.2.5.  20  jjgH  ^g^j^jj  destructiou  are  fnever  full. 

So  "the  eyes  of  man  are  never  satisfied. 

21  As  the  fining  pot  for  silver,  and  the  furnace  for  gold, 
So  is  a  man  to  his  praise. 
6^is.  1. 5.  Je.  5.  22  Though  'thou  shouldcst  bray  a  fool  in  a  mortar 

Among  wheat  with  a  pestle. 
Yet  will  not  his  foolishness  depart  from  him. 

23  Be  thou  diligent  to  know  the  state  of  thy  flocks, 
^h^H. "'  '''^  And  tlook  well  to  thy  herds. 

•  Heb.  strength.    24  YoT  *riches  are  not  for  ever ; 

t  Heb.  to  genera.       ^ud  doth  the  crowu  cudurc  tto  every  generation  ? 

tion  and  genera-  ,  i  i     •         i  r 

tion.  Ps.  104. 14.  25  ^hc  hay  appeareth,  and  the  tender  grass  showeth  itselt, 
And  herbs  of  the  mountains  are  gathered. 

26  The  lambs  are  for  thy  clothing. 

And  the  goats  are  the  price  of  the  field. 

27  And  thou  shall  have  goats'  milk  enough  for  thy  food, 
For  the  food  of  thy  household, 

X  Heb.  life.  And  for  the  tmaintenance  for  thy  maidens. 

eLo.26. 17,36.  1  The  'wicked  flee  when  no  man  pursueth  ;  Chap.  xxviiL 

But  the  righteous  are  bold  as  a  lion. 

2  For  the  transgression  of  a  land  many  are  the  princes  thereof ; 
*ur^e^t^n^         But  *by  a  man  of  understanding  and  knowledge  the  state  thereof 

and  wisdom  shatt  shall  bc    proloilgcd. 

prolong'^'  *'  ^  A  ''poor  man  that  oppresseth  the  poor 

t  Heb'iti  ^^  ^^^^  ^  sweeping  rain  t which  leaveth  no  food. 

food.' ""  ""'  4  They  'that  forsake  the  law  praise  the  wicked  ; 

/fKi^s^is  21  But^such  as  keep  the  law  contend  with  them. 

Mat.' 3.  v.  &  u.  5  Eyii  „ien  understand  not  judgment ; 

gjohni^y!'  But  ^they  that  seek  the  Lord  understand  all  things. 


f  Heb.  not. 

a  Ec.  1.  8.  St.  6.  7. 


2. 20  27.  Better  is  the  poor  that  walketh  in  his  uprightness 


ICo.  2.  15.  IJo.  6 


Than  he  that  is  perverse  in  his  ways,  though  he  be  rich. 

2y* 


606 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


J  OT,feedetli  glut- 
tons. 

h  See  Job  27.  16, 
17. 

*  Heh.  by 


tZe.  7.  11. 


j  Mat.  6.  33. 
t  Heb.  eyes. 

k  Ec.  10.  6. 

X  Or,  sought 
fur. 
Mohn  1.8-10. 


m  Ro.  2.  5.  &.  11. 
20. 
n  1  Pe.  5.  8. 


p  Ge.  9.  6.  Ex. 
21.  14. 


Or,  unpunished. 


q  Ez.  13.  19. 

■f  Or,  hath  an  evil 
eye  hasteth  to  be 
rich. 


I  Heb.  a  man  de- 
stroying: 


s  De.  15.  7,  &.C. 


*  Heb.  j9  7nan  of 
reproofs.  1  Sa. 
2.  25.  2  Ch.  36. 
16. 

t  Est.  8.  15. 

t  Or,  increased. 

u  Est.  3.  IS. 

V  Lu.  15.  13,  30. 


X  Heb. 
ablatio 


''  Whoso  keepeth  the  law  is  a  wise  son  ; 
But  he  that  tis  a  companion  of  riotous  men  shameth  his  father. 

^  He  ''that  by  usury  and  *unjust  gain  increaseth  his  substance, 
He  shall  gather  it  for  him  that  will  pity  the  poor. 

^  He  'that  turneth  away  his  ear  from  hearing  the  law, 
Even  his  prayer  shall  be  abomination. 

'°  Whoso  causeth  the  righteous  to  go  astray  in  an  evil  way, 
He  shall  fall  himself  into  his  own  pit ; 
But^the  upright  shall  have  good  things  in  possession. 

^^  The  rich  man  is  wise  in  his  town  conceit ; 
But  the  poor  that  hath  understanding  searcheth  him  out, 

^2  When  ^righteous  men  do  rejoice,  there  is  great  glory ; 
But  when  the  wicked  rise,  a  man  is  thidden. 

^^  He  'that  covereth  his  sins  shall  not  prosper ; 
But  whoso  confesseth  and  forsaketh  them  shall  have  mercy. 

1^  Happy  is  the  man  that  feareth  always  ; 
But  '"he  that  hardeneth  his  heart  shall  fall  into  mischief. 

1^  As  "a  roaring  lion,  and  a  ranging  bear. 
So  °is  a  wicked  ruler  over  the  poor  people. 

1'^  The  prince  that  wanteth  understanding  is  also  a  great  oppressor ; 
But  he  that  hateth  covetousness  shall  prolong  his  days. 

1'^  A  ^man  that  doeth  violence  to  the  blood  of  any  person 
Shall  flee  to  the  pit ;  let  no  man  stay  him. 

1^  Whoso  walketh  uprightly  shall  be  saved  ; 
But  he  that  is  perverse  in  his  ways  shall  fall  at  once. 

^^  He  that  tilleth  his  land  shall  have  plenty  of  bread  ; 
But  he  that  followeth  after  vain  persons  shall  have  poverty  enough. 

-•^  A  faithful  man  shall  abound  with  blessings  ; 
But  he  that  maketh  haste  to  be  rich  shall  not  be  *innocent. 

^^  To  have  respect  of  persons  is  not  good ; 
For  'for  a  piece  of  bread  that  man  will  transgress. 

22  He  that  thasteth  to  be  rich  hath  an  evil  eye, 

And  considereth  not  that  poverty  shall  come  upon  him. 

23  He  that  rebuketh  a  man  afterwards  shall  find  more  favor 
Than  he  that  flattercth  with  the  tongue. 

2^  Whoso   robbeth  his  father  or  his  mother,  and   saith,   It  is  no 
The  same  is  the  companion  of  ta  destroyer.  [transgression  ; 

-^  He  that  is  of  a  proud  heart  stirreth  up  strife  ; 
But  lie  that  putteth  his  trust  in  the  Lord  shall  be  made  fat. 

2^  He  that  trusteth  in  his  own  heart  is  a  fool ; 
But  whoso  walketh  wisely,  he  shall  be  delivered. 

2^  He  "that  giveth  unto  the  poor  shall  not  lack  ; 
But  he  that  hideth  his  eyes  shall  have  many  a  curse. 

2^  When  the  wicked  rise,  men  hide  themselves  ; 
But  when  they  perish,  the  righteous  increase. 

^  *ne,  that  being  often  reproved  hardeneth  his  neck,       Chap,  xxix. 
Shall  suddenly  be  destroyed,  and  that  without  remedy. 

2  When  'the  righteous  are  fin  authority,  the  people  rejoice  ; 
But  when  the  wicked  beareth  rule,  "the  people  mourn. 

3  Whoso  loveth  wisdom  rejoiceth  his  father ; 

But  "he  that  keepeth  company  with  harlots  spendeth  his  substance. 

''  The  king  by  judgment  establisheth  the  land  ; 
But  the  that  receiveth  gifts  overthroweth  it. 

^  A  man  that  flattercth  his  neighbour 
Spreadcth  a  net  for  his  feet. 

^  In  the  transgression  of  an  evil  man  there  is  a  snare  ; 
But  the  righteous  doth  sing  and  rejoice. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


607 


Or,  set  a  city  on 


t  Heb.  Men  of 
blood.  Ge.  4.  5, 
8.  1  Jo.  3.  1-2. 


X  Or,  the  \Lsurer. 
X  Mat.  5.  45. 


7/  Pa.  37.  36. 


*  Or,  is  made 

naked, 
a  John  13.  17.  Ja. 

1.  25. 

■f  Or,  matters. 


b  Job  22.  29.  Is. 

66.  2.  Da.  4.  30, 

&c.  Mat.  23.  12. 

Lu.  14.  11.  & 

18. 14.  Ac.  12. 

23.  Ja.  4.  6,  10. 

1  Pe.  5.5. 
c  Le.  5.  1. 
d  Go.  1-3.  12.  & 

20.  2,  11. 
J  Heb.  set  on 

high. 
*  Heb.  tMface  of 

a  ruler. 


■^  The  rio;hteous  considereth  the  cause  of  the  poor ; 
But  the  wicked  regardetli  not  to  know  it. 

s  Scornful  men  *bring  a  city  into  a  snare; 
But  wise  men  turn  away  wrath. 

3  If  a  wise  man  contendeth  with  a  foohsh  man, 
Whether  "he  rage  or  laugh,  there  is  no  rest. 

^°  tThe  bloodUiirsty  hate  the  upright ; 
But  the  just  seek  his  soul. 

1^  A  fool  uttereth  all  his  mind  ; 
But  a  wise  man  keepeth  it  in  till  afterwards. 

^2  If  a  ruler  hearken  to  lies, 
All  his  servants  are  wicked. 

13  The  poor  and  tthe  deceitful  man  meet  together : 
The  ""Lord  lighteneth  both  their  eyes. 

14  The  king  that  faithfully  judgeth  the  poor, 
His  throne  shall  be  estabhshed  for  ever. 

1^  The  rod  and  reproof  give  wisdom ; 
But  a  child  left  to  himself  bringeth  his  mother  to  shame. 

1'^  When  the  wicked  are  multiplied,  transgression  increaseth ; 
But  "the  righteous  shall  see  their  fall. 

1^  Correct  thy  son,  and  he  shall  give  thee  rest; 
Yea,  he  shall  give  delight  unto  thy  soul. 

1^  Where  '"there  is  no  vision,  the  people  *perish ; 
But  "he  that  keepeth  the  law,  happy  is  he ! 

19  A  servant  will  not  be  corrected  by  words ; 
For  though  he  understand  he  will  not  answer. 

2°  Seest  thou  a  man  that  is  hasty  in  his  fwords  ? 
There  is  more  hope  of  a  fool  tiian  of  him. 

21  He  that  delicately  bringeth  up  his  servant  from  a  child 
Shall  have  him  become  his  son  at  the  length. 

2^  An  angry  man  stirreth  up  strife. 
And  a  furious  man  aboundeth  in  transgression. 

23  A  ''man's  pride  shall  bring  him  low  ; 
But  honor  shall  uphold  the  humble  in  spirit. 

21  Whoso  is  partner  with  a  thief  hateth  his  own  soul : 
He  'heareth  cursing,  and  bev/rayeth  it  not. 

25  The  ''fear  of  man  bringeth  a  snare  ; 
But  whoso  putteth  his  trust  in  the  Lord  shall  be  tsafe. 

2*5  Many  seek  *the  ruler's  favor ; 
But  every  man's  judgment  cometh  from  the  Lord. 

2^  An  unjust  man  is  an  abomination  to  the  just ; 
And  he  that  is  upright  in  the  way  is  abomination  to  the  wicked. 


(i«)PART  v.— Section  I. 


10  Tlie  meanest  are 


Chap.  XXX.  1  Ao-ur'.^  confession  of  ins  faith.    1  The  two  points  of  Ins  prayer 

not  to  he  wronged.  U  Four  wicked  generations.  15  Four  things  insatiable.  \1  Parens  are 
not  to  be  despised.  18  Four  tilings  hard  to  be  known.  21  Four  things  intolerable.  24  tour 
things  exceeding  wise.     29  Four  lUings  stalely.     32  Wrath  is  to  be  prevented. 

1  The  Words  of  Agur  the  Son  of  .Takeh,  even  the  Prophecy: 
THE  Man  spake  unto  Ithiel,  even  unto  Ithiel  and  Ucal, 
2  Surely  I  am  more  brutish  than  any  man, 
And  have  not  the  understanding  of  a  man. 


('2)  Part  V.  consists  onl}'  of  two  chapters,  xxx. 
and  XXXI.  In  the  former  are  included  the  wise  ob- 
servations and  instructions  delivered  by  A^ur,  the 
son  of  Jakeli,  to  his  pupils,  Itliiel  and  Ucal.  The 
thirty-tirst  contains  the  precepts  delivered  to  Lemuel 
by  his  mother,  who  was  supposed  to  have  been  a 
Jewish  woman,  married  to  a  neighbouring  prince. 


and  to  have  been  anxious  to  establish  the  rnind  of 
her  son  in  virtuous  principles,  and  to  unite  him  to  a 
wife  professing  the  same  regard  for  religion.  Others 
believe  the  mother  of  Lemuel  to  have  been  Abijah, 
the  dauo-hter  of  the  high  priest  Zechanah,  and 
mother  of  king  Hezekiah  :  others,  tliat  she  was  the 
mother  of  Solomon.— Vide  Home,  Gray,  Lightfoot. 


608 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


b  Job  38.  4,  tee. 
Ps.  104.  a,  tc. 
Ib.  40.  12,  &.C. 


c  Ps.  12.  6. 
t  Heb.  purified. 

See  Ge.  15.  1. 
d  De.  4.  2.  &  12, 

32.  Re.  22.  18, 

19. 


X  Heb.  Withhold 
not  from  me. 


/De.  8. 12, 14, 17. 

Ne.  9.  25,  26. 

Job  31.  24,  25, 

28.  Ho.  13.  6. 
t  Heb.  bdic  thee. 
X  Heb.  Hurt  not 

with  thy  tongue. 


g  Lu.  18.  11. 


A  Job  29.  17.  Ps. 
52.  2.  &  57. 4. 


i  Ps.  14.  4.  Am. 
8.4. 


•  Heb.  Wealth. 
j  Hab.  2.  5. 


t  Ge.  9.  22.  Le. 

20.9. 

t  Or,  hrook. 


X  Heb.  heart. 


^  I  neither  learned  wisdom. 

Nor  *have  the  knowledge  of  the  holy. 
"*  Who  "hath  ascended  up  into  heaven,  or  descended? 

Who  ''hath  gathered  the  wind  in  his  fists  ? 

Who  hath  bound  the  waters  in  a  garment  ? 

Who  hath  established  all  the  ends  of  the  earth  ? 

What  is  his  name,  and  what  is  his  son's  name, — if  thou  canst  tell  ? 
^  Every  'word  of  God  is  tpure  : 

He  is  a  shield  unto  them  that  put  their  trust  in  him. 
^  Add  ''thou  not  unto  his  words, 

Lest  he  reprove  thee,  and  thou  be  found  a  liar. 
''  Two  things  have  I  required  of  thee  ; 

JDeny  me  them  not  before  I  die  : 
®  Remove  far  from  me  vanity  and  lies : 

Give  me  neither  poverty  nor  riches  ; 

Feed  'me  with  food  *convenient  for  me  : 
^  Lest  ^I  be  full,  and  tdeny  thee, 

And  say.  Who  is  the  Lord  ?  or  lest  I  be  poor,  and  steal, 

And  take  the  name  of  my  God  in  vain. 
^^  JAccuse  not  a  servant  unto  his  master, 

Lest  he  curse  thee,  and  thou  be  found  guilty. 
^^  There  is  a  generation  that  curseth  their  father, 

And  doth  not  bless  their  mother. 
^^  There  is  a  generation  ^that  are  pure  in  their  own  eyes, 

And  yet  is  not  washed  from  their  filthiness. 
^^  There  is  a  generation,  O  how  lofty  are  their  eyes ! 

And  their  eyelids  are  lifted  up. 
^^  There  ''is  a  generation,  whose  teeth  are  as  swords, 

And  their  jaw-teeth  as  knives, 

To  "devour  the  poor  from  oflT  the  earth, 

And  the  needy  from  among  men. 
^^  The  horseleech  hath  two  daughters,  crying,  "  Give  !  give  ! " 

There  are  three  things  that  are  never  satisfied. 

Yea,  four  things  say  not,  *It  is  enough — 
^^  The  •'grave  ;  and  the  barren  womb  ; 

The  earth  that  is  not  filled  with  water  ; 

And  the  fire  that  saith  not,  It  is  enough. 
^^  The  *eye  that  mocketh  at  his  father. 

And  despiseth  to  obey  his  mother. 

The  ravens  of  the  tvalley  shall  pick  it  out. 

And  the  young  eagles  shall  eat  it. 
^^  There  be  three  things  which  are  too  wonderful  for  me, 

Yea,  four  which  I  know  not ; 
^^  The  way  of  an  eagle  in  the  air. 

The  way  of  a  serpent  upon  a  rock. 

The  way  of  a  ship  in  the  tmidst  of  the  sea, 

And  the  way  of  a  man  with  a  maid. 
^^  Such  is  the  way  of  an  adulterous  woman  ; 

She  eateth,  and  wipeth  her  mouth, 

And  saith,  I  have  done  no  wickedness. 
-^  For  three  things  the  earth  is  disquieted, 

And  for  four  which  it  cannot  bear ; 
^  For  'a  servant  when  he  reigneth, 

And  a  fool  when  he  is  filled  with  meat, 
^^  For  an  odious  woman  when  she  is  married, 

And  a  handmaid  that  is  heir  to  her  mistress 


Part  VI.] 


'  Heb.  wise,  made 


.  104. 18. 


■(  Heb.  gathered 
tog-ether. 


I  Or,  horse.  Heb. 
girl  in  the  loins. 


71  Job  21.  5.  Ec. 
8.  3.  Mic.  7.  16. 


THE  PROVERBS  OF  SOLOMON. 

2^  There  be  four  things  which  are  httle  upon  the  earth, 
But  they  arc  *exceeding  wise  ; 

25  The  ants  are  a  people  not  strong, 

Yet  they  prepare  their  meat  in  the  summer  ; 

26  The  '"conies  are  but  a  feeble  folk, 

Yet  make  they  their  houses  in  the  rocks  ; 

27  The  locusts  have  no  king. 

Yet  go  they  forth  all  of  them  tby  bands ; 

28  The  spider  taketh  hold  with  her  hands, 
And  is  in  kings'  palaces. 

29  There  be  three  things  which  go  well, 
Yea,  four  are  comely  in  going : 

30  A  lion  which  is  strongest  among  beasts. 
And  turneth  not  away  for  any  ; 

31  A  tgreyhound,  a  he-goat  also. 

And  a  king,  against  whom  there  is  no  rising  up. 

33  If  thou  hast  done  foolishly  in  lifting  up  thyself, 
Or  if  thou  hast  thought  evil,  "lay  thy  hand  upon  thy  mouth. 
33  Surely  the  churning  of  milk  bringeth  forth  butter, 
And  the  wringing  of  the  nose  bringeth  forth  blood  ; 
So  the  forcing  of  wrath  bringeth  forth  strife. 


509 


SECT.  ir. 


a  De.  17.  17.  Ne. 
13.26.  Ho.  4.11. 
b  Ec.  10.  17. 


c  Ho.  4.  11. 
*  Heb.  alter. 
^  Heb.  of  all  the 

sons  of  affliction. 
t  Heb.  bitter  of 

soul.  1  Sa.  1.  10. 


d  See  Job  29.  15, 

16. 
e  1  Sa.  19.  4.  Est. 

4.  16. 
*  Heb.  the  sons  of 

destruction, 
fhe.  19.  13. 
g  Job  29.  12.  Is. 

1.  17.  Je.  22.  16. 


h'Ro.  12.  11. 
t  Lu.  12.  42. 


VOL.    1 


Section  II. 

Chap    xxxi.  1  Lemuel's  lesson  of  ckaslUy  and  temperance.     6  The  ajlictedare  to  be  comforted  and 
V.nap.  -vx.  defended.     10  Tlie  praise  aiid  properties  oj  a  good  wife. 

^  The  Words   of   king  Lemuel,  the  Prophecy  that    his  Mother 
taught  him. 
2  WHAT,  my  son  ? 
And  what,  the  son  of  my  womb  ? 
And  what,  the  son  of  my  vows  ? 
3  Give  not  thy  strength  unto  women, 
Nor  thy  ways  "to  that  which  destroyeth  kings. 

4  It  ^is  not  for  kings,  O  Lemuel ! 
It  is  not  for  kings  to  drink  wine  ; 
Nor  for  princes  strong  drink  : 

5  Lest  'they  drink,  and  forget  the  law, 

And  *  pervert  the  judgment  tof  any  of  the  afflicted. 

6  Give  strong  drink  unto  him  that  is  ready  to  perish, 
And  wine  to  those  that  be  tof  heavy  hearts. 

■?  Let  him  drink,  and  forget  his  poverty. 
And  remember  his  misery  no  more. 
8  Open  "thy  mouth  for  the  dumb 
In  ^the  cause  of  all  *such  as  are  appointed  to  destruction. 
9  Open  thy  mouth,  •'judge  righteously, 
And  "plead  the  cause  of  the  poor  and  needy. 

10  Who  can  find  a  virtuous  woman  ? 
For  her  price  is  far  above  rubies. 

11  The  heart  of  her  husband  doth  safely  trust  in  her. 
So  that  he  shall  have  no  need  of  spoil. 

12  She  will  do  him  good  and  not  evil  all  the  days  of  her  hte. 

13  She  seeketh  wool,  and  flax, 

And  worketh  willingly  with  her  hands, 
i-i  She  is  like  the  merchants'  ships ; 

She  bringeth  her  food  from  afar. 
15  She  ''riseth  also  while  it  is  yet  night, 

And  ^giveth  meat  to  her  household. 

And  a  portion  to  her  maidens. 
77 


•  Heb.  spreadeth. 
Eph.  4.  28.  He. 
13.  16. 


610  OFFENCE  OF  SOLOMON.  [Period  V 

t  Heb.  ujitth.       16  gjje  considereth  a  field,  and  f buyeth  it : 

With  the  fruit  of  her  hands  she  planteth  a  vineyard. 
^'  She  girdeth  her  loins  with  strength, 

And  strengtheneth  her  arms, 
t  Heb.  ta^tem.      18  g]^g  tperceivetli  that  her  merchandise  is  good  : 

Her  candle  goeth  not  out  by  night. 
^^  She  layeth  her  hands  to  the  spindle, 

And  her  hands  hold  the  distaff. 

She  *stretcheth  out  her  hand  to  the  poor ; 

Yea,  she  reacheth  forth  her  hands  to  the  needy. 
2^  She  is  not  afraid  of  the  snow  for  her  household ; 
^me^^.""*''^'""        For  all  her  household  are  clothed  with  tscarlet. 
"~  She  maketh  herself  coverings  of  tapestry; 

Her  clothing  is  silk  and  purple. 
^  Her  husband  is  known  in  the  gates, 

When  he  sitteth  among  the  elders  of  the  land. 
"*  She  maketh  fine  linen,  and  selleth  it ; 

And  delivereth  girdles  unto  the  merchant. 
^^  Strength  and  honor  are  her  clothing ; 

And  she  shall  rejoice  in  time  to  come. 
^^  She  openeth  her  mouth  with  wisdom  ; 

And  in  her  tongue  is  the  law  of  kindness. 
^  She  looketh  well  to  the  ways  of  her  household, 

And  eateth  not  the  bread  of  idleness. 
^®  Her  children  arise  up,  and  call  her  blessed ; 

Her  husband  also,  and  he  praiseth  her. 
^^A^.""'^""*"  ^  Many  daughters  thave  done  virtuously. 

But  thou  excellest  them  all ! 
'■^^  Favor  is  deceitful,  and  beauty  is  vain  ; 

But  a  woman  that  feareth  the  Lord,  she  shall  be  praised. 
^^  Give  her  of  the  fruit  of  her  hands, 

And  let  her  own  works  praise  her  in  the  gates. 

[end  of  the  book  of  proverbs.] 


PART^VII.  PART      VII. 

A.  M.  3024  to  OFFENCEOFSOLOMON. 

D   <".  non  .  1  Kings  xi.  1-14,  and.  23-40. 

B.  c  yyu  to  ' 

975.  Solomon's  wives  and  conciihines.     4  In  his  old  age  they  draw  him  to  idolatry.     9  God  tlireateneth 

A?>«.     14  Solo7non's  adversaries  ivere  Hndad,  icho  was  entertained  in  Egi/pt,    23  Rezon,  who 

reigned  in  Damascus,  26  and  Jeroboam,  to  whom  Ahijah  prophesied. 

*ot,bcsides.  ^  BUT  king  Solomon  loved  many  strange  women,  *together    with 

the  daughter  of  Pharaoh,  women  of  the  Moabites,  Ammonites,  Edom- 

ites,  Zidonians,  and   Hittitcs  ;  -  of  the  nations  concerning  which  the 

aEx.34.  iG.        LoRD  Said  uuto  thc  childrcH  of  Israel,  "Ye  "shall  not  go  in  to  them, 

neither  shall   they  come   in  unto  you  ;  for  surely  they  will   turn  away 

your  heart  after  their  gods  :  "   Solomon  clave  unto  these  in  love.  ^  And 

he  hud  seven  hundred  wives,  princesses,  and  three  hundred  concubines  : 

and  his  wives  turned  away  his  heart.  '*  For  it  came  to  pass,  when  Sol- 

4De.  17. 17.        onion  was  old,  ''that  his  wives  tunied  away  his  heart  after  other  gods; 

'iw'il  ^^'  ^^''  ^"^'  '^'^  heart  was  not  perfect  with  the  Lord  his  God,  as  was  the  heart 

t  Called  ./Vo/ecft,    of  David  his  father.  ^  For  Solomon  went  after  'Ashtoreth  the  goddess 

iHcb.'Mfiiird     ^^  ^^^^  Zidonians,  and  after  tMilcom  the  abomination  of  the  Ammon- 

(/ier.Nu.i4.  itos.  '"'And  Solomon  did  evil  in  the  sight  of  thc  Loud,  and  tvvent  not 

fully  after  the  Lord,  as  did  David   his  father.  "Then  ''did   Solomon 


24. 
d  Nu.  33.  52, 


e  N"^2i.  29.  Jii.  build  a  high  place  for  'Chemosh,  the  abomination  of  Moab,  -^in  the  hill 
/2Ki.23. 13.       that  is  before  Jerusalem,  and  for  Molech,  the  abomination  of  the  chil- 


Pj^^r  \L]  OFFENCE  OF  SOLOMON.  611 

dren  of  Amnion.  ^  And  likewise  did  he  for  all  his  strange  wives,  which 
burnt  incense  and  sacrificed  unto  their  gods. 

3  And  the  Lord  was  angry  with  Solomon,  because  his  heart  was 
^iKi.3.5.&  turned  from  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  ° which  had  appeared  unto  him 
M  Si.  6.  li  &  twice,  i«  and  "had  commanded  him  concerning  this  thing,  that  he  should 
^-  ^-  not  go  after  other  gods  ;  but  he   kept  not  that  which  the  Lord  com- 

manded. 1^  Wherefore  the  Lord  said  unto  Solomon,  "  Forasmuch  as 
*neh.uwM  ^i^ig  *is  (jone  of  thee,  and  thou  hast  not  kept  my  covenant  and  my 
statutes,  which  I  have  commanded  thee,  I  will  surely  rend  the  kingdom 
from  thee,  and  will  give  it  to  thy  servant,  i^  Notwithstanding  in  thy 
days  I  will  not  do  it  for  David  thy  father's  sake ;  but  I  will  rend  it  out 
of  the  hand  of  thy  son.  ^sHowbeit  I  will  not  rend  away  all  the  king- 
dom ;  but  will  give  one  tribe  to  thy  son  for  David  my  servant's  sake, 
and  for  Jerusalem's  sake  which  I  have  chosen." 

^*  And  the  Lord  stirred  up  an  adversary  unto  Solomon,  Hadad  the 
Edomite :  he  was  of  the  king's  seed  in  Edom. 

2-^  And  God  stirred  him  up   another  adversary,  Rezon  the  son  of 
Eliadah,  which  fled  from  his  lord  Hadadezer  king  of  Zobah.  ^4  And  he 
i2Sa.8.3.&io.  gathered  men  unto  him,  and  became  captain  over  a  band,  'when  David 
^'  ^^'  slew  them  of  Zobah  ;  and  they  went  to  Damascus,  and  dwelt  therein, 

and  reigned  in  Damascus.  -'"  And  he  was  an  adversary  to  Israel  all  the 
days  of  Solomon,  besides  the  mischief  that  Hadad  did  ;  and  he  abhorred 
Israel,  and  reigned  over  Syria. 
jiKi.12.2.  26 /^,-^(l  i Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  an  Ephrathite  of  Zereda,  Sol- 

2Ch.i3.6.        Qj^Qj^'s  servant,  whose  mother's  name  was  Zeruah,  a  widow  woman, 
even  he  lifted  up  his  hand  against  the  king.  -^  And  this  was  the  cause 
that  he  lifted  up  his  hand  against  the  king :   Solomon  built  Millo,  and 
t  Heb.  closed,       trepaired  the  breaches  of  the  city  of  David  his  father.  ^^  And  the  man 
Jeroboam  was  a  mighty  man  of  valor  ;  and  Solomon  seeing  the^  young 
tueb.didv,ork.    man  that  he  twas  industrious,  he  made  him  ruler  over  all  the  *charge 
*  "eb.  burden.     ^^  ^j^^  j^^^g^  ^f  Joscph.  ^9  And  it  came  to  pass  at  that  time  when  Jer- 
£  1  Ki.  14.2.       oboam  went  out  of  Jerusalem,  that  the  prophet  'Ahijah  the  Shilomte 
found  him  in  the  way  ;  and  he  had  clad  himself  with  a  new  garment ; 
and  they  two  were  alone  in  the  field,  ^o  And  Ahijah  caught  the  new 
I  See  1  sa.  15.      garment  that  was  on  him,  and  'rent  it  in  twelve  pieces,  ^i  And  he  said 
*"       ■       to  Jeroboam,  "  Take  thee  ten  pieces  ;  for  thus  saith  the  Lord,  the  God 
of  Israel,  Behold,  I  will  rend    the  kingdom  out  of  the  hand  of  Solo- 
mon, and  will  give  ten  tribes  to  thee  ;  ^^  (but  he  shall  have  one  tribe 
for  my  servant  David's  sake,  and  for  Jerusalem's  sake,  the  city  which 
I  have  chosen  out  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel :)  ^'-^  because  that  they  have 
forsaken  me,  and   have  worshipped  Ashtoreth  the  goddess  of  the  Zi- 
donians,  Chemosh  the  god  of  the  Moabites,  and  Milcom  the  god  of  the 
children  of  Ammon,  and  have  not  walked  in  my  ways,  to  do  that  which 
is  right  in  mine  eves,  and  to  keep  my  statutes  and  my  judgments,  as 
did  David  his  father.  ^*  Howbeit  I  will  not  t^ke  the  whole  kingdom  out 
of  iiis  hand  ;  but  I  will  make  him  prince  all  the  days  of  his  life  for 
David   my  servant's   sake,  whom  I  chose,  because  he   kept  my  com- 
miKi.12.16,17.  mandments  and  my  statutes.  ^^^But  '"I  will  take  the  kingdom  out  of 
his  son's  hand,  and  will  give  it  unto  thee,  even  ten  tribes.  =^6  And  unto 
.'J^\'^■.\.    his  son  will  I  give  one  tr^be,  that  "David  my  servant  may  have  a  flight 
always  before  me  in  Jerusalem,  the  city  which  I  have  chosen  me  to  put 
my  name  there.  ^^  And  I  will  take  thee,  and  thou  shalt  reign  according 
to  all  that  thy  soul  desiretii,  and  shalt  be  king  over  Israel,  ^s  And  it 
shall  be,  if  thou  wilt  hearken  unto  all  that  I  command  thee,  and  wilt 
walk  in  my  ways,  and  do  that  is  right  in  my  sight,  to  keep  my  statutes 
and  my  commandments,  as  David  my  servant  did  ;  that  I  will  be  with 
thee,  and  "build  thee  a  sure  house,  as  I  built  for  David,  and  will  give 


2  Ki.  8.  19.  Ps. 
132.  17. 


612 


ECCLESIASTES ;  OR,  THE  PREACHER. 


[Period  V 


Israel  unto  thee.  ^^And  I  will  for  this  afflict  the  seed  of  David,  but 
not  for  ever."  '^^  Solomon  sought  therefore  to  kill  Jeroboam.  And 
Jeroboam  arose,  and  tied  into  Egypt,  unto  Shishak  king  of  Egypt,  and 
was  in  Egypt  until  the  death  of  Solomon. 


a  P3.  39.  5,  6. 
b  Ro.  8.  20. 


ECCLESIASTES  ;  OR,  THE   FREACHER.dS) 

Section  I. — The  First  Proposition. 

Chap.  i.  to  V.  12. 

The  Preacher  showeth  that  all  human  courses  are  vain :  4  because  the  creatures  are  restless  in  their 
courses,  9  theij  bring  forth  nothing  new,  ami  all  old  things  are  forgotten,  12  and  because  he  hath 
found  it  so  in  the  studies  of  wisdom.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  The  vanity  of  human  courses  in  the  works  of 
pleasure.  12  Though  the  wise  be  better  than  the  fool,  yet  both  have  one  event.  18  The  vanity  of 
human  labor,  in  leaving  it  they  knoio  not  to  whom,  i^^  Nothing  better  than  joy  in  our  labor; 
but  that  is  God's  gift.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  By  the  necessary  clmnge  of  times,  vanity  is  added  to  human 
travail.  11  There  is  an  excellency  in  God's  works.  \G  But  as  for  man,  God  shall  judge  his 
works  there,  and  here  he  shall  be  like  a  beast.  —  Chap.  iv.  1  Va7iity  is  increased  unto  men  by  op- 
pression, 4:  by  envy,  5  by  idlene-is ,  1  by  covetousness,  9  by  solitariness ,  13  by  wilfulness.  —  Chap. 
V.  1  Vanities  in  divine  service,  8  in  murmuring  against  oppression,  9  and  in  riches. 

^  The  Words  of  the  Preacher,  the  Son  of    David,  King  of 
Jerusalem. 

^  Vanity  "of  vanities,  saith  the  Preacher,  vanity  of  vanities !  ^all  is 


(")  The  book  of  Ecclesiastes  was  written  by  Solo- 
mon after  his  allegiance  to  God  had  yielded  to  the 
attractions  of  idolatrous  women.  It  has  been  di- 
vided variously  by  different  commentators.  The 
more  usual  division  is  that  of  Dr.  Wells,  into  two 
general  parts  :  the  first  showing  that  all  things  re- 
lating to  this  world  are  vain  and  perishing,  and  can 
afford  no  true  or  lasting  happiness;  the  second 
proving  that  the  fear  of  God  alone  is  real  and  per- 
manent satisfaction  and  wisdom.  Many  passages 
in  this  book  have  been  misunderstood  ;  it  has  been 
supposed  to  savor  of  irreligion  and  immorality. 
The  passages,  however,  in  question,  do  not  express 
the  opinion  of  the  king  :  they  contain  the  false  ar- 
guments which  he  puts  into  the  mouth  of  the 
imaginary  interlocutor  whose  opinions  he  opposes. 
The  best  analysis  of  this  book,  excepting,  perhaps, 
that  of  Diodati,  which  is  too  long  to  be  inserted 
here,  is  that  by  Mr.  Des  Voeux,  which  is  given  in 
Home's  Critical  Introduction,  and  which  I  have 
extracted  as  a  useful  illustration  of  its  various  ob- 
scurities and  difficulties. 

"  Mr.  Des  Voeux,"  says  Mr.  Horrte,  "  reduces 
the  whole  discourse  to  three  propositions,  every  one 
of  which,  when  properly  reflected  upon,  yields  a 
strong  proof  of  a  state  of  future  rewards  and  pun- 
ishments." 

Ch.  i.  1.  The  introduction. 

2,  3.  The  first  pkoposition  : — "No 
labor  or  trouble  of  men  in  this 
world  can  ever  be  so  profitable 
as  to  produce  in  them  a  lasting 
contentment  and  thorough  satis- 
faction of  mind." 
1st  proof.  The  course  of  nature, 
2d  proof  Men's  occupations. 

1st  head.  Wisdom  or  pliiloso- 

phy- 

Ch.  ii.     1,2.  2d   head.  Pleasure. 

Roth  jointly. 
11.  General  conclusion  of  the  second 
proof 
A  review  of  the  second  proof,  with 
special  conclusions  relating  to 
every  particular  therein  men- 
tioned, viz. 

1.  Wisdom. 

2.  Riches. 

3.  Pleasure. 

Ch.  iii.l,&c.  3d  proof  Inconstancy    of    men's 
will. 
9.  Conclusion  of  tiic  third  proof 

A  review  of  the  second  and  third 


4-11. 

12,  &c. 
lG-18. 

i.     1,2. 
3-10. 


12-17. 
18-23. 
24-2G. 


10,11. 


12-15. 


16,  17. 


18-21. 


Ch. 


Ch 


Ch.  vi 
Ch.  vii 


proofs  considered  conjointly. with 
special  observations  and  corolla- 
ries. 

1st  observation.     God  is  incul- 
pable. 
2d  observation.  God  is  the  au- 
thor of  whatever  befalls  us 
in  this  world. 
1st   corollary.    God   shall   re- 
dress all  grievances. 
2d   corollary.     God    must  be 
exalted,  and  man  humbled. 
3d    corollary.     God     alloweth 
men  to  enjoy  the  present. 
4th  proof.  Men's  neglect  of  proper 
opportunities  evidenced  in  seve- 
ral instances,  viz. 

1.  Oppression  : 

2.  Envy  : 

3.  Idleness  : 

4.  Avarice  : 

5.  Misapplication    of  esteem 
and  regard. 

N.  B.  verses  1-9,  is  a  digression, 
containing  several  admonitions, 
in  order  to  prevent  any  miscon- 
struction of  the  foregoing  re- 
marks. 

6.  Expensive  living. 

13.  The       secom)       proposition  : — 
"  Earthly   goods,  and  whatever 
we  can   acquire  by  our  utmost 
trouble  and  labor  in   this  world, 
are  so  far  from  making  us  last- 
ingly happy,  that  they  may  even 
be  regarded  as  real   obstacles  to 
oureasc,  quiet,  and  tranquillity.' 
14-17.  1st  proof  Instability  of  riches. 
18.  2d  proof.  Insufficiency  of  riches  to 
2.       make  one  iiappy. 
3-6.  Corollary.     The    fate    of    an 

abortive  is  preferable,  upon 
the  whole,  to  that  of  one  who 
lives  without  enjoying  life. 
7-9.  3d  proof,  ftlen's  insatiablenoss. 
10,11.  General  conclusion  from   tiie   firdt 
and  second  proposition. 
12.  The  third  proposition: — "Men 
know  not  wliat  is  or  is  not  truly 
advintaiveous  to  them  :  because 
they  are  cither  ignorant  or  un- 
mindful of  that  which  must  come 
to  pass  after  they  are  dead." 


22. 


1-3. 

4. 

5,6. 

7-12. 

13-16. 


10-12. 


Part  VII.] 


ECCLESIASTES ;  OR,  THE  PREACHER. 


613 


:  Ps.  19.  5,  6. 
■  Heb.  pantcth. 


!  Job  38.  10.  Ps 
104.  8,  9. 


f  Heb.  return  to 
/Pr.  27.20. 


g  Ge.  3.  19. 


h  1  Ki.  3.  1-2,  13. 

&  4.  30.  &  10.  7, 

23. 

I  Heb.  seen  much, 
i  1  Thes.  5.  21. 


vanity  !  ^  What  profit  hath  a  man  of  all  his  labor  which  he  taketh 
under  the  sun  ?  "*  One  generation  passeth  away,  and  another  genera- 
tion cometh  ;  but  the  earth  abideth  for  ever.  ^  The  'sun  also  ariseth, 
and  the  sun  goeth  down,  and  *hasteth  to  his  place  where  he  arose. 

^  The  ''wind  goeth  toward  the  south,  and  turneth  about  unto  the 
north  ;  it  whirleth  about  continually,  and  the  wind  returneth  again 
according  to  his  circuits.  "  All  'the  rivers  run  into  the  sea ;  yet  the  sea 
is  not  full ;  unto  the  place  from  whence  the  rivers  come,  thither  they 
treturn  again.  ^  All  things  are  full  of  labor  ;  man  cannot  utter  it :  ^the 
eye  is  not  satisfied  with  seeing,  nor  the  ear  filled  with  hearing. 

"^  The  thing  that  hath  been,  it  is  that  which  shall  be  ;  and  that  which 
is  done  is  that  which  shall  be  done  :  and  there  is  no  new  thing  under 
the  sun.  '^  Is  there  any  thing  whereof  it  may  be  .said.  See,  this  is  new  ? 
it  hath  been  already  of  old  time,  which  was  before  us.  ^^  There  is  no 
remembrance  of  former  things  ;  neither  shall  there  be  any  remem- 
brance of  things  that  are  to  come  with  those  that  shall  come  after. 

^^  I  the  Preacher  was  king  over  Israel  in  Jerusalem.  ^-^  And  I  gave 
my  heart  to  seek  and  search  out  by  wisdom  concerning  all  things  that 
are  done  under  heaven — this  'sore  travail  hath  God  given  to  the  sons 
of  man  tto  be  exercised  therewith. 

^"^  I  have  seen  all  the  works  that  are  done  under  the  sun  ;  and,  behold, 
all  is  vanity  and  vexation  of  spirit !  ^^  That  which  is  crooked  cannot 
be  made  straight;  and  *that  which  is  wanting  cannot  be  numbered. 
^^  I  communed  with  mine  own  heart,  saying,  "Lo,  I  am  come  to  great 
estate,  and  have  gotten  ''more  wisdom  than  all  they  that  have  been 
before  me  in  Jerusalem:"  yea,  my  heart  had  tgreat  experience  of 
wisdom  and  knowledge.  ^''' And  *I  gave  my  heart  to  know  wisdom,  and 


Ch.  vii. 


9-12. 

13. 

14, 15. 

16-20. 
21,  22. 

23-25. 


26-29. 
Ch.  viii.  1-8. 


Ch.  ix.  15. 
Ch.  X.  6. 

7-9. 

10. 

11-15. 

16,  &c 

16. 


1st    proof.     Wrong   estimation  of 
things. 

A  digression  intended  (like  that 
in  ver.  1-9,)  to  prevent  any 
misconstruction  of  the  forego- 
ing observations,  and  contain- 
ing several  advices,  together 
with  a  strong  commendation 
of  him  wlio  gives  them,  in  or- 
der to  enforce  tlie  observation 
of  the  rules  laid  down  by  him. 

1st  advice.  Not  to  blame  Provi- 
dence. 

2d  advice.  Not  to  judge  of  Prov- 
idence. 

3d  advice.  To  submit  to  Provi- 
dence. 

4th  advice.  To  avoid  excess. 

5th  advice.  Not  to  mind  idle  re- 
ports. 

Commendation  of  the  forego- 
ing advices,  from  the  au- 
thor's application  to  examine 
every  thing,  and  especially 

1.  Wickedness  and  ignorance. 

2.  Wisdom. 

2d  proof  Anticipated  judgments. 

1.  That  sin  shall  not  go  unpun- 
ished, because  it  is  so  in  this 
world. 

2.  That  life  is  preferable  to 
death. 

1st  corollary.    Earthly  enjoy- 
ments are  not  criminal. 
2d   corollary.    A    proper    use 
must  be  made  of  our  faculties. 
3d  proof.  Judgments  that  are  seem- 
ingly right,  yet  truly  false. 
,  4th  proof.    Little  regard  paid  to 
wisdom. 

1.  Past  services  are  forgotten. 
VOL.   I. 


Ch.  X.       17.        2.  The  least  fault  is  taken  notice 
Ch.  xi.    1-4.  of 

5-19.       3.  Favor   gets    what    is    due   to 
merit. 
20.  A  caution, to  prevent  the  abuse 

of  the  foregoing  remarks. 

PRACTICAL    INFERENCES. 

Ch.  xi.  1-4.  1.  From  the  first  proposition:  We 
must  give  unto  earthly  goods 
that  stability  which  they  are 
capable  of. 
5,  6.  2.  From  the  first  and  second  prop- 
osition :  We  must,  in  our  con- 
duct, conform  to  the  design  of 
Providence  concerning  us, and 
leave  the  success  to  God. 

7-10.  3.  From    the    three    propositions, 
but  especially  from  the  third, 

xii.  1-8.      we    must   seek   for  happiness 
beyond  the  grave. 

9-12.  Connnendation  of  the  work, 
from  several  considerations. 
13,  14.  The  conclusion  of  the  whole: — 
That  there  must  be  a  state  of 
true  and  solid  happiness  for 
men  in  afuture  state.— In  other 
words,  the  fear  of  God,  and 
keeping  his  commandments,  is 
the  whole  of  man,  that  is,  his 
chief  good,  his  whole  interest, 
privilege. honor, and  happiness, 
as  well  as  duty  :  for,  after  this 
vain  life  is  past,  another  scene 
will  succeed,  and  men  shall  be 
judged  and  recompensed  ac- 
cording to  their  conduct, 
secret  as  well  as  open,  and 
whether  it  may  have  been 
good  or  evil. 
Vide  Home's  Crit.  Inlroduct.  vol.  ii.  p.  185,  &c. 
2  z 


614  ECCLESIASTES ;  OR,  THE  PREACHER.  [Period  V. 

to  know  madness  and  folly  :   I  perceived  that  this  also  is  vexation  of 

spirit.  ^"*For  in  much  wisdom  is  much  grief ;  and  he  that  increaseth 

knowledge  increaseth  sorrow. 
jLu.  12. 19.  1  I  igaid  in  my  heart,  "  Go  to  now,  I  will  prove  thee  with     Chap.  ii. 

fcis. 50. 11.  mirth,  tlierefore  enjoy  pleasure;  and,  behold,  ''this  also  is 

zpr.  14. 13.         vanity!  '-^ I  'said  of  laughter,   ''It   is   mad;"  and  of  mirth,   "What 

doethit?" 
XUeh.todraw  3  J  sought  ill  my  heart  Ito  give  mvself  unto  wine,  yet  acquainting 

viae.  my  heart  with  wisdom  ;  and  to  lay  hold  on  lolly,  till  1  might  see  what 

was  that  good  for  the  sons  of  men,  which  they  should  do  under  the 
t'Heh.  the  number  hcavcH  *all  the  days  of  their  life.  ''  I  made  me  great  works  ;  I  builded 

of  tJie  days  of  "^  ,  o  -' 

t/uiri,fe.  me  houses  ;  I  planted  me  vineyards  ;  ^  I  made  me  gardens  and  orchards, 

and  I  planted  trees  in  them  of  all  kind  of  fruits ;  *"  I  made  me  pools 

of  water,  to  water  therewith  the  wood  that  bringeth  forth  trees.  '  I  got 

^  Heb.  sous  of  my  nic  scrvants  and  maidens,  and  had  tservants  born  in  my  house;  also  I 

""* '  had  great  possessions  of  great  and  small  cattle  above  all  that  were  in 

"d.  WH^i*"    Jerusalem  before  me.  ^I  '"gathered  me  also  silver  and  gold,  and  the 

*^<=-  peculiar  treasure  of  kings  and  of  the  provinces  ;  I  gat  ine  men  sing- 

X  Heh.  musical      ers  and  women  singers,  and  the  delights  of  the  sons  of  men,  as  tmusical 

instrument  and       .  i      i  r      ii  q  oi       t  i  •  i 

iTistrumcnts.  instruments,  and  that  ot  all  sorts.  ^  bo  1  Was  great,  and  increased  more 
than  all  that  were  before  me  in  Jerusalem :  also  my  wisdom  remained 
with  me.  ^'^  And  whatsoever  mine  eyes  desired  I  kept  not  from  them, 
I  withheld  not  my  heart  from  any  joy  ;  for  my  heart  rejoiced  in  all  my 
labor  :  and  this  was  my  portion  of  all  my  labor.  ^^  Then  I  looked  on 
all  the  works  that  my  hands  had  wrought,  and  on  the  labor  that  I  had 
labored  to  do  ;  and,  behold,  all  was  vanity  and  ve.xation  of  spirit,  and 
there  was  no  profit  under  the  sun, 

^^  And  I  turned  myself  to  behold  wisdom,  and  madness,  and  folly  : 
*?■■''« "^"'f       (for  what  can  the  man  dothatcometh  after  the  king?  *even  that  which 

thin  trs  which  V  .     " 

har,e  been  already  hath  bccu  already  done.)  ^-^Then  I  saw  tthat  wisdom  excelleth  folly, 
\  Heh.  that  there  ^^  ^^^  ^'^  light  cxcelleth  darkncss.  '"*  The  "wise  man's  eyes  are  in  his 
tiZi^dom^imre  l^^ad  ;  but  tlic  fool  walkctii  in  darkness :  and  I  myself  perceived  also 
thaninfoUij,^c.  that  "oiic  cvcut  liappeiieth  to  them  all. 

"p3  «  ^0  ^^  Then  said  I  in  my  heart,  "  As  it  happeneth  to  the  fool,  so  it  hap- 

t neb. to mc, even  pcueth  tcveu  to  mc  ;  and  why  was  I  then  more  wise?"  Then  I  said 
'"  """•  in  my  heart,  that  this  also  is  vanity.  ^^  For  there  is  no  remembrance  of 

the  wise  more  than  of  the  fool  for  ever  ;  seeing  that  which  now  is  in 
the  days  to  come  shall  all  be  forgotten.  And  how  dieth  the  wise  man  ? 
— as  the  fool.  ^^  Therefore  I  hated  life ;  because  the  work  that  is  wrought 
under  the  sun  is  grievous  unto  me  :   for  all  is  vanity  and  vexation  of 

*  Heb.  labored,     spirit !   ^*^  Yca,  I  hatod  all  my  labor  which  I  had  *taken  under  the  sun  : 
P Ps.  49. 10.        because  'I  should  leave  it  unto  the  man  that  shall  be  after  me.  ^^  And 

who  knoweth  whether  he  shall  be  a  wise  man  or  a  fool  ?  yet  shall  he 
have  rule  overall  my  labor  wherein  1  have  labored,  and  wherein  I  have 
showed  myself  wise  under  the  sun. — This  is  also  vanity. 

'-"  Tlierefore  I  went  about  to  cause  my  heart  to  despair  of  all  the  labor 
wh  c!i  I  took  under  the  sun.  -'  For  there  is  a  man  whose  labor  is  in 
wisdom,  and  in  knowledge,  and  in  equity  ;  yet  to  a  man  that  hath  not 

\  neb.  give.  labored  therein  shall  he  tleave  it  for  his  portion. — This  also  is  vanity 
anil  a  great  evil.  ^~  For  what  hath  man  of  all  his  labor,  and  of  the 
vexation  of  his  heart,  wherein  he  hath  labored  under  the  sun  ?  ^"^  For  all 

q}ob  5. 7.  &.  14.  jjjj,  jj^yg  '/jj^p  sorrows,  and  his  travail  grief ;  yca,  his  heart  taketh  not 
rest  in  the  night. — This  is  also  vanity.  ~*  There  is  notliing  better  for  a 

^o'sf ''''''^'" ''"  iTian,  than  that  he  should  eat  and  drink,  and  that  he  tshould  make  his 
soul  enjoy  good  in  his  labor.     This   also   I   saw,  that  it  was  from  the 

♦  Hri,.  v/»<ta,,«.  hand  of  God.  '-^^  For  who  can  eat,  or  who  else  can  hasten  hereunto, 
Ge.7. 1.  Lu.  1.   more  than  I?  -°  For  God  giveth   to  a  man  that  is  good  *  in  his  sight 


Part  VII. 


ECCLESIASTES ;  OR,  THE  PREACHER. 


615 


r  Job  27.  16, 17. 
Pr.  28.  8. 


■f  Heb.  to  bear. 
s  He.  9.  27. 


J  Heb.  to  he  far 
from.  Joel  2.  10. 
1  Co.  7.  5. 

*  Or,  seek. 


t  Am.  5.  13. 
u  Lu.  14.  26. 


V  Job  11.  7.  Eg. 
11.33. 


f  Heb.  driven 
away. 


X  Ro.  2.  6-8. 
2  Co.  5.  10. 
2Thes.  1.  6,  7. 

X  Or,  that  they 
might  char  God. 
and  see,  ^'c. 

y  Ps.  49.  12,  20. 


*  Heb.  of  the  son 
of  man.  ch.  12. 


t  Heb.  is  ascend- 
ing. 


t  Heb.  hand. 

a  Job  3.  17,  &c. 

6  Job  3.  11,  16, 
21. 

*  Heb.  all  the 
rightncss  of 
work. 

f  Heb.  this  is  the 
envy  of  a  man 
from  his  neigh- 
bour. See  Ge.  26 
14. 

c  Pr.  6.  10.  &  24. 
33. 


wisdom,  and  knowledge,  and  joy  ;  but  to  the  sinner  he  giveth  travail, 
to  gather  and  to  heap  up,  'that  he  may  give  to  him  that  is  good  before 
God. — This  also  is  vanity  and  vexation  of  spirit. 

i  To  every  thing  there  is  a  season,  and  a  time  to  every  Chap.  iii. 
purpose  under  the  heaven  : — 

-  A  time  tto  be  born, — and  'a  time  to  die  ; 

A  time  to  plant, — and  a  time  to  pluck  up  that  which  is  planted  ; 

3  A  time  to  kill, — and  a  time  to  heal ; 

A  time  to  break  down, — and  a  time  to  build  up  ; 

4  A  time  to  weep, — and  a  time  to  laugh  ; 
A  time  to  mourn, — and  a  time  to  dance  ; 

'  A  time  to  cast  away  stones, — and  a  time  to  gather  stones  together ; 

A  time  to  embrace, — and  a  time  tto  refrain  from  embracing ; 
6  A  time  to  *get, — and  a  time  to  lose  ; 

A  time  to  keep, — and  a  time  to  cast  away  ; 
■^  A  time  to  rend, — and  a  time  to  sew  ; 

A  'time  to  keep  silence, — and  a  time  to  speak  ; 
8  A  time  to  love, — and  a  time  "to  hate  ; 

A  time  of  war, — and  a  time  of  peace. 

3  What  profit  hath  he  that  worketh  in  that  wherein  he  laboreth  ? 
i«  I  have  seen  the  travail,  which  God  hath  given  to  the  sons  of  men  to 
be  exercised  in  it.  ^^  He  hath  made  every  thing  beautiful  in  his  time: 
also  he  hath  set  the  world  in  tiieir  heart,  so  that  "no  man  can  find  out 
the  work  that  God  maketh  from  the  beginning  to  the  end.  ^~l  know 
that  there  is  no  good  in  them,  but  for  a  man  to  rejoice,  and  to  do  good 
in  his  life.  ^^  And  also  that  every  man  should  eat  and  drink,  and  en- 
joy the  good  of  all  his  labor— it  is  the  gift  of  God.  ^^  I  know  that 
whatsoever  God  doeth,  it  shall  be  for  ever  :  "nothing  can  be  put  to  it, 
nor  any  thing  taken  from  it :  and  God  doeth  it,  that  men  should  fear 
before  him.  ^^  That  which  hath  been  is  now  ;  and  that  which  is  to  be 
hath  already  been  ;   and  God  requireth  that  which  is  fpast. 

16  And  moreover  I  saw  under  the  sun  the  place  of  judgment,  that 
wickedness  was  there  ;  and  the  place  of  righteousness,  that  iniquity  was 
there.  ^^  I  said  in  my  heart,  "  God  ""shall  judge  the  righteous  and  the 
wicked  ;  for  there  is  a  time  there  for  every  purpose  and  for  every  work." 

18  I  said  in  my  heart  concerning  the  estate  of  the  sons  of  men,  Ithat 
God  might  manifest  them,  and  that  they  might  see  that  they  themselves 
are  beasts.  ^'^  For  ^that  which  befalleth  the  sons  of  men  befalleth  beasts  ; 
even  one  thing  befalleth  them  :  as  the  one  dieth,  so  dieth  the  other:  yea, 
they  have  all  one  breath  ;  so  that  a  man  hath  no  preeminence  above  a 
beast :  for  all  is  vanity  1  -'^  All  go  unto  one  place  ;  'all  are  of  the  dust, 
and  all  turn  to  dust  again.  ~^  Who  knoweth  the  spirit  *of  man  that  tgoeth 
upward,  and  the  spirit  of  the  beast  that  goeth  downward  to  the  earth  ? 
22  Wherefore  I  perceived  that  there  is  nothing  better  than  that  a  man 
should  rejoice  in  his  own  works  ;  for  that  is  his  portion  :  for  who  shall 
bring  him  to  see  what  shall  be  after  him  ? 

1  So  I  returned,  and  considered  all  the  oppressions  that  are  Chap.  iv. 
done  under  the  sun :  and  behold  the  tears  of  such  as  were 
oppressed,  and  they  had  no  comforter  ;  and  on  the  Iside  of  their  op- 
pressors there  was  power  ;  but  they  had  no  comforter.  ^  Wherefore  "I 
praised  the  dead  which  are  already  dead  more  than  the  living  which 
are  yet  alive.  ^  Yea,  ^DCtter  is  he  than  both  they  which  hath  not  yet 
been,  who  hath  not  seen  the  evil  work  that  is  done  under  the  sun. 

"*  Again,  I  considered  all  travail,  and  *every  right  work,  that  tfor  this 
a  man  is  envied  of  his  neighbour.— This  is  also  vanity  and  ve.\ation  of 
spirit.  5 The  Tool  foldeth  his  hands  together,  and  eateth  his  own  flesh. 


616  ECCLESIASTES ;  OR,  THE  PREACHER.  [Period  V. 

\l'.'8.^'^^'^''^  "^Better  ''is  a  handful  with  quietness,  than  both  the  hands  full  with 
travail  and  vexation  of  spirit. 

"  Then  I  returned,  and  I  saw  vanity  under  the  sun.  ^  There  is  one 
alone,  and  there  is  not  a  second  ;  yea,  he  hath  neither  child  nor  brother: 

"I'm^'  ~°'  ^ "'°'  y^^  ^^  there  no  end  of  all  his  labor  ;  neither  is  his  'eye  satisfied  with 
riches  ;  neither  saith  he,  For  whom  do  I  labor,  and  bereave  my  soul 
of  good  ?  This  is  also  vanity,  yea,  it  is  a  sore  travail.  ^  Two  are  better 
than  one  ;  because  they  have  a  good  reward  for  their  labor.  ^°  For  if 
they  fall,  the  one  will  lift  up  his  fellow  :  but  woe  to  him  that  is  alone 
when  he  falleth  ;  for  he  hath  not  another  to  help  him  up.  ^^  Again,  if 
two  lie  together,  then  they  have  heat ;  but  how  can  one  be  warm  alone  ? 
^-  And  if  one  prevail  against  him,  two  shall  withstand  him  ;  and  a  three- 
fold cord  is  not  quickly  broken.   ^^  Better  is  a  poor  and   a   wise  child 

XHeh.whoknoweiJi.  than  an  old  and  foolish  king,  twho  will  no  more  be  admonished,  ^^f'or 

not  to  be  adnon-  r        •  i  i  ■ 

ished.  out  oi  prison  he  cometh  to  reign  ;  whereas  also  he  that  is  born  in  his 

kingdom  becometh  poor.  ^^  I  considered  all  the  living  which  walk  under 
the  sun,  with  the  second  child  that  shall  stand  up  in  his  stead.  ^'^  There 
is  no  end  of  all  the  people,  even  of  all  that  liave  been  before  them  : 
they  also  that  come  after  shall  not  rejoice  in  him.  Surely  this  also  is 
vanity  and  vexation  of  spirit. 

■'^KL^ai  &cf'         ^  Keep  -^thy  foot  when  thou  goest  to  the  house  of  God,  and      Chap.  v. 

g  1  sa.  15.  a-a.      be  more  ready  to  hear,  "than  to  give  the  sacrifice  of  fools  ;  for  ~    " 

they  consider  not  that  they  do  evil.  ^  Be  not  rash  with  thy  mouth,  and  let  not 
thy  heart  be  hasty  to  utter  any  *thing  before  God  :  for  God  is  in  heaven, 

h  Pr.  10. 19.  Mat.  ^"'^  ^'^°"  upon  earth  ;  therefore  let  thy  words  ''be  few.  ^  For  a  dream 

^-  ''■  cometh  tinough  the  multitude  of  business  ;  and  'a  fool's  voice  is  known 

by  multitude  of  words.  '*  When  'thou  vowest  a  vow  unto  God,  defer 

not  to  pay  it ;  for  he  hath  no  pleasure  in  fools  :   pay  that  which  thou 

's^'i^^'^^"^"'  ^^^^^  vowed.  ^Better  *is  it  that  thou  shouldest  not  vow,  than  that  thou 
shouldest  vow  and  not  pay.  ^  Suffer  not  thy  mouth  to   cause  thy  flesh 

1 1  Co.  u.  10.  to  sin  ;  'neither  say  thou  before  the  Angel,  that  it  was  an  error :  where- 
fore should  God  be  angry  at  thy  voice,  and  destroy  the  work  of  thy 
hands  ?  ^  For  in  the  multitude  of  dreams  and  many  words  there  are 
also  divers  vanities  ;  but  fear  thou  God. 

^If  thou  seest  the  oppression  of  the  poor,  and  violent  perverting  of 

V"roosr"'°''  judgment  and  justice  in  a  province,  marvel  not  at  thetmatter:  '"for 
He  that  is  higher  than  the  highest  regardeth  ;  and  there  be  higher  than 
they.  ^  Moreover  the  profit  of  the  earth  is  for  all :  the  king  himself  is 
served  by  the  field. 

^^  He  that  loveth  silver  shall  not  be  satisfied  with  silver ;  nor  he  that 
loveth  abundance  with  increase : — this  is  also  vanity.  ^^  When  goods 
increase,  they  are  increased  that  eat  them ;  and  what  good  is  there 
to  the  owners  thereof,  saving  the  beholding  of  them  with  their  eyes  ? 
^-  The  sleep  of  a  laboring  man  is  sweet,  whether  he  eat  little  or  much  ; 
but  the  abundance  of  the  rich  will  not  sufier  him  to  sleep. 

Section  II. —  The  Second  Proposition. 

Chap.  v.  13,  to  the  end,  and  vi.  1-1]. 

Joy  in  riches  is  the  gift  of  God.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  The  vanity  of  riches  without  use.  3  Of  children,  6 
and  old  age  without  riches.  9  The  inanity  of  sight  and  meandering  desires.  11  The  conclusion  of 
vanities. 

^^  There  is  a  sore  evil  which  I  have  seen  under  the  sun,  namely, 
riches  kept  for  the  owners  thereof  to  their  hurt.  ^"^  But  those  riches 
perish  by  evil  travail  ;  and  he  begetteth  a  son,  and  there  is  nothing  in 
his  hand.  '^  As  "he  came  forth  of  his  mother's  w^omb,  naked  shall  he 
return  to  go  as  he  came,  and  shall  take  nothing  of  his  labor,  which 
he  may  carry  away  in  his  hand.  ''''  And  this  also  is  a  sore  evil,  that  in 
all  points  as  he  came,  so  shall  he  go  ;    and   what  profit  hath  he  'that 


Ps.  50.  8.  Pr.  15. 
8.  &  21.  27.  Ho. 
6.6. 

*  Or,  word. 


i  Pr.  10.  19. 
jNu.  30.2.  Ps. 
50.  14. 


m  Ps.  12.  5.  & 

58.  11.  &  82.  1 


p^^T  VTI.]  ECCLESIASTES;  OR,  THE  PREACHER.  617 

hath  labored  for  the  wind  ?  ''  All  his  days  also  he  eateth  in  darkness, 
and  he  hath  much  sorrow  and  wrath  with  his  sickness. 
*Heb.the,eisa  18  gehold  that  which  I  havo  sccn  :  *it  is  good  and  comely  for  one 
frStc.'^Ti.  to  eat  and  to  drink,  and  to  enjoy  the  good  of  all  his  labor  that  he  taketh 
'■  V-  .  .  under  the  sun  fall  the  days  of  his  life,  which  God  giveth  him  ;  for  it  is 
'Stl'Sr''''^Z,Zn.  ^^  Every  man  also  to  whom  God  hath  given  riches  and 
wealth,  and  hath  given  him  power  to  eat  thereof  and  to  take  his  por- 
t  or,  ■n.u.k  ke  tio„  and  to  rejoice  in  his  labor  ;  this  is  the  gift  of  God  iFor  he  shall 
f^r/r/.;;;"^.-  not  much  remember  the  days  of  his  life  ;  because  God  answereth  him 


cth,  S{c 


in  the  joy  of  his  heart.  i     Ph 

1  There  is  an  evil  which  I  have  seen  under  the  sun,  and     ^h_^^ 
it  is  common  among  men  :— ^^  A  man  to  whom  God  hath 
given  riches,  wealth,  and  honor,  ^so  that  he  wanteth  nothing  for  his  soul 
oi  all  that  he  desireth,  "yet  God  giveth  him  not  power  to  eat  thereof, 
but  a  stranger  eateth  it  :-this  is  vanity,  and  it  is  an  evil  disease.     If  a 
man  beget  an  hundred  children,  and  hve  many  years   so  that  the  days 
.K.  0.35.1.    of  his  fears  be  many,  and  his  soul  be  not  fil  ed  with  gW,  and    also 
' '  '^-  ''■  ""■     that  he  have  no  burial ;  I  say,  that  ■'"an  untimely  birth  is  better  than  he. 
F-      4  For  he  cometh  in  with  vanity,  and  departeth   in  darkness,  and  his 
name  shall  be  covered  with  darkness.  ^  Moreover  he  hath  not  seen  the 
sun,  nor  known  any  thing  :  this  hath  more  rest  thaii  the  other.     Yea, 
though  he  live  a  thousand  years  twice  told,  yet  hath  he  seen  no  good : 
— do  not  all  go  to  one  place  ?  ,*.-.•* 

7  All  ='the  labor  of  man  is  for  his  mouth,  and  yet  the  'appetite  is  not 
Heb.  soru.         ^||g j    8  Yov  what  hath  the  wise  more  than  the  fool  ?  what  hath  the  poor, 
that  knoweth  to  walk  before  the  living?  ^Better  is  the  sight  of  the 
t  Heb.  .amn,     gyes  than  the  twandering  of  the  desire  :— this  is  also  vanity  and  vexation 


14 

22.  19: 
/Job  3.  16 

58.  8. 


g  Pr.  16.  26. 


f  the  soul. 


of  spirit. 


10  That  which  hath  been  is  named  already,  and  it  is  known  that  it  is 
^  See  Job  9. 32.    man;  ^neither  may  he   contend  with  him   that  is  mightier  than  he. 
11  Seeing  there  be  many  things  that  increase  vanity,  what  is  man  the 

better  ? 

SECT.  III.  Section   III.— TAc  Third  Proposition. 

folly:    16  0/  riot,    18  slothfidness,    ID  a,id  money.     20  Men's   thoughts   oj  Ungs  ongUt   to  oe 


vererit. 


*  Keb.thcnumber  12  Yon  who  kuowcth  what  is  good  for  man  in  this  life,  *all  the  days 
r»f;nlS  of  his  vain  life,  which  he  spendeth  as  "a  shadow?  for  ^who  can  tell  a 
a?..w2. 11.  Ja.  ^^^^  ^^,j^^^  ^j^^jj  ^^g  ^j-jg^  ^^^^  yn^er  the  sun  ? 

6PS.39.6.  1  A  "^o-ood  name  is  better  than  precious  ointment;  Chap.  vu. 

cTr.1,. 30. &  ^^^^  ^,^^         ^^  ^g^^,^  ^,^^^  tj^g  day  of  one's  birth. 

2  It  is  better  to  go  to  the  house  of  mourning,  than  to  go  to  the 
For  that  is  the  end  of  all  men  ;  [house  of  feasting  : 

And  the  living  will  lay  it  to  his  heart. 
^  Or,  Anger.         3  fgorrow  is  better  than  laun;hter  ;  j    u  .* 

d2  Co.  7. 10.  For  -^by  the  sadness  of  the  countenance  the  heart  is  made  better. 

4  The  heart  of  the  wise  is  in  the  house  of  mourning  ; 
But  the  heart  of  fools  is  in  the  house  of  mirth. 
e  See  Ps.  141.5.  5  It  '\g  better  to  hear  the  rebuke  of  the  wise, 

Than  for  a  man  to  hear  the  song  of  fools. 
For  as  the  tcracklinij  of  thorns  under  a  pot. 
So  is  the  laughter  of  the  fool :— this  also  is  vanity. 

7  Surely  oppression  maketh  a  wise  man  mad ;  ^ 

78  "^^ 


Pr.  13.  18.  &  15. 
31,32. 
t  Heb.  sound. 


618 


ECCLESIASTES ;  OR.  THE  PREACHER. 


[Period  V. 


/Ex.  23.  8. 


g  Pr.  14.  29. 


h  Pr.  14.  17.  & 
16.  32.  Ja.  1. 19. 


*  Heb.  ovl  of  wis- 
dom. 

f  Or,  as  good  as 
an  inheritance, 
yea,  better  too. 

%  Heb.  shadow. 


i  See  Job  12.  14. 
Is.  14.  27. 
j  De.  28.  47. 


k  Pr.  25.  IC. 

I  Eccl.  3.  21,  22. 

Ho.  12.  3. 
t  Heb.  be  desolate, 
m  Job  ]5.  32.  Ps. 

55.  23.  Pr.  10. 

27. 
J  Heb.  not  in  thy 

time, 
n  Pr.  21.  22.  &. 

24.5. 
0  1  Ki.  8.  4fi. 

2  Ch.  6.  36. 

Pr.  20.  9.  Ro.  3. 

23.  1  Jo.  1.  8. 

*  Heb.  ffive  not 
tliy  heart. 

pHo.i.  22. 

o  Job  28. 12,20. 

1  Ti.  6.  16. 
rRo.  11.33. 
t  Heb.  I  and  my 

heart  compassed. 
s  Pr.  5.  3,  4.  &; 

22.  14. 

J  Heb.  he  that  is 
good  before  Ood. 

*  Or,  weighing 
one  tiling  after 
another,  to  find 
out  tlie  reason. 

t  Job  33.  23.  Ps. 

12.  1. 
uGe.  1.  27. 
ti  Ge.  3.  6,  7. 


w  Pr.  4.  8,  9.  & 

17.  24.  See  Ac. 

6.  15. 
t  Heb.  strength. 

De.  28.  50. 
X  I  Ch.  29.  24. 

Ez.  17.  18.  Ro. 

13.5. 
V  Job  34.  18. 


J  Heb.  ktww. 


And  -^a  gift  destroyeth  the  heart. 

^  Better  is  the  end  of  a  thing  than  the  beginning  thereof: 

And  ^the  patient  in  spirit  is  better  than  the  proud  in  spirit. 
^  Be  ''not  hasty  in  thy  spirit  to  be  angry  ; 

For  anger  resteth  in  the  bosom  of  fools. 

^°  Say  not  thou.  What  is  the  cause   that  the  former  days  were 
better  than  these  ? 

For  thou  dost  not  inquire  *wisely  concerning  this. 
^^  Wisdom  lis  good  with  an  inheritance  ; 

And  by  it  there  is  profit  to  them  that  see  the  sun. 
^'^  For  wi.sdoni  is  a  tdefence,  and  money  is  a  defence ; 

But  the  excellency  of  knowledge  is, 

That  wisdom  giveth  life  to  them  that  have  it. 
'^  Consider  the  work  of  God  ; 

For  Hvho  can  make  that  straight,  which  he  hath  made  crooked  ? 
^'^  In  ^the  day  of  prosperity  be  joyful, 

But  in  the  day  of  adversity  consider  : 

God  also  hath  *set  the  one  over  against  the  other, 

To  the  end  that  man  should  find  nothing  after  him. 

^^  All  things  have  I  seen  in  the  days  of  my  vanity  ;  there  is  a  just  man 
that  perisheth  in  his  righteousness,  and  there  is  a  wicked  man  that  pro- 
longeth  his  life  in  his  wickedness.  ^"^  Be  *not  righteous  over  much  ; 
'neither  make  thyself  over  wise  : — why  shouldest  thou  tdestroy  thyself? 
^''Be  not  over  much  wicked,  neither  be  thou  foolish  : — why  "shouldest 
thou  die  Ibefore  thy  time  ?  ^^It  is  good  that  thou  shouldest  take  hold 
of  this  ;  yea,  also  from  this  withdraw  not  thy  hand  ;  for  he  that  feareth 
God  shall  come  forth  of  them  all, 

^^  Wisdom  "strengtheneth  the  wise  more  than  ten  mighty  men  whicli 
are  in  the  city.  ^^  For  "there  is  not  a  just  man  upon  earth  that  doeth 
good,  and  sinneth  not. 

^^  Also  *take  no  heed  unto  all  words  that  are  spoken  ;  lest  thou  hear 
thy  servant  curse  thee :  ^'^  for  oftentimes  also  thine  own  heart  knoweth 
that  thou  thyself  likewise  hast  cursed  others.  -^  xVll  this  have  I  proved 
by  wisdom  :  ^I  said,  I  will  bo  wise;  but  it  was  far  from  me.  -^ That 
'which  is  far  off,  and  'exceeding  deep — who  can  find  it  out  ? 

^^tl  applied  my  heart  to  know,  and  to  search,  and  to  seek  out  wis- 
dom, and  the  reason  of  things,  and  to  know  the  wickedness  of  folly, 
even  of  foolishness  and  madness  :  ^^and  ^I  find  more  bitter  than  death 
the  woman,  whose  heart  is  snares  and  nets,  and  her  hands  as  bands : 
twhoso  pleaseth  God  shall  escape  from  her ;  but  the  sinner  shall  be 
taken  by  her.  -"  Behold,  this  have  I  found,  saith  the  Preacher,  *counting 
one  by  one,  to  find  out  the  account :  ^^  which  yet  my  soul  seeketh,  but 
I  find  not :  'one  man  among  a  thousand  have  I  found  ;  but  a  woman 
among  all  tho.se  have  I  not  found.  ^^Lo,  this  only  have  1  found,  "that 
God  hath  made  man  upright;  but  "they  haxe  sought  out  many  in- 
ventions, 

^  Who  is  as  the  wise  man  ?  and  who  knoweth  the  inter-  Chap.  viii. 
pretation  of  a  thing?   '"A  man's  wisdom  niaketh  his  face  to 
shine,  and  the  fboldncss  of  his  face  shall  be  changed. 

-  I  counsel  thee  to  keep  the  king's  commandment,  "'and  that  in  re- 
gard of  the  oath  of  God.  ^  Be  not  hasty  to  go  out  of  his  sight :  stand 
not  in  an  evil  thing ;  for  he  doeth  Avhatsoever  pleaseth  him.  "*  Where 
the  word  of  a  king  is,  there  is  power:  and  ''who  may  say  unto  him, 
What  doest  thou? 

^  Whoso  keepeth  the  commandment  shall  tfeel  no  evil  thing  ;  and  a 
wise  man's  heart  discerneth  botli  time  and  judgment.  *^  Because  to  every 
purpose  there  is  time  and  judgment,  therefore  the  misery  of  man  is 


p^^T  VII.]  ECCLESIASTES;  OR,  THE  PREACHER.  619 

.pr.24.22.         great  upon  him.  ^  For  "he  knoweth  not  that  which  shall  be  ;  for  who 

Or,  how  it  shall   can  tell  him  *when  it  shall  be  ? 


leii  aim     wui^n  n  ijuc^i  -^^  •  ...  .       , 

-  There  "is  no  man  that  hath  power  'over  the  spnit  to  retam  the 
spirit  •  neither  hath  he  power  in  the  day  of  death  :  and  there  is  no 


be? 


6  Job  14.  5.  SI 


spun;     UeiUltl    nam     Mv.   i^w"-.     " J     --     - 

tor,ca.(»,.o#    tdischaroe  in  that  war  ;  neither  shall  wickedness  deliver  those  that 


loeapons. 


cPs.  10.  G.  Is.  23. 
10. 


2.5 
eP3.37.  II, 
19.  P 

Is.  3       , 
Mat.  25.  34,  41 


/P8.  73.  14. 


are  mven  to  it.  i     i       • 

9  All  this  have  I  seen,  and  applied  my  heart  unto  every  work  that  is 
done  under  the  sun  ;  there  is  a  time  wherein  one  man  ruleth  over 
another  to  his  own  hurt,  i"  And  so  I  saw  the  wicked  buried,  who  had 
come  and  gone  from  the  place  of  the  holy,  and  they  were  forgotten  in 
the  city  where  they  had  so  done : — this  is  also  vanity. 

11  Because  'sentence  against  an  evil  work  is  not  executed  speedily, 

therefore  the  heart  of  the  sons  of  men  is  fully  set  in  them  to  do  evil. 

di9.65.2o.Ro.    12  Thouc^h ''a  sinner  do  evil  an  hundred  times,  and  his  days  be  pro- 

"  %7  1.  18     lon-ed,  yet  surely  I  know  that  ^it  shall  be  well  with  them  that  fear 

ir."i.3a,33.  Qq5   ^i^ich  fear  before  him  :   i=^  but  it  shall  not  be  well  with  the  wick- 

■ '"'  "■       ed,  neither  shall  he  prolong  his  days,  which  are  as  a  shadow  ;  because 

he  feareth  not  before  God.  ,        ,         ,         u 

14  There  is  a  vanity  which  is  done  upon  the  earth  ;  that  there  be 
iust  men,  unto  whom  it  ^happeneth  according  to  the  work  of  the  wick- 
ed •  ao-ain,  there  be  wicked  men,  to  whom  it  happeneth  according  to 
the'  wSrk  of  the  righteous  :— I  said  that  this  also  is  vanity,  i^  Then  I 
commended  mirth,  because  a  man  hath  no  better  thing  under  the  sun, 
than  to  eat,  and  to  drink,  and  to  be  merry  ;  for  that  shall  abide  with 
him  of  his  labor  the  days  of  his  hfe,  which  God  giveth  him  under 

the  sun. 

16  When  I  applied  my  heart  to  know  wisdom,  and  to  see  the  busi- 
ness that  is  done  upon  the  earth  ;   (for  also  there  is  that  neither  day 
nor  night  seeth  sleep  with  his  eyes  ;)   i^hen  I  beheld  all  the  work  of 
g  Job  5. 9.  Ro.     God   that  ^a  man  cannot  find  out  the  work  that  is  done  under  the  sun  : 
''•''•  because  though  a  man  labor  to  seek  it  out,  yet  he  shall  not  find  it ; 

ftPs.73. 16.         yea,  farther  ;  though  a  wise  man  tliink  to  know  it,  "yet  shall  he  not  be 

able  to  find  it. 
t  Heb.  igave,or,       1  For  all  this  tl  considcrcd  in  my  heart  even  to  declare  all     Chap.  ix. 
set  to  my  heart.    ^^^.^^  ^j^^^  ^j^^  fightcous,  and  the  wisc,  and  their  works,  are  in 

the  hand  of  God :  no  man  knoweth  either  love  or  hatred  by  all  that  is 
£job2i.7,  &c.  before  them.  ^  AH  things  come  alike  to  all :  there  is  one  event  to  the 
ll.ilV' ''-  righteous,  and  to  the  wicked  ;  to  the  good,  and  to  tlie  clean,  and  to  the 
unclean  ;  to  him  that  sacrificeth,  and  to  him  that  sacrificeth  not ;  as 
is  the  o-ood,  so  is  the  sinner  ;  and  he  that  sweareth,  as  he  that  feareth  an 
oath  ^This  is  an  evil  among  all  things  that  are  done  under  the  sun,  that 
there  is  one  event  unto  all :  yea,  also  the  heart  of  the  sons  of  men  is 
full  of  evil,  and  madness  is  in  their  heart  while  they  live,  and  after  that 
they  o-o  to' the  dead.  ^  For  to  him  that  is  joined  to  all  the  living  there 
is  hope  •  for  a  living  dog  is  better  than  a  dead  lion.  ^  For  the  living 
know  that  they  shall  die  ;  ^but  the  dead  know  not  any  thing,  neither 
have  thev  any  more  a  reward  ;  ''for  the  memory  of  them  is  forgotten. 
6  Also  their  love,  and  their  hatred,  and  their  envy,  is  now  perished  ; 
neither  have  they  any  more  a  portion  for  ever  in  any  thing  that  is  done 

under  the  sun.  ,    .  .   ,     ,         •  -.i 

7  Go  thy  way,  eat  thy  bread  with  joy,  and  drink  thy  wine  with  a 
merry  heart ;  for  God  now  accepteth  thy  works.  '  Let  thy  garments 
be  always  white  ;  and  let  thy  head  lack  no  ointment.  ^  *Live  joyfully 
with  the  wife  whom  thou  lovest  all  the  days  of  the  life  of  thy  vanity, 
which  he  hath  given  thee  under  the  sun,  all  the  days  of  thy  vanity, 
for  that  is  thy  portion  in  this  life,  and  in  thy  labor  which  thou  takest 
under  the  sun.  i**  Whatsoever  thy  hand  findeth  to  do,  do  it  with  thy 


j  See  Job  14.  21. 

6 


ft  Job  7.  8-10. 
is.  26.  14. 


*  Heb.  See, 
Enjoy  life. 


620 


ECCLESIASTES ;  OR,  THE  PREACHER. 


[Period  V. 


m  Pr.  29.  6.  Lu. 
12.  20,  39.  i  17. 
26,  ice. 
5.3. 


Thes. 


p  Mark  6.  2,  3. 


5  Jos.  7.  1,11,  12. 
t  Heb.  Flies  of 


X  Heb.  Iieart. 
r  Pr.  13.  16.  &. 

18.  2. 
s  1  Sa.  25. 24,  &c. 

Pr.  25.  15. 

*Heh.fr(m  be- 
fore. 

f  Heb.  heights. 
Est.  3.  1. 

t  Pr.  19.  10. 
&  30.  22. 


u  Ps.  7.  15.  Pr. 

26.  27. 


V  Ps.  58.  4,  5. 

Je.  8.  17. 
J  Heb.  Vie  master 

of  the  tongue, 
ic  Pr.  10.  32.  & 

12.  13. 
*  Heb.  grace. 
X  Pr.  10.  14.  ic 

18.7. 
f  Heb.  mouth. 
t  Heb.  muUiplieth 

words.  Pr.  15.  2. 


y  Is.  3.  4,  5,  12. 
&5.  11. 


might ;  for  there  is  no  work,  nor  device,  nor  knowledge,  nor  wisdom, 
in  the  grave,  whither  thou  goest. 

^^  I  returned,  'and  saw  under  the  sun,  that  the  race  is  not  to  the 
swift,  nor  tlie  battle  to  the  strong,  neither  yet  bread  to  the  w-ise,  nor 
yet  riches  to  men  of  understanding,  nor  yet  favor  to  men  of  skill ;  but 
time  and  chance  happeneth  to  them  all.  ^-  For  man  also  knoweth  not 
his  time  :  as  the  fishes  that  are  taken  in  an  evil  net,  and  as  the  birds 
that  are  caught  in  the  snare  ;  so  are  the  sons  of  men  '"snared  in  an 
evil  time,  when  it  falleth  suddenly  upon  them. 

^■^  This  wisdom  have  I  seen  also  under  the  sun,  and  it  seemed  great 
unto  mc  : — ^^  There  "was  a  little  city,  and  few  men  within  it ;  and 
there  came  a  great  king  against  it,  and  besieged  it,  and  built  great 
bulwarks  against  it.  ^^  Now  there  was  found  in  it  a  poor  wise  man, 
and  he  by  his  wisdom  delivered  the  city  ;  yet  no  man  remembered  that 
same  poor  man.  ^^  Then  "said  I,  "  Wisdom  is  better  than  strength  ; " 
nevertheless  'the  poor  man's  wisdom  is  despised,  and  his  words  are 
not  heard. 

^'  The  words  of  wise  men  are  heard  in  quiet 
More  than  the  cry  of  him  that  ruleth  among  fools. 
^^  Wisdom  is  better  than  weapons  of  war ; 
But  'one  sinner  destroyeth  much  good. 

^  tDead  flies  cause  the  ointment  of  the  apothecary  to      Chap.  x. 
send  forth  a  stinking  savor  : 
So  doth  a  little  folly  him  that  is  in  reputation  for  wisdom  and  honor. 

^  A  wise  man's  heart  is  at  his  right  hand  ; 
But  a  fool's  heart  is  at  his  left. 

^  Yea  also,  w'hen  he  that  is  a  fool  walketh  by  the  way. 
His  Iwisdom  faileth  him,  ^and  he  saith  to  every  one  that  he  is  a  fool. 
^  If  the  spirit  of  the  ruler  rise  up  against  thee,  leave  not  thy  place  ; 
For  'yielding  pacifieth  great  offences. 
^  There  is  an  evil  which  I  have  seen  under  the  sun. 

As  an  error  which  proceedeth  *from  the  ruler : 
^  Folly  is  set  in  great  idignity. 
And  the  rich  sit  in  low  place. 
"^  I  have  seen  servants  'upon  horses, 
And  princes  walking  as  servants  upon  the  earth. 

^  He  "that  diggeth  a  pit  shall  fall  into  it ; 
And  whoso  breaketh  a  hedge,  a  serpent  shall  bite  him. 

^  Whoso  removeth  stones  shall  be  hurt  therewith  ; 
And  he  that  cleaveth  wood  sliall  be  endangered  thereby. 
^°  If  the  iron  be  blunt,  and  he  do  not  whet  the  edge, 
Then  must  he  put  to  more  strength  ; 
But  wisdom  is  profitable  to  direct. 

^^  Surely  the  serpent  will  bite  "^without  enchantment ; 
And  a  Jbabbler  is  no  better. 
^^  The  "words  of  a  wise  man's  mouth  arc  *gracious ; 

But  ''the  lips  of  a  fool  will  swallow  uj)  himself. 
^^  The  beginning  of  the  words  of  his  mouth  is  foolishness ; 

And  the  end  of  his  ttalk  is  mischievous  madness. 
^■^  A  fool  also  tis  full  of  words  : 
A  man  cannot  tell  what  shall  be ; 
And  wiiat  shall  be  after  him,  who  can  tell  him  ? 
^^  The  labor  of  the  foolish  wearieth  every  one  of  them, 
Because  he  knoweth  not  how  to  go  to  the  city. 

'^  Woe  "to  thee,  O  land  !  when  thy  king  is  a  child. 
And  thy  princes  eat  in  the  morning  ! 


Part  VII.l 


*  Heb.  makclh 
glad  the  life. 


a  Ex.  22.  23.  Ac. 

2:3.5. 
f  Or,  conscience, 

figure  like,  Lu. 

19.  40. 


ECCLESIASTES ;  OR,  THE  PREACHER. 


621 


^■^  Blessed  art  thou,  O  land  !  when  thy  kmg  is  the  son  of  nobles, 
And  "^thy  princes  eat  in  due  season, 
For  strength,  and  not  for  drunkenness  ! 

^^  By  much  slothfulness  the  building  decayeth  ; 
And  through  idleness  of  the  hands  the  house  droppeth  through. 

^'■^  A  feast  is  made  for  laughter,  and  wine  *maketh  merry : 
But  money  answereth  all  things. 

-"  Curse  "not  the  king,  no  not  in  thy  tthought ; 
And  curse  not  the  rich  in  thy  bedchamber  : 
For  a  bird  of  the  air  shall  carry  the  voice, 
And  that  which  hath  wings  shall  tell  the  matter. 


*  Heb.  vponthe 

face  oftke  waters. 

See  Is.  32.  20. 
a  Tie.  15.  10.  Pr. 

in.  17.   Milt.  10. 

42.  2  Co.  9.  8. 

Gal.  6.  9,  10. 

He.  G.  10. 
1)  I'e.  112.  9.  Lu. 

6.  30.  1  Ti.  6. 

18,  19. 
c  .Mic.  5.  5. 
d  Epli.  5.  16. 


t  Heb.  be  right. 


/Nu.  15. 


J  Or,  anger. 
A2Co.  7. 1.  2Ti, 

i  Vs.  39.  5. 

j  Pr.  22.  G.  La. 


7  Death  in  life,  9  and  (he  day  of  judgment  in  the  days  of  youth,  are  to  be 
rnr.  /".._  .J. .  •.  ^_  7_  17.     .      ..         ^  The  Preacher's  care 


fail,  be- 

r.  they  gri 


Section    IV. — Practical  Inferences,  and  Conclusion 
Chap.  xi.  and  xii. 
1  Directions  for  charity. 

thought  on.  —  Chap.  xii.  1  Tlie  Creator  is  to  be  remembered  in  due  time, 
to  ekifij.     13  The  fear  of  God  is  the  chief  antidote  of  vanity. 

^  Cast  thy  bread  *upon  the  waters  ; 

For  "thou  shalt  find  it  after  many  days. 
^  Give  'a  portion  ''to  seven,  and  also  to  eight ; 

For  ''thou  knowest  not  what  evil  shall  be  upon  the  earth. 
^  If  the  clouds  be  full  of  rain,  they  empty  themselves  upon  the  earth : 

And  if  the  tree  fall  toward  the  south,  or  toward  the  north, 

In  the  place  where  the  tree  falleth,  there  it  shall  be. 
^  He  that  observeth  the  wind  sliall  not  sow ; 

And  he  that  regardeth  the  clouds  shall  not  reap. 
^  As  'thou  knowest  not  what  is  the  way  of  the  spirit. 

Nor  how  the  bones  do  grow  in  the  womb  of  her  that  is  with  child  . 

Even  so  thou  knowest  not  the  works  of  God  who  maketh  all. 
^  In  the  morning  sow  thy  seed, 

And  in  the  evening  withhold  not  thy  hand  : 

For  thou  knowest  not  whether  shall  tprosper,  either  this  or  that, 

Or  whether  they  both  shall  be  alike  good. 
'  Truly  the  hght  is  sweet, 

And  a  pleasant  thing  it  is  for  the  eyes  to  behold  the  sun : 
^  But  if  a  man  live  many  years,  and  rejoice  in  them  all ; 

Yet  let  him  remember  the  days  of  darkness  ; 

For  they  shall  be  many.     All  that  cometh  is  vanity  ! 
^  Rejoice,  O  young  man  I   in  thy  youth  ; 

And  let  thy  heart  cheer  thee  in  the  days  of  thy  youth. 

And  ^walk  in  the  ways  of  thy  heart, 

And  in  the  sight  of  thine  eyes : 

But  know  thou,  that  for  all  these  things  "God  will  bring  thee  into 
^•^  Therefore  remove  tsorrow  from  thy  heart,  [judgment. 

And  ''put  away  evil  from  thy  flesh  ; 

For  'cliildhood  and  youth  are  vanity. 

^  Remember  ^now  thy  Creator  in  the  days  of  thy  youth,    Chap.  xii. 

While  the  evil  days  come  not, 

Nor  the  years  draw  nigh. 

When  ''thou  shalt  say,  I  have  no  pleasure  in  them ; 
^  While  the  sun,  or  the  light. 

Or  the  moon,  or  the  stars,  be  not  darkened, 

Nor  the  clouds  return  after  the  rain : 
^  In  the  day  when  the  keepers  of  the  house  shall  tremble, 

And  the  strong  men  shall  bow  themselves, 

And  the  grinders  *cease  because  they  are  few. 

And  those  that  look  out  of  the  windows  be  darkened, 
^  And  the  doors  shall  be  shut  in  the  streets, 


622 


DEATH  OF  SOLOMON. 


[Period  V. 


<2Sa.  19.35. 


m  Job  17.  13. 
n  Je.  9.  17. 


o  See  Ge.  2.  7. 

Ps.  90.  3. 
p  \u.  1().  22.  & 

27.  J(-i.  Job34. 

1-J.  13.57.  10. 

Ze.  12.  1. 
g  I's.  G2.  9. 
f  Or,  the  more  wise 

the  Preacher  was, 

r  1  Ki.  4.  32. 
J  Heb.  words  of 

delight. 
*  Or,  reading. 
t  Or,  The  end  of 

Oie  matter,  even 

all  that  hath 

been  heard,  is. 
s  De.  6.  2.  &c  10. 

12. 
t  Mat.  12.  36.  Ac. 

17.  30,  31.  Ro. 

2.  16.  &  14.  10, 

12.  1  Co.  4.  5. 

2  Co.  5.  10. 


When  the  sound  of  the  grinding  is  low, 

And  he  shall  rise  up  at  the  voice  of  the  bird, 

And  all  'the  daughters  of  music  shall  be  brought  low ; 
^  Also  when  they  shall  be  afraid  of  that  which  is  high, 

And  fears  siiall  be  in  the  way, 

And  the  almond  tree  shall  flourish. 

And  the  grasshopper  shall  be  a  burden. 

And  desire  shall  fail :  because  man  goeth  "to  his  long  home. 

And  "the  mourners  go  about  the  streets  : 
^  Or  ever  the  silver  cord  be  loosed. 

Or  the  golden  bowl  be  broken, 

Or  the  pitcher  be  broken  at  the  fountain. 

Or  tiie  wheel  broken  at  the  cistern. 
''  Then  "shall  the  dust  return  to  the  earth  as  it  was : 

And  the  spirit  shall  return  unto  God  ^'who  gave  it. 

^  "  Vanity  'of  vanities,"  saith  the  Preacher  ;  "  all  is  vanity  !  "  ^  And 
fmoreover,  because  the  Preacher  was  wise,  he  still  taught  the  people 
knowledge ;  yea,  he  gave  good  heed,  and  sought  out,  and  '"set  in  order 
many  proverbs.  ^^  The  Preacher  sought  to  find  out  tacceptable  words  ; 
and  that  which  was  written  was  upright,  even  words  of  truth.  ^^  The 
words  of  the  wise  are  as  goads,  and  as  nails  fastened  by  the  masters 
of  assemblies,  which  are  given  from  one  Shepherd.  ^-  And  further,  by 
these,  my  son,  be  admonished  :  of  making  many  books  there  is  no  end  ; 
and  much  *study  is  a  weariness  of  the  flesh. 

^^  tLet  us  hear  the  conclusion  of  the  whole  matter  ; — Fear  'God,  and 
keep  his  commandments :  for  this  is  the  whole  duty  of  man.  ^^  For 
'God  shall  bring  every  work  into  judgment,  with  every  secret  thing, 
whether  it  be  good,  or  whether  it  be  evil. 


PART  viir. 


PART    VIII. 


A.  Jl.  3029. 
B.  C.  975. 
Hales,  991. 


DEATH   OF   SOLOMON. 
1  Kings  xi.  41-43.— 2  Chron.  ix.  2r)-31. 


*  Or,  words,  or, 
things. 


^^  AND  the  rest  of  the  *acts  of  Solomon,  and  all  that  he  did,  and 
his  wisdom,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Acts  of  Solomon  ? 
^^  [and]  in  the  tBook  of  Nathan  the  prophet,  and  in  the 
Prophecy  of  Ahijah  the  Siiilonite,  and  in  the  Visions  of  j,art  of  29. 
Iddo  the  seer  against  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat  ?  '*-  And  i  Kings  xi. 
the  ttinie  that  Solomon   reigned    in  Jerusalem    over    all  "' 

Israel  was  forty  years.  '^^  And  Solomon  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was 
a  Mnt.  1. 7,  called  buricd  in  the  city  of  David  his  father:  and  "Rehoboam  his  son  reigned 
in  his  stead. 


t  Heb.  fVords. 


\  Heb.  days. 


2  CiiRON.  ix.  part  ofver.  29,  30,  31 .— ^^  jy^^  ^iie  rest  of  tiie  acts  of  Solomon,  first  and 
last,  arc  they  not  written — .  ^^  And  Solomon  reigned  in  Jerusalem  over  all  Israel  forty 
years.  ^^  And  Solomon  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  he  was  buried  in  tlie  city  of  David  his 
father ;  and  Rehoboam  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 


Part  I.] 


THE  REIGN  OF  REHOBOAM. 


PERIOD    VI. 

FROM  THE  ELEVATION  OF  REHOBOAM  TO  THE  BABYLONISH 
CAPTIVITY. 


17  Years. 

A.  M.  3029  to 

3046. 

B.  C.  975  to 

958. 
Hales,  991  to 

974. 


a  1  Ki.  11-40. 


JlSa.  8.  11-18. 
1  Ki.  4.  7. 


PART    I. 

THE   REIGN   OF   REHOBOAM,   FIRST   KING 


CONTEMPORARY   EVENTS  IN 
Portion 


OF   JUDAH,  WITH   THE 
THE  KINGDOM   OF   ISRAEL.* 


Reign  of  Rrhoboam  ;— Revolt  of  the  Ten  Tribes ;— Invasion 
ofShishak ; — Death  of  Rehoboam. 

1  Kings  xiv.  varl  ofrcr.  21,  xii.  1-24.-2  Chron.  xi.  5,  to  the  end.xn.  1.— 1  Kings  xiv. 
22-24.-2  Chron.  xii.  2,  to  the  end.— I  Kings  xiv.  part  of  ver.  21,  and  25,  to  the  end. 
2  Chron.  x.,  and  xi.,  1-4. 

The  Israelites  assembled  at  Shechem  to  cromi  Rehoboam.,  by  Jeroboam  make  a  suit  of  relaxation  unto 
him  Rehoboam,  refusino-  the  old  meji's  counsel  by  the  advice  of  yming  men,  ansioereth  tliem 
rovo-hhi  Ten  tribes  revoltivo-  kill  Adoram.  and  moke  Rehoboam  to  flee.  Rehoboam  raising  an 
army,  is  forbidden  by  Shemaiah.  Rehoboam  strengtheneth  his  kingdom  with  forts  and  provisions. 
The  priests  and  Levites  ami  such  as  feared  God  forsaken  by  Jeroboam,  strengthen  the  kingdom 
ofJudah  The  wives  and  children  of  Rehoboam.  He  relapses  into  idolatry.  He  is  pumsheU 
by  Shishak.  He  and  the  princes,  repenting  at  the  preaching  of  Shemaiah,  are  delivered  from 
destruction,  but  not  from  spoil.     His  reign  and  death. 

21  AND  Rehoboam  the  son  of  Solomon  reigned  in  Judah.     Reho- 
boam was  forty  and  one  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign. 

1  And  Rehoboam  went  to  Sliechem  ;  for  all  Israel  were  i  ^^  x"- 
come  to  Shechem  to  make  him  king.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass, 
when  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  who  was  yet  in  "Egypt,  heard  of  it, 
(for  he  was  fled  from  the  presence  of  king  Solomon,  and  Jeroboam 
dwelt  in  Egypt ;)  ^  that  they  sent  and  called  him.  And  Jeroboam  and 
all  the  congregation  of  Israel  came,  and  spake  unto  Rehoboam,  saying, 
4"  Thy  father  made  our  ''yoke  grievous  :  now  therefore  make  thou  the 
grievous  service  of  thy  father,  and  his  heavy  yoke  which  he  put  upon 
us,  lighter,  and  we  will  serve  thee."  ^  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  Depart 
yet  for  three  days,  then  come  again  to  me."     And  the  people  departed. 

6  And  king  Rehoboam  consulted  with  the  old  men,  that  stood  before 
Solomon  his  father  while  he  yet  lived,  and  said,  "  How  do  ye  advise 
that  I  may  answer  this  people  ?  "  ^  And  they  spake  unto  him,  saying, 
"  If  'thou  wilt  be  a  servant  unto  this  people  this  day,  and  wilt  serve 
them,  and  answer  them,  and  speak  good  words  to  them,  then  they 
will  be  thy  servants  for  ever."  ^  But  he  forsook  the  counsel  of  the  old 
men,  which  they  had  given  him,  and  consulted  with  the  young  men 
that  were  grown  up  with  him,  and  which  stood  before  him,  ^  And  he 
said  unto  them,  "  What  counsel  give  ye  that  we  may  answer  this  peo- 
ple, who  have  spoken  to  me,  saying,  '  Make  the  yoke  which  thy  father 
did  put  upon  us  lighter  ? '  "  ^^  And  the  young  men  that  were  grown  up 
with  him  spake  unto  him,  saying,  "  Thus  shalt  thou  speak  unto  this 
people,  that  spake  unto  thee,  saying,  '  Thy  father  made  our  yoke 
heavy,  but  make  thou  it  lighter  unto  us  ; '  thus  shalt  thou  say  unto 
them.  My  little  finger  shall  be  tliicker  than  my  father's  loins.  ^^  And 
now  whereas  my  fath.er  did  lade  you  with  a  heavy  yoke,  I  will  add  to 
your  yoke  :  my  father  hath  chastised  you  with  whips,  but  I  will  chastise 
you  with  scorpions."  ,  •    i  i 

12  So  Jeroboam  and  all  tlie  people  came  to  Rehoboam  the  third  day, 
kin^y  had  anoointed.  savinsf,  "  Come  to  me    aaain    the    third 


the 


ippomteci,  saying, 


*  From  the  difficulty  of  arranging  the  events  in 
this  Period,  it  has  been  thought  most  advisable  to 
divide  each  part  into  Two  Portions.  The  First  Por- 
tion contains  the  reisjn  of  a  king  of  .ludah  ;  the 
Second,  the  events  in  the  kingdom  of  Israel  con- 
temporary with  his  reign.     The   Books  of  Kings 


and  Chronicles  are  harmonized  throughout  in  this 
Period,  and  the  Prophecies  are  arranged  as  they 
were  delivered  in  the  reigns  of  their  respective 
kino-s,  so  far.  at  least,  as  can  be  ascertained  from 
inte°-nal  evidence  and  the  testimony  of  various 
authors. 


624 


THE  REIGN  OF  REH0B0A:M. 


[Period  VI. 


*  Heb  hardly. 


t  Heb.  strcngth- 
entd  himself. 

t  Or,  fell  away. 
2  Ki.  17.  21. 


A.  Al.  3031. 
B.  C.  973. 
Hales,  987. 


*  Heh.  ■presented 
Vumselvts  to 
him. 

/.\u.  35.  2. 


)3.  33.  Ho.  13. 


A  Le.  17.  7.  1  Co. 
10.20. 


day."  '^  And  the  king  answered  the  people  *roughly,  and  forsook  the 
old  men's  counsel  that  they  gave  him  ;  ^"^  and  spake  to  them  after  the 
counsel  of  the  young  men.  saying,  "  My  father  made  your  yoke  heavy, 
and  I  will  add  lo  your  yoke  :  my  father  also  chastised  you  with  whips, 
but  I  will  chastise  you  with  scorpions."  ^-^  Wherefore  the  king  heark- 
ened not  unto  the  people  ;  for  ''the  cause  was  from  the  Lord,  that  he 
might  perform  his  saying,  which  the  Lord  spake  by  Ahijah  the  Shi- 
lonite  unto  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat. 

^^  So  when  all  Israel  saw  that  the  king  hearkened  not  unto  them, 
the  people  answered  the  king,  saying,  "  What  'portion  have  we  in 
David  ?  neither  have  we  inheritance  in  the  son  of  Jesse  :  to  your  tents, 
O  Israel !  now  see  to  thine  own  house,  David  ! "  So  Israel  departed 
unto  their  tents.  ^''But  as  for  the  children  of  Israel  which  dwelt  in  the 
cities  of  Judah,  Rehoboam  reigned  over  them. 

^^Then  king  Rehoboam  sent  Adoram,  who  was  over  the  tribute  ;  and 
all  Israel  stoned  him  with  stones,  that  he  died.  Therefore  king  Reho- 
boam iniade  speed  to  get  him  up  to  his  chariot,  to  flee  to  Jerusalem. 
^^  So  Israel  trebelled  against  the  house  of  David  unto  this  day.  ^°  And 
it  came  to  pass,  when  all  Israel  heard  that  Jeroboam  was  come  again, 
that  they  sent  and  called  him  unto  the  congregation,  and  made  him 
king  over  all  Israel ;  there  was  none  that  followed  the  house  of  David, 
but  the  tribe  of  Judah  only. 

^^  And  when  Rehoboam  was  come  to  Jerusalem,  he  assembled  all 
the  house  of  Judah,  with  the  tribe  of  Benjamin,  an  hundred  and  four- 
score thousand  chosen  men,  which  were  warriors,  to  fight  against  the 
house  of  Israel,  to  bring  the  kingdom  again  to  Rehoboam  the  son  of 
Solomon.  ^~  But  the  word  of  God  came  unto  Shemaiah  the  man  of 
God,  saying,  ^'^ "  Speak  unto  Rehoboam.  the  son  of  Solomon,  king  of 
Judah,  and  unto  all  the  house  of  Judah  and  Benjamin,  and  to  the 
remnant  of  the  people,  .saying,  -'*  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Ye  shall  not 
go  up,  nor  fight  against  your  brethren  the  children  of  Israel :  return 
every  man  to  his  house  ;  for  this  thing  is  from  me."  They  hearkened 
therefore  to  the  word  of  the  Lord,  and  returned  to  depart,  according  to 
the  word  of  the  Lord. 

^And  R,ehoboam  dwelt  in  Jerusalem,  and  built  cities  SCuRON.xi. 
for  defence  in  Judah.  ''He  built  even  Bcth-lehem.  and  ^^ '"  f"'^- 
Etam,  and  Tekoa,"and  Beth-zur,  and  Shoco,  and  Adullam,  ^and  Gath, 
and  Mareshah,  and  Ziph,  ^and  Adoraim,  and  Lachish,  and  Azekah, 
^^  and  Zorah,  and  Aijalon,  and  Hebron,  which  are  in  Judah  and  in  Ben- 
jamin, fenced  cities.  ^^And  he  fortified  the  strong  holds,  and  put  cap- 
tains in  them,  and  store  of  victual,  and  of  oil  and  wine.  ^~  And  in  every 
several  city  he  put  shields  and  spears,  and  made  them  exceeding  strong, 
having  Judah  and  Benjamin  on  his  side. 

^^  And  the  priests  and  the  Levites  that  were  in  all  Israel  ^resorted 
to  him  out  of  all  their  coasts,  i'  For  the  Levites  left-^thcir  suburbs  and 
their  possession,  and  came  to  Judah  and  Jeru.salem  :  for  Jeroboam  and 
his  sons  had  cast  them  off  from  executing  the  priest's  office  unto  the 
Lord  :  ^-^  and  ^he  ordained  him  priests  for  the  high  ])laces,  and  for 
'the  devils,  and  for  the  calves  which  he  had  made.  ^''  And  after  them 
out  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel  such  as  set  their  hearts  to  seek  the  Lord 
God  of  Israel  came  to  Jerusalem,  to  sacrifice  unto  the  Lord  God  of 
their  fathers.  ^'' So  they  strengthened  the  kingdom  of  Judah,  and  made 
Rehoboam  the  son  of  Solomon  strong,  three  years :  for  three  years 
they  walked  in  the  way  of  David  and  Solomon. 

^^And  Rehoboam  took  him  Mahalath  the  daughter  of  Jerimoth  the 
son  of  David  to  wife,  and  Abihail  the  daugliler  of  Eliab  the  son  of  Jesse  ; 
^'•^  which  bare  him  children  ;  Jcush,  and  Shamariah,  and  Zaham.  ~^  And 


p^^T  I.]  INVASION  OF  SHISHAK.  625 

iiKi.  15.  a.  She  after  her  he  took  ^Maachah  the  daughter  of  Absalom  ;  which  bare  him 
TthelaSr"  Abiiah,  and  Attai,  and  Ziza,  and  Shelomith.  ^'  And  Rehoboam  loved 
2  c'i!"r3'  -         Maachah  the  daughter  of  Absalom  above  all  his  wives  and  his  concu- 
bines,  (for  he  took  eighteen  wives,  and   threescore  concubines  ;  and 
beo-at'  twenty  and  eight  sons,  and  threescore  daughters.)  ^^  And  Reho- 
jSeeDe.21.15-  bo^m  ^made  Abijah  the  son  of  Maachah  the  chief,  to  be  ruler  among 
''■  his  brethren  :  for  he  thouaht  to  make  him  king.  ^^  And  he  dealt  wisely, 

and  dispersed  of  all  his  children  throughout  all  the  countries  of  Judah 
and  Benjamin,  unto  every  fenced  city  :  and  he  gave  them  victual  in 
^lieh. a muiHtade  abundaucc.     And  he  desired  tmany  wives. 
ofwwes.  ^  ^^^  .^  ^^^^^  ^^  p^gg^  ^j^gj^  Rehoboam  had  established    2  Chkon.  xii. 

the  kino-dom,  and  had  strenothened  himself,  he  forsook  l- 

the  law  of  the  Lord,  and  all  Israel  with  him.  ^^  And  l  ^^Jfl/^^- 
k  De.  3-2  2,.  Ps  j^jah  did  cvil  iu  thc  sight  of  the  LoRD,  and  they  '^provoked 
78.58.  ico.io.  j^.^^^  ^^  jealousv  with  their  sins  which  they  had  committed,  above  all 
iDe.  12.2.  E..  that  their  fathers  had  done.  ^^  For  they  also  built  ihcm  'high  places, 
xo'tl^ing  and  timages,  and  groves,  on  every  high  hill,  and  "'under  every  green 
images,  or,  ^^^^  24  ^nd  "there  were  also  sodomites  in  the  land :  and  they  did  accord- 
JHt'.s.  ing  to  all  the  abominations  of  the   nations   which  the  Lord  cast  out 

nDe.23.n.        bcforc  the  children  of  Isracl.  ^       or 

\  P  Td-  '  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  in  the  fifth  year  of  king  Re-    |^^^XeS.' 

■       hoboam,  Shishak  king  of  Egypt  came  upagainst  Jerusalem,      ' 

because  they  had  transgressed  against  the  Lord,  ^with  twelve  hundred 
chariots,  and  threescore  thousand  horsemen  :  and  the  people  were 
without  number  that  came  with  him  out  of  Egypt ;  the  Lubims,  the 
Sukkiims,  and  the  Ethiopians.  ^  And  he  took  the  fenced  cities  which 
pertained  to  Judah,  and  came  to  Jerusalem. 

5  Then  came  Shemaiah  the  prophet  to  Rehoboam,  and  to  the  princes 
of  Judah,  that  were  gathered  together  to  Jerusalem  because  of  Shishak, 
and  said  unto  them,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Ye  have  forsaken  me,  and 
therefore  have  I  also  left  you  in  the  hand  of  Shishak."  ^  Whereupon 
oja.4.10.  the  princes  of  Israel  and  the  king  "humbled  themselves;   and  they 

pEx.  9.27.         said,  "  The  ''Lord  is  righteous."  '  And  when  the  Lord  saw  that  they 
humbled  themselves,  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Shemaiah,  saying, 
"  They  have  humbled  themselves  ;  therefore  I  will  not  destroy  them, 
*o.,amtie        but  I  will  grant  them  *some  deliverance  ;  and  my  wrath  shall  not  be 
poured  out  upon  Jerusalem  by  the  hand  of  Shishak.    «  Nevertheless 
5  See  Is.  26. 13.    ^thov  shall  bc  his  seivaiits  ;    that  they  may  know  '^my  service,  and 
.De.28.47,48.     ^^^^  ^^^^^.^^  ^^  ^^^  kiugdoms  of  the  couutrics."  «So  Shishak  king  of 
Ecrypt  came  up  against  Jerusalem,  and  took  away  the  treasures  of  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  treasures  of  the  king  s  house  ;  he  took  all : 
.iKi.io.16,17.  he  carried  away  also  the  shields  of  gold  which  Solomon  ^had  made. 
2  ch.  9. 15, 16.    10  Instead  of  which  king  Rehoboam  made  shields  of  brass,  and  com- 
mitted them  to  the  hands  of  the  chief  of  the  guard,  that  kept  the 
entrance  of  the  king's  house.  ^'  And  when  the  king  entered  into  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  the  guard  came  and   fetched  them,  and  brought 
them  acrain  into  the  guard  ciiamber.    ^^  And  when  he  humbled  him- 
self, the  wrath    of   the  Lord    turned   from  him,  th.at  he  would  not 
destroy  him  altogether :  tand  also  in  Judah  things  went  well. 

13  So  king  Rehoboam  strengthened  himself  in  Jerusalem,  and  reigned  ; 
for  Rehoboam  was  one  and  forty  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign, 
and  he  reigned  seventeen  years  in  Jerusalem,  the  city  which  the  Lord 
had  chosen  out  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  to  put  his  name  there  And 
his  mother's  name  was  Naamah  an  Ammonitess.  i"  And  he  did  evil, 
X0r,jued.  because    he   tprepared  not  his  heart  to  seek   the  Lord.       Now  the 

mrd..      acts  of  Rehoboam,  first  and  last,  are  they  not  .written  m  the    Book  ot 
Shemaiah  the  prophet,  and  of  Iddo  the  seer  concerning  genealogies  . 
VOL.   I.  79  3  A 


f  Or,  and  yet  in 
Judah  there  were 
goodlhimrs:  see 
Ge.  18.  24. 


Heb.  Words. 


626  THE  DEATH  OF  REHOBOAM.  [Period  VI. 

And  there  were  wars  between  Rehoboam  and  Jeroboam  continually. 
^^  And  Rehoboam  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried  in  the  city  of 
David :  and  Abijah  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

1  Kings  x'w. partofver. 21, and2o,  to  end. — ^^ — and  he  reigned  seventeen  years  in  Jeru- 
salem, the  city  which  the  Lord  did  choose  out  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  to  put  his  name 
there  :  and  his  motlier's  name  was  Naamah  an  Ammonitess. — ^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the 
fifth  j'ear  of  king  Rehoboam,  that  Shishak  king  of  Egypt  came  up  against  Jerusalem. 
^  And  he  took  away  the  treasures  of  tiie  house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  treasures  of  the  king's 
house;  he  even  took  away  all :  and  he  took  away  all  the  shields  of  gold  which  Solomon 
had  made.  ^''  And  king  Rehoboam  made  in  their  stead  brazen  shields,  and  connnitted  them 

♦  Heb.  rurmers.  unto  the  hands  of  the  chief  of  tlie  ''guard,  which  kept  the  door  of  the  king's  house.  ^  And 
it  was  so,  when  the  king  went  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  that  the  guard  bare  them,  and 
brought  them  back  into  the  guard  chamber. 

^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Rehoboam,  and  all  that  he  did,  are  they  not  written  in 
the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  tlie  kings  of  Judah.'  ^  And  there  was  war  between  Reho- 
boam and  Jeroboam  all  their  days.  ^'  And  Rehoboam  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried 
with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David.     And  his  mother's  name  was  Naamah  an  Ammon- 

^^y^ii^ M^t'\      'tess.     And 'Abijam  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

T,-^bia.  2  Chros.  s. — 'And  Rehoboam    went  to  Shechem;  for  to  Shechem  were  all  Israel 

come  to  make  him  king.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  wha 
was  in  Egypt,  whither  he  had  fled  from  the  presence  of  Solomon  the  king,  heard  it,  that 
Jeroboam  returned  out  of  Egypt.  ^  And  they  sent  and  called  him.  So  Jeroboam  and  all 
Israel  came  and  spake  to  Rehoboam,  saying,  •"'  Thy  father  made  our  yoke  grievous  :  now 
therefore  ease  thou  somewhat  the  grievous  servitude  of  thy  father,  and  his  heavy  yoke 
that  he  put  upon  us,  and  we  will  serve  thee."  *  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  Come  again 
unto  me  after  three  days."     And  the  people  departed. 

*  And  king  Rehoboam  took  counsel  with  the  old  men  that  had  stood  before  Solomon 
his  father  while  he  yet  lived,  saying,  "  What  counsel  give  ye  me  to  return  answer  to  this 
people  .'  "  '  And  they  spake  unto  him,  saying,  "  If  thou  be  kind  to  this  ])eople,  and  please 
them,  and  speak  good  words  to  them,  they  will  be  thy  servants  for  ever."  ^  But  he  for- 
sook the  counsel  which  the  old  men  gave  him,  and  took  counsel  with  the  young  men  that 
were  brought  up  with  him,  that  stood  before  him.  ^  And  he  said  unto  them,  "  What 
advice  give  ye  that  we  may  return  answer  to  this  people,  which  have  spoken  to  me,  say- 
ing, '  Ease  somewhat  the  yoke  that  thy  father  did  put  upon  us  .'  '  "  '"  And  the  young  men 
that  were  brought  up  with  him  spake  unto  him,  saying,  "  Thus  shalt  thou  answer  the 
people  that  spake  unto  thee,  saying,  '  Thy  father  made  our  yoke  heavy,  but  make  thou  it 
somewhat  lighter  for  us  ; '  thus  shalt  thou  say  unto  them.  My  little  finger  shall  be  thicker 

fHeb.  laded.  jh-m  my  father's  loins.  "  For  whereas  my  father  tput  a  heavy  j'oke  upon  you,  I  will  put 

more  to  your  yoke :  my  father  chastised  you  with  whips,  but  I  will  chastise  you  with 
scorpions."  '"-  So  Jeroboam  and  all  the  people  came  to  Rehoboam  on  the  third  day,  as 
the  king  bade,  saying,  "  Come  again  to  me  on  the  third  day."  "  And  the  king  answered 
them  roughly  ;  and  king  Rehoboam  forsook  the  counsel  of  the  old  men,  '■*  and  answered 
them  after  the  advice  of  the  young  men,  saying,  "  My  father  made  your  yoke  heavy,  but 
I  will  add  thereto  :  my  father  chastised  you  with  whips,  but  I  will  chastise  you  with 
scorpions."  '*  So  the  king  hearkened  not  unto  the  people  ;  for  the  cause  was  of  God,  that 
the  Lord  might  perform  his  word,  which  he  spake  hy  the  hand  of  Ahijah  the  Shilonite 
to  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat. 

's  And  when  all  Israel  saw  that  the  king  would  not  hearken  unto  them,  the  people 
answered  the  king,  saying,  •'  What  portion  have  we  in  David  ?  and  we  have  none  in- 
heritance in  the  son  of  Jesse :  every  man  to  your  tents,  O  Israel  !  and  now,  David,  see 
to  thine  own  house  !  "  So  all  Israel  went  to  their  tents.  '' But  as  for  the  children  of  Israel 
that  dwelt  in  the  cities  of  Judah,  Rclioboam  reigned  over  them.  ''*  Then  king  Rehoboam 
sent  Hadoram,  that  was  over  the  tribute  ;  and  tlie  children  of  Israel  stoned  him  with 

X  Heb.  stretifftii-  stones,  that  lie  died.  But  king  Rehoboam  tmade  speed  to  get  him  up  to  his  chariot,  to 
flee  to  Jerusalem.  '^  And  Israel  rebelled  against  the  liouse  of  David  unto  this  day. 

2  Chron.  xi.  1-4. — 'And  when  Rehoboam  was  come  to  Jerusalem,  he  gatliered  of  the 
house  of  Judah  and  Benjamin  an  hundred  and  fourscore  tliousand  chosen  men,  which 
were  warriors,  to  fight  against  Israel,  that  he  might  bring  tlie  kingdom  again  to  Rehoboam. 
'But  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Shemaiah  the  man  of  God,  saying,  ■"'  Speak  unto 
Rehoboam  the  son  of  Solomon,  king  of  Judah,  and  to  all  Israel  in  Judah  and  Benjamin, 
saying,  '"Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Ye  shall  not  go  up,  nor  fight  against  your  brethren  :  return 
every  man  to  his  house  :  for  this  thing  is  done  of  me."  And  they  obeyed  the  words  of 
the  Lord,  and  returned  from  going  against  Jeroboam. 


ened  himself. 


Part  L] 


IDOLATRY  OF  THE  GOLDEN  CALVES. 


627 


Part  I. — Portion  IL 


A.  M.  3030. 
B.  C.  974. 

flALES,  990. 


«SeeJu.  9.  45. 
b  Ju.  8.  17. 


d2Ki.  10.  29.  & 

17.  IG. 
e  Ex.  32.  4,  8. 
/Ge.  28.  19.  Ho. 

4.15. 
g  Ju.  18.  29. 
A2Ki.  17.21. 
i  Nil.  3.  10.  2  Ki 

]7.  32.  2Cli.  IJ 

14,  15.  Ez.  44. 

7,  8. 
7  Lo.  23.  33,  34. 

Nn.  29.  12. 
*  Or,  went  up  to 

the  uhar,  fyc. 
f  Or,  to  sacrifice. 


EVENTS   IN   THE   KINGDOM   OF  ISRAEL,  CONTEMPORARY  WITH  THE 
REIGN   OF   REHOBOAM   KING   OF   JUDAH. 

Idolatry  of  the  Golden  Calves  ;  — History  of  the  Prophet  of  Beth-el. 
1  Kings  xii.  25,  to  the  end,  and  xiii. 
Jeroboam  strengt.heneth  himself  btj  cities,  and  by  the  idolatry  of  the  two  co/dcs.— 1  Kings  xiii.  I 
Jerobomn's  hand,  that  offered  violence  to  him  that  prophesied  against  his  altar  at  Beth-el,  withereth, 
6  and  at  the  prayer  of  the  prophet  is  restored.  7  The  prophet,  refusing  the  king's  entertainment, 
departethform  Beth-el.  11  An  old  prophet,  seducing  him,  bringeth  him  back.  20  He  is  reproved 
by  God,  23  slai7i  by  a  lion,  26  buried  by  the  old  prophet,  31  who  conjirmeth  his  prophecy. 
3.3  Jeroboam's  obstinacy. 

~^Then  Jeroboam  "built  Shechem  in  Mount  Ephraim,  and  dwelt 
therein ;  and  went  out  from  thence,  and  built  'Penuel.  ^^  And  Jero- 
boam said  in  his  heart,  "  Now  shall  the  kingdom  return  to  the  house 
of  David.  ^'^  If  this  people  "oo  up  to  do  sacrifice  in  the  house  of  the 
Lord  at  Jerusalem,  then  shall  the  heart  of  this  people  turn  again  unto 
their  lord,  even  unto  Rehoboam  king  of  Judah,  and  they  shall  kill  me, 
and  go  again  to  Rehoboam  king  of  Judah."  ^^  Whereupon  the  king 
took  counsel,  and  "made  "Hwo  calves  of  gold,  and  said  unto  them,  "  It 
is  too  much  for  you  to  go  up  to  Jerusalem  :  'behold  thy  gods,  O  Israel ! 
which  brought  thee  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt."  ^^  And  he  set  the 
one  in  •'^Beth-el,  and  the  other  put  he  in  ^Dan.  ^^  And  this  thing  be- 
came ''a  sin  :  for  the  people  went  to  worship  before  the  one,  even  unto 
Dan.  ^^  And  he  made  a  house  of  high  places,  'and  made  priests  of  the 
lowest  of  the  people,  which  were  not  of  the  sons  of  Levi.  ^^  And  Jero- 
boam ordained  a  feast  in  the  eighth  month,  on  the  fifteenth  day  of  the 
month,  like  unto  ^the  feast  that  is  in  Judah,  and  he  *ofrered  upon  the 
altar.     So  did  he  in  Beth-el,  tsacrificing  unto  the  calves  that  he  had 


(')  Few  subjects  seem,  at  first  sight,  to  be  attended 
with  more  difficulties  than  the  scriptural  history  of 
the  idolatry  of  the  golden  calf.  Immediately  after 
the  exodus,  while  the  impression  of  the  stupendous 
miracles,  which  had  delivered  the  Israelites  from 
Egypt,  was  still  fresh  in  their  remembrance,  they 
worshipped  an  Egyptian  idol ;  and,  in  the  history  of 
the  revolt  of  the  ten  tribes,  we  are  informed  that  Jer- 
oboam, to  perpetuate  the  rebellion  of  the  people,  and 
to  prevent  their  returning  to  their  legitimate  sove- 
reign, set  up,  at  the  opposite  end  of  his  dominions,  two 
calves  of  gold.  He  professed  to  do  this  to  save  them 
the  unnecessary  trouble  of  going  up  to  Jerusalem  to 
worship.  "  It  is  too  much  for  you  to  go  up  to  Je- 
rusalem ;  behold  thy  gods,0  Israel !  which  brought 
thee  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt."  The  people 
submitted  to  the  new  mode  of  worship,  although 
they  had,  only  the  week  before  their  rebellion, 
acknowledged  the  exclusive  worship  of  Jehovah. 
They  suddenly  change  their  faith,  contrary  to  every 
known  principle  of  action,  without  scruple,  without 
hesitation,  without  any  apparent  consciousness  of 
inconsistency  or  impiety. 

To  account  for  this  extraordinary  conduct,  we 
must  observe  how  skilfully  the  rebellious  Jeroboam 
adapted  his  innovation  to  the  received  opinions  of 
the  people.  The  new  worship  which  he  was  de- 
sirous of  establishing,  was  a  studied  imitation  of  the 
regular  service  at  Jerusalem.  Priests  were  conse- 
crated, and  the  great  festivals  observed  ;  sacrifices 
were  offered,  and  the  worship  of  Jehovah  profess- 
edly continued.  Some  alterations  were  indeed 
made,  in  conformity  to  those  erroneous  notions 
which  tlie  Israelites  had  imbibed  from  the  sur- 
rounding idolators,  and  from  which  they  were 
never  entirely  emancipated  till  after  the  Babylonish 
captivity. 

Within  the  sanctuary,  in  the  temple  at  Jerusa- 
lem, were  the  figures  of  the  cherubim.  These 
figures  were  a  combination  of  the  forms  of  a  man, 


a  bull,  a  lion,  and  an  eagle,  in  one  body,  in  which 
the  form  of  the  bull  predominated.  It  is  generally 
affirmed,  therefore,  that  the  two  calves  which  Jero- 
boam set  up,  were  intended  to  represent  these  cher- 
ubim. They  were  either  the  complete  figure  of  the 
clierubim,  or  the  form  of  an  ox  or  calf  only,  or,  as 
is  sometimes  supposed,  the  head  alone  of  a  calf. 
Had  Jeroboam  been  contented  with  this  innovation, 
he  would  have  been  guilty  only  of  schism,  not  of 
idolatry.  But  he  had  no  sooner  set  up  the  golden 
calves,  than  he  gave  them  the  names  of  the  Egyp- 
tian idols  ;  he  declared  the  cherubim  to  be  the  bulls 
Apis  and  Mnevis  ;  he  pronounced  them  the  deliver- 
ers of  Israel  from  Egypt,  and  worshipped  them  with 
the  same  rites  with  which  Jehovah  was  worshipped 
in  the  temple  at  Jerusalem.  That  this  was  the  sin 
of  Jeroboam,  who  is  so  repeatedly  said  "  to  have 
made  Israel  to  sin,"  may  be  collected  from  Scrip- 
ture itself.  Hosea  styles  the  idols  of  Jeroboam 
"  the  calves  of  Beth-aven."  Aven  was  the  same 
as  the  Egyptian  deity  Aun  or  On.  The  letters  of 
the  two  words  in  Hebrew  are  the  same  ;  the  appar- 
ent diflFerence  between  them  is  made  only  by  the 
Masoretic  punctuation.  Aven,  Aun,  or  On,  was 
the  Sun,  the  same  as  Osiris;  the  worship  of  the 
calves  therefore  must  have  been,  substantially,  tlie 
worship  of  the  Sun. 

By  this  insidious  stratagem,  we  find  that  Jero- 
boam contrived  to  retain  in  his  dominions  a  great 
number  of  the  nominal  worshippers  of  Jehovah  ; 
and,  at  the  same  time,  strengthened  his  covorn- 
ment  by  the  adherence  of  many  thousands  of  those 
who  had  long  been  attached,  particularly  in  the 
northern  parts  of  Judea,  to  the  idolatries  of  the  sur- 
rounding pagans. — Vide  Selden's  De  Diis  Syr.  p.  51, 
Amsterdam,  edit.  1080;  PfeifFer,  Dif.  Loc.  SS.  p. 
247  ;  Bishop  Patrick  ;  Faber.  Oriff.  of  Pagan  Idola- 
ir?/,  book  ii.  chap.  vi.  p.  434;  Horsley,  Bib.  Crit. 
vol.  iii.  p.  241 ;  Witsius,  Egyptiaca,  p.  63. 


623  HISTORY  OF  THE  PROPHET  OF  BETH-EL.  [Period  VI. 


k  Am.  7. 13.        made  ;  *and  he  placed  in  Beth-el  the  priests  of  the  high  places  which 

^Z'lit^^V''  lie  had  made.  -'^  So  he  tolTered  upon  the  altar  which  he  had  made  in 
Beth-el  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  eighth  month,  even  in  the  month  which 

ZNu.  15.39.         j^g  ^^^^  'devised  of  his  own  heart;  and  ordained  a  feast  unto  the  chil- 

*c"^e'.  **  *"""""  ^^en  of  Israel  :  and  he  ottered  upon  the  altar,  *and  burnt  incense. 

^  And,  behold,  there  came  a  man  of  God  out  of  Judah  by  i  Kings  xiii. 
the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  Beth-el ;  and  Jeroboam  stood  by 

t  Or, to  offer.  ^j^g  ^]^^^  |jq  {^^.j^  inccnsc.  "  And  he  cried  against  the  altar  in  the  word 
of  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  O  altar,  altar  !    thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  Behold, 

mi2Ki.  23. 15,16.  ^  child  shall  be  born  unto  the  house  of  David,  "Josiah  by  name  ;  and 
upon  thee  shall  he  offer  the  priests  of  the  high  places  that  burn  incense 
upon  thee,  and  men's  bones  shall  be  burnt  upon  thee."  ^  And  he  gave 

Wico.°i."    "a  sign  the  same  day,  saying,  "  This  is  the  sign  which  the  Lord  hath 

^'  spoken  ;    Behold,  the  altar  shall  be  rent,  and  the  ashes  that  are  upon 

it  shall  be  poured  out."  **  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  king  Jeroboam 
heard  the  saying  of  the  man  of  God,  which  had  cried  against  the  altar 
in  Beth-el,  that  he  put  forth  iiis  hand  from  the  altar,  saying,  "  Lay 
hold  on  him."  And  his  hand,  which  he  put  forth  against  him,  dried  up, 
so  that  he  could  not  pull  it  in  again  to  him.  ^  The  altar  also  was  rent, 
and  the  ashes  poured  out  from  tiie  altar,  according  to  the  sign  which 
the  man  of  God  had  given  by  the  word  of  the  Lord.  ^  And  the  king 

0  See  Ex.  8.8.  auswcrcd  and  said  unto  the  man  of  God,  "  Entreat  "now  the  face  of 
the  Lord  thy  God,  and  pray  for  me,  that  my  hand  may  be  restored 

Khe^LORD!"  "^  me  again."  And  the  man  of  God  besought  Ithe  Lord,  and  the  king's 
hand  was  restored  him  again,  and  became  as  it  was  before.  '^  And  the 
king  said  unto  the  man  of  God,  "  Come  home  with  me,  and  refresh 


pi  Sa.  9.  7.  2Kj. 
5.  15. 


thyself,  and  ^I  will  give  thee  a  reward."  ^  And  the  man  of  God  said 
5S0NU.22.18.&  unto  the  king,  "  If  'thou  wilt  give  me  half  thy  house,  I  will  not  go  in 
^*-  ^^-  with  tiiee,  neither  will  I  eat  bread  nor  drink  water  in  this  place  ;  ^  for 

r  1  Co.  5. 11.       so  was  it  charged  me  by  the  word  of  the  Lord,  saying,  "  Eat  "^no  bread, 
nor  drink  water,  nor  turn  again  by  the  same  way  that  thou  earnest." 
^°  So  he  went  another  way,  and  returned  not  by  the  way  that  he  came 
to  Beth-el. 
*  Heb.  son.  11  j^q^  thcrc  dwclt  an  old  prophet  in  Beth-el  ;  and  his  *sons  came 

and  told  him  all  the  works  that  the  man  of  God  had  done  that  day  in 
Beth-el :  the  words  which  he  had  spoken  unto  the  king,  them  they 
told  also  to  their  father.  ^^  And  their  father  said  unto  them,  "  What 
way  went  he  ?  "  For  his  sons  had  seen  what  way  the  man  of  God  went, 
which  came  from  Judah.  ^^  And  he  said  unto  his  sons,  "  Saddle  me 
the  ass."  So  they  saddled  him  the  ass  ;  and  he  rode  thereon,  ^^  and 
went  after  the  man  of  God,  and  found  him  sitting  under  an  oak  ;  and 
he  said  unto  him,  "  Art  thou  the  man  of  God  that  camest  from  Judah  ?" 
And  he  said,  "I  am."  '^Then  he  said  unto  him,  ''Come  home  with 
me,  and  eat  bread."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  I  may  not  return  with  thee,  nor 
go  in  with  thee  ;  neither  will  I  eat  bread  nor  drink  water  with  thee  in 
^wa^g^'iVhTs!  4.  this  placc.  ^''  For  tit  was  said  to  me  by  the  word  of  the  Lord,  Thou 
^^'  shalt  eat  no  bread  nor  drink  water  there,  nor  turn  again  to  go  by  the 

way  that  thou  camest."  *^He  said  unto  him,  "  I  am  a  prophet  also  as 
thou  art ;  and  an  angel  spake  unto  me  by  the  word  of  the  Lord,  say- 
ing, Bring  him  back  with  thee  into  thy  house,  that  he  may  eat  bread 
and  drink  water."  But  he  lied  unto  him.  ^^  So  he  went  back  with 
him,  and  did  eat  bread  in  his  house,  and  drank  water. 

-•^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  they  sat  at  the  table,  that  the  word  of  the 
Lord  came  unto  the  prophet  that  brought  him  back.  -•  And  he  cried 
unto  the  man  of  God  that  came  from  Judah,  saying,  "  Thus  saith  the 
Lord,  Forasmuch  as  thou  hast  disobeyed  the  mouth  of  the  Lord,  and 
hast  not  kept  the  commandment  wjiich  the  Lord  thy  God  commanded 


p^^j,.,,  11.T  THE  REIGN  OF  ABIJAH.  629 

thee,  ~2  but  earnest  back,  and  hast  eaten  bread  and  drunk  water  in  the 
place,  of  the  which  tlie  Lord  did  say  to  thee,  Eat  no  bread,  and  drink 
no  water  ;  thy  carcass  shall  not  come  unto  the  sepulchre  of  thy  fathers." 
23  And'  it  came  to  pass,  after  he  had  eaten  bread,  and  after  he  had 
drunk,  that  he  saddled  for  him  the  ass,  to  wit,  for  the  prophet  whom 

,iKi.20.36.  he  had  brought  back.  -^  And  when  he  was  gone,  'a  lion  met  him  by 
the  way,  and  slew  him  :  and  his  carcass  was  cast  in  the  way,  and  the 
ass  stood  by  it,  the  lion  also  stood  by  the  carcass.  ^5  And,  behold,  men 
passed  by,  and  saw  the  carcass  cast  in  the  way,  and  the  lion  standing  by 
the  carcass  :  and  they  came  and  told  it  in  the  city  where  the  old  prophet 
dwelt.  26  And  when 'the  prophet,  that  brought  him  back  from  the  way, 
heard  thereof,  he  said,  "  It  is  the  man  of  God,  who  was  disobedient  unto 
the  word  of  the  Lord  :  therefore  the  Lord  hath  delivered  him  unto  the 

t  Heb.  broken.  Hon,  which  hath  Itoni  him,  and  slain  him,  according  to  the  word  of  the 
Lord  which  he  spake  unto  him."  ^^  And  he  spake  to  his  sons,  saying, 
"  Saddle  me  the  ass."  And  they  saddled  him.  ^s  And  he  went  and 
found  his  carcass  cast  in  the  way,  and  the  ass  and  the  lion  standing 

*  Heb.  broken,  by  the  carcass  :  the  lion  had  not  eaten  the  carcass,  nor  *torn  the  ass. 
29  And  the  prophet  took  up  the  carcass  of  the  man  of  God,  and  laid 
it  upon  the  ass,  and  brought  it  back  ;  and  the  old  prophet  came  to  the 
city,  to  mourn  and  to  bury  him.  ^o  And  he  laid  his  carcass  in  his  own 

ue.22.18.  grave;  and  they  mourned  over  him,  saying,  "Alas,  'my  brother!" 
31  And  it  came  to  pass,  after  he  had  buried  him,  that  he  spake  to  his 
sons,  saying,  "  When  I  am  dead,  then  bury  me  in  the  sepulchre  where- 

«2Ki.23.i6-i9.  in  the  man  of  God  is  buried;  "lay  my  bones  beside  his  bones:  =^2  for 
the  saying  which  he  cried  by  the  word  of  the  Lord  against  the  altar 
in  Beth-e!,  and  against  all  the  houses  of  the  high  places  which  are  m 
the  cities  of  Samaria,  shall  surely  come  to  pass." 

t,2Ch.ii.i5.  &  33  After  "this  thing  Jeroboam  returned  not  from  his  evil  way,  but 
tmade  again  of  the  lowest  of  the  people  priests  of  the  high  places : 
whosoever  would,  he  tconsecrated  him,  and  he  became  one  of  the 
priests  of  the  high  places.  ^4  And  this  thing  became  sin  unto  the  house 
of  Jeroboam,  even  to  cut  it  off,  and  to  destroy  it  from  oft  the  face  of 
the  earth. 


13.  9. 


PART  11.  PART    II. 

3  Y^Rs.  THE  REIGN  OF  ABIJAH. 

A.  M.^^3046  to  2  ^^^^^  ^...    j_y^  _2  ^^^^^^  ^^   3_8_2  Chkon.  xiii.  22.-2  Chkon.  xiv.  part  of  1.  - 
B   c    958  to  1  Kings  xv.  1, 2. 

955.  Abijah  begins  to  rei^n.     He  maketh  war  against  Jeroboam.     ^^ '>'F/^''^\*''''fi^f,    %lff  '^^^^^^^ 
Hales,  973  to  ''Trusting  in  God  he  overcometh  Jeroboam.     The  wives  and  children  of  Abijah.     His  wicked 

^^^-  reign,  and  death. 

1  NOW  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  king  Jeroboam  began  '-'Abijah  to 

reign  over  Judah.  ^  He  reigned  three  years  in  Jerusalem.     His  mother  s 

a  See  2  Oh.  u.     ^amc  also  was  "Michaiah  the  daughter  of  Uriel  of  Gibeah.     And  there 

^L.bo.n,to-    was  war  between  Abijah  and  Jeroboam.  =' And  Abijah  '^set  the  battle 

»'*""■•  in  array  with  an   army  of  valiant  men   of  war,  even  tour  hundred 

(=)  Abiiah  is  called   Abiiam.  1  Kin^rs   xv.  1  ;  his  might  have  had  her  name  '^^^"/^J^;;^"  ^'^'f  ^.^^^ 

mother  also  is  spoken   of  both    as    Maachah    and  made  qacen,  when  she   assumed     he   "ame  of  tl  e 

Micah  ;  and  his  grandfather,  by  his  mother's  side,  first  mother  of  a  '•'^"°Y"'n    r    -^  '    v  f  20       She 

is  called  both  Absalom  and  Uriel.     Sucli  changes  of  whence  she  descended.     (1   Ch  on.  vin.  2J  )     blie 

names  are  not  unfrequent  in   Scripture,  and   are  was  of  Gibeah,  the  city  of  Saul     and   it  is  very 

either  so  used  by  the   inspired  writers  purposely  to  probable,  of  the  kindred  of  Saul  ^  .^"  J  th^efore  her 

hint   something  to  us  concerning  the   person;  or  father,  who  was  properly  called  Absalom,  is  called 

else  they  were  occasioned  by  the  people,  who  fre-  Uriel,  which  name  is  very  ^"^>'=^''' \" '^\.''f  "^l'^:'; 

quently  appropriated  names  to  individuals  in  refer-  tion,  to  Ner  and   Eshbaal    men  of  the  stocl    and 

ence  to  their  characters  or  to  some  qualification  or  family  of  Saul.     There  is  therefore  no  incons.s  en 

action,  by  which  they  had  been  distinguished,  and  cy,  when  the  same  pei-sons  are  called  in  Scripture 

often  from  their  family,  or  some   person   of  their  by  different  names .-Lightfoot  s  Morhs,  vol.  i.   p. 

family  from  whom  they  descended.     Thus  Maachah  78,79. 

VOL.   I.  '^  ^ 


630  WAR  BETWEEN  JCDAH  AND  ISRAEL.         [Period  V], 

thousand  cliosen  men.     Jeroboam  also  set  the  battle  in  array  against  him 

B.  c.  957'      ^'^'^  eight  hundred  thousand  chosen  men.  being  mighty  men  of  valor. 

Hales, 972.  "'And  Abijah  stood  up  upon  Mount  Zemaraim.  which  is  in  Mount 

Ephraim.  and  said.  "  Hear  me,  thou  Jeroboam,  and  all  Israel ;  ^  ought 

*j^sa.  7. 12, 13,    ye  not  to  know  that  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  'gave  the  kingdom  over 

c  Nu.  18.  19.       Israel  to  David  for  ever,  even  to  him  and  to  his  sons  '^by  a  covenant  of 

salt  ?  ^  Yet  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  the  servant  of  Solomon  the 

son  of  David,  is  risen  up,  and   hath   rebelled  against  his  lord.  "And 

there  are  gathered  unto  him  vain  men,  the  children  of  Belial,  and  have 

strengthened  themselves  against  Rehoboam  the  son  of  Solomon,  when 

Rehoboam  was  young  and   tenderhearted,  and  could   not  withstand 

them.  ^  And  now  ye  think  to  withstand  the  kingdom  of  the  Lord  in 

the  hand  of  the  sons  of  David  ;  and  ye  be  a  great  multitude,  and  there 

"^Ho^s  6^"  ^^'      ^^^  ^^'^^'^  y^^  golden  calves,  which  Jeroboam  ''made  you  for  gods.  ^  Have 

e2Ch!ii.  14,      'ye  not  cast  out  the  priests  of  the  Lord,  the  sons  of  Aaron,  and  the 

^^"  Levites,  and   have  made  you  priests  after  the  manner  of  the  nations 

fHeb.  «o/«/'«    ^^  other  lands?  -^so  that  whosoever  cometh  tto  consecrate  himself  with 

29"1'Lr  s""    ^  young  bullock  and  seven   rams,  the  same  may  be  a  priest  of  them 

that  are  no  gods.  ^'^  But  as  for  us,  the  Lord  is  our  God,  and  we  have 

not  forsaken  him  ;  and  the  priests,  which  minister  unto  the  Lord,  are 

the   sons  of  Aaron,  and  the  Levites  wait  upon  their  business :   ^^  and 

they  burn  unto  the  Lord  every  morning  and  every  evening  burnt  sac- 

^  *"    "  '         rifices  and  sweet  incense  :   *^the  showbread  also  set  they  in  order  upon 

Le^aVa, i  "    the  pure  table;  and  the  candlestick  of  gold  with  the  lamps  thereof,  ''to 

burn  every  evening :  for  we  keep  the  charge  of  the  Lord  our  God  ; 

but  ye  have  forsaken  him.   ^^  And,  behold,  God  himself  is  with  us  for 

I  Nu.  10. 8  ^^^  Captain,  'and  his  priests  with  sounding  trumpets  to  cry  alarm  against 

^   '''       ■  you.     O  children  of  Israel !  ^fight  ye  not  against  the  Lord  God  of  your 

fathers ;   for  ye  shall  not  prosper." 

^^But  Jeroboam  caused  an  ambushment  to  come  about  behind  them  ; 
so  they  were  before  Judah.  and  the  ambushment  was  behind  them. 
^'*And  when  Judah  looked  back,  behold,  the  battle  was  before  and 
behind  ;  and  they  cried  unto  the  Lord,  and  the  priests  sounded  with 
the  trumpets.  ^^  Then  the  men  of  Judah  gave  a  shout ;  and  as  the 
men  of  Judah  shouted,  it  came  to  pass,  that  God  smote  Jeroboam  and 
all  Israel  before  Abijah  and  Judah.  '''And  the  children  of  Israel  fled 
before  Judah  ;  and  God  delivered  them  into  their  hand.  '"  And  Abijah 
and  his  people  slew  them  with  a  great  slaughter ;  so  there  fell  dow^n 
slain  of  Israel  five  hundred  thousand  chosen  men.  '®Thus  the  children 
of  Israel  were  brought  under  at  that  time,  and  the  children  of  Judah 
22. 5'.' "'~'  ^"  prevailed, ''because  they  relied  upon  the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers. 
'^  And  Abijah  pursued  after  Jeroboam,  and  took  cities  from  him.  Beth- 
el with  the  towns  thereof,  and  Jeshanah  with  the  towns  thereof,  and 
'Ephraim  with  the  towns  thereof.  ^^  Neither  did  Jeroboam  recover 
strength  again  in  the  days  of  Abijah :  and  the  Lord  struck  him, 
and  he  died. 

-'  But  Abijah  waxed  mighty,  and  married  fourteen  wives,  and  begat 

twenty  and  two  sons,  and  sixteen  daughters.  ^  And  he  walked       1  Kings 

in  all  the  sins  of  his  father,  which  he  had  done  before  him  ;       ^^-  3-8. 

and  his  heart  was  not  perfect  with  the  Lord  his  God.  as  the  heart  of 

"fi. ach.'ii.V.    David  his  father.  ''Nevertheless  '"for  David's  sake  did  the  Lord  his 

tOi,^^ndie.iK\.  Qf)f\  fr\\c  him  a  tlamp  in  Jerusalem,  to  set  up  his  son  after  him.  and  to 

establish  Jerusalem;  ^because  David   did   (hot  tvhich  was  right  in  the 

\i2.'9. '  '    '   eyes  of  the  Lord,  and  turned  not  aside  from   any  thing  that  he  com- 

Vf  ReiTo'boam"^^  maudcd  him  all  the  days  of  his  life,  "save  only  in  the  matter  of  Uriah 

viz.  Abijah.—     the  Ilittite.  ''And  there  was  war  between  ^Rehoboam  and  Jeroboam  all 

the  days  of  his  life.  '''  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Abijam,  and  all  that 


Part  III.] 


REIGN  OF  ASA. 


631 


<•  Or, Commcntar 


0  9  Ch.  13.  2. 

Mic/iaia    the 
duughlcr    of 
Uriel. 
y9Cli.  11.21, 
Jibsalom. 


he  did,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Cluonicles  of  the  Kino-s 
of  Judah  ?  And  there  was  war  between  Abijam  and  Jeroboam.  ®  And 
Abijam  slept  with  his  fathers  ;  and  they  buried  him  in  the  city  of 
David :  and  Asa  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

-^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Abijah,  and  his  ways,  and  2  Chron.  xm. 
his  sayings,  are  written  in  the  tStory  of  the  prophet  Iddo.*^'  ^^' 

^  So  Abijah  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  they  buried  him  ^  Chron.  xiv. 
in  the  city  of  David  ;  and  Asa  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead.  ^'^'^  <'/»«'••  i- 

1  Kings  xv.  1,  2. — '  Now  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  king  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat 
reigned  Abijam  over  Judah.  ^  Three  years  reigned  he  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's 
name  was  "Maachah,  the  daughter  of  ^Abishalom. 


'^''_'''-  PART    III  .—Portion  I. 

A.^inlmg^o  REIGN   OF   ASA,   THE   THIRD  KING   OF   JUDAH.(^) 

3090. 
B.  c.  955  to      1  Kings  xv.  9-11.-2  Chron.  xiv.  3.— 1  Kings  xv.  12-15.— 2  Chron.  xiv.  4-6,  part  ofl, 
914.  and  7,  to  the  end,  xv.  1-15,  18,  19.-1  Kings  xv.  16-22.— 2  Chron.  xvi.7,  to  the  end.— 

Hales,  970  to  1  KiNGs  XV.  23,  24.-2  Chron.  xiv.  2.  and  xv.  16, 17,  and  xvi.  1-6. 

929. 

Asa's  crood  reign.     He  destroyeth  idolatry.     Having  peace  he  strengtheneth  his  kingdom  with  forts 

and  armies.  Calling  on  God,  he  overthrotveth  Zerah,  and  spoileth  the  Ethiopians.  Asa,  with 
Judah,  and  mMmj  of  Israel,  moved  by  the  prophecy  ofAzariak  the  son  ofOded,  niake  a  solemn  cov- 
enant with  God.  He  bringeth  dedicate  things  into  the  house  of  God,  and  enjoyeth  a  long  peace. 
The  war  between  Baasha  and  him  causeth  him.  to  make  a  league  with  Ben-hadad.  Being  reproved 
thereof  by  Hanani,  he  putteth  him  inprison.  Among  his  other  ads  in  his  disease  he  seeketh  not  to 
God  but  to  the  physiciatis.     His  death  and  burial. 

^  AND  in  the  twentieth  year  of  Jeroboam  king  of  Israel  reigned  Asa 
over  Judah.  ^°  And  forty  and  one  years  reigned  he  in  Jerusalem.  And 
his  *mother's  name  was  Maachah,  the  daughter  of  Abishalom.  ^^  And 
Asa  did  that  which  tvas  right  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord,  as  did  David  his 
father;  ^  for  he  took  away  the  altars  of  the  strange  gods,  2  Chron, 
and  the  high  places,  and  brake  down  the  f images,  and  cut  ^iv.  3. 
down  the  groves  ;  ^~and  he  took  away  the  sodomites  out  of  i  Kings  xv. 
the  land,  and  removed  all  the  idols  that  his  fathers  had  made.  1^-15. 
^^  And  also  Maachah  his  mother,  even  her  he  removed  from  being 
queen,  because  she  had  made  an  idol  in  a  grove  ;  and  Asa  tdestroyed 
her  idol,  and  "burnt  it  by  the  brook  Kidron.  ^''But  the  high  places 
were  not  removed :  nevertheless  Asa's  heart  was  perfect  with  the 
Lord  all  his  days.  ^^  And  he  brought  in  the  *things  which  his  father 
had  dedicated,  and  the  things  which  himself  had  dedicated,  into  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  silver,  and  gold,  and  vessels;  ^and  commanded 
Judah  to  seek  the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers,  and  to 
do  the  law  and  the  commandment.  ^  Also  he  took  away 
out  of  all  the  cities  of  Judah  the  high  places  and  the 
f images:  and  the  kingdom  was  quiet  before  him. 

^  And  he  built  fenced  cities  in  Judah:  for  the  land  had  rest,  and  he 
had  no  war  in  those  years  ;  because  the  Lord  had  given  him  rest :  ^  in 
his  days  the  land  was  quiet  ten  years.  ^  Therefore  he  said  unto  Judah, 
"  J^et  us  build  these  cities,  and  make  about  them  walls,  and  towers,  gates, 


*  That  is,  crriind- 
mothcr's.  1  Ki. 

15.  a. 


t  Heb.  statues. 


t  Heb.  cut  off. 
a  So  Ex.  32.  20. 


Heb.  holy. 


f  Heb.  sMji 
imaff-es. 


2  Chron.  xiv. 
4-6,  part  ofver. 
1 ,  and  7,  to  end. 


(^)  This  part  has  no  second  portion  ;  because  the 
only  event,  in  the  reiorn  of  Jeroboam,  contemporary 
with  the  reitrn  of  Abijah,  which  is  related  in  Scrip- 
ture, was  the  battle  which  took  place  between  the 
armies  of  their  respective  kingdoms  ;  and  this  event 
is  necessarily  related  in  the  history  of  the  king  of 
Judah. 

(■*)  Asa  began  his  reign  in  the  twentieth  year  of 
.Teroboam  It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  the  three 
years  of  Abijah,  were  years  current  ;  for  Abijah 
began  to  reign  in  the  eio-hteenth  year  of  Jeroboam. 
The  reigns  indeed  of  all  the  kings  (according  to  the 
popular  mode  of  computation  in  the  East)  are  com- 


puted in  current  time.  Thus  the  reign  of  Zede- 
kiah  in  said  to  have  been  eleven  years;  it  was  in 
fact  merely  ten  years,  four  months,  and  eight  days. 
It  is  usual  in  Scripture,  to  put  the  whole  for  a  part, 
even  when  days  only  are  computed.  Thus  our 
Saviour  is  said  to  have  remained  in  the  grave  three 
days  and  three  nights.  It  is  well  known,  that  he 
was  confined  in  the  sepulchre  one  whole  day,  and 
a  comparatively  small  space  of  the  two  other  days. 
— Vide  Bp.  Patrick  in  loc. ;  the  Tables  of  the  Kings 
of  Judah  and  Israel  at  the  end  of  Whiston's  Chro- 
nology; and  Hales's  Analysis,  vol.  ii.  p.  408. 


632 


ASA  MAKES  A  COVENANT  WITH  GOD. 


[Period  VI. 


i  Ex.  U.  10.  Ps. 
22  5. 

c  I  Sa.  14.  G. 


d  1  Sa.  IT.  4; 

Pr.  IS.  10. 
}:  Or,  mortal  i 


/Nu.  24.  2.  Ju. 

3.  10. 
t  Heb.  bef(rre 

Asa. 
g  Ja.  4.  8. 
h  1  Cli.  28.  9. 

Je.  29.  13.  Milt. 

7.7. 
2  Ho.  3.  4. 
jLe.  10.  11. 
k  De.  4.  29. 

i  Ju.  5.  6. 


J  IJeb.  beaten  in 
pieces.  -Mat.  24. 
7. 


t  Heb.  in  that  day. 


m2Ki.  23.  3. 

2Ch.  34.  31. 

Neh.  10.  29. 
n  Ex.  22.  20. 
0  De.  13.  5,  9,  15. 


and  bars,  while  the  land  is  yet  before  u.s  ;  because  we  have  sought  the 
Lord  our  God,  we  have  sought  him,  and  he  hath  given  us  rest  on  every 
side."  So  they  built  and  prospered.  *^And  Asa  had  an  army  of  men 
that  bare  targets  and  spears,  out  of  Judah  three  hundred  thousand ; 
and  out  of  Benjamin,  that  bare  shields  and  drew  bows,  two  hundred 
and  fourscore  thousand  :   all  these  were  mighty  men  of  valor. 

^  And  there  came  out  against  them  Zerah  the  Ethiopian  witli  a  host 
of  a  thousand  thousand,  and  three  hundred  chariots:  and  came  unto 
Mareshah.  ^"  Then  Asa  went  out  against  him,  and  they  set  the  battle 
in  array  in  the  valley  of  Zephathah  at  Mareshah.  ^'  And  Asa  'cried 
unto  the  Lord  his  God,  and  said,  "  Lord,  it  is  "nothing  with  thee  to 
help,  whether  with  many,  or  with  them  that  have  no  power  :  help  us, 
O  Lord  our  God  !  for  we  rest  on  thee,  and  ''in  thy  name  we  go  against 
this  multitude.  O  Lord,  thou  art  our  God  ;  let  not  tman  prevail 
against  thee."  ^'~  So  the  Lord  smote  the  Ethiopians  before  Asa,  and 
before  Judah  ;  and  the  Ethiopians  fled.  ^^  And  Asa  and  the  people  that 
were  with  him  pursued  them  unto  Gerar :  and  the  Ethiopians  were 
overthrown,  that  they  could  not  recover  themselves  ;  for  they  were 
*destroyed  before  the  Lord,  and  before  his  host,  and  they  carried  away 
very  much  spoil.  ^'*  And  they  smote  all  the  cities  round  about  Gerar, 
for  ^the  fear  of  the  Lord  came  upon  them  ;  and  they  spoiled  all  the 
cities,  for  there  was  exceeding  much  spoil  in  them.  ^^They  smote  also 
the  tents  of  cattle,  and  carried  away  sheep  and  camels  in  abundance, 
and  returned  to  Jerusalem. 

^  And  ^the  Spirit  of  God  came  upon  Azariah  the  son  of^CnRON.xv. 
Oded.  ^  And  he  went  out  ito  meet  Asa,  and  said  unto  him,  ~  ' '  ' 
"  Hear  ye  me,  Asa,  and  all  Judah  and  Benjamin  !  ^The  Lord  is  with 
you,  while  ye  be  with  him  ;  ''and  if  ye  seek  him,  he  will  be  found  of 
you  ;  but  if  ye  forsake  him,  he  will  forsake  you.  ^  Now  'for  a  long 
season  Israel  hath  been  without  the  true  God,  and  without  ^a  teaching 
priest,  and  without  law.  '*  But  ''when  they  in  their  trouble  did  turn  unto 
the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  and  sought  him,  he  was  found  of  them.  ^  And 
'in  those  times  there  was  no  peace  to  him  that  went  out,  nor  to  him 
that  came  in,  but  great  ve.xations  were  upon  all  the  inhabitants  of  the 
countries.  ^And  nation  was  Idestroyed  of  nation,  and  city  of  city;  for 
God  did  vex  them  with  all  adversity.  ''  Be  ye  strong  therefore,  and  let 
not  your  hands  be  weak;  for  your  work  shall  be  rewarded."  ^  And 
when  Asa  heard  these  words,  and  the  prophecy  of  Oded  the  prophet, 
he  took  courage,  and  put  away  the  *abominable  idols  out  of  all  the 
land  of  Judah  and  Benjamin,  and  out  of  the  cities  which  he  had  taken 
from  Mount  Ephraim,  and  renewed  the  altar  of  the  Lord,  that  was 
before  the  porch  of  the  Lord.  ^  And  he  gathered  all  Judah  and  Benja- 
min, and  the  strangers  with  them  out  of  Ephraim  and  Manassch,  and 
out  of  Simeon  ;  for  they  fell  to  him  out  of  Israel  in  abundance,  when 
they  saw  that  the  Lord  his  God  was  with  him.  ^^  So  they  gathered 
themselves  together  at  Jerusalem  in  the  third  month,  in  the  fifteenth 
year  of  the  reign  of  Asa.  ^^  And  they  offered  unto  the  J.,ord  tthe  same 
time,  of  the  spoil  which  they  had  brought,  seven  hundred  oxen  and 
seven  thousand  sheep.  ^~  And  they  '"entered  into  a  covenant  to  seek  the 
Lord  God  of  their  fathers  with  all  their  heart  and  with  all  their  soul ; 
^^  that  "whosoever  would  not  seek  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  "should  be  put 
to  death,  whether  small  or  great,  whether  man  or  woman.  ^"^  And  they 
sware  unto  the  Lord  with  a  loud  voice,  and  with  shouting,  and  with 
trumpets,  and  with  cornets.  ^^And  all  Judah  rejoiced  at  the  oath  ;  for 
they  had  sworn  with  all  their  heart,  and  sought  him  with  their  whole 
desire,  and  he  was  found  of  them :  and  the  Lord  gave  them  rest  round 
about. 


Part  III.] 


THE  DEATH  OF  ASA. 


633 


A. 
B. 

M. 
C. 

3063. 
941. 

H^ 

.LES 

i,  940. 

,|ee 

1  Ki.  12. 

I  Heb.  go  up. 


Heb./re«. 


ol3.  31.  1. 
Je.  17.  5. 


t  Heb.  in  abun- 
dance. 


r  See  Job  34.  21. 

X  Or,  strongly  to 
hold  with  them, 
&c.  SeeGe.  31. 

28. 


s2Ch.  18.26.Je. 
20.  2.  Mat.  14. 


*  Heb.  crushed. 


t  Heb.  digged. 

u  Ge.50.  2.  Ma. 

16.  1.  John  19. 

39,  40. 
V  Je.  34.  5. 


10  Mat.  1.  8, 
called  Josaphat 


is,  trrand- 
;  1  Ki.  15, 


15  And  he  brought  into  the  house  of  God  the  things  that  his  father 
had  dedicated,  and  that  he  himself  had  dedicated,  silver,  and  gold, 
and  vessels.  ^^  And  there  was  no  more  war  unto  the  five  and  thirtieth 
year  of  the  reign  of  Asa.  r     i  ir 

16  And  there  was  war  between  Asa  and  Baasha  king  ot  a  ^|J^|^^^- 
Israel  all  their  days.  ^^  And  Baasha  king  of  Israel  went  up 

ao-ainst  Judah,  and  built  Ramah,  ^that  he  might  not  suflTer  any  to  go 
oSt  or  come  in  to  Asa  king  of  Judah.  '^  Then  Asa  took  all  the  silver 
and  the  ookl  that  were  left  in  the  treasures  of  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
and  the  treasures  of  the  king's  house,  and  dehvered  them  into  the  hand 
of  his  servants  ;  and  king  Asa  sent  them  to  Ben-hadad,  the  son  of 
Tabrimon.  the  son  of  Hezion,  king  of  Syria,  that  dwelt  at  Damascus, 
sayino-,  i^'-' There  is  a  league  between  me  and  thee,  and  between  my 
father'and  thy  father:  behold,  I  have  sent  unto  thee  a  present  of  silver 
and  gold ;  come  and  break  thy  league  witli  Baasha  king  of  Israel,  that 
he  may  tdepart  from  me."  ~«  So  Ben-hadad  hearkened  unto  king  Asa 
and  sent  the  captains  of  the  hosts  which  he  had  against  the  cities^of 
Israel  and  smote  Ijon,  and  Dan,  and  Abel-beth-maachah,  and  all  Cin- 
neroth,  with  all  the  land  of  Naphtali.  ~'  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
Baasha  heard  thereof,  that  he  left  off  building  of  Ramah,  and  dwelt  in 
Tirzah.  ^^  Tlien  king  Asa  made  a  proclamation  throughout  all  Judah, 
none  was  *exempted ;  and  they  took  away  the  stones  of  Ramah,  and 
the  timber  thereof,  wherewith  Baasha  had  builded,  and  king  Asa  built 
with  them  Geba  of  Benjamin,  and  Mizpah. 

'And  at  that  time  Hanani  the  seer  came  to  Asa  kmg  of  ^^.  ^"^J^J;^ 
Judah,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Because  'thou  hast  relied  on  the 
kin^  of  Syria,  and  not  relied  on  the  Lord  thy  God,  therefore  is  the 
host  of  the  king  of  Syria  escaped  out  of  thy  hand.  «  Were  not  the 
Ethiopians  and  the  Lubims  ta  huge  host,  with  very  many  chariots  and 
horsemen  ?  yet,  because  thou  didst  rely  on  the  Lord,  he  delivered  them 
into  thy  hand.  ^  For  ^the  eyes  of  the  Lord  run  to  and  fro  throughout  the 
whole  earth,  tto  show  himself  strong  in  the  behalf  of  them  whose  heart 
is  perfect  toward  him.  Herein  thou  hast  done  foolishly  :  therefore  from 
henceforth  thou  shalt  have  wars."  ''  Then  Asa  was  wroth  with  the  seer, 
and  'put  him  in  a  prison  house ;  for  he  was  in  a  rage  with  him  because 
of  this  thino-.  And  Asa  *oppressed  some  of  the  people  the  same  time. 
11  And  behold,  the  acts  of  Asa,  first  and  last,  lo,  they  are  written 
in  the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  and  Israel,  i^  And  Asa  in  the  thirty 
and  ninth  year  of  his  reign  was  disea.sed  in  his  feet,  until  his  disease 
was  exceeding  great ;  yet  in  his  disease  he 
but  to  the  physicians. 

13  And  Asa  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  died  in 
year  of  his  rei-m.  i^  And  they  buried  him  in  his  own  sepulchres,  which 
he  had  tmade'for  himself  in  the  city  of  David,  and  laid  him  in  the  bed 
which  was  filled  "with  sweet  odors  and  divers  kinds  of  spices  prepared 
by  the  apothecaries'  art ;  and  they  made  "a  very  great  burning  for  him. 

1  Kings  xv  23  24.—^  The  rest  of  all  the  acts  of  Asa,  and  all  his  might,  and  all  that 
he  did.  and  the  cities  which  he  built,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles 
of  theKino-s  of  Judah?  Nevertheless  in  the  time  of  his  old  age  he  was  diseased  m  his 
feet.  24  And  Asa  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David 
his  father  :  and  -Jehoshaphat  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Chron.  xiv.  2.— And  Asa  did  that  which  wtis  good  and  right  m  the  eyes  of  the  Lord 
his  God. 

2  Cheon  XV  16,  17.—'*  And  also  concerning  Maachah  the  jmother  of  Asa  the  king, 
he  removed  her  from  being  queen,  because  she  had  made  *an  idol  in  a  grove ;  and  Asa 
cut  down  her  idol,  and  stamped  it,  and  burnt  it  at  the  brook  Kidron.  '^  But  the  high 
places  were  not  taken  away  out  of  Israel :  nevertheless  the  heart  of  Asa  was  perfect  all 
his  days. 

[  80 


'sought  not  to  the  Lord, 
the  one  and  fortieth 


2r  = 


634 


DEATH  OF  JEROBOAM  AND  fflS  SON. 


[Period  VL 


""ir'oftli'rTtn'''        ^  Chron.  xvi.  l-C— >  In  tlie  six  and  thirtieth  year  ''of  the  reign  of  Asa  Baaslia  king 

'J'ribes  from  of  Israel  came  up  against  Judah,  and  built  Raniah,  to  the  intent  that  he  might  let  none 

tlilch'A"^'         go  out  or  come  in  to  Asa  king  of  Judah.  -Then  Asa  brought  out  silver  and  gold  out  of 

now  king.  tile  treasures  of  the  house  of  the  Lord  and  of  the  king's  house,  and  sent  to  Ben-hadad 

1  Heb.  Darmeaek.    king  of  Syria,  that  dwelt  at  1  Damascus,  saj'ing,  •'••There  is  a  league  between  me  and 

thee,  as  there  was  between  my  father  and  thy  father  :  behold,  I  have  sent  thee  silver  and 

gold  ;  go,  break  thy  league  with  Baasha  king  of  Israel,  that  lie  may  depart  from  me." 

I  FJth.  1chic^  *  ^^^  Ben-hadad  hearkened  unto  king  Asa,  and  sent  the  captains  of  jhis  armies  against 

were  his.  the  cities  of  Israel  ;  and  they  smote  Ijon,  and  Dan,  and  Abel-maim,  and  all  the  store  cities 

of  Naphtali.  ">  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Baasha  heard  it,  that  ho  left  off  building  of 

Rauiah,  and  let  his  work  cease.  "^Then  Asa  the  king  took  all  Judah;  and  they  carried 

away  the  stones  of  Ramah,  and  the  timber  thereof,  wherewith  Baasha  was  building,  and 

he  built  therewith  Geba  and  Mizpah. 


PORTION  lU 

A.  M.  3049. 
B.  C.  955. 
Hales,  968. 


Part  III. 


II. 


alKi.  11.  31. 

•  Heb.  in  thy 
hand. 

t  Or,  cakes, 
t  Or,  bottle. 


*  Heb.  stood  foi 
his  Itoariiiess. 


t  Heb.  hard. 

b  See  2  Sa.  12.  7, 


c  Neh.  9.  26.  Ps. 

50.  17.  Ez.  23. 

33. 
d  1  Ki.-21.21. 

2  Ki.  9.  8. 
eDe.3-2.3(i.  2Ki. 

14.  26. 


^■2Ch.  12.  12.  Sl 
19.3. 


EVENTS   IN   THE   KINGDOM   OF  ISRAEL,   CONTEMPORARY  WITH  THE 
REIGN   OF   ASA,  KING    OF   JUDAH. 

Section  I. — Death  of  Jeroboam  and  his  So7i. 
1  Kings  xiv.  1-20. 
Abijah  being;  sick,  Jeroboam  sendeth  his  wife  disguised  tnth  presents  to  the  prophet  Ahifah  at  Shiloh. 
5  Ahijah,  forewarned  by  God,  denounceth  God's  judgments.     17  Abijali  dieth,  mid  is  buried.     li> 
Nadah  succeedelh  Jeroboam. 

^  At  that  time  Abijah  the  son  of  Jeroboam  fell  sick.  ^  And  Jerobo- 
am said  to  his  wife,  "  Arise,  I  pray  thee,  and  disguise  thyself,  that 
thou  be  not  known  to  be  the  wife  of  Jeroboam  ;  and  get  thee  to  Shi- 
loh :  behold,  there  is  Ahijah  the  prophet,  which  told  me  that  °l  should 
be  king  over  this  people.  ^  And  take  *with  thee  ten  loaves,  and  tcrack- 
nels,  and  a  tcruse  of  honey,  and  go  to  him  ;  he  shall  tell  thee  what 
shall  become  of  the  child."  "^And  Jeroboam's  wife  did  so,  and  arose, 
and  went  to  Shiloh,  and  came  to  the  house  of  Ahijah.  But  Ahijah 
could  not  see,  for  his  eyes  *were  set  by  reason  of  his  age. 

^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Ahijah,  "  Behold  '.  the  wife  of  Jeroboam 
cometh  to  ask  a  thing  of  thee  for  her  son,  for  he  is  sick  :  thus  and  thus 
shall  thou  say  unto  her  ;  for  it  shall  be,  when  she  cometh  in,  that  ^^Jle 
shall  feign  herself  to  be  anf)ther  wouian."  ^  And  it  was  so,  when  Ahi- 
jah heard  the  sound  of  her  feet,  as  she  came  in  at  the  door,  that  he 
said,  "Come  in,  thou  wife  of  Jeroboam,  why  feignest  thou  thyself  to 
be  another  ?  for  I  am  sent  to  thee  with  theavy  tidings.  ''  Go,  tell  Jero- 
boam, Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  ''Forasmuch  as  I  exalted 
thee  from  among  the  people,  and  made  thee  prince  over  my  people 
Israel,  ^and  rent  the  kingdom  away  from  the  house  of  David,  and  gave 
it  thee;  and  yet  thou  hast  not  been  as  my  servant  David,  who  kept  my 
commandments,  and  who  followed  me  with  all  his  heart,  to  do  that 
only  which  was  right  in  mine  eyes  ;  ^  but  hast  done  evil  above  all  that 
were  before  thee,  for  thou  hast  gone  and  made  thee  other  gods,  and 
molten  images,  to  provoke  me  to  anger,  and  "^hast  cast  me  behind  thy 
back  :  '°  therefore,  behold,  I  will  bring  evil  upon  the  house  of  Jerobo- 
am, and  ''will  cut  off  from  Jeroboam  him  that  pisseth  against  the  wall, 
"and  him  that  is  shut  up  and  left  in  Israel,  and  will  takeaway  the  rem- 
nant of  the  house  of  Jeroboam,  as  a  man  takcth  away  dung,  till  it  be 
all  none.  ^^  Him  -^that  dictli  of  Jeroboam  in  the  city  shall  the  dogs  eat, 
and  him  that  dietji  in  the  field  shall  the  fowls  of  the  air  cat :  for  the 
Lord  hath  spoken  it.  ^^  Arise  thou  therefore,  get  thee  to  thine 
own  house  :  and  when  thy  feet  enter  into  the  city,  the  child  shall  die. 
^^  And  all  Israel  shall  mourn  for  him,  and  bury  him  ;  for  he  only  of 
Jeroboam  s'lall  come  to  the  grave,  because  in  him  ^thcre  is  found  some 
good  thing  toward  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  in  the  house  of  Jeroboam. 
^•'  Moreover  the  Lord  shall  raise  him  up  a  king  over  Israel,  who  shall 
cut  olFthe  house  of  Jeroboam  that  day — but  what?  even  now.  ^"^  For 


Part  III.] 


THE  REIGNS  OF  NADAB  AND  BAASHA. 


635 


A  2  Ki.  17.  C. 
52.5. 

i  Ex.  34.  13. 


J  Heb.  lay  down, 


the  Lord  shall  smite  Israel,  as  a  reed  is  shaken  in  the  water,  and  he 
^^-  shall  ''root  up  Israel  out  of  this  good  land,  which  he  gave  to  their 
fathers,  and  shall  scatter  them  beyond  the  river,  "because  they  have 
made  their  groves,  provoking  the  Lord  to  anger.  ^'^  And  he  shall  give 
Israel  up  because  of  the  sins  of  Jeroboam,  who  did  sin,  and  who  made 
Israel  to  sin." 

^^  And  Jeroboam's  wife  arose,  and  departed,  and  came  to  Tirzah : 
and  when  she  came  to  the  threshold  of  the  door,  the  child  died  ;  ^^and 
they  buried  him  ;  and  all  Israel  mourned  for  him,  according  to  the 
word  of  the  Lord,  which  he  spake  by  the  hand  of  his  servant  Ahijah 
the  prophet. 

^^And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jeroboam,  how  he  warred,  and  how 
he  reigned,  behold,  they  are  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles 
of  the  Kings  of  Israel.  ^^^  And  the  days  which  Jeroboam  reigned 
were  two  and  twenty  years:  and  he  tslept  with  his  fathers,  and 
Nadab  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 


A.  M.  3049. 
B.  C.  955. 
Hales,  968, 

*  Heb.  reig^ied. 


Nadah's  wicked  : 


Section  II. —  The  Reign  of  Nadab. ^^^ 

1  Kings  xv.  25-31. 

27  Baasha,  conspinng  against  him,  executeth  Ahijah's  prophecy.     Nadah's 
acts  and  death. 

2^  And  Nadab  the  son  of  Jeroboam  *began  to  reign  over  Israel  in 
the  second  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah,  and  reigned  over  Israel  two 
years.  ^^  And  he  did  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  walked  in  the 
way  of  his  father,  and  in  his  sin  wherewith  he  made  Israel  to  sin. 

2^  And  Baasha  the  son  of  Ahijah,  of  the  house  of  Issachar,  conspired 
against  him  ;  and  Baasha  smote  him  at  Gibbethon,  which  belonged  to 
the  Philistines,  for  Nadab  and  all  Israel  laid  siege  to  Gibbethon. 
28  Even  in  the  third  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah  did  Baasha  slay 
him,  and  reigned  in  his  stead.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he 
reigned,  that  he  smote  all  the  house  of  Jeroboam  ;  he  left  not  to  Jero- 
boam any  that  breathed,  until  he  had  destroyed  him,  according  unto 
the  saying  of  the  Lord,  which  he  spake  by  his  servant  Ahijah  the 
Shilonite  :  ^^  because  of  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  which  he  sinned,  and 
which  he  made  Israel  sin,  by  his  provocation  wherewith  he  provoked 
the  Lord  God  of  Israel  to  anger. 

3^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Nadab,  and  all  that  he  did,  are  they 
not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ? 

Section  III. — Reign  of  Baasha.'^^ 
1  Kings  xv.  32,  to  the  end,  and  xvi.  1-7. 

Baasha's  wicked  reign.     Jehu's  prnpltecij  against  Iiim.     His  death. 

32  And  there  was  war  between  Asa  and  Baasha  king  of  Israel  all 

their  days.  ^^  In  the  third  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah  began  Baasha  the 

son  of  Ahijah  to  reign  over  all  Israel  in  Tirzah,  twenty  and  four  years. 

\lu:^^.&u^'  ^■^  A"d  Jie  clid  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  walked  in  "the  way 

ic.  of  Jeroboam,  and  in  his  sin  wherewith  he  made  Israel  to  sin. 

^  Then  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Jehu  the  son    i  Kings  xvi.  1-7. 


A.  M.  3061. 
B.  C.  953. 
Hales,  966. 


(^)  Nadab  reigned  in  the  second,  and  was  killed 
in  the  third  year  of  Asa.  But  Jeroboam,  his  father, 
reigned  twenty-two  years,  and  Asa  began  to  reign 
in  the  twentieth  year  of  Jeroboam.  Nadab  there- 
fore was  made  king  in  his  father's  life  ;  and  died  in 
the  same  year  as  his  son.  It  is  necessary  to  ob- 
serve these  points ;  as  the  chronology  otherwise 
appears  confiised. 

(*')  Baasha  began  to  reign  in  the  third  year  of 
Asa  ;  and  he  reigned  twenty-four  years.  He  died 
therefore  in  the  twentj'-seventh  3'ear  of  Asa;  yet 
we  read  (2  Chron.  xvi.  1.)  in  the  thirty-sixth  year 
of  the  reign  of  Asa,  Baasha  came  up  against  Asa  : 
when  he   must  have  been   dead  morethan  eight 


years.  Dr.  Hales  solves  this  apparent  difficulty  by 
proposing  an  alteration  in  the  text:  the  Masorite 
text,  he  observes,  corruptly  reads  in  the  thirty-fiflh 
year.  Lightfoot,  however,  vv'ho  on  all  occasions 
shows  a  laudable  anxiety  to  maintain  the  text  in  its 
present  form,  and  to  prevent  any  needless  altera- 
tion, says,  that  the  word  niDSo  is  not  to  be  under- 
stood of  Asa's  reign,  but  of  the  kingdom  of  Asa,  as 
distinct  from  the  kingdom  of  Israel.  And  if  the 
reader  will  calculate,  he  will  find  that  the  year  in 
which  Baasha  built  Ramah,  and  invaded  Judah, 
was  the  thirty-sixth  year  from  the  division  of  the 
kingdoms. — llales'sMnal.  vol.  ii.  p.  417. — Lightfoot 
in  loo. 


63G  THE  REIGNS  OF  ELAH  AND  ZIMRI.  [Period  VI. 

of  Hanani  against  Baasha,  saying,  ~  "  Forasmuch  as  I  exalted  thee  out 
of  the  dust,  and  made  thee  prince  over  my  people  Israel,  and  thou 
hast  walked  in  tiie  way  of  Jeroboam,  and  hast  made  my  people  Israel 
to  sin,  to  provoke  me  to  anger  with  their  sins  ;  ^  behold,  I  will  take 
away  the  posterity  of  Baasha,  and  the  posterity  of  his  house,  and  will 
jiKi.  14. 10.  &  make  thy  house  like  Hhe  house  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat.  ^Hiin 
£iKi.  14.11.  that  dieth  of  Baasha  in  the  city  shall  the  dogs  eat;  and  him  that 
dieth  of  his  in  the  fields  shall  the  fowls  of  the  air  eat." 

^Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Baasha,  and  what  he  did,  and  his 
<i2Ch.  16.1.  might,  ''are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings 
of  Israel  ?  '^  So  Baasha  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried  in  Tir- 
zah  :  and  Elah  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead.  "  And  also  by  the  hand  of 
the  prophet  Jehu  the  son  of  Hanani  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  against 
Baasha,  and  against  his  house,  even  for  all  the  evil  tliat  he  did  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord,  in  provoking  him  to  anger  with  the  work  of  his  hands, 
in  being  like  the  house  of  Jeroboam  ;  and  because  'he  killed  him. 

Section  lY .—  The  Reign  of  Elah. 

1  Kings  xvi.  8-14. 

Elah  succeeds  his  father  Baasha.     Zimri,  con-ipirine;  against  him,  executes  Jehu's  prophecy,  by 

slaijing  Elah  and  all  liaasha's  Jamil ii. 

®  In  the  twenty  and  sixth  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah  began  Elah 
the  son  of  Baasha  to  reign  over  Israel  in  Tirzah,  two  years.  ^  And  "his 
servant  Zirnri,  captain  of  half  his  chariots,  conspired  against  him,  as  he 
*^Heb.  xohich  was  ^^.^^  jj^  Tirzah,  drinking  himself  drunk  in  the  house  of  Arza  *steward 
of  his  house  in  Tirzah.  ^^  And  Zimri  went  in  and  smote  him,  and 
killed  him,  in  the  twenty  and  seventh  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah,  and 
reigned  in  his  stead. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  he  began  to  reign,  as  soon  as  he  sat 
on  his  throne,  that  he  slew  all  the  house  of  Baasha :  he  left  him  not  one 
'^ki^mma^his    that  pisscth  agaiust  a  wall,  tneither  of  his  kinsfolks,  nor  of   his  friends. 
frietuis.  12  fhug  (jj^j  Zimri  destroy  all  the  house  of  Baasha,  according  to  the 

X  Heb.  by  the       word  of  the  LoRD,  which  he  spake  against  Baasha  Iby  Jehu  the  prophet, 
hand  of.  13 1-^^  ^jj  ^j^^  ^j^^^  ^^  Baasha,  and  the  sins  of  Elah  his  son,  by  which  they 

sinned,  and  by  which  tiiey  made  Israel  to  sin,  in  provoking  the  Lord 
6De.32.2i.  isa.  God  of  Israel  to  anger  'with  their  vanities.  ^**  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts 
Jonah  2.  s'.  1  Co.'  of  Elah,  and  all  that  he  did,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the 


e  1  Ki.  15 
See  Ho. 

.  27,  29. 
1.4. 

SECT 

.  IV. 

A.  M. 

3074. 

B.  C. 

930. 

HiLES, 

,943. 

a  2  Ki.  9. 

31. 

10.  19. 


Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ? 


SECT.  v.  Section  V. —  T7ie  Reign  of  Zimri. 

•   ,.  1  Kings  xvi.  15-22. 

A.  M.  3075. 

B.  C.  929.  Omri,  made  king  htj  tlie  soldiers,  forceth  Zimri  desperately  to  burn  himself .      Tlie  kingdom  being 
Hales  942  divided,  Omri  prevailelh  against  Tibni. 

—  ^-^  In  the  twenty  and  seventh  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah  did  Zimri 

reign  seven  days  in  Tirzah.  And  the  people  were  encamped  against 
Gibbethon,  which  belonged  to  the  Philistines.  '^  And  the  people  that 
were  encamped  heard  say,  "  Zimri  hath  conspired,  and  hath  also  slain  the 
king :  "  wherefore  all  Israel  made  Omri,  the  captain  of  the  host,  king 
over  Israel  that  day  in  the  camp.  '^  And  Omri  Avont  up  from  Gibbe- 
thon, and  all  Israel  with  him,  and  they  besieged  Tirzah.  ^*  And  it  came 
to  pass,  when  Zimri  saw  that  the  city  was  taken,  that  he  went  into  the 
palace  of  the  king's  house,  and  burnt  tlie  king's  house  over  him  with 
fire,  and  died,  "^  for  his  sins  which  he  siimcd  in  doing  evil  in  the  sigiit 
1  Ki.  12.28.  of  the  Lord,  "in  walking  in  the  way  of  Jeroboam,  and  in  his  sin  which 
he  did,  to  make  Israel  to  sin.  ~'^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Zimri,  and 
his  treason  tliat  he  wrouglit,  arc  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the 
Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ? 

^^  Then  were  the  people  of  Israel  divided  into  two  parts  :  half  of 


SECT 

.  VI. 

— 

— 

A.  M. 

3080. 

B.C. 

924. 

Hales 

,  938. 

1  Mic.  6.  16. 


p^^^  IV.]  COMMENCEMENT  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  AHAB.  037 

the  people  followed  Tibni  the  son  of  Ginath  to  make  him  king  ;  and 
lalf  Mowed  OmrK  -^  But  the  people  that  followed  Omn  prevaded 
against  the  people  that  followed  T.bm  the  son  of  Gmath  :  so  Tibni 
dted,  and  Oniri  reigned. 

Section    VI.— TAc  Reign  of  OmriP 
1  Kings  xvi.  23-28. 
Omrihnildeth  Samaria.     His  wicked  reign.     His  death.  _ 

-I.  the  thirty  and  first  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah  began  0™r^  to 
reicrn  over  Israel,  twelve  years  ;  six  years  re.gned  he  '"  T.rzah.      And 
he  bouMn  the  hill  Samaria  of  Shemer  for  two  talen  s  of  silver,  and 
burl,  on  the  hill,  and  called  the  name  of  Ure  c,ty  which  he  bnilt,  afte, 
*  neh.  shomeron.  ..      ^amc  of  Shomer,  owner  of  the  hill,  'Samaiia. 
f^^:^!:^:  '"t  ^Onm  wrought  evil  n.  the  eyes  of  the  Loan   and  did  worse 
than  all  that  were  before  him.  ^«  For  he  walked  in  all  the  way  of  Je  - 
oboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  and  in  his  sin  wherewith  he  made  Israe    to 
sbto  provoke  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  to  anger  with    heir  vanities 
-Now  the  restof  theacts  of  Omn  which  he  did,  and  his  migh  that 
he  showed   are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the 
Kint  of  Israel?  ^ho  Omn  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried  m 
•  Sam'aria  :  and  Ahab  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

Section  \ll.— Commencement  of  the  Reign  of  Ahab. 
1  Kings  xvi.  29,  to  the  end. 

Ahab's  most  wicked  reign.     Joshuas  curse  vpon  Hiel  the  builder  ofJeri.ho. 

29  And  in  the  thirty  and  eighth  year  of  Asa  king  of  Judah  began  Ahab 
the  son  of  Omn  to  reign  ove^Israel  ;  and  Ahab  the  son  of  Omn  reigned 
over  Israel  in  Samarm  twenty  and  two  years.  And  Ahab  the  son  of 
Omri  did  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  above  all  that  were  before  h.m 

Ad  it  came  to  pass>as  if  it  had  been  a  light  thing  for  him  to  walk 
in  the  Ifof  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  "that  he  took  to  wife  Jez- 
ebel the  daughter  of  Ethbaal  king  of  Hhe  Zidonians,  ^and  went  and 
Lrved  Baal,  and  worshipped  him.  -^  And  he  reared  up  an  altar  for 
Baalin  the  house  of  Baal,  which  he  had  ^-^^  ^^f  "^  "  f ^? 
Ahab  made  a  grove  ;  and  Ahab  did  more  to  provoke  the  Lord  God  of 
fs  rael  toan^^er  than  all  the  kings  of  Israel  that  were  before  him. 

34  n  hfsdays  did  Hiel  the  Beth-elite  build  Jencho  :  he  aid  the  foun- 
datim" thereof  in  Abiram  his  firstborn,  and  set  up  the  gates  thereof  m 
f^youn^^^^^^^^^^  Segub,  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord,  which  he 
spake  by  Joshua  the  son  of  Nr"  *  * 


A.  M.  3085. 
B.  C.  919. 
Hales,  931. 


*  Heb.  was  it  a       31 

Hir/it  thing,  ^-c 
aDe.  7.  3. 
6  Ju.  18.  7. 
c  1  Ki.  21.  25,  2 

2  Ki.  10.  18.  & 

17.  16. 


un.^ 


portion  I. 

25  Yeaks. 

A.   M.  3090  to 

3115. 


PART    IV.  —  Portion  I. 
THE  REIGN   OF   JEHOSHAPHAT. 


30,  35,  to  tke  ™f-     K,««.  3-  .1.  49^2  K„os  vm.   11.^^^        ^^  ^^^  ^^^ 


f k??;rxxu! .:.  c7«r5MV^~«;  *5, 48.-3  c,,..,. ..» 


I 


Z  re  J  that  Omri  died,  and  *'»'' 'X'ti^^rf  to™  f  tl,.   ci  y   and  .erified  t=h.  prediction  of  the 

tirntji'^/^^;i^.g'?-^'"|3^-^^ 

kincTs  by  the  soldiers  and  peop  c.     The   paity  ot  coun                 j^    v                 ^^^.^  accomplishment, 

^±  CS;i^  t  ^St^^'^a^^Si  ^^lUx's  Refections  on  tU  OU  Testament,  chap- 

^  («)  The  idolatry  and  corruption  of  the  kingdom  ter  3.                                                    ^  ^ 
VOL.   I. 


638 


THE  REIGN  OF  JEHOSHAPHAT. 


[Period  VI. 


a  Began  to  reign 
alone,  1  Ki.  xxii. 
51. 


6  1  Ki.  14.  23. 

c  2  Co.  6.  11. 

d  1  Ki.  14.  24.  & 
lo.  12. 

e  Ge.  25.  23. 

2Sa.  8.  14.  2Ki. 

3.  9.  &  8.  20. 
a  i.  e.  Jehosha- 

pllHt.— £(/. 

/2Ch.  15.  8. 

*  Or,  ofhisfathrr, 
and  of  Dacid. 


f  Hob.  rravc. 

1  Sa.  10.  27. 

1  Ki.  10.  25. 
g  1  Ki.  10.  27. 
t  That  is,  was 

encouraged. 


i  Ge.  35.  5. 
*  Hel).  was. 


j2Sa.  8.2. 


t  Or,  palaces. 


Jehoshaphal's  good  reign.  His  acts.  He  scndelh  Levites  wilh  the  princes  to  teach  Judah.  His  em- 
mies  being  terrijied  by  God,  some  o/ them  bring  him  presents  and  tribute.  His  greatness,  cap- 
tains, and  armies.  His  treaty  with  Ahab.  He  is  reproved  bij  Jelw.  He  visits  his  ki?igdom. 
His  instructions  to  the  Judges,  arid  the  Levites.  The  Moahites  and  Ammonites  declare  icar 
against  Jehoshaphat.  He  proclaimeth  a  fast.  His  prayer.  The  propliecy  of  Jahaziel.  Jehosha- 
pliat  exhorleth  the  people  and  setteth  singers  to  praise  tJie  Lord.  Tlie  great  overtkrotc  of  the  ene- 
mies. The  people  bless  God.  They  rcturnhome.  Jehoshaphat' s  convoy  of  ships,  xvhich  he  made 
with  Ahaziah,  according  to  the  prophecy  of  Eliezer,  unliappily  perished.  He  refuses  to  join 
Ahaziah  in  another  expedition.     His  death. 

^^  AND  Jeho-shaphat  the  son  of  Asa  "began  to  reign  over  Judah  in 
the  fourth  year  of  Ahab  king  of  Israel.  '•-  Jehoshaphat  was  thirty  and 
five  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign  ;  and  he  reigned  twenty  and 
five  years  in  Jerusalem,  And  his  mother's  name  was  Azubah  the 
daughter  of  Shilhi.  "^^  And  he  walked  in  all  the  way  of  Asa  his  father  ; 
he  turned  not  aside  from  it,  doing  that  u'hich  was  right  in  the  eyes  of 
the  Lord  :  nevertheless  'the  high  places  were  not  taken  awny  :  for  the 
people  offered  and  burnt  incense  yet  in  the  high  places.  '*'*  And  '^ Jehosh- 
aphat made  peace  with  the  king  of  Israel.  ""^  And  ''the  remnant  of  the 
sodo.mites,  which  remained  in  the  days  of  his  father  Asa,  he  took  out 
of  the  land.  '''^  (There 'was  then  no  king  in  Edom  :  a  deputy  was  king.) 
-And  ""he  placed  forces  in  all  the  fenced  cities  of  Judah,  2  Chron.  xvii. 
and  set  garrisons  in  the  land  of  Judah,  and  in  the  cities  2,  to  the  end. 
of  Ephraim,  Avhich  Asa  his  father  had  taken.  ^  And  the  Lord  was 
with  Jehoshaphat,  because  he  walked  in  the  first  ways  *of  his  father 
David,  and  sought  not  unto  Baalim  ;  '^but  sought  to  the  Lord  God  of 
his  father,  and  walked  in  his  commandments,  and  not  after  the  doings 
of  Israel.  ^  Therefore  the  Lord  established  the  kingdom  in  his  hand ; 
and  all  Judah  tbrought  to  Jehoshaphat  presents  ;  ^and  he  had  riches 
and  honor  in  abundance.  ^And  his  heart  twas  lifted  up  in  the  ways 
of  the  Lord  ;  moreover  he  took  away  the  high  places  and  groves  out 
of  Judah. 

"  Also  in  the  third  year  of  his  reign  he  sent  to  his  princes,  even  to 
Ben-hail,  and  to  Obadiah,  and  to  Zechariah,  and  to  Nethaneel,  and  to 
Michaiah,  to  teach  in  the  cities  of  Judah.  ^  And  with  them  he  sent 
Levites,  even  Shemaiah,  and  Nethaniah,  and  Zebadiah,  and  Asahel, 
and  Shemiramoth,  and  Jehonathan,  and  Adonijah,  and  Tobijah,  and 
Tob-adonijah,  Levites  ;  and  with  them  Elishama  and  Jehoram,  priests. 
^And  Hhey  taught  in  Judah,  and  had  the  Book  of  the  Law  of  the 
Lord  with  them,  and  went  about  throughout  all  the  cities  of  Judah, 
and  taught  the  people. 

^^  And  'the  fear  of  the  Lord  *fell  upon  all  the  kingdoms  of  the  lands 
that  were  round  about  Judah,  so  that  they  made  no  war  against  Je- 
hoshaphat. ^1  Also  some  of  the  Philistines  ^brought  Jehoshaphat  pres- 
ents, and  tribute  silver;  and  the  Arabians  brought  him  flocks,  seven 
thousand  and  seven  hundred  rams,  and  seven  thousand  and  seven 
hundred  he-goats. 

^-  And  Jehoshaphat  wa.ved  great  exceedingly  ;  and  he  built  in  Judah 
fcastles,  and  cities  of  store.  ^^  And  he  had  much  business  in  the  cities 
of  Judah  :  and  the  men  of  war,  mighty  men  of  valor,  were  in  Jerusalem. 
^'And  these  are  the  numbers  of  them  according  to  the  house  of  their 
fathers  : — of  Judah,  the  captains  of  thousands  ;  Adnah  the  chief,  and 
with  him  mighty  men  of  valor  three  hundred  thousand.  ^-"^  And  tnext  to 
him  was  Jehohanan  the  captain,  and  with  him  two  hundred  and  four- 
score thousand.  ^''^  And  next  him  was  Amasiah  the  son  of  Zichri,  ^v!:o 
willingly  offered  himself  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  with  him  two  hundred 
thousand  mighty  men  of  valor.  ^''  And  of  Benjamin  ;  Eliada  a  mighty 
man  of  valor,  and  with  him  armed  men  with  bow  and  shield  two  hun- 
dred thousand.  ^^  And  next  him  was  Jehozabad,  and  with  him  an 
hundred  and  fourscore  thousand  ready  prepared  for  the  war.  ^^  These 
waited  on  the  king,  besides  those  whom  the  king  put  in  the  fenced 
cities  throutrhout  all  Judah. 


Part  IV.] 


k  Heb   at  the  tnd 
of  y:ar,. 


IPs.  139.21. 

m  Pee  2  Ch.  12. 

12. 
n  2  Ch.  30.  19. 

Ezra  7.  10. 
j  Heh.  lie  returned 

and  went  aut. 
oDe.  1.  17. 
pP-i.S-2.  l.Ec.  5. 

8. 

J  Heb.  i«  the  mat- 
ter of  judgment. 
a  Ue.  32.  4.  Ro. 

9.  14. 
r  De.  10.  17.  Job 

34.  19.  Ac.  10. 

34.  Ro.  2.  U. 

Gal.  2.  6.  Eph. 

6.  9.  Col.  3.  25. 

1  Pe.  1.  17. 

PS.  LXXXII. 


*  Or,/«r  Jisaph. 
aEc.  o.  8. 
tEx  21.6. 

c  Pr.  18.  5. 

t  Heb.  Judge. 

d  Je.  22.  3. 

e  Job  29.  12.  Pr. 
24.  11. 


JEHOSHAPHAT  APPOINTS  THE  PRIESTS  AND  LEVITES.     639 

1  Now  Jeho-shaphat  had  riches  and  honor  in  abundance,  2  Cron.  xviii. 
and  joined  affinity  with  Ahab.  -  And  *after  certain  years 
he  went  down  to  Ahab  to  Samaria.     And  Ahab  killed  sheep  and  oxen 
for  him  in  abundance,  and  for  the  people  that  he  had  with  him,  and 
persuaded  him  to  go  up  with  him  to  Ramoth-gilead. 

1  And  Jehoshaphat  the  king  of  Judah  returned  to  his  2  Chron.  xix. 
house  in  peace  to  Jerusalem.  -And  Jeliu  the  son  of 
Hanani  the  seer  went  out  to  meet  him,  and  said  to  king  Jehoshaphat, 
"  Shouldest  thou  help  the  ungodly,  and  'love  them  that  hate  the  Lord? 
therefore  is  wrath  upon  thee  from  before  the  Lord.  ^  Nevertheless 
there  are  "good  things  found  in  thee,  in  tliat  thou  hast  taken  away  the 
groves  out  of  the  land,  and  hast  "prepared  thy  heart  to  seek  God." 
4  And  Jehoshaphat  dwelt  at  Jerusalem  :  and  the  went  out  again  through 
the  people  from  Beer-slieba  to  Mount  Ephraim,  and  brought  them  back 
unto  the  I^ord  God  of  their  fathers. 

And  he  set  judges  in  the  land  throughout  all  the  fenced  cities  of 


Judah,  city  by  city,  "^and  said   to  the  judges. 


Take  heed  what  ye 
''who  is  with  you  tin 


/Mic.  3.  1. 


-3"- 

11. 

,  3.  &  75. 

J  He 

b.  moved. 

A  Ex 
Jo. 

.22 
10. 

34.' 

iJol) 
31. 

21. 
14. 

32.  Ez. 

;•  Mic 

:.  7. 

,2,7. 

ftPs. 
15. 

2- 

8.  Re.  11. 

aDe 

.16 

1.18. 

6De.  17.  8,  &c. 


do  ;  for  °ye  judge  not  for  man,  but  for  the  Lord 
the  judgment.  ^  Wherefore  now  let  the  fear  of  the  Lord  be  upon  you  ; 
lake  heed  and  do  it :  'for  there  is  no  iniquity  with  the  Lord  our  God, 
''nor  respect  of  persons,  nor  taking  of  gifts." 

PSALM  LXXXII. (9) 

The  psalmist,  having  exhorted  the  judges,  5  and  reproved  their  negligence,  8  prayeth  God  to  judge. 
A  Psalm  *of  Asaph. 

1  God  "standeth  in  the  congregation  of  the  mighty ; 
He  judgeth  among  Hhe  gods. 

2  How  long  will  ye  judge  unjustly, 

And  'accept  the  persons  of  the  wicked  ?  Selah ! 

3  tDefend  the  poor  and  fatherless : 

Do  "justice  to  the  afflicted  and  needy. 
^  Deliver  'the  poor  and  needy  : 

Rid  them  out  of  the  hand  of  the  wicked. 

^  They  •'know  not,  neither  will  they  understand  ; 

They  walk  on  in  darkness : 

All  "the  foundations  of  the  earth  are  tout  of  course. 
6  I  ^have  said,  "  Ye  are  gods  ; 

And  all  of  you  are  children  of  the  Most  High." 
^  But  'ye  shall  die  like  men. 

And  fall  like  one  of  the  princes. 
^  Arise,  ■'O  God  !  judge  the  earth  : 

For  Hhou  shalt  inherit  all  nations. 

8  Moreover  in  Jerusalem  did  Jehoshaphat  "set  of  the  ^g'^^^'JJ^-^^" 
Levites,  and  of  the  priests,  and  of  the  chief  of  the  fathers  ' 
of  Israel,  for  the  judgment  of  the  Lord,  and  for  controversies,  when 
they  returned  to  Jerusalem.  ^  And  he  charged  them,  saying,  "  Thus 
shall  ye  do  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord,  faithfully,  and  with  a  perfect  heart. 
10  And  Hvhat  cause  soever  shall  come  to  you  of  your  brethren  that  dwell 
in  their  cities,  between  blood  and  blood,  between  law  and  command- 
ment, statutes  and  judgments,  ye  shall  even  warn  them  that  they  tres- 
pass not  against  the  Lord,  and  so  'wrath  come  upon  you,  and  upon 
your  brethren:  this  do,  and  ye  shall  not  trespass,  i^  And,  behold, 
Amariah  the  chief  priest  is  over  you  in  all  matters  of  the  Lord  ;  and 
Zebadiah  the  son  of  Ishmael,  the  ruler  of  the  house  of  Judah,  for  all 


(9)  Psalm  Ixxxli.  Dr.  Wells  is  of  opinion  that  Psalm  Ixxxii.  was  most  probably  composed  m  the  rei 
of  Hezekiah,  to  admonish  the  judges,  or  magistrates  in  the  highest  courts.  t  seems,  however,  from 
internal  evidence,  to  be  more  suited  to  this  reign,  and  I  have,  therefore,  inserted  it  here. 


e  reign 
its 


t  Heb.  Ai*/^ 
d  Ezra  8.  21.  J 


g  Mat.  6.  13. 
A  Ge.  17.  7. 


I  De.  2.  4,  9,  la 
m  Nu.  20.  21. 


640      JEHOSHAPHAT  DEFEATS  THE  MOABITES  AND  AMMONITES.    [Period  VI. 

* ^gfaZ'do.'''"""  ^'^^  king'.s  matters  :  also  the  Levites  shall  be  officers  before  you.  *Deal 
courageously,  and  the  Lord  shall  be  with  the  good." 
A.  M.  3108.  1  It  came  to  pass  after  this  also,  that  the  children  of   ^  Chron.  xx. 

B.  c.  89tj.      Moab,  and  the  children  of  Amnion,  and  with  them  other  ^~^^' 

besides  the  Ammonites,  came  against  Jehoshaphat  to  battle.  ^Then 
there  came  some  that  told  Jehoshaphat,  saying,  •'  There  cometh  a  great 
multitude  against  thee  from  beyond  the  sea  on  this  side  Syria  ;  and, 
behold,  they  be  in  Hazazon-tamar,  which  is  En-gedi."  ^  And  Jehosh- 
aphat feared,  and  set  fhimself  to  seek  the  Lord,  and  ''proclaimed  a 
'ae.'g.'' Jonah 3.^5!  fast  throughout  all  Judah.  ^  And  Judah  gathered  themselves  together, 
to  ask  help  of  the  Lord  :  even  out  of  all  the  cities  of  Judah  they  came 
to  seek  the  Lord,  ^  And  Jehoshaphat  stood  in  the  congregation  of 
Judah  and  Jerusalem,  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  before  the  new  court, 
^  and  said, — 
's^lbf  Mat  ^c^g'       "  ^  Lord  God  of  our  fathers,  art  not  thou  ''God  in  heaven  ?  and 
/Da.  4. 17, 25,     -^rulest  not  thou  over  all  the  kingdoms  of  the  heathem  ?  ^and  in  thy 
hand  is  there  not  powder  and  might,  so  that  none  is  able  to  withstand 
thee  ?  "Art  not  thou  ''our  God,  twho  didst  drive  out  the  inhabitants  of 
tHeb.i/iou.        this  land  before  thy  people  Israel,  and  'gavest  it  to  the  seed  of  Abra- 
iSeeGe.  12. 7.     ham  ^  thy  friend  for  ever?  ®  And  they  dwelt  therein,  and  have  built 
;is.4i.8.  Ja. 2.    j|^gg  ^  sauctuary  therein  for  thy  name,  saying,  ^ '  If,  ^when  evil  cometh 
i  1  Ki.  8. 33, 37.    upon  us,  as  the  sword,  judgment,  or  pestilence,  or  famine,  we  stand 
before  this  house,  and  in  thy  presence,  (for  thy  name  is  in  this  house), 
and  cry  unto  thee  in  our  affliction,  then  thou  wilt  hear  and  help.' 
'°  And  now,  behold,  the  children  of  Ammon  and  Moab  and  Mount 
Seir,  whom  thou  'wouldest  not  let  Israel  invade,  when  they  came  out 
of  the  land  of  Egypt,  but  "^^they  turned  from  them,  and  destroyed  them 
not ;  ^^  behold,  I  say,  how  they  reward  us,  to  come  to  cast  us  out  of 
thy  possession,  which  thou  hast  given  us  to  inherit.   ^^  O  our  God  !   wilt 
thou  not  judge  them  ?  for  we  have  no  might  against  this  great  company 
that  cometh  against  us,  neither  know  we  what  to  do  ;  but  our  eyes 
are  upon  thee." 

^^  And  all  Judah  stood  before  the  Lord,  with  their  little  ones,  their 
wives,  and  their  children.  ^''  Then  upon  Jalmziel  the  son  of  Zechariah, 
the  son  of  Benaiah,  the  son  of  Jeiel,  the  son  of  Mattaniah,  a  Levite  of 
the  sons  of  Asaph,  "came  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  in  the  midst  of  the 
congregation;  ^^  and  he  said,  "Hearken  ye,  all  Judah,  and  ye  inhab- 
itants of  Jerusalem,  and  thou  king  Jehoshai)hat !  Thus  .saith  the  Lord 
unto  you,  "Be  not  afraid  nor  dismayed  by  reason  of  this  great  multi- 
tude ;  for  the  battle  is  not  yours,  but  God's,  i*"  To-morrow  go  ye  down 
against  them  :  behold,  they  come  up  by  the  *clitf  of  Ziz  ;  and  ye  shall 
tor.raH.y.  ^,|^j  \\\e[n  at  the  end  of  the  tbrook,  before  the  wilderness  of  Jeruel. 
V  Ex.  14. 13, 14.  17  Ye  ^shall  not  need  to  fight  in  this  battle  :  set  yourselves,  stand  ye 
still,  and  see  the  salvation  of  the  Lord  w^ith  you,  O  Judah  and  Jeru- 
salem !  fear  not,  nor  be  dismayed  ;  to-morrow  go  out  against  them, 
}\u.  14.9.  1^^^.  jjjg  Loj^u  yyjij  bg  ^yiih  you."  ^^  And  Jehoshaphat  bowed  his  head 
witli  his  face  to  the  ground  ;  and  all  Judah  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Jerusalem  fell  before  the  Lord,  worshipping  the  Lord.  '■'  And  the 
Levites,  of  the  children  of  the  Kohathites,  and  of  the  children  of  the 
Korhites,  stood  up  to  praise  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  with  a  loud  voice 
on  high. 

-"  And  they  rose  early  in  the  morning,  and  went  forth  into  the  wil- 
derness of  Tekoa:  and  as  they  went  forth,  Jehoshaphat  stood  and  said, 
ri3. 7. 9.  <(  Hear  me,  O  Judah,  and  ye  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  !  'Believe  in  the 

Lord  your  God,  so  shall  ye  be  established  ;  believe  his  prophets,  so 
shall  ye  prosper."  ^i  And  when  he  had  consulted  with  the  people,  he 
t  Heb. pra/ow     appointcd  sliigcrs  unto  the  Lord,  and  tthat  should  praise  the  beauty 


Heb. 


ascent. 


Part  VI.]         JEHOSHAPHAT  DEFEATS  THE  MOABITES  AND  AMMONITES.  641 


of  holiness,  as  they  went  out  before  the  army,  and  to  say,  "  Praise  the 
Lord  ;   for  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever." 

~-*And  when  they  began  tto  sing  and  to  praise,  'the  Lord  set  am- 
bushments  against  the  children  of  Amnion,  Moab,  and  Mount  Seir, 
which  were  come  against  Judah ;  and  Ithey  were  smitten.  ^^For  the 
children  of  Amnion  and  Moab  stood  up  against  the  inhabitants  ot 
Mount  Seir,  utterly  to  slay  and  destroy  them  :  and  when  they  had  made 
b.fur  thede-  au  end  of  the  inhabitants  of  Seir,  every  one  helped  *to  destroy  another. 
^'^  And  when  Judah  came  toward  the  watchtower  in  the  wilderness, 
they  looked  unto  the  multitude,  and  behold,  they  were  dead  bodies 
fallen  to  the  earth,  and  tnone  escaped.  -"^  And  when  Jehoshaphat 
and  his  people  came  to  take  away  the  spoil  of  them,  they  found  among 
them  in  abundance  both  riches  with  the  dead  bodies,  and  precious 
jewels,  which  they  stripped  off  for  themselves,  more  than  they  could 
carry  away  ;  and  they  were  three  days  in  gathering  of  the  spoil,  it  was 
so  much. 

-^  And  on  the  fourth  day  they  assembled  themselves  in  the  valley 
of  tBerachah  ;  for  there  they  blessed  the  Lord  :  therefore  the  name 
of  the  same  place  was  called, '-  The  valley  of  Berachah,"  unto  this  day. 


*  Heb.  Mttd  in  the 
titne  that  fiei/, 

•f  Heb.  in  sing^ing- 

and  praise. 
s.Iu.  7.  '2-2.  1  Sa. 

14.  -10. 
J  Or,  Ihnj  smote 

one  another. 


stniction, 
t  rieb.  there  was 

n,it  an  escaping. 


X  That  is,  Bless- 


PSAI.M    CXV. 


a  See  Is.  48. 
Ez.  36.  33. 


PSALM  CXV.(io) 

Becatise  God  is  truly  glorious,  4  and  idols  are  vanitij,  9  the  psalmist  exhorteth  to  confidence  in  God. 
12  God  is  to  be  blessed  for  his  MessiTigs. 

^  Not  "unto  us,  O  Lord  !  not  unto  us, 
But  unto  thy  name  give  glory, 
For  thy  mercy,  and  for  thy  truth's  sake. 
^  Wherefore  should  the  heathen  say, 

Where  ''is  now  their  God  ? 
^  But  "our  God  is  in  the  heavens : 
He  hath  done  whatsoever  he  pleased. 

^  Their  ''idols  are  silver  and  gold, 
The  work  of  men's  hands. 
^  They  have  mouths — but  they  speak  not  : 

Eyes  have  they — but  they  see  not : 
^  They  have  ears — but  they  hear  not : 

Noses  have  they — but  they  smell  not : 
'  They  have  hands — but  they  handle  not: 
Feet  have  they — but  they  walk  not : 
Neither  speak  they  through  their  throat. 
^  They  'that  make  them  are  like  unto  them ; 
So  is  every  one  that  trusteth  in  them. 

^  O  -^Israel,  trust  thou  in  the  Lord  : 
He  is  their  help  and  their  shield. 
^°  O  house  of  Aaron,  trust  in  the  Lord  : 

He  is  their  help  and  their  shield. 
^^  Ye  that  fear  the  Lord,  trust  in  the  Lord  : 

See  Ge.  15.  1.  JJg   .'^g   ^l^gj,.  J^glp  ^,^J   ^J^g^j.  g^ield. 

1^  The  Lord  hath  been  mindful  of  us  :  he  will  bless  us ; 
He  will  bless  the  house  of  Israel ; 
He  will  bless  the  house  of  Aaron. 
^^  He  will  bless  them  that  fear  the  Lord, 
Heb.  with.  gQj.j^  g^j^jl  #^,-,^  great. 

^^  The  Lord  shall  increase  you  more  and  more. 
You  and  your  children. 

('")  Psalm  CXV.  is  thought  to  have  been  made  by  Jehoshaphat,  after  he  had  received  encouragement  to 
npp  lor  victory  over  his  enemies. — Dr.  Wells. 

Psalm  xlvi.     This  Psalm  was  probably  composed  in  the  reign  of  Jehoshaphat,  2  Chr.  xx. — RosenmOller. 
VOL.   I.  81  3  B* 


els.  44.9-11. 
Jonah  2.  8.  Hab. 
2.  18,  19. 

/See  Ps.  118. 
2-4.  &  135.  19, 
20. 


642 


JEHOSHAPHAT'S  TREATY  WITH  AHAZIAH.    [Period  VI. 


h  See  Ge.  24.  31. 
»Seo  Ge.  1.  1. 


i  Is.  38. ; 


PSALM    XLVI 


•  Or,  of. 
t  Ps.  48,  &  66. 
}  1  Ch.  ]5.  20. 
a  De.  4.  7. 


•  Heb.  the  heart 

of  the  seas. 
b  Je.  5.  22.  Mat. 

7.  25. 

c  See  Is.  8.  7. 
d  Is.  60.  14. 


eDe.  23.  14.  Is. 
12.  6.  Ez.  43.  7, 

9.  Ho.  11.9. 
Joel  2.  27.  Zep. 
3.  15.  Zee.  2.  5, 

10,  11.  &  8.  3. 
t  Heb.  2c/icn  tAe 

morning  appear- 

eth:  see  Ex.  14. 

24,  27. 
/Jos.  2.9,  i!. 
J  Heh.ahirrhplaci 

for  us.  Ps.  9.  9. 
g  Is.  2.  4. 


^^  Ye  are  ''blessed  of  the  Lord 
Which  "made  heaven  and  earth. 

^^  The  heaven,  even  the  heavens,  are  the  Lord's  ; 
But  the  earth  hath  he  given  to  the  children  of  men. 
^'  The  -'dead  praise  not  the  Lord, 

Neither  any  that  go  down  into  silence. 
^®But  *vve  will  bless  the  Lord 

From  this  time  forth  and  for  evermore. 
Praise  the  Lord. 

PSALM    XLVI. 

TTie  confidence  which  the  Church  hath  in  God.      8  An  exhortation  to  behold  ii. 
To  the  cliief  Musician,  *for  the  sons  of  Korah,  fA  Song  upon  JAIamoth. 


A 


^  God  is  our  refuge  and  strength, 
very  present  help  in  trouble. 


2  Therefore  will  not  we  fear, 

Though  the  earth  be  removed. 

And  though  the  m.ountains  be  carried  into  *the  midst  of  the  sea  ; 
^  Though  'the  waters  thereof  roar  and  be  troubled. 

Though  the  mountains  shake  with  the  swelhng  thereof.     Selah  I 
"*  There  is  "a  river, 

The  streams  whereof  shall  make  glad  ''the  city  of  God, 

The  holy  place  of  the  tabernacles  of  the  Most  High. 
^  God  'is  in  the  midst  of  her — she  shall  not  be  moved : 

God  shall  help  her — tand  that  right  early. 
^  The  heathen  raged,  the  kingdoms  were  moved  : 

He  uttered  his  voice — the  -^earth  melted. 
'  The  Lord  of  hosts  is  with  us  ; 

The  God  of  Jacob  is  tour  refuge.     Selah  ! 
^  Come,  behold  the  works  of  the  Lord, 

What  desolations  he  hath  made  in  the  earth. 
^  He  ^maketh  wars  to  cease  unto  the  end  of  the  earth  ; 

He  breaketh  the  bow,  and  cutteth  the  spear  in  sunder; 

He  ''burnetii  the  chariot  in  the  fire. 
^°  Be  still,  and  know  that  I  am  God  ! 

1  'will  be  exalted  among  the  heathen, 

I  will  be  exalted  in  the  earth. 
^^  The  Lord  of  hosts  is  with  us  ; 

The  God  of  Jacob  is  our  refuge.     Selah ! 


^^Then  they  returned,  every  man  of  Judah  and  Jeru-  2  Chron.  xx.  27- 
♦  Heb.  head.  galem,  and  Jehoshaphat  in  the  *forefront  of  them,  to  go  ^^'  ^' '"  '"'^' 
aNeh.  13. 43.  again  to  Jerusalem  with  joy  ;  for  the  Lord  had  "made  them  to  rejoice 
over  their  enemies.  ^^  And  they  came  to  Jerusalem  with  psalteries  and 
harps  and  trumpets  unto  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ~^  And  the  fear  of 
God  was  on  all  the  kingdoms  of  those  countries,  when  they  had  heard 
that  the  Lord  fought  against  the  enemies  of  Israel.  •"'  So  the  realm  of 
Jehoshaphat  was  quiet  ;   for  his  God  gave  him  rest  round  about. 

^■' And  after  this  did  Jehosha[)hat  king  of  Judah  join  himself  with 
Ahaziah  king  of  Israel,  who  did  very  wickedly.  ^''  And  he  joined  him- 
self with  him  to  make  ships  to  go  to  Tarshish  ;  and  they  made  the 
ships  in  Ezion-geber.  ^"^Then  Eliczer  the  son  of  Dodavah  of  Mareshah 
prophesied  against  Jehoshaphat,  saying,  "  Because  thou  hast  joined 
thyself  with  Ahaziah,  the  Lord  hath  broken  thy  works."  And  the 
shi[)s  were  broken,  that  they  were  not  able  to  go  to  Tarshish."" 

(!')  See  a  very  curious  and  interesting  account  of  the  trade  in  India  at  this  time,  and  the  effects  of 
that  trade  in  enriching  the   Jews  in  the  reign  of  David  and  Solomon,  in  Prideaux's  Connection,  vol 


Part  IV.] 


REIGIN  OF  AHAB  CONTINUED 


643 


t  Heb.  reigned. 
Began  to  reia;n 
in  consoit  with 
liis  father, 
A.  M.  3115. 
15.  C.  889. 
Hales,  904. 

a  e.  L  Jelioiam, 

—  Kd. 
b  Or,  i;r.ui.l- 

(AlUtH.—F.d. 

b}vh.  12. 14.  &  fathers 

19.  3. 
I  ileb.   irords. 
c  1  Ki.  16.  J,  7. 


2  Kings  viii. 
16. 


1  ChRON.  XX. 

32-34. 


t  Or,  had  ten 
ships. 


4!'Theii  said  Ahaziah  the  son  of  Ahab  unto  Jehoshaphat,  J  KiN^Gsxxii. 
"  Let   iny  servants  go  with  thy  servants  in  the  ships."  But 
Jehoshaphat  would  not.  ,    ,    ,  ■ 

i'^  And  in  the  fifth  year  of  Joram  the  son  of  Ahab  king 
of  Israel,  Jehoshaphat  being  then  king  of  Judah,  Jehoram 
the  son  of  Jehoshaphat  king  of  Judah  tbegan  to  reign. 
'•^'^  And  ''he  walked  in  the  way  of  Asa  his  "^father,  and  de- 
parted not  from  it,  doing  that  which  was  right  in  the  sight 
of  the  Lord.  33Hovvbeit  the  high  places  were  not  taken  away ;  lor 
as  yet  the  people  had  not  ^prepared  their  hearts  unto  the  God  of  their 
34  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jehoshaphat,  first  and  last,  be- 
hold, they  are  written  in  the  tBook  of  Jehu  the  son  of 'Hanani, 
(who  *is  mentioned  in  the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Israel,)  i  Kings xxii. 
[and]  45  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  enrfof  45,  50. 
Judah  ?  ^"^  And  Jehoshaphat  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried  with 
his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David  his  father  ;  and  Jehoram  his  son  reigned 
in  his  stead. 

1  Kings  xxii.  part  ofver.  45,  and  48.-Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jehoshaphat,  and 
his  mio-ht  that  he  showed,  and  liow  he  warred,  are  they  not  written.-^  Jehoshaphat  tmade 
ships  of  Tharshish  to  go  to  Ophir  for  gold  ;  but  they  went  not,  for  the  ships  were  broken 
at  Ezion-geber. 

2CHR0N.  xvii.  1.— And  Jehoshaphat  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead,  and  strengthened 
himself  against  Israel. 

2  Chron.  XX.  31.— And  Jehoshaphat  reigned  over  Judah  :  he  was  thirty  and  five  years 
old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he  reigned  twenty  and  five  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his 
mother's  name  was  Azubah  the  daughter  of  Shilhi. 


M.  3096. 
;.  C.  908. 


»  Heb.  Elijahu. 

Lu.  1.  17,  &  4. 

25,  he  is  called 

Elias. 
a  Ja.  5.  17. 
b  Lu.  4.  25. 


t  Heb.  at  the  end 
of  days. 


<  Obad.  20.  Lu. 
4.  2ii,  called 
Sarepta. 


Part  IV. — Portion  XL 

EVENTS   IN   THE   KINGDOM   OF   ISRAEL   CONTEMPORARY   WITH  THE 
REIGN   OF   JEHOSHAPHAT. 

Section    I.— Reign  of  Ahab  continued ;— Elijah  predicts  a  Drought,  and 

raises  the  Widoio's  Son. 

1  Kings  xvii. 

Eliiah,  having  prophesied  against  Ahab.  is  sent  to  Cherith    lohere  the  ravens  feed  him.    8  He  is 

sent  to  the  toidoio  of  Zarephalh.     17  He  raiseth  the  widow's  son.    24  The  wonuxn  beheveth  him. 

1  And  *Eliiah  the  Tishbite,  who  was  of  the  inhabitants  of  Gilead, 
said  unto  Ahab,  "  As  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  liveth,  before  whom  I 
stand,  "there  shall  not  be  dew  nor  rain  Hhese  years,  but  according  to 
my  word."  ^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  him,  saying,  "  Get 
thee  hence,  and  turn  thee  eastward,  and  hide  thyself  by  the  brook 
Cherith,  that  is  before  Jordan.  ^  And  it  shall  be,  that  thou  shall  drink 
of  the  brook  ;  and  I  have  commanded  the  ravens  to  feed  thee  there." 
5  So  he  went  and  did  according  unto  the  word  of  the  Lord  :  for  he 
went  and  dwelt  by  the  brook  Cherith,  that  is  before  Jordan,  ^  and  the 
ravens  brought  him  bread  and  flesh  in  the  morning,  and  bread  and 
flesh  in  the  evening ;  and  he  drank  of  the  brook.  ^  And  it  came  to 
pass  tafter  a  while,  that  the  brook  dried  up,  because  there  had  been 
no  rain  in  the  land.  . 

8  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  him,  saying,  "  Arise,  get 
thee  to  'Zarephath,  which  belongeth  to  Zidon,  and  dwell  there  :^^be- 
hold,  I  have  commanded  a  widow  woman  there  to  sustain  thee."  ^^  So 
he  arose  and  went  to  Zarephath.  And  when  he  came  to  the  gate  of 
the  city  behold,  the  widow  woman  was  there  gathering  of  sticks  ;  and 
he  called  to  her,  and  said,  "Fetch  me,  I  pray  thee,  a  little  water  in  a 
vessel,  that  I  may  drink."  i'  And  as  she  was  going  to  fetch  it,  he  called 
to  her,  and  said,  "  Bring  me,  I  pray  thee,  a  morsel  of  bread  in  thy 
hand."   ^^  And  she  said,  "  As  ti»e  Lord  thy  God  Uveth,  I  have  not  a 


J  Heb.  givtth. 


644  ELIJAH  PROVES  THE  TRUTH  OF  HIS  MISSION.      [Period  VL 

cake,  but  a  handful  of  meal  in  a  barrel,  and  a  little  oil  in  a  cruse  : 
and,  behold,  I  am  gathering  two  sticks,  that  I  may  go  in  and  dress  it 
for  me  and  my  son,  that  we  may  eat  it  and  die."  ^^  And  Elijah  said 
unto  her,  ''  Fear  not,  go  and  do  as  thou  hast  said  ;  but  make  me  there- 
of a  little  cake  first,  and  bring  it  unto  me,  and  after  make  for  thee  and 
for  thy  son.  i-*  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  The  barrel  of 
meal  shall  not  waste,  neither  shall  the  cruse  of  oil  fail,  until  the  day 
that  the  Lord  tsendeth  rain  upon  the  earth."  ^^  And  she  went  and 
did  according  to  the  saying  of  Elijah  ;  and  she,  and  he,  and  her  house, 
*or,afiaiyear.  ^^^  ^^^  *many  days.  ^^And  the  barrel  of  meal  wasted  not,  neither  did 
the  cruse  of  oil  fail,  according  to  the  word   of  the  Lord,  which  he 

1  Heb.  bytke  hand   gp^^J.^   ^J^^,   YXl\^h. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  the  son  of  the  woman, 
the  mistress  of  the  house,  fell  sick  ;  and  his  sickness  was  so  sore,  that 
there  was  no  breath  left  in  him.  ^^  And  she  said  unto  Elijah,  "  What 
''have  I  to  do  with  thee,  O  thou  man  of  God  ?  art  thou  come  unto  me 
to  call  my  sin  to  remembrance,  and  to  slay  my  son  ?  "  ^^  And  he  said 
unto  her,  "  Give  me  thy  son."  And  he  took  him  out  of  her  bosom, 
and  carried  him  up  into  a  loft,  where  he  abode,  and  laid  him  upon  his 
own  bed.  2°  And  he  cried  unto  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  O  Lord  my  God, 
hast  thou  also  brought  evil  upon  the  widow  with  whom  I  sojourn,  by 
slaying  her  son  ?  "  ^^  And  he  tstretclied  himself  upon  the  child  three 
times,  and  cried  unto  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  O  Lord  my  God,  I  pray 
thee,  let  this  child's  soul  come  *into  him  again  "  "  ' 
the  voice  of  Elijah  ;  and  the  soul  of  the  child  came 
and  he  'revived.  ^3  And  Elijah  took  the  child,  and  brought  him  down 
out  of  the  chamber  into  the  house,  and  delivered  him  unto  his  mother; 
and  Elijah  said,  '•  See,  thy  son  liveth  !  " 

-^  And  the  woman  said  to  Elijah,  "  Now  by  this  ^I  know  that  thou 
art  a  man  of  God,  and  that  the  word  of  the  Lord  in  thy  mouth  is  truth." 


d  See  Lu.  5.  8. 


*  Heb.  into  his 
inward  parts. 


^'  fVnd  the  Lord  heard 
into  him  again. 


A.  M.  3098. 
B.  C.  900. 


*  Heb.  Obadialiu. 
t  Heb.  over  his 
house. 


Section  II. — Elijah  proves  the  Truth  of  his  Mission,  and  Jlies  from  Jczchd ; 

—the  Calling  of  EUsha. 

1  Kings  xviii.,  anrf  xix.  1-21. 

Elijali  meeteth  with  good  Obadiah.     17  He  reprovetk  Aliah,  and  convinceth  Baal's  prophets :    41 

He  obtaineth  rain.  —  Chap.  xix.  1  Elijah,  threalemd  by  Jezebel,    4  is  comforted  by  an  Angel.     9 

God  sendeth  him  to  anoint  Hazael,  Jehu,  and  EUsha.     19  Etisha  folloiveth  Elijah. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  "many  days,  that  the  word  of  the  Lord 
came  to  Elijah  in  the  third  year,  saying,  "Go  show  thyself  unto  Ahab  ; 
and  ''I  will  send  rain  upon  the  earth."  -  And  Elijah  went  to  show  him- 
self unto  Ahab.    And  there  was  a  sore  famine  in  Samaria.  ^  And  Ahab 
called  *Obadiah,  which  was  tthe  governor  of  his  house.    (Now  Obadiah 
feared  the  Lord  greatly.  ^  For  it  was  so,  when  t Jezebel   cut  off  the 
t  Heb.  hebei.       prophcts  of  the  Lord,  that  Obadiah  took  an  hundred  prophets,  and  hid 
them  by  fifty  in  a  cave,  and  fed  them  with  bread   and   water.)   ^And 
Ahab  said  unto  Obadiah,  "  Go  into  the  land,  unto  all  fountains  of  water, 
and  ujito  all  brooks  ;  peradventure  we  may  find  grass  to  save  the  horses 
'ri'/Jf oli'rsX^'  ^"*^  mules  alive,  *that  we  lose  not  all  the  beasts."  '^  So  they  divided 
from  the  btasu.    thc  land  bctweeu  them  to  pass  throughout  it ;  Ahab  went  one  way  by 
himself,  and  Obadiah  went  another  way  by  himself. 

■^  And  as  Obadiah  was  in  the  way,  behold,  Elijah  met  him  :  and  he 
knew  him,  and  fell  on  his  face,  and  said,  "  Art  thou  that  my  lord 
Elijah?"  ^And  he  answered  him,  "I  am:  go,  tell  thy  lord,  Behold, 
Elijah  is  here !  "  ^  And  he  said,  "  What  have  I  sinned,  that  thou 
wouldest  deliver  thy  servant  into  the  hand  of  Ahab,  to  slay  me  ?  ^^  As 
the  Lord  th}  God  liveth,  there  is  no  nation  or  kingdom  w^hither  my 
lord  hath  not  sent  to  seek  thee;  and  when  they  said, '  He  is  not  there  ; ' 
he  took  an  oath  of  the  kingdom  and  nation,  that  they  found  thee  not. 


Part  IV.]  ELIJAH  PROVES  THE  TRUTH  OF  HIS  MISSION.  G45 

11  And  now  thou  sayest,  '  Go,  tell  thy  lord,  Behold,  Elijah  is  here  ! ' 
c2Ki.oi6.  E^.  12  /^i,a  it  shall  come  to  pass,  as  soon  as  I  am  gone  irom  thee,  that  the 
l-l:'Ac'.r39.  Spirit  of  the  Lord  shall  carry  thee  whither  I  know  not  ;  and  so  when 
I  come  and  tell  Ahab,  and  he  cannot  find  thee,  he  shall  slay  me  ;  but 
I  thy  servant  fear  the  Lord  from  my  youtli.  ^^  Was  it  not  told  my 
lord  what  I  did  when  Jezebel  slew  the  prophets  of  the  Lord,  how  1 
hid  an  hundred  men  of  the  Lord's  prophets  by  fifty  m  a  cave,  and  fed 
them  with  bread  and  water?  ^^^  And  now  thou  ffYf  t'  '  ^«'.>fl  ^^y 
lord,  Behold,  Elijah  is  here  ! '  and  he  shall  slay  me."  ''  And  Elijah  said, 
-  As  the  Lord  of  hosts  liveth,  before  whom  I  stand,  I  will  surely  show 
myself  unto  him  to-day."  ''  So  Obadiah  went  to  meet  Ahab,  and  told 
him  ;  and  Ahab  went  to  meet  Elijah.  ...  ,      ,        *.    u      -j 

n  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Ahab  saw  Elijah,  that  Ahab  said  unto 
.Jo..  7. 25.  Ac.    him    -Art  thou  he  that  "troubleth  Israel?"   ^^And  he  answered,      1 
have  not  troubled  Israel  ;  but  thou,  and  thy  father's  house,  m  that  ye 
have  forsaken  the  commandments  of  the  Lord,  and  thou  hast  followed 
Baalim.  ''  Now  therefore  send,  and  gather  to  me  all  Israel  unto  Mount 
Carmel,   and  the  prophets  of  Baal  four  hundred  and  fifty    and  the 
prophets  of  the  groves  four  hundred,  which  eat  at  Jezebel  s  table 
20  So  Ahab  sent  unto  all  the  children  of  Israel,  and  gathered  the  proph- 
ets together  unto    Mount  Carmel.  ^^And  Elijah    came  unto  all    the 
e 2  lu.  17. 41.       people,  and  said,  "  How  ^long  halt  ye  between  tvvo  topimons  ?  if    he 
t  or;t:i..      Lord  be  God,  follow  him-but  if  Baal,  Ahen  fo  lovy  him.       And  the 
jseeaos.24.l5.   people  answered  him  not  a  word.  ^^Then  said  Ehjah  unto  the  people, 
"  I   even  I  only,  remain  a  prophet  of  the  Lord  ;  but  Baal  s  prophe  s 
are  four  hundred  and  fifty  men.  ^^Let  tiiem  therefore  give  us  two  bul- 
locks ;  and  let  them  choose  one  bullock  for  themselves,  and  cut  it  in 
pieces,  and  lay  it  on  wood,  and  put  no  fire  under:  and  I  will  dress  the 
other  bullock,  and  lay  it  on  wood,  and  put  no  fire  under.  -  And  call  ye 
on  the  name  of  your  gods,  and  I  will  call  on  the  name  of  the  Lord  ;  and 
tiie  God  that  answerelh  by  fire,  let  him  be  God."    And  all  the  people 
*Heb.  Tae.or,  auswercd  aud  said,  "  *It  is  well  spoken."  '^^  And  Elijah  said  unto  the 
"'""'•  prophets  of  Baal,  "  Choose  you  one  bullock  for  yourselves,  and  dress  it 

first ;  for  ye  are  many  ;  and  call  on  the  name  of  your  gods,  but  put  no 
fire  under."  ^^^  And  they  took  the  bullock  which  was  given  them,  and 
they  dressed  it,  and  called  on  the  name  of  Baal  from  morning  even  until 
t  or, a,..er.  ,'  sayin-,  "  O  Baal,  thear  us  !  "  But  there  was  "no  voice,  nor  any 
'^■^'fSo'^:  that  tanswered.  And  they  *leaped  upon  the  altar  which  was  made. 
4.  &  12. 2.  27  And  it  came  to  pass  at  noon,  that  Elijah  mocked  them,  and  said,  Ury 
io:';r;:;;„p  taloud-.for  heisagod;  either  the  is  talking,  or  he  ^  is  pursuing,  or  he 
and  down  at  the  ig  in  a  loumey,  or  peradventure  he  sleepeth,  and  must  be  awaKea. 
t  h:;:.  ...»  ^^  And  they  cried  aloud,  and  "cut  themselves  after  their  manner  with 
^at.nce         j^^^j^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^jH  ^^1,^  ^^^^.^  gyshcd  out  upou  them.  "   And  it 

^.?J.'."^  """'^  came  to  pass,  when  mid-day  was  past,  ^and  they  prophesied  until  the 
*p':^.t'' "  time  of  the  toftering  of  the  evening  sacrifice,  that  there  was  neither  voice, 
A  Le.  19.23.        nor  auv  to  auswer,  nor  any  *that  regarded.  ,,     a    ^ 

^";;;/Crtir       ''  And  Ehjah  said  unto  all  the  people,  "  Come  near  unto  me.      And 
/i'co.r;T  all  the  people  came  near  unto  him.     And  he  repaired  the  altar  of  the 
"       Lord  that  was  broken  down.  '^  And  Elijah  took  twelve  stones   accord- 

,•  .1       .     I _f  *!,„  „^.^c.  r^f   ici^nU    iinfn  whom    tie 


X  Heb.  ascending' 
*  Heb.  attention. 


L.0RD  mat  was  diokcu  uuwii.      ^i-nu  ..^..j^.- \      :  ,  .1 

ing  to  the  number  of  the  tribes  of  the  sons  of  Jacob  unto  whom  the 
jGe.32.28.&  word  of  the  LoRD  Came,  sayiiig,  ^' Is.aePshall  be  thy  name.  -And 
;'col%  ,7  with  the  stones  he  built  an  altar  4n  the  name  of  the  Lord  ;  and  he 
'      ■       ■         made  a  trench  about  the  altar,  as  great  as  would  contain  two  measures 


of  seed.  33  And  he  put  the  wood  in  order,  and  cut  the  bullock  in  pieces 
and  laid  him  on  the  wood,  and  said,  "  Fill  four  barrels  with  water  and 
pour  it  on  the  burnt  sacrifice,  and  on  the  wood."  ^^  And  he  said,  •  Do 
it  the  second  time."    And  they  did  it  the  second  time.     And  he  said, 


646  ELIJAH  FLIES  FROM  JEZEBEL.  [Period  VL 

"  Do  it  the  third  time."    And  they  did   it  the  third  time.  ^^  And   the 

tHeb.  went.         water   Iran    round  about    the   ahar :    and  he   filled    the    trench   also 

with  water.  ^'^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  time  of  the  otTering  of  the 

evening  sacrifice,  that  Elijah  the  prophet  came  near,  and  said,  "  Lord 

eEx.  3. 6.  'God  of  Abraham.  Isaac,  and  of  Israel,  '"let  it  be  known  this   day  that 

tn  2  Ki  19  19  Ps  .  '  ^ 

83. 18.   '    '    *  thou  art  God  in  Israel,  and   that  I  am  thy  servant,  and  that  "I  have 

nNu.  16.28.  donc  all  these  things  at  thy  word.  •''Hear  me,  O  Lord,  hear  me,  that 
this  people  may  know  that  thou  art  the  Lord  God,  and  that  thou  hast 

"e^l'iVch''"]     turned  their  heart  back  again."  -"^  Then  "the  fire  of  the  Lord  fell,  and 

26. 2'cii.  ?;  1.  ■    consumed  the  burnt  sacrifice,  and  the  wood,  and  the  stones,  and  the 

dust,  and  licked  up  the  water  that  was  in  the  trench.  ^^And  when  all 

the  people  saw  it,  they  fell  on  their  faces  ;  and  they  said,  "  The  Lord, 

he  is  the  God  !  the  Lord,  he  is  the  God  !  "  "^^  And  Elijah  said   unto 

^sKi'^io'^-^""''  them,  "  JTake  the  prophets  of  Baal ;  let  not  one  of  them  escape."  And 
they  took  them  ;  and  Elijah  brought  them  down  to  the  brook  Kishon, 

p  De.  13. 5.  &  18.  and ''slew  them  there. 

20. 

^'  And  Elijah  said  unto  Ahab,  "  Get  thee  up,  eat  and  drink  ;  for  there 

*oi,asoundo/    [s  *a  souud  of  abundancc  of  rain."  **- So  Ahab  went  up  to  eat  and  to 

jj^s.n/is.""     drink.    And  Elijah  went  up  to  the  top  of  Carmel ;  'and  he  cast  himself 

down  upon  the  earth,  and  put  his  face  between  his  knees,  ^^  and  said 

to  his  servant,  "  Gt)  up  now,  look  toward  the  sea."  And  he  went  up, 

and  looked,  and  said,  "  There  is  nothing."  And  he  said,  "  Go  again 

seven  times."  ''^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  seventh  time,  that  he  said, 

'•  Behold,  there  ariseth  a  little  cloud  out  of  the  sea,  like  a  man's  hand." 

^BM^'^'°''     "^"*^  ^^^  f^a\d,  ''Go  up,  say  unto  Ahab,  tPrepare  thy  chariot,  and  get 

thee  down,  that  the  rain  stop  thee   not.'  "  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  in 

the  mean  while,  that  the  heaven  was  black  with  clouds  and  wind,  and 

there  was  a  great  rain.     And  Ahab  rode,  and  went  to  Jezreel.  '^^  And 

the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  on  Elijah  ;  and  he  girded   up  his  loins,  and 

XHeh.tuithou     ran  before  Ahab  tto  the  entrance  of  Jezreel. 

come  to  ezreei.         ,  ^^^^  ^j^^j^  ^        Jezcbcl  all  that  Elijah  had  done,  and      iKiscs  xix. 

1—21 

withal  how  he  had  slain  all  tiie  prophets  with  the  sword. 

f-Ruyh  '.  17.  2  Then  Jezebel  sent  a  messenger  unto  Elijah,  saying,  "  So  'let  the  gods 
do  to  me.  and  more  also,  if  I  make  not  thy  life  as  the  life  of  one  of 
them  by  to-morrow  about  this  time."  ^  And  when  he  saw  that,  he  arose, 

«Ge.  19. 17.  and  '"went  for  his  life,  and  came  to  Beer-sheba,  which  belongeth  to 
Judah.  and  left  his  servant  there.  *  But  he  himself  went  a  day's  journey 
into  the  wilderness,  and  came  and  sat  down  under  a  juniper  tree  ;  and 

*6^u'"nah4°3    '^^^  requested  *for  himself  that  he  might  die  ;  and  said,  '•'  It  is  enough  ; 
••*•  '   now,  O  Lord  !  take  away  my  life  ;  for  I  am  not  better  than  my  fathers." 

*Heb./urhis  5  ^Ynd  as  he  lay  and  slept  under  a  juniper  tree,  behold,  then  an 

angel  touched  him,   and  said  unto  him,  "Arise  and  eat."  "^  And  he 
looked,  and,  behold,  there  was  a  cake  baken  on  the  coals,  and  a  cruse 

\Heb.  bohter.  of  Water  at  his  thead.  And  he  did  eat  and  drink,  and  laid  him  down 
again.  "  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord  came  again  the  second  time,  and 
touched  him,  and  said,  '•  Arise  and  eat  ;  because  the  journey  is  too  great 
for  thee."  ^  And  he  arose,  and  did  cat  and  drink,  and  went    in    the 

"d °.  g.^'g.^s.^"    strength  of  that  meat  "forty  days  and  forty  nights  unto  Horeb  the 
Mat.  4. 2.  mount  of  God. 

'■^  And  he  came  thither  unto  a  cave,  and  lodged  there ;  and,  behold, 
the  word  of  the  Lord  came   to  him,  and  he  said   unto   him,  "  What 

w'nu.^25."'ii  13.  ^locst  tliou  here,  Elijah  ?  "  ^"  And  he  said,  "I  "iiave  been  very  "jealous 
for  the  Lord  God  of  hosts  :  for  the  children  of  Israel  have  forsaken 
thy  covenant,  thrown  down  thine  altars,  and  slain  thy  prophets  with 

X  Ro.  n.  3.  ^Y^Q  sword  ;  ""and  I,  eve7i  I  only,  am  left ;  and  they  seek  my  life,  to  take 
it  away."   ^'  And  he  said,  "  Go  forth,  and  stand  upon  the  mount  before 

j(_Ez.  1  4. &.  3,.  ^j^p  Lord."     And.  behold,  the  Lord  passed  by, and  "a  great  and  strong 


Part  VI.]  BEN-HADAD  BESIEGES  SAMARIA.  G47 

wind  rent  the  mountains,  and  brake  in  pieces  the  rocks  before  the  Lord  ; 
but  the  Lord  was  not  in  the  wind  :  and  after  the  wind  an  earthquake  ; 
but  the  Lord  was  not  in  the  earthquake  :   ^~  and  after  the  earthquake  a 
fire ;  but  the  Lord  was  not  in  the  fire :  and  after  the  fire  a  still  small 
1  So  Ex.  3. 6.  Is.  voice  !   ^^  And  it  was  so,  when  Elijah  heard  it,  that  ""he  wrapped  his  face 
in  his  mantle,  and  went  out,  and  stood  in  the  enterins;  in  of  the  cave. 
And,  behold,  there  came  a  voice  unto  him,  and  said,  "What  doest  thou 
here,  Elijah  ?  "  ^'^  And  he  said,  "  I  have  been  very  jealous  for  the  Lord 
God  of  hosts :  because  the  children  of  Israel  have  forsaken  thy  cove- 
nant, thrown  down  thine  altars,  and  slain  thy  prophets  with  the  sword  ; 
and  I,  even  I  only,  am  left ;  and  they  seek  my  life,  to  take  it  away." 
'5  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "Go,  return  on  thy  way  to  the  wilder- 
aSKi.  8. 12, 13.   ness  of  Damascus,  "and  when  thou  comest,  anoint  Hazael  to  be  king 
6  2Ki.  9. 1-3.       over  Syria;  ^"^  and  ''Jehu  the  son  of  Nimshi  shalt  thou  anoint  to  be 
eL...  4. 27,         l;ing  Qvcr  Isracl ;  and  'Elisha  the  son  of  Shaphat  of  Abel-meholah 
diilt's^^'iTl'    shalt  thou  anoint  to  be  prophet  in  thy  room.  ^''  And  ''it  shall  come  to 
6&C  fc^if  i*^'  P^SS'  that  him  that  escapeth  the  sword  of  Hazael  shall  Jehu  slay  ;  and 
e  See  Ho.  0. 5. "    him  that  escapeth  from  the  sword  of  Jehu  shall  'Elisha  slay.  ^^^  Yet  tl 
^lui^'/rf  ''"''■  ^^"^'6  left  me  seven   thousand  in  Israel,  all  the  knees  which  have  not 
/See  Ho.  13.2.     bovvcd  uuto  Baal,  -^and  every  mouth  which  hath  not  kissed  him." 

1^  So  he  departed  thence,  and  found  Elisha  the  son  of  Shaphat,  who 

was  ploughing  with  twelve  yoke  of  oxen  before  him,  and  he  with  the 

twelfth  ;  and  Elijah  passed  by  him,  and  cast  his  mantle   upon   him. 

^hu^'il]^k~~'  -"And  he  left  the  oxen,  and  ran  after  Elijah,  and  said,  "  Let  ^me,  I 

pray  thee,  kiss  my  father  and  my  mother,  and  then  I  will  follow  thee." 

*  Heb.oo  rciur7i.  And  hc  Said  unto  him,  "  *Go  back  again;  for  what  have  I  done  to 

thee?  "  ^^  And  he  returned  back  from  him,  and  took  a  yoke  of  oxen, 
ft2  .sa.  24. 22.      a.nd  slew  them,  and  "boiled  their  flesh  with  the  instruments  of  the  oxen, 

and  gave  unto  the  people,  and  they  did  eat.  Then  he  arose,  and  went 
after  Elijah,  and  ministered  unto  him. 

SECT.  HI.  Section  TIL — Bcn-liadad  besieges  Samaria  ; — He  is  defeated; — He  is 

a.mT^103.  conquered  at  Aphek. 

B.  C.  901.  ,  „  ,     .„ 

Hale,,  897.  1  KiNGS  XX.  1-43. 

1  And  Ben-hadad  the  king  of  Syria  gathered  all  his  host  together, 
(and  there  were  thirty  and  two  kings  with  him,  and  horses,  and  char- 
iots ;)  and  he  went  up  and  besieged  Samaria,  and  warred  against  it. 
2  And  he  sent  messengers  to  Ahab  king  of  Israel  into  tlie  city,  and  said 
unto  him,  "Thus  .saith  Ben-hadad,  ^Thy  silver  and  thy  gold  is  mine  ; 
thy  wives  also  and  thy  children,  even  the  goodliest,  are  mine."  And  the 
king  of  Israel  answered  and  said,  "  My  lord,  O  king,  according  to  thy 
saying,  I  am  thine,  and  all  that  I  have."  ^  And  the  messengers  came 
again,  and  said,  "  Thus  speaketh  Ben-hadad,  saying,  Although  I  have 
sent  unto  thee,  saying,  '  Thou  shalt  deliver  me  thy  silver,  and  thy  gold, 
and  thy  wives,  and  thy  children  ; '  ''yet  I  will  send  my  servants  unto 
thee  to-morrow  about  this  time,  and  they  shall  search  thy  house,  and 

*  Heb.  desirable,    the  houscs  of  thy  scrvauts  ;  and  it  shall  be,  that  whatsoever  is  *  pleasant 

in  thine  eyes,  they  shall  put  it  in  their  hand,  and  take  it  away."  '^Thcn 
the  king  of  Israel  called  all  the  elders  of  the  land,  and  said,  "  Mark, 
I  pray  you,  and  .see  how  this  man  seeketh  mischief;  for  he  sent  unto 
me  for  my  wives,  and  for  my  children,  and  for  my  silver,  and  for  my 
^  ueh.  r  Jrept  not  goM,  and  tI  denied  him  not."  ^And  all  the  elders  and  all  the  people 
back  from  Mm.  ^^.^^j^j  ^^.^^^  j^j^^^  "  Hcarkcn  uot  uuto  him,  nor  consent."  ^Wherefore  he 
said  unto  the  messengers  of  Ben-liadad,  "  Tell  my  lord  the  king.  All 
that  thou  didst  send  for  to  thy  servant  at  the  first  I  will  do :  but  this 


648 


BEX-HADAD  IS  DEFEATED. 


[Period  VI. 


J  Heb.  are  at  my 
feet:  so  Ex.  H. 
tJ.  Ju.  4.  10. 


*  Heb.  word. 
t  Or,  tents. 

X  Or,  Place  Vie 
engine-i.  .Snd 
tlieij  placed  en- 
gines. 

*  Heb.  ap- 
pruaclud. 


t  Or,  servants. 
I  Ffeb.  bind,  or, 


*  Heb.  that  was 
faW-n. 


A.  .^^.  300-1. 

R.  C.  900. 
t  Hib.  to  the  war 

with  Israel. 
%  Or,  were  ric- 

tuaUed. 


thing  I  may  not  do."'  And  the  messengers  departed,  and  brought  hmi 
word  again.  ^^  And  Ben-hadad  sent  unto  him,  and  said,  "  The  gods  do 
so  unto  me,  and  more  also,  if  the  dust  of  Samaria  shall  suffice  for 
handfuls  for  all  the  people  that  tfollow  me."  ^^  And  the  king  of  Israel 
answered  and  said,  '■  Tell  him.  Let  not  him  thatgirdeth  on  his  harness 
boast  himself  as  he  that  putteth  it  off."  ^'^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
Ben-hadad  heard  this  *message,  as  he  was  drinking,  he  and  the  kings 
in  the  Ipavilions,  that  he  said  unto  his  servants,  "  \  Set  yourselves  in 
array."     And  tiiey  set  themselves  in  array  against  the  city. 

^•'And,  behold,  there  *came  a  prophet  unto  Ahab  king  of  Israel, 
saying,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Hast  thou  seen  all  this  great  multi- 
tude ?  behold,  I  will  deliver  it  into  thy  hand  this  day  ;  and  thou  shalt 
know  that  I  am  the  Lord."  ^"^  And  Ahab  said,  ••  By  whom  ?"  And  he 
said,  '■  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Even  by  the  tyoung  men  of  the  princes 
of  the  provinces."  Then  he  said,  "Who  shall  torder  the  battle?" 
And  he  answered,  •'  Thou." 

^^  Then  he  numbered  the  young  men  of  the  princes  of  the  provinces, 
and  they  were  two  hundred  and  thirty-two:  and  after  them  he  num- 
bered all  the  people,  even  all  the  children  of  Israel,  being  seven  thousand. 
^^  And  they  went  out  at  noon.  But  Ben-hadad  was  drinking  himself 
drunk  in  the  pavilions,  he  and  the  kings,  the  thirty  and  two  kings  that 
helped  him.  ^'  And  the  young  men  of  the  princes  of  the  provinces 
went  out  first ;  and  Ben-hadad  sent  out,  and  they  told  him,  saying, 
"  There  are  men  come  out  of  Samaria."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Whether 
they  be  come  out  for  peace,  take  them  alive  ;  or  whether  they  be  come 
out  for  war,  take  them  alive."  ^^  So  these  young  men  of  the  princes 
of  the  provinces  came  out  of  the  city,  and  the  army  which  followed 
them.  ~'^  And  they  slew  every  one  his  man  :  and  the  Syrians  fled,  and 
Israel  pursued  them  ;  and  Ben-hadad  the  king  of  Syria  escaped  on  a 
horse  with  the  horsemen.  ^^  And  the  king  of  Israel  went  out,  and  smote 
the  horses  and  chariots,  and  slew  the  Syrians  with  a  great  slaughter. 

■^^And  the  prophet  came  to  the  king  of  Israel,  and  said  unto  him, 
"  Go,  strengthen  thyself,  and  mark,  and  see  what  thou  doest ;  for  at 
the  return  of  the  year  the  king  of  Syria  will  come  up  against  thee.'' 
2^  And  the  servants  of  the  king  of  Syria  said  unto  him,  "  Their  gods 
are  gods  of  the  hills  ;  therefore  they  were  stronger  than  we ;  but  let 
us  fight  against  them  in  the  plain,  and  surely  we  shall  be  stronger  than 
they.  -^  And  do  this  thing.  Take  the  kings  away,  every  man  out  of 
his  place,  and  put  captains  in  their  rooms.  -^  And  number  thee  an 
army,  like  the  army  *that  thou  hast  lost,  horse  for  horse,  and  chariot 
for  chariot ;  and  we  will  fight  against  them  in  the  plain,  and  surely  we 
shall  be  stronger  than  they."  And  he  h.earkened  unto  their  voice,  and 
did  so. 

-*"'  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  return  of  the  year,  that  Ben-hadad 
numbered  the  Syrians,  and  went  up  to  Aphek,  fto  fight  against  Israel. 
-"^  And  the  children  of  Israel  were  numbered,  and  twere  all  present,  and 
went  against  them.  And  the  children  of  Israel  pitched  before  them 
like  two  little  flocks  of  kids  ;  but  the  Syrians  filled  the  country. 

^^  And  there  came  a  man  of  God.  and  spake  unto  the  king  of  Israel, 
and  said,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Because  the  Syrians  have  said,  '  The 
Lord  is  God  of  the  hills,  but  he  is  not  God  of  the  valleys,'  therefore 
will  I  deliver  all  this  great  multitude  into  thy  hand,  and  ye  shall  know 
that  I  am  the  Lord."  ^'^  And  they  pitched  one  over  against  the  other 
seven  days.  And  so  it  was,  that  in  the  seventh  day  the  battle  was 
joined  ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  slew  of  the  Syrians  an  hundred 
thousand  footmen  in  one  day.  ^"^  But  the  rest  fled  to  Aphek,  into  the 
city  ;  and  there  a  wall  fell  upon  twenty  and  seven  thousand  of  the  men 


15. 
d.  1  Ki.  13.  17, 


■f  Heb.  smiting 
and  wounding. 


p^RT  VI.]  SEIZURE  OF  NABOTH'S  VINEYARD.  649 

*  o,,  from  Cham-  that  wcie  left.     Aiid  Ben-hadad  fled,  and  came  into  the  city,  *into  an 

her  to  chamber.        .  ,  , 

Heb.  into  a  cAam-  inner  Chamber. 

6era,ii/«««^cAam-       31  ^^^^  j^-^  ggryantg  gaid  unto  him,  "  Behold  now,  we  have  heard  that 

the  kinos  of  the  house  of  Israel  are  merciful  kings  :  let  us,  I  pray  thee, 
cGe.37.34.         -^put  sackcloth  on  our  loins,  and  ropes  upon  our  heads,  and  go  out  to 
the   king  of  Israel — peradventure  he  will  save  thy   life."  ^^  So  they 
girded  sackcloth  on  their  loins,  and  put  ropes  on  their  heads,  and  came 
?o  the  king  of  Israel,  and  said,  "  Thy  servant  Ben-hadad  saith,  I  pray 
thee,  let  me  live."     And  he  said,  "  Is  he  yet  alive  ?  he  is  my  brother." 
33  Now  the  men  did  diligently  observe  whether  any  thing  would  come 
from    him,  and   did  hastily  catch  it  ;  and  they  said,    "  Thy    brother 
Ben-hadad."  Then  he  said,  "Go  ye,  bring  him."  Then  Ben-hadad 
came  forth  to  him  ;  and   he  caused  him  to  come  up  into  tiie  chariot. 
iiKi.  15.20.      34  Aj-jd  Ben-hadad  said  unto  him,  "  The  ^cities,  which  my  father  took 
from  thy  father,  I  will  restore  ;  and  thou  shalt  make  streets  for  thee 
in  Damascus,  as  my  father  made  in  Samaria."    Then  said  Ahab,  "  I 
will  send  thee  away  with  this  covenant."  So  he  made  a  covenant  with 
him,  and  sent  him  away. 
2  Ki.2. 3,5, 7,        35  ^j-,jj  a,  certain  man  of  'the  sons  of  the  prophets  said  unto  his  neigh- 
bour ''in  the  word  of  the  Lord,  "  Smite  me,  I  pray  thee."  And  the  man 
refused  to  smite  him.  ^^  Then  said  he  unto  him,  "  Because  thou  hast 
not  obeyed  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  behold,  as  soon  as  thou  art  depart- 
ed from  me,  a  lion  shall  slay  thee."   And  as  soon  as  he  was  departed 
from  him,  'a  lion  found  him,  and  slew  him.  ^7  Then  he  found  another 
man,  and  said,  "  Smite  me,  I  pray  thee."  And  the  man  smote  him,  tso 
that  in  smiting  he  wounded  him.  ^s  So  the  prophet  departed,  and  waited 
for  the  king  by  the  way,  and  disguised  himself  with  ashes  upon  his 
/See  2  sa.  12.  1,  f^ce.  39  And  ^as  the  king  passed  by,  he  cried  unto  the  king;  and  he 
*""■  said,  ''  Thy  servant  went  out  into  the  midst  of  the  battle  ;  and,  behold,  a 
man  turned  aside,  and  brought  a  man  unto  me,  and  said,  Keep  this 
^2  Ki.  10. 24.      man  :  if  by  any  means  he  be  missing,  then  "'shall  thy  life  be  for  his  life, 
X  Heb.  weigh.       or  cisc  thou  shalt  tpay  a  talent  of  silver.  ^°  And  as  thy  servant  was 
*  Heb.  Ae  was  not.  busy  licrc  and  there,  *he  was  gone."  And  the  king  of  Israel  said  unto 
hini,  "  So  shall  thy  judgment  be  ;  thyself  hast  decided  it.^'  ^^  And  he 
hasted,  and  took  the  ashes  away  from  his  face  ;  and  the  king  of  Israel 
discerned  him  that  he  was  of  the  prophets.  ^^  And  he  said  unto  him, 
AiKi.22. 31-37.  u  r^^^yy^  g^ith  tiic  LoRD,  ''Becausc  thou  hast  let  go  out  of  thy  hand  a 
man  whom  I  appointed  to  utter  destruction,  therefore  thy  life  shall  go 
for  his  life,  and  thy  people  for  his  people."  ^3  And  the  king  of  Israel 
went  to  his  house  heavy  and  displeased,  and  came  to  Samaria. 

SECT.  IV.  Section    IV. — Seizure  of  Nahotli's  Vineyard  hy  Ahab. 

A.^3m.  1  Kings  xxi. 

B.  C.  899.  Allah  being  denied  Naboth's  vineyard  is  grieved.      5  Jezebel   causeth    Nahoth  to   be  condemned. 
°  17  Elijah  denouncelh  judgments  against  Ahab  and  Jezebel. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  after  these  things,  that  Naboth  the  Jezreehte 

had  a  vineyard,  which  was  in  Jezreel,  hard  by  the  palace  of  Ahab  king 

of  Samaria.  -  And  Ahab  spake  unto  Naboth,  saying,  "  Give  me  thy 

aisa.8. 14.       ""vineyard,  that  I  may  have  it  for  a  garden  of  herbs,  because  it  is  near 

unto  my  house,  and  I  will  give  thee  for  it  a  better  vineyard  than  it  ; 

*  Heb.  be  good    Or,  if  it  *seem  good  to  thee,  I  will  give  thee  the  worth  of  it  in  money." 

/Le'trSrEz.  'And  Naboth  said  to  Ahab,  "The  Lord  forbid  it  me,  "that  I  should 

give  the  inheritance  of  my  fathers  unto  thee."  **  And  Ahab  came  into 

his  house  heavy  and  displeased  because  of  the  word  which  Naboth  the 

Jezreelite  had  spoken  to  him  ;  for  he  had  said,  "  I  will  not  give  thee  the 

inheritance  of  my  fathers."      And  he  laid  him  down  upon  his  bed,  and 

turned  away  his  face,  and  would  eat  no  bread. 

82  3  c 


46.  18. 


650  SEIZURE  OF  NABOTH'S  VINEYARD.  [P£RroD  VL 

^  But  Jezebel  his  wife  came  to  him,  and  said  unto  him,  '•  Why  is  thy 
spirit  so  sad,  that  thou  eatest  no  bread  ?  "  ^  And  he  said  unto  her,  "  Be- 
cause I  spake  unto  Naboth  the  JezreeUte,  and  said  unto  him,  '  Give 
me  thy  vineyard  for  money  ;  or  else,  if  it  please  thee,  I  will  give  thee 
another  vineyard  for  it : '  and  he  answered,  '  I  will  not  give  thee  my 
vineyard.'"  "And  Jezebel  his  wife  said  unto  him,  "  Dost  thou  now 
govern  the  kingdom  of  Israel  ?  arise,  and  eat  bread,  and  let  thy  heart 
be  merry :  I  will  give  thee  the  vineyard  of  Naboth  the  Jezreehte." 
®  So  she  wrote  letters  in  Ahab's  name,  and  sealed  them  with  his  seal, 
and  sent  the  letters  unto  the  elders  and  to  the  nobles  that  were  in  his 
city,  dwelling  with  Naboth.  '^  And  she  wrote  in  the  letters,  saying, 
fijeb.  inthetop    u  Proclaim  a  fast,  and  set  Naboth  fon  high  among  the  people.  ^^  And  set 

of  the  people.  '  o  o  I         1 

two  men,  sons  of  Belial,  before  him,  to  bear  witness  against  him,  say- 
'^jF^i^-- 28- Ac.   ing.  Thou  didst  "blaspheme  God  and   the  king.     And  then  carry  him 
dLe. 24. 14.        out,  and   ''stone  him,  that  he  may  die."   ^^  And  the  men  of  his  city, 
even  the  elders  and  the  nobles  who  were  the  inhabitants   in  his  city, 
did  as  Jezebel  had  sent  unto  them,  and  as  it  was  written  in  the  letters 
ei9. 58. 4.  which  she   had  sent  unto  them.  ^^They  'proclaimed  a  fast,  and  set 

Naboth  on  high  among  the  people.  ^"^  And  there  came  in  two  men, 
children  of  Belial,  and  sat  before  him  ;  and  the  men  of  Behal  witnessed 
against  him,  even  against  Naboth,  in  the  presence  of  the  people,  say- 
/See2Ki.9.26.    jj^g^  «  Naboth  did  blaspheme  God  and  the  king."  -^Then  they  carried 
him  forth  out  of  the  city,  and   stoned  him  with  stones,  that   he  died, 
^"'Then  they  sent  to  Jezebel,  saying,"  Naboth  is  stoned,  and  is  dead." 
*^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Jezebel  heard  that  Naboth  was  stoned, 
and  was  dead,  that  Jezebel  said  to  Ahab,  "  Arise,  take    possession  of 
the  vineyard  of  Naboth  the  Jezreelite,  which  he  refused  to  give  thee 
for  money  ;  for  Naboth  is  not  alive,  but  dead."  ^"^And  it  came  to  pass, 
when  Ahab  heard  that   Naboth  was  dead,  that  Ahab   rose   up  to  go 
down  to  the  vineyard  of  Naboth  the  Jezreelite,  to  take  possession  of  it. 
^'''And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Elijah  the  Tishbite,  saying, 
^^  "  Arise,  go  down  to  meet  Ahab  king  of  Israel,  which  is  in  Samaria  ; 
behold,  he  is  in  the  vineyard  of  Naboth,  whither  he  is  gone  down  to  pos- 
sess it.  ^^  And  thou  shalt  speak  unto  him,  saying.  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Hast  thou  killed,  and  also  taken  possession  ?  And  thou  shalt  speak 
^iKi.22.38.      uf^tQ  ]^i^^  saying,  Thus  saith   the  Lord,  ^In  the  place  wiiere  dogs 
licked  the  blood  of  Naboth  shall  dogs  lick  thy  blood,  even  thine." 
^°  And  Ahab  said  to  Elijah,  '•  Hast  thou  found  me,  O  mine  enemy  ?  " 
And  he  answered,  "  I  have  found  thee  ;  because  Hhou   hast  sold  thy- 
self to  work  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord.  -'  Behold,  'I  will  bring  evil 
upon  thee,  and  will  take  away  thy  posterity,  and  will  cut  off  from  Ahab 
him  that  pisseth  against  the  wall,  and  ^him  that  is  shut  uj)  and  left  in 
Israel,  -and  will  make  thy  house  like  the  house  of  'Jeroboam  the  son 
1 1  Ki.  16. 3, 11.     Qf  Nebat,  and  like  the  house  of  'Baasha  the  son  of  Ahijah,  for  the  prov- 
ocation wherewith  thou   hast  provoked  me  to  anger,  and  made  Israel 
71. 2  Ki.  9. 36.       to  sin."  -3  And  '"of  Jezebel  also  spake  the   Lord,  saying,  "The  dog.s 
\  OT,diich.  shall  eat  Jezebel  by  the  Uvall  of  Jezreel.  ~*  Him  "that  dieth  of  Aiiab  in 

"i6.'4;  ^*'  "■  ^  the  city  the  dogs  shall  eat ;  and  iiim  that  dieth  in  the  fields  shall  the 
fowls  of  the  air  eat." 

2^  But  there  was  none  like  unto  Ahab,  which  did  sell  himself  to  work 
*Ot,  incited.       wickedness  in  the   sight  of  the  Lord,  whom  Jezebel    his  wife  *stirred 
up.    25  And  he  did  very  abominably  in  following  idols,  according  to  all 
"qklIlu.       things  "as  did  the  Amorites,  whom  the  Lord  cast  out  before  the   chil- 
dren of  Israel. 

-"And  it  came  to  pass,  when  Ahab  heard  those  words,  that  he  rent 

pGe.37.34.        1,;^  elothes,  and  ''put  sackcloth  upon    his  flesh,  and  fasted,  and  lay  in 

sackcloth,  and  went  softly.  -^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Eli- 


A2Ki 
7.  14. 

.17. 

17. 

Ro. 

ilKi. 
2Ki. 

14. 
9.8 

10. 

jlKi. 

14. 

10. 

k  1  Ki 

.  15. 

29. 

ffSKi 

.  9. 

25. 

SECT 

.    V, 

A. 

M. 

3107. 

B. 

C. 

897. 

Ha 

LES 

,  897. 

cDe. 

4.43. 

THE  DEATH  OF  AHAB.  651 

iah  the  Tishbite,  saying,  ^°  "  Seest  thou  how  Ahab  humbleth  himself 
before  me?  because  he  humbleth  himself  before  me,  I  will  not  bring 
the  evil  in  his  days  ;  but  'in  his  son's  days  will  I  bring  the  evil  upon 

his  house." 

Section    V. — Death  of  Ahab. 
1  Kings  xxii.  1-40.— 2  Chron.  xviii.  3,  to  the  end. 

Ahab,  seduced  by  false  prophets,  is  slain  at  Ramoth-giUad.     37  Tlie  dogs  lick  up  his  Mood. 

1  And  they  continued  three  years  without  war  between   Syria   and 
Israel.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass   in  the  third  year,  that  Jehoshaphat  the 
king  of  Judah   came  down  to  the  king  of  Israel.  ^  And  the  king  of 
Israel  said  unto  his  servants,  "  Know  ye  that  "Ramoth  in  Gilead  is  ours, 
*  Heu.  silent  from  and  wc  bc  *still,  aud  take  it  not  out  of  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Syria  ?  " 

taku,gu.  4  ^^^  ^^  ^^.^  ^^^^^  Jehoshaphat,  "  Wilt  thou  go  with  me  to  battle  to 

Ramoth-gilead  ?  "  And  Jehoshaphat  said  to  the  king  of  Israel,  "  I  am  as 
thou  art,  my  people  as  thy  people,  my  horses  as  thy  horses."  ^  And 
Jehoshaphat  said  unto  the  king  of  Israel,  "  Inquire,  I  pray  thee,  at  the 
word  of  the  Lord  to-day."  ^  Then  the  king  of  Israel  gathered  the  proph- 
ets together,  about  four  hundred  men,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Shall  I  go 
again?t  Ramoth-gilead  to  battle,  or  shall  I  forbear?"  And  they  said, 
"  Go  up  ;  for  the  Lord  shall  deliver  it  into  the  hand  of  the  king." 
''And  Jehoshaphat  said,  "  Is  there  not  here  a  prophet  of  the  Lord  be- 
sides, that  we  might  inquire  of  him?"  ^And  the  king  of  Israel  said 
unto  Jehoshaphat,  "  There  is  yet  one  man,  Micaiah  the  son  of  Imlah, 
by  whom  we  may  inquire  of  the  Lord  :  but  I  hate  him  ;  for  he  doth 
not  prophesy  good  concerning  me,  but  evil."  And  Jehoshaphat  said, 
tOr,  eujmcft.  "Let  uot  the  king  say  so."  ^  Then  the  king  of  Israel  called  an  tofficer, 
and  said,  "  Hasten  hither  Micaiah  the  son  of  Imlah."  i°  And  the  king 
of  Israel  and  Jehoshaphat  the  king  of  Judah  sat  each  on  his  throne, 

t  Heb.jioor.  having  put  on  their  robes,  in  a  tvoid  place  in  the  entrance  of  the  gate 
of  Samaria;  and  all  the  prophets  prophesied  before  them.  ^^  And  Zed- 
ekiah  the  son  of  Chenaanah  made  him  horns  of  iron  :  and  he  said, 
"  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  With  these  shalt  thou  push  the  Syrians,  until 
thou  have  consumed  them."  ^^And  all  the  prophets  prophesied  so, 
saying,  "  Go  up  to  Ramoth-gilead,  and  prosper ;  for  the  Lord  shall 
deliver  it  into  the  king's  hand."  i=^And  the  messenger  that  was  gone 
to  call  Micaiah  spake'unto  him,  saying,  "  Behold  now,  the  words  of  the 
prophets  declare  good  unto  the  king  with  one  mouth  ;  let  thy  word,  I 
pray  thee,  be  like  the  word  of  one  of  them,  and   speak  that  which  is 

&NU.22.38.  good."  14  And  Micaiah  said,  "  As  the  Lord  live th,  *what  the  Lord 
saith  unto  me,  that  will  I  speak." 

ai.e.Ahab.-£(Z.  15  go  j^g  ^amc  to  the  ='king.  And  the  king  said  unto  him,  "  Mica- 
iah, shall  we  go  against  Ramoth-gilead  to  battle,  or  shall  we  forbear?  " 
And  he  answered  him,  "  Go,  and  prosper  ;  for  the  Lord  shall  deliver  it 
into  the  hand  of  the  king."  ^^  And  the  king  said  unto  him,  "  How  many 
times  shall  I  adjure  thee  that  thou  tell  me  nothing  but  that  which  is 
true  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  ?  "  ^^  And  he  said,  "  I  saw  all  Israel 

c  Mat.  9. 36.  "scattered  upon  the  hills,  as  sheep  that  have  not  a  shepherd  :  and  the 
Lord  said,  '  These  have  no  master :  let  them  return  every  man  to  his 
house  in  peace.'  "  ^^  And  the  king  of  Israel  said  unto  Jehoshaphat, 
"  Did  I  not  tell  thee  that  he  would  prophesy  no  good  concerning  me, 
but  evil  ? "  1^  And  he    said,  "  Hear  thou  therefore  the  word  of  the 

d  Is.  6. 1.  Da.  7.    Lord.  "I  saw  the  Lord  sitting  on  his  throne,  'and  all  the  host  of  heaven 

/job  1.6.  &9.I.  standing  by  him  on  his  right  hand  and  on  his  left.  20  And  the  Lord 

'lif'Maf  ilSo!  said,  '  Who  shall  *persuade  Ahab,  that  he  may  go  up  and  fall  at  Ra- 
He.  i."?",  14.   ■   moth-o-ilead  ? '    And  one  said  on  this  manner,  and  another  said  on  that 

*  °^'  *"'"'■  manner,  ^i  And  there  came  forth  a  spirit,  and  stood  before  the  Lord, 
and  said,  'I   will  persuade  him.'  '^^And   the    Lord   said   unto  him, 


652 


THE  DEATH  OF  AHAB. 


[Period  VL 


/  Ju.  9.  23.  Job 
12.  16.  Ez.  14.  9. 
2Tliei.2.  11. 

g  Ez.  14.  9. 


A2Ch.  18.23. 


t  Or,  from  cham- 
ber to  chamber. 

I  Heb.  a  chamber 
ill  a  chiimhcr. 
1  Ki.  20.  30. 


*  Or,  when  he  was 
to  disguise  him- 
self, and  enter 
into  the  bMle. 

i  2  Ch.  35.  22. 


f  Heb.  in  his  sim- 
plicity. 2  Sa.  15. 
11. 

J  Ueh.  joints  and 
the  breastplate. 

*  Heb.  made  sick. 

t  Heb.  ascended. 


X  Heb.  boson 


b  Or,  v/hea.—Ed. 
I  1  Ki.  21.  19. 
7n  Am.  3.  15. 


t  Or,  eunuchj. 
X  Heb.  Hasten. 

*  Or,  floor. 


'  Wherewith  ? '  And  he  said,  '  I  will  go  forth,  and  I  will  be  a  lying 
spirit  in  the  mouth  of  all  his  prophets.'  And  he  said,  '  Thou  -^shalt  per- 
suade him,  and  prevail  also  :  go  forth,  and  do  so.'  ~^  Now  ^therefore, 
behold,  the  Lord  hath  put  a  lying  spirit  in  the  mouth  of  all  these  thy 
prophets,  and  the  Lord  hath  spoken  evil  concerning  thee."  ^^  But 
Zedekiah  the  son  of  Chenaanah  went  near,  and  smote  Micaiah  on  the 
cheek,  and  .said,  "  Which  ''way  went  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  from  me 
to  speak  unto  thee  ?  "  ~^  And  Micaiah  said,  "  Behold  thou  shall  see  in 
that  day,  when  thou  shalt  go  tinto  tan  inner  chamber  to  hide  thyself." 
2*^  And  the  king  of  Israel  said,  "Take  Micaiah,  and  carry  him  back 
unto  Amon  the  governor  of  the  city,  and  to  Joash  the  king's  son  ; 
-■^and  say.  Thus  saith  the  king,  Put  this  fellow  in  the  prison,  and  feed 
him  with  bread  of  affliction  and  with  water  of  affliction,  until  I  come 
in  peace."  '-^'^  And  Micaiah  said,  "  If  thou  return  at  all  in  peace,  'the 
Lord  hath  not  spoken  by  me."  And  he  said,  "  Hearken,  O  people, 
every  one  of  you  ! " 

^'•^  So  the  king  of  Israel  and  Jehoshaphat  the  king  of  Judah  went  up 
to  Ilamoth-gilead.  •'''  And  the  king  of  Israel  said  unto  Jehoshaphat,  "  *I 
will  disguise  myself,  and  enter  into  the  battle  ;  but  put  thou  on  thy 
robes."  And  the  king  of  Israel  -'disguised  himself,  and  went  into  the 
battle.  -^^  But  the  king  of  Syria  commanded  his  thirty  and  two  captains 
that  had  rule  over  his  chariots,  saying,  "  Fight  neither  with  small  nor 
great,  save  only  with  the  king  of  Israel."  ^-  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
the  captains  of  the  chariots  saw  Jehoshaphat,  that  they  said,  "  Surely 
it  is  the  king  of  Israel."  And  they  turned  aside  to  fight  against  him  : 
and  Jehoshaphat  'cried  out.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  captains 
of  the  chariots  perceived  that  it  was  not  the  king  of  Israel,  that  they 
turned  back  from  pursuing  him.  ^^  And  a  certain  man  drew  a  bow  fat 
a  venture,  and  smote  the  king  of  Israel  between  the  tjoints  of  the  har- 
ness :  wherefore  he  said  unto  the  driver  of  his  chariot,  "  Turn  thy 
hand,  and  carry  me  out  of  the  host;  for  I  am  *wounded."  ^^And 
the  battle  fincreased  that  day :  and  the  king  was  stayed  up  in  his 
chariot  against  the  Syrians,  and  died  at  even  ;  and  the  blood  ran  out 
of  the  wound  into  the  tmidst  of  the  chariot.  ^^  And  there  went  a 
proclamation  throughout  the  host  about  the  going  down  of  the  sun, 
saying,  "  Every  man  to  his  city,  and  every  man  to  his  own  country." 

^''  So  the  king  died,  and  *was  brought  to  Samaria  ;  and  they  buried 
the  king  in  Samaria.  ^^  And  one  washed  the  chariot  in  the  pool  of 
Samaria ;  and  the  dogs  licked  up  his  blood,  ''and  they  washed  his 
armor,  'according  unto  the  word  of  the  Lord  which  he  spake. 

^^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Ahab,  and  all  that  he  did,  and  '"the 
ivory  house  which  he  made,  and  all  the  cities  that  he  built,  are  they 
not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ?  '"'  So 
Ahab  slept  with  his  fathers  ;  and  Ahaziah  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Chron.  xviii.  3,  to  the  end. — ^  And  Ahab  king  of  Israel  said  unto  Jehoshaphat  king 
of  Judah,  "  Wilt  thou  go  with  me  to  Ramoth-gilead .'  "  And  he  answered  him,  "  I  am  as 
thou  art,  and  my  people  as  thy  people;  and  we  will  be  with  thee  in  the  war." 

^  And  Jehoshaphat  said  unto  the  king  of  Israel,"  Inquire,  I  pray  thee,  at  the  word  of 
the  Lord  to-day."  ■'  Therefore  the  king  of  Israel  gatliered  together  of  prophets  four  luin- 
dred  men,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Shall  we  go  to  Ramoth-gilead  to  battle,  or  shall  I  for- 
bear ?  "  And  they  said,  "  Go  up;  for  God  will  deliver  it  into  the  king's  hand."  "  But 
Jehoshaphat  said,  "  Is  there  not  here  a  prophet  of  tiie  Lord  *besides,  that  we  might  in- 
quire of  him  ?  "  ■'  And  the  king  of  Israel  said  unto  Jehoshaphat,  "  There  is  yet  one  man, 
by  whom  we  may  inquire  of  the  Lord  :  but  I  hate  him  ;  for  lie  never  prophesied  good 
unto  me,  but  always  evil ;  the  same  is  Micaiah  the  son  of  Imla."  And  Jehoshaphat  said, 
"  Let  not  the  king  say  so."  *•  And  the  king  of  Israel  called  for  one  of  his  lofficers,  and 
said,  "  tFetcii  quickly  Micaiah  the  son  of  Imla."  -'And  the  king  of  Israel  and  Jehosha- 
phat king  of  Judah  sat  either  of  them  on  his  tlirone,  clothed  in  their  robes,  and  they  sat 
in  a  *void  place  at  the  entering  in  of  the  gate  of  Samaria  ;  and  all  the  prophets  prophe- 


Part  IV.]  REIGN  AND  DEATH  OF  AHAZIAH.  653 

sied  before  them.  '"And  Zcdekiali  the  son  of  Chenaanah  had  made  him  horns  of  iron, 
t  Heb.  thou  cojt-     and  said,  "Thus  saith  tlie  Lord,  With  these  thou  shalt  pusli  Syria  until  fthey  be  con- 
sumed." ''And  all  the  prophets  prophesied  so,  saying,  "  Go   up  to  Ramoth-gilead,  and 
prosper ;  for  the  Lord  shall  deliver  it  into  the  hand  of  the  king."  '^  And  the  messenger 
that  went  to  call  Micaiah  spake  to  him,  saying,  "  Behold,  the  words  of  the  prophets  de- 
J  Heb.  wiA  one      clare  good  to  the  king  twith  one  assent ;  let  thy  word,  therefore,  I  pray  thee,  be  like  one 
"*""'  ■  of  theirs,  and  speak  thou  good."  '•'And  Micaiah  said,  "  As  the  Lord  liveth,  even  what 

my  God  saith,  that  will  I  speak."  '^And  when  he  was  come  to  the  king,  the  king  said 
unto  him,  "  Micaiah,  shall  we  go  to  Ramoth-gilead  to  battle,  or  shall  I  forbear.'  "  And  he 
said,  "  Go  ye  up,  and  prosper,  and  they  shall  be  delivered  into  your  hand."  '"And  the 
king  said  to  him,  "  How  many  times  shall  I  adjure  thee  that  thou  say  nothing  but  the 
truth  to  me  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  ?  "  '^Then  he  said,  "  I  did  see  all  Israel  scattered 
upon  the  mountains,  as  sheep  that  have  no  shepherd  :  and  the  Lord  said,  '  These  have 
no  master  ;  let  them  return  therefore  every  man  to  his  house  in  peace.'  "  '''  And  the  kino- 
of  Israel  said  to  Jehoshaphat,  "  Did  I  not  tell  thee  that  he  would  not  prophesy  good  unto 
*  Ot,  but  for  evil,  me,  *but  evil .'' "  "'Again  he  said,  "  Therefore  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord;  I  saw  the 
Lord  sitting  upon  his  throne,  and  all  the  host  of  heaven  standing  on  his  right  hand  and 
on  his  left.  '^  And  the  Lord  said,  '  Who  shall  entice  Ahab  king  of  Israel,  that  he  may  go 
up  and  fall  at  Ramoth-gilead  .'  '  And  one  spake  saying  after  this  manner,  and  another 
saying  after  that  manner.  ^oThen  there  came  out  a  spirit,  and  stood  before  the  Lord,  and 
said,  '  I  will  entice  him.'  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him, '  Wherewith  .' '  "  And  he  said, 
'  I  will  go  out,  and  be  a  lying  spirit  in  the  mouth  of  all  his  prophets.'  And  the  Lord 
said,  '  Thou  shalt  entice  him,  and  thou  shalt  also  prevail :  go  out,  and  do  even  so.'  ^^  Now 
therefore,  behold,  the  Lord  hath  put  a  lying  spirit  in  the  mouth  of  these  thy  prophets, 
and  the  Lord  hath  spoken  evil  against  thee."  ''^Then  Zedekiah  the  son  of  Chenaanah 
came  near,  and  smote  Micaiah  upon  the  cheek,  and  said,  "  Which  way  went  the  Spirit 
of  the  Lord  from  me  to  speak  unto  thee  ?  "  *■*  And  Micaiah  said,  "  Behold,  thou  shalt 
t  Or,  from  chain-  see  on  that  day  when  thou  shalt  go  tinto  +an  inner  chamber  to  hide  thyself."  ^^Then  the 
H  b"^'T  ^h  king  of  Israel  said,  "  Take  ye  Micaiah,  and  carry  him  back  to  Amon  the  governor  of  the 
in  a  chamber.  city,  and  to  Joash  the  king's  son  ;  ^Sand  say.  Thus  saith  the  king.  Put  this  fellow  in  the 
prison,  and  feed  him  with  bread  of  affliction  and  with  water  of  affliction,  until  I  return 
in  peace."  *^  And  Micaiah  said, '•  If  thou  certainly  return  in  peace,  then  hath  not  the 
Lord  spoken  by  me."  And  he  said, "  Hearken,  all  ye  people  !  " 

'^^So  the  king  of  Israel  and  Jehoshaphat  the  king  of  Judahwent  up  to  Ramoth-gilead. 
''^  And  the  king  of  Israel  said  unto* Jehoshaphat,  "  I  will  disguise  myself,  and  will  go  to  the 
battle;  but  put  thou  on  thy  robes."  So  the  king  of  Israel  disguised  himself;  and  they 
went  to  the  battle.  ^°Now  the  king  of  Syria  had  commanded  the  captains  of  the  chariots 
that  were  with  him,  saying,  "  Fight  ye  not  with  small  or  great,  save  only  with  the  king 
of  Israel."  ^'  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  captains  of  the  chariots  saw  Jehoshaphat 
that  they  said,  "  It  is  the  king  of  Israel."  Therefore  they  compassed  about  him  to  fight, 
but  Jehoshaphat  cried  out,  and  the   Lord  helped  him ;  and  God  moved  them  to  depart 

*  Heb.  after  him.  from  him.  ^^  For  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when  the  captains  of  the  chariots  perceived  that  it 
t  Heb.  in  his  sim-  y^^g  not  the  king  of  Israel,  they  turned  back  again  from  ^pursuing  him.  ^^  And  a  certain 
t  H  b  6  f  ^''"'^  drew  a  bow  tat  a  venture,  and   smote  the  king  of  Israel  ^between  the  joints  of  the 

the  joints  and  be-  harness;  therefore  he  said  to  his  chariot  man,  "Turn  thy  hand,  that  thou  mayest  carry 
'Ta«?  ^'^  *""*'"    ^^  °^^  °^  ^^^  '^°®*  '  ^°^  ^  ^"^  ^wounded."  «  And  the  battle  increased  that  day  :  howbeit 

*  Heb.  made  sick.  *^^  ^^^S  °^  Israel  stayed  himself  up  in  his  chariot  against  the    Syrians  until  the  even  ; 

and  about  the  time  of  the  sun  going  down  he  died. 

SECT.  VI.  Section    VI. — Reign  and  Death  of  Ahaziah. 

1  Kings  xxii.  51,  to  the  end. — 2  Kings  i. 

A.   M.   3107. 

B.  C.  897.  Ahaziah  commits  idolatnj.     Moah  rebelleth.     Ahaziah,  sending  to  Baal-zehuh,  hath  his  judgment  by 

H  LEs    897         Elijah.  Elijahtwicebringeth  fire  fromheaven  on  Ahaziah's  messengers.  Jehoranisucceedeth  Ahaziah. 

—  ^^  Ahaziah  the  son  of  Ahab  began  to  reign  over  Israel  in  Samaria 
the  seventeenth  year  of  Jehoshaphat  king  of  Judah,  and  reigned  two 
years  over  Israel.  ^-  And  he  did  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and 

a  1  Ki.  15. 26.       "walked  in  the  way  of  his  father,  and  in  the  way  of  his  mother,  and  in 
the  way  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  who  made  Israel  to  sin  ;  ^^  for 

''w'di  ^^'  ^  ^''   '^^  served  Baal,  and  worshipped  him,  and  provoked  to  anger  the  Lord 
God  of  Israel,  according  to  all  that  his  father  had  done. 

^  Then  Moab  rebelled  against  Israel  after  the  death  of  Ahab.  2  Kings  1. 
^  And  Ahaziah  fell  down  through  a  lattice  in  his  upper 
chamber  that  was  in  Samaria,  and  was  sick  ;  and  he  sent  messengers, 
and  said  unto  tiiem,  "  Go,  inquire  of  Baal-zebub  the  god  of  Ekron 
whether  I  shall  recover  of  this  disease."  •'But  the  Angel  of  the  Lord 
VOL.  I.  3c* 


654 


THE  REIGN  OF  JEHORAM. 


[Period  VI. 


*  Heb.  The  bed 
whitkor  thou  art 
gone  up,  thou 
shall  not  come 
down  from  it. 


t  Heb.    Wiat  wi 
the  manner  of 


c  See  Ze.  13.  4. 
Mat.  3.  4. 


t  Heb.  bowed. 


el  Sa.2C.  21.  ; 
72.  14. 


♦  The  second 
year  that  ./eho- 
ram  was  Prorez, 
and  the  eight- 
eenth of  Je- 
hoshaphat,  2  Ki. 
3.  1. 


A.    M.  3108. 
B.  C.  896. 
Hales,  897. 


*  Heb.  statue. 

1  Ki.  Id.  3l,:i2. 
o  1  Ki.  12,28,31 

32 


said  to  Elijah  the  Tishbite,  "Arise,  go  up  to  meet  the  messengers  of 
the  king  of  Samaria,  and  say  unto  them,  Is  it  not  because  there  is  not 
a  God  in  Israel,  that  ye  go  to  inquire  of  Baal-zebub  the  god  of  Ekron  ? 
^Now  therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord,  *Thou  shalt  not  come  down  from 
that  bed  on  which  thou  art  gone  up,  but  shalt  surely  die."  And 
Elijah  departed. 

^  And  when  the  messengers  turned  back  unto  him,  he  said  unto  them, 
"Why  are  ye  now  turned  back?  "  ''And  they  said  unto  him,  "There 
came  a  man  up  to  meet  us,  and  said  unto  us,  "Go,  turnaiiain  unto  the 
king  that  sent  you,  and  say  unto  him.  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Is  it  not 
because  there  is  not  a  God  in  Israel,  that  thou  sendest  to  inquire  of 
Baal-zebub  the  god  of  Ekron  ?  therefore  thou  shalt  not  come  down 
from  that  bed  on  which  thou  art  gone  up,  but  shalt  surely  die."  "^  And 
he  said  unto  them,  "  tWhat  manner  of  man  was  he  which  came  up 
to  meet  you,  and  told  you  these  words?"  ^And  they  answered  him, 
"  He  was  'a  hairy  man,  and  girt  with  a  girdle  of  leather  about  his 
loins."  And  he  said,  "  It  is  Elijah  the  Tishbite."  ^  Then  the  king  sent 
unto  him  a  captain  of  fifty  with  his  fifty.  And  he  went  up  to  him  : 
and,  behold,  lie  sat  on  the  top  of  a  hill.  And  he  spake  unto  him, 


"  Thou  man  of  God,  the  king  hath  said.  Come  dc 


And  Elijah 


answered  and  .said  to  the  captain  of  fifty,  "  If  I  be  a  man  of  God,  "'then 
let  fire  come  down  from  heaven,  and  consume  thee  and  thy  fifty."  And 
there  came  down  fire  from  heaven,  and  consumed  him  and  his  fifty. 
^^  Again  also  he  sent  unto  him  another  captain  of  fifty  with  his  fifty.  And 
he  answered  and  said  unto  him,  "  O  man  of  God,  thus  hath  the  king 
said,  Come  down  quickly. "  ^~  And  Elijah  answered  and  said  unto 
them,  "  If  I  be  a  man  of  God,  let  fire  come  down  from  heaven,  and 
consume  thee  and  thy  fifty."  And  the  fire  of  God  came  down  from 
heaven,  and  consumed  him  and  his  fifty. 

^^  And  he  sent  again  a  captain  of  the  third  fifty  with  his  fifty.  And 
the  third  captain  of  fifty  went  up,  and  came  and  tfell  on  his  knees  be- 
fore Elijah,  and  besought  him,  and  said  unto  him,  "  O  man  of  God,  t 
pray  thee,  let  my  life,  and  the  life  of  these  fifty  thy  servants,  'be  pre- 
cious in  thy  sight,  i"*  Behold,  there  came  fire  down  from  heaven,  and 
burnt  up  the  two  captains  of  the  former  fifties  with  their  fifties  ;  there- 
fore let  my  life  now  be  precious  in  thy  sight."  ^^  And  the  Angel  of  the 
Lord  said  unto  Elijah,  "  Go  down  with  him  ;  be  not  afraid  of  him." 
And  he  arose,  and  went  down  with  him  unto  the  king.  ^'^  And  he  said 
unto  him,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Forasmuch  as  thou  hast  sent  messen- 
gers to  inquire  of  Baal-zebub  the  god  of  Ekron,  is  it  not  because  there  is 
no  God  in  Israel  to  inquire  of  his  word  ?  therefore  thou  shalt  not  come 
down  off' that  bed  on  which  thou  art  gone  up,  but  shalt  surely  die." 

^''  So  he  died  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord  which  Elijah  had 
spoken.  And  *Jehoram  reigned  in  his  stead  in  the  second  year  of  Je- 
horam  the  son  of  Jehoshaphat  king  of  Judah  ;  because  he  had  no  son. 
^^Novv  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Ahaziah  which  he  did,  are  they  not  written 
in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ? 

SECTroN    VII. — Reign  ofJehoram  ; — Rebellion  of  Mesh  a  king  of  Moab. 
2  Kings  iii.  1-5. 

^  Now  Jehoram  the  son  of  Ahab  began  to  reign  over  Israel  in  Sa- 
maria in  the  eighteenth  year  of  Jehoshaphat  king  of  Judah,  and  reigned 
twelve  years.  ~  And  he  wrought  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  ;  but 
not  like  his  father,  and  like  his  mother  :  for  he  put  away  the  *image 
of  Baal  that  his  father  had  made.  ^  Nevertheless  he  cleaved  unto  "the 
sins  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  which  made  Israel  to  sin  ;  he 
departed  not  therefrom. 


Part  IV.] 


THE  TRANSLATION  OF  ELIJAH. 


655 


*  And  Mesha  king  of  Moab  was  a  sheepmaster,  and  rendered  unto 
iSee  Is.  16.  ].     the  king  of  Israel  an  hundred  thousand  'lambs,  and  an  hundred  thou- 
sand rams,  with  the  wool.  ^  But  it  came  to  pass,  when  Ahab  was  dead, 
• that  the  king  of  Moab  rebelled  against  the  king  of  Israel. 


SECT.   VUI. 


A.  IM.  3i08. 
B.  C.  89G. 


b  I  Ki.  00.  35. 
2  Ki.  4.  1,  3S.  & 
9.  1. 


Section  VIII. —  The  Translation  of  Elijah. 

2  Kings  ii. 

E/iJuh  dividetk  Jordan,  and  granting  Elisha  his  request,  is  taken  up.     12  Elisha  divideth  Jordan. 
19  He  healetii  the  ivaters.     23  Children  rnocking  Elisha  are  destroyed. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  Lord  would  "take  up  Elijah  into 
heaven  by  a  whirlwind,  that  Elijah  went  with  Elisha  from  Gilgal. 
~  And  Elijah  said  unto  Elisha, "  Tarry  here,  I  pray  thee  ;  for  the  Lord 
hath  sent  me  to  Beth-el."  And  Elisha  said  unto  him,  "  As  the  Lord 
liveth,  and  as  thy  soul  liveth,  I  will  not  leave  thee  !  "  So  they  went 
down  to  Beth-el.  ^  And  Hhe  "'"^sons  of  the  prophets  that  were  at  Beth- 


('-)  The  mention  here  made  of  the  sons,  or  disci- 
ples, or  pupils  of  the  prophets,  leads  us  to  inquire 
what  mode  was  adopted  among  the  ancient  Israel- 
ites to  secure  to  them  the  advantages  of  education. 
When  the  Israelites  first  went  down  into  Egypt, 
and  the  patriarclial  polity  flourislied  among  them  in 
its  full  vigor,  every  father  was  of  course  the  in- 
structor as  well  as  the  head  of  his  family.  During 
their  continuance  in  that  country,  although  we 
know  but  little  of  the  manner  in  which  they  pre- 
served among  themselves  the  traditions  of  their  an- 
cestors, or  maintained  and  declared  their  right  to 
tlie  Holy  Land,  we  may  be  assured  that  the  national 
faith  was  not  suffered  to  decay  ;  nor  were  they,  at 
their  departure  from  Egypt,  that  rude  and  barbarous 
people  which  tliey  are  generally  represented.  Mo- 
ses was  skilled  in  all  the  wisdom  oi'  Egypt,  and  the 
perpetual  presence  of  the  God  of  Israel,  the  won- 
derful miracles  wrought  by  Moses,  the  death  of  the 
generation  which  had  been  in  some  measure  con- 
taminated by  idolatry  in  Egypt,  and  the  consequent 
instruction  of  the  next,  under  the  immediate  super- 
intendence of  their  inspired  leader,  prevented  the 
possibility  of  ignorance,  during  their  wandering  in 
the  wilderness.  It  is  generally  supposed  too,  that 
there  was  an  uninterrupted  succession  of  propliets 
from  the  time  of  Moses  to  the  death  of  Malachi. 
The  first  places  for  their  instruction,  appointed  by 
the  Jews  after  their  settlement  in  the  Holy  Land, 
were  the  Levitical  cities,  which  might  be  called  the 
Universities  of  Judcea.  The  Levites  too,  were 
scattered  through  the  country,  as  the  standing  min- 
istry appointed  by  God  himself,  to  instruct  the  peo- 
ple in  general  in  all  things  which  pertained  to 
their  Law.  It  is,  therefore,  to  be  supposed  that  the 
common  business  of  education  fell  as  naturally  into 
their  hands  at  that  time,  as  it  has  since  done,  gen- 
erally speaking,  to  the  ecclesiastics  in  Christian 
countries. 

The  first  notice  which  is  taken  in  Scripture  of 
the  schools  of  the  prophets,  is  1  Sam.  x.  10,  and 
1  Sam.  xix.  20.  The  expression  "  they  saw  the 
prophets  prophesying,  and  Samuel  standing,  as  ap- 
pointed over  them,"  is  interpreted  by  the  Chaldee 
Parapiirast,  that  Samuel  was  the  head,  or  president, 
of  a  school  of  prophetical  instruction.  Samuel  is 
by  many  supposed  to  have  himself  first  instituted 
these  schools  :  but  it  is  more  probable  that  he  found 
them  established  in  the  Levitical  cities,  and  in 
every  place  where  the  ark  was  settled,  and  where 
the  people  went  up  to  worship.  It  is  more  certain 
that  from  the  time  of  Samuel  to  the  Babylonish 
captivity,  they  were  never  suffered  entirely  to  de- 
generate, althouirh  they  were  too  often  influenced 
by  the  general  bias  of  the  people  to  idolatry.  The 
most  distinguished  prophets,  till  the  time  of  David, 
were  presidents  of  these  colleges.  Elkanah,  Gad, 
Nathan,  and  others,  are  supposed  to  have  been  to 
the  prophets  in  their  day,  what  Samuel  was  to   the 


prophets  at  Naioth.  They  are  said  to  have  selected 
the  most  promising  of  the  young  Levites,  with  the 
Nazarites  of  other  tribes.  Hence  we  read  of  so 
many  prophets  together  in  the  time  of  Ahab.  The 
chief  places  where  they  resided,  seems  to  have  been 
Bethel,  Jericho,  Gilgal,  and  the  Levitical  cities  in 
general.  The  people  in  Israel,  after  the  revolt  of 
the  ten  tribes,  were  accustomed  to  attend  the  proph- 
ets for  moral  and  religious  instruction  ;  for  we  read, 
that  wiien  the  woman  of  Shunem  was  about  to  go 
up  to  Elijah,  her  husband  asked  her,  "  Wherefore 
wilt  thou  go  to-day  .'  it  is  neither  new  moon,  nor 
Sabbath,"  2  Kings  iv.  23.  When  the  peculiar  cir- 
cumstances of  the  age  demanded  it,  the  prophets 
were  gifted  with  miraculous  power.  From  the  time 
of  Samuel  there  appears  to  have  been  an  unbroken 
succession  to  the  time  of  Malachi ;  of  whom  Elijah 
and  Elisha  were  the  most  eminent. 

Prophecies  were  first  committed  to  writing  by 
Elijah,  who  wrote  to  Jeliorarn,  predicting  his  of- 
fences and  punishment.  The  volume  of  Scripture 
may  be  considered  as  having  been  under  the  con- 
tinued superintendence  of  these  holy  men  ;  and  the 
prophetical  office,  as  Bishop  Stillingfleet  ingenious- 
ly and  justly  observes,  was  a  kind  of  chancery  to 
the  Law  of  Moses. 

As  God  never  left  himself  without  witness  to  the 
heathen  world,  in  that  he  gave  them  rain  from 
heaven,  and  fruitful  seasons ;  neither  did  he  leave 
the  people  of  Israel  without  a  constant  appeal  to 
their  hearts  and  understandings.  Moses,  Joshua, 
the  Judges,  Samuel,  David,  Ahijah,  Elijah,  Elisha, 
and  the  prophets  whose  writings  are  still  preserved, 
followed  each  other  in  close  succession.  In  addition 
to  these,  there  was  a  standing  miracle  of  the  per- 
petual accomplishment  of  the  prophecies  which 
referred  to  events  near  at  hand.  The  oracular 
answer  in  the  Holy  of  Holies  :  the  appearance  of 
the  Shechinah  ;  the  very  nature  of  the  country  re- 
spectively occupied  by  the  twelve  tribes  ;  the  resi- 
dence among  them  of  the  ancient  Gibeonites ;  the 
judgments  inflicted  both  on  the  idolatrous  princes 
of  Israel  and  Judah,  as  well  as  on  the  surrounding 
nations ;  these,  with  the  lessons  conveyed  by  the 
recurrence  of  the  Sabbath,  and  of  their  great  festi- 
vals, when  the  Levites  taught  the  meaning  of  tlie 
Ceremonial  Law,  and  otherwise  instructed  the 
people,  took  away  all  excuse  for  the  frequent  re- 
lapses of  the  Israelites  into  idolatry.  Yet,  if  their 
repeated  offences,  in  this  respect,  excite  astonish- 
ment, let  the  present  condition'  of  the  Christian 
world  be  considered  ;  which  presents  us  with  too 
many  instances  of  ingratitude  and  infidelity.  The 
appeals  which  were  made  to  the  ancient  Church  of 
God  w^ere  not  more  powerful  than  those  which  the 
Christian  Cliurcli  now  enjoys  :  for  in  those  days 
God  spake  by  his  prophets ;  to  us  he  has  spoken 
by  his  Son. 


d9Ki. 
104.  4. 


656  THE  TRANSLATION  OF  ELIJAH.  [Period  VL 

el  came  forth  to  Elisha,  and  said  unto  him,  -'  Knouest  thou  that  the 
Lord  will  take  away  thy  master  from  tiiy  head  to-day  ?  "  And  he  said, 
"  Yea,  I  know  it ;  hold  yc  your  peace."  ■*  And  Elijah  said  unto  him, 
"  Elisha,  tarry  here,  I  pray  thee  :  for  the  Lord  hath  sent  me  to  Jeri- 
cho." And  he  said,  '•  As  the  Lord  liveth,  and  as  thy  soul  liveth,  I  will 
not  leave  thee  !  "  So  they  came  to  Jericho.  ^  And  the  sons  of  the 
propliets  that  were  at  Jericho  came  to  Elisha,  and  said  unto  him, 
'•  Knowest  thou  that  the  Lord  will  take  away  thy  master  from  thy  head 
to-day  ?  ■'  And  he  answered,  "  Yea,  I  know  it  ;  hold  ye  your  peace." 
*"  And  Elijah  said  unto  liim,  "  Tarry,  I  pray  thee,  iiere  ;  for  the  Lord 
hath  sent  me  to  Jordan."  And  he  said,  '•  As  the  Lord  liveth,  and  as 
thy  soul  liveth,  I  will  not  leave  thee  !  "  And  they  two  went  on.  "  And 
*  Heh. in sifht,     fifty  „ieii  of  the  SOUS  of  the   prophets  went,  and  stood   'to   view  afar 

or,  over  againsL  •  i         t  o    » 

on  ;  and  they  two  stood  by  Jordan.  ^  And  Elijah  took  his  mantle,  and 
«■  5°  Ex.  14. 21.    wrapped  it  together,  and  smote  the  waters,   and  'they  were  divided 
hither  and  thither,  so  that  they  two  went  over  on  dry  ground. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  were  gone  over,  that  Elijah  said 
unto  Elisha,  "  Ask  what  I  shall  do  for  thee,  before  I  be  taken  away 
from  thee."  And  Elisha  said,  "  I  pray  thee,  let  a  double  portion  of  thy 
t  Hei).  done  hard  Spirit  be  upou  mc."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Thou  hast  tasked  a  hard  thing : 
nevertheless,  if  thou  see  me  when  I  am  taken  from  thee,  it  shall  be  so 
unto  thee  ;  but  if  not,  it  shall  not  be  so."  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as 
•   they  still  went  on,  and  talked,  that,  behold,  there  appeared  ''a  chariot 
Ecci.  48. 9.       of  fire,  and  horses  of  fire,  and  parted  them  both   asunder;  and  'Elijah 
went  up  by  a  whirlwind  into  heaven. 
/2Ki.  13. 14.  12  And  Elisha  saw  it,  and  he  cried,  "My  -'father!  my  father!   the 

chariot  of  Israel,  and  the  horsemen  thereof!"  And  he  saw  him  no 
more  :  and  he  took  hold  of  his  own  clothes,  and  rent  them  in  two 
pieces.  ^^  He  took  up  also  the  mantle  of  Elijah  that  fell  from  him,  and 
X  Heb.  ip.  ■\vent  back,  and  stood  by  the  Jbank  of  Jordan  ;  ^^  and  he  took  the  mantle 

of  Elijah  that  fell  from  him,  and  smote  the  waters,  and  said,  '•  Where 
is  the  Lord  God  of  Elijah  ?  "  and  when  he  also  had  smitten  the  waters, 
they  parted  hither  and  thither,  and  Elisha  went  over.  ^^  And  when  the 
sons  of  the  prophets  which  were  to  view  at  Jericho  saw  him,  they  said, 
••'  The  spirit  of  Elijah  doth  rest  on  Elisha."  And  they  came  to  meet  him, 
and  bowed  themselves  to  the  ground  before  him. 

^^  And  they  said  unto  him,  "  Behold  now,  there  be  with  thy  servants 

*s^rtn'jr"'^      fifty  *strong  men  ;  let  them  go,  we   pray  thee,  and  seek   thy  master  : 

^see"iKi.  18.     ^lest  pcradvcnture  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  hath  taken  him  up,  and  cast 

6.':i9.'"  '    "  *^'  Jiini  upon  fsome  mountain,  or  into  some  valley."    x\nd   he  said,  "Ye 

^motntli.l"'^^''^    shall  not  send."    ^"  And  when  they  urged  him  till  he  was  ashamed,  he 

said,  "  Send."    They  sent  therefore  fifty  men  ;  and  they  sought  three 

days,  but  found  him  not.  ^^  And  when  they  came  again   to   him  (for 

he  tarried  at  Jericho),  he  said   unto   them,  "  Did  I  not  say  unto  you, 

'Go  not?'" 

^'^  And  the  men  of  the  city  said  unto  Elisha,  "'  Behold,  I  pray  thee, 
the  situation  of  this  city  is  pleasant,  as  my  lord  seeth  ;  but  the  water 
i  rieb.  causing  to  is  uaught,  and  the  ground  tbarren."  "^°  And  he  said,  "  Bring  me  a  new 
cruse,  and  put  salt  therein."  And  they  brought  it  to  him.  ^i  And  he 
^oirn^^e'^' ^'  ^^*^"^  ^''"^^'^  ""^^  *'^^  spring  of  the  waters,  and  ''cast  the  salt  in  there, 
and  said,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  I  have  healed  these  waters  ;  there 
shall  not  be  from  thence  any  more  death  or  barren  land."  -^  So  the 
waters  were  healed  unto  this  day,  according  to  the  saying  of  Elisha 
W'hich  he  spake. 

~^  And  he  went  up  from  thence  unto  Rcth-el  ;  and  as  he  was  going 
up  by  the  way,  there  came  forth  little  chiltlren  out  of  the  city,  and 
mocked  him,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Go  up,  thou  bald  head  !  go  up,  thou 


•  Heb.  at  their 
feet.SeeB..n.    ^^ 


pakt  iv.]       elisha  obtaineth  water  and  promise  of  victory.      657 

bald  head  '"  ^^  And  he  turned  back,  and  looked  on  them,  and  cursed 
them  in  the  name  of  the  Lord.  And  there  came  forth  two  ^she-bears 
out  of  the  wood,  and  tare  forty  and  two  children  of  them.  -^  And  he 

went  from  thence  to  Mount  Carmel,  and  from  thence   he  returned  to 

Samaria. 

SECT.  IX.      Section    IX.— Elisha  ohtaineth   Water   and  Promise   of   Victory  ;—Tlie 
—  Moabites  are  overcome. 

A.  n.  3109.  „  ,  , 

g  Q  g95_  2  Kings  in.  6,  to  the  end. 

H..E.,89i.  ,^^^  j^.^^  Jehoram  went  out  of  Samaria  the  same  time   and  num- 

~  bered  all  Israel.  '  And  he  went  and  sent  to  Jehoshaphat  the  king  ot 
Judah,  saying,  "  The  king  of  Moab  hath  rebelled  against  me  :  wilt  thou 
so  with  me  against  Moab  to  battle  ?  "  And  he  said,  "  I  wil  go  up  :  I 
am  as  thou  ar^t,  my  people  as  thy  people,  and  my  horses  as  thy  horses 
8  And  he  said,  "  Which  way  shall  we  go  up  ?  And  he  answered,  i  he 
way  through  the  wilderness  of  Edom."  .   ,    ,  ,  ,  .,      ,  • 

9  So  the  king  of  Israel  went,  and  the  king  of  Judah,  and  the  king 
of  Edom  ;  and  they  fetched  a  compass  of  seven  days'  journey  ;  and 
there  was  no  water  for  the  host,  and  for  the  cattle  nhat  follovyed  them. 
10  And  the  king  of  Israel  said,  "  Alas !  that  the  Lord  hath  called  these 
three  kin^s  together,  to  deliver  them  into  the  hand  of  Moab  !  But 

Jehoshaphat  said,  "  Is  there  not  here  a  prophet  of  the  Lord,  that  we 
may  inquire  of  the  Lord  by  him  ?  "  And  one  of  the  king  of  Israel  s 
servants  answered  and  said,  "  Here  is  Ehsha  the  son  of  Shaphat,  which 
poured  water  on  the  hands  of  Elijah."   ^^  And  Jehoshaphat  said.     The 
word  of  the  Lord  is  with  him."    So  the  king  of  Israel  and  Jehoshaphat 
and  the  king  of  Edom  went  down  to  him.  ''  And  Ehsha  said  unto  the 
„  Ez.  14. 3.         ki,,,,  of  Israel,  -  What  ''have  I  to  do  with  thee  ?  "get  thee  to   the  proph- 
"t.'ul-  ''■     ets  of  thy  father,  and  to  the  prophets  of  thy  mother."    And  the   king 
c?Ki.  18. 19.       of  Israelsaid  unto  him,  "  Nay  :   for  the  Lord  hath   caled   these  three 
kinas  together,  to  deliver  them  into  the  hand  of  Moab."   ^^  And  Ehsha 
said",  "  As  the  Lord  of  hosts  liveth,  before  whom  I  stand,  sure  y   were 
it  not  that  I  reoard  the  presence  of  Jehoshaphat  the  king  of  Judah,^L 
.seeisa.10.5.  would  iiot  look   toward   thcc,   uor  see  thee.  ^^  But  now  bring   me    a 
.Ez...3.^3.     minstrel."    And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the   minstrel  played,  that   the 
^^■'-'•^'•^-     hand  of  the  Lord  came  upon  him.  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Thus   saith   the 
/2Ki.4.3.         Lord,  Make  ^his  valley  full  of  ditches.  ^^For  thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Ye  shall  not  see  wind,  neither  shall  ye  see  rain  ;  yet  that  valley  shall 
be  filled  with  water,  that  ye  may  drink,  both  ye   and  your  cattle,  and 
your  beasts.  ^^  And  this  is  but  a  light  thing  in  the f ght  of  the  Lord: 
he  will  deliver  the  Moabites  also  into  your  l^and.  ^^  And  ye  shall  smite 
every  fenced  city,  and  every  choice  city,  and  shall  fell  every  good  tree 
tHeb.^....       and  stop  all  wells  of  water,  and  tmar  every  good   piece   of  land  with 
,  Ex.  29. 39, 40.    gtoucs."  "^^  And  it  camo  to  pass  in  the  morning,  when  nhe  meat  offering 
was  offered,  that,  behold,  there  came  water  by  the  way  of  Edom,  and 
the  country  was  filled  with  water. 

21  And  when  all  the  Moabites  heard  that  the  kings  were  come  up  to 
.erecned  fi„ht  a^ainst  them,  they  teathered  all  that  were  able  to  *put  on  armor, 
and  upward,  and  stood  in  the  border.  ^^  And  they  rose  up  early  in    he 
mornin-,  and  the  sun  shone  upon  the  water,and  the  Moabites  saw  the 
water  on  the  other  side  as  red  as  blood.  ^'^  And  they  said,  "This  is 
^Heb.destrcnjed.   blood  •  the  kin<Ts  are  surely  tslain,  and  they  have  smitten  one  another : 
now  therefore,  Moab,  to   the  spoil!"  ^^And  when  they  came  to  the 
camp  of  Israel,  the  Israelites  rose  up  and  smote  the  Moabites^  so  that 
t  Or,  tkeys^ote    they  flcd  bcforc  them  ;  but  tthey  went  forward  smiting  the  Moabites, 
""'"'™^"'"     even  in  their  country.  ^'^And  they  beat  down  the  cities  and  on  every 
good  piece  of  land  cast  every  man  his  stone,  and   filled  it;  and  they 
VOL.  I.  83 


J  Heb 
together 

*  Heb.  gird  him- 
self witli  a  girdle 


I  it  even 
ing 


658 


THE  MIRACLES  OF  ELISHA. 


[Period  VL 


♦  Heb.  until  he 
lefl  the  stones 
thereufin.  Kir. 
haraseth. 


A.  M.  3112. 
B.  C.  892. 


Or,  scant  not. 


f  Or,  creditor. 

A.  M.   3113. 
B.  C.  891. 

J  Hcb.  there  icas 
a  day. 
*  Heb.  laid  hold 


t  Heb.  set  time. 
Ge.  18.  10,14. 


Stopped  all  the  wells  of  water,  and  felled  all  the  good  trees :  *only  in 
Kir-haraseth  left  they  the  stones  thereof;  howbeit  the  slingers  went 
about  it,  and  smote  it. 

-^  And  when  the  king  of  INIoab  saw  that  the  battle  was  too  sore  for 
him,  he  took  with  him  seven  hundred  men  that  drew  swords,  to  break 
through  even  unto  the  king  of  Edom  ;  but  they  could  not.  ^^  Then  Mie 
took  his  eldest  son  that  sliould  have  reigned  in  his  stead,  and  offered 
him  for  a  burnt  offering  u])on  the  wall.  And  there  was  great  indigna- 
tion against  Israel  ;  and  they  departed  from  him,  and  returned  to  theii 
own  land. 

Section  X. —  The  Miracles  of  Elisha. 
2  Ki.NGS  iv.,  V.  and  vi.  1-23. 
Elisha  jtiultiplietli  tlie  widoie's  oil.  8  He  giveth  a  son  to  the  good  Shunammite.  18  He  raiseth  agaiit 
her  dead  son.  38  At  Gilgal  he  healelh  the  deadly  pottage.  42  He  satisfieth  an  hundred  men  xcith 
twenty  loaves.— C\\di\).\.  1  Naaman,  by  the  report  of  a  captive  maid,  is  sent  to  Samaria  to  be 
cured  of  his  leprosy.  8  Elisha,  sending  him,  to  Jordan,  cureth  him.  15  He,  refusing  Naaman's 
gifts,  granteth  him  some  of  the  earth.  20  Gehazi,  alnising  his  masters  name  unto  Naaman,  is 
sndllen  ivith  leprosy. — Chap.  vi.  I  Elisha,  giving  learve  to  the  young  prophets  to  enlarge  their 
dwellings,  causeth  iron  to  stcim.  8  He  discloseth  the  king  of  Syria's  counsel.  13  The  army 
which  was  sent  to  Dothan  to  apprehend  Elisha  is  smitten  with  blindness.  19  Being  brought  into 
Samaria,  they  are  dismissed  in  peace. 

^  Now  there  cried  a  certain  woman  of  the  wives  of  "the  sons  of  the 
prophets  unto  Elisha,  saying,  "  Thy  servant  my  husband  is  dead  ;  and 
thou  knowest  that  thy  servant  did  fear  the  Lord  :  and  the  creditor  is 
come  ''to  take  unto  him  my  two  sons  to  be  bondmen."  ~  And  Elisha 
said  unto  her,  "  What  shall  I  do  for  thee  ?  tell  me,  what  hast  thou  in 
the  house  ?  "  And  she  said,  "  Thy  handmaid  hath  not  any  thing  in 
the  house,  save  a  pot  of  oil.''  ^  Then  he  said,  "  Go,  borrow  thee  vessels 
abroad  of  all  thy  neighbours,  even  empty  vessels  ;  *borrow  not  a  few. 
'*  And  when  thou  art  come  in,  thou  shalt  shut  the  door  upon  thee  and 
upon  thy  sons,  and  shalt  pour  out  into  all  those  vessels,  and  thou  shalt 
set  aside  that  which  is  full."  ^  So  she  went  from  him,  and  shut  the 
door  upon  her  and  upon  her  sons,  who  brought  the  vessels  to  her  ;  and 
she  poured  out.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  vessels  were  full,  that 
she  said  unto  her  son,  "  Bring  me  yet  a  vessel."  And  he  said  unto 
her,  "  There  is  not  a  ves.sel  more."  And  the  oil  stayed.  "  Then  she 
came  and  told  the  man  of  God.  And  he  said,  "  Go,  sell  the  oil,  and 
pay  thy  tdebt,  and  live  thou  and  thy  children  of  the  rest." 

^  And  tit  fell  on  a  day,  that  Elisha  passed  to  Shunem,  where  was  a 
great  woman  ;  and  she  *constrained  him  to  eat  bread.  And  so  it  was, 
that  as  oft  as  he  passed  by,  he  turned  in  thither  to  eat  bread.  ^  And 
she  said  unto  her  husband,  "  Behold  now,  I  perceive  that  this  is  a  holy 
man  of  God,  which  passeth  by  us  continually.  ^^  Let  us  make  a  little 
chamber,  I  pray  thee,  on  the  wall ;  and  let  us  set  for  him  there  a  bed, 
and  a  table,  and  a  stool,  and  a  candlestick  :  and  it  shall  be,  when  ho 
cometh  to  us,  that  he  shall  turn  in  thither."  ^^  And  it  fell  on  a  day,  that 
he  came  thither,  and  he  turned  into  the  chamber,  and  lay  there.  '^  And 
he  said  to  Gehazi  his  servant,  ''  Call  this  Shunammite."  And  when 
he  had  called  her,  she  stood  before  him.  ^^And  he  said  unto  him, 
"  Say  now  unto  her.  Behold,  thou  hast  been  careful  for  us  with  all 
this  care  ;  what  is  to  be  done  for  thee  ?  wonkiest  thou  be  spoken  for 
to  the  king,  or  to  the  captain  of  the  host?"  And  she  answered,  "  I 
dwell  among  mine  own  people."  '''And  he  said,  "  What  then  is  to  bo 
done  for  her?"  And  Gehazi  answered,  "Verily  she  hath  no  child, 
and  her  husband  is  old."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Call  licr."  And  when  ho 
had  called  her,  she  stood  in  the  door,  '^  And  he  said,  "  About  this 
tseason,  according  to  the  time  of  life,  thou  shalt  embrace  a  son." 
And  she  said,  "  Nay,  my  lord,  thou  man  of  God,  do  not  lie  unto  thy 
handmaid."  '"  And  the  woman  conceived,  and  bare  ;'.  son  at  that  season 
that  Elisha  had  said  unto  her,  accordinir  to  the  time  of  life. 


THE  MIRACLES  OF  ELISHA. 


659 


e  Lu.  10.  4. 

d  See  Ex.  7. 
&  14.  16. 
Ac.  19.  12. 


t  Heb.  once 
hilher,  and  once 
thither. 


h  Heb.  11 

A.   M. 

B.C. 

.35. 
3114. 
890. 

t  Lu.  10. : 
22.3. 

39.  Ac. 

k  See  Ex.  15.  25. 

John  9.  G. 
X  Hob.  evil  thing. 
l\  Sa.  9.7.  ICo. 

9   11.  Gal.  6.  6. 


IS  And  when  the  child  was  grown,  it  fell  on  a  day,  that  he  went  out 
to  his  father  to  the  reapers.  '^  And  he  said  unto  his  father,  "  My  head  ! 
niv  head  '  "     And  he  said  to  a  lad,  ''  Carry  him  to  his  mother.     -°  And 
wiieu  he  had  taken  him,  and  brought  him  to  his  mother,  he  sat  on  her 
knees  till  noon,  and  then  died.  ^^  And  she  went  up,  and  laid  him  on 
the  bed  of  the  man  of  God,  and  shut  the  door  upon  him,  and  went  out. 
23 And  she  called  unto  her  husband,  and  said,  "Send  me,  I  pray  thee, 
one  of  the  young  men,  and  one  of  the  asses,  that  I  may  run  to  the 
man  of  God,  and  come  again."  ^3  And  he  said,  "  Wherefore  wilt  thou 
go  to  him  to-day  ?  it  is  neither  new  moon,  nor  Sabbath."     And  she 
said,  "  It  shall  be  twell."  -"^Then  she  saddled  an  ass,  and  said  to  her 
servant,  "  Drive,  and  go  forward  ;  *slack  not  thy  riding  for  me,  except 
I  bid  thee."  ^^  So  she  went  and  came  unto  the  man  of  God  to  Mount 
Carmel.     And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  man  of  God  saw  her  afar  off, 
that  he  said  to  Gehazi  his  servant,  "  Behold,  yonder  is  that  Shunammite. 
26  Run  now,  I  pray  thee,  to  meet  her,  and  say  unto  her,  Is  it  well  with 
thee  ?  is  it  well  with  thy  husband  ?    is  it  well  with  the  child  ?  "      And 
she  answered,  "  It  is  well."  ^^  And  when  she  came  to  the  man  of  God 
to  the  hill,  she  caught  thim  by  the  feet ;  but  Gehazi  came  near  to  thrust 
her  away.     And  the  man  of  God  said,  "  Let  her  alone,  for  her  soul  is 
tvexed  within  her  ;  and  the  Lord  hath  hid  it  from  me,  and  hath  not 
told  me."  28  Then  she  said,  "  Did  I  desire  a  son  of  my  lord?  did  I  not 
say,  '  Do  not  deceive  me  ? '  "  '^'^  Then  he  said  to  Gehazi,  "  Gird  up  thy 
loins,  and  take  my  staff  in  thv  hand,  and  go  thy  way :  if  thou  meet 
any  man,  ''salute  him  not ;  and  if  any  salute  thee,  answer  him  not  again  : 
and  '^lay  my  staff  upon  the  face  of  the  child."  ^^^  And  the  mother  of  the 
child  said,  "  As  the  Lord  liveth.  and  as  thy  soul  Uveih,  I  will  not  leave 
thee '  "    And  he  arose,  and  followed  her.  ^i  And  Gehazi  passed   on 
before  them,  and  laid  the  staff  upon  the  face  of  the  child  ;  but  there  was 
neither  voice,  nor  *hearing.     Wherefore  he  went  again  to  meet  him, 
and  told  him,  saying,  "  The  child  is  ^lot  awaked."  ^^  And  when  Elisha 
was  come  into  the  house,  behold,  the  child  was  dead,  and  laid  upon  his 
bed.  33  He  ^went  in  therefore,  and  shut  the  door  upon  them  twain,  and 
•  "'prayed  unto  the  Lord.  ^4  And  he  went  up,  and  lay  upon  the  child 
and  put  his  mouth  upon  his   mouth,  and  his  eyes  upon  his  eyes,  and 
his  hands  upon  his  hands ;  and  he  stretched  himself  upon  the  child 
and  the  flesh  of   the  child  waxed  warm.  ^sThen    he  returned,  and 
walked  in  the  house  tto  and  fro  ;  and  went  up,  and  stretched  himselt 
upon  him :  and  the  child  sneezed  seven  times,  and  the  child  opened 
his  eyes.  ^eAnd  he  called  Gehazi,  and  said,  "Call  this  Shunammite 
So  he  called  her.     And  when  she  was   come  in  unto  him,  he  said, 
"Take  up  thy  son."  ^^Then  she  went  in,  and  fell  at  his  feet,  and 
bowed  herself  to  the  ground,  and  Hook  up  her  son,  and  went  out. 

38  And  Elisha  came  again  to  Gilgal ;  and  there  was  a  dearth  in  the 
land.  And  the  sons  of  the  prophets  were  'sitting  before  him ;  and 
he  said  unto  his  servant,  "  Set  on  the  great  pot,  and  seethe  pottage 
for  the  sons  of  the  prophets."  ^^  And  one  went  out  into  the  held  to 
gather  herbs,  and  found  a  wild  vine,  and  gathered  thereof  wild  gourds 
his  lap  full,  and  came  and  shred  them  into  the  pot  of  pottage ;  tor 
they  knew  them  not.  ^o  So  they  poured  out  for  the  men  to  eat.  And 
it  came  to  pass,  as  they  were  eating  of  the  pottage,  that  they  cried  out 
and  said,  "  O  thou  man  of  God,  there  is  ^death  in  the  pot !  ^  And 
they  could  not  eat  thereof.  ^'  But  he  said,  "Then  bring  meal.  And 
^he  cast  it  into  the  pot ;  and  he  said,  "  Pour  out  for  the  people,  that 
ye  may  eat."      And  there  was  no  tharm  in  the  pot. 

42  And  there  came  a  man  from  Baal-shalisha,  'and  brought  the  man 
of  God  bread  of  the  first  fruits,  twenty  loaves  of  barley,  and  full  ears 


660 


THE  MIRACLES  OF  ELISHA. 


[Period  VI. 


*  Or,  in  hU  scrip, 
or,  garment. 

m  Lu.  9.  13. 
John  6.  9. 

71  Lu.  9. 17.  John 

6.  II. 
0  Mat.  14.  20.  ic 

15.  37.  John  0. 

13. 
p  Lu.  4.  27. 
t  Heb.  before. 
J  Or,  gracious. 

Heb.  lifled  up, 

or,  accepted  in 

countenance. 

*  Or,  viclury. 

t  Heb.  was  be/ore, 

X  Heb.  before. 

*  Hob.  gather  in. 


t  Heb. 
hand. 


a  Go.  30.  2.  De. 
32.  39,  1  Sa.  2. 
6. 


X  Heb.  /Mt<i.  Or, 
/  said  with,  my- 
self, He  wUl 
surely  come  out, 
S(c. 

*  Heb.  move  up 
and  doicn. 

\  Or,  Amana. 


s  Job  33.  25. 

t  Lu.  4.  27. 

u  Da.  2.  47. 

29.  &.  6.  26, 

&3. 
27. 

rGe.  33.  11. 

«>G«.  14.  23 
Mat.  10.  8. 
8.  18,  20. 

\\c. 

of  corn  *in  the  husk  thereof.  And  he  said,  ••  Give  unto  the  people, 
that  they  may  eat."  ■'^And  his  servitor  said,  "What!  "'should  I  set 
this  before  an  hundred  men  ?  "  He  said  again,  "  Give  the  people,  that 
they  may  eat:  for  thus  saith  the  Lord,  They  "shall  eat,  and  shall 
leave  thereof."  ""^  So  he  set  it  before  them,  and  they  did  eat,  "and  left 
thereof,  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord. 

^  Now  ^Naaman,  captain  of  the  host  of  the  king  of  2  Kings  v. 
Syria,  was  a  great  man  twith  his  master,  and  tiionorable, 
because  by  him  the  Lord  had  given  *deliverance  unto  Syria :  he  was 
also  a  mighty  man  in  valor,  but  he  was  a  leper.  '~  xVnd  the  Syrians  had 
gone  out  by  companies,  and  had  brought  away  captive  out  of  the  land 
of  Israel  a  little  maid  ;  and  she  twaited  on  Naaman's  wife.  -^  And  she 
said  unto  her  mistress,  "  Would  God  my  lord  were  twith  the  prophet 
that  is  in  Samaria  !  for  he  would  *recover  him  of  his  leprosy."  "*  And 
one  went  in,  and  told  his  lord,  saying,  "  Thus  and  thus  said  the  maid 
that  is  of  the  land  of  Israel."  ^And  the  king  of  Syria  said,  "Go  to, 
go,  and  I  will  send  a  letter  unto  the  king  of  Israel."  And  he  departed, 
and  took  iwith  him  ten  talents  of  silver,  and  six  thousand  pieces  of 
gold,  and  ten  changes  of  raiment.  ^  And  he  brought  the  letter  to  the 
king  of  Israel,  saying,  "  Now  when  this  letter  is  come  unto  thee, 
behold,  I  have  therewitii  sent  Naaman  my  servant  to  thee,  that  thou 
mayest  recover  him  of  his  leprosy."  ''  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the 
king  of  Israel  had  read  the  letter,  that  he  rent  his  clothes,  and  said, 
"  Am  I  'God,  to  kill  and  to  make  alive,  that  this  man  doth  send  unto 
me  to  recover  a  man  of  his  leprosy  ?  wherefore  consider,  I  pray  you, 
and  see  how  he  seeketh  a  quarrel  against  me." 

^  And  it  was  so,  when  Elisha  the  man  of  God  had  heard  that  the 
king  of  Israel  had  rent  iiis  clotlies,  that  he  sent  to  the  king,  saying, 
"  Wherefore  hast  thou  rent  thy  clothes  ?  let  him  come  now  to  me,  and 
he  shall  know  that  there  is  a  prophet  in  Israel."  ^  So  Naaman  came 
with  his  horses  and  with  his  chariot,  and  stood  at  the  door  of  the  house 
of  Elisha.  ^'^  And  Elisha  sent  a  messenger  unto  him,  saying,  "  Go  and 
'^wash  in  Jordan  seven  times,  and  thy  flesh  shall  come  again  to  thee, 
and  thou  shalt  be  clean."  ^^  But  Naaman  was  wroth,  and  went  away, 
and  said,  "  Behold,  tl  thought.  He  will  surely  come  out  to  me,  and 
stand,  and  call  on  the  name  of  the  Lord  his  God,  and  *strike  his  hand 
over  the  place,  and  recover  the  leper.  ^^  Are  not  tAbana  and  Pharpar, 
rivers  of  Damascus,  better  than  all  the  waters  of  Israel?  may  I  not 
wash  in  them,  and  be  clean  ?  "  So  he  turned  and  went  away  in  a 
rage.  ^^  And  his  servants  came  near,  and  spake  unto  him,  and  said, 
"  My  father,  if  the  prophet  had  bid  thee  do  some  great  thing,  wouldest 
thou  not  have  done  it?  how  much  rather  then,  when  he  saith  to  thee, 
'  Wash,  and  be  clean  ? '  "  ^^Then  went  he  down,  and  dii>pcd  himself 
seven  times  in  Jordan,  according  to  the  saying  of  the  man  of  God  ; 
and  *his  flesh  came  again  like  unto  the  flesh  of  a  little  cliild,  and  'he 
was  clean. 

^^And  he  returned  to  the  man  of  God,  he  and  all  his  company,  and 
came,  and  stood  before  him  :  and  he  said,  "  Behold,  now  I  know  that 
there  "is  no  God  in  all  the  earth,  but  in  Israel :  now  therefore,  I  pray 
thee,  take  "a  blessing  of  thy  servant."  ^"^  But  he  said,  "As  the  Lord 
liveth,  before  whom  I  stand,  "I  will  receive  none  !  "  And  he  urged  him 
to  take  it ;  but  he  refused.  ^'^  And  Naaman  said,  "  Shall  there  not  then, 
I  pray  thee,  be  given  to  thy  servant  two  mules'  burden  of  earth  ?  for 
thy  servant  will  henceforth  ofler  neither  burnt  ollering  nor  sacrifice 
unto  other  gods,  but  unto  the  Lord.  '^  In  tiiis  thing  the  Lord  pardon 
thy  servant,  that  when  my  master  goelh  into  the  house  of  Rimmon  to 
worship  there,  and  he  leaneth  on  my  hand,  and  I  bow  myself  in  the 


Part  IV.] 


THE  MIRACLES  OF  ELISHA. 


661 


J  Heb.  piece  of 
ground,  as  Ge. 
35.  16. 


*  Heb.  Is  there 
peace f 


f  Or,  secret  pla 


z  1  Ti.  6.  10 
V  E.X.  4.  6. 


house  of  Rimmon  ;  when  I  bow  down  myself  in  the  house  of  Rimmon, 
the  Lord  pardon  thy  servant  in  this  thing."  i*^  And  he  said  unto  him, 
"  Go  in  peace."    So  lie  departed  from  him  a  httle  tway. 

^^  But  Gehazi,  the  servant  of  EUsha  the  man  of  God,  said,  "  Behold, 
my  master  hath  spared  Naaman  this  Syrian,  in  not  receiving  at  his 
hands  that  which  he  brought :  but,  as  the  Lord  Uveth,  I  will  run  after 
him,  and  take  somewhat  of  him."  ^'  So  Gehazi  followed  after  Naaman. 
And  when  Naaman  saw  him  running  after  him,  he  lighted  down  from 
the  chariot  to  meet  him,  and  said,  '•  *Is  all  well  ?  "  -  And  he  said,  "  All 
is  well.  My  master  hath  sent  me,  saying,  Behold,  even  now  there 
be  come  tome  from  Mount  Ephraim  two  young  men  of  the  sons  of  the 
prophets  ;  give  them,  I  pray  thee,  a  talent  of  silver,  and  two  changes 
of  garments."  -^  And  Naaman  said,  "  Be  content,  take  two  talents." 
And  he  urged  him,  and  bound  two  talents  of  silver  in  two  bags,  with 
two  changes  of  garments,  and  laid  them  upon  two  of  his  servants  ;  and 
they  bare  theinbefore  him.  -^  And  when  he  came  to  the  ttower,  he 
took  them  from  their  hand,  and  bestowed  them  in  the  house  ;  and  he 
let  the  men  go,  and  they  departed.  ~^  But  he  went  in,  and  stood  before 
his  master.  And  Elisha  said  unto  him,  "  Whence  comest  thou,  Ge- 
hazi ?  "  And  he  said,  '•  Thy  servant  went  tno  whither."  -'^  And  he  said 
unto  him,  "  Went  not  my  heart  with  thee,  when  the  man  turned  again 
from  his  chariot  to  meet  thee  ?  Is  it  a  time  to  receive  money,  and  to 
receive  garments,  and  oliveyards,  and  vineyards,  and  sheep,  and  oxen, 
and  menservants,  and  maidservants  ?  ~^  The  leprosy  therefore  of  Naa- 
man ^shall  cleave  unto  thee,  and  unto  thy  seed  for  ever."  And  he  went 
out  from  his  presence  ^a  leper  as  white  as  snow. 

1  And  the  sons  of  the  prophets  said  unto  Elisha,  "  Behold  2  K^ing^s  vi. 
now,  the  place  where  we  dwell  with  thee  is  too  strait  for  us. 
~  Let  us  go,  we  pray  thee,  unto  Jordan,  and  take  thence  every  man  a 
beam,  and  let  us  make  us  a  place  there,  where  we  may  dwell."  And  he 
answered,  "  Go  ye."  ^  And  one  said,  "  Be  content,  I  pray  thee,  and  go 
with  thy  servants."  And  he  answered,  "  I  will  go."  ^  So  he  went  with 
them.  And  when  they  came  to  Jordan,  they  cut  down  wood.  ^  But  as 

« Heb.  iron.  one  was  felling  a  beam,  the  *axe  head  fell  into  the  water  ;  and  he  cried, 
and  said,  "  Alas,  master  !  for  it  was  borrowed."  ^  And  the  man  of  God 
said,  "  Where  fell  it  ? "  And  he  showed  him  the  place.  And  he  cut 
down  a  stick,  and  cast  it  in  thither  ;  and  the  iron  did  swim.  ^  There- 
fore said  he,  "  Take  it  up  to  thee."  And  he  put  out  his  hand,  and 
took  it. 

s  Then  the  king  of  Syria  warred  against  Israel,  and  took  counsel 
with  his  servants,  saying,  "  In  such  and  such  a   place  shall  be    my 

*  oi,  encamping,  fcamp."  ^  And  the  man  of  God  sent  unto  the  king  of  Israel,  saying, 
"  Beware  that  thou  pass  not  such  a  place  ;  for  thither  the  Syrians  are 
come  down."  ^°  And  the  king  of  Israel  sent  to  the  place  which  the 
man  of  God  told  him  and  warned  him  of,  and  saved  himself  there,  not 
once  nor  twice.  "  Therefore  the  heart  of  the  king  of  Syria  was  sore 
troubled  for  this  thing;  and  he  called  his  servants,  and  said  unto  them, 
"  Will  ye  not  show  me  which  of  us  is  for  the  king  of  Israel  ? "  ^^  And 
one  of  his  servants  said,  "  tNone,  my  lord,  O  king !  but  Elisha,  the 
prophet  that  is  in  Israel,  telleth  the  king  of  Israel  the  words  that  thou 
speakest  in  thy  bedchamber." 

^^  And  he  said,  "  Go  and  spy  where  he  is,  that  I  may  send  and  fetch 
him."  And  it  was  told  him,  saying,  "  Behold,  he  is  in  Dothan."  ^^  There- 
fore sent  he  thither  horses,  and  chariots,  and  a  *great  host :  and  they 
came  by  night,  and  compassed  the  city  about.  ^^  And  when  the  tservant 
of  the  man  of  God  was  risen  early,  and  gone  forth,  behold,  a  host 
compassed  the  city  both  with  horses  and  chariots.     And  his  servant 

3  D 


J  Heb  JVo 


*  Heb.  heavy. 
I  (Jr,  minister. 


662 


THE  REIGN  OF  JEIIORAM. 


[Period  VI. 


z2Ch.  32.7.  Ps 
55.  18.  Ro.8.3i 


b  Ps.  34.  7.  & 
17.  Ze.  1.8.  « 
6.  1-7. 


I  Heb.  come  ye 
after  me. 


said  unto  liim,  '•  Alas,  my  master !  Jiovv  shall  we  do?  "  i*' And  he  an- 
swered, "  Fear  not:  for  '~they  that  be  with  us  are  more  than  they  tliat 
be  with  them."  ^"^  And  Elisha  prayed,  and  said,  •'  Lord,  I  pray  thee, 
open  his  eyes,  that  he  may  see."  And  the  Lord  "opened  the  eyes  of 
the  young  man  ;  and  he  saw  :  and,  behold,  the  mountain  was  full  of 
'horses  and  chariots  of  fire  round  about  Elisha  !  ^^  And  when  they 
came  down  to  him,  Elisha  prayed  unto  the  Lord,  and  said,  "  Smite 
this  pcopk;,  I  pray  thee,  with  blindness."  'And  he  smote  them  with 
blindness  according  to  the  word  of  Elislia. 

''■*  And  Elisha  said  unto  them,  "  This  is  not  the  way,  neither  is  this 
the  city  ;  tfollow  me,  and  I  will  bring  you  to  the  man  whom  ye  seek." 
But  he  led  them  to  Samaria.  -**  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  were 
come  into  Samaria,  that  Elisha  said,  "  Lord,  open  the  eyes  of  these 
men,  that  they  may  see."  And  the  Lord  opened  their  eyes,  and  they 
saw  ;  and,  behold,  they  were  in  the  midst  of  Samaria  !  ~^  And  the  king 
of  Israel  said  unto  Elisha,  when  he  saw  them,  "  My  father,  shall  I  smite 
them  ?  shall  I  smite  them  ?  "  ^~  And  he  answered,  ''  Thou  shalt  not 
smite  them  ;  wouldest  thou  smite  those  whom  thou  hast  taken  captive 
with  thy  sword  and  with  thy  bow  ?  "set  bread  and  water  before  them, 
that  they  may  eat  and  drink,  and  go  to  their  master."  ^3  And  he  pre- 
pared great  provision  for  them  ;  and  when  they  had  eaten  and  drunk, 
he  sent  them  away,  and  they  went  to  their  master.  So  the  bands  of 
Syria  came  no  more  into  the  land  of  Israel. 


PORTION   1. 


PART    v.— Pc 


I. 


4  Years. 

A.  M.  3115  U 

3119. 

B.  C.  889  to 

Hales,  904. 


THE  REIGN   OF  JEHORAM,  KING  OF   JUDAH. 


2  Chron.  xxi.  1,  5-7,  2-4,  11-15,  8-10,  and  \Q,to  the  end.— 2  Kings  viii.  23,  24  and  17-22. 

Jehoram's  wicked  reign.     He  slayeth  his  brethren.     The  -prophecy  of  Elijah  as'ainst  him.  Edom  and 
The   Philistines  and  Arabians  oppress  him.     His  incurable  disease,  infamous 


a  In  consort, 
2  Ki.  8.  17,  &c. 


Libnah  revolt, 
death,  and  burial. 

^  Now  "^^  Jehoshaphat  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried  with  his 
fathers  in  the  city  of  David.   And  Jehoram  his  son  *reigned  in  his  stead. 

^  Jehoram  "was  thirty  and  two  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign, 
and  he  reigned  eight  years  in  Jerusalem.  "And  he  walked  in  the  way 
of  the  kings  of  Israel,  like  as  did  the  house  of  Ahab,  (for  he  had  the 
daughter  of  Ahab  to  wife  ;)  and  he  wrought  that  ivhich  tvas  evil  in  the 
eyes  of  the  Lord.  ''^Howbeit  the  Lord  would  not  destroy  the  house 
of  David,  because  of  the  covenant  that  he  had  made  with  David,  and 
as  he  promised  to  give  a  flight  to  him  and  to  his  'sons  for  ever. 

^  And  he  had  brethren  the  sons  of  Jehoshaphat,  Azariah,  and  Jchiel, 
and  Zechariah,  and  Azariah,  and  Michael,  and  Shephatiah  :  all  these 
were  the  sons  of  Jehosha])hat  king  of  Israel.  ^  And  their  father  gave 
them  great  gifts  of  silver,  and  of  gold,  and  of  precious  things,  with 
fenced  cities  in  Judah  ;  but  the  kingdom  gave  he  to  tJehoram,  because 
he  was  the  firstborn.  "*  Now  when  Jehoram  was  risen  up  to  the  king- 
dom of  his  father,  he  strengthened  himself,  and  slew  all  his  brethren 
with  the  sword,  and  divers  also  of  the  princes  of  Israel. 

^^  Moreover  he  made  high  places  in  the  mountains  of  Judah,  and 
c  Le.  17. 7.  &  20.  causcd  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  to  "commit  fornication,  and  com- 
pelled Judah  thereto. 

(")To    undorsliind  the  chronology  of  Jehoram's  and  twentieth  year  of  .Telioshaphat ;  and  the  third 

rei^n,  it  is  necessary  to  observe  that  three  several  at  his  father's  death.     The  first  time,  lie  was  made 

dates  are  assigned  to  the   lieii-inninjr  of  it:  the  first  viceroy,  when  his  father  went  out  to   fight  for  the 

in  the  seventeentli  year  of  Jrlioshaphat  his  fatiier,  recovery  of  Ramoth-gilead  ;  and  the  second,  he  was 

compare  2  Kings  xxii.  ni.  'J  Kings  i.   17.  2   Kings  again  made  viceroy  on  }iis  father's  absence  in  Moab 

iii.  1.;   tlie  second  in  the   fiflh  year  of  .Toram  the  with    .lehorani.— Lightfoot's    Prolegomena   to    the 

son  of  Ahab,  2  Kings  viii.  Ki.  wiiirh  was  in  the  two  Harmony  of  the  Evang.,  JVorks,  vol.  i.  p.  337. 


b  9  Sa.  7.  l-:3,  13. 
1  Ki.  ii.;!(i.  Ps. 
132.  ll,&.c. 


J  Jehoram  made 
partner  of  the 
kingdom  with 
his  father,  2  Ki. 
8.  Ki,  &c. 


Part  V.J  THE  REIGN  OF  JEHORAM.  663 

\ofo're  hildeTtf       ^^  ^^"^  ""there  came  a  *writing  to  him  from   Ehjah   the   prophet, 

SKi.a.  1.       '  saying,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  David  thy  father,  Because  thou 

hast  not  walked  in  the  ways  of  Jehoshaphat  thy  father,  nor  in  the  ways 

of  Asa  king  of  Judah,  ^^but  hast  walked  in  the  way  of  the  kings  of 

dEx.  34.  15.        Israel,  and  hast  made  Judah  and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  to  ''go 

el  Ki.  1(5.  31-33.  a  whoriug,  like  to  the  'whoredoms  of  the  house  of  Ahab,  and  also  hast 

slain  thy  brethren  of  thy  father's  house,  which  were  better  than  thyself: 

]Heb.  stroke.       M  bciiold,  with  a  great  tplaguc   will   the  Lord  smite  thy  people,  and 

thy  children,  and  thy  wives,  and  all  thy  goods  ;  ^^  and  thou  shalt  have 

great  sickness  by  disease  of  thy  bowels,  until  thy  bowels  fall  out  by 

reason  of  the  sickness  day  by  day." 

t  Heb.  hayid.  « Li  his  days  the  Edomites  revolted  from  under  the  tdominion  of 

Judah,  and  made  themselves  a  king.  ^  Then  Jehoram  went  forth  with 

his  princes,  and  all  his  chariots  with  him  ;  and  he  rose  up  by  night, 

and  smote  the  Edomites  which  compassed  him  in,  and  the  captains  of 

the  chariots.  ^°  So  the  Edomites  revolted  from  under  the  hand  of  Judah 

unto  this  day.     The  same  time  also  did  Libnah  revolt  from  under  his 

hand  ;  because  he  had  forsaken  the  Lord  God  of  his  fathers. 

1'^  Moreover  the  Lord  stirred  up  against  Jehoram  the  spirit  of  the 
Philistines,  and  of  the  Arabians,  that  were  near  the  Ethiopians.  ^^  And 
*capti^e'!'Zei ch.  ^'^^^^  ^^"^^  "P  "^^'^  Judah,  and  brake  into  it,  and  *carried  away  all  the 
2-2. 1.  substance  that  was  found  in  the  king's  house,  and  his  sons  also,  and 

^2^c]fi"'ft'      his  wives  ;  so  that  there  was  never  a  son  left  him,  save  tJehoahaz,  the 
°cif'">''"b'        youngest  of  his  sons. 

X  His  son,  Mazi-       ^^  tAud  after  all  this  the  Lord  smote  him  in  his  bowels  with  an  in- 

gfbrsooa'iffter:  curablc  disease.  ^'^  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  in  process  of  time,  after 

the  end  of  two  years,  his  bowels  fell  out  by  reason   of  his  sickness : 

so  he  died  of  sore  diseases.     And  his  people  made  no  burning  for  him, 

/2Ch.i6.  14.      ]jj.g  /^i^g  burning  of  his  fathers,  ^o  Thirty  and  two  years  old  was  he 

when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he  reigned  in  Jerusalem  eight  years,  and 

('•»)  The  letter  from  Elijah  to  Jehoram  has  given  sied  by  Elijah  had  actually  taken  place,  the  writing- 
rise  to  much  discussion.  Elijah  the  Tishbite  was  was  sent  to  Jehoram ;  the  account  of  the  punish- 
taken  up  to  heaven  in  the  reign  of  Ahab.  many  ment  of  his  offences  was  laid  before  him  ;  an  inter- 
years  before  the  last  accession  of  Jehoram.  Jehoram  val  was  allowed  him  for  repentance;  and,  at  the 
was  made  king  three  several  times.  Once  befoi-e  end  of  a  short  time,  he  fell  a  victim  to  the  disease 
the  battle   of  Ranioth-gilead,  in  which  Ahab  was  foretold  by  Elijah. 

killed:  (compare  1  Kings  .xxii.  51.  2  Kings  i.  17.  2         If,  then,  we   come   to  the  conclusion,  that  this 

Kings  lii.  1.) ;  once   upon  his  father's  going  to  war  letter  of  Elijah  to  Jehoram    was    written  by   the 

against  the   Moabites  ;  and  again   on   his  father.'s  prophet  before  the   murder  of  his  brothers,  it  may 

death.     It  is  doubtful  on  which  of  these  occasions  be  esteemed  one  of  the  most  important  passages  in 

he  destroyed  his  brothers,  and  attempted  to  restore  the  books  of  Scripture.     It  may  be  regarded  as  the 

idolatry.     If  on  his  first  or  second  accession,  the  commencement  of  that  part  of  the  dispensations  of 

letter  might  have  been  written  by  Elijah  imme-  Providence,   which   was  continued  nearly    to  the 

diat^ly  preceding  his  assumption.     But  it  does  not  close  of  the  canon  of  Scripture  ;  that  is,  it  was  the 

appear  probable   either  that  Jehoram   would   have  first  written   prophecy  of  which   we    read,  which 

acted  in  this  cruel  and  unnatural  manner,  or  that  he  confined  itself  to  the  judgments  about  to  be  inflicted 

would  have  endeavoured  to  establish  idolatry  during  on  an  individual.     It  was  a  new  mode  of  appeal  to 

the  lifetime  of  his  father,  who  was  zealous  for  the  the  princes  aiid  people  of  Israel  and  Judah.     It  was 

worship  of  the  true  God.    This  argument,  therefore,  made  at  a  time  when  the  public  corruption  was  at 

prevents  us  from  supposing  that  he  deserved  to  re-  its  height ;  it  was  confirmed  by  the  most  wonderful 

ceive  the  letter  after  his  first  or  second  accession;  miracles, and  authenticated  by  the  witnesses  amono- 

we  must  therefore  conclude  he  destroyed  his  broth-  whom  it  was  deposited,  who  were  most  probably  the 

ers    and    restored    superstition   after    his   father's  sons  of  tlie  prophets, 
death.  Lightfoot  is  of  opinion  that  the  letter  was  sent  by 

But  at  this  time,  Elijah  had  ascended  into  heaven.  Elijah  after  Jehoram's  first  accession  t.o  the  throne. 

Three  hypotheses  have  been  framed  to  account  for  Of '  the  three  hypotheses  above  mentioned,  the  first 

this   apparent    difficulty.     One    supposes,  that  for  is    maintained    by  Dr.    Hales  ;  the  second  by  Dr. 

Elijah  we  ought  to  read  Elisha.     Another,  that  the  Wall :  the  third  by  Pfeiffer,  and  Bishop  Patrick  on 

Elijah  here  mentioned  is  another  prophet  of  that  the   authority  ofKimchi.     There   is  yet  another, 

name,  and  not  Elijah  the  Tishbite.     The  third  is,  which  I  mention  as  a  specimen  of  the  sober  judg- 

that    immediately    preceding    his    ascension    into  ment  exercised  in  Jewish  or  Rabbinical   criticism, 

heaven,  when  Jehoram  was  first  raised  to  the  joint  The  Jews  believe  that  Elijah  sent  the  letter  to  Jeho- 

administration  of  the  kingdom  by  his  father  Jeliosh-  ram  from  heaven.     In  one  of  their  books,  indeed,  it 

nphat.  Elijah  predicted  the  enormities  of  which  he  is  asserted  that   Elijah  is  still  engaged  in  writing  a 

would  be  guilty,  and  left  the  writing  with  the  sons  history  of  the  world. — Vide  PatrTck   and   Lightfoot 

of  the  prophets.    When  the  circumstances  prophe-  in  loc. ;  Pfeiffer,  Dubia  Vexata,  &,c.  p.  471. 


664 


CONTINUATION  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  JEHORAIM.         [Period  VI 


*  Heb.  without 
desirr,  Je. 


departed  *without  being  desired.     Howbeit  they  buried  him  in   the 
i^-    '  city  of  David,  but  not  in  the  sepulchres  of  the  kings. 

-^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Joram,  and  all  that  he  did,    2  Kings  viii. 

are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the        23,24. 

Kings  of  Judah  ?  ~^  And  Joram  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried 
^2Ch^2-/6°ana   ^^^^  ^^^^  fathers  iu  the  city  of  David:  and  tAhaziah  his  son  reigned  in 

Jehoahaz,  dch.     his   StCad. 


21.  17,  6c  25.  23. 


-Ed. 


.  Jclioram.  2  Kings  viii.  17-22. — "  Thirty  and  two  years  old  was  "he  when  he  began  to  reign  ;  and  he 

reigned  eiglit  years  in  Jerusalem.  '^  And  he  walked  in  the  way  of  the  kings  of  Israel,  as 
did  the  house  of  Ahab,  (for  the  daughter  of  Ahab  was  his  wife ;)  and  he  did  evil  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord.  "'Yet  the  Lord  would  not  destroy  Judah  for  David  his  servant's  sake, 

T  Hcb.  carnUe,  or,  as  he  promised  him  to  give  hiin  always  a  tlight,  (nid  to  his  children.  ' 

"'"'''    ■  2"In  his  days  Edom  revolted  from   under  the  hand  of  Judah,  and  made  a  king  over 

themselves.  2'  So  Joram  went  over  to  Zair,  and  all  the  chariots  with  him :  and  he  rose 
by  night,  and  smote  the  Edomites  which  compassed  him  about,  and   the  captains  of  the 

1  And  so  fulfilled,  chariots  ;  and  the  people  fled  into  their  tents.  ^-  tYet  Edom  revolted  from  under  the  hand 
of  Judah  unto  this  day.     Then  Libnah  revolted  at  the  same  time. 


A.  M.  3117. 
B.  C.  887. 
Hales,  891. 


•  Or,  Let  not  the 
LORDsave  thee. 


Part  V. — Portion  II. 

EVENTS   IN   THE   KINGDOM  OF   ISRAEL,   CONTEMPORARY   WITH  THE 
REIGN   OF  JEHORAM,  KING  OF  JUDAH. 

Continuation   of  the   Reign  of  Jclioram,  King  of  Israel ; — Siege  of  Sama- 
ria ; —  The   Famine   and  sudden  Deliverance. 
2  Kings  vi.  24,  to  the  end,  vii.  and  viii.  1-6. 
T7ie  famine  in  Samaria  canselh   women  to  eat  their  own  children..     30  The  kiiiz  sendeth  to  slay 
Elisha. — Chap.  vii.  1  Eli.slia  prophesieili  incredible  pleriti/  in  Samaria.     3   Fotir  lepers  bi-ing 
tidings  of  the  flight  of  the  Syrians.    12  The  Icing  spoileth  their  tents.    17  The  lord,  who  would  not 
believe  the  prophecy  of  plenty,  is  trodden  to  death  in  the  press.  —  Chap,  viii    1  71ie  Shunam- 
mite,  having  left  her  country  seven  years,  to  avoid  the  forewarned  famine,  for  Elisha's  miracle 
sake  hath  her  land  restored  by  the  king. 

^'^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  this,  that  Ben-hadad  king  of  Syria  gath- 
ered all  his  host,  and  went  up,  and  besieged  Samaria.  ^^  And  there  was 
a  great  famine  in  Samaria  ;  and,  behold,  they  besieged  it,  until  an  ass's 
head  was  sold  for  fourscore  pieces  of  silver,  and  the  fourth  part  of  a 
cab  of  dove's  dung  for  five  pieces  of  silver.  ^"^  And  as  the  king  of  Israel 
was  passing  by  upon  the  wall,  there  cried  a  woman  unto  him,  saying, 
"  Help,  my  lord,  O  king  !  "  -^  And  he  said,  "  *If  the  Lord  do  not  help 
thee,  whence  shall  I  help  thee  ?  out  of  the  barnfloor,  or  out  of  the 
winepress  ?  "  ^^  And  the  king  said  unto  her,  "  What  aileth  thee  ?  "  And 
she  answered,  "  This  woman  said  unto  me,  '  Give  thy  son,  that  we 

aLe.  2C.29.        may  Cat  him  to-day,  and  we   will  eat  my  son   to-morrow.'  ^o  go  "we 

^Heh.  other.  boilcd  my  son,  and  did  eat  him  ;  and  I  said  unto  her  on  the  tnextday, 
'  Give  thy  son,  that  we  may  eat  him  ;  '  and  siie  hatli  hid  her  son." 

2"  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  king  heard  the  words  of  the  woman, 
that  he  rent  his  clothes  ;  and  he  passed  by  upon  the  wall,  and  the  people 
looked,  and,  behold,  he  had  sackcloth  witliin  upon  his  flesh.  ^'  Then 
he  said,  "God  do  so  and  more  also  to  me,  if  the  head  of  Elisha  the 
son  of  Shaphat  shall  stand  on  him  this  day."  ^~  But  Elisha  sat  in  his 

ft^Ez.8. 1.&20.  house,  and  Hhe  elders  sat  with  him.  And  the  king  sent  a  man  from 
before  him  ;  but  ere  the  messenger  came  to  him,  he  said  to  the  elders, 

e  Lu.  13. 32.  a  ggg  ''yQ  j^qw  tliis  SOU  of  ''a  murdcrcr  hath  sent  to  take  away  my  head  ? 
look,  when  the  messenger  cometh,  shut  the  door,  and  hold  him  fast  at 
the  door:  is  not  the  sound  of  his  master's  feet  behind  him  ?  "  ^^  And 
while  he  yet  talked  with  them,  beliold,  the  messenger  came  down  unto 

eJob2.9.  ],im  :  and  he  said,  "Behold,  this  evil  is  of  the  Lord  ;  'what  should  I 

wait  for  tiie  Lord  any  longer  ?  " 

^  Then  Elisha  said,  "  Hear  ye  the  word  of  the  Lord.  Thus  o  Kings 
saith  the   Lord,  To-morrow  about  this  time  shall  a  measure  vii. 

of  fine  flour  be  sold  for  a  shekel,  and  two  measures  of  barley  for  a 


3.  1. 


Part  v.]  continuation  OF  THE  REIGN  OF  JEHORA.M.  665 

;Heb. wucftbe-  shekel,  ill  the  gate  of  Samaria."  -Then  a  lord  ton  whose  hand  the 
toflLni«^  king  leaned  answered  the  man  of  God,  and  said,  "  Behold,  ^if  the 
rKi.tir"'     Lord  would  make  windows  in  heaven,  might  this  thing  be?  "     And 

/Mai.  3. 10.  j,e  said,  "  Behold,  thou  shalt  see  it  with  thine  eyes,  but  shalt  not 
eat  thereof." 

g  Le.  13. 4c.  3  ^„fj  t^ej-e  wero  four  leprous  men  ^at  the  entering  in  of  the  gate  ; 

and  they  said  one  to  another,  "  Why  sit  we  here  until  we  die  ?  "*  If 
we  say.  We  will  enter  into  the  city,  then  the  famine  is  in  the  city, 
and  we  shall  die  there  :  and  if  we  sit  still  here,  we  die  also.  Now 
therefore  come,  and  let  us  fall  unto  the  host  of  the  Syrians  ;  if  they 
save  us  alive,  we  shall  live,  and  if  they  kill  us,  we  shall  but  die." 
5  And  they  rose  up  in  the  twilight,  to  go  unto  the  camp  of  the  Syrians  ; 
and  when  they  were  come  to  the  uttermost  part  of  the  camp  of  Syria, 
behold,  there  was  no  man  there !  '^  For  the  Lord  had  made  the  host 

A2_sa.5.24.  Job  ^f  ^j-^g  gy^ians  ''to  hear  a  noise  of  chariots,  and  a  noise  of  horses,  even 
the  noise  of  a  great  host:  and  they  said  one  to  another,  "  Lo !  the 
king  of  Israel  hath  hired  against  us  the  kings  of  the  Hittites,  and  the 
48.4-6.  Pr.  i-ij^gs  of  the  Egyptians,  to  come  upon  us."  '  Wherefore  they  ^arose  and 
fled'' in  the  twilight,  and  left  their  tents,  and  their  horses,  and  their  asses, 
even  the  camp  as  it  was,  and  fled  for  their  life.  ^  And  when  these  lepers 
came  to  the  uttermost  part  of  the  camp,  they  went  into  one  tent,  and 
did  eat  and  drink,  and  carried  thence  silver,  and  gold,  and  raiment, 
and  went  and  hid  it ;  and  came  again,  and  entered  into  another  tent, 
and  carried  thence  also,  and  went^and  hid  it.  ^  Then  they  said  one  to 
another,  "  We  do  not  well ;  this  day  is  a  day  of  good  tidings,  and  we 

*fild\Zhmf^  hold  our  peace.  If  we  tarry  till  the  morning  light,  *some  mischief 
"  ^"""^ """ '  will  come  upon  us  ;  now  therefore  come,  that  we  may  go  and  tell  the 
king's  household."  ^^  So  they  came  and  called  unto  the  porter  of  the 
city  ;  and  they  told  them,  saying,  "  We  came  to  the  camp  of  the  Syr- 
ians, and,  behold,  there  was  no  man  there,  neither  voice  of  man,  but 
horses  tied,  and  asses  tied,  and  the  tents  as  they  were."  ^^  And  he 
called  the  porters  ;  and  they  told  it  to  the  king's  house  within. 

12  And  the  king  arose  in  the  night,  and  said  unto  his  servants,  "  I  will 
now  show  you  what  the  Syrians  have  done  to  us.  They  know  that  we 
be  hungry  ;  therefore  are  they  gone  out  of  the  camp  to  hide  themselves 
in  the  field,  saying.  When  they  come  out  of  the  city,  we  shall  catch 
them  alive,  and  get  into  the  city."  ^^  And  one  of  his  servants  answered 
and  said,  "  Let  some  take,  1  pray  thee,  five  of  the  horses  that  remain, 

tHeh.  in  it.  which  are  left  tin  the  city,  (behold,  they  are  as  all  the  multitude  of 
Israel  that  are  left  in  it :  behold,  I  say,  they  are  even  as  all  the  multi- 
tude of  the  Israelites  that  are  consumed  ;)  and  let  us  send  and  see." 
14  They  took  therefore  two  chariot  horses ;  and  the  king  sent  after  the 
host  of  the  Syrians,  saying,  "  Go  and  see."  ^^  And  they  went  after  them 
unto  Jordan  ;  and,  lo !  all  the  way  was  full  of  garments  and  vessels, 
which  the  Syrians  had  cast  away  in  their  haste.  And  the  messengers 
returned,  and  told  the  king.  ^^  And  the  people  went  out,  and  spoiled 
the  tents  of  the  Syrians.  So  a  measure  of  fine  flour  was  sold  for  a 
shekel,  and  two  measures  of  barley  for  a  shekel,  according  to  the  word 
of  the  Lord. 

!■'  And  the  king  appointed  the  lord  on  whose  hand  he  leaned  to  have 
the  charge  of  the  gate  ;  and  the  people  trode  upon  him  in  the  gate, 
and  he  died,  as  the  man  of  God  had  said,  who  spake  when  the  king 
came  down  to  him.  ^^And  it  came  to  pass  as  the  man  of  God  had 
spoken  to  the  king,  saying,  "  Two  measures  of  barley  for  a  shekel,  and 
a  measure  of  fine  flour  for  a  shekel,  shall  be  to-morrow  about  this  time 
in  the  gate  of  Samaria."  ^^  And  that  lord  answered  the  man  of  God, 
and  said,  "  Now,  behold,  if  the  Lord  should  make  windows  in  heaven, 
VOL.    I.  S4  3  D*' 


666 


THE  REIGN  OF  AHAZIAH. 


[Period  VI. 


j  2  Ki.  4.  35. 


k  Ps.  105.  16. 
Hag.  1.  11. 


X  Or,  cuntick. 


might  such  a  thing  be  ?  "  And  he  said,  "  Behold,  thiou  shalt  see  it  with 
thine  eyes,  but  shall  not  eat  thereof."  ^^  And  so  it  fell  out  unto  him  ; 
for  the  people  trode  upon  him  in  the  gate,  and  he  died. 

^  Then  spake  Ehsha  unto  the  woman,  •'whose  son  he  had^KiNGsviii. 
restored  to  life,  saying,  "  Arise,  and  go  thou  and  thy  house- 
hold, and  sojourn  wheresoever  thou  canst  sojourn  ;  for  the  Lord  *hath 
called  for  a  famine,  and  it  shall  also  come  upon  the  land  seven  years." 
^  And  the  woman  arose,  and  did  after  the  saying  of  the  man  of  God  ; 
and  she  went  with  her  household,  and  sojourned  in  the  land  of  the 
Philistines  seven  years.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  seven  years'  end, 
that  the  woman  returned  out  of  the  land  of  the  Philistines  ;  and  she 
went  forth  to  cry  unto  the  king  for  her  house  and  for  her  land.  '^  And 
the  king  talked  with  'Gehazi  the  servant  of  the  man  of  God,  saying, 
"  Tell  me,  I  pray  thee,  all  the  great  things  that  Elisha  hath  done." 
^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  he  was  telling  the  king  how  he  had  restored 
a  dead  body  to  life,  that,  behold,  the  woman,  whose  son  he  had  re- 
stored to  life,  cried  to  the  king  for  her  house  and  for  her  land.  And 
Gehazi  said,  ''My  lord,  O  king,  this  is  the  woman,  and  this  is  her  son, 
whom  Elisha  restored  to  life."  ^  And  when  the  king  asked  the  woman, 
she  told  him.  So  the  king  appointed  unto  her  a  certain  lofficer,  saving, 
"  Restore  all  that  was  hers,  and  all  the  fruits  of  the  field  since  the  day 
that  she  left  the  land,  even  until  now." 


PORTION  I. 

1  Year. 
A.   M.  .1119. 

B. C.  883. 
Hales,  895. 


PART    VI. — Portion  I. 
THE  REIGN   OF  AHAZIAH,  KING  OF  JUDAH. 

2  Chron.  xxii.  1. — 2  Kings  viii.  25. — 2  Chron.  xxii.  2-7. — 2  Kings  ix.  part  ofver.  27. — 
2  Chron.  xxii.  8,  aiid  part  of  9. — 2  Kings  ix.  part  of  27,  28. — 2  Chros.  xxii.  part  of 
9. — 2  Kings  ix.  29,  viii.  26,  to  the  end. — 2  Chron.  xxii.  middle  part  of  xer.  9. 

Ahaziah  succeedeth  Jehoram,  and  rpi^neth  wickedhj.  He  maketh  a  conMeracT)  with  Jehoram  son  of 
Ahab.     He  is  slain  by  Jehu. 

^AND  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  made  Ahaziah  his  youngest 
son  king  in  his  stead  ;  for  the  band  of  men  that  came  with  the 
Arabians  to  the  camp  had  slain  all  the  "eldest.  So  Ahaziah  the 
son  of  Jehoram  king  of  Judah  reigned.  --^  In  the  ^'^Uwelfth  2  Kings  viii. 
year  of  Joram  the  son  of  Ahab  king  of  Israel  did  Ahaziah  ^^• 

the  son  of  Jehoram  king  of  Judah  begin  to  reign.  ~  Forty  and  two  years 
old  was  "^'Ahaziah  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he  reigned  one  year 
in  Jerusalem.  His  mother's  name  also  was  ''Athaliah  the  daugh- 
ter ofOmri.  -^He  also  walked  in  the  ways  of  the  house  of  Ahab;  for 
his  mother  was  his  counsellor  to  do  wickedly.  ^  Wherefore  he  did  evil  in 
the  sight  of  the  Lord  like  the  house  of  Ahab  ;  for  they  were  his  coun- 
sellors after  the  death  of  his  father  to  his  destruction. 

^He  walked  also  after  their  counsel,  and  went  with  Jehoram  the  son 
of  Ahab  king  of  Israel  to  war  against  Hazael  king  of  Syria  at  Ramoth- 
gilead ;  and  the  Syrians  smote  Joram.  ^  And  he  returned  to  be  healed 


('*)  In  2  Kinffs  viii.  25.  we  read  that  in  the 
"  twelfth  year"  of  .Inrnm,  Ahaziah  began  to  reign  ; 
and  in  2  Kings  ix.  29.  tliat  it  was  in  tlie  "  eleventh 
year."  The  coininencement  of  Ahaziah's  reign  is 
computed  in  the  first  passage  from  the  year  when 
Joram  assumed  the  reins  of  government,  in  the  last 
year  of  his  father's  life  ;  in  the  second  passage  it  is 
dated  from  his  father's  death. — Vide  Liglitfoot's 
Prolecromena  to  the  Harmony  of  tlie  Evangelists; 
Works,  vol.  i.  p.  388. 

('8)  In  2  Chronicles  xxii.  2,  we  read,  Ahaziah 
was  forty-two  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign  ; 
and  in  2  Kings  viii.  2(i.  we  read,  he  was  twenty-two 


years  old  at  that  time.  This  difficulty  is  solved,  by 
reading  with  the  Septuagint.  Syriac,  and  Arabic 
versions,  "twenty-two"'  instead  of "  forty-two"  in 
the  first  passage  ;  or  by  supposing  with  Lightfoot, 
that  the  autho'r  of  the  Book  of  Chronicles  computed 
from  the  accession  of  the  house  of  Omri,  his 
mother's  name  being  Athaliah  the  daughter  of 
Omri.  The  original  properly  signifies,  "  Ahaziah 
was  the  son  of  the  two  and  forty  years,'"  namely,  of 
the  house  of  Omri.  A  similar  mode  of  reckoning 
occurs  in  2  Kings  xxiv.  8,  compared  with  2  Chron- 
icles xxxvi.  9. — Vide  I^ightfoot  in  loc. ;  Ilalcss 
Jlnal.  vol.  ii.  p.  428. 


Part  VI.] 


THE  DEATH  OF  AHAZIAH. 


667 


t  Otlierwise 
called  Ahuuah, 
ver.  1,  and  Jeho- 
a/(a:,aCh.2l.l7. 

down. 
cJu.  J4 

t)\adiiig 
4. 

*thetwomZ7'''^''  "^  Jezreel  because  of  the  wounds  *  which  were  given  him  at  Ramah, 
/'"«•  when  he  fought  with  Hazael  king  of  Syria.     And  t Azariah  the  son  of 

Jehoram  king  of  Judah  went  down  to  see  Jehoram  the  son  of  Ahab  at 
Jezreel,  because  he  was  sick.  ^  And  tlie  ^destruction  of  Ahaziah  "was 
of  God  by  coming  to  Joram  :  for  when  he  was  come,  he  went  out  with 
Jehoram  against  Jehu  the  son  of  Ninishi,  whom  the  Lord  had  anointed 
to  cut  off  the  house  of  Ahab. 

-''  But  when  Ahaziah  the  king  of  Judah  saw  this,  '"'he       2  Kings  ix. 
fled  by  the  way  of  the  garden-house.  part  of  27. 

'^  And  it  came  to  pass,  that,  when  Jehu  was  ''executing  SCnRON.xxii. 
judgment  upon  the  house  of  Aliab,  and  found  the  princes  of      '^^' ^*'^'  ^' 
Judah,  and  the  sons   of  the  brethren  of  Ahaziah,  that  ministered   to 
Ahaziah,  he  slew  them.  ^  And  'lie  sought  Ahaziah  ;  and  they  caught 
him,  (for  he  was  hid  in  Samaria,)  and  brought  him  to  Jehu. 

^^  And  Jehu  followed  after  him,  and  said,  "  Smite  him  also  2  Kings  ix. 
in  the  chariot."    And  they  did  so  at  the  going   up 
which  is  by  Ibleam.   And  he  fled  to  Megiddo,  and  died  there. 
^®  And  his  servants  carried  him  in  a  chariot  to  Jerusalem,  and  buried 
him  in  his  sepulchre  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David  ; 
^"because,"  said  they,  "  he  is  the  son  of  Jehoshaphat,  who  2  Chron.  xxU. 
■^sought  the  Lord  with  all  his  heart."    So  the  house  of  part  of  ver.  9. 
Ahaziah  had  no  power  to  keep  still  the  kingdom. 

^^  And  in  the  eleventh  year  of  Joram  the  son  of  Ahab  began  o  Kings  ix. 
Ahaziah  to  reign  over  Judah. 


d2Ki.  10.  10,11, 
J3,  14. 


eaKI.  9.  27,  at 
Megiddo  in  the 
kingdom  of  Sa- 
maria. 


/2  Ch.  17.  4. 


,       ^  part  of  ver. 

to    Gur,  ^7  and  28. 


29. 


2  Kings  viii.  26,  to  the  end. — ^^  Two  and  twenty  years  old  was  Ahaziah  when  he  began  to 
reign  ;  and  he  reigned  one  year  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name  was  Athaliah,  the 
*daughter  of  Oinri  king  of  Israel.  ^^  And  he  walked  in  the  way  of  the  house  of  Ahab,  and 
did  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  as  did  the  house  of  Ahab;  for  he  was  the  son-in-law  of 
the  house  of  Ahab. 

^*  And  he  went  with  Joram  the  son  of  Ahab  to  the  war  against  Hazael  king  of  Syria  in 
Ramoth-gilead  ;  and  the  Syrians  wounded  Joram.  ^  And  king  Joram  went  back  to  be 
healed  in  Jezreel  of  the  wounds  twhich  the  Syrians  had  given  him  at  tRamah,  when  he 
J  Called,  iJamofA,  fought  against  Hazael  king  of  Syria.  And  Ahaziah  the  son  of  Jehoram  king  of  Judah 
*  iltih'.  wvundtd.     went  down  to  see  Joram  the  son  of  Ahab  in  Jezreel,  because  he  was  *sick. 

2  Chron.  xxii.  middle  of  ver.  9. — And  when  they  had  slain  him,  they  buried  him ; — 


f  Heb.  wheremith 
the  Syrians  had 
■wounded. 


(!')  This  passage  refers  to  the  death  of  Joram, 
who  was  slain  when  he  went  out  to  meet  Jehu,  ac- 
companied by  Ahaziah,  2  Kings  ix.  23.  The  ab- 
ruptness of  this  division  is  unavoidable,  as  the  death 
of  Ahaziah  is  related  by  the  inspired  writers  in  inti- 
mate connection  with  that  of  Jehoram  :  but  in  this 
arrangement  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  separate 
them,  that  the  account  of  Ahaziah's  death  might  be 
given  with  his  life  and  reign. 

The  circumstances  attending  on  the  death  of  this 
king,  as  they  are  related  in  2  Chron.  xxii.  8,9,  seem 
at  first  sight  to  differ  materially  from  those  men- 
tioned in  2  Kings  ix.  27,  28.  In  the  former  passage 
we  read,  that  Aiiaziah,  after  making  his  escape  from 
Jezreel,  was  brought  to  Jehu  in  Samaria,  and  when 
they  had  slain  liim  they  buried  him.  From  wliich 
it  might  be  inferred,  that  Jehu  had  commanded  that 
Ahaziah  should  be  slain  in  Samaria.  In  the  latter 
passage  we,  on  the  contrary,  read,  that  he  was 
mortally  wounded  at  Gur,  near  Ibleam,  while  Jehu 
was  following  him.  Notwithstanding  these  appar- 
ent contradictions,  the  two  accounts,  I  think,  may 
be  reconciled,  by  observing  the  order  of  tlie  events, 
as  shown  in  the  Book  of  Chronicles. 

The  chief  cause  of  the  apparent  inconsistency 
lies  in  the  expression  (2  Chron.  xxii.  9,)  "  they 
brought  him  to  Jehu  ;  "  from  which  phrase  it  would 
appear,  that  Ahaziah  was  actually  made  a  prisoner, 
and  as  such  brought  to  Jehu.  But  the  word  in  the 
original,  inN3')  though  it  signifies  "brought,"  as  our 
translators   have  rendered  it,   may  have  a  wider 


signification,  and  may  be  thus  translated,  "  They 
caused  him  to  be  seen  by  Jehu:"  Ahaziah  was 
pointed  out,  or  made  to  appear,  or  caused  to  be  seen 
by  Jehu,  when  he  fled  from  Samaria ;  who  imme- 
diately, upon  seeing  him,  issued  the  order  to  his 
soldiers,  "  Smite  him  also  in  the  chariot. 

By  interpreting  the  phrase  in  question  in  this 
manner,  we  solve  the  whole  difficulty.  Ahaziah, 
after  the  death  of  Joram,  made  his  escape  to  Samaria, 
to  which  place  he  is  followed  (after  Jehu  had  de- 
stroyed Ahab's  brethren  and  children,  as  well  as 
Aliaziah's  kindred),  by  Jehu  and  his  soldiers.  On 
their  arrival  at  Samaria,  they  search  for,  and  dis- 
cover, the, retreat  of  Ahaziah  ;  wlio,  on  perceiving 
that  his  hiding  place  was  known,  again  attempted  to 
make  his  escape.  In  so  doing,  Jehu  sees  him,  and 
immediately  gives  the  order, "  Smite  him  also  in  the 
chariot,"  (as  Joram  was  smitten,)  and  they  did  so 
at  the  going  up  to  Gur,  which  is  Ijy  Ibleam,  where 
Ahaziah  was  overtaken.  After  the  soldiers  of  Jehu 
had  mortally  wounded  him,  his  charioteer  escaped 
with  him  to  Megiddo,  where  he  died. 

On  consulting  the  map  of  tlie  tribe  of  Manasseh, 
in  which  these  events  took  place,  it  will  be  found 
that  tliey  might  all  have  occurred  within  the  space 
of  two  days.  Joram  was  killed  at  Jezreel,  from 
which  place  Samaria  was  ten  miles  distant ;  from 
Samaria  to  Gur,  not  quite  eight ;  from  Gur  to 
Ibleam,  twelve  more  ;  and  Ibleam  was  less  than  four 
miles  from  Megiddo. — Vide  the  map  of  the  tribe  of 
Ephraim,  in  Heming's  Scripture  Atlas. 


^68  CONSPIRACY  OF  JEHU.  [Period  VL 

Part  VI. — Portion  II. 

EVENTS  IN  THE  KINGDOM  OF   ISRAEL,   CONTEMPORARY   WITH   THE 
REIGN   OF   AHAZIAH. 

SECT.  I.  Sectio.v  I. — Murder  of  Ben-hadad  by  Hazael. 

A.  M~3li9.  2  Kings  viii.  7-15. 

B.  C.  885.  Hazael  being  sent  with  a  present  by  Ben-hadad  to  Elisha  at  Damascus,  after  he  had  heard  tlie 
prophecy,  Idlleth  his  nutster  ami  succeedflh  him. 

''  And  Elisha  came  to  Damascus  ;  and  Ben-hadad  the  king  of  Syria 
was  sick  ;  and  it  was  told  him,  saying,  "The  man  of  God   is  come 

iisa.  9.7.  hither."  ^  And  the  king  said  unto  "Hazael,  "  Take ''a  present  in  thy 
hand,  and  go,  meet  the  man  of  God,  and  inquire  of  the  Lord  by  him, 
saying,  Shall  I  recover  of  this  disease  ?  "  ^  So  Hazael  went  to  meet 

w.''"  "  him,  and  took  a  present  *with  him,  even  of  every  good  thing  of  Da- 
mascus, forty  camels'  burden,  and  came  and  stood  before  him,  and 
said,  "  Thy  son  Ben-hadad  king  of  Syria  hath  sent  me  to  thee,  saying, 
Shall  I  recover  of  this  disease  ?  "  ^°  And  Elisha  said  unto  him,  "  Go,  say 
unto  him,  Thou  mayest  certainly  recover  ;  howbeit  the  Lord  hath 
showed   me  that  he  shall  surely  "*"die."  ^^  And  he  settled  his  counte- 

t  ^^\^'^J'^  "•  nance  {steadfastly ,  until  he  was  ashamed ;  and  the  man  of  GodSvept.  '-And 
Hazael  said,  "  Why  weepeth  my  lord  ?  "  And  he  answered,  "  Because  I 


Lu.  19.  41. 
d  2  Ki.  10.  .32.  & 


12. 17.  &  '13;  3,    know  ''the  evil  that  thou  wilt  do  unto  the  children  of  Israel :  their  stroni 


holds  wilt  thou  set  on  fire,  and  their  young  men  wilt  thou  slay  with  the 

'ill^iii^Vmos"]'  ^^^'^''d'  '^"d  '^"^''Jt  dash  their  children,  and  rip  up  their  women  with  child." 

13.  ■  '^  And  Hazael  said,  '•  But  what,  is  thy  servant  a  dog,  that  he  should  do 

/iKi.  19. 15.       this  great  thing  ?  "   And  Elisha  answered,  "  The -^Lord   hath  showed 

me  that  thou  shalt  be  king  over  Syria."   ^^  So  he  departed  from  Elisha, 

and  came  to  his  master,  who  said  to  him,  "  What  said  Elisha  to  thee  ?  " 

And  he  answered,  "  He  told  me  that  thou  shouldest  surely  recover." 

^^And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  he  took  a  thick  cloth,  and 

dipped  it  in  water,  and  spread  it  on  his  face,  so  that  he  died ;  and 

Hazael  reigned  in  his  stead. 

SECT.  II.  Section  II. — Cotispirari/  of  Jehu  ; — Death  of  Jchoram. 

A.  uTzno.  -  ^^''^'^^  '-^- 1-26- 

B.  C.  884.         Fdisha  sendeth  a  ynnng  prophet  m'th  instructions  to  anoint  Jehu  at  Ramoth-eilead.     4  The  prophet 
u  ,„.   cQK  hai'ing  done  his  messacre  Jleeth.     \l  Jehu,  being  made  king  by  the  soldiers,  Idlleth  Joram  in  the 

Hales^895.  Jeldo/Naboth.  °  "  "      ^ 

^  And  Elisha  the  prophet  called  one  of  the  children  of  the  prophets, 
and  said  unto  him,  "  Gird  up  thy  loins,  and  take  this  bo.\  of  oil  in 
thy  hand,  and  go  to  Ramoth-gilead.  -And  when  thou  comest  thither, 
look  out  there  Jehu  the  son  of  Jehosi.aphat  the  son  of  Ninishi,  and  go 
in,  and  make  him  arise  up  from  among  his  brethren,  and  carry  him  to 
*  ueb.  chamber  in  an  ^iuncr  chamber  ;  -^then  take  the  box  of  oil,  and  pour  it  on  his  head, 
and  say.  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  I  have  anointed  thee  king  over  Israel. 
Then  open  the  door,  and  flee,  and  tarry  not." 

^  So  tlie  young  man,  even  the  young  man  the  prophet,  went  to  Ra- 
moth-gilead. •''  And  when  he  came,  behold,  tiic  ca[)tains  of  the  host  were 
sitting  ;  and  he  said,  "■  I  have  an  errand  to  iiiee,  O  captain  !  "  And 
Jehu  said,  "  Unto  which  of  all  us  ? "  And  he  said,  "  To  thee,  O  cap- 
tain !  "  ''And  he  arose,  and  went  into  the  house  ;  and  he  poured  the 
oil  on  his  head,  and  .said  unto  him,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of 
Israel,  I  have  anointed  thee  king  over  the  people  of  the  Lord,  even 
over  Israel.  ''  And  thou  shalt  smite  the  house  of  Ahab  thy  master,  that 

('*)  This  passage  has  been  much  misunderstood,  adds    in    a   reproachful    and    significant   manner, 

The  most  probable  meaning  seems  to  be, "  Tell  the  "  Howbeit  tlio  Lord  hath  showed  me  that  he  shall 

king  that  his  disease  is  not  mortal,  and  therefore  he  surely  die  ;  "  intimating,  by  these  words,  "  the  king 

might  recover  from  it."     The  proi)het,  however,  will  die,  but  he  would  have  recovered,  had  he   not 

who  foresaw  that  Hazael  would  murder  the  king,  been  prevented  by  your  violence  and  treachery. 


THE  DEATH  OF  JEHORAM. 


669 


Ki.  14.10.  & 


d  1  Ki.   16.  3,  11 
el  Ki.  21.23. 


/Je.  99.  26.  Jo. 
10.  20.  Ac.  26. 
24.  1  Co.  4.  10. 


g  Ma^.  21.  7. 
■f  Heb.  reignelh. 

\  Heb.  Jehoram. 
*  Heb.  syiiote. 

■f  Heb.  let  ne  es- 
caper  go,  Sfc. 


J  Or,  marching. 

*  Heb.  in  mad- 
ness. 

t  Heb.  Bind. 
t  Heb  found. 


*  Heb.  filled  his 
hand  with  a  haw 


I  Heb.  bowed. 


h  1  Ki.  21.  29. 
I  Heb.  bloods. 
i  1  Ki.  21.  19. 
*  Or,  portion. 


I  may  avenge  the  blood  of  my  servants  the  prophets,  and  the  blood  of 
all  the  servants  of  the  Lord,  at  the  hand  of  Jezebel.  For  the  whole 
house  of  Ahab  shall  perish  ;  and  "I  will  cut  off  from  Ahab  him  that 
pisseth  against  the  wall,  and  Miim  that  is  shut  up  and  left  in  Israel. 
9  And  I  vvill  make  the  house  of  Ahab  like  the  house  of  Jeroboam  the 
son  of  Nebat,  and  like  the  house  of  ^Baasha  the  son  of  Ahijah.  i"  And 
^the  doc^s  shall  eat  Jezebel  in  the  portion  of  Jezreel,  and  there  shall  be 
none  to'bury  her."    And  he  opened  the  door,  and  fled. 

11  Then  Jehu  came  forth  to  the  servants  of  his  lord  :  and  one  said 
unto  him,  "Is  all  well?  wherefore  came-^this  mad  fellow  to  thee?  ^^ 
And  he  said  unto  them,  "  Ye  know  the  man,  and  his  communication. 
1-2  And  they  said,  "  It  is  false  ;  tell  us  now."    And  he  said,  "  Thus  and 
thus  spake  he  to  me,  saying,  '  Thus  saith  the   Lord,  I  have  anointed 
thee  king  over  Israel.' "  ''  Then  they  hasted,  and  "took  every  man  his 
garment!  and  put  it  under  him  on  the  top  of  the  stairs,  and  blew  with 
Trumpets,  saying,  "  Jehu  tis  king  !  "   '^  So  Jehu  tl.e  son  of  Jehoshapha 
the  son  of  Nimshi  conspired  against  Joram.     (Now  Joram   had   kept 
Ramoth-gilead,  he   and  all  Israel,  because  of  Hazael  king   of  byria. 
15  But  kincT  t  Joram  was  returned  to  be  healed  in  Jezreel  of  the  wounds 
which  the"Syrians*had  given  him,  when  he  fought  with  Hazael  kmg 
of  Syria.)     And  Jehu  said,  "  If  it  be  your  minds   then  let   none  go 
forth  nor  escape  out  of  the  city  to  go  to  tell  it  in  Jezreel.     ''  So  Jehu 
rode  in  a   chariot,  and  went  to  Jezreel;  for   Joram   W  there      And 
Ahaziah  king  of  Judah  was  come   down   to  see    Joram.       And  there 
stood  a  watchman  on  the  tower  in  Jezreel,  and  he  spied  the  company 
of  Jehu  as  he  came,  and  said,  "  I  see  a  company."     And  Joram  said 
"  Take   a  horseman,  and   send  to  meet  them,  and  let  him   say,  Is  it 
peace '  "   '^  So  there  went  one  on  horseback  to  meet  him,  and   said, 
J' Thus  saith   the  king,  Is  it  peace?"  And   Jehu  said,  "  What  hast 
thou  to  do  with  peace?  turn  thee   behind  me."     And  the  watchman 
told  sayino-   <'  The  messenger  came  to  them,  but  he  comethnot  again. 
19  Then  he" sent  out  a  second  on  horseback,  which  came  to  them   and 
said  "  Thus  saith  the  king,  Is  it  peace  ?  "   And  Jehu  answered.    What 
hast  thou  to  do  with  peace  ?  turn  thee  behind  me."  ^«  And  the  watchman 
told,  sayincT,  "  He  came  even  unto  them,  and  cometh  not  again  ;  and 
the  idriving  is  like  the  driving  of  Jehu  the  son  of  Nimshi  tor  he  driveth 
^furiously."  ^'  And  Joram  said,  "  tMake  ready."    And  h.s  chariot  was 
made  ready.     And  Joram  king  of  Israel  and  Ahaziah  king  of  Judah 
went  out,  each  in  his  chariot,  and  they  went  out  against  Jehu,  and  Imet 
him  in  the  portion  of  Naboth  the  Jezreelite.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when 
Joram  saw  Jehu,  that  he  said,  "  Is  it  peace,  Jehu  ?  "  And  he  answered, 
-  What  peace,  so  long  as  the  whoredoms  of  thy  mother  Jezebel  and  her 
witchcrafts  are  so  many?"  ^^  And  Joram  turned  ^^f, ^a^ds, and  fled  and 
said  to  Ahaziah, "  There  is  treachery,  O  Ahaziah  !      ^^  And  Jehu    drew 
a  bow  with  his  full  strength,  and  smote  Jehoram  between  his  arms,  and 
the  arrow  went  out  at  his  heart,  and  he  tsunk  down  in  his  chariot. 
25  Then  said  Jehu  to  Bidkar  his  captain,  "  Take  up,  and  cast  him  m  the 
portion  of  the  field  of  Naboth  the  Jezreelite  ;  for  remember  how  that, 
when  I  and  thou  rode  together  after  Ahab  his  father,  "the  Lord  laid  this 
burden  upon  him.  ^' '  Surely  I  have  seen  yesterday  the  tblood  of  Naboth, 
and  the  blood  of  his  sons,'  saith  the  Lord  ;  '  and  1  will  requite  t.iee  in 
this  *plat,'  saith  the  Lord.    Now  therefore  take  and  cast  h.m  into  the 
plat  of  ground,  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord. 


6*0  REIGN  OF  JEHU— DEATH  OF  JEZEBEL.         [Period  VI. 

SECT.  in.      Section  III. — Reign   of   Jehu ; — Death    of  Jczehd,   of  Ahab's    Sons,  of 

■~  Ahaziah's  Kindred,  and  of  BaaFs   Priests. 

B.  C.  8S4.  ■^  Ki.vGS  ix.  30,  to  the  end,  and  x.  l-2d. 

Hales,  895.        Jezebel  is  sluin  by  command  o/Jelut,  and  eaten  bi/  dogs.  — Chap.  x.  1  Jehu  causeth  severrljj  of  Allah's 

children  to  be  beheaded.     8  He  e.rciiselh  the  fact  by  the  prophecy  of  Elijah.     12  He  slayeth  two 

and  forty  of  Ahaziah's  brethren.     13  He  taketh  Jehonadab  into  his  company.     18  By  sttbtilty  he 
destroyeth  all  the  worshippers  of  Baal. 

•  Heb.putA^r  ^'^  And  when  Jehu  was  come  to  Jezreel,  Jezebel  heard  of  it;  and 

Iz.-^^lT"'^'  she  *painted  her  face,  and  tired  her  head,  and  looked  out  at  a  window. 

a  I  Ki.  16. 9-20.    ^^  Kud  as  Jchu  entered  in  at  the  gate,  she  said,  >•  Had  "Ziniri  peace, 

who  slew  his  master  ?  "  ^-  And  he  lifted  up  his  face  to  tJie  window,  and 

said,  '•  Who  is  on  my  side  ?  who  ?  "  And  there  looked  out  to  him  two 

t^T^ <^'«»er-      or  three  feunuchs.  ^^  And  he  said,  '•  Throw  her  down,"     So  they  threw 

lier  down  ;  and  some  of  her  blood  was  sprinkled  on  tiie  wall,  and  on 

the  horses  :  and  he  trode  her  under  foot.  ^^  And  when  he   was  come 

in,    he    did    eat    and    drink,  and    said,   "  Go,  see    now    this    cursed 

b  1  Ki.  16. 31.       woman,  and  bury  her  ;  'for  she  is  a  king's  daughter."  ^^  And  they  went 

to  bury  her;  but  they  found  no  more  of  her  than  the  skull,  and  the 

feet,  and  the  palms  of  her  hands.  ^"^  Wherefore  they  came  again,  and 

told  him.     And  he  said,  '•  This  is  the  word  of  the  Lord,  which  he 

h^nd'of" ^"^       sp^'^e  tby  his  servant  Elijah  the  Tishbite,  saying,  'In  'the  portion  of 

c  r'Ki.''2i.  23.       Jezreel  shall  dogs  eat  the  flesh  of  Jezebel.  2' And  the  carcass  of  Jezebel 

<iP3.83. 10.         shall  be  "as  dung  upon  the  face  of  the  field  in  the  portion  of  Jezreel ; 

so  that  they  shall  not  say.  This  is  Jezebel.'  " 

^  And  Ahab  had  seventy  sons  in  Samaria.  And  Jehu  wrote  2  Kings  x. 
letters,  and  sent  to  Samaria,  unto  the  rulers  of  Jezreel,  to  1-2^- 
*Heb. n«iri>Aers.  thc  cldcrs,  and  to  *them  that  brought  up  Ahab's  children,  saying, 
~  "  Now  as  soon  as  this  letter  cometh  to  you,  seeing  your  master's  sons 
are  with  you,  and  there  are  with  you  chariots  and  horses,  a  fenced  city 
also,  and  armor  ;  ^look  even  out  the  best  and  meetestof  your  master's 
sons,  and  set  him  on  his  father's  throne,  and  fight  for  your  master's 
house."  "^But  they  were  exceedingly  afraid,  and  said,  '•  Behold,  two 
kings  stood  not  before  him  :  how  then  shall  we  stand  ?  "  ^  And  he  that 
was  over  the  house,  and  he  that  was  over  the  city,  the  elders  also,  and 
the  bringers  up  of  the  children,  sent  to  Jehu,  saying,  "  We  are  thy 
servants,  and  will  do  all  that  thou  shalt  bid  us  ;  we  will  not  make  any 
king  :  do  thou  that  which  is  good  in  thine  eyes."  ^  Then  he  wrote  a 
tHeb./«rme.  ig^g^  ^j^g  sccoud  time  to  thcm,  saying,  '■'  If  ye  be  tmine,  and  if  ye  will 
hearken  unto  my  voice,  take  ye  the  heads  of  the  men  your  master's 
sons,  and  come  to  me  to  Jezreel  by  to-morrow  this  time."  Now  the 
king's  sons,  being  seventy  persons,  were  with  the  great  men  of  the  city, 
which  brought  them  up.  "And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  letter  came 
eiKi.2i.  21.  to  them,  that  they  took  the  king's  sons,  and  'slew  seventy  persons,  and 
put  their  heads  in  baskets,  and  sent  him  them  to  Jezreel. 

^And  there  came  a   messenger,  and  told  him,  saying,  "  They  have 
brought  the  heads  of  the  king's  sons."     And  he  said,  "  Lay  ye  them  in 
two  heaps  at  the  entering  in  of  the  gate  until   the  morning."  ^And  it 
came  to  pass  in  the  morning,  that  he  went  out,  and  stood,  and  said  to 
all  the  people,  "  Ye  be  righteous :   behold,  I  conspired  against  my  mas- 
ter, and  slew  him :  but  who  slew  all  these  ?  ^*^  Know  now   that  there 
/I  sa.  3. 19.        g|,jj]|  y^^jj   ^j^^^  j.j^^  earth  nothing  of  the  word  of  the  Lord,  which  the 
Lord  spake  concerning  the  house  of  Ahab  ;  for  the  Lord  hath  done 
^o/^Kf.  21.*??  that  which  he  spake  tby  his  servant  Elijah,"   ''  So  Jehu  slew  all  that 
21,29.  '  remained  of  the  house  of  Ahab  in  Jezreel,  and  all  his  great  men,  and  his 

*a?J;.'"'"'""'"      ^kinsfolks,  and  his  priests,  until  he  left  him  none  remaining, 
tHeb.A0u.5e0/         ^""  And  he  arose  and  departed,  and  came  to  Samaria.     And  as   he 
f^''i7»n *'"'*■    ^^^  ^t  the  tshearing  hou.se  in  the  way,  ^^  Jehu  tmet  with  the  brethren 

ing  sheep.  r     a  1         •    1       1  ■ 

iHeb. found.       ot   Ahaziah   king  of  Judah,   and    said,  "  Who  are  ye?"  And   they 


Part  VII.]  THE  REIGN  OF  ATIIALIAH.  671 

*Heb.  to  Ike        answered,  "We  are  the  brethren  of  Ahaziah  ;  and  we   so  down  *to 

peace  of,  9*c.  -^  -'  c5  "^^ 

salute  the  children  of  the  king  and  the  children  of  the  queen."   i"*  And 
he  said,  "  Take  them  alive."     And  they  took  them  alive,  and  slew  them 
at  the  pit  of  the  shearing  house,  even  two  and  forty  men  ;  neither  left 
he  any  of  them. 
tHeb./oKHrf.  15  ^„(|  when  he  was  departed  thence,  he  flighted  on  ^Jehonadab  the 

Ai  ch^'^ir"     ^^"  ^^  ''Rechab  coming  to  meet  him;  and  Jie  tsaluted  him,  and  said  to 
J  Heb.  biessc':!.      him,  "  Is=thy  heart  right,  as  my  heart  is  wiih  thy  heart  ?  "  And  Jehon- 
i  Ezra  10. 19.       adab  answered,  "  It  is."    "  If  it  be,  'give  me  thy  hand."    And  he  gave 
him  his  hand  ;  and  he  took  him  up  to  him  into  the  chariot.   ^^  And  he 
jiKi.  19. 10.       g^jfi^  u  Come  with  me,  and  see  my  ^zeal  for  the  Louo."     So  they  made 
ftsch.  22. 8.       hini  ride  in  his  chariot.  ^^  And  when  he  came  to  Samaria,  'lie  slew  all 
that  remained  unto  Ahab  in  Samaria,  till  he  had  destroyed  him,  accord- 
ing to  the  saying  of  the  Lord,  which  he  spake  to  Elijah. 

^^  And  Jehu  gathered  all  the  people  together,  and  said  unto  them, 

UKi.  16. 31,39.  "Ahab  'served'Baal  a  little;  but  Jehu  shall  serve  him  much.  ^^  Now 

therefore  call  unto  me  all  the  prophets  of  Baal,  all  his  servants,  and 

all  his  priests  ;  let  none  be  wanting ;  for  I  have  a  great  sacrifice  to  do 

to  Baal;  whosoever  shall  be  wanting,  he  shall  not  live."  But  Jehu  did 

it  in  subtilty,  to  the  intent  that  he  might  destroy  the  worshippers  of 

* Reh.  Sanctify.    Baal.  ""^  And  Jehu  said,  "  ^Proclaim  a  solemn  assembly  for  Baal."  And 

they  proclaimed  it.  ^^  And  Jehu  sent  through  all  Israel ;  and  all  the 

worshippers  of  Baal  came,  so  that  there  was  not  a  man  left  that  came 

not.    And  they  came  into  the  house  of  Baal ;  and  the  house  of  Baal  was 

t  Or,  so  fill!,  that  ffuU  froui  ouc  end  to  another.  ^~  And  he  said  unto  him  that  was  over 

they  stood  mouth       .  -r\    •  r        \  i-iii  i-  /■T»i)i4i 

to  mouth.  the  vestry,  "  Bring  torth  vestments  lor  all  the  worsliippers  oi  Baal.     And 

he  brought  them  forth  vestments.  ~^  And  Jehu  went,  and  Jehonadab 
the  son  of  Rechab,  into  the  house  of  Baal,  and  said  unto  the  wor- 
shippers of  Baal,  "  Search,  and  look  that  there  be  here  with  you  none 
of  the  servants  of  the  Lord,  but  the  worshippers  of  Baal  only."  ~^  And 
when  they  went  in  to  offer  sacrifices  and  burnt  offerings,  Jehu  appoint- 
ed fourscore  men  without,  and  said,  "  If  any  of  the  men  whom  I  have 
brought  into  your  hands  escape,  he  that  letteth  him  go,  his  life  shall 
be  for  the  life  of  him."  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  soon  as  he  had  made 
an  end  of  offering  the  burnt  offering,  that  Jehu  said  to  the  guard  and 
to  the  captains,  "  Go  in,  and  slay  them  ;  let   none  come  forth."  And 

X  Heb.  the  mouth,  j^^gy  g^ote  them  with  tthe  edge  of  the  sword  ;  and  the  guard  and  the 
captains  cast  them  out,  and  went  to  the  city  of  the  house  of  Baal. 

*i"aiT2r  ^^  And  they  brought  forth  the  *images  out  of  the  house  of  Baal,  and 
burned  them.  -^  And  they  brake  down  the  image  of  Baal,  and  brake 

's^s.'^&Vag  °^'  ^"^^ii  the  house  of  Baal,  '"and  made  it  a  draught-house  unto  this  day. 
^^Thus  Jehu  destroyed  Baal  out  of  Israel. 


PART    VII.— Portion  I. 


6  Years.  THE    REiGN   OF   ATHALIAH,  QUEEN  OF  JUDAH. 

A.  M.   3120  to 

^^~^-  2  Chron.  xxii.  10,  to  the  end,  xxiv.  7-11,  xxiii.  1-15.— 2  Kings  xi.  1-lG. 

B78.  AtkaUah,  destroying  all  the  seed  royal,  save  Joash,  ivhom  Jehoshaheath  Ids  aunt  hid,  usurpeth  the 
Hales  'sOo.  /cingdom.     Athaliah's  sons  bestotv  all  the  dedicated  things  upon  Baalim.     Jehoiada  maketh  Joash 
^      '  king.     Athaliah  is  slain. 

^^  But  when  Athaliah  the  mother  of  Ahaziah  saw  that  her  son  was 

dead,  she  arose  and  destroyed  all  the  seed  royal  of  the  house  of  Judah. 

u2Ki.  n.2.        11  But  "Jehoshabeath,  the  daughter  of  the  kinp-,  took  Joash  the  son  of 

Jehosheba.  4  i  •     i  1  ^         ^    •  r  1  1   •      '  1  1  1     ■ 

Ahaziali,  and  stole  !nm  from  among  the  kino-  s  sons  that  were  slain, 
and  put  him  and  his  nurse  in  a  bcdchaml)cr.  So  Jehoshabeath,  the 
daughter  of  king  Jeliorasn,  the  wife  of  Jehoiada  the  priest,  (for  she 
was  the  sister  of  Ahaziah,)  hid  him  from  Athaliah,  so  that  she  slew 


672  THE  REIGN  OF  ATHALIAH.  [Period  VI. 

him  not.  ^^  And  he  was  with  them  hid  in  the  house  of  God  six  yearsj 
and  AthaHah  reigned  over  the  land, 
i  2  ch.  21. 17.  7  Pqj.  fcjj^g  sons'of  Athahah,  that  wicked  woman,  had  broken    2  Chkon. 

up  the  house  of  God  ;  and  also  all  the  dedicated  things  of  the  ^"^^^'  '" 
house  of  the  Lord  did  they  bestow  upon  Baalim.  ^  And  at  the  king's  com- 
mandment they  made  a  chest,  and  set  it  without  at  the  gate  of  the  house 

*  "eb.  a  voice.      q{  the  LoRD.  '-*  And  they  made  *a  proclamation  through  Judah  and  Jeru- 

salem, to  bring  in  to  the  Lord  the  collection  that  Moses  the  servant  of 
God  laid  upon  Israel  in  the  wilderness.  ^^  And  all  the  princes  and  all 
the  people  rejoiced,  and  brought  in,  and  cast  into  the  chest,  until  they 
had  made  an  end.  '^  Now  it  came  to  pass,  tliat  at  what  time  the  chest 
was  brought  unto  the  king's  office  by  the  hand  of  the  Levites,  and 

c2Ki.  12. 10.  Svhen  they  saw  that  there  was  much  money,  the  king's  scribe  and  the 
high  priest's  officer  came  and  emptied  the  chest,  and  took  it,  and  car- 
ried it  to  his  place  again.  Thus  they  did  day  by  day,  and  gathered 
money  in  abundance. 

^  And  in  the  seventh  year  Jehoiada  strengthened  himself,  ^..P",^^^ 
and  took  the  captains  of  hundreds,  Azariah  the  son  of  Jero- 
ham,  and  Ishmael  the  son  of  Jehohanan,  and  Azariah  the  son  of  Obed, 
and  Maaseiah  the  son  of  Adaiah,  and  Elishaphatthe  son  of  Zichri,  into 
covenant  with  him.  -And  they  went  about  in  Judah,  and  gathered  the 
Levites  out  of  all  the  cities  of  Judah,  and  the  chief  of  the  fathers  of 
Israel,  and  they  came  to  Jerusalem.  '^  And  all  the  congre<ration  made  a 
covenant  with  the  king  in  the  house  of  God.     And  he  said  unto  them, 

d2Sa.  7. 12.  £.'  Behold;  the  king's  son  shall  reign,  as  the  Lord  hath  ''said  of  the  sons 
of  David.  '^  This  is  the  thing  that  ye  shall  do  ; — A  third  part  of  you  enter- 
ing on  the  Sabbath,  of  the  priests  and  of  the  Levita's,  shall  be  porters  of 

t  iieb.  uiresiwids.  i\^q  fdoors  ;  ^  and  a  third  part  shall  be  at  the  king's  house  ;  and  a  third 
part  at  the  gate  of  the  foundation :  and  all  the  people  shall  be  in  the 
courts  of  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^  But  let  none  come  into  the  house  of 

el  Ch.  23. 28,29.  the  LoRD,  savc  the  priests,  and  'they  that  minister  of  the  Levites; 
they  shall  go  in,  for  they  are  holy  ;  but  all  the  people  shall  keep  the 
watch  of  the  Lord.  '^  And  the  Levites  shall  compass  the  king  round 
about,  every  man  with  his  weapons  in  his  hand ;  and  whosoever  else 
Cometh  into  the  house,  he  shall  be  put  to  death :  but  be  ye  with  the 
king  when  he  cometh  in,  and  when  he  goeth  out."  ^  So  the  Levites 
and  all  Judah  did  according  to  all  things  that  Jehoiada  the  priest  had 
commanded,  and  took  every  man  his  men  that  were  to  come  in  on  the 
Sabbath,  with  them  that  were  to  go  out  on  the  Sabbath  ;  for  Jehoiada 
the  priest  dismissed  not  the  courses.  ^  Moreover  Jehoiada  the  priest 
delivered  to  the  captains  of  hundreds  spears,  and  bucklers,  and  shields, 
that  had  been  king  David's,  which  were  in  the  house  of  God.  ^"  And 
he  set  all  the  people,  every  man  having  his  weapon  in  his  hand,  from 

*  hI? wT""^' ^'^^  right  tside   of  the  *temple   to   the  left  side  of  the   temple,  along 

by  the  altar  and  the  temple,  by  the  king  round  about.  ^^  Then  they 

/De.  17.  ]8.  brought  out  the  king's  son,  and  put  upon  him  the  crown,  and -^gave 
him  the  testimony,  and  made  him  king.     And  Jehoiada  and  his  sons 

^klng'i^'."^      anointed  him,  and  said,  "  tGod  save  the  king  !  " 

1-  Now  when  Athaliah  heard  the  noise  of  the  people  running  and 
praising  the  king,  she  came  to  the  people  into  the  house  of  the  Lord. 
'^And  she  looked,  and,  behold,  the  king  stood  at  his  pillar  at  the 
entering  in,  and  the  princes  and  the  trumpets  by  the  king  ;  and  all  the 
people  of  the  land  rejoiced,  and  sounded  with  trumj)ets,  also  the  sing- 

fich.25. 8.       ers   witii  instruments  of  music,   anrl   *^such  as  taught  to  sing  praise. 

j^fieb.  Co,.,pira.  rpj^^j^  Athaliah  rcut  her  clothes,  and  said,  '^  tTreason  !  Treason  !  " 
'^  Then  Jehoiada  the  priest  brought  out  the  captains  of  hundreds  that 
were  set  over  the  host,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Have  her  forth  of  the 


Part  VIII.]  REIGN  OF  JEHU  CONTINUED.  673 

rano-es  ;  and  whoso  followeth  her,  let  him  be  slain  with  the  sword." 
FoAhe  priest  said,  "  Slay  her  not  in  the  house  of  the  Lord."   ^^  So 
ftNeh.3.28.        they  laid  hands  on  her;  and  when  she  was  come  to  the  entering  ''of 
the  horse-gate  by  the  king's  house,  they  slew  her  there. 

2  Kings  xi.  1-16. — *  And  when  Athaliah  the  mother  of  Ahaziah  saw  that  her  son  was 

*  Ilel).  seed  of  the  dead,  she  arose  and  destroyed  all  the  *seed  royal.  ^But  tJehosheba,  the  daughter  of  king 
kmgduM.^  jorain,  sister  of  Ahaziah,  took  JJoash  the  son  of  Ahaziah,  and  stole  him  from  among  the 

^Jchlshabmth.        king's'sons  which  were  slain  ;  and  they  hid  him,  even  him  and   his  nurse,  in  the  bed- 
X  Or,  Jehoash.        chamber  from  Athaliah,  so  that  he  was  not  slain.  ^  And  he  was  with  her  hid  in  the  house 
of  the  Lord  six  years.     And  Athaliah  did  reign  over  the  land. 

*  And  the  seventh  year  Jehoiada  sent  and  fetched  the  rulers  over  hundreds,  with  the 
captains  and  the  guard,  and  brought  them  to  him  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  made 
a  covenant  with  them,  and  took  an  oath  of  them  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  showed 
them  the  king's  son.  »  And  he  commanded  them,  saying,  "  This  is  the  thing  that  ye  shall 
do ;  a  third  part  of  you  that  enter  in  on  the  Sabbath  shall  even  be  keepers  of  the  watch 
of  the  king's  house  ;  ^and  a  third  part  shall  be  at  the  gate  of  Sur  ;  and  a  third  part  at  the 

*  Oijrom  break-    gate  behind  the  guard  :  so  shall  ye  keep  the  watch  of  the  house  ;  *that  it  be  not  broken 
i"S  >^P-  down.  'And  two  tparts  of  all  you  that  go  forth  on  the  Sabbath,  even  they  shall  keep  the 

^He'b.TaS.'^'"  watch  of  the  house  of  the  Lord  about  the  king.  »  And  ye  shall  compass  the  king  round 
about,  every  man  with  his  weapons  in  his  hand  ;  and  he  that  cometh  within  the  ranges,  let 
him  be  slain  :  and  be  ye  with  the  king  as  he  goeth  out  and  as  he  cometh  in."  ^  And  the 
captains  over  the  hundreds  did  according  to  all  things  that  Jehoiada  the  priest  command- 
ed ;  and  they  took  every  man  his  men  that  were  to  come  in  on  the  Sabbath,  with  them 
that  should  go  out  on  the  Sabbath,  and  came  to  Jehoiada  the  priest.  '"And  to  the  captains 
over  hundreds  did  the  priest  give  king  David's  spears  and  shields,  that  were  in  the  tem- 
ple of  the  Lord.  "And  the  guard  stood,  every  man  with  his  weapons  in  his  hand,  round 

X  Heb.  shouUer.  about  the  king,  from  the  right  {corner  of  the  temple  to  the  left  corner  of  the  temple,  along 
by  the  altar  and  the  temple.  '^  And  he  brought  forth  the  king's  son,  and  put  the  crown 
upon  him,  and  gave  him  the  testimony  ;  and  they  made  him  king,  and  anointed  him ;  and 

»  Heb.  ''Let  the      they  clapped  their  hands,  and  said,  "  *God  save  the  king  !  " 

king  live."  "And  when  Athaliah  heard  the  noise  of  the  guard  and  of  the  people,  she  came  to  the 

people  into  the  temple  of  the  Lord.  '^  And  when  she  looked,  behold,  the  king  stood  by  a 
pillar,  as  the  manner  was,  and  the  princes  and  the  trumpeters  by  the  king,  and  all  the 
people  of  the  land  rejoiced,  and  blew  with  trumpets  :  and  Athaliah  rent  her  clothes,  and 
cried,  "  Treason  !  Treason  !  "  i^But  Jehoiada  the  priest  conmianded  the  captains  of  the 
hundreds,  the  officers  of  the  host,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Have  her  forth  without  the 
ranges  ;  and  him  that  followeth  her  kill  with  the  sword."  For  the  priest  had  said,  "  Let 
her'not  be  slain  in  the  house  of  the  Lord."  '^  And  they  laid  hands  on  her  ;  and  she  went 
by  the  way  by  the  which  the  horses  came  into  the  king's  house  :  and  there  was  she  slain. 

PORTION  II.  Part  VII. — Portion  II. 

REIGN   OF   JEHU  CONTINUED. 

2  Kings  x.  29. 

29  HowBEiT  from  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  who  made 
a  iKi.  12.28,29.  Israel  to  sin,  Jehu  departed  not  from  after  them,  to  wit,  "the  golden 
calves  that  were  in  Bethel,  and  that  were  in  Dan. 


PART    VIII.— Portion  I. 


B.  C.    8 

tn  838. 
Hales,  8 

tu  849. 


A.  M.  3126  REIGN    OF    JOASH,  KING    OF    JUDAH. 

to  3160. 

Early  Reign  of  Joash  ;—He  repairs  the  Temple  ;— His  Apostacy  ;—His 
Death. 

2  Kings  xii.  part  of  1 ,  xi.  21 ,  xii.  end  pf'\.2,  3.-2  Chron.  xxiii.  16,  to  the  end,  xxiv.  3-5. 
—2  Kings  xii.  4-G.— 2  Chron.  xxiv.  6.-2  Kings  xii.  7-14.— 2  Chron.  xxiv.  12-14.— 
2  Kings  xii.  15-18—2  Chron.  xxiv.  15-27.-2  Kings  xii.  19.— 2  Kings  xi.  17-20, 
and  xii.  20,  21.-2  Chron.  xxiv.  1,  2. 

1  IN  the  seventh  year  of  Jehu,  Jehoash  began  to  reign  ;  ^^  seven 
years  old  was  Jehoash  when  he  began  to  reign.  ^  And  forty  2  Kings 
years  reigned  he  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name  was  '''•  2^- 
Zibiah  of  Beer-sheba.  ^And  Jehoash  did  that  xvhich  ivas  right  in  the 
sight  of  the  Loro  all  his  days  wherein  Jehoiada  the  priest  instructed 
85  3e 


674  THE  REIGN  OF  JOASH.  [Pekiod  V. 

"^u^^li}^'  ^'''  ^  ^^"^-  ^  ^^^  "^^^  ^•g^^  places  were  not  taken  away ;  the  people  still  sac- 
rificed and  burnt  incense  in  the  high  places. 

^^And  Jehoiada  made  a  covenant  between  him  and  ^CHRox.xxiii. 

between  all  the  people,  and  between  the  king,  that  they  ^^'  '"  '''*  ""^^ 

should  be  the  Lord's  people.  ^^  Then  all  the  people  went  to  the  house 

of  Baal,  and  brake  it  down,  and  brake  his   altars  and  his  images  in 

6De.  13. 9.         pieces,  and  ''slew  Mattan  the   priest  of  Baal  before  the  altars,  ^''Also 

Jehoiada  appointed  the  officers  of  the  house  of  the  Lord  by  the  hand 

e  1  ch.  23. 6,  30,  of  the  pricsts  the  Levites,  whom  David  had  'distributed  in  the  house 

of  the  Lord,  to  ofler  the  burnt  offerings  of  the  Lord,  as  it  is  written 

dxu. 28.2.         jrj   ii^Q  ''Law   of  Moses,  with   rejoicing  and   with   singing,  as   it  was 

*i!1h!L-  ^f  David    oi'dained  *by  David.  ^'■'  And  he  set  the  'porters  at  the  gates  of  the  house 

1  Ch.  25. 2, 6. '    of  the  Lord,  that  none  which  was  unclean  in  any  thing  should  enter 

e  1  Ch.  26. 1,  &c.  j,^_  20  ^^(j  }^g  j^q]^  ^\^q  captaius  of  hundreds,  and  the  nobles,  and  the 

governors  of  the  people,  and  all  the  people  of  the  land,  and  brought 

down  the  king  from  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  and  they  came  through 

the  high  gate  into  the  king's  house,  and  set  the  king  upon  the  throne 

of  the  kingdom.  ^^  And  all   tlie  people  of  the  land  rejoiced  ;  and  the 

city  was  quiet,  after  that  they  had  slain  Athaliah  with  the  sword. 

^  And  Jehoiada  took  for  him  two  wives;  and  he  begat  2CHRo.\.xxiv. 
sons  and  daughters.  3-5. 

\Heb.  to  reneiB.  4  ^^j  j^  camc  to  pass  after  this,  that  Joash  was  minded  tto  repair 
the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^  And  he  gathered  together  the  priests  and  the 
Levites,  and  said  to  them,  ''  Go  out  unto  the  cities  of  Judah,  and 
gather  of  all  Israel  money  to  repair  the  house  of  your  God  from  yekr 
to  year,  and  see  that  ye  hasten  the  matter."  Howbeit  the  Levites 
hastened  it  not. 

'*  And  Jehoash  said  to  the  priests,  "All  the  money  of  the  SKingsxu. 

^HJb!fll^seT  dedicated  things  that  is  brought  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,        '*"^' 

/Ex.  30. 13.        even  -^the  money  of  every  one  that  passeth  the  account,  the   money 

*oftisfJ'mMi^,  *that  every  man  is  set  at,  and  all  the  money  that  tcometh  into  any  man's 

Le.27. 2.  heart  to  bring  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  ^let  the  priests  take  it  to 

t  Heb.  ascendeih  /•  i  •  •  i    j  i  ■       i       i  i 

upon  the  heart  them,  cvcry  man  oi  his  acquaintance  ;  and  let  them  repair  the  breaches 
35.°5'^"ch.  29.  of  the  house,  wheresoever  any  breach  shall  be  found."  ^  But  it  was  so, 
J';,  ^        .  ,     that  in  the  tthree  and  twentieth  year  of  king  Jehoash  the  priests  had 

J  Heb.  twentieth  •        i      i        i  i  r      i        i 

year  and  third      not  repaired  the  breaches  of  the  house. 

'■'""'■  ''And  the  king  called  for  Jehoiada  the  chief,  and  said  SChkon.xxIv. 

unto  him,  "  Why  hast  thou  not  required  of  the  Levites 
to  bring  in  out  of  Judah  and  out  of  Jerusalem  the  collection,  accord- 
ing to  the  commandment  of  Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord,  and  of 

^^Nu.  1. 50.  Ac.   ^^\-^Q  congregation  of  Israel,  for  '"the  tabernacle  of  witness?" 

■^  Then  king  Jehoash  called  for  Jehoiada  the  priest,  and  the  SKiings  xii. 
other  priests,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Why  repair  ye  not  the 
breaches  of  the  house  ?  now  therefore  receive  no  more  money  of  your 
acquaintance,  but  deliver  it  for  the  breaches  of  the  house."  ^  And  the 
pricsts  consented  to  receive  no  more  money  of  the  people,  neither  to 
repair  the  breaches  of  the  house.  ^  But  Jehoiada  the  priest  took  a  chest, 
and  bored  a  hole  in  the  lid  of  it,  and  set  it  beside  the  altar,  on  the  right 
side  as  one  cometh  into  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  and  the  priests  that 

*iieh.  threshold,  kcpt  thc  *door  put  therein  all  the  money  that  was  brought  into  the 
house  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And   it  was  so,  when  they  saw  that  there  was 

t  Or,  secretary,     nuicii  uioncy  iu  thc  chcst,  that  the  king's  tscribe  and  the  high  priest 

t  Heh.  bound  up.  cauic  Up,  and  they  tput  up  in  bags,  and  told  the  money  that  was  found 
in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  ^^  And  they  gave  the  money,  being  told, 
into  the  hands  of  them   that  did  the  work,  that   had  the  oversight  of 

/"('a.'  '"■''"^'"''  the  house  of  the  Lord;  and  they  *laid  it  out  to  the  carjicnters  and 
builders,  that  wrought  upon  the  house  of  the  Lord,  ^^  and  to  masons, 


Part  VIII.]  APOSTACY  AND  DEATH  OF  JOASH.  675 

and  hewei-s  of  stone,  and  to  buy  timber  and  hewed  stone  to  repair  the 
■\Heh.  zcmtMOi.  brcachcs  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  for  all  that  Hvas  laid  out  for 
the  house  to  repair  it.  ^^  Howbeit  there  were  not  made  for  the  house 
of  the  Lord  bowls  of  silver,  snufters,  basons,  trumpets,  any  vessels  of 
gold,  or  vessels  of  silver,  of  the  money  that  was  brought  into  the  house 
of  the  Lord;  ^''but  they  gave  that  to  the  workmen,  and  repaired 
therewith  the  house  of  the  Lord. 

12  And  the  king  and  Jehoiada  gave  it  to  such  as  did  the  ^^j^^^J^^ 

work  of  the  service  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  hired  masons 

and  carpenters  to  repair   the   house   of  the  Lord,  and   also  such  as 

wrought  iron  and  brass  to  mend   the   house   of  the   Lord.  ^^  So  the 

XHeb.  the  healing  workuicn  wrought,  and  tthe  work  was  perfected  by  them,  and  they  set 

ZT'  ""'"'"'  the  house  of  God  in  his  state,  and  strengthened  it.   '^  And  when  they 

had  finished  it,  they  brought  the  rest  of  the  money  before  the  kmg  and 

Jehoiada,  whereof  were  made  vessels  for  the  house  of  the  Lord,  even 

*  Or,pesais.        vessels  to  minister,  and  no  offer  withal,  and  spoons,  and  vessels  of  gold 

and  silver.     And  they  offered  burnt  offerings  in  the  house  of  the  Lord 

continually  all  the  days  of  Jehoiada. 

15  Moreover  they  reckoned  not  with  the  men,  into  whose  ^^l^jg'"'- 
hand  they  delivered  the  money  to  be  bestowed  on  workmen  ; 
k  Le.  5. 15,  IS.     for  tiiey  dealt  faithfully.  i«  The  trespass  money  and  sin  money  was  not 
iLe.7.7.  brought  into  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  'it  was  the  priests'. 

A.  M.  31G4.          17  Then  ^Hazael  king  of  Syria  went  up,  and   fought  against  Gath, 

•2Ki  s'lT'      and  took  it;  and  Hazael  set  his  face   to  go  up  to  Jerusalem.  i^And 

i  1  Ki.  15. 18.       Jehoash  king  of  Judah  Hook  all  the  hallowed  things  that  Jehoshaphat, 

and  Jehoram,  and  Ahaziah,  his  fathers,  kings  of  Judah,  had  dedicated, 

and  his  own  hallowed  things,  and  all  the  gold  that  was  found  in  the 

treasures  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  in  the  king's  house,  and  sent 

^  Heh.  went  up.     [i  to  Hazacl  king  of  Syria  ;  and  he  twent  away  from  Jerusalem. 

15  But  Jehoiada  waxed  old,  and  was  full  of  days  when  he  ^^^^"^JJ^' 

died  ;  an  hundred  and  thirty  years  old  was  he  when  he  died. 

16  And  they  buried  him  in  the  city  of  David  among  the  kings,  because 

he  had  done  good  in  Israel,  both  toward  God,  and  toward  his  house. 

1^  Now  after  the  death  of  Jehoiada   came  the  princes  of  Judah,  and 

made  obeisance  to  the  king.    Then  the  king  hearkened  unto  them. 

18  And  they  left  the  house  of  the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers,  and  served 

1 1  Ki.  14. 23.       'groves   and  idols  ;  and  "'wrath  came   upon  Judah  and  Jerusalem  for 

"l.'i'ifsg.t.   this  their  trespass,  i^  Yet  "he  sent   prophets   to  them,  to  bring   them 

«-32.  25.  -j^  yj^^Q  ^j^g  Lqj^p  .  j^i^j  they  testified  against  them,  but  they  would 

"je.^7'!l%6^'&    not  give  ear.  ^o  And  "the  Spirit  of  God  tcame  upon  Zechariah  the  son 

^-  "•    ,  of  Jehoiada  the  priest,  which  stood  above  the  people,  and   said   unto 

«|aK  15. 1.  &    ^^^^^^^^  ^^  ^j^^^  ^^..^j^  ^^^^^  ,,^j^^^  transgress  ye  the  commandments  of  the 

tjH«b.  dothcd,^  Lord,  that  ye  cannot  prosper  ?  'because  ye  have  forsaken  the  Lord,  he 
;,Nu.'i4.'4i.  hath  also  forsaken  you."  ^i  And  they  conspired  against  him,  and 
5 2  Oh.  15.2.  "stoned  him  with  stones  at  the  commandment  of  the  king  in  the  court 
'ac'VIm  of  the  house  of  the  Lord.  -^Thus  Joash  the  king  remembered  not  the 
kindness  which  Jehoiada  his  father  had  done  to  him,  but  slew  his  son. 


And  when  he  died,  he  said,  '■  The  Lord  look  upon  it,  and  require  it. 
And  it  came  to  pass  *at  the  end  of  the  year,  that  the  host  of  Syria 


"b.c'.  839."  came  up  against  him  ;  and  they  came  to  Judah  and  Jerusalem,  and 
*ofutoJVthe"'"  destroyed  all  the  princes  of  the  people  from  among  the   people,  and 

leVr".""  sent  all  the  spoil  of  them  unto  the  king  of  tDamascus.  ^"^  For  the  army 

iLe'sG^rr'""  of  the   Syrians 'came  with  a  small  company  of  men,  and  the   Lord 

30.17. 

tLe.2(3.25.        ^j^g  L^j^j,  Qod  of'thcir  fatlicrs.     So  they  "executed  judgment  against 


10.  5. 


'delivered  a  very  great  host  into  their  hand,  because  they  had  forsaken 
the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers.  So  they  "executed  judgment  against 
Joash.  ~=  And  when  they  were  departed  from  him,  (for  they  left  him 
in  great  diseases,)  his  own  servants  conspired  against  him  for  the  blood 


676 


THE  REIGN  OF  JEHOAHAZ. 


[Period   V' 


I  Or,  Joiae.har, 
2  Ki.  12.  21. 
*  Or,  Shomer. 


f  \ie\).  founding. 
X  OTyCammentary, 


Heb.  ciffices. 


t  Or,  BethmiUo. 
V  2  Ch.  24.  26, 
Zabad. 
X  Or,  Shimrith. 


of  the  sons  of  Jehoiada  the  priest,  and  slew  him  on  his  bed,  and  he 
died  ;  and  they  buried  him  in  the  city  of  David,  but  they  buried  him 
not  in  the  sepulchres  of  the  kings.  -"^  And  these  are  they  that  conspired 
against  him  ;  tZabad  the  son  of  Shimeath  an  Ammonitess,  and  Jehoza- 
bad  the  son  of  *  Shimrith  a  Moabitess. 

^'  Now  concerning  his  sons,  and  the  greatness  of  the  burdens  laid 
upon  him,  and  the  trepairing  of  the  house  of  God,  behold,  they  are 
written  in  the  tStory  of  the  Book  of  the  Kings.  And  Amaziah  his  son 
reigned  in  his  stead. 

1'^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Joash,  and  all  that  he  did,  2KiNGsxii.]!). 
are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of 
Judah  ? 

2  Kings  xi.  17-20. — *' And  Jehoiada  made  a  covenant  between  the  Lord  and  the  king 
and  the  people,  that  they  should  be  the  Lord's  people ;  between  the  king  also  and  the 
people.  *'*  And  all  the  people  of  the  land  went  into  the  house  of  Baal,  and  brake  it  down  ; 
his  altars  and  his  images  brake  they  in  pieces  thoroughly,  and  slew  Mattan  the  priest  of 
Baal  before  the  altars.  And  the  priest  appointed  *officers  over  the  house  of  the  Lord. 
'9  And  he  took  the  rulers  over  hundreds,  and  the  captains,  and  the  guard,  and  all  the 
people  of  the  land  ;  and  they  brought  down  the  king  from  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and 
came  by  the  way  of  the  gate  of  the  guard  to  the  king's  house.  And  he  sat  on  the  throne 
of  the  kings.  ""And  all  the  people  of  tlie  land  rejoiced,  and  the  city  was  in  quiet;  and 
they  slew  Athaliah  with  the  sword  beside  the  king's  house. 

2  Kings  xii.  20,  21. — 2" ^nd  his  servants  arose,  and  made  a  conspiracy,  and  slew  Joash 
in  ilhe  house  of  Millo,  which  goeth  down  to  Silla.  ^'  For  "Jozachar  the  son  of  Shimeath, 
and  Jehozabad  the  son  of  tShomer,  his  servants,  smote  him,  and  he  died ;  and  they 
buried  him  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David.  And  Amaziah  his  son  reigned  in  his 
stead. 

2  Chron.  xxiv.  1,  2. — 'Joash  was  seven  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he 
reigned  forty  years  in  Jerusalem.  His  mother's  name  also  was  Zibiah  of  Beer-sheba. 
*  And  Joash  did  that  which  was  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  all  the  days  of  Jehoiada 
the  priest. 

Part  VIIL— Portion  II. 

EVENTS  IN   THE    KINGDOiVI    OF   ISRAEL,  CONTEMPORARY   WITH   THE 
REIGN   OF  JOASH   KING  OF   JUDAH. 


A.  M.  3165. 
B.  C.  839. 
Hales,  867. 


a2Ki.  13.  1,  10. 
&  14.  23.  &L  15. 
8,  12. 


f  IIol).  to  cut  off 

th.  ■  emU. 
X  H«l).  toward  the 

rising  of  the  sun. 


*  Or,  even  to 
Gilead  and 
Bashan. 

h  Am.  1.  3. 

I  Hob.  tlie  days 


Section  I. — Death  of  Jehu. 
2  Kings  x.  30,  to  the  end. 

2°  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Jehu,  "  Because  thou  hast  done  well  in 
e.xecuting  that  which  is  right  in  mine  eyes,  and  hast  done  unto  the 
house  of  Ahab  according  to  all  that  was  in  my  heart,  "thy  children  of 
the  fourth  generation  shall  sit  on  the  throne  of  Israel."  ^i  But  Jehu 
*took  no  heed  to  walk  in  the  law  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  with  all 
his  heart ;  for  he  departed  not  from  the  sins  of  Jeroboam,  which  made 
Israel  to  sin. 

^'^In  those  days  the  Lord  began  tto  cut  Israel  short.  And  Hazael 
smote  them  in  all  the  coasts  of  Israel ;  •'■'  from  Jordan  teastward,  all  the 
land  of  Gilead,  the  Gadites,  and  the  Reubenites,  and  the  Manassites, 
from  Aroer,  which  is  by  tlie   river   Arnon,  *even  'Gilead  and   Bashan. 

^^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jehu,  and  all  that  he  did,  and  all  his 
might,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings 
of  Israel  ?  '■^■'  And  Jehu  slept  with  his  fathers :  and  they  buried  him  in 
Samaria.  And  Jehoahaz  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead.  -""^  And  tthe  time 
that  Jehu  reigned  over  Israel  in  Samaria  was  twenty  and  eight  years. 


A.  M.  3165. 
B.  C.  839. 
Hales,  867. 

*  Heh.  the  ticen- 
lieth  year  and 
third  year. 


In 


Section    II. — Reign  of  Jehoahaz. 
2  Kings  xiii.  1-9. 

'the  three  and  twentieth  year  of  Joash  the  son  of  Ahaziah  king 


of  Judah,  Jehoahaz  the  son  of  Jehu  began  to  reign  over  Israel  in  Sa- 


Part  IX.] 


REIGN  OF  JEHOASH— DEATH  OF  ELISHA. 


611 


f  Ileb.  walked 
after. 


J  Ileb.  as  yester- 
daij  and  third 
duij. 

*  Heb.  he  walked. 

t  Heb.  stood. 
1  Ki.  16.  33. 


d  Ara. 


3. 


J  ver.  10,  Jehoash. 
*  Alone. 


A.  M.  3165. 
B.  C.  839. 
Hales,  850. 

*  In  consort  with 
his  father,  2  Ki. 
14.  1. 

o  2  Ki.  2.  12. 


t  Heb.  Make  thy 
hand  to  ride. 


\\i.eh.weni  down, 
c  Eccl.  48.  14. 


maria,  and  reigned  seventeen  years.  -  And  he  did  that  lohich  was  evil 
in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  tfoUovved  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  the  son 
of  Nebat,  which  made  Israel  to  sin  ;  he  departed  not  therefrom. 

^And  "the  anger  of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against  Israel,  and  he 
delivered  them  into  the  hand  of  Hazael  king  of  Syria,  and  into  the 
hand  of  Ben-hadad  the  son  of  Hazael,  all  their  days.  "*  And  Jehoahaz 
besought  the  Lord,  and  the  Lord  hearkened  unto  him  ;  for  'he  saw 
the  oppression  of  Israel,  because  the  king  of  Syria  oppressed  them. 
^  (xlnd  "^the  Lord  gave  Israel  a  saviour,  so  that  they  went  out  from  under 
the  hand  of  the  Syrians  ;  and  the  children  of  Israel  dwelt  in  their  tents, 
tas  beforetime.  '^Nevertheless  they  departed  not  from  the  sins  of  the 
house  of  Jeroboam,  who  made  Israel  sin,  but  *walked  therein :  and 
there  fremained  the  grove  also  in  Samaria.)  '^  Neither  did  he  leave  of 
the  people  to  Jehoahaz  but  fifty  horsemen,  and  ten  chariots,  and  ten 
thousand  footmen  ;  for  the  king  of  Syria  had  destroyed  them,  ''and  had 
made  them  like  the  dust  by  threshing. 

^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jehoahaz,  and  all  that  he  did,  and  his 
might,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings 
of  Israel  ?  ''  And  Jehoahaz  slept  with  his  fathers  ;  and  they  buried  him 
in  Samaria.     And  tJoash  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead.* 

Section  III. — Reign  of  Jehoash  ; — Death  of  Eli sh a. 
i>Ki.\Gs  xiii.  W,a7id  14-21. 

^^  In  the  thirty  and  seventh  year  of  Joash  king  of  Judah  began 
*Jehoash  the  son  of  Jehoahaz  to  reign  over  Israel  in  Samaria,  and 
reigned  sixteen  years. 

J^  Now  Elisha  was  fallen  sick  of  his  sickness  whereof  he  died.  And 
Joash  the  king  of  Israel  came  down  unto  him,  and  wept  over  his  face,  and 
said,  "  O  my  father,  my  father,  "the  chariot  of  Israel,  and  the  horsemen 
thereof !  "  ^^  And  Elisha  said  unto  him,  "  Take  bow  and  arrows."  And 
he  took  unto  him  bow  and  arrows.  ^^  And  he  said  to  the  king  of  Israel, 
"  tPut  thy  hand  upon  the  bow."  And  he  put  his  hand  upon  it :  and 
Elisha  put  his  hands  upon  the  king's  hands.  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Open  the 
Mdndow  eastward."  And  he  opened  it.  Then  Elisha  said,  "  Shoot." 
And  he  shot,  ^\nd  he  said,  "  The  arrow  of  the  Lord's  deliverance, 
and  the  arrow  of  deliverance  from  Syria ;  for  thou  shalt  smite  the 
Syrians  in  Aphek,  till  thou  have  consumed  them."  ^^^  And  he  said, 
"  Take  the  arrows."  And  he  took  them.  And  he  said  unto  the  king 
of  Israel,  "  Smite  upon  the  ground."  And  he  smote  thrice,  and  stayed. 
1^  And  the  man  of  God  was  wroth  with  him,  and  said,  "  Thou  shouldest 
have  smitten  five  or  si.x  times ;  then  hadst  thou  smitten  Syria  till  thou 
hadst  consumed  it :   whereas  now  thou  shalt  smite  Syria  but  thrice." 

2*^  And  Elisha  died,  and  they  buried  him.  And  the  bands  of  the 
Moabites  invaded  the  land  at  the  coming  in  of  the  year.  ~^  And  it  came 
to  pass,  as  they  were  burying  a  man,  that,  behold,  they  spied  a  band 
of  men  ;  and  they  cast  the  man  into  the  sepulchre  of  Elisha.  And 
when  the  man  twas  let  down,  and  touched  the  bones  of  Elisha,  he 
'revived,  and  stood  up  on  his  feet. 


PORTION   I. 

A.  M.   316G 

to  3195. 
B.  C.  838 


PART    IX. — Portion  I. 

THE    REIGN    OF    AMAZIAH. 

Amaziah punishes  the  Blurclerers  of  his  Father; — War  with   Eelom; — War 

toith  Israel; — His  death. 
2  Kings  xiv.  1-6.— 2  Chron.  xxv.  5-11.— 2  Kings  xiv.pnrt  of  7.— 2  Chron.  xxv.  12-16. 
2  Kings  xiv.  S-14.— 2  Chron.  xxv.  27,  28,  25,  26.-2  Kings  xiv.  part  of  7, 17-20.— 
2  Chron.  xxv.  1-4,  and  17-24. 
..    I.  3   E* 


a2Ki.  12.20. 


678  REIGN  OF  AMAZIAH-WAR  WITH  EDOM.         [Period  V. 

^  IN  the  second  year  of  Joash  son  of  Jehoahaz  king  of  Israel  reigned 
Amaziah  the  son  of  Joash  king  of  Judah.  -He  was  twenty  and  five 
years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  reigned  twenty  and  nine  years 
in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name  was  Jehoaddan  of  Jerusalem. 
^  And  he  did  that  ivhich  ivas  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  yet  not  like 
David  his  father :  he  did  according  to  all  things  as  Joash  his  father  did. 
^Howbeit  the  high  places  were  not  taken  away :  as  yet  the  people  did 
sacrifice  and  burnt  incense  on  the  high  places. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  soon  as  the  kingdom  was  confirmed  in  his 
hand,  that  he  slew  his  servants  "which  had  slain  the  king  his  father. 
''But  the  children  of  the  murderers  he  slew  not:  according  unto  that 
which  is  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Law  of  Moses,  wherein  the  Lord 
commanded,  saying,  ••'  The  ''fathers  shall  not  be  put  to  death  for  the 
children,  nor  the  children  be  put  to  death  for  the  fathers;  but  every 
man  shall  be  put  to  death  for  his  own  sin." 

^Moreover   Amaziah    gathered    Judah     together,    and  2  Chron.  xxv. 
made  them   captains  over  thousands,  and   captains  over         ^^^' 
hundreds,  according  to  the  houses  of  their  fathers,  throughout  all  Judah 
cNu.  1. 3.  and  Benjamin;  and  he  numbered  them  'horn  twenty  years  old  and 

above,  and  found  them  three  hundred  thousand  choice  men,  able  to  go 
forth  to  war,  that  could  handle  spear  and  shield,  '^  He  hired  also  an 
hundred  thousand  mighty  men  of  valor  out  of  Israel  for  an  hundred 
talents   of   silver.  '''But  there  came  a  man  of  God   to   him,  saying, 
"  O  king,  let  not  the  army  of  Israel  go  with  thee  ;  for  the  Lord  is  not 
with  Israel,  to  wit,  with  all  the  children  of  Ephraim.  ^  But  if  thou  wilt 
go,  do  it,  be  strong  for  the  battle :  God  shall  make  thee  fall  before  the 
enemy  ;  for  God  hath  power  to  help,  and  to  cast  down."  ^  And  Ama- 
ziah said  to  the  man  of  God,  "  But  what  shall  we  do  for  the  hundred 
*Eeb.  band.        talcuts  which  I  havo  given  to  the  *army  of  Israel  ?  "  And  the  man  of 
God  answered,  '•  The  Lord  is  able  to  give  thee  much  more  than  this." 
^^  Then  Amaziah  separated  them,  to  wit,  the  army  that  was  come  to 
^"«"'""^'^      him  out  of  Ephraim,  to  go  f home  again;  wherefore  their  anger  was 
t  Heb.  in  heat  of  greatly  kiudlcd  against  Judah,  and  they  returned  home  tin  great  anger. 
'"'""■'  ^^  And  Amaziah  strengthened  himself,  and  led  forth  his  people,  and 

went  to  the  Valley  of  Salt,  and  smote  of  the  children  of 
*OT,therock.      Seir  ten  thousand,  "and  took  ''Selaii  by  war, ''and  called    2  Kings  xiv. 
'^^tiue'. '"•'''■   the   name  of  it  Joktheel  unto  this  day.    ^^ And  other  ten     P^^^^'f^-'^- 
thousand  left  alive  did  the  children  of  Judah  carry  away       "2^16^'^^' 
captive,  and  brought  them  unto  the  top   of  the  rock,  and 
cast  them  down  from  the  top  of  the  rock,  that  they  all  were  broken 
in  pieces. 
^ aet'and  ^""^ "'^       ^^  But  tthe  soldicrs  of  the  army  which  Amaziah  sent  back,  that  they 
should  not  go  with   him  to  battle,  fell   upon   the  cities  of  Judah,  from 
Samaria  even  unto  Beth-horon,  and  smote  three  thousand  of  them,  and 
took  much  spoil. 

'^Now  it  came  to  pass,  after  that  Amaziah  was  come  from  the 
cSee2Ch.28.23.  slaughter  of  the  Edomites,  that  'he  brought  the  gods  of  the  children 
/Ex.  20. 3, 5.  of  Seir,  and  set  them  up  to  be  -^his  gods,  and  bowed  down  himself 
before  them,  and  burned  incense  unto  them.  ^^  Wherefore  the  anger 
of  the  Lord  was  kindled  against  Amaziah,  and  he  sent  unto  him  a 
prophet,  which  said  unto  him,  "  Why  hast  thou  sought  after  the  gods 
of  the  people,  which  could  not  deliver  their  own  people  out  of  thy 
hand  ?  "  ^'^  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  he  talked  with  him,  that  the  king 
said  unto  him,  '•  Art  thou  made  of  the  king's  counsel  ?  forbear ;  why 
shouldest  thou  be  smitten  ?  "  Then  the  prophet  forbare,  and  said, 
"  I  knovv'  that  God  hath  tdetermined  to  destroy  thee,  because  thou  hast 
done  this,  and  hast  not  hearkened  unto  my  counsel." 


Part  IX.] 


RETGN  OF  AMAZIAII-WAR  WITH  ISRAEL. 


679 


g  See  Ju.  9.  8, 
h  1  Ki.  4.  33. 


8  Then  Amaziah  sent  messengers  to  Jehoash,  the  son  of    2  KiNc^s^xiv 
Jehoahaz  son  of  Jehu,  king  of  Israel,  saying,  "  Come,  let 
us  look  one  another  in  the  face."  ^  And  Jehoash  the  kmg  of  Israel  sent 
to  Amaziah  king  of  Judah,  sayini 


f  Heb.  smitten. 


He 

a  consfpiracy. 


The  ^thistle  that  was  in  Lebanon 
sent  to  the  ''cedlir  that  was  in  Lebanon,  saying,  '  Give  thy  daughter  to 
my  son  to  wife ; '  and  there  passed  by  a  wild  beast  that  was  in  Leba- 
non, and  trode  down  the  thistle.  i°  Thou  hast  indeed  smitten  Edom, 
Heb.  thy  house,  and'thy  heart  hath  lifted  thee  up.  Glory  of  this,  and  tarry  at  *home; 
for  why  shouldest  thou  meddle  to  thy  hurt,  that  thou  shouldest  fall, 
even  thou,  and  Judah  with  thee  ? ''  ^^  But  Amaziah  would  not  hear. 
Therefore  Jehoash  king  of  Israel  went  up ;  and  he  and  Amaziah  kmg 
of  Judah  looked  one  another  in  the  face  at  Beth-shemesh,  which  be- 
longeth  to  Judah.  ^~  And  Judah  was  tput  to  the  worse  before  Israel ; 
and  they  fled  every  man  to  their  tents.  ^^  And  Jehoash  king  of  Israel 
took  Amaziah  king  of  Judah,  the  son  of  Jehoash  the  son  of  Ahaziah, 
at  Beth-shemesh,  and  came  to  Jerusalem,  and  brake  down  the  wall  of 
Jerusalem  from  the  gate  of  Ephraim  unto  the  corner  gate,  four  hun- 

iiKi.7.51.  dred  cubits.  ^^  And  he  took  all  'the  gold  and  silver,  and  all  the  vessels 
that  were  found  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  in  the  treasures  of  the 
king's  house,  and  hostages,  and  returned  to  Samaria. 

J  neh.fromafie,:       2?]\-q^  ^ftcr  thc  time  that  Amaziah  did  turn  away  tfrom  2  Chron.^xxv. 

con.^ircd    following  the  Lord  they  *made  a  conspiracy  against  him  ^7,  28,  25,  26. 

in  Jerusalem.     And  he  fled  to  Lachish  ;  but  they  sent  to  Lachish  after 

him,  and  slew  him  there,  ^s  And   they  brought  him   upon  horses,  and 

fThatig,  the  city  buried  him  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  t  Judah. 
iffKu  h"  0.         25  And  Amaziah  the  son  of  Joash  king  of  Judah  lived  after  the  death 
of  Joash  son  of  Jehoahaz  king  of  Israel  fifteen  years,  ^e  Now  the  rest 
of  the  acts  of  Amaziah,  first  and  last,  behold,  are  they  not  written  m 
the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  and  Israel  ? 

2  Chron.  XXV.  1-4,  (md  17-24.—'  Amaziah  was  twenty  and  five  years  old  when  he  be- 
gan to  reign,  and  he  reigned  twenty  and  nine  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name 
was  Jehoa'ddan  of  Jerusalem.  ^  And  he  did  that  icldck  tons  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord, 
but  not  with  a  perfect  heart. 

3  Now  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  kingdom  was  testablished  to  him,  that  he  slew  his  ser- 
vants that  had  killed  the  king  his  father.  *  But  he  slew  not  their  children,  but  did  as  it  is 
written  in  the  Law  in  the  ^Book  of  Moses,  where  the  Lord  commanded,  saymg,  "  The 
fathers  shall  not  die  for  the  children,  neither  shall  the  children  die  for  the  fathers,  but 
every  man  shall  die  for  his  own  sin." 

17  Then  Amaziah  king  of  Judah  took  advice,  and  sent  to  Joash,  the  son  of  Jehoahaz,  the 
son  of  Jehu,  king  of  Israel,  saying,  "  Come,  let  us  see  one  another  in  the  face."  ''^  And 
Joash  king  of  Israel  sent  to  Amaziah  king  of  Judah,  saying,  "  The  *thistle  that  was  in 
Lebanon  sent  to  the  cedar  that  was  in  Lebanon,  saying,  '  Give  thy  daughter  to  my  son  to 
wife  ; '  and  there  passed  by  ta  wild  beast  that  was  in  Lebanon,  and  trode  down  the  thistle. 
19  Thou  sayest,  '  Lo  !  thou  hast  smitten  the  Edomites ;  and  thy  heart  lifteth  thee  up  to 
boast.  Abide  now  at  home  ;  why  shouldest  thou  meddle  to  thy  hurt,  that  thou  shouldest 
fall,  even  thou,  and  Judah  with  thee  ?  "  ^ufiut  Amaziah  would  not  hear;  for  it  came  of 
God,  that  he  might  deliver  them  into  the  hand  of  their  enemies,  because  they  sought  after 
the  gods  of  Edom.  21  So  Joash  the  king  of  Israel  went  up ;  and  they  saw  one  another  in 
the  face,  both  he  and  Amaziah  king  of  Judah,  at  Beth-shemesh,  whichbelongeth  to  Judah. 

22  And  Judah  was  tput  to  the   worse  before  Israel,  and  they  fled  every  man  to  his  tent. 

23  And  Joash  the  king  of  Israel  took  Amaziah  king  of  Judah,  the  son  of  Joash,  the  son  of 
Jehoahaz,  at  Beth-shemesh,  and  brought  him  to  Jerusalem,  and  brake  down  the  wall  of 

Heh.the^ateof  Jerusalem  from  the  gate  of  Ephraim  to  *the  corner-gate,  four  hundred  cubits.  24  And  he 
took  all  the  gold  and  the  silver,  and  all  the  vessels  that  were  found  in  the  house  of  God 
with  Obed-edom,  and  the  treasures  of  the  king's  house,  the  hostages  also,  and  returned  to 
Samaria. 

2  Kings  Kiv.pt.  ofver.  7, 17-20.— He  slew  of  Edom  in  the  Valley  of  Salt  ten  thousand,—. 
17  And  Amaziah  the  son  of  Joash  king  of  Judah  hved  after  the  death  of  Jehoash  son  of 
Jehoahaz  king  of  Israel  fifteen  years.  '^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Amaziah,  are  they 
not  written  in  the  Book  of  the"  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  ?  '^  Now  they  made  a 
conspiracy  against  him  in  Jerusalem.  And  he  fled  to  Lachish ;  but  they  sent  after  hirn 
to  Lachish,  and  slew  him  there.  2u  And  they  brought  him  on  horses;  and  he  was  buried^ 
at  Jerusalem  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David. 


I  Heb.  confirmed 
upon  him. 


*  OT,fiirie  biiA-li, 
or,  thorn. 


t  Hell,  a  beast  of 
the  field. 


J  Heb.  smitten. 


it  tliM  looketh. 


680 


REIGN  OF  JEHOASH  CONCLUDED. 


[Period  VI. 


Part    IX. — Portiox  II. 

EVENTS  IN  THE   KINGDOM   OF  ISRAEL,  CONTEMPORARY   WITH   THE 
REIGN  OF  AMAZIAH,  KING  OF  JUDAH. 


SECT.  r.       Sectio.n-    I.—R 


A.  M.  3105. 
B.  C.  839. 
Hales,  834. 


a  Ex.  2.  24,  2o. 
b  Ex.  32.  rs. 


cign  of  Jthoash   concluded ;- 
tcho  dies. 


-He  is   oppressed  by   Hazael, 


2  KixGS  xiii.  22,  to  the  end,  and  ]  1-13, anrf  xiv.  15,  16. 

^ Bit  Hazael  king  of  Syria  oppressed  Israel  all  the  days  of  Jehoa- 
haz.  -"And  the  Lord  was  gracious  unto  them,  and  had  compassion  on 
them,  and  "had  respect  unto  them,  'because  of  his  covenant  with 
Abraham,  Isaac,  and  Jacob,  and  would  not  destroy  tliem,  neither  cast 
he  them  from  his  *presence  as  yet.  ^^  So  Hazael  king  of  Syria  died  ; 
and  Ben-hadad  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead.  ~^And  Jehoash  the  son  of 
Jehoahaz  ttook  again  out  of  the  hand  of  Ben-hadad  the  son  of  Hazael 
the  cities,  which  he  had  taken  out  of  the  hand  of  Jehoahaz  his  father 
by  war.  Three  times  did  Joash  beat  him,  and  recovered  the  cities 
of  Israel. 

^^And  he  did  that  U'hich  teas  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord;  he  de- 
parted not  from  all  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  who  made 
Israel  sin  ;  but  he  walked  therein.  ^-  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Joash, 
and  all  that  he  did,  and  his  might  wherewith  he  fought  against  Ama- 
ziah  king  of  Judah,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles 
of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ?  ^^  And  Joash  slept  with  his  fathers  ;  and  Jero- 
boam sat  upon  his  throne ;  and  Joash  was  buried  in  Samaria  with  the 
kings  of  Israel. 

2  Kings  xiv.  15,  16. — '*  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jehoash  which  he  did,  and  his 
might,  and  how  he  fought  with  Amaziah  king  of  Judah,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book 
of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel .'  '®  And  Jehoash  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was 
buried  in  Samaria  with  the  kings  of  Israel ;  and  Jeroboam  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 


A.  M.  3179. 
B.  C.  825. 
Hales,  834. 


Section  II. — Reign  of  Jeroboam  the  Second. 
2  Kings  xiv.  23,  24. 
-^  In  the  fifteenth  year  of  Amaziah  the  son  of  Joash  king  of  Judah 
"Jeroboam  the  son  of  Joash  king  of  Israel  began  to  reicrn  in  Samaria, 
and  reigned  forty  and  one  years.  -"'  And  he  did  that  u'hich  ivas  evil  in 
the  sight  of  the  Lord  ;  he  departed  not  from  all  the  sins  of  Jeroboam 
the  son  of  Nebat,  who  made  Israel  to  sin. 


A.  M.  3194. 
B. C.  810. 
Hales,  609. 

*  Or,  ./JzuriaA. 

a  This  is  the  27tli 
year  of  Jerobo- 
am's piirtnorsliip 
in  the  kini^doin 
with  his  father, 
who  made  him 
consort  at  his 
poin?  to  the 
Syrian  wars. 
it  is  the  six- 
teenth year  of 
Jeroboam's  mo- 
narehy. 

h  Called  Uiziah, 
2  Ki.   15.  13,  30, 

&.C. 

cCe.  41.1.'i.  Da. 
I.  17.  &2.  19.  & 
10.  1. 


PART    X. — Portion  I. 


THE   REIGN  OF  UZZIAH. 


Section  I. — Early  Reign  and  Prosperity  of  Uzziah. 
2  Chron.  xxvi.  1. — 2  Kings. \v.  1. — 2  Chron.  xxvi.  2-15. 

^  THEN  all  the  people  of  Judah  took  *Uzziah,  who  was  sixteen 
years  old,  and  made  him  king  in  the  room  of  his  father  Amaziah. 
^  In  the  "twenty  and  seventh  year  of  Jeroboam  king  of  Israel  began 
'Azariah  son  of  Amaziah  king  of  Judah  to  reign.  -He  built  Eloth, 
and  restored  it  to  Judah,  after  that  the  king  slept  with  his  fathers. 
•'  Sixtooii  years  old  was  Uzziah  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he  reigned 
fifty  and  two  years  in  Jerusalem,  His  mother's  name  also  was  Jccoliah 
of  Jerusalem.  ""And  he  did  that  ichich  was  right  in  the  sight  of  the 
Lord,  according  to  all  that  his  father  Anvziah  did.  ^''And  he  sought 
God  in  the  days  of  Zechariali,  who  "^had  umlcrstanding  in  the  tvisions 
of  God  ;  and  as  long  as  lie  sought  the  Lord,  God  made  him  to  prosper. 


Part  X.]  THE  REIGN  OF  TZZIAH.  681 

dis.  14. 29.         6  ^j^(j  he  went  forth  and  ''warred   against  the  Philistines,  and  brake 

down  the  wall  of  Gath,  and  the  wall  of  Jabneh,  and  the  wall  of  Ash- 

j  Or,  111  account  dod,  and  built  cities  tabout  Ashdod,  and  among  the  Philistines.  "And 

tryo    >i  0  .      ^^^  helped  him  against  the  Philistines,  and  against  the  Arabians  that 

dwelt  in  Gur-baal,  and  the  Mehunims.  ^  And  the  Ammonites  gave  gifts 

*nah.  went.        to  Uzziah :  and    his  name  *spread  abroad  even  to  the  entering  in  of 

Egypt ;  for  he  strengthened  himself  exceedingly.  ^  Moreover  Uzziah 

e  Neh.  3. 13, 19,    bujit  towcrs  in  Jerusalcm  at  the  'corner  gate,  and  at  the  valley  gate, 

^  Or,  repaired.      and  at   the  turning  of  the  wall,  and  tfortified   them.  ^^  Also  he  built 

tot,  cut  out        towers  in  the  desert,  and  tdigged  many  wells  ;  for  he  had  much  cattle, 

manyci:,  cr/is.     ^^^^  jj-,  ^j-^g  j^^^  couutry,  and  in  the  plains :   husbandmen  also,  and  vine 

*  Or,  fruitful       dressers  in  the  mountains,  and  in  *Carmel ;   for  he  loved  thusbandry. 
^  Heh. ground.      ^^  Morcovcr  Uzziah  had   a   host  of  fighting  men,  that  went  out  to  war 

by  bands,  according  to  the  number  of  their  account  by  the  hand  of 
Jeiel  the  scribe  and  Maaseiah  the  ruler,  under  the  hand  of  Hananiah, 
one  of  the  king's  captains.  ^'-^  The  whole  number  of  the  chief  of  the 
fathers  of  the  mighty  men  of  valor  were  two  thousand  and  six  hundred. 
KflnaZy."'^"'  ^^ ^"^l  uudcr  their  hand  was  tan  army,  three  hundred  thousand  and 
seven  thousand  and  five  hundred,  that  made  war  with  mighty  power, 
to  help  the  king  against  the  enemy.  ^"^  And  Uzziah  prepared  for  them 
throughout  all  the  host  shields,  and  spears, and  helmets,  and  habergeons, 

*  ueh.  stones  of    and  bows,  and  *slings  to  cast  stones.  ^^And  he  made  in  Jerusalem 
*"^*'  engines,  invented  by  cunning  men,  to  be  on  the  towers  and  upon  the 

bulwarks,  to  shoot  arrows  and  great   stones  withal.     And   his  name 
t  Heb.  went  forth,  fsprcad  far  abroad  ;  for  he  was  marvellously  helped  till  he  was  strong. 


SECT.  II.       Section  II. — On  the  Increase  of  his  Armij  by  Uzziah,  Joel  predicts  the  fu- 
—  ture  Overthroio  of  the  Kingdom  of  Jiidah  hy  a  foreign  Army.^^^^ 

A.  M.  o6oaf3217. 

B.  C.  about  787.  THE   BOOK   OF    THE   PROPHET  JOEL. 

Joel,  declaring  stmdry  judgments  of  God,  exhorteih  to  observe  them,  8  and  to  mourn.  14  He  pre- 
scribeth  a  fast  for  complaint.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  He  showelh  unto  Zion  the  terribleness  of  God's  judg- 
ment. 12  He  exhorted  to  repentance,  15  prescribeth  a  fast,  18  promiseth  a  blessing  thereon.  21 
He  comj'orteth  Zion  with  present,  28  and  f  dure  blessings. — Chap.  iii.  1  God's  judgments 
against  the  enemies  of  his  people.  9  God  will  be  known  in  his  judgment.  18  His  blessing  upon 
the  Church. 

^  The  Word  of  the  Lord  that  came  to  Joel  the  Son  of  Pethuel. 
^  Hear  this,  ye  old  men, 
And  give  ear,  all  ye  inhabitants  of  the  land. 

('3)  The  kingdom  of  Judah  began  to  decline  imme-  locusts,  caterpillars,  and  cankervvorins,  such  as  the 
diately  after  the  murder  of  Zacliarias,  son  of  Bara-  oldest  men  had  never  seen,  (Joel  i.  2,  '.\,  &c.) ;  these 
chias  or  Jehoiada.  Then  it  was  that  the  prophet  came  towards  harvest  time,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
and  the  priest  of  the  Lord  was  slain  in  the  very  growth  after  mowing,  (Amos  vii.  1.)  ;  the  vines 
courts  of  the  temple.  This  was  the  climax  of  their  were  laid  waste,  the  fig  trees  were  barked,  (Joel  i. 
wickedness,  when,  in  the  language  of  Rosea,  7.) ;  the  harvest  perished,  and  the  trees  withered, 
'•blood  touched  blood,"  (Rosea  iv.  2.)  ;  when  the  so  that  there  was  not  corn  and  wine  sufficient  for 
people  strove  with  the  priest,  and  the  blood  of  the  a  meat  offering  and  a  drink  offering  in  the  house 
sacrificer  was  mingled  with  the  blood  of  the  sacri-  of  the  Lord.  The  third  plague  was  a  miraculous 
fice.  The  king  and  people  of  Judah  became  open  drought,  attended  with  fearful  flashes  of  fire  from 
idolators,  as  Israel  had  long  been,  and  Syria  and  heaven  ;  the  fire  (Joel  i.  ir>.)  devoured  all  the  pas- 
Israel  punislied  and  oppressed  them  together.  fures  of  the  wilderness,  and  the  flame  burnt  up  all 

At  this  period,  the   providence  of  God   began  to  the   trees   of  the  field.     Rosea  also  alludes  to  the 

raise  up  that  succession  of  prophets  whose  writings  same  plague,  (Hos.  iv.    3.)     Jonah   is  supposed  to 

have  been  transmitted  to,  and  have  ever  been  held  have  been  the  contemporary  of  these  prophets  ;  but 

sacred  by,  the  Christian  Church.     Joel,  Amos,  and  none    of  his    prophecies    are   extant,   except   that 

Rosea,   flourished  together,   predicting  the  future  against  Nineveh. 

calamities  of  the  Jews,  the  blessings  of  their  restora-  The  prophecy  of  Joel  seems  to  have  been  the  first 
tion,  the  judgments  of  God  upon  their  enemies,  that  was  delivered  to  the  kingdom  of  Judah;  though 
with  other  subjects  of  this  high  nature.  These  some  have  supposed  that  he  lived  in  the  reign  of 
prophets  commenced  their  office  by  predicting  three  Joram,  and  others  place  him  in  the  reign  of  Ma- 
judgments  of  the  most  fearful  kind.  The  earth-  nasseh.  Re  predicted,  according  to  the  best  authori- 
quake,  which  took  place  in  the  reigns  of  Uzziah  ties,  the  same  immediate  events  as  Amos ;  and  it  is 
and  Jeroboam  the  Second,  was  foretold  by  Amos  therefore  natural  to  presume  he  lived  about  the 
two  years  before  it  happened,  (Amos  i.  1.  )  Many  same  time.  The  book  of  Joel  is  placed  here  on  the 
suppose  it  was  likewise  predicted  by  Joel,  about  united  authorities  of  its  internal  evidence,  and 
the  same   time.     The   second  plague   was   that  of  the  general  opinion  of  modern  commentators:  viz. 

VOL.  I.  86 


THE  PROPHECY  OF  JOEL. 


[Period  VL 


a  See  Ex.  10.  2. 


•  Heb.  The  resi- 
due of  the  palmer- 
worm.  De.  28. 
38.  See  Ex.  10. 
4,5. 


b  So  Pr.  30.  25- 
27. 


c  Is.  5.  6. 

f  Heb.  laid  my 

fig  tree  far  a 

barking. 

d  Is.  22.  12. 

e  Pr.  2.  17.  Je.  3. 


fie.  12.  11. 


J  Or,  ashamed. 
gifi.  14.3,4. 


*  Is.  24.  11.  Je. 

48.  33.  See  Ps. 

4.  7.  Is.  9.  3. 
t  Je.  4.  8. 


j  2  Ch.  20.  3,  4. 

*  Or,  day  of  re- 
straint. Le.  23 
36. 


Hath  this  been  in  your  days, 

Or  even  in  the  days  of  your  fathers  ? 
^  Tell  "ye  your  children  of  it, 

And  let  your  children  tell  their  children, 

And  their  children  another  generation. 
^  *That  which  the  palmerworm  hath  left — hath  the  locust  eaten  ; 

And  that  which  the  locust  hath  left — hath  the  cankerworm  eaten  ; 

And  that  which   the   cankerworm   hath   left — hath   the  caterpillar 
^  Awake,  ye  drunkards,  and  weep ;  [eaten. 

And  howl,  all  ye  drinkers  of  wine, 

Because  of  the  new  wine  ;  for  it  is  cut  off  from  your  mouth, 
^  For  'a  nation  is  come  up  upon  my  land, 

Strong,  and  without  number, 

Whose  teeth  are  the  teeth  of  a  lion. 

And  he  hath  the  cheek-teeth  of  a  great  lion. 
'  He  'hath  laid  my  vine  waste,  and  tbarked  my  fig  tree : 

He  hath  made  it  clean  bare,  and  cast  it  away ; 

The  branches  thereof  are  made  white. 
^  Lament  ''like  a  virgin  girded  with  sackcloth 

For  'the  husband  of  her  youth. 
^  The  meat  offering  and  the  drink  offering  is  cut  off 

From  the  house  of  the  Lord  ; 

The  priests  (the  Lord's  ministers)  mourn. 
^^  The  field  is  wasted,  ^the  land  mourneth  ; 

For  the  corn  is  wasted  : 

The  new  wine  is  tdried  up,  the  oil  languisheth. 

^'  Be  ^ye  ashamed,  O  ye  husbandmen  !  howl,  O  ye  vine  dressers  I 

For  the  wheat  and  for  the  barley  ; 

Because  the  harvest  of  the  field  is  perished. 
^2  The  vine  is  dried  up,  and  the  fig  tree  languisheth  ; 

The  pomegranate  tree,  tlie  palm  tree  also,  and  the  apple  tree. 

Even  all  the  trees  of  the  field,  are  withered : 

Because  ''joy  is  withered  away  from  the  sons  of  men. 
^^  Gird  'yourselves,  and  lament,  ye  priests  ! 

Howl,  ye  ministers  of  the  altar  ! 

Come,  lie  all  night  in  sackcloth,  ye  ministers  of  my  God ! 

For  the  meat  offering  and  the  drink  offering  is  wilhholden 

From  the  house  of  your  God. 
^**  Sanctify  ^ye  a  fast,  call  a  *solemn  assembly. 

Gather  the  elders  and  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  land 

Lito  the  house  of  the  Lord  your  God, 

And  cry  unto  the  Lord, 
^^  Alas  for  the  day ! 


Lightfoot ;  Blair,  in  liis  Chronological  Tables  ;  Dr. 
(Jrey,  in  his  IiUroduction,  &c.  ;  Vitringa,  in  his 
Typus  Doctrlnte  Proplicticm,  cap.  iv.  p.  35,  &c. ; 
Moldenhawer,  latroductio  in  Lihros  canonicos  Vet. 
ct  JYiiv.  Test.  p.  120,  121  ;  of  RosennUlller,  in  his 
Scholia  in  Vet.  Ttst.  partis  septiina;,  vol.  i.  p.  4133, 
434  ;  and  of  Dr.  Taylor.  It  is  inserted  here  too,  be- 
cause Joel  only  speaksof  Egypt  and  Edom  (iii.  19.) 
as  the  enemies  of  Judea,  without  mentioning  the 
Assyrians  or  Babylonians;  he  likewise  denounces 
the  same  judgments  as  Amos  against  the  Tyrians, 
Sidonians,  and  Idumeans,  who  had  invaded  the 
kingdom  of  Judah,  and  taken  ofFmanyof  the  in- 
habitants for  slaves;  and  in  his  time,  the  Jews 
were  in  full  possession  of  their  religious  worship, 
(ii.  l.Vl?.)  Vide  Home's  IiUroiluctio7i,  vol.  ii.  p. 
2()4. 

The  great  majority  of  commentators  having  thus 
assigned  the  publication  of  the  prophecy  of  Joel  to 


the  reign  of  Uzziah,  we  may  conclude  from  internal 
evidence,  that  it  was  delivered  at  the  time  when 
that  king  had  increased  his  army,  and  made  himself 
formidable  to  the  surrounding  nations  by  the  num- 
ber of  his  engines  of  war,  and  the  abundance  of  his 
arms.  Confiding  in  his  military  power  and  great- 
ness, "  his  lieart  was  lifted  up  to  his  destruction," 
(2  Chron.  .x.wi.  16.)  At  this  time,  it  is  most 
probable,  Joel  predicted  the  entire  overthrow  of  the 
kingdom  of  Judah  by  a  foreign  army,  which  he 
beautifully  compares  to  that  predicted  flight  of  lo- 
custs, which  about  this  time  ravaged  the  country. 
The  prophets  commonly  took  advantage  of  the  pass- 
ing events  of  the  day,  to  jircdict  from  them  the 
future  destiny  of  nations  and  empires.  The  occa- 
sions on  which  the  prophecies  were  delivered, 
therefore,  are  generally  to  be  found  in  the  history 
of  their  own  times. 


Part  X.] 


k  Ib.  13.  6,  9. 


I  See  De.  12.  6 
■f  Heb.  grains. 


THE  PROPHECY  OF  JOEL. 


683 


TO  Je.  9.  10. 

J  Or,  habitations. 


,  IKi.  17.7.  & 
18.5. 


jj  Je.  4.  5. 
*  Or,  cornet. 


5  Obad.  15.  Zep. 
1.  14,  15. 


I  Heb.  ofgenerar 
tion  and  genera- 
tion. 


5  Ge.  2.  8.  &  13. 
10.  Is.  51.  3. 


«Je.  8.  21.  La. 
4.  8.  Nah.  2.  1 
X  Heb.  pot. 


IB  Is.  13.  10.  Ez, 
32.  7.    Mat.  24 


I  Nu.  24.  23. 
Mai.  3.  2. 


For  Hhe  day  of  the  Lord  is  at  hand, 

And  as  a  destruction  from  the  Almighty  shall  it  come. 
16  Is  not  the  meat  cut  o^  before  our  eyes, 

Yea,  'joy  and  gladness  from  the  house  of  our  God  ? 
1^  The  tseed  is  rotten  under  their  clods. 

The  garners  are  laid  desolate,  the  barns  are  broken  down ; 

For  the  corn  is  withered. 

18  How  do  the  beasts  groan  ! 

The  herds  of  cattle  are  perplexed,  because  they  have  no  pasture ; 
Yea,  the  flocks  of  sheep  are  made  desolate. 

19  O  Lord,  to  thee  will  I  cry  ; 

For  "the  fire  hath  devoured  the  ^pastures  of  the  wilderness, 
And  the  flame  hath  burned  all  the  trees  of  the  field. 

20  The  beasts  of  the  field  "cry  also  unto  thee ; 
For  "the  rivers  of  waters  are  dried  up, 

And  the  fire  hath  devoured  the  pastures  of  the  wilderness. 

1  Blow  ''ye  the  *trumpet  in  Zion  !  Chap.  ii. 

And  sound  an  alarm  in  my  holy  mountain ; 
Let  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  land  tremble ; 
For  'the  day  of  the  Lord  cometh,  for  it  is  nigh  at  hand 

2  A  ''day  of  darkness  and  of  gloominess, 
A  day  of  clouds  and  of  thick  darkness. 

As  the  morning  spread  upon  the  mountains  ; 

A  great  people  and  a  strong ; 

There  hath  not  been  ever  the  like,  neither  shall  be  any  more  after  it, 

Even  to  the  years  tof  many  generations. 

3  A  fire  devoureth  before  them ; 
And  behind  them  a  flame  burneth : 

The  land  is  as  "the  garden  of  Eden  before  them, 
And  behind  them  a  desolate  wilderness — 
Yea,  and  nothing  shall  escape  them. 

*  The  'appearance  of  them  is  as  the  appearance  of  horses ; 
And  as  horsemen  so  shall  they  run. 

5  Like  the  noise  of  chariots,  on  the  tops  of  mountains  shall  they  leap, 
Like  the  noise  of  a  flame  of  fire  that  devoureth  the  stubble, 

As  a  strong  people  set  in  battle  array. 

6  Before  their  face  the  people  shall  be  much  pained : 
All  "faces  shall  gather  tblackness. 

7  They  shall  run  like  mighty  men  ; 

They  shall  climb  the  wall  like  men  of  war ; 
And  they  shall  march  every  one  on  his  ways, 
And  they  shall  not  break  their  ranks. 

8  Neither  shall  one  thrust  another  ; 
They  shall  walk  every  one  in  his  path ; 

And  when  they  fall  upon  the  *sword,  they  shall  not  be  wounded. 

9  They  shall  run  to  and  fro  in  the  city  ; 

They  shall  run  upon  the  wall,  they  shall  climb  up  upon  the  houses ; 
They  shall  enter  in  at  the  windows  like  a  thief. 
10  The  earth  shall  quake  before  them ; 
The  heavens  shall  tremble  ; 
The  "sun  and  the  moon  shall  be  dark, 
And  the  stars  shall  withdraw  their  shining. 
'•  11  And  ^the  Lord  shall  utter  his  voice  before  his  army ; 
For  his  camp  is  very  great ; 
For  he  is  strong  that  executeth  his  word ; 
For  "the  day  of  the  Lord  is  great  and  very  terrible — 
And  "^who  can  abide  it  ? 


684 


THE  PROPHECY  OF  JOEL. 


[Period  VI. 


o  Je.  4.  i.  Ho.  12 
6. 


c  Ex.  34.  6.  Ps. 
86,  5,  15.  Jonah 
4.2. 


d  Jos.  14.  12. 
2  Sa.  12.  22. 
2  Ki.  19.  4.  Am 
5.  15.  Jonah  3. 
9.  Zep.  2.  3. 


'&'■£. 

16.  Mat. 

g-Ex.  3 

2.  11,  12. 

t  Or,  itse  a  by- 
word against 
tkem. 

h  Ze.  1. 

14. 

•  De.  32. 
60.  10. 

.  36.  Is. 

j  See  Ex.  10.  19. 
it  Je.  1.  14. 


*  Or,  a  teacher  of 
righteousness. 

f  Heb.  a-cording 
to  righteousness. 

m  1.0.  26.  4. 

nJa.  5.  7. 

a  Or,  He  ;  i.  e. 
the  Lord.   Here 
is  a  change  of 
persons  from  the 
third  to  the  first, 
which  is  very 
common  in  the 
prophetical  wri- 
tings, and  made 
without  the 
slightest  previ- 
ous notice  :  it  is 
this  which  per- 
plexes so  many 
readers.     The 
prophet  contin- 
ues to  speak 
in  the  first  per- 
son through  the 
chapter,  or,  at 
least,  to  the  last 
verse. — Ed. 

0  he.  26.  5,  &c. 


^^  Therefore  also  now,  saith  the  Lord, 
Turn  °ye  even  to  me  with  all  your  heart, 
And  with  fasting,  and  with  weeping,  and  with  mourning; 
^^  And  rend  your  heart,  and  not  ''your  garments, 

And  turn  unto  the  Lord  your  God : 

For  he  is  'gracious  and  merciful, 

Slow  to  anger,  and  of  great  kindness, 

And  repenteth  him  of  the  evil. 
^■^  Who  ''knoweth  if  he  will  return  and  repent, 

And  leave  a  blessing  behind  him  ; 

Even  a  meat  offering  and  a  drink  offering  unto  the  Lord  your  God  ? 
^^  Blow  the  trumpet  in  Zion '. 

Sanctify  a  fast,  call  a  solemn  assembly  : 
^^  Gather  the  people,  sanctify  the  congregation, 

Assemble  the  elders, 

Gather  the  children,  and  those  that  suck  the  breasts ; 

Let 'the  bridegroom  go  forth  of  his  chamber. 

And  the  bride  out  of  her  closet. 
^'^  Let  the  priests,  the  ministers  of  the  Lord, 

Weep  •'^between  the  porch  and  the  altar. 

And  let  them  say,  Spare  °'thy  people,  O  Lord  ! 

And  give  not  thy  heritage  to  reproach. 

That  the  heathen  should  trule  over  them : 

Wherefore  should  they  say  among  the  people.  Where  is  their  God  ? 
^^  Then  will  the  Lord  "be  jealous  for  his  land. 

And  'pity  his  people. 
^^  Yea,  the  Lord  will  answer  and  say  unto  his  people, 

Behold,  I  will  send  you  corn, 

And  wine,  and  oil,  and  ye  shall  be  satisfied  therewith: 

And  I  will  no  more  make  you  a  reproach  among  the  heathen ; 
^^  But  ^I  will  remove  far  off  from  you  *the  northern  army. 

And  will  drive  him  into  a  land  barren  and  desolate, 

With  his  face  toward  the  east  sea, 

And  his  hinder  part  'toward  the  utmost  sea. 

And  his  stink  shall  come  up,  and  his  ill  savor  shall  come  up. 

Because  he  hath  tdone  great  things." 
^^  Fear  not,  O  land  !  be  glad  and  rejoice  ; 

For  the  Lord  will  do  great  things. 
^-  Be  not  afraid,  ye  beasts  of  the  field  : 

For  the  pastures  of  the  wilderness  do  si)ring, 

For  the  tree  beareth  her  fruit. 

The  fig  tree  and  the  vine  do  yield  their  strength. 
^^  Be  glad  then,  ye  children  of  Zion, 

And  rejoice  in  the  Lord  your  God  : 

For  he  hath  given  you  *the  former  rain  f moderately. 

And  he  '"will  cause  to  come  down  for  you  "the  rain, 

The  former  rain,  and  the  latter  rain  in  the  first  month. 
2-*  And  the  Hoors  shall  be  full  of  wheat. 

And  the  vats  shall  overflow  with  wine  and  oil. 
^^  And  ="1  will  restore  to  you  the  years  that  the  locust  hath  eaten, 

The  cankcrworm,  and  the  caterpillar,  and  the  palmerworm, 

My  great  army  wliich  I  sent  among  you. 
^'^  And  ye  shall  "eat  in  plenty,  and  be  satisfied. 

And  praise  the  name  of  the  Lord  your  God, 

That  hath  dealt  wondrously  with  you  ; 

And  my  people  shall  never  be  ashamed. 
2^  And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  in  the  midst  of  Israel, 


Part  X. 


J  Ac.  2. 17. 


•  Is.  54.  13. 

I  Ac.  21.  9. 


V  Is.  13.  9,  10. 
Mat.  24. 29.  Re. 
6.  12. 


THE  PROPHECY  OF  JOEL. 


685 


,  Mai.  4.  5. 


X  Ge.  4.  26.  Ro. 

10.  13. 
1/ 19.  46.  13. 

Ob.  17.  Ro.  11. 

26. 
zls.  11.  11,  16. 

Je.  31.  7.  Mic. 

4.  7.  Ro.  9.  27. 

&  n.  5,7. 
a  Je.  30.  3. 
b  Ze.  14.  2-4. 


e  Is.  66.  16. 


d  Am.  1.  6. 


t  Heb.  desirable 
Da.  11.  38. 


*  Heb.  the  sons 
of  the  Oredans. 


e  Is.  43.  5,  6.  Je 

23.  8. 


/See  la.  8.  9,  10 
t  Heb.  Sanctify. 


g  See  Is.  2.  4. 

Mic.  4.  3. 
\  Or,  scythes. 


*  Or,  tfte  LORD 
s/mH  fci-mrr  doiDu 
U.  13.  3. 


VOL.   I. 


And  that  I  am  the  Lord  your  God,  and  none  else  ; 

And  my  people  shall  never  be  ashamed. 
28  And  ^it  shall  come  to  pass  afterward, 

That  'I  will  pour  out  my  Spirit  upon  all  flesh  ; 

And  >our  sons  and  'your  daughters  shall  prophesy, 

Your  old  men  shall  dream  dreams. 

Your  young  men  shall  see  visions : 
•29  And  also  upon  'the  servants  and  upon  the  handmaids 

In  those  days  will  I  pour  out  my  Spirit. 
30  And  "I  will  show  wonders  in  the  heavens  and  in  the  earth, 

Blood,  and  fire,  and  pillars  of  smoke. 
3^  The  "sun  shall  be  turned  into  darkness. 

And  the  moon  into  blood, 

Before  "the  great  and  the  terrible  day  of  the  Lord  come. 
32  And  it  shall  come  to  pass. 

That  "whosoever  shall  call  on  the  name  of  the  Lord  shall  be  delivered ; 

For  ^in  Mount  Zion  and  in  Jerusalem  shall  be  deliverance, 

As  the  Lord  hath  said. 

And  in  "the  remnant  whom  the  Lord  shall  call. 

1  For,  behold,  "in  those  days,  and  in  that  time,  ^"^''-  "'• 
When  I  shall  bring  again  the  captivity  of  Judah  and  Jerusalem, 

2  I  ''will  also  gather  all  nations. 

And  will  bring  them  down  into  the  valley  of  Jehoshaphat, 

And  'will  plead  with  them  there 

For  my  people  and  for  my  heritage  Israel, 

Whom  they  have  scattered  among  the  nations,  and  parted  my  land. 

3  And  they  have  cast  lots  for  my  people ; 
And  have  given  a  boy  for  a  harlot, 
And  sold  a  girl  for  wine. 

That  they  might  drink. 

4  Yea,  and  what  have  ye  to  do  with  me,  ''O  Tyre,  and  Zidon . 
And  all  the  coasts  of  Palestine  ? 

Will  ye  render  me  a  recompence  ? 

And  if  ye  recompense  me, 

Swiftly  and  speedily  will  I  return  your  recompence  upon  your  own 

5  Because  ye  have  taken  my  silver  and  my  gold,  [head  : 
And  have  carried  into  your  temples  my  goodly  tpleasant  things ; 

6  The  children  also  of  Judah  and  the  children  of  Jerusalem 
Have  ye  sold  unto  *the  Grecians, 

That  ye  might  remove  them  far  from  their  border. 
■^  Behold,  ^I  will  raise  them  out  of  the  place 

Whither  ye  have  sold  them. 

And  will  return  your  recompence  upon  your  own  head  : 
8  And  I  will  sell  your  sons  and  your  daughters 

Into  the  hand  of  the  children  of  Judah, 

And  they  shall  sell  them  to  the  Sabeans,  to  a  people  far  oft : 

For  the  Lord  hath  spoken  it. 

9  Proclaim  -^ye  this  among  the  Gentiles ; 

t Prepare  war,  wake  up  the  mighty  men. 

Let  all  the  men  of  war  draw  near  ;  let  them  come  up  : 

10  Beat  'your  ploughshares  into  swords. 
And  your  ti)runing-hooks  into  spears  : 
Let  the  weak  say,  I  am  strong. 

11  Assemble  yourselves,  and  come,  all  ye  heathen, 

And  gather  yourselves  together  round  about :  ^ 

Thither  *cause  thy  mighty  ones  to  come  down,  O  Lord  . 

12  Let  the  heathen  be  wakened, 

3  F 


686 


UZZIAH  STRUCK  WITH  LEPROSY. 


[Period  YJ. 


a  From  the  13th 
to  16th  verse 
inclusive,  the 
prophet  seems 
to  speak  in  his 
own  person,  do- 
scrihin;  his 
visions  or  utter- 
ing the  senti- 
ments and  ap- 
peals which 
those  visions 
awaken.     In  the 
l~th  God  again 
speaks. — Ed. 

h  xMat.  13.  39. 
Re.  14.  15,  18. 

iJe.  51.33.  Ho. 
6.  11. 

j  Is.  63.  3.  La.  1. 
15.  Re.  14.  19, 
20. 

f  Or,  concision, 
or,  Vireshmg. 

fc  Je.  25.  30.  Am. 
1.2. 

I  Hag.  2.  6. 

m  Is.  51.  5,  6. 

X  Heb.  place  of 
repair,  or,  har- 
bour. 

*  Heb.  holiness. 

n  Is.  35.  8.  Re. 
21.  27. 

o  Am.  9.  13. 

p  Is.  30.  25. 

t  Heb.  go. 

q  Ps.  46.  4.  Ez. 
47.  1.  Ze.  14.  8. 
Re.  22.  1. 

r  Is.  19.  1,  &.C. 

s  Je.  49.  17. 

}  Or,  abide.  Am. 
9.  15. 

t  Is.  4.  4. 

*Or.EvenIihe 
LORD  that 
dicelleth  in  Zion. 
Ez.  48.  35.  Re. 
21.3. 


And  come  up  to  the  valley  of  Jehoshaphat : 

For  there  will  I  sit  to  judge  all  the  heathen  round  about. 
i3apy^  ''ye  in  the  sickle,  for  'the  harvest  is  ripe: 

Come,  get  you  down  ;  for  the  ■'press  is  full,  the  vats  overflow  ; 

For  their  wickedness  is  great. 
^^  Multitudes,  multitudes  in  the  valley  of  ^decision  ; 

For  the  day  of  the  Lord  is  near  in  the  valley  of  decision. 
^^  The  sun  and  the  moon  shall  be  darkened, 

And  the  stars  shall  withdraw  their  shining. 
^^  The  Lord  also  shall  'roar  out  of  Zion, 

And  utter  his  voice  from  Jerusalem, 

And  'the  heavens  and  the  earth  shall  shake; 

But  "the  Lord  will  be  the  thope  of  his  people, 

And  the  strength  of  the  children  of  Israel. 
^^  So  shall  ye  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  your  God 

Dwelling  in  Zion,  my  holy  mountain : 

Then  shall  Jerusalem  be  *holy. 

And  there  shall  "no  strangers  pass  through  her  any  more. 
^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  the  mountains  shall  "drop  down  new  wine, 

And  the  hills  shall  flow  with  milk, 

And  'all  the  rivers  of  Judah  shall  tflow  with  waters, 

And  'a  fountain  shall  come  forth  of  the  house  of  the  Lord, 

And  shall  water  the  valley  of  Shittim. 
19  Egypt  '"shall  be  a  desolation, 

And  'Edom  shall  be  a  desolate  wilderness. 

For  the  violence  against  the  children  of  Judah, 

Because  they  have  shed  innocent  blood  in  their  land. 
2«  But  Judah  shall  Idwell  for  ever, 

And  Jerusalem  from  generation  to  generation. 
^^  For  I  will  'cleanse  their  blood  that  I  have  not  cleansed  ; 

*For  the  Lord  dwelleth  in  Zion. 

[end  of  the  book   of   the   prophet  JOEL.] 


A.   M.  3219. 
B.  C.  785. 


c  So  2  Ki.  16.  12, 

13. 
d  Ex.  30.  7,  8. 


SECT.  IIL  Section  IIL — Uzziah  is  stricken   with  Leprosy. 

2  Chron.  xxvi.  1(5-21. 
^^  But  "when  ^he  was  strong,  his  heart  was  'lifted  up  to  his  destruc- 
tion ;  for  he  transgressed  against  the  Lord  his  God,  and  'went  into  the 
oDe.  ^5.        temple  of  the  Lord  to  burn  incense  upon  the  altar  of  incense.     ^^And 
a^e.  Uzziah—  Azariali  the   priest  went  in  after  him,  and  with  him  fourscore  priests 
ftDe.  8. 14.  of  the  Lord,  that  were  valiant  men.  ^^And  they  with.stood  Uzziah  the 

king,  and  said  unto  him,  "  It  appertaineth  not  unto  thee,  Uzziah,  to 
burn  incense  unto  the  Lord,  but  to  ''the  priests  the  sons  of  Aaron, 
that  are  consecrated  to  burn  incense.  Go  out  of  the  sanctuary,  for  thou 
hast  trespassed  ;  neither  shall  it  be  for  thine  honor  from  the  Lord  God." 
^^Then  Uzziah  was  wroth,  and  had  a  censer  in  his  hand  to  burn 
incense  ;  and  while  he  was  wroth  with  the  priests,  'the  leprosy  even 
rose  up  in  his  forehead  before  the  i)riests  in  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
from  beside  the  incense-altar.  ~^  And  Azariah  the  chief  priest,  and  all 
the  priests,  looked  upon  him,  and,  behold,  he  was  leprous  in  his  fore- 
head, and  they  thrust  him  out  from  thence  ;  yea,  himself  ^hasted  also 
to  go  out,  because  the  Lord  had  smitten  him.  -^  And  ^Uzziah  the  king 
was  a  leper  unto  the  day  of  his  death,  and  dwelt  in  a  *several  house, 
being  a  leper,  (for  he  was  cut  off"  from  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;)  and 
Jot  ham  his  son  was  over  the  king's  house,  judging  the  people  of  the 
land. 


/As  Est.  &  12. 
^2Ki.  15.5. 


*  Heb.  free.  Le. 
13.  46.  Nu.  5.  2. 


Part  X-l 


THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH. 


687 


StCT.   IV. 


A.  M.  3246. 
B.  C.  758. 


a  Jo.  12.41.  Re. 

4.2. 
*  Or,  the  skirts 

thereof. 


f  Heb.  this  cried 

to  this. 
b  Re.  4.  8. 
X  Heb.  his  glory 

is  the  fulness  of 

the  whole  earth. 

Vs.  1-2.  19. 
*  Heb.  thresholds, 
t  Heb.  cut  off. 


X  Heb.  and  in  his 
hand  a  live  coal. 

*  Heb.  caused  it 
to  touch    See  Je. 
1.  9.  Da.  10.  16. 


cGe.  1.26.  &  3. 
22.  &  11.  7. 

t  Heb.  Behold  me. 

d  Ma.  13    14.  Jo. 
12.  40.  Ac.  28. 
26.  Ro.  11.8. 

X  Or,  zoithout 
ceasing,  Sfc.  Heb. 
hear  ye  in  hear- 
ing, ^-c. 

*  Heb.  in  seeing. 

e  Ps.  119.  70. 

fie.  5.  21. 

g-Mic.  3.  12. 


Section  IV. — Designation  of  Isaiah   to  the  prophetic  Office  ; — His  Fir<^t 

Prophecy.^'''^ 

THE  BEGINNING  OF  THE   BOOK   OF  THE   PROPHET  ISAIAH. 

Chap.  i.  1,  and  chap,  vi.,  ii.,  iii.,  iv.  and  v. 

Isaiah,  in  a  vision  of  the  Lord  in  his  glory,  5  being  ierrijied,  is  cot)firmed  for  his  message.     9  He 

showeth  the  obstinacy  of  the  people  unto  their  desolation.      13  A  remnant  shall  be  saved.  — Chap. 

ii.  1  Isaiah  prophesieth  the  coming  of  Christ's  kingdom.     6  Wickedness  is  the  cause  of  God's 

forsaking.     10  He  exhorteth  to  fear,  because  of  the  powerful  effects  of  God's  majesty.  —  Ciiap.    '" 


12  The  oppression 


I  The  great  confusion  which  cnmeth  by  sin.     9  The  impuwncy  of  tlie  })eople. 

and  covetousness  of  the  rulers.  16  Tlie  judgments  which  shall  be  for  the  pride  of  the  women.  — 
Chap.  iv.  In  the  extremity  of  evils,  Christ's  kingdom  shall  be  a  sanctuary.  —  Chap.  v.  1  Ujider  the 
parable  of  a  vineyard  God  excuseth  his  severe  Judgment.     8  His  Judgments  upon  covetousness, 

I I  upon  lasciviousuess,  13  upon  impiety,  20  arid  upon  injustice.  26  The  executioners  of  God's 
Judgments. 

^The  Vision  of  Isaiah  the  Son  of  Amoz,  which  he  saw  concern- 
ing JuDAH  AND  Jerusalem  in  the  days  of  Uzziah,  Jotham, 
Ahaz,  and  Hezekiah,  Kings  of  Judah. 

^  In  the  year  that  king  Uzziah  died  I  "saw  also  the  Lord  sit-     Chap.  vi. 
ting  upon  a  throne,  high  and  hfted  up,  and  *his  train  filled  the 
temple.  ^  Above  it  stood  the  seraphim :   each  one  had  si.x  wings  ;  with 
twain  he  covered  his  face,  and  with  twain  he  covered  his  feet,  and  with 
twain  he  did  fly.  ^  And  tone  cried  unto  another,  and  said, — 
"  Holy,  'holy,  holy,  is  the  Lord  of  hosts  : 
tThe  whole  earth  is  full  of  his  glory  !  " 

4  And  the  posts  of  the  *door  moved  at  the  voice  of  him  that  cried, 
and  the  house  was  filled  with  smoke.  ^  Then  said  I,  ''  Woe  is  me ! 
for  I  am  tundone  ;  because  I  am  a  man  of  unclean  lips,  and  I  dwell 
in  the  midst  of  a  people  of  unclean  lips  :  for  mine  eyes  have  seen  the 
King,  the  Lord  of  hosts."  ^  Then  flew  one  of  the  seraphim  unto  me, 
t having  a  live  coal  in  his  hand,  which  he  had  taken  with  the  tongs 
from  off*  the  altar  :  '''  and  he  *laid  it  upon  my  mouth,  and  said,  "  Lo  ! 
this  hath  touched  thy  lips,  and  thine  iniquity  is  taken  away,  and  thy 
sin  purged." 

^  Also,  I  heard  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  saying,  "  Whom  shall  I 
send,  and  who  will  go  for  "us  ?  "  Then  said  I,  "  tHere  am  I ;  send  me." 
^  And  he  said,  "  Go,  and  tell  this  people, — 

Hear  ''ye  tindeed,  but  understand  not ; 

And  see  ye  *indeed,  but  perceive  not. 
^°  Make  "the  heart  of  this  people  fat, 

And  make  their  ears  heavy,  and  shut  their  eyes  ; 

Lest  '^they  see  with  their  eyes,  and  hear  with  their  ears. 

And  understand  with  their  heart,  and  convert,  and  be  healed." 
^^  Then  said  I,  "Lord,  how  long?  "  And  he  answered, — 

"  Until  °the  cities  be  wasted  without  inhabitant. 

And  the  houses  without  man, 


And  the  land  be  t  utterly  desolate. 


(2'^)  The  question  has  been  much  controverted, 
whether  the  vision  of  Isaiah,  in  the  sixth  chapter, 
was  seen  on  his  designation  to  the  prophetic  office, 
or  after  that  time  ?  Isaiah  prophesied  (i.  1.)  in  the 
days  of  Uzziah  ;  and  afterwards  we  find  that  lie 
saw  the  vision  in  the  year  that  king  Uzziah  died, 
(Isa.  vi.  1.)  Bishop  Lowth  is  of  opinion,  that  the 
first  five  chapters  were  delivered  prior  to  the  death 
of  Uzziah.  and  the  sixth  immediately  after  it,  and 
lie  interprets  the  phrase  •'  in  the  year  that  king 
Uzziah  died,"  to  signify,  after  his  death,  in  the  year 
that  he  died.  Dr.  Wells  and  Lightfoot  agree  in  this 
opinion.  Bishop  Horsley  and  Dr.  Taylor  unite  in 
supposing  tliat  the  first  chapter  is  more  descriptive 
of  the  reign  of  Ahaz  than  that  of  Uzziah  ;  as  in  the 
reign  of  the  latter  the  land  was  at  rest,  and  the  king 
good.  It  flourished  likewise  under  the  government 
of  Jotham,  wlio  was  also  a  good  man;  therefore, 
from  its  internal  evidence,  which   is  certainly  the 


best,  as  well  as  from  the  opinion  of  many  commen- 
tators, the  first  chapter  of  Isaiah  is  placed  in  the 
reign  of  Ahaz,  with  the  exception  of  the  first  verse 
of  that  chapter,  which  may  be  considered  as  an  in- 
troduction to  the  whole  book.  Isaiah  was  the 
greatest  of  all  the  prophets,  through  all  ages  of  the 
church,  and  was  in  all  probability  appointed  to  his 
great  oflnce  with  more  than  usual  solemnity.  Jere- 
miah, Ezekiel,  Rosea,  »&c.  all  give  some  account,  in 
the  beginning  of  their  writings,  of  the  manner,  or 
of  the  circumstances  under  which  they  were  re- 
spectively called  to  fill  the  prophetic  office.  We 
have  every  reason  to  suppose,  therefore,  that  the 
chief  prophet  would  likewise  have  been  favored 
with  similar  demonstrations  of  his  divine  appoint- 
ment.— Vide  Lowtii's  Isaiah,  note  inloc;  Light- 
foot,  vol.  i.  p.  98. ;  Horsley 's  Bih.  Crit.  vol.  ii.  p. 
4. :  Vitringa.tom.  i.  p.  25-29.  ;  Gray's  and  Home's 
Introduc;  Taylor's  Scheme  of  Divinity,  eh.  xxxiv. 


688 


THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH. 


Period  VI 


J  Or.  When  it  is 

returned,  and 

hath  been 

broiised. 
*  Or,  stock,  or, 

3tem. 
i  Ez.  9.  2.  Mai. 

2.  15.  Ro.  11.  5. 


a  This  chapter  is 
a  good  example 
to  illustrate  one 
of  the  chief  dif- 
ficulties in  the 
prophetical  wri- 
tings, viz.  the 
change  of  the 
person  speaking, 
or  of  the  person 
spoken  to,  while 
the  subject  con- 
tinues the  same, 
or  the  ])rophet  is 
virtually  the 
speaker  through- 
out. In  V.  2,  the 
prophet  speaks 
in  his  own  proper 
person.      In  v. 
3,  he  puts  lan- 
guage into  the 
mouths  of  the 
people.  In  v.  6, 
he  addresses  the 
Deity.     In  v.  10, 
as  though  what 
he  saw  in  vision 
was  actually 
present,  he  calls 
on  the  people 
for  expressions 
of  fear  or  hom- 
age.— Ed. 

t  Or,  prepared. 

j  Je.  31.  6.  Ze.  8. 
21,23. 

k  Lu.  24.  47. 

I  Ho.  2.  18.  Ze. 
9.  10. 

J  Or,  scythes.  Ps. 
72.  J,  7. 

m  Eph.  5.  8. 

*  Or,  more  than 
the  east, 

f  Or,  abound  jcith 
the  children,  ^-c. 

n  Je.  2.  28. 


V  Is.  4.  1.  &  11. 
10,  II.  &  12.  1, 
4.  &24.  21.  & 
2i.  9.  &  96.  1.  & 
27.  1,2,  12,  ly. 
&  28.  5.  &  29. 
18.  &  30.  23.  & 
.52.  (!.  Jo.  30.  7, 

8.  Ez.  38.  14, 19. 
&39.  11,23.  Ilo. 

2.  Hi,  18,21. 
.loci  3.  18.  Am. 

9.  ll.nb.8.  Mic. 
4.  n.  ic  5.  10.  &. 
7.  II,  12.  Zep. 

3.  II,  16.  Ze.  9. 
16. 


^^  And  ''the  Lord  have  removed  men  far  away, 

And  there  be  a  great  forsaking  in  the  midst  of  the  land. 
^^  But  yet  in  it  shall  be  a  tenth, 

iAnd  it  shall  return,  and  shall  be  eaten : 

As  a  teil  tree,  and  as  an  oak,  whose  *substance  is  in  them, 

When  they  cast  their  leaves  : 

So  'the  holy  seed  shall  be  the  substance  thereof." 

'  The  Word  that  Isaiah  the  Son  of  Amoz  saw  con-     Chap,  ii 

CERNING  JuDAH  AND  JERUSALEM. 

^  ^And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  the  last  days. 

That  the  mountain  of  the  Lord's  house 

Shall  tbe  estal)lished  in  the  top  of  the  mountains, 

And  shall  be  e.xalted  above  the  liills  ; 

And  all  nations  shall  flow  unto  it. 
^  And  many  people  shall  go  and  say, 

Come  ^ye,  and  let  us  go  up  to  the  mountain  of  the  Lord, 

To  the  house  of  the  God  of  Jacob  ; 

And  he  will  teach  us  of  his  ways,  and  we  will  walk  in  his  patks 

For  *out  of  Zion  shall  go  forth  the  law. 

And  the  word  of  the  Lord  from  Jerusalem  ; 
''  And  he  shall  judge  among  the  nations. 

And  shall  rebuke  many  people. 

And  'they  shall  beat  their  swords  into  ploughshares, 

And  their  spears  into  tpruning-hooks : 

Nation  shall  not  lift  up  sword  against  nation, 

Neither  shall  they  learn  war  any  more. 
^  O  house  of  Jacob  !  come  ye. 

And  let  us  "walk  in  the  light  of  the  Lord. 
^  Therefore  thou  hast  forsaken  thy  people  the  house  of  Jacob, 

Because  they  be  replenished  *from  the  east, 

And  are  soothsayers  like  the  Philistines, 

And  they  tplease  themselves  in  the  children  of  strangers. 
"^  Their  land  also  is  full  of  silver  and  gold. 

Neither  is  there  any  end  of  their  treasures ; 

Their  land  is  also  full  of  horses, 

Neither  is  there  any  end  of  their  chariots  : 
^  Their  "land  also  is  full  of  idols  ; 

They  worship  the  work  of  their  own  hands. 

That  which  their  own  fingers  have  made : 
^  And  the  mean  man  bowcth  down. 

And  the  great  man  humbleth  himself: 

Therefore  forgive  them  not. 

^^  Enter  "into  the  rock,  and  hide  thee  in  the  dust. 

For  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  for  the  glory  of  his  majesty. 
'^  The  lofty  looks  of  man  shall  be  humbled. 

And  the  haughtiness  of  men  shall  be  bowed  down, 

And  the  Lord  alone  shall  be  e.\altcd  ''in  that  day. 
'^  For  the  day  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  shall  be 

Upon  every  one  that  is  proud  and  lofty, 

And  upon  every  one  that  is  lifted  up  ; 

And  he  shall  be  brought  low  : 
'^  And  upon  all  the  cedars  of  Lebanon,  that  arc  high  and  lifted  up; 

And  upon  all  the  oaks  of  Bashan, 
^  And  upon  all  the  high  mountains, 

And  111)011  all  the  hills  that  are  lifted  up, 


p^j^^  X.]  THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH.  689 

^5  And  upon  every  high  tower, 

And  upon  every  fenced  wall, 
^6  And  upon  all  the  ships  of  Tarshish, 
J  Heb.  picture*  And  upou  all  Ipleasaut  pictures. 

of  desire.  ^^  ^^^^  ^^^^  loftiness  of  man  shall  be  bowed  bown, 

And  the  haughtiness  of  men  shall  be  made  low  : 

And  the  Lord  alone  shall  be  exalted  in  that  day. 
*  Or,  smi  utterly  18  ^^^d  the  idols  *he  shall  utterly  abolish. 
/r  ToIlu.    19  And  they  shall  go  into  'the  holes  of  the  rocks, 
^.^30^ Re. 6. 16.       ^^^  -^^^^  ^j^g  ^^^^gg  ^f  fthc  earth, 

t  Heb.  'the  dust.         For  ^fear  of  the  Lord,  and  for  the  glory  of  his  majesty, 
rSThes  1.9.  ^j^gj^  j^g  ^^-ggj,^  ^to  ghake  terribly  the  earth.          ,  ,  .    .^  ,      ,      , , 

t  He\  tl  i     ^  In  that  day  a  man  shall  cast  this  idols  of  silver,  and  his  idols  of  gold, 
of  his  silver,  src.       (T^\^[ch  tlicv  made  *each  one  for  himself  to  worship), 

To  the  moles  and  to  the  bats  ; 

21  To  go  into  the  clefts  of  the  rocks. 
And  into  the  tops  of  the  ragged  rocks. 

For  fear  of  the  Lord,  and  for  the  glory  of  his  majesty, 
When  he  ariseth  to  shake  terribly  the  earth. 

22  Cease  ye  from  man,  whose  breath  is  in  his  nostrils : 
For  wherein  is  he  to  be  accounted  of  ? 

1  For,  behold,  the  Lord,  the  Lord  of  hosts,  Chap.  iii. 

Doth  take  away  from  Jerusalem  and  from  Judah 
tLe.  26. 26.  The  'stay  and  the  staff. 

The  whole  stay  of  bread,  and  the  whole  stay  of  water, 
uSee  2Ki.24.       2  ^he  "micrhty  man,  and  the  man  of  war, 

''■  The  jud|e,  and  the  prophet,  and  the  prudent,  and  the  ancient, 

tHeb.  avian  em-    3  The  captaiu  of  fifty,  and  ithe  honorable  man, 

i^^i^counte-         ^^^  ^ji^  counsellor,  and  the  cunmng  artificer,  and  the  teloquent 
}  Or.  skilful  of       4  And  4  will  ffive  children  to  be  their  princes,  [orator. 

speech.  -li.ii<-i  ,      ii         i  il 

a  Change  of  per-        And  babcs  shall  rule  over  them. 

5  A„ci  the  people  shall  be  oppressed. 
Every  one  by  another,  and  every  one  by  his  neighbour  : 
The  child  shall  behave  himself  proudly  against  the  ancient. 
And  the  base  against  the  honorable.  .     ,      ,  x-  ,  • 

6  When  a  man  shall  take  hold  of  his  brother  of  the  house  of  his 
father,  saying. 

Thou  hast  clothing,  be  thou  our  ruler. 
And  let  this  ruin  he  under  thy  hand  : 


son,  from  the 
third  to  the  first. 
—Ed. 


Heb.z</<up  the    7  j^  that  day  shall  he  *  swear,  saying 

hand,  Ge.  14.22.  .  •'.  .,         , 


t  n'i  ?n..r-;'       I  Will  not  be  a  thealer  ; 

For  in  my  house  is  neither  bread  nor  clothing : 
Make  me  not  a  ruler  of  the  people. 
»Mic.3. 12.          8  Pqi.  "Jerusalem  is  ruined,  and  Judah  is  fallen  ; 

Because  their  tongue  and  their  doings  are  against  the  Lord, 
To  provoke  the  eyes  of  his  glory. 
9  The  show  of  their  countenance  doth  witness  against  them ; 
„Ge.  13. 13.  &         And  they  declare  their  sin  as  "Sodom,  they  hide  it  not. 
18. 20,21.  &  19.       ^^^^  ^^J^  ^j^^.^  ^^^^j ,  ^^j.  ^^^^  j^^^,g  rewarded  evil  unto  themselves. 

10  Say  ye  to  the  righteous,  that  it  shall  be  well  with  them  : 
For  they  shall  eat  the  fruit  of  their  doings. 

11  Woe  unto  the  wicked!  it  shall  be  ill  with  him: 

X  Heb.  done  to  for  the  reward  of  his  hands  shall  be  tgiven  him. 

'^''"'  12  As  for  my  people,  children  are  their  oppressors, 

And  women  rule  over  them. 
*  Or  thnj  which        O  my  people,  *they  which  lead  thee  cause  thee  to  err, 
t iri:^       And  tdestroy  the^^way  of  thy  paths.  ^  ^  ^ 

VOL.   1.  ^' 


690 


THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH. 


[Pekiob  VL 


X  Or,  bum 
y  Mat.  21. 


*  Heb.  decdmng 
with  their  eyes. 

■\  Or.  tripping 
nicely. 

z  De.  28.  27. 


*  Or,  neCr^orks. 
aJu.  8.21. 

f  Or,  sweet  balU. 
%  Or,  spanffled 
ornaments. 

•  Heb.  houses  of 
Vie  soul. 


t  Heb.  might. 
b  Je.  14.  2.  La. 

1.4. 
t  Or,  emptied. 

Heb.  cleansed. 
c  La.  2.  10. 

d  2  Thes.  3.  12. 


*  Heb.  let  t!ey 
name  be  called 
upon  us. 

t  Or,  Ta/ie  Vtou 

away. 
e  lie.  30.  23. 
fJe.  23.  5.  Ze.  3. 

8.  &  6.  12. 
J  Heb.  bexiHty 

and  glory. 

*  Heb.  For  the  es- 
caping of  Israel. 


g  Phil.  4.  3.  Re. 


t  Or,  to  life. 
A  .Mai.  3.  2,  3. 


See  Ex.  13.21. 


^^  The  Lord  standeth  up  'to  plead. 

And  standeth  to  judge  the  people, 
^^  The  Lord  will  enter  into  judgment 

With  the  ancients  of  his  people,  and  the  princes  thereof: 

For  ye  have  teaten  up  "the  vineyard  ; 

The  spoil  of  the  poor  is  in  your  houses. 
^^  What  mean  ye  that  ye  beat  my  people  to  pieces, 

And  grind  the  faces  of  the  poor  ?  saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts. 
*^  Moreover  the  Lord  saith. 

Because  the  daughters  of  Zion  are  haughty, 

And  walk  with  stretched  forth  necks 

And  *  wanton  eyes, 

Walking  and  tinincing  as  they  go. 

And  making  a  tinkling  with  their  feet ; 
^"^  Therefore  the  Lord  will  smite  with  "^a  scab 

The  crown  of  the  head  of  the  daughters  of  Zion, 

And  the  Lord  will  Idiscover  their  secret  parts. 
^^  In  that  day  the  Lord  will  take  away 

The  bravery  of  their  tinkling  ornaments  about  their  feet. 

And  their  *cauls,  and  their  "round  tires  like  the  moon, 
^^  The  tchains,  and  the  bracelets,  and  the  tmufflers, 
^°  The  bonnets,  and  the  ornaments  of  the  legs,  and  the  headbands^ 

And  the  *tablets,  and  the  earrings, 
^^  The  rings,  and  nose  jewels, 
^  The  changeable  suits  of  apparel,  and  the  mantles, 

And  the  wimples,  and  the  crisping-pins, 
^  The  glasses,  and  the  fine  linen, 

And  the  hoods,  and  the  veils.  [stink  j 

^*  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  instead  of  sweet  smell  there  shall  be 

And  instead  of  a  girdle  a  rent ;  and  instead  of  well-set  hair  baldness  ; 

And  instead  of  a  stomacher  a  girding  of  sackcloth  ; 

And  burning  instead  of  beauty. 
^^  Thy  men  shall  fall  by  the  sword, 

And  thy  tmighty  in  the  war. 
^  And  'her  gates  shall  lament  and  mourn  ; 

And  she  being  tdesolate  'shall  sit  upon  the  ground. 

^  And  in  that  day  seven  women  shall  take  hold  of  one     Chap,  iv, 
man,  saying. 

We  will  ''eat  our  own  bread, 

And  wear  our  own  apparel  : 

Only  *let  us  be  called  by  thy  name, 

f To  take  away  'our  reproach." 

^  In  that  day  shall  ^the  Branch  of  the  Lord   be  Jbeautiful  and 
glorious, 

And  the  fruit  of  the  earth  shall  be  excellent  and  comely 

*For  them  that  are  escaped  of  Israel. 
^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  he  that  is  left  in  Zion, 

And  he  that  remaineth  in  Jerusalem, 

Shall  be  called  holy, 

Even  every  one  that  is  ^written  famong  the  living  in  Jerusalem  ; 
^  When  "the  Lord  shall  have  washed  away  the  filth  of  the  daughters 
of  Zion, 

And  shall  have  purged  the  blood  of  Jerusalem  from  the  midst  thereof 

By  the  spirit  of  judgment,  and  by  the  spirit  of  burning. 
^  And  the  Lord  will  create  upon  every  dwelling-place  of  Mount  Zion, 

And  upon  her  assemblies, 

A  'cloud  and  smoke  by  day, 


THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH. 


691 


k  Ps.  80.  8.  Cant. 
8.  12.  Je.  2.  21. 
Mat.  21.  33. 


J  Or,  made  a  wall 
about  it. 


^Heb./ara( 
ing. 


%  Heb.  plant  of 
his  pleasures. 
*  Heb.  a  scab. 


t  Heb.  ye. 

X  Or,  This  is  in. 
viine  ears,  saitk 
the  LORD,  fyc. 

*  lleb.Ifnot,&.c. 


n  Pr.  23.  29, 

Ec.  10.  16. 


I  Ot,  pursue  them. 


o  See  Job  34.  27. 


V  Ho.  4.  6. 
q  Lu.  19.  44. 


I  Heb.  tlieir  glory 
are  men  offam- 


And  nhe  shining  of  a  flaming  fire  by  night:  r  ,_    u     . 

For  tupon  all  the  glory  shall  be  *a  defence.  [the  heat, 

5  And  there  shall  be  a  tabernacle  for  a  shadow  in  the  daytime  from 
And  for  a  place  of  refuge,  and  for  a  covert  from  storm  and  from  ram. 
1  Now  will  I  sing  to  my  well-beloved  Chap.  v. 

A  song  of  my  beloved  touching  *his  vineyard. 
My  well-beloved  hath  a  vineyard 
In  ta  very  fruitful  hill : 

2  And  he  I  fenced  it,  and  gathered  out  the  stones  thereot. 
And  planted  it  with  the  choicest  vine, 

And  built  a  tower  in  the  midst  of  it, 

And  also  *made  a  winepress  therein  : 

And  'he  looked  that  it  should  bring  forth  grapes, 

And  it  brought  forth  wild  grapes  !  r  t  j  u  i 

3  And  now,  O  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  and  men  of  Judah! 
Judge,  '"I  pray  you,  betwixt  me  and  my  vineyard. 

^  What  could  have  been  done  more  to  my  vineyard. 
That  I  have  not  done  in  it  ? 

Wherefore,  when  I  looked  that  it  should  bring  forth  grapes, 
Brought  it  forth  wild  grapes  ? 

5  And  now  go  to  ;  1  will  tell  you 
What  I  will  do  to  my  vineyard : 

I  will  take  away  the  hedge  thereof,  and  it  shall  be  eaten  up ; 
And  break  down  the  wall  thereof,  and  it  shall  be  ttrodden  down: 

6  And  I  will  lay  it  waste : 

It  shall  not  be  pruned,  nor  digged  ; 

But  there  shall  come  up  briers  and  thorns : 

I  will  also  command  the  clouds 

That  they  rain  no  rain  upon  it.  r  t       i 

7  For  the  vineyard  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  is  the  house  of  Israel, 
And  the  men  of  Judah  this  pleasant  plant : 

And  he  looked  for  judgment— but  behold  *oppression  ; 
For  righteousness — but  behold  a  cry. 

«  Woe  unto  them  that  join  house  to  house, 
That  lay  field  to  field, 
Till  there  be  no  place, 

That  tthey  may  be  placed  alone  in  the  midst  of  the  earth ! 
3  tin  mine  ears,  said  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
*0f  a  truth  many  houses  shall  be  desolate, 
Even  great  and  fair,  without  inhabitant. 
10  Yea,  ten  acres  of  vineyard  shall  yield  one  bath 
And  the  seed  of  an  homer  shall  yield  an  ephah. 

11  Woe  "unto  them  that  rise  up  early  in  the  morning,  that  they 
may  follow  strong  drink  ; 
That  continue  until  night,  till  wine  tinflame  them  ! 
12  And  the  harp,  and  the  viol,  the  tabret,  and  pipe, 
And  wine,  are  in  their  feasts  ; 
But  "they  regard  not  the  work  of  the  Lord, 
Neither  consider  the  operation  of  his  hands. 

13  Therefore  "my  people  are  gone  into  captivity,  'because  they  have 
no  knowledge  ; 
And  t their  honorable  men  are  famished. 
And  their  multitude  dried  up  with  thirst. 
Therefore  hell  hath  enlarged  herself, 
And  opened  her  mouth  without  measure ; 
And  their  glory,  and  their  multitude,  and  their  pomp, 
And  he  that  rejoiceth,  shall  descend  into  it. 


692 


THE  DEAlli  OF  UZZIAH. 


[Period  VI. 


•■  Or,  Vie  holy 
Ood.   Heb.  the 
Ood  the  holy. 


a  Or,  vice.— Ed. 

b  i.  e.  that  draw 
iniquity  and  sin 
after  them,  as  it 
ere,  by  the 


were,  ny 
wagon-Io 


Ed. 

r  Je.  17.  15.  Am. 
5.  18.  2  Pe.  3.  3, 
4. 

f  Heb.  say  con- 
cerning evil.  It 
is  good.  Sic. 


s  Pr.  3.  7.  Ro.  1. 

?2.  &  12.  16. 
t  Heb.  brfvre 

their  face. 


*  Heb.  the  tongue 
of  fire. 


»Job  18.  16.  Ho. 
9.  16.  Am.  2.  9. 


p2Ki,22.  13,17. 

to  Je.  4.  24. 
t  Or,  03  dung. 
X  he.  26.  14,  &c. 


y  Da.  5. 


a  Je.  4.  23.  La.  3. 
2.  Ez.  32.  7,  8. 

I  Or,  distress. 

*  Or,  WACK  it  is 
light,  it  sliall  be 
dark  in  the  de- 
slruclXons  there- 
of 


SECT.   V. 

A.  M.  3253. 
B.  C.  751. 
Hales,  757. 


^^  And  the  mean  man  shall  be  brought  down, 

And  the  mighty  man  shall  be  humbled, 

And  the  eyes  of  the  lofty  shall  be  humbled  : 
^^  But  the  Lord  of  hosts  shall  be  e.xalted  in  judgment. 

And  *God  that  is  holy  shall  be  sanctified  in  righteousness. 
^^  Then  shall  the  lambs  feed  after  their  manner, 

And  the  waste  places  of  the  fat  ones  shall  strangers  eat. 
^^  Woe  unto  them  that  draw  iniquity  with  cords  of  *vanity. 

And  sin  as  it  were  with  a  cart-rope  -y 
^^  That  "say.  Let  Him  make  speed,  and  hasten  his  work, 

That  we  may  see  it : 

And  let  the  counsel  of  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  draw  nigh  and  come. 

That  we  may  know  it ! 
^^  Woe  unto  them  that  tcall  evil  good,  and  good  evil; 

That  put  darkness  for  light,  and  light  for  darkness  ; 

That  put  bitter  for  sweet,  and  sweet  for  bitter ! 
^^  Woe  unto  them  that  are  'wise  in  their  own  eyes, 

And  prudent  tin  their  own  sight ! 
^^  Woe  unto  them  that  are  mighty  to  drink  wine, 

And  men  of  strength  to  mingle  strong  drink  : 
^■^  Which  'justify  the  wicked  for  reward, 

And  take  away  the  righteousness  of  the  righteous  from  him  ! 
^^  Therefore  as  *the  fire  devoureth  the  stubble. 

And  the  flame  consumeth  the  chaff". 

So  "their  root  shall  be  as  rottenness, 

And  their  blossom  shall  go  up  as  dust  : 

Because  they  have  cast  away  the  law  of  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

And  despised  the  word  of  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 
2^  Therefore  "is  the  anger  of  the  Lord  kindled  against  his  people, 

And  he  hath  stretched  forth  his  hand  against  them, 

And  hath  smitten  them  :  and  "the  hills  did  tremble. 

And  their  carcasses  were  ttorn  in  the  midst  of  the  streets. 

For  'all  this  his  anger  is  not  turned  away, 

But  his  hand  is  stretched  out  still. 

^^  And  he  will  lift  up  an  ensign  to  the  nations  from  far, 

And  will  hiss  unto  them  from  the  end  of  the  earth : 

And,  behold,  they  shall  come  with  speed  swiftly. 
^'  None  shall  be  weary  nor  stumble  among  them  ; 

None  shall  slumber  nor  sleep ; 

Neither  ^shall  the  girdle  of  their  loins  be  loosed, 

Nor  the  latchet  of  their  shoes  be  broken : 
^^  Whose  "arrows  are  sharp. 

And  all  their  bows  bent. 

Their  horses'  hoofs  shall  be  counted  like  flint, 

And  their  wheels  like  a  whirlwind. 
^^  Their  roaring  shall  be  like  a  lion. 

They  shall  roar  like  young  lions  : 

Yea,  they  shall  roar,  and  lay  hold  of  the  prey, 

And  shall  carry  it  away  safe,  and  none  shall  deliver  it. 
^^  And  in  that  day  they  shall  roar  against  them  like  the  roaring  of  the 

And  if  one  "look  unto  the  land,  behold  darkness  and  tsorrow,  [sea; 

*And  the  light  is  darkened  in  the  heavens  thereof! 

Section   V. —  The  Death  of  Uzziah. 
2  Chron.  xxvi.  22,  23.-2  Kings  .\iv.  21,  22.  and  xv.  2-7. 

"  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Uzziah.  first  and  last,  did  "Isaiah  the 
prophet,  the  son  of  Amoz,  write.  ^^  So  Uzziah  slept  with  his  fathers, 


Part  X.] 


HOSEA'S  FIRST  APPEAL  TO  THE  TEN  TRIBES. 


693 


and  they  buried  him  with  his  fathers  in  the  field  of  the  burial  which 
belonged  to  the  kings ;  (for  they  said,  "  He  is  a  leper ;  ")  and  Jotham 
his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

6  2  Ki.  15.  13,  &        2  Kings  xiv.  21,  22. — *'  And  all  the  people  of  Judali  took  ^Azariah,  which  was  sixteen 
is  called  t/zzioA.  years  old,  and  made  him  king  instead  of  his  fatlier  Amaziah.  ^^  He  built  Elath,  and  re- 
stored it  to  Judah,  after  that  the  king  slept  with  his  fathers. 

2  Kings  xv.  2-7. — -  Sixteen  years  old  was  he  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he  reigned 
two  and  fifty  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name  was  Jecholiah  of  Jerusalem. 
3  And  he  did  that  which  was  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  according  to  all  that  his  father 
Amaziah  had  done  ;  *  save  that  the  high  places  were  not  removed  :  the  people  sacrificed 
and  burnt  incense  still  on  the  high  places. 

^  And  the  Lord  smote  the  king,  so  that  he  was  a  leper  unto  the  day  of  his  death,  and 
dwelt  in  a  several  house.  And  Jotham  the  king's  son  was  over  the  house,  judging  the 
people  of  the  land.  ^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Azariah,  and  all  that  he  did,  are  they  not 
written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  ?  ^  So  Azariah  slept  with  his 

fathers  ;  and  they  buried  him  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David.     And  Jotham  his  son 

reigned  in  his  stead. 


PORTION  II. 

A.  M.  3195. 
B.  C.  809. 
Hales,  793. 


Part  X. — Portion  II. 

EVENTS  IN  THE  KINGDOM  OF  ISRAEL,  CONTEMPORARY  WITH  UZZIAH 
KING  OF  JUDAH. 

Section  I. 


Reign  of  Jeroboam  the  Second,  cojicliided. 
2  Kings  xiv.  25-27. 
^^  ''He  restored  the  coast  of  Israel  from  the   entering  of  Hamath 
unto  the  Sea  of  the  Plain,  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord  God 
ii°"3'9''y  called  ^^  Israel,  which  he  spake  by  the  hand  of  his  servant  "Jonah,  the  son 
'     '    '          of  Ainittai,  the   prophet,  which  was  of  Gath-hepher.  ~*^  For  the  Lord 
saw  the  affliction  of  Israel,  that  it  was  very  bitter ;  for  Hhere  was  not 
any  shut  up,  nor  any  left,  nor  any  helper  for  Israel.  ^^  And   the  Lord 
said  not  that  he  would  blot  out  the  name  of  Israel  from  under  heaven  ; 
but  he  saved  them  by  the  hand  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Joash. 


1  i.  e.  Jeroboam 
II.— Ed. 


Jonas, 
b  De.  32.  36. 


Section  II. — Hosea's  First  Appeal  to  the  Ten  Tribes.''^^^ 

THE  BEGINNING  OF  THE  BOOK  OF  THE  PROPHET  HOSEA. 

Chap,  i.,  ii.  and  iii. 
Hosea,  to  show  God's  judgment  for  spiritual  whoredom,  taketh  Gomer,  4  and  hath  htj  her  Jezreel, 
6  Lo-ruhamah,  8  and  Lo-ammi.  10  The  restoration  of  Judah  and  Israel.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  The 
idolatry  of  the  people.  6  God's  judgments  against  them.  14,  His  promises  of  reconciliation 
with  them. — Chap.  iii.  1  £ij  tJie  expiation  of  an  adulteress,  4:  is  showed  the  desolation  of  Israel 
before  their  restoration. 

^  The  Word  of  the  Lord  that  came  unto  Hosea,  the   Son  of 
Beeri,  in  the  days  of  Uzziah,  Jotham,  Ahaz,  and  Hezekiah, 
Kings  of    Judah,  and  in    the    days   of  Jeroboam  the   Son  of 
Joash,  King  of  Israel. 
^  The    beginning   of  the  word  of  the  Lord  by  Hosea.     And  the 

Lord  said  to  Hosea,  "  Go,  take  unto  thee  a  wife  of  M^horedoms  and 


(-')  The  first  three  chapters  of  Hosea  are  inserted 
here,  on  the  joint  authorities  of  Dr.  Wells,  Blair, 
Dr.  Gray,  Lightfoot,  Taylor,  and  the  introductory 
verse.  Hosea  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  most 
ancient  of  the  minor  prophets.  The  general  scope 
of  this  prophet's  predictions  is  supposed  by  all  com- 
mentators to  be,  1.  Partly  to  detect,  reprove,  and 
convince  the  Jewish  nation  generally,  and  the  Isra- 
elites in  particular,  of  their  many  and  heinous  sins, 
especially  of  their  gross  idolatry  :  the  corrupt  state 
of  the  kingdom  is  also  incidentally  noticed  : — 2. 
Partly  to  denounce  the  imminent  and  utter  rejec- 
tion, final  captivity,  and  destruction  of  the  Israelites 
by  the  Assyrians  (if  the  former  persisted  in  their 
v.icked  career),  notwithstanding  all  their  vain  con- 
fidence in  the  assistance  to  be  afforded  them  by 
Egypt :  and.  3.  Partly  to  invite  them  to  repentance, 
with  promises  of  mercy,  and  evangelical  predictions 


of  the  future  restoration  of  the  Israelites  and  Jews, 
and  of  their  ultimate  conversion  to  Christianity. 
Bishop  Horsley,  in  the  introduction  to  his  transla- 
tion of  this  book,  observes,  that  the  prophecies 
ought  by  no  means  to  be  limited  to  their  inferior 
and  literal  signification.  Acting  upon  that  system 
of  interpretation  laid  down  in  his  beautiful  sermon 
on  2  Peter  i.  20,21.."  No  Scripture  is  of  private  in- 
terpretation," or  "No  prophecy  of  Scripture  is  of 
self-interpretation,"  he  shows  that  the  prophecies 
of  Hdsea,  hke  all  others  in  the  volume  of  Scripture, 
are  not  predictions  of  separate  and  independent 
events,  but  are  united  in  a  regular  and  entire  system, 
all  terminating  in  one  great  object,  the  promulga- 
tion of  the  Gospel,  and  the  complete  establishment 
of  the  Messiah's  kingdom.  Of  this  system,  every 
particular  prophecy  makes  a  part,  and  bears  a  more 
immediate  or  more  remote  relation  to  that  which  is 


6  2Ki.  10.  11 
*  Heb.  vuU. 


694  HOSEA'S  FIRST  APPEAL  TO  THE  TEN  TRIBES.     [Period  VI. 

"g^iaf'^^""'^'    children  of  whoredoms;  for  "the  land  hath  committed  great   whore- 
dom, departing  from  the  Lord." 

2  So  he  went  and  took  Gomer  the  daughter  of  Diblaim  ;    which 
conceived  and  bare  him  a  son.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Call 
his  name   Jezreel ;  for  yet  a  little  while  'and  I  will  *aveuge  the  blood 
2  Ki.'  i5!7o,  12.  of  Jezreel  upon  the  house  of  Jehu,  'and  will  cause  to  cease  the  king- 
<i2Ki.  15.29.      dom  of  the  house  of  Israel.  ^  And  "^it  shall  come  to  pass  at  that  day, 
that  I  will  break  the  bow  of  Israel  in  the  valley  of  Jezreel." 

•^  And  she  conceived  again,  and  bare  a  daughter.  And  God  said 
^^mnj'o'b'^hld  ""^°  '^''"'  "  ^'^"  ''^'"  "^'"^  fLo-ruhamah  :  for  tl  will  no  more  have 
■mercy.  mcrcy  upon  the  house  of  Israel  ;  *but  I  will  utterly  take  them  away. 

^^^a4ZZZ\   ''  But  'I  will  have  mercy  upon  the  house  of  Judah,  and  will  save  them 
2Ki.  17. 0,23.    by  the  Lord  their  God,  and  -^will  not  save  them  by  bow,  nor  bv  sword, 

*  Or,  that  I  should  ii,,iii  ii  ,,  •'  '  ^  ' 

altogether  pardon  uor  by  battlc,  by  horses,  nor  by  horsemen. 

e  2  Ki.  19. 35.  ^  ^^^^  whew  shc  had  weaned  Lo-ruhamah,  she  conceived,  and  bare 

/ze.4.  c.  &9.  a  son.  ^  Then  said  God,  "  Call  his  name  tLo-ammi ;  for  ye  are  not 
tThatu,jvo«my  ^X  P^ople,  ^ud  I  will  uot  be  your  God.  ^^  Yet  ^the  number  of  the 

yeopu.  '  children  of  Israel  shall  be  as  the  sand  of  the  sea,  which  cannot  be 

^9%%}^'  ^°'  measured  nor  numbered  ;  "and  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  tin  the  place 
Ype'^2^o~*^'  ^^^^^^  ^t  was  said  unto  them,  '  Ye  are  not  my  people,'  there  it  shall  be 
loCin^teadof  ^^^'^  "uto  thcin,  Yc'arc  the  sons  of  the  living  God.  ^^  Then  ^shall 
.""'•    ^  the  children  of  Judah  and  the  children  of  Israel  be  gathered  together, 

'3.°!.  ■  "■  "'  and  appoint  themselves  one  head,  and  they  shall  come  up  out  of  the 
•'je!  3!'i8\z%4   '^"^  J  ^or  great  shall  be  the  day  of  Jezreel." 

23.'    "      " 

*!<.'';«''' "^^^  ^  ^^y  y^  ^n^o  your  brethren,  *Ammi :  Chap.  ii. 

t  Thai  is,  Having       And  to  your  sisters,  tRuhamah. 

obtained  mercy.         2  pjg^J  ^Jj}^  j.^^r  mOlhcr,   plead; 

For  she  is  not  my  wife. 

Neither  am  I  her  husband  : 

Let  her  therefore  put  aw^ay  her  whoredoms  out  of  her  sight, 

And  her  adulteries  from  between  her  breasts ; 
^  Lest  I  strip  her  naked. 

And  set  her  as  in  the  day  that  she  was  born. 

And  make  her  as  a  wilderness, 

And  set  her  like  a  dryland, 

And  slay  her  with  thirst, 
i  Jo.  8. 41.  *  "^"^  ^  ^'^^  "*^t  have  mercy  upon  her  children  ; 

1 19. 1. 21.  je.  3.        For  they  be  the  'children  of  whoredoms. 
i(i.''i5,'&c^'''       ^  For  'their  mother  hath  played  the  harlot: 

the  great  object  of  the  whole.  Acting  upon  the  what  with  all  the  prophets  was  the  principal,  with 
principles  thus  clearly  laid  down,  the  Bishop  ob-  him  is  the  single  subject.  It  might  have  been  ex- 
serves,  "  A  prejudice,  which  for  a  long  time  pos-  pected,  that  when  once  the  principle  was  understood 
sessed  the  minds  of  Oiristians,  against  the  literal  to  be  false,  a  better  system  of  interpretation  would 
sense  of  the  prophecies  relating  to  the  future  exal-  have  been  immediately  adopted.  But  this  has  only 
tation  of  the  Jewish  nation,  gave  occasion  to  a  false  partially  taken  place.  Expositions  of  many  pas- 
scheme  of  interpretation  ;  which,  assuming  it  as  a  sages  upon  the  erroneous  scheme  had  obtained  a 
principle,  that  ])rophecy,  under  the  old  dispensa-  general  currency  in  the  world,  and  were  supported 
tion,  looked  forvyard  to  nothing  beyond  the  abroga-  by  the  authority  of  gn^at  names.  Among  ourselves, 
tion  of  the  Mosaic  ritual  and  the  dispersion  of  the  it  has  long  been  the  persuasion  of  our  best  biblical 
Jews  by  the  Romans,  either  wrested  every  thing  to  scholars  and  ablest  divines,  that  the  restoration  of 
the  history  antecedent  to  that  epoch,  and,  generally,  the  Jews  is  a  principal  article  of  the  prophecy,  being 
as  near  as  possible  to  the  prophet's  times  (as  if  it  indeed  a  principal  branch  of  tJie  great  scheme  of 
were  not  the  gift  and  business  of  a  prophet  to  see  general  redemption.  Notwithstanding  this,  we  have 
far  before  him),  or,  by  figurative  interpretations,  for  followed  expositors  who  had  a  contrary  prejudice, 
the  most  part  forced  and  unnatural,  applied  what  with  too  much  deference  to  their  authority ;  and, 
could  not  be  so  wrested  to  tiie  Christian  Church  :  discarding  their  principle,  have,  in  too  many  in- 
and  rarely  to  the  Christian  Church  on  earth,  but  to  stances,  sitten  down  content  with  the  interpretations 
the  condition  of  the  glorified  saints  in  heaven.  This  they  have  given  us."— Bishop  Horsley  on  Hosea. 
method  of  exposition,  while  it  prevailed  generally.  The  whole  of  this  translation,  the  introduction,  and 
and  it  is  not  yet  sufficiently  exploded,  wrapped  the  the  notes,  are  well  worthy  the  study  of  the  biblical 
writings  of  all  the  prophets  in  tenfold  obscurity,  reader, 
and  those  of  Hosea  more  than  the  rest.     Because, 


Part  X.]  HOSEA'S  FIRST  APPEAL  TO  THE  TRIBES.  OSlg 

She  that  conceived  them  hath  done  shamefully  ; 

For  she  said,  I  will  go  after  my  lovers, 

That  give  me  my  bread  and  my  water, 
t  Heb.  drinks.  ]y[y  vvool  and  my  flax,  mine  oil  and  my  tdrink. 

"i9°8^Lf'3%  "^  Therefore,  behold  !  "I  will  hedge  up  thy  way  with  thorns, 

9.'     '  '  '         And  *make  a  wall, 

*Heh.  wall  awall.  'pjj^^j  g|^g   g}^j^ll   j^qJ  fj^^J  ^g,.  paths. 

'  And  she  shall  follow  after  her  lovers — 

But  she  shall  not  overtake  them  ; 

And  she  shall  seek  them — but  shall  not  find  them : 
nLu,  15. 18.  Then  shall  she  say,  "I  will  go  and  return  to  my  first  husband ; 

For  then  was  it  better  with  me  than  now. 
t  Heb.  new  wine.  8  Yqv  she  did  iiot  Ivuow  that  I  gavc  her  corn,  and  twine,  and  oil. 

And  multiplied  her  silver  and  gold, 
X  Or,  mcrewuh         t Which  thcy  prepared  for  Baal. 

tlicy  made  Baal.        n  ^f^\  r  -iiT  ii  •!• 

^  Ihereiore  will  1  return,  and  take  away  my  corn  m  the  time  thereof, 

And  my  wine  in  the  season  thereof, 
*oi,  take  awaij.        A,-,fj  y^[\\  *recover  my  wool  and  my  flax 

Given  to  cover  her  nakedness. 
^maiw'^"^'  °''     ^°  A"d  now  will  I  discover  her  ilewdness  in  the  sight  of  her  lovers, 

And  none  shall  deliver  her  out  of  my  hand. 
oAm.  8. 10.         n  I  "will  also  cause  all  her  mirth  to  cease, 
yiKi.  12. 32.  Uej-  '' feast-days,  her  new-moons,  and  her  Sabbaths, 

And  all  her  solemn  feasts. 
\att'  ""^'  **""  ^^  -^"^  ^  ^^^'  tdestroy  her  vines  and  her  fig  trees, 

Whereof  she  hath  said,  These  are  my  rewards 

That  my  lovers  have  given  me  : 

'iB%®5  ^'^'  ^^'         ^"*^  '^  ^'^^^  "^^^^  ^^^^  ^  forest, 

And  the  beasts  of  the  field  shall  eat  them. 
^^  And  I  will  visit  upon  her  the  days  of  Baalim, 

Wherein  she  burned  incense  to  them. 

And  she  decked  herself  with  her  earrings  and  her  jewels. 

And  she  went  after  her  lovers. 

And  forgat  me,  saith  the  Lord. 

^^  Therefore,  behold,  I  will  allure  her, 

And  bring  her  into  the  wilderness, 
*Heb^u,7^^'  "^"^  speak  *comfortably  unto  her. 

iteart.  15  ^j^^j  J  ^jjj  gjyg  j^gj.  j^gj.  yincyards  from  thence, 

'■gJ°^-J'-26-  Is-         And  '"the  Valley  of  Achor  for  a  door  of  hope  : 
sje.2. 2.  Ez.  And  she  shall  sing  there,  as  in  *the  days  of  her  youth, 

16.8,22,60.  ^j^jj  tj^g  jj-j  |.j-jg  ^^^y  when  she  came  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 

^^  And  it  shall  be  at  that  day,  saith  the  Lord, 
^Thutis,M,j  That  thou  shalt  call  me  fishi  ; 

%  That  is.  My  And  shalt  call  me  no  more  tBaali. 

''Z''"  oo  ,o  T      ^^  For  "I  will  take  away  the  names  of  Baalim  out  of  her  mouth, 

V,  Ex.  23. 13.  Jos.  A       ,     ,  ,     1,  •'  ^  1111- 

23. 7.  ze.  13. 2.        And  they  shall  no  more  be  remembered  by  their  name. 

Vi°'6^9^e/^3i    '^  ^^^  '"  ^^^^*  ^^y  ^^''^'  ^  make  "a  covenant  for  them 
So!     '     '    ■        With  the  beasts  of  the  field. 

And  with  the  fowls  of  heaven. 

And  with  the  creeping  things  of  the  ground  : 
'4.^Ez^39^9^To^"       ^'^*i  ""^  will  break  the  bow  and  the  sword  and  the  battle  out  of  the 
'^<'-  9-  i"-  '  And  will  make  them  ""to  lie  down  safely.  [earth, 

\Ccu  '  '  ^'     ^^  And  I  will  betroth  thee  unto  me  for  ever  ; 

Yea,  I  will  betroth  thee  unto  me  in  righteousness,  and  in  judgment, 

And  in  lovingkindness,  and  in  mercies. 
^'^  I  will  even  betroth  thee  unto  me  in  faithfulness  ; 
Vo!n  s'"' ^''         And  ^thou  shalt  know  the  Lord. 


696 


z  Je.  31.  27. 
10.9. 

a  Ze.  13.  9. 
9.  26.  1  Pe. 
10. 


AMOS  DENOUNCES  JUDGMENT  AGAINST  ISRAEL.     [Period  VI. 

^^  And  it  shall  come  to  ))ass  in  that  day,  I  will  hear,  saith  the  Lord, 

I  will  hear  the  heavens, 

And  they  shall  hear  the  earth  ; 
~-  And  the  earth  shall  hear  the  corn,  and  the  wine,  and  the  oil ; 

And  they  shall  hear  Jezrecl. 
-^  And  'I  will  sow  her  unto  me  in  the  earth  ; 

And  I  will  have  mercy  upon  her  that  had  not  obtained  mercy  ; 

And  I  "will  say  to  them  which  were  not  my  people.  Thou  art  my 

And  they  shall  say,  Thou  art  my  God.  [people  ; 


*  Heb.  grapes. 
t  Heb.  lethech. 


I  Heb.  a  standing, 
or,  slatue,  or, 
pillar.  Is.  19.  19. 

6  Ex  23.6 

eJu.  17.  5. 

dJe.  50.  4,  5. 

e  Je.  30.  9.  Ez. 
34.  23,  24. 


^  Then  said  the  Lord  unto  me,  "  Go  yet,  love  a  woman  Chap.  iii. 
beloved  of  her  friend,  yet  an  adulteress,  according  to  the  love  of  the  Lord 
toward  the  children  of  Israel,  who  look  to  other  gods,  and  love  flagons 
of  *wine."  -  So  I  bought  her  to  me  for  fifteen  pieces  of  silver,  and  for 
a  homer  of  barley,  and  a  thalf  homer  of  barley  ;  ^  and  I  said  unto 
her,  "  Thou  shalt  abide  for  me  many  days ;  thou  shalt  not  play  the 
harlot,  and  thou  shalt  not  be  for  another  man  :  so  will  I  also  be  for  thee." 

'*  For  the  children  of  Israel  shall  abide  many  days  without  a  king, 
and  withouta  prince,  and  without  a  sacrifice,  and  without  tan  image,  and 
without  an  'ephod,  and  without  "teraphim  :  ^  afterward  shall  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  return,  and  "seek  the  Lord  their  God,  and  'David  their 
king ;  and  shall  fear  the  Lord  and  iiis  goodness  in  the  latter  days. 


SECT.  III. 

A.  M.  3211. 
B.  C.  793. 
Hales,  793. 


Section  III. — Amos  denounces  Judgment  against  the  neighbouring  Nations, 
and  against  Israel  and  JudahS^^'' 

THE   BEGIN]NING  OF  THE   BOOK    OF    THE    PROPHET   AMOS. 

Chap.  i.  to  vii.  1-9. 
Amos  showeth  God's  juds^ment  upon  Sijria,  6  upon  the  Philistines,  9  upon  Tyrus,  1 1  upon  Edom, 
13  upon  Amnion.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  God's  icrath  against  Moab,  4r  upon  Judah,  6  and  upon  Israel. 
9  God  complaineth  of  their  unthankfulness.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  The  necessity  of  God's  judgment 
against  Israel.  9  The  publication  of  it,  with  the  causes  the?-eof.  —  Chap  iv.  1  He  reproveth  Is- 
rael for  oppression,  i  for  idolatry,  6  and  for  their  incorrigibleness. — Chap.  v.  1  A  lamentation 
for  Israel.  4  An  exhortation  to  repentance.  21  God  rejecteth  their  hypocritical  service.  —  Chap, 
vi.  1  The  icantonness  of  Israel,  1  shall  be  plagued  with  desolation,  V2.  and  their  incorrigibleness. 
—  Chap.  vii.  1  The  judgments  of  the  gras.'shoppers,  'i  and  of  the  fire,  ai-e  dircrted  by  the  prayer 
of  Amos.     7  Bij  the  wall  of  a  plumbline  is  signified  the  rejection  of  Israel. 

^  The  Words  of  Amos,  who  was  among  the   Herdmen  of  Tekoa, 
which   he    saw  concerning    israel  in  the  days  of  uzziah 
King  of    Judah,  and  in  the  days   of   Jeroboam  the  Son  of 
JoASH  King  of  Israel,  two  years  before  the  "Earthquake. 
^  And  he  said.  The  Lord  will  ''roar  from  Zion, 

And  utter  his  voice  from  Jerusalem  ; 

And  the  habitations  of  the  shepherds  shall  mourn. 

And  the  top  of  Carmel  shall  wither. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

For  three  transgressions  of  Damascus, 


(--)  A  mos  prophesied  two  years  before  the  earth- 
qualce  which  devastated  Judeea  in  the  days  of  Uzziah, 
but  we  have  no  means  of  ascertaining  the  e.vact 
year  in  which  this  event  took  place.  It  is  generally 
referred  by  commentators  to  the  year  when  that 
prince  usurped  the  sacerdotal  office,  by  attempting 
to  offer  incense.  Dr.  Hales  supi)oses  it  occurred 
in  the  year  when  Uzziah  was  struck  with  leprosy  ; 
fixing  it  as  the  twenty-fourth  of  his  reign.  Others 
again  conjecture,  that  the  king  was  not  afflicted 
with  this  disease  till  about  seven  years  before  his 
death.  But  the  earthquake  could  not  then  have 
happened,  as  Amos  prophesied  during  the  life  of 
Jeroboam  the  Second,  who  must  have  been  long 
dead  at  this  period  of  Uzziah's  reign.  It  must, 
therefore,  have  occurred,  either  in  the  last  year  of 
Jeroboam  the  Second's  reign,  or  in   the  year  after 


his  death.  An  eminent  commentator  is  of  opinion 
that  the  prophet  Amos  (in  chap.  viii.  9,  10)  fore- 
tells that,  during  their  solemn  festivals,  the  sun 
should  be  darkened  by  an  eclipse,  which  in  those 
days  was  accounted  ominous,  and  should  turn  their 
joy  into  mourning.  According  to  Archbishop 
Usher,  about  eleven  years  after  Amos  prophesied 
(A.  M.  .321 S,)  there  were  two  great  eclipses  of  the 
sun,  one  at  the  feast  of  Tabernacles,  the  other  at 
the  time  of  the  Passover.  Dr.  Hales  coincides  with 
this  opinion  ;  and  fixes,  accordingly,  the  date  of 
Amos's  prediction  in  the  year  B.  C.  "711.3.  The  first 
chapters  of  Amos  are  inserted  here  on  the  joint 
authorities  of  Archbishop  Usher,  Dr.  Hales,  Taylor, 
Liglitfoot,  and  Dr.  Gray.  On  the  authority  of 
Lightfoot,  I  have  placed  the  latter  part  of  the 
prophecy  a  few  years  later. 


Part  X.] 


*Or,  Yea,  for 
four. 

f  Or,  convert  it, 
or,  let  it  be  quiet  : 
and  so  ver.  6, 
&c. 
c  2  Ki.  10.  33.  & 

13.7. 
d  Je.  17.  27. 
eJe.  51.30.  La. 

2.9. 

J  Or,  Bikath-anen. 
*  Or.  Beth-eden. 
/Fulfilled,  2  Ki. 

16.  9. 
ff  2  Ch.  28.  18. 

Is.  14.  29.  Je. 

47.4,5.  Ez.  25. 

15.  Zep.  2.  4. 
■f  Or,  carried  them 

aicay  witli  an 

entire  captivity, 

2  Ch.  21.  16,  17. 

Joel  3.  6. 
h  Zee.  9.  5,  6. 


i  Is.  23.  1.  Er. 
xxvi.  &•  xxvii. 
&.  xxviii.  Joel  3. 
4,5. 


J  Heb.  the  cove- 
nant of  brethren, 
2Sa.  5.  U.lKi. 
5.  1.  &9.  11-14. 


i  Is.  21.  11.  &  34. 
5.  Je.  49.  8,  &c 
Ez.  25.  12-14.  & 
35.  2,  itc.  Joel 
3.  19.  Ob.  l,&c. 
Wal.  1.  4. 

k  Ge.  27.  41.   De. 
23.  7.  Will.  1.  2. 

I  2  Ch.  28.  17. 

*  Heb.  corrupted 
his  compassions. 

m  Ob.  9,  10. 


nJe.  49.  1,2. 

Ez.  25.  2.  Zep. 

2.9. 
■f  Or,  divided  the 

mountains.  Ho. 

13.  16. 
0  Je.  49.  1. 
«De.  3.  11.  2Sa, 

12.  26,  Je.  49.  2, 

Ez.  25.  5. 


0  Is.  XV.  &  xvi. 

Jo.  xlviii.  Ez. 

25.  8.  Zep.  2.  8, 
r  2  Ki.  3.  27. 


AMOS  DENOUNCES  JUDGMENT  AGAINST  GAZA,  &c. 


697 


*And  for  four,  I  will  not  tturn  away  the  punishment  thereof; 
Because  ^they  have  threshed  Gilead  with  threshing  instruments  ot 

4  But  ''I  will  send  a  fire  into  the  house  of  Hazael,  [iron  : 
Which  shall  devour  the  palaces  of  Ben-hadad. 

5  I  will  break  also  "the  bar  of  Damascus, 

And  cut  off  the  inhabitant  from  tthe  plain  of  Aven, 
And  him  that  holdeth  the  sceptre  from  nhe  house  of  Lden  : 
And  ^the  people  of  Syria  shall  go  into  captivity  unto  Kir,  saith  the 
6  Thus  saith  the  Lord,       ^  I-    °^^' 

For  three  transgressions  of  ^Gaza,  ,         r 

And  for  four.  I  will  not  turn  away  the  punishment  thereot ; 
Because  they  tcarried  away  captive  the  whole  captivity, 
To  deliver  them  up  to  Edom : 

7  But  I  will  send  a  fire  on  the  wall  of  Gaza, 
Which  shall  devour  the  palaces  thereof; 

8  And  I  will  cut  off  the  inhabitant  'from  Ashdod, 
And  him  that  holdeth  the  sceptre  from  Ashkelon, 

And  I  will  turn  my  hand  against  Ekron  ;  ■  ,u  .u    i  r.rA  C  ^r. 

And  the  remnant  of  the  Philistines  shall  perish,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

9  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
For  three  transgressions  of  'Tyrus,  ,,         f 

And  for  four,  I  will  not  turn  away  the  punishment  thereot ; 
Because  thev  delivered  up  the  whole  captivity  to  Edom, 
And  remembered  not  tthe  brotherly  covenant : 
10  But  I  will  send  a  fire  on  the  wall  of  Tyrus, 

Which  «^-d\  devour  the  palaces  thereof. 
11  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

For  three  transgressions  of  ■'Edom, 

And  for  four,  I  will  not  turn  away  the  punishment  thereot ; 

Because  he  did  pursue  Miis  brother  'with  the  sword, 

And  *did  cast  off  all  pity. 

And  his  anger  did  tear  perpetually. 

And  he  kept  his  wrath  for  ever ; 

12  But  "T  will  send  a  fire  upon  Teman, 
Which  shall  devour  the  palaces  of  Bozrah. 

13  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

For  three  transgressions  of  "the  children  of  Ammon, 
And  for  four,  I  will  not  turn  away  the  punishment  thereot ; 
Because  they  have  tripped  up  the  women  with  child  ot  Gilead, 
That  "they  mi^ht  enlarge  their  border : 

14  But  I  will  kindle  a  fire  in  the  wall  of  Kabbah,  ....  . 
And  it  shall  devour  the  palaces  thereof,  with  shouting  in  the  day  ot 
With  a  tempest  in  the  day  of  the  whirlwind  ;  [battle, 

15  And  their  king  shall  go  into  captivity. 

He  and  his  princes  together,  saith  the  Lord.  ^^^^   ..^ 

1  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
For  three  transgressions  of  'Moab, 

And  for  four,  I  will  not  turn  away  the  punishment  thereo  ; 
Because  'he  burned  the  bones  of  the  king  of  Edom  into  lime: 

2  But  I  will  send  a  fire  upon  Moab, 

And  it  shall  devour  the  palaces  of  'Kirioth  ; 

And  Moab  shall  die  with  tumult, 

With  shouting,  and  with  the  sound  of  the  trumpet ; 

3  And  I  will  cut  off  the  judge  from  the  midst  thereof, 

And  will  slay  all  the  princes  thereof  with  him,  saith  the  Lord. 

4  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
For  three  transgressions  of  Judah, 

88  3^ 


AMOS  DENOUNCES  JUDGMENT  AGAINST  ISRAEL.         [Period  V?. 


t  Le.  26.  14, 15. 
Ne.  I.  7.  Da.  9. 
11. 

It  Is.  28.  15.  Ro. 


IB  Je.  17.  27.  Ho. 
8.  14. 


J  Or,  young 


yEx.  S.26. 
z  Ez.  23.  41. 

1  Co.  8.  10.  & 

10.  21. 
*  Or,  such  as 

have  fined,  or, 

mulcted. 
a  Nu.  21.24.  Jos, 

24.8. 
6  Ex.  12.  51. 

Mic.  6.  4. 
cDe.  2.  7.  &8.2. 


d  Nu.  6.  2.  Ju. 
13.5. 


■f  Or,  Itcill  press 
your  place,  as  a 
cart  full  of 
sheaves  presselli. 

«Je.  9.  23. 


t  Heb.  kis  soul, 
or,  life. 


*  Heb.  strong  of 
his  heart. 


/De. 
147. 

7.  6.  Ps 
19,  20. 

2.9. 

!  Da.  9. 
.11.22. 
1  Pe.  4 

12. 
Ro. 
.  17. 

t  Heb.  viiit  upon. 

t  Heb.  giteforth 
his  voice. 


And  for  four,  I  will  not  turn  away  the  punishment  thereof  j 
Because  'they  have  despised  the  law  of  the  Lord, 
And  have  not  kept  his  commandments, 
And  "their  lies  caused  them  to  err, 
After  "the  which  their  fathers  have  walked : 
^  But  '"I  will  send  a  fire  upon  Judah, 
And  it  shall  devour  the  palaces  of  Jerusalem. 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
For  three  transgressions  of  Israel, 

And  for  four,  I  will  not  turn  away  the  punishment  thereof: 
Because  they  sold  the  righteous  for  silver, 
And  the  poor  for  a  pair  of  shoes  ; 
'  That  pant  after  the  dust  of  the  earth  on  the  head  of  the  poor. 
And  turn  aside  the  way  of  the  meek  ; 
And  a  man  and  his  father  will  go  in  unto  the  same  tmaid. 
To  ""profane  my  holy  name ; 
^  And  they  lay  themselves  down  upon  clothes  ^laid  to  pledge  by  "every 
And  they  drink  the  wine  of  *the  condemned  [altar. 

In  the  house  of  their  god. 

^  Yet  destroyed  I  the  "Amorite  before  them. 
Whose  height  was  like  the  height  of  the  cedars. 
And  he  was  strong  as  the  oaks ; 

Yet  I  destroyed  his  fruit  from  above,  and  his  roots  from  beneath. 
^^  Also  'I  brought  you  up  from  the  land  of  Egypt, 
And  ^led  you  forty  years  through  the  wilderness, 
To  possess  the  land  of  the  Amorite. 
^^  And  I  raised  up  of  your  sons  for  prophets. 
And  of  your  young  men  for  "Nazarites. 
Is  it  not  even  thus,  O  ye  children  of  Israel  ?  saith  the  Lord. 
^2  But  ye  gave  the  Nazarites  wine  to  drink ; 
And  commanded  the  prophets. 
Saying,  "  Prophesy  not." 

^^  Behold,  tl  am  pressed  under  you. 

As  a  cart  is  pressed  that  is  full  of  sheaves. 

^^  Therefore  'the  flight  shall  perish  from  the  swift, 

And  the  strong  shall  not  strengthen  his  force, 

Neither  shall  the  mighty  deliver  thimself ; 

^^  Neither  shall  he  stand  that  handleth  the  bow. 

And  he  that  is  swift  of  foot  shall  not  deliver  himself; 
Neither  shall  he  that  rideth  the  horse  deliver  him.self. 
^^  And  he  that  is  *courageous  among  the  mighty  Chap.  iii. 

Shall  flee  away  naked  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord. 

^  Hear  this  word  that  the  Lord  hath  spoken  against  you,  O  chil- 
dren of  Israel  I  against  the  whole  family  which  I  brought  up  from  the 
land  of  Egypt,  saying, — 

^  You  -^only  have  I  known 
Of  all  the  families  of  the  earth ; 
Tlierefore  ^I  will  tpunish  you 
For  all  your  iniquities. 

^  Can  two  walk  together, 
E.\cept  they  be  agreed  ? 
^  Will  a  lion  roar  in  the  forest. 
When  he  hath  no  jHey  ? 
Will  a  young  lion  tcry  out  of  his  den, 
If  he  have  taken  nothing? 
^  Can  a  bird  fall  in  a  snare  upon  the  earth, 
Where  no  gin  is  for  him  ? 


Part  X.] 


*  Or,  not  run  to- 
gether. 

t  Or,  shall  not  the 
LORD  do  some- 
what 7 

h  Ge.  6.  13.  &  18. 
17.  P9.25.  14. 
Jo.  15.  15. 

t  Ac.  4.  20.  &.  5. 
20,  29.  1  Co.  9. 
16. 


J  Or,  oppressions. 
*  Or,  spoil. 


3  2  Ki.  17.  3,  6. 
&;  18.  9-11. 


f  Heb.  delivereth. 


J  Or,  on  the  bed'i 
feet. 


*  Or,  punish  Isra- 
afor 


AMOS  DENOUNCES  JUDGMENT  AGAINST  ISRAEL. 


699 


i  Je.  16. 16.  Hab, 
1.  15. 


I  Ez.  12.  5, 12. 


f  Or,  cast  away 

the  things  of  the 

palace, 
m  Ez.  20.  39. 
B  Ho.  4.  15. 

&  12.  11. 
o  Nu.  28.  3,  4. 
p  De.  14.  28. 
J  Heb.  three 

years  of  days. 
*  Heb.  offer  by 

burnins-  Le.  7. 

13.  &  23.  17. 
5  Le.  22.  18,  21. 
t  Heb.  so  ye  love. 


Shall  one  take  up  a  snare  from  the  earth, 

And  have  taken  nothing  at  all  ? 
6  Shall  a  trumpet  be  blown  in  the  city, 

And  the  people  *not  be  afraid  ? 

Shall  there  be  evil  in  a  city, 

And  tthe  Lord  hath  not  done  it  ? 
■^  Surely  the  Lord  God  will  do  nothing, 

But  'he  revealeth  his  secret  unto  his  servants  the  prophets. 
8  The  lion  hath  roared — who  will  not  fear  ? 

The  Lord  God  hath  spoken— who  'can  but  prophesy  ? 
9  Publish  in  the  palaces  at  Ashdod, 

And  in  the  palaces  in  the  land  of  Egypt, 

And  say,  Assemble  yourselves  upon  the  mountains  of  Samaria, 

And  behold  the  great  tumults  in  the  midst  thereof, 

And  the  ^oppressed  in  the  midst  thereof. 

10  For  they  know  not  to  do  right,  saith  the  Lord, 
Who  store  up  violence  and  *  robbery  in  their  palaces. 

11  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

An  ^adversary  there  shall  be  even  round  about  the  land ; 
And  he  shall  bring  down  thy  strength  from  thee, 
And  thy  palaces  shall  be  spoiled. 

12  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

As  the  shepherd  ttaketh  out  of  the  mouth  of  the  hon 

Two  legs,  or  a  piece  of  an  ear  ; 

So  shall  the  children  of  Israel  be  taken  out 

That  dwell  in  Samaria  in  the  corner  of  a  bed, 

And  tin  Damascus  in  a  couch. 

13  Hear  ye,  and  testify  in  the  house  of  Jacob, 
Saith  the  Lord  God,  the  God  of  hosts, 
14  That  in  the  day  that  I  shall  *  visit  the  transgressions  of  Israel  upon 
I  will  also  visit  the  altars  of  Beth-el ;  ^  „        .  '^^l™ 

And  the  horns  of  the  altar  shall  be  cut  off,  and  fall  to  the  ground. 

13  And  I  will  smite  the  winter  house  with  the  summer  house ; 
And  the  houses  of  ivory  shall  perish. 

And  the  great  houses  shall  have  an  end,  saith  the  Lord. 

1  Hear  this  word,  ye  kine  of  Bashan,  ^"*^- '' 
That  are  in  the  mountain  of  Samaria, 

Which  oppress  the  poor,  which  crush  the  needy. 
Which  say  to  their  masters.  Bring,  and  let  us  drink. 

2  The  Lord  God  hath  sworn  by  his  holiness, 
That,  lo !  the  days  shall  come  upon  you. 
That  he  will  take  you  away  "^with  hooks, 
And  your  posterity  with  fishhooks. 

3  And  'ye  shall  go  out  at  the  breaches, 

Every  cow  at  that  which  is  before  her ; 

And  ye  shall  tcast  them  into  the  palace,  saith  the  Lord. 
4  Come  "to  Beth-el,  and  transgress  ; 

At  "Gilgal  multiply  transgression  ; 

And  "bring  your  sacrifices  every  morning. 

And  ''your  tithes  after  tthree  years : 
5  And  *offer  a  sacrifice  of  thanksgiving  with  leaven, 

And  proclaim  and  publish  'the  free  offerings  ;  ^      ^  ^ 

For  tthis  hketh  you,  O  ye  children  of  Israel !  saith  the  Lord  God. 
6  And  I  also  have  given  you  cleanness  of  teeth  in  all  your  cities, 

And  want  of  bread  in  all  your  places  ; 

Yet  have  ye  not  returned  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
■^  And  also  I  have  withholden  the  rain  from  you, 


700 


AJVIOS  DENOUNCES  JUDGMENT  AGAINST  ISRAEL.        [Period  VI. 


J  Or,  The  multi- 
tude of  your  gar- 
dens, ((c.  did  the 
palmerworm,  4'c. 


t  Heb.  jyitA  the 
captivity  of 
your  horses, 
2  Ki.  13.  7. 


a  See  Ge.  19.  ! 
&c. 
tZe.  3.  2.  Ju. ! 


a  See  Ez.  13.  5. 
&  22.  30.  Lu. 
14.  31,  32. 

a  It  is  (iifBcult  to 
say  who  speaks 
this  :  it  might 
come  from  the 
Lord  or  the 
prophet  as  an 
explanatory 
warning,  i.  e. 
And  remember 
whom  it  is  you 
are  to  meet,  viz. 
Him  that  formeth 
the  mountains, 

tLC.—Ell. 


X  Or,  spirit. 
V  Da.  2.  28. 


zSee  Job  9.  9. 


y  Job  36.  34. 


When  there  were  yet  three  months  to  the  harvest ; 

And  I  caused  it  to  rain  upon  one  city, 

And  caused  it  not  to  rain  upon  another  city ; 

One  piece  was  rained  upon, 

And  the  piece  whereupon  it  rained  not  withered. 
^  So  two  or  three  cities  wandered  unto  one  city,  to  drink  water : 

But  they  were  not  satisfied  : 

Yet  have  ye  not  returned  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
^  I  '^have  smitten  you  witli  blasting  and  mildew : 

tWhen  your  gardens  and  your  vineyards 

And  your  fig  trees  and  your  olive  trees  increased, 

The  palmerworm  devoured  them  : 

Yet  have  ye  not  returned  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord. 

^^  I  have  sent  among  you  the  pestilence  *after  the  manner  of  Egypt : 

Your  young  men  have  I  slain  with  the  sword, 

t  And  have  taken  away  your  horses ; 

And  I  have  made  the  stink  of  your  camps    to  come  up  unto  your 

Yet  have  ye  not  returned  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord.  [nostrils : 

^^  I  have  overthrown  some  of  you, 

As  God  overthrew  ''Sodom  and  Gomorrah, 

And  'ye  were  as  a  firebrand  plucked  out  of  the  burning  : 

Yet  have  ye  not  returned  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  Therefore  thus  will  I  do  unto  thee,  O  Israel ! 

And  because  I  will  do  this  unto  thee. 

Prepare  "to  meet  thy  God,  O  Israel ! 
^^  ^For,  lo !  He  that  formeth  the  mountains,  and  createth  the  twind,. 

And  "declareth  unto  man  what  is  his  thought, 

That  maketh  the  morning  darkness. 

And  treadeth  upon  the  high  places  of  the  earth, 

The  Lord,  The  God  of  Hosts,  is  his  name. 

^  Hear  ye  this  word  which  I  take  up  against  you,  Chap.  v. 

Even  a  lamentation,  O  house  of  Irsael ! 
^  The  virgin  of  Israel  is  fallen — she  shall  no  more  rise : 

She  is  forsaken  upon  her  land — there  is  none  to  raise  her  up. 
^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

The  city  that  went  out  by  a  thousand  shall  leave  an  hundred, 

And  that  which  went  forth  by  an  hundred  shall  leave  ten, 

To  the  house  of  Israel. 

'*  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  unto  the  house  of  Israel, 

Seek  ye  me,  and  ye  shall  live  : 
^  But  seek  not  Beth-el,  nor  enter  into  Gilgal, 

And  pass  not  to  Beer-sheba  ; 

For  Gilgal  shall  surely  go  into  captivity. 

And  '"Bethel  shall  come  to  nought. 
^  Seek  the  Lord,  and  ye  shall  live  ; 

Lest  he  break  out  like  fire  in  the  house  of  Joseph, 

And  devour  it,  and  there  be  none  to  quench  it  in  Beth-el. 
"^  Ye  who  turn  judgment  to  wormwood. 

And  leave  off"  righteousness  in  the  earth, 
^  Seek  Him  that  maketh  the  ""seven  stars  and  Orion, 

And  turncth  the  shadow  of  death  into  the  morning, 

And  maketh  the  day  dark  with  night ; 

That  ''calleth  for  the  waters  of  the  sea, 

And  poureth  them  out  upon  the  face  of  the  earth  ; 

(The  Lord  is  his  name  ;) 
^  That  strengtheiieth  the  *spoiled  against  the  strong, 

So  that  the  spoiled  shall  come  against  the  fortress. 


1.6. 
I  Heb.  vineyards 
of  desire. 

+  Or,  ransom. 

b  Is.  29.  21. 


12.  9. 


Part  X.]  AMOS  DENOUNCES  JUDGMENT  AGAINST  ISRAEL.  701 

10  They  hate  him  that  rebuketh  in  the  gate, 
X 1  Ki.  22. 8.  And  they  "'abhor  him  that  speaketh  uprightly. 

11  Forasmuch  therefore  as  your  treading  is  upon  the  poor, 

And  ye  take  from  him  burdens  of  wheat ;  ,      i,  •    .. 

a  De.  28. 30, 38.        Ye  "have  built  houses  of  hewn  stone,  but  ye  shall  not  dwell  in  them  ; 
fe.  K  13'Hfg.        Ye  have  planted  tpleasant  vineyards,  but   ye   shall  not   drink  wine 
of  them. 

12  For  I  know  your  manifold  transgressions  and  your  mighty  sins : 
They  afflict  the  just,  they  take  a  tbribe,  ,    .     .  . , 
And  they  Hum  aside  the  poor  in  the  gate  from  their  right. 

13  Therefore  the  prudent  shall  keep  silence  in  that  time ; 
For  it  is  an  evil  time. 
14  Seek  good,  and  not  evil,  that  ye  may  live  ; 

And  so  the  Lord,  the  God  of  hosts,  shall  be  with  you, 
As  ye  have  spoken. 
^34. 14.  Ro.    15  Hate  'the  evil,  and  love  the  good, 

And  establish  judgment  in  the  gate  : 

1  Ex.  32. 30.  It  -^may  be  that  the  Lord  God  of  hosts  will  be  gracious 

2  Ki.  19. 4.  Joe.       Unto  the  remnant  of  Joseph. 

16  Therefore  the  Lord,  the  God  of  hosts,  the  Lord,  saith  thus, 
Wailing  shall  be  in  all  streets  ;  .,,11 

And  they  shall  say  in  all  the  highways,  Alas  !  alas  ! 
And  they  shall  call  the  husbandman  to  mourning. 
And  'such  as  are  skilful  of  lamentation  to  wailing. 
I''  And  in  all  vineyards  shall  be  wailing  : 

For  ^I  will  pass  through  thee,  saith  the  Lord. 

18  Woe  °'unto  you  that  desire  the  day  of  the  Lord  . 
To  what  end  is  it  for  you  ? 
The  May  of  the  Lord  is  darkness,  and  not  light. 

19  As  if  a  man  did  flee  from  a  lion — 
And  a  bear  met  him ;  ,  .    ,       ,        .1  11 
Or  went  into  the  house,  and  leaned  his  hand  on  the  wall— 
And  a  serpent  bit  him.                                                  .  i-  u*  :> 

20  Shall  not  the  day  of  the  Lord  be  darkness,  and  not  light  i 
Even  very  dark,  and  no  brightness  in  it  ? 

21 1  ^hate,  I  despise  your  feast  days, 
Ho'.'!,  ll:  '•  '"■       And  ^I  will  not  *smell  in  your  solemn  assemblies, 
j  Le.  26.31.        22  Thou^^h  yc  offcr  me  burnt  offerings  and  your  meat  otterings, 
*aS^ '■"""■         I  wilfnot  accept  them  :  .  r  t  h.n«t« 

1  or,mnk offer.        Neither  will  I  regard  the  tpeace  oftenngs  of  your  fat  beasts. 
'"="■  23  Take  thou  away  from  me  the  noise  of  thy  songs ; 

For  I  will  not  hear  the  melody  of  thy  viols. 
XHeh.  rou.         24  g^t  jet  judgment  trun  down  as  waters. 
And  righteousness  as  a  mighty  stream. 
17.  Jos.  25  Have  *ye  offered  unto  me  sacrifices  and  offerings 
'"'"■         In  the  wilderness  forty  years,  O  house  of  Israel? 

26  But  ye  have  borne  *the  tabernacle  'of  your  Moloch 

Or,  siccuth  And  Chiun  your  images, 

yourku...  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^j^.^j^  y^  ^^^g  to  yourselves. 

Therefore  will  1  cause  you  to  go  into    captivity     beyond   Da 


e  Je.  9.  17. 


/Ex.  12.  12.  Na 

1.  12. 
g  Is.  5.  19.  Je. 

17.  15.  Ez.  12. 

22,  27.  2  Pe.  3. 


ftJe.30.  7. 


iPr.  21.27.  Is.  1. 


24.  14.  Ez. 
■  8,  16,  24.  Ac.  7. 
42,  43.  See  Is. 
43.23. 


I  1  Ki.  11.  33. 
m  2  Ki.  17.  6. 


mascus, 


Saith  the  Lord,  whose  name  is  The  God  ot  Hosts. 
1  Woe  "to  them  that  are  tat  ease  in  Zion, 
t  Or,  secure.  ^^^^  ^^.^gj.  j j^  ^j^g  mouutain  of  Samaria, 

Which  are  named  tchief  of  the  nations. 
To  whom  the  house  of  Israel  came ! 
2  Pass  ye  unto  Calneh,  and  see  ; 


n  Lu.  6.  24. 


t  Ot,  firstfruits 
Ex.  19.  5. 


Chap,  vi 


702 


AJVIOS  DENOUNCES  JUDGMENT  AGAINST  ISRAEL.         [Period  VI 


«  Ez.  12.  27. 
*  Or,  habitation. 


f  Or,  abound  with 
superfluities. 


I  Or,  quaver. 
p  1  Ch.  23.  5. 

*  Or,  in  bowls 
ofwate. 

q  Ge.  37.  25. 
■f  Heb.  breach. 


X  Heb.  the  fulness 
thereof 


*  Or,  they  will 
not,  or,  have  not. 


f  Or,  droppings 


%  Or,  valleij. 


*  Or,  green 
worms. 


t  Or,  WAo  0/  (or, 
for)  Jacob  shall 
standi  l8.  rjl. 
19. 


And  from  thence  go  ye  to  Haniath  the  great : 
Then  go  down  to  Gath  of  the  Phihstines  : 
Be  they  better  than  these  kingdoms  ? 
Or  their  border  greater  than  your  border  ? 

^  Ye  that  "put  far  away  the  evil  day, 
And  cause  the  *seat  of  violence  to  come  near  ; 
'^  That  lie  upon  beds  of  ivory, 
And  tstretch  themselves  upon  their  couches, 
And  eat  the  lambs  out  of  the  flock, 
And  the  calves  out  of  the  midst  of  the  stall ; 
^  That  Jchant  to  the  sound  of  the  viol, 

And  invent  to  themselves  instruments  of  music,  ''like  David ; 
^  That  drink  *wine  in  bowls. 
And  anoint  themselves  with  the  chief  ointments  : 
But  'they  are  not  grieved  for  the  raffliction  of  Joseph. 
'''  Therefore  now  shall  they  go  captive  with  the  first  that  go  captive, 
And  the  banquet  of  them  that  stretched  themselves  shall  be  removed. 

^  The  '^Lord  God  hath  sworn  by  himself, 
Saith  the  Lord  the  God  of  hosts, 
I  abhor  the  excellency  of  Jacob,  and  hate  his  palaces ; 
Therefore  will  I  deliver  up  the  city  with  all  Uhat  is  therein. 
^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  if  there  remain  ten  men  in   one  house, 
that  they  shall  die.  '"^  And   a  man's  uncle  shall  take  him  up,  and  he 
that  burneth  him,  to  bring  out  the  bones  out  of  the   house,  and  shall 
say  unto  him  that  is  by  the  sides  of  the  house.  Is  there  yet  any  with 
thee  ?  and  he  shall  say.  No.     Then  shall  he  say.  Hold  thy  tongue  :  for 
*we  may  not  make  mention  of  the  name  of  the  Lord. 
^^  For,  behold,  the  Lord  commandeth. 
And  he  will  smite  the  great  house  with  tbreaches, 
And  the  little  house  with  clefts. 

^■^  Shall  horses  run  upon  the  rock  ? 
Will  one  plough  there  with  oxen  ? 
For  ye  have  turned  judgment  into  gall, 
And  the  fruit  of  righteousness  into  hemlock? 
^^  Ye  which  rejoice  in  a  thing  of  nought, 

Which  say.  Have  we  not  taken  to  us  horns  by  our  own  strength  ? 
^^  But,  behold,  ^I  will  raise  up  against  you  a  nation,  O  house  of  Israel ! 
Saith  the  Lord  the  God  of  hosts  ; 

And  they  shall  afflict  you  from  the  entering  in  of  Hamath 
Unto  the  triver  of  the  wilderness. 

^  Thus  hath  the  Lord  God  showed  unto  me  ;  and,  be-    Chap.  vii. 
hold,  he  formed  *grasshoppers  in  the  beginning  of  the  shoot- 
ing up  of  the  latter  growth  ;  and,  lo !  it  was  the  latter  growth  after  the 
king's  mowings.  ^  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  they  had  made  an 
end  of  eating  the  grass  of  the  land,  then  I  said, — 
"  O  Lord  God,  forgive,  I  beseech  thee : 
tBy  whom  shall  Jacob  arise  ?  for  he  is  small." 
^  The  'Lord  repented  for  this ; 
"  It  shall  not  be,"  saith  the  Lord. 

^  Thus  hath  the  Lord  God  showed  unto  me  ;  and,  behold,  the 
Lord  God  called  to  contend  by  fire,  and  it  devoured  the  great  deep, 
and  did  eat  up  a  part.   ''  Then  said  I, — 

"  O  Lord  God,  cease,  I  beseech  thee  : 
By  whom  shall  Jacob  arise  ?  for  he  is  small." 
^  The  Lord  repented  for  this  ; 
"  This  also  shall  not  be,"  saith  the  Lord  God. 

'  Thus  he  showed  me :  and,  behold,  the  Lord  stood  upon  a  wall 


Part  X.] 


TPIE  HISTORY  OF  JONAH. 


70g 


«  See  2  Ki.  9: 

13.  Is.  28.  17, 

La.  a.  8. 
c  Beer-slieba, 

20.  23.  &.  4IJ. 

Am.  5.  5.  &  i 

H. 
a)  Fulfilled,  2 

15.  10. 


made  by  a  plumbline,  with  a  plumbline  in  his  hand.  ^  And  the  Lord 
said  unto  me,  "  Amos,  whatseest  thou  ?  "  And  I  said,  "  A  plumbhne," 
Then  said  the  Lord, — 

"  Behold,  "I  will  set  a  plumbline  in  the  midst  of  my  people  Israel : 

I  will  not  again  pass  by  them  any  more. 
^  And  "the  high  places  of  Isaac  shall  be  desolate, 

And  the  sanctuaries  of  Israel  shall  be  laid  waste  ; 

And  "I  will  rise  against  the  house  of  Jeroboam  with  the  sword." 


A.  M.  about  3217. 
B.  C.  about  787. 


Section   IV. — Hhtory  of  JonahJ'^^^ 
THE    BOOK    OF    THE    PROPHET    JONAH. 


*  Called  Mat.  13, 

39,  Junas.  2  Ki 

14.  25. 
a  Ge.  10.  11,  12. 
bGe.  18.20,21. 

Ez.  9.  6.  Ja.  5. 

4.  Re.  18.  5. 


t  Heb.  cast  forth, 
t  Heb.  th<iU!rla 
to  he  broke  It. 


Jonah,  sent  to  Nineveh,  Jleeth  to  Tarshish.  4  He  is  beivraijed  btj  a  tempest,  11  thrown  into  the  sea, 
17  and  swallowed  by  a  fish.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  The  prayer  of  Jonah.  10  He  is  delivered  from  the 
fsh.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  Jonah,  sent  again,  preacheth  to  the  Ninevites.  5  Upon  their  repentance,  10 
God  repenteth.  —  Chap.  iv.  1  Jonah,  repining  at  God's  mercy,  4  is  reproved  by  the  type  of  a 
gourd. 

^  Now  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  *Jonah  the  son  of  Amittai, 
saying,  ^  "  Arise,  go  to  Nineveh,  that  "great  city,  and  cry  against  it ; 
for  Hheir  wickedness  is  come  up  before  me."  ^  But  Jonah  rose  up  to 
flee  unto  Tarshish  from  the  presence  of  the  Lord,  and  went  down  to 
Joppa  ;  and  he  found  a  ship  going  to  Tarshish  :  so  he  paid  the  fare 
thereof,  and  went  down  into  it,  to  go  with  them  unto  Tarshish  'from 
the  presence  of  the  Lord. 

^  But  the  Lord  tsent  out  a  great  wind  into  the  sea,  arid  there  was  a 
mighty  tempest  in  the  sea,  so  that  the  ship  twas  like  to  be  broken. 


(-^)  The  first  mention  of  the  prophet  Jonah,  in 
Scripture,  is  found  in  2  Kings  xiv.  25.  "  Jeroboam 
restored  tlie  coast  of  Israel  from  the  entering  of 
Hamath,  unto  the  sea  of  the  plain,  according  to  the 
word  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  which  he  spake  by 
the  hand  of  his  servant  Jonah,  the  son  of  Amittai, 
the  prophet,  which  was  of  Gath-hepher."  Bishop 
Lloyd  fixes  the  date  of  this  book  nearer  to  the  prob- 
able time  of  Jonah's  first  prophecy,  than  other  com- 
mentators have  done.  Archbishop  Newcome  places 
it  between  8.56  and  784 — Taylor,  in  the  year  770,  in 
the  second  year  of  Menahem,  and  about  the  70th  year 
of  Jonah's  age.  At  this  time,  when  his  reputation 
was  established  by  the  accomplishment  of  his  first 
prophecy,  it  is  by  many  supposed  that  Jonah  was 
commanded  to  go  to  Nineveh.  He  was  peculiarly 
qualified  for  the  performance  of  this  commission, 
from  being  a  native  of  Gath-hepher,  in  the  tribe  of 
Zebulun  ;  a  town  in  the  most  remote  part  of  that  dis- 
trict. This  province  was  that  part  of  the  district  of 
Galilee,  more  particularly  called  Galilee  of  the  Gen- 
tiles, on  account  of  the  great  admixture  of  people 
who  had  forced  themselves  into  the  country,  and  had 
brought  with  them  their  various  forms  of  worship. 
In  tiie  midst  of  these  lived  Jonah,  who  appears  to 
have  been  more  or  less  afl^ected  with  the  idolatry  of 
this  mixed  multitude,  and  to  have  imbibed  an  idea, 
very  prevalent  among  the  Pagan  nations,  that  par- 
ticular gods  presided  over  particular  districts  or  prov- 
inces. In  conformity  to  this  doctrine,  he  considers 
Jehovah  as  the  local  God  of  Judaea,  and  in  order  to 
escape  from  his  presence  he  "  rose  up  to  flee  unto 
Tarshish."  And  for  this  purpose  •'  he  went  down  to 
Joppa."  At  the  latter  place  was  worshipped  a  ma- 
rine deity,  Derceto,  Atergatis,  or  Cetus,  ^uXunaioc: 
I'/dv;  nimufYf^'ic,  a  sea,  fish  of  an  immense  size  ;  and 
Jonah,  who  at  this  time  must  have  apostatized  from 
the  faith  of  the  true  God,  would,  without  doubt, 
now  commit  himself  to  the  protection  of  this  idol, 
and  we  must  conclude  that  "  when  the  mariners 
were  afraid,  and  cried  every  one  unto  his  god."  that 
they  invoked  this  sea  deity.  What  must  have  been 
their  astonishment  then,  on  throwing  Jonah  over- 
board, to  behold  him  swallowed  up  by  their  own 


god,  who  was  thus  converted  into  an  unresisting 
instrument  of  punishment  and  preservation  by  the 
God  of  heaven,  "  which  hath  made  the  sea  and  the 
dry  land,"  on  whom  the  prophet  in  his  distress  had 
professed  to  believe  !  But  to  give  a  more  unequiv- 
ocal and  general  demonstration  of  the  weakness 
and  helplessness  of  this  deified  monster  of  the 
deep,  Jonah,  after  having  passed  three  days  and 
three  nights  in  the  belly  of  the  fish,  was  brought 
back  again  to  Joppa  (the  very  place  he  had  so  lately 
left),  and  in  the  immediate  view  of  the  temple  of 
Derceto,  and  in  the  presence  of  its  numerous  vota- 
ries, the  prophet  was  disgorged  from  the  belly  of 
their  god  !  That  Jonah  was  ejected  at  Joppa  seems 
to  be  confirmed  by  the  large  bones  of  such  an  ani- 
mal being  there  preserved.  Pliny  mentions  these 
enormous  bones,  and  informs  us  they  were  brought 
as  a  great  curiosity  to  Rome,  and  they  were  exhib- 
ited by  M.  Scaurus  in  his  edileship.  Tlie  ribs  ap- 
peared more  in  height  than  those  of  an  Indian  ele- 
phant, and  the  length  of  the  bones  forty  feet. 

The  history  of  Jonah  has  been  esteemed  by  many 
as  merely  allegorical  and  descriptive  ;  but  it  cannot 
for  a  moment  be  considered  in  this  light,  when  it  is 
remembered  that  our  Lord  himself  refers  to  it  as  a 
type  of  his  own  imprisonment  in  the  bosom  of  the 
earth;  and  he  alludes,  likewise,  to  the  history  of 
Jonah  as  a  fact,  when  he  declares  that  the  Ninevites 
repented  at  his  preaching.  Without  this  incontes- 
table evidence,  there  is  a  reason  and  fitness  through- 
out the  whole  relation,  which  wonderfully  prove 
the  propriety,  justice,  wisdom,  and  power  of  the 
Supreme  Being,  and  the  object  and  design  of  this 
miracle.  No  punishment  could  have  been  more 
analogous  to  the  offence  of  the  prophet,  and  no  ap- 
peal more  convincing  to  the  idolators,  of  the  inferi- 
ority of  their  powerless  god.  To  this  miracle  may 
be  attributed,  in  great  measure,  through  the  mercy 
of  God,  the  successful  preaching  of  Jonah  to  the 
Ninevites. 

Vide  Oliscrvntions  upon  .tomr.  Pasxaires  nf  Scrip- 
ture, which  the  Enemies  to  Rclia-inn  have  thouirht  most 
obnoxious,  find  attended  lolth  Difficulties  not  to  be 
surmounted,  by  Jaeob  Bryant,  4to.  p.  199,  &c. 


704 


THE  HISTORY  OF  JONAH. 


[Period  VI. 


d  So  Ac.  27.  18, 
19,38. 


c  Joi.  7.  14,  16. 
Pr.  16.  33.  Ac. 
1.26. 


*  Or,  JEHO- 
VAH. 

fPa.  146.  6.  Ac. 

17.  24. 
f  Heb.  icitJi  great 

fear. 

J  Heb.  may  be 
silent  from  us. 

*  Of)  ^cw  more 
and  more  tempes- 
tuous. Weh.wcnt. 

gio.  11.50. 

f  Heb.  digged. 

h  Pr.  21.  30. 


j  Lu.  8.  24. 

X  Heb.  stood. 

k  Ma.  4.  41.  Ac. 
5.  11. 

*  Heb.  sacrificed 
a  sacrificf  unto 
the  LORD,  and 
vuwcd  vows. 

I  Mat.  12.  40. 

t  Heb.  bowels. 

I  Or,  out  of  mine 
affliction. 


J  Heh.  cuttings  off. 
*  Or,  the  pit. 


n2Ki.  17.  15. 
Je.  10.  8. 

0  Vs.  50.  14,  23. 
Ho.  14.  2.  He. 
13.  15. 


^  Then  the  mariners  were  afraid,  and  cried  every  man  unto  his  god.  and 
''cast  forth  the  wares  that  were  in  the  ship  into  the  sea,  tohghten  it  of 
them.  But  Jonah  was  gone  down  into  the  sides  of  the  ship ;  and  he 
lay,  and  was  fast  asleep.  ^  So  the  shipmaster  came  to  him,  and  said 
unto  him,  "  What  meanest  thou,  O  sleeper  ?  arise,  call  upon  thy  God, 
if  so  be  that  God  will  think  upon  us,  that  we  perish  not."  '''  And  they 
said  every  one  to  his  fellow,  "  Come,  and  let  us  'cast  lots,  that  we 
may  know  for  whose  cause  this  evil  is  upon  us."  So  they  cast  lots, 
and  the  lot  fell  upon  Jonah.  ^  Then  said  they  unto  him,  "  Tell  us,  we 
pray  thee,  for  whose  cause  this  evil  is  upon  us ;  what  is  thine  occupation  ? 
and  whence  comest  thou  ?  what  is  thy  country  ?  and  of  what  people 
art  thou  ?  "  ''And  he  said  unto  them,  "  I  am  a  Hebrew;  and  I  fear 
*the  Lord,  the  God  of  heaven,  Avhich  hath  made  the  sea  and  the 
dryland."  ^'^  Then  were  the  men  texceedingly  afraid,  and  said  unto 
him,  "  Why  iiast  thou  done  this  ? "  For  the  men  knew  that  he  fled 
from  the  presence  of  the  Lord,  because  he  had  told  them.  ^^  Then 
said  they  unto  him,  "  What  shall  we  do  unto  thee,  that  the  sea  Imay 
be  calm  unto  us  ?  "  for  the  sea  *wrought,  and  was  tempestuous.  ^~  And 
he  said  unto  them,  "Take  ^me  up,  and  cast  me  forth  into  the  sea,  so 
shall  the  sea  be  calm  unto  you  ;  for  I  know  that  for  my  sake  this  great 
tempest  is  upon  you."  ^^Nevertheless  the  men  trowed  hard  to  bring 
it  to  the  land  ;  ''but  they  could  not,  for  the  sea  wrought,  and  was  tem- 
pestuous against  them.  ^^  Wherefore  they  cried  unto  the  Lord,  and 
said,  "  We  beseech  thee,  O  Lord  !  we  beseech  thee,  let  us  not  perish 
for  this  man's  life,  and  'lay  not  upon  us  innocent  blood  :  for  thou,  O 
Lord  !  hast  done  as  it  pleased  thee."  ^^  So  they  took  up  Jonah,  and 
cast  him  forth  into  the  sea ;  and  ■'the  sea  tceased  from  her  raging. 
'^  Then  the  men  *feared  the  Lord  exceedingly,  and  *offereda  sacrifice 
unto  the  Lord,  and  made  vows. 

^'  Now  the  Lord  had  prepared  a  great  fish  to  swallow  up  Jonah 
And  'Jonah  was  in  the  fbelly  of  the  fish  three  days  and  three  nights. 
^  Then  Jonah  prayed  unto  the  Lord  his  God  out  of  the  Chap.  ii. 

fish's  belly,  -  and  said, — 
"  I  cried  tby  reason  of  mine  afl^iction  unto  the  Lord, 

And  he  heard  me  ; 

Out  of  the  belly  of  *hell  cried  I, 

And  thou  heardest  my  voice. 
^  For  thou  hadst  cast  me  into  the  deep, 

In  the  f  midst  of  the  seas  ; 

And  the  floods  compassed  me  about : 

All  thy  billows  and  thy  waves  passed  over  me. 
^  Then  I  said,  '  I  am  cast  out  of  thy  sight ; 

Yet  I  will  look  again  ""toward  thy  holy  temple.' 
^  The  waters  compassed  me  about,  even  to  the  soul : 

The  depth  closed  me  round  about, 

The  weeds  were  wrapped  about  my  head. 
^  I  went  down  to  the  tbottoms  of  the  mountains  ; 

The  earth  with  her  bars  was  about  me  for  ever : 

Yet  hast  thou  brought  up  my  life  from  'corruption, 

0  Lord  my  God  ! 

'  When  my  soul  fainted  within  me — I  remembeied  the  Lord: 
And  my  prayer  came  in  unto  thee — into  thy  holy  temple. 

^  They  that  observe  "lying  vanities 
Forsake  their  own  mercy. 

^  But  I  will  "sacrifice  unto  thee  with  the  voice  of  thanksgiving; 

1  will  pay  lliat  that  I  have  vowed. 
Salvation  is  of  the  Lord  !  " 


J?ART   X.] 


REIGN  OF  JEROBOAM  THE  SECOND. 


705 


t  Heb.  of  God: 
so  Ge.  30.  8.  Ps. 
3tj.  ().  &.  80.  10. 


q  2  Ch.  20.  3. 
Joel  2.  15. 
X  Heb.  said. 
*  Heb.  great  r 


t  Or,  jjrt  t/tou 
greatly  angry  ? 


I  Or,  palmcrist. 
Heb.  Kikajon. 


*  Heb.  rejoiced 
with  great  joy. 


t  Or,  sUent. 


X  Or,  .4)-t  tAojt 
greatly  angry  7 

*  Or,  I  am  great- 
ly angry. 

t  Or,  spared. 

J  Heb.  Mas  the 
son  of  the  night. 


A.  M.  3220. 
B.  C.  784. 
Hales,  793. 


^^  And  the  Lord  spake  unto  the  fish,  and  it  vomited  out  Jonah  upon 
the  dry  land. 

^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Jonali  the  second  Chap.  iii. 
time,  saying,  -  "  Arise,  go  unto  Nineveh,  that  great  city, 
and  preach  unto  it  the  preaching  that  I  bid  thee."  ^  So  Jonah  arose, 
and  went  unto  Nineveh,  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord.  Now 
Nineveh  was  an  f exceeding  great  city  of  three  days'  journey.  ^  And 
Jonah  began  to  enter  into  the  city  a  day's  journey,  and  he  cried,  and 
said,  ''  Yet  forty  days,  and  Nineveh  shall  be  overthrown." 

^  So  the  people  of  Nineveh  ^believed  God,  and  proclaimed  a  fast, 
and  put  on  sackcloth,  from  the  greatest  of  them  even  to  the  least  of 
them.  ^  For  word  came  unto  the  king  of  Nineveh,  and  he  arose  from 
his  throne,  and  he  laid  his  robe  from  him,  and  covered  him  with  sack- 
clpth,  and  sat  in  ashes.  '''  And  'he  caused  it  to  be  proclaimed  and 
^published  through  Nineveh  by  the  decree  of  the  king  and  his  *nobIes, 
saying,  "  Let  neither  man  nor  beast,  herd  nor  flock,  taste  any  thing : 
let  them  not  feed,  nor  drink  water ;  "^but  let  man  and  beast  be  covered 
with  sackcloth,  and  cry  mightily  unto  God :  yea,  '^let  them  turn  every 
one  from  his  evil  way,  and  from  the  violence  that  is  in  their  hands. 
^  Who  'can  tell  if  God  will  turn  and  repent,  and  turn  away  from  his 
fierce  anger,  that  we  perish  not  ?  " 

^°  And  'God  saw  their  works,  that  they  turned  from  their  evil  way ;  and 
God  repented  of  the  evil,  that  he  had  said  that  he  would  do  unto  them  ; 
and  he  did  it  not.   ^  But  it  displeased  Jonah  exceedingly,         ^ 

Ji  o*ii  1  .IT  Chap.  iv. 

and  he  was  very  angry.  ^  And  he  prayed  unto  the  Lord, 
and  said,  "  I  pray  thee,  O  Lord,  was  not  this  my  saying,  when  I  was 
yet  in  my  country  ?  Therefore  I  fled  before  unto  Tarshish  ;  for  I  knew 
that  thou  art  a  "gracious  God,  and  merciful,  slow  to  anger,  and  of  great 
kindness,  and  repentest  thee  of  the  evil.  ^  Therefore  now,  O  Lord, 
take,  I  beseech  thee,  my  life  from  me ;  for  it  is  better  for  me  to  die 
than  to  live." 

^  Then  said  the  Lord,  "  tDoest  thou  well  to  be  angry  ?  "  ^  So  Jonah 
went  out  of  the  city,  and  sat  on  the  east  side  of  the  city,  and  there 
made  him  a  booth,  and  sat  under  it  in  the  shadow,  till  he  might  see 
what  would  become  of  the  city.  ^  And  the  Lord  God  prepared  a  tgourd, 
and  made  it  to  come  up  over  Jonah,  that  it  might  be  a  shadow  over  his 
head,  to  deliver  him  from  his  grief.  So  Jonah  *was  exceeding  glad 
of  the  gourd.  '''But  God  prepared  a  worm  v/hen  the  morning  rose  the 
next  day,  and  it  smote  the  gourd  that  it  withered.  ®  And  it  came  to 
pass,  when  the  sun  did  arise,  that  God  prepared  a  f vehement  east  wind  ; 
and  the  sun  beat  upon  the  head  of  Jonah,  that  he  fainted,  and  wished 
in  himself  to  die,  and  said,  "  It  is  better  for  me  to  die  than  to  live." 
^  And  God  said  to  Jonah,  "  tDoest  thou  well  to  be  angry  for  the  gourd  ?  " 
And  he  said,  "  *I  do  well  to  be  angry,  even  unto  death."  i"  Then  said  the 
Lord,  "  Thou  hast  thad  pity  on  the  gourd,  for  the  which  thou  hast  not 
labored,  neither  madest  it  grow ;  which  Icame  up  in  a  night,  and 
perished  in  a  night.  ^^  And  should  not  I  spare  Nineveh,  that  great  city, 
wherein  are  more  than  sixscore  thousand  persons  that  cannot  discern 
between  their  right  hand  and  their  left  hand  ;  and  also  much  cattle  ?  " 

[end    of    the    book    of    the    prophet    JONAH.] 

Section  V. — Amos  prophesies ; — Death  of  Jeroboam  the  Second. 

2  Kings  xiv.  28. — Amos  vii.  10,  to  the  end  of  the  Book. — 2  Kings  xiv.  29. 

Amaziah  complaineih  of  Amos.  14  Amos  showeth  his  calling,  16  and  Amaziah's  judgment.  —  Amos 
viii.  I  By  a  basket  of  summer  fruit  is  shoiced  the  propinquity  of  Israel's  end.  i  Oppression  is 
reproved.  11  A  famine  of  the  iiwrd  threatened. — Amos  ix.  1  The  certainty  of  the  desolation. 
11  The  restoring  of  the  tabernacle  of  David. 

^^Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jeroboam,  and  all  that  he  did,  and 

89 


706 


AMOS  PROPHESIES  DURING  THE  REIGN      [Period  VI. 


Or,  sanctuary. 


a  1  Ki.  20.  35. 
4  Zee.  13.  5. 

X  Or,  wild  Jigs. 
*  Heb.  from  be- 
hind. 


e  Ib.  13.  IG.  La. 
5.  11.  Ho.  4.  13. 
Zee.  14.  2. 


Amos  viii. 


Then 


t  Heb.  shall  howl 


X  Heb.  be  sUeiU. 

e  Ps.  14.  4.  Pr. 
30.  14. 


*  Or,  month. 

/Ne.  13.15,  16. 

t  Heb.  open. 

gmc.  6.  10,  11. 

X  Heb.  perverting 
tlie  balances  of 
deuU.  Ho.  12.  7. 


iJobS.  14.  U. 
13.  10.  &  59.  9, 
10.  Je.  15.9. 
Mic.  3.  6. 


j  Is.  15.  9,  3.  Je. 

48.  37.  Ez.  7. 18, 


his  might,  how  he  warred,  and  how  he  recovered  Damascus,  and 
Hamath,  ivhich  beloriged  to  Judah,  for  Israel,  are  they  not  written  in 
the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ? 

1°  Then  Amaziah  the  priest  of  Beth-el  sent  to  Jeroboam    .^"^"'"^  '^"• 
king  of  Israel,  saying,  "  Amos  hath  conspired  against  thee       ' 
in  the  midst  of  the  house  of  Israel :  the  land  is  not  able  to  bear  all  his 
words.  ^1  For  thus  Amos   saith,  •  Jeroboam  shall  die  by  the  sword,  and 
Israel  shall  surely  be  led  away  captive  out  of  their  own  land.' '" 

1- Also  Amaziah  said  unto  Amos,  '' O  thou  seer,  go,  flee  thee  away 
into  the  land  of  Judah,  and  there  eat  bread,  and  prophesy  there  :  ^^but 
prophesy  not  again  any  more  at  Beth-el ;  for  it  is  the  king's  *chapel, 
and  it  is  the  tking's  court." 

^'Then  answered  Amos,  and   said  to  Amaziah,  "I  was  no  prophet, 
neither  was  I  "a  prophet's  son  ;   ''but  I  was  a  herdman,  and  a  gatherer 
of  tsycamore  fruit;  ^^and  the  Lord  took  me  *as  I  followed  the  flock, 
and   the  Lord  said  unto  me,  '  Go  prophes}'  unto  my  people   Israel.' 
1^  Now  therefore  hear    thou  the  word    of   the   Lord  :    Thou   sayest^ 
'  Prophesy  not  against  Israel,  and  drop  not  thy  word  against  the  house 
of  Isaac'  ^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; — 
'  Thy  "wife  shall  be  a  harlot  in  the  city, 
And  thy  sons  and  thy  daughters  shall  fall  by  the  sword, 
And  thy  land  shall  be  divided  by  line  ; 
And  thou  shalt  die  in  a  polluted  land  : 
And  Israel  shall  surely  go  into  captivity  forth  of  his  land.' 
^"Thus  hath  the  Lord  God  showed  unto  me;   and 
behold  a  basket  of  summer  fruit.  -And  he   said,  '  Amos, 
what  seest  thou?'     And  I  said,  '  A   basket  of  summer  fruit.' 
said  the  Lord  unto  me, — 

'  The  ''end  is  come  upon  my  people  of  Israel ; 
I  will  not  again  pass  by  them  any  more. 
^  And  the  songs  of  the  temple  tshall  be  bowlings 
In  that  day,'  saith  the  Lord  God  : 
'  There  shall  be  many  dead  bodies  in  every  place  ; 
They  shall  cast  them  forth  twith  silence.' 

■*  "  Hear  this,  O  ye  that  'swallow  up  the  needy ! 
Even  to  make  the  poor  of  the  land  to  fail,  ^saying, 
When  will  the  *new  moon  be  gone,  tiiat  we  may  sell  corn  ? 
And  ■'^the  Sabbath,  that  we  may  iset  forth  wheat. 
Making  ^the  ephah  small,  and  the  shekel  great, 
And  tfalsifying  the  balances  by  deceit  ? 
^  That  we  may  buy  the  poor  for  silver, 
And  the  needy  for  a  pair  of  shoes  ; 
Yea,  and  sell  the  refuse  of  the  wheat  ? " 
'  The  Lord  hath  sworn  by  the  excellency  of  Jacob, 

'  Surely,  ''I  will  never  forget  any  of  their  works.' 
^  Shall  not  the  land  tremble  for  this, 
And  every  one  mourn  that  dwclleth  therein  ? 
And  it  shall  rise  up  wholly  as  a  flood  ; 

And  it  shall  be  cast  out  and  drowned,  as  by  the  flood  of  Egypt. 
^  '  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day,'  saith  the  Lord  God. 
'  That  'I  will  cause  the  sun  to  go  down  at  noon, 
And  I  will  darken  the  earth  in  the  clear  day  ; 
^^  And  1  will  turn  your  feasts  into  mourning, 
And  all  your  songs  into  lamentation  ; 
And  'I  will  bring  up  sackcloth  upon  all  loins, 
And  baldness  upon  every  head  ; 


OF  JEROBOAM  THE  SECOND. 


707 


*  Heb.  way :  see 
Ac.  9.  2.  &  18. 
25.  &  19.  9,  23. 
&  24.  14. 


■o  Job  20.  6.  Je. 
51.  53.  Ob.  4. 


a  Le.  26.  33.  Ei. 
5.  12. 


*  Or,  spheres. 
Heb.  ascensions 
t  Or,  bundle. 


X  Heb.  caii-se  to 
*  Heb.  stane. 

r  Ac.  15.  16,  17 

t  Heb.  hedge,  o 
wall. 


and  he  said,    Amos  ix. 


And  'I  will  make  it  as  the  mourning  of  an  only  son, 
And  the  end  thereof  as  a  bitter  day.' 
11  '"Behold,  the  days  come,'  saith  the  Lord  God, 
'  That  I  will  send  a  famine  in  the  land, 
Not  a  famine  of  bread,  nor  a  thirst  for  water, 
But  of  hearing  the  words  of  the  Lord  ; 

12  And  they  shall  wander  from  sea  to  sea, 
And  from  the  north  even  to  the  east,  they  sliall  run  to  and  fro 
To  seek  the  word  of  the  Lord,  and  shall  not  find  it. 

13  In  that  day  shall  the  fair  virgins  and  young  men  faint  for  thirst. 

14  They  that  'swear  by  "the  sin  of  Samaria, 
And  say.  Thy  god,  O  Dan  !  liveth  ; 
And,  The  ^manner  of  Beer-sheba  liveth ; 
Even  they  shall  fall,  and  never  rise  up  again. 

1  •'  I  saw  the  Lord  standing  upon  the  altar 
'  Smite  the  tlintel  of  the  door,  that  the  posts  may  shake 
And  tcut  them  in  the  head,  all  of  them  ; 
And  I  will  slay  the  last  of  them  with  the  sword: 
He  that  fleeth  of  them  shall  not  flee  away, 
And  he  that  escapeth  of  them  shall  not  be  delivered. 

2  Thoucrh  "they  dig  into  hell,  thence  shall  my  hand  take  them; 
Though  "they  climb  up  to  heaven,  thence  will  I  bring  them  down 

3  And  though  they  hide  themselves  in  the  top  of  Carmel, 
I  will  search  and  take  them  out  thence  ; 

And  though  they  be  hid  from  my  sight  in  the  bottom  of  the  sea, 
Thence  will  I  command  the  serpent,  and  he  shall  bite  them  : 
*  And  though  they  go  into  captivity  before  their  enemies. 
Thence  ''will  I  command  the  sword,  and  it  shall  slay  them  :       ^ 
And  I  'will  set  mine  eyes  upon  them  for  evil,  and  not  for  good. 

5  "  And  the  Lord  God  of  hosts  is  he 
That  toucheth  the  land,  and  it  shall  melt. 
And  all  that  dwell  therein  shall  mourn  : 
And  it  shall  rise  up  wholly  like  a  flood  ; 
And  shall  be  drowned,  as  by  the  flood  of  Egypt. 
6  It  is  he  that  buildeth  his  *stories  in  the  heaven, 
And  hath  founded  his  ttroop  in  the  earth ; 
He  that  calleth  for  the  waters  of  the  sea, 
And  poureth  them  out  upon  the  face  of  the  earth : 
The  Lord  is  his  name. 

7  '"  Are  ye  not  as  children  of  the  Ethiopians  unto  me, 
O  children  of  Israel  ? '  saith  the  Lord. 
'  Have  not  I  brought  up  Israel  out  of  the  land  of  Lgypt? 
And  the  Philistines  from  Caphtor,  and  the  Syrians  f}om  Kir  ? 
8  Behold,  the  eyes  of  the  Lord  God  are  upon  the  sinful  kingdom, 
And  I  will  destroy  it  from  ofl'  the  face  of  the  earth ; 
Saving  that  I  will  not  utterly  destroy  the  house  of  Jacob, 
^  '  For,  lo  !  I  will  command. 
And  I  will  tsift  the  house  of  Israel  among  all  nations, 
Like  as  corn  is  sifted  in  a  sieve. 
Yet  shall  not  the  least  *grain  fall  upon  the  earth. 
10  All  the  sinners  of  my  people  shall  die  by  the  sword. 
Which  say.  The  evil  shall  not  overtake  nor  prevent  us. 

11 " '  In '"that  day  will  I  raise  up  the  tabernacle  of  David  that  is  tallen, 
And  tclose  up  the  breaches  thereof; 
And  I  will  raise  up  his  ruins, 
And  I  will  build  it  as  in  the  days  of  old : 
1-  That  'they  !i:ay  possess  the  remnant  of  Edom, 


saith  the 
[Lord. 


708 


HOSEA  PROPHESIES. 


[Period  VL 


J  Heb.  upon 
whom  my  name 
is  called. 

t  Le.  26.  5. 


*  Heb.  draweOi 
forth. 
f  Or,  neiB  wine. 


V  U.  61.  4.  &  65 
21.  Ez.  36.  33- 


w  Is.  60.  21.  Je. 
32.  41.  Ez.  34. 
28.  Joel  3.  20. 


z  After  an  inter- 
regnum of  11 
years,  2  Ki.  15. 
8. 


A   M.  3228. 
B.  C.  776. 


ale.  4.  22.  &5. 
4. 


b  Je.  4.  28.  Am. 
5.  16. 


Zep.  1.  3. 


t  Heb.  cut  off. 

a  The  prophet,  as 
often,  begins  to 
speak  in  the  first 
person. — Ed. 

t  Heb.  cut  off. 


*  Heb.  lift  up 
their  soul  to 
Utcir  iniquity. 

t  Heb.  visit  upon. 
X  Heb.  cause  to 

return. 
/Le.  26.  26. 

Mic.  6.  14.  Hag. 

1.  6. 


And  of  all  the  heathen,  hvliich  are  called  by  my  name,' 

Saith  the  Lord  that  doeth  this. 
^^  '  Behold,  'the  days  come,'  saith  the  Lord, 

'  That  the  ploughman  shall  overtake  the  reaper, 

And  the  treader  of  grapes  him  that  *sovveth  seed  ; 

And  the  mountains  shall  drop  tsvveet  wine, 

And  all  the  hills  shall  melt. 
^■^  And  "I  will  bring  again  the  captivity  of  my  people  of  Israel, 

And  "they  shall  build  the  waste  cities,  and  inhabit  them  ; 

And  they  shall  plant  vineyards,  and  drink  the  wine  thereof; 

They  shall  also  make  gardens,  and  eat  the  fruit  of  them. 
^^  And  I  will  plant  them  upon  their  land, 

And  ""they  shall  no  more  be  pulled  up 

Out  of  their  land  which  I  have  given  them,'  saith  the  Lord  thy  God." 

[end  of  the  book  of  the  prophet  amos.] 

2'-*  And  Jeroboam  slept  with  his  fathers,  even  with  the     2  Kings  xiv. 
kings  of  Israel ;  and  Zachariah  his  son  reigned  ''in  his  stead.  ^^■ 

Section    VI. — Hosca  prophesies  against  the  Israelites  during  the  Interreg- 
num after  the  Death  of  Jerohoam  the  Second. 
HosEA  iv.f") 
God's  judg7ne7its  against  the  sins  of  the  people,  Sand  of  the  priests,  \1  and  against  theii   idolatnj. 
15  Judah  is  exhorted  to  take  learning  bij  Israel's  calamittj. 

^  Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  ye  children  of  Israel : 

For  the  Lord  hath  a  controversy  with  the  inhabitants  of  the  land. 

Because  there  is  no  truth,  nor  mercy,  "nor  knowledge  of  God  in  the 
^  By  swearing,  and  lying,  and  killing,  [land. 

And  stealing,  and  committing  adultery,  they  break  out, 

And  *blood  toucheth  blood. 
^  Therefore  ''shall  the  land  mourn. 

And  "every  one  that  dwelleth  therein  shall  languish, 

With  the  beasts  of  the  field,  and  with  the  fowls  of  heaven  ; 

Yea,  the  fishes  of  the  sea  also  shall  be  taken  away. 
^  Yet  let  no  man  strive,  nor  reprove  another  ; 

For  thy  people  are  as  they  that  strive  with  the  priest. 
^  Therefore  shalt  thou  fall  ''in  the  day, 

And  the  prophet  also  shall  fall  with  thee  in  the  night, 

And  I  will  tdestroy  thy  mother. 

^  My  "people  are  tdestroyed  for  lack  of  knowledge. 

Because  thou  hast  rejected  knowledge, 

I  will  also  reject  thee,  that  thou  shalt  be  no  priest  to  me  : 

Seeing  thou  hast  forgotten  the  law  of  thy  God, 

I  will  also  forget  thy  children. 
'  As  they  were  increased,  so  they  sinned  against  me  : 

Therefore  "will  I  change  their  glory  into  shame. 
®  They  eat  up  the  sin  of  my  people, 

And  they  *set  their  heart  on  their  iniquity. 
^  And  there  shall  be,  like  people,  like  priest: 

And  I  will  tpunish  them  for  tiieir  ways. 

And  Ireward  them  their  doings. 
^•^  For  ^they  shall  cat — and  not  liave  enough ; 

They  shall  commit  whoredom — and  shall  not  increase  : 

Because  they  have  left  otT  to  take  heed  to  the  Lord. 


(")  The  fourth  chapter  of  Hosea  contains  a  de- 
scription of  the  violence,  idolatry,  and  disorder, 
wiiich  existed  in  Israel  durinir  the  interregnum  be- 
tween the  death  of  Jeroboam  and  the  accession  of 
Zachariah.     A  civil  war  raged  in  the  country,  and 


a  general  and  increasing  corruption  of  manners 
characterized  the  apostate  tribes.  The  chapter  is 
inserted  here  on  the  joint  authorities  of  Dr.  Wells 
and  Taylor. 


Part  X.] 


REIGNS  OF  ZACHARIAH,  SHALLUM,  AND  MENAHEM. 


709 


13. 

1.  23.  Ez.  6. 

fc  Am 

I.  2i 

1.7.  17   Ro. 
5. 

*Or, 

Shall  I  not, 

tOr, 

be  punished. 

m  Am.  8.  14.  Zep. 
1.5. 


n  Mat.  15.  14. 
X  Hell,  is  gone, 

*  Heb.  shields. 
Mic.  3.  11.  &  7. 
3.  Or,  Her  rulera, 
O  shame  !  do 
love  bribery. — 
Ed. 


A.  M.  3231. 
B.  C.  773. 
Hales,  771. 


a  As  prophesied, 
Am.  7.  9. 


6  2  Ki.  10.  30. 


SECT.   VIII 

A.  M.  3232. 
B.  C.  772. 
Hales,  770. 

a  Mat.  1.  8,  9, 
called  Ozias, 
and  2  Ki.  xv.  1, 
Aiariah. 

'^  Heb.  a  month 
of  days. 


A.  M.  3232. 
B.  C.  772. 
Hales,  770. 


^^  Whoredom  and  wine  and  new  wine  ^take  away  the  heart. 
^^  My  people  ask  counsel  at  their  ''stocks, 

And  their  staff  declareth  unto  them : 

For  'the  spirit  of  whoredoms  hath  caused  them  to  err, 

And  they  have  gone  a  whoring  from  under  their  God. 
^^  They  -'sacrifice  upon  the  tops  of  the  mountains, 

And  burn  incense  upon  the  hills, 

Under  oaks  and  poplars  and  elms, 

Because  the  shadow  thereof  is  good  : 

Therefore  *your  daughters  shall  commit  whoredom, 

And  your  spouses  shall  commit  adultery. 
^■^  *I  will  not  punish  your  daughters  when  they  commit  whoredom, 

Nor  your  spouses  when  they  commit  adultery : 

For  themselves  are  separated  with  whores, 

And  they  sacrifice  with  harlots ; 

Therefore  the  people  that  doth  not  understand  shall  tfall. 
^^  Though  thou,  Israel,  play  the  harlot, 

Yet  let  not  Judah  offend  ; 

And  come  not  ye  unto  Gilgal, 

Neither  go  ye  up  to  'Beth-aven, 

Nor  '"swear.  The  Lord  liveth. 
^^  For  Israel  slideth  back  as  a  backsliding  heifer : 

Now  the  Lord  will  feed  them  as  a  lamb  in  a  large  place. 
'^'^  Ephraim  is  joined  to  idols  :  "let  him  alone  ! 
^^  Their  drink  lis  sour  : 

They  have  committed  whoredom  continually  : 

Her  *rulers,  ivith  shame  !  do  love.  Give  ye. 
^^  The  wind  hath  bound  her  up  in  her  wings, 

And  they  shall  be  ashamed  because  of  their  sacrifices. 

Section  VII. —  The  Reign  of  Zuchariah. 
2  Kings  xv.  8-12. 

^  In  the  thirty  and  eighth  year  of  Azariah  king  of  Judah  did  Zachariah 
the  son  of  Jeroboam  reign  over  Israel  in  Samaria  six  months,  ^And 
he  did  that  ivhich  was  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  as  his  fathers  had 
done  :  he  departed  not  from  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat, 
who  made  Israel  to  sin.  ^°  And  Shallum  the  son  of  Jabesh  conspired 
against  him,  and  "smote  him  before  the  people,  and  slew  him,  and 
reigned  in  his  stead.  ^^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Zachariah,  behold, 
they  are  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel. 
^^  This  was  'the  word  of  the  Lord  which  he  spake  unto  Jehu,  saying, 
"  Thy  sons  shall  sit  on  the  throne  of  Israel  unto  the  fourth  generation." 
And  so  it  came  to  pass. 

Section  VIII. —  The  Reign  of  Shallum. 
2  Kings  xv.  13-15. 

^^  Shallum  the  son  of  Jabesh  began  to  reign  in  the  nine  and  thirti- 
eth year  of  "Uzziah  king  of  Judah  ;  and  he  reigned  *a  full  month  in 
Samaria.  ^^  For  Menahem  the  son  of  Gadi  went  up  from  Tirzah,  and 
came  to  Samaria,  and  smote  Shallum  the  son  of  Jabesh  in  Samaria, 
and  slew  him,  and  reigned  in  his  stead.  ^^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of 
Shallum,  and  his  conspiracy  which  he  made,  behold,  they  are  written 
in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel. 

Section  IX. —  The  Reign  of  Menahem, 
2  Kings  xv.  16-22. 

^^  Then  Menahem  smote  Tiphsah,  and  all  that  were  therein,  and 
the  coasts  thereof  from  Tirzah  :  because   they   opened  not   to   him, 

3  H 


710 


THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  MICAH. 


[Period  VI. 


9.  1.  Ho.  8.  9. 


*  Heb.  caused  to 
come  forth. 


therefore  he  smote  it ;  and  all  the  women  therein  that  were  with 
child  he  ripped  up.  ^'  In  the  nine  and  thirtieth  year  of  Azariah  kino- 
of  Judah  began  Menahem  the  son  of  Gadi  to  reign  over  Israel,  and 
reigned  ten  years  in  Samaria.  ^*^  And  he  did  that  which  tvas  evil  in 
the  sight  of  the  Lord  :  he  departed  not  all  his  days  from  the  sins 
V'h;,5. 2(5.  Is.  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  who  made  Israel  to  sin.  ^^  And  "Pul 
the  king  of  Assyria  came  against  the  land  ;  and  Menahem  gave  Pul  a 
thousand  talents  of  silver,  that  his  hand  might  be  with  him  to  confirm 
the  kingdom  in  his  hand.  ^^  And  Menahem  *exacted  the  money  of 
Israel,  even  of  all  the  mighty  men  of  wealth,  of  each  man  fifty  shekels 
of  silver,  to  give  to  the  king  of  Assyria.  So  the  king  of  Assyria  turned 
back,  and  staid  not  there  in  the  land. 

-^  And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Menahem,  and  all  that  he  did,  are  they 
not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  ?  ^-  And 
Menahem  slept  with  his  fathers ;  and  Pekahiah  his  son  reigned  in  his 
stead. 

Section  X. —  T/ie  Reign  of  Pekahiah. 
2  Kings  xv.  23-26. 

^^  In  the  fiftieth  year  of  Azariah  king  of  Judah  Pekahiah  the  son  of 
Menahem  began  to  reign  over  Israel  in  Samaria,  and  reigned  two 
years.  -^  And  he  did  that  which  tvas  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  :  he 
departed  not  from  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  who  made 
Israel  to  sin.  ^^  But  Pekah  the  son  of  Remaliah,  a  captain  of  his,  con- 
spired against  him,  and  smote  him  in  Samaria,  in  the  palace  of  the 
king's  house,  with  Argob  and  Arieh,  and  with  him  fifty  men  of  the 
Gileadites :  and  he  killed  him,  and  reigned  in  his  room.  -^  And  the 
rest  of  the  acts  of  Pekahiah,  and  all  that  he  did,  behold,  they  are  written 
in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel. 


A.  M.  3236. 
B.  C.  768. 
Hales,  7C0. 


A.  M.  3246. 
B.  C.  7.58. 
Hales,  757. 


PART     XI.— Portion   L 

THE  REIGN  OF  JOTHAM  ;— MICAH  PROPHESIES. 

2  Kings  xv.  32. — 2  Chron.  xxvii.  1,2. — 2  Kings  xv.part  of  35. — Micah  i..ii. — 2  Chron. 
xxvii.  3,  to  the  end.— 2  Kings  xv.  37,  33,  M,  part  of  35,  36,38. 

^^  IN  the  second  year  of  Pekah  the  son  of  Remaliah  king  of  Israel 
began  Jotham  the  son  of  Uzziah  king  of  Judah  to  reign. 

^  Jotham  was  twenty  and  five  years  old  when  he  began  ^  Chron. 
to  reign,  and  he  reigned  sixteen  years  in  Jerusalem.  His  ^-^vu.  ,  . 
mother's  name  also  was  Jerushah,  the  daughter  of  Zadok.  ^  And  he 
did  that  ivhich  teas  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  according  to  all  that 
his  father  Uzziah  did  :  howbeit  he  entered  not  into  the  temple  of  the 
Lord.  And  the  people  did  yet  corruptly  :  ^^  the  high  places  2  Kings  xv. 
were  not  removed  :  the  people  sacrificed  and  burnt  incense  P'^''^  "/  35. 
still  in  the  high  places. 


THE  BEGINNING  OF  THE  BOOK  OF  THE  PROPHET  MICAH.CM) 
Chap.  i.  and  ii. 
aJe.  26.  18.  ^  ThE    WoRD    OF     THE    LoRD    THAT     CAME     TO    "MiCAH     THE     MoRAS- 

THITE   IN  THE  DAYS   OF   JoTHAM,   AhaZ,   AND  HeZEKIAH,  KiNGS  OP 

6  Am.  1.1.  Judah,  'which  he   saw  concerning  Samaria   and  Jerusalem. 

♦  Ik'i).  y  people! 

all  nlth  w. 


t  Hcb.  tlie fulness 
thereof. 


'^  Hear,  *all  ye  people  ! 
Hearken,  O  earth,  and  tall  that  therein  is 


C^)  I.  Micah,  tlie  third  of  the  minor  prophets,  ac-  from  the  commencement  of  his  predictions,  prophe- 
cording  to  the  arrangement  in  the  Hebrew  and  all  sied  in  the  reigns  of  Jotham,  Aliaz.  and  Hezekiah, 
modern  copies,  as  well  as  in  the  Septuagint,  was  a  kings  of  that  country  :  consequently  he  was   con- 
native  of  Morastlii,  a  small  town  in  the   southern  temporary  with  Isaiah,  Joel,  Hosea,  and  Amos. 
part  of  the  territory  of  Judah ;  and,  as  we  learn  II.  The  people  of  Judah  and  Israel  being  very 


Part  XL] 


THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  MICAH. 


711 


d  Ju.  5.  5.  Is.  64 
1-3.  Am.  y.  5. 
Hab.  3.  6,  10. 


X  Hub.  a  descent. 


And  let  the  Lord  God  be  witness  against  you, 

The  Lord  from  his  holy  temple. 
^  For,  behold,  the  Lord  cometh  forth  out  of  his  place, 

And  will  come  down,  and  tread  upon  'the  high  places  of  the  earth. 
"*  And  ''the  mountains  shall  be  molten  under  him. 

And  the  valleys  shall  be  cleft, 

As  wa.\  before  the  fire, 

And  as  the  waters  that  are  poured  down  la  steep  place. 
^  For  the  transgression  of  Jacob  is  all  this, 

£rt  hy  no  means  least  among   the  captains  of 

Judf/h  ; 
From  thee  shall  issue  the  Leader, 
Who  shall  guide  my  people,  the  Israel  [of  God.l ' ' 

—Matt.  ii.  6. 

1.  Here  the  Evangelist  lias  removed  the  ambiguity 
of  the  question  proposed  by  the  prophet,  by  supply- 
ing the  answer  in  the  negative  :  as  in  Nathan's 
prophecy,  "  Shalt  thou  build  vie  a  house?  "  2  Sam. 
vii.  5.)  the  parallel  passage  answers  in  the  negative, 
"  Thou  shall  not  build  me  a  house,"  (1  Chron. 
xvii.  4.) 

2.  Matthew  has  supplied  a  chasm  in  the  Masorete 
textof  T'jj,  JVagid,  a  usual  epithet  of  the  Messiah 
(1  Chron.  v.  2.  Is.  Iv.  4.  Dan.  ix.  25.)  usually  ren- 
dered 'Hyuueroe,  ^'■leader,"  by  the  Septuagint,  and 
retained  here  by  the  Evangelist,  as  a  necessary  dis- 
tinction of  his  character,  as  supreme  commander, 
from  "  the  captains  of  thousands,"  styled  'Hyiiiooi, 
judiciously  substituted  for  the  thousands  themselves 
in  Micah,  to  mark  the  analogy  more  correctly. 

3.  Matthew  has  also  determined  the  pastoral  na- 
ture of  the  Messiah's  "rule"  by  the  verb  notfiam, 
"  shall  guide  as  a  shepherd,"  afterwards  intimated  by 
Micah,  r^i^^)  y.uL  -noniavti,  as  there  rendered  by  the 
Septuagint.  For  Christ  is  "  the  Shepherd  of  Israel," 
(Gen.  xlix.  24.  Fsalm  Ixxx.  1.)  "  the  Chief  Shepherd;' 
(1  Pet.  V.  4.)  and  "  the  Good  Shepherd,"  (John  x.  14.) 
who  appointed  his  apostles  to  "guide  and  jiusture 
his  sheep,"  (John  xxi.  6.) 

4.  Tlie  human  birth  of  the  Messiah  is  carefully 
distinguished  by  Micah  from  his  rferJwZ  generation, 
in  the  parenthetical  clause,  which  strongly  resem- 
bles the  account  of  the  primeval  birth  of  Wisdom, 
(Prov.  viii.  22—25.) 

5.  The  blessed  virgin  of  Isaiah's  former  prophecy 
(vii.  14.)  is  evidently  alluded  to  by  Micah, and  also 
the  return  of  the  remnant  of  the  Jews  (Is.  x.  20,  21,) 
and  of  the  final  pence  of  his  kingdom  (Isa.  ix.  (i,  7.) 

This  prophecy  of  Micah  is  perhaps  the  most  im- 
portant single  prophecy  in  the  Old  Testament,  and 
the  most  comprehensive,  respecting  the  personal 
character  of  the  Messiah,  and  his  successive  mani- 
festation to  the  world  :  it  crowns  the  whole  cliain 
of  prophecies  descriptive  of  the  several  limitations 
oithc  blessed  seed  of  the  woman  to  the  line  of  Shein, 
to  the  family  of  Abraham,  Isaac,  and  Jacob,  to  tlie 
tribe  of  Judah,  and  to  the  royal  house  of  David, 
here  terminating  in  his  birth  at  Bethlehem,  "  the 
city  of  David."  It  carefully  distinguishes  his  hu- 
man nativity  from  liis  eternal  generation  ;  foretells 
the  rejection  of  the  Israelites  and  Jews  for  a  season  ; 
their  final  restoration,  and  the  universal  ;>e«fc  des- 
tined to  prevail  throughout  the  earth  in  the  Regen- 
eration. It  forms,  therefore,  the  basis  of  the  New 
Testament,  which  begins  with  his  human  birth  at 
Bethlehem,  the  miraculous  circumstances  of  which 
are  recorded  in  the  introductions  of  Matthew's  and 
Luke's  Gospels ;  his  eternal  generation,  as  the 
Oracle  OF  Wisdom,  in  the  sublime  introduction 
of  John's  Gospel  ;  jiis  prophetic  cliaracter,  and 
second  coming,  illustrated  in  the  four  Gospels  and 
Epistles,  ending  with  a  prediction  of  the  speedy 
approach  of  the  latter  in  the  Jlpocalypse,  (Rev 
xxii.  20.)— Dr.  Halcs's  Analysis  of  Chronologu,  vol 
ii.  pp.  462,  463. 


profane  and  impenitent  in  the  days  of  Isaiah,  (in 
consequence  of  which  the  Assyrian  captivity  was 
then  hastening  upon  Israel,  and  the  Chaldean  not 
long  after  fell  upon  Judah,)  the  prophet  Micah  was 
raised  up  to  second  Isaiah,  and  to  confirm  his  pre- 
dictions against  the  Jews  and  Israelites,  whom  he 
invited  to  repentance,  both  by  threatened  judg- 
ments and  by  promised  mercies. 

III.  These  two  chapters  were  delivered  before  the 
destruction  of  Samaria,  which  is  predicted  (chap.  i. 
6.),  in  the  reign  of  Jotham.  Dr.  Wells  differs  from 
Taylor  and  Lightfoot,  and  places  the  first  chapter 
in  this  reign  :  he  refers  the  second  to  the  reign  of 
Ahaz.  There  does  not,  however,  appear  sufficient 
grounds  for  his  conjecture.  The  first  chapter  de- 
nounces the  judgments  of  God  upon  Judah  and 
Israel ;  the  second  is  an  uninterrupted  continuation 
of  the  address  to  these  nations,  and  specifies  those 
sins  for  which  punishment  was  threatened. 

IV.  The  book  of  Micah,  the  contemporary  of 
Isaiah,  contains  a  summary  of  the  prophecies  deliv- 
ered by  tiie  latter  concerning  the  Messiah  and  the 
final  return  of  the  Jews,  which  are  thus  translated 
and  arranged  by  Dr.  Hales  : — 

Ch.  V.  2.  "  And  art  thou,  Bethlehem  Ephratah,  little 
to  he  [esteemed] 

Among  the  thousands  of  Judah  ? 

From  thee  shall  isstie  [the   leader,] 
Who  shall  rule  my  people,  the   Israel 
[of  God] 
ii.         (But  his  issuings  are  from  old, 

From  days  of  eternity.) 
iii.  3.  Therefore  he  will  give  them  up  [for  a 
season] 
Until  the  time  that  she  xchich  shall  bear 
Have  borne  :  Then  shall  return 
The  residue  of  thy  brethren  [the  Jncsl 
Along  with  the  outcasts  of  Israel. 
iv.  4.  And  he  shall  stand  and  guide  them 
In  the  strength  of  the  Lord, 
In  the  majesty  of  the    name    of  the 

Lord  his  God. 
And    when    they   return,    He    shall   be 

magnified 
Unto  the  ends  of  the  earth, 
And  He  shall  be  their  peace." 

"  This  prophecy,"  Dr.  Hales  remarks,  "  consists 
of  four  parts,  1.  The  human  birthplace  of  Christ. 
2.  His  eternal  generation.  3.  His  temporary  de- 
sertion of  the  Jews,  until  His  miraculous  birth  of  the 
Virgin,  after  which  they  are  to  return  with  the  true 
Israelites.  4.  His  spiritual  and  universal  domin- 
ion." 

The  application  of  the  first  part  of  this  prophecy 
was  decided  at  the  time  of  our  Saviour's  birth,  by 
the  most  respectable  Jewish  synod  that  ever  sate, 
convened  by  Herod,  to  determine  from  prophecy 
the  birthplace  of  the  Messiah,  which  they  agreed 
to  be  Bethlehem,  upon  the  authority  of  Micah,  which 
they  cited.  Their  citation  of  the  first  part  only  is 
given  by  the  Evangelist  Matthew,  in  an  improved 
translation  of  the  original,  greatly  superior  to  any 
of  the  ancient  versions. 

"  And  thou,  Bethlehem,  territory  ofJadah, 


19 


THE  FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  MICAH. 


[Period  VI. 


a  According  to 
prophetical  cus- 
tom the  speakpr 
soon  drops  tlie 
style  of  a  mes- 
sage-bearer and 
uses  Ihejirst 
person  as  though 
the  Deity  him- 
self were  speak- 
ing.—£(/. 

e2Ki.  19.25. 

/Ho.  2.5,  12. 


b  The  prophet 
here  speaks  for 
himself. — Etl. 

g  Is.  21.  3.  Je.  4. 
19. 

*  Ileb.  daughters 
of  the  owl. 

\  Or,  she  is  griev- 
ously sick  nf  Iter 
wounds. 

h  2  Ki.  18.  13.  Is. 
8.  7,  8. 

X  That  is,  dust. 

*  Or,  thou  that 
dicellesl  fairly. 

f  Ileb.  iiilmbitress. 
J  Or,  the  country 
offiodcs. 

*  Or,  a  place  near. 
t  Or,  was  grieved. 


X  Or,  for. 

•  That  is,  a  lie. 
Jos.  15.  44. 

t  Or,  The  glory 
of  Israel  shall 
come,  l^c. 


And  for  the  sins  of  the  house  of  Israel. 

What  is  the  transgression  of  Jacob  ?  is  it  not  Samaria  ? 

And  what  are  the  high  places  of  Judah  ?  are  they  not  Jerusalem  ? 
^  ^Therefore  I  will  make  Samaria  'as  a  heap  of  the  field, 

And  as  plantings  of  a  vineyard  : 

And  I  will  pour  down  the  stones  thereof  into  the  valley, 

And  I  will  discover  the  foundations  thereof. 
'  And  all  the  graven  images  thereof  shall  be  beaten  to  pieces, 

And  all  the  •'hires  thereof  shall  be  burned  with  the  fire. 

And  all  the  idols  thereof  will  I  lay  desolate  : 

For  she  gathered  it  of  the  hire  of  a  harlot, 

And  they  shall  return  to  the  hire  of  a  harlot. 
^  ^Therefore  ^I  will  wail  and  howl, 

I  will  go  stripped  and  naked  : 

I  will  make  a  wailing  like  the  dragons. 

And  mourning  as  the  *owls. 
^  For  f  her  wound  is  incurable ; 

For  ''it  is  come  unto  Judah  ; 

He  is  come  unto  the  gate  of  my  people,  even  to  Jerusalem. 
^•^  Declare  ye  it  not  at  Gath,  weep  ye  not  at  all  : 

In  the  house  of  tAphrah  roll  thyself  in  the  dust. 
^^  Pass  ye  away,  *thou  tinhabitant  of  Saphir,  having  thy  shame  naked  : 

The  inhabitant  of  tZaanan  came  not  forth 

In  the  mourning  of  *Beth-ezel ;  he  shall  receive  of  you  his  standing. 
^2  For  the  inhabitant  of  Maroth  fvvaited  carefully  for  good  : 

But  evil  came  down  from  the  Lord  unto  the  gate  of  Jerusalem. 
^^  O  thou  inhabitant  of  Lachish,  bind  the  chariot  to  the  swift  beast : 

She  is  the  beginning  of  the  sin  to  the  daughter  of  Zion  : 

For  the  transgressions  of  Israel  were  found  in  thee. 
^^  Therefore  shalt  thou  give  presents  Ito  Moresheth-gath  : 

The  houses  of  *Achzib  shall  be  a  lie  to  the  kings  of  Israel. 
^^  Yet  will  I  bring  an  heir  unto  thee,  O  inhabitant  of  Mareshah  ! 

IHe  shall  come  unto  Adullam  the  glory  of  Israel. 
^^  Make  thee  bald,  and  poll  thee  for  thy  delicate  children ; 

Enlarge  thy  baldness  as  the  eagle  ; 

For  they  are  gone  into  captivity  from  thee. 


i  Ge.  31. 


X  Or,  defraud. 


*  Heb.  wiVi  alam- 
entation  oj  lam- 
entations. 

t  Or,  Instead  of 
restoring. 

I  De.  32.  8,  9. 

X  Or,  Prnplfsy 
not  ns  thnj 
prophesy.  Heb. 
Drop,  4-e.  Ez. 
21.2.  Is.  30.  10. 
Am.  2.  12.  &  7. 
lii. 


^  Woe  to  them  *that  devise  iniquity,  Micah  ii. 

And  work  evil  upon  their  beds  ! 

When  the  morning  is  light,  they  practise  it. 

Because  ^it  is  in  the  power  of  their  hand. 
2  And  they  covet  fields,  and  take  them  by  violence  ; 

And  houses,  and  take  them  away  : 

So  they  toppress  a  man  and  his  house,  even  a  man  and  his  heritage. 
^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Behold,  against  this  family  do  I  devise  an  evil, 

From  which  ye  shall  not  remove  your  necks  ; 

Neither  shall  ye  go  haughtily,  'for  this  time  is  evil. 
"*  In  that  day  shall  one  take  up  a  parable   against  you, 

And  lament  *with  a  doleful  lamentation. 

And  say,  We  be  utterly  spoiled  : 

He  hath  changed  the  portion  of  my  people  : 

How  hath  he  removed  it  from  me  ! 

tTurning  away  he  hath  divided  our  fields. 
^  Therefore  thou  shalt  have  none  that  shall  cast  'a  cord  by  lot 

In  the  congregation  of  tlie  Lord. 

^  "  tProphesy  ye  not,"  say  they  to  them  that  prophesy: 


FIRST  PROPHECY  OF  MICAH. 


713 


n  he.  18.  25,  28. 
Je.  3.  2. 


%  Or,  tcalk  with 
the  wind,  and  lie 
falsely.  Ez.  13. 
3. 


oHo. 

3.5. 

y  Is.  52.  12. 

a  i.e. 
Ed. 

,  Jotham.— 

*Or, 
2d 
Neh 

the  tower, 
,.  33.  14. 
.  3.  26. 

t  Heb.  This. 

X  Or,  established. 


52  Ki.  16.5.1s. 
7.  1. 


They  shall  not  prophesy  to  them, 

That  they  shall  not  take  shame. 
'='  O  thou  tiiat  art  named  the  house  of  Jacob, 

Is  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  *straitened?     Are  these  his  doings  ? 

Do  not  my  words  do  good  to  him  that  walketh  t uprightly  ? 
s  Even  lof  late  my  people  is  risen  up  as  an  enemy : 

Ye  pull  off  the  robe  *with  the  garment 

From  them  that  pass  by  securely  as  men  averse  from  war. 
^  The  twomen  of  my  people  have  ye  cast  out  from  their  pleasant 
houses ; 

From  their  children  have  ye  taken  away  my  glory  for  ever. 
i*'  Arise  ye,  and  depart ;  for  this  is  not  your  "'rest : 

Because  it  is  "polluted,  it  shall  destroy  you, 

Even  with  a  sore  destruction. 
"  If  a  man  twalking  in  the  spirit  and  falsehood  do  he, 

Saying,  I  will  prophesy  unto  thee  of  wine  and  of  strong  drmk  ; 

He  shall  even  be  the  prophet  of  this  people. 

12  "  I  will  surely  assemble,  O  Jacob,  all  of  thee  ; 

I  will  surely  gather  the  remnant  of  Israel ; 

1  will  put  them  together  as  the  sheep  of  Bozrah, 
As  the  flock  in  the  midst  of  their  fold  : 

They  shall  make  great  noise  by  reason  of  the  multitude  of  men. 
"  The  Breaker  is  come  up  before  them  : 

They  have  broken  up,  and  have  passed  through  the  gate. 

And  are  gone  out  by  it  : 

And  "their  king  shall  pass  before  them. 

And  ''the  Lord  on  the  head  of  them. 

3«Hebuilt  the  high  gate  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  SChrokxxvu. 
and  on  the  wall  of  *Ophel  he  built  much.  '  Moreover  he  ' 
built  cities  in  the  mountains  of  Judah,  and  in  the  forests  he  built 
castles  and  towers.  '  He  fought  also  with  the  king  of  the  Ammonites, 
and  prevailed  against  them.  And  the  children  of  Ammon  gave  him 
the  same  year  an  hundred  talents  of  silver,  and  ten  thousand  measures 
of  wheat,  and  ten  thousand  of  barley.  tSo  much  did  the  children  of 
Ammon  pay  unto  him,  both  the  second  year,  and  the  third.  So 
Jotham  became  mighty,  because  he  tprepared  his  ways  before  the 
Lord  his  God. 

^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jotham,  and  all  his  wars,  and  his 
ways,  lo,  they  are  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  and 
Judah.  s  He  was  five  and  twenty  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign, 
and  reigned  sixteen  years  in  Jerusalem. 

9  And  Jotham  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  they  buried  him  in  the 
city  of  David :  and  Ahaz  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead.  ^ 

37  In  those  days  the  Lord  began  to  send  against  Judah  ~^^\^^' 
'Rezin  the  king  of  Syria,  and  Pekah  the  son  of  Remaliah. 

2  Kings  xv.  33,  34,  part  of  ver.  35,  and  36,  38.-^=  Five  and  twenty  years  old  was  he 
when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he  reigned  sixteen  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  niother  s 
name  was  Jerusha,  the  daughter  of  Zadok.  ^*  And  he  did  that  which  ims  right  in  the  sight 
of  the  Lord  :  he  did  according  to  all  that  his  father  Uzziah  had  done.  Howbeit-  =  he 
built  the  hio-her  gate  of  the  house  of  the  Lord. 

36  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Jotham,  and  all  that  he  did,  are  they  not  written  in  the 
Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  ?  =<«  And  Jotham  slept  with  his  fathers,  and 
was  buried  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David  his  father  :  and  Ahaz  his  son  reigned  in 
his  stead. 

90  3h* 


714 


INVASION  OF  REZIN  AND  PEKAH. 


[Period  VL 


PORTION  II. 


Part  XI. — Portion  II. 


A.  M.  SS'te. 
B.  C.  758. 
Halbs,  758. 


EVENTS  IN   THE   KINGDOM   OF   ISRAEL,  CONTEMPORARY  WITH   THE 
REIGN  OF   JOTHAM   KING   OF  JUDAH. 

The  Reign  of  Pelah. 
2  Kings  xv.  27-29. 
^"^  In  the  two  and  fiftieth  year  of  Azariah  king  of  Judah  Pekah  the 
son  of  Remahah  began  to  reign  over  Israel  in  Samaria,  and  reigned 
twenty  years.  ~^  And  he  did  that  tohich  teas  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  : 
he  departed  not  from  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat,  who  made 
Israel  to  sin.  ~^  In  the  days  of  Pekah  king  of  Israel  came  Tiglath- 
pileser  king  of  Assyria,  and  took  Ijon,  and  Abel-beth-maachah,  and 
Janoah,  and  Kedesh,  and  Hazor,  and  Gilead,  and  Galilee, all  the  land  of 
Naphtali,  and  carried  them  captive  to  Assyria. 


SECT.   I. 

A.  M.  3262  to 
3278. 

B.  C.  742  to 

726. 

Hales,  741  to 
727. 

ahe.  18.21. 
2  CIi.  U6.  3. 
b  De.  12.  31. 


*  Heb.  rcsteth  on 
Ephraim. 


t  That  is,  The 
remnant  sluill 
return:  see  Is 
6.  13.  &  10.  21 

J  Or,  causLicuy. 


*  Heb.  let  not  thy 
heart  be  tender. 


■f  Or,  waken. 


PART    XII.— Portion  I. 
THE  REIGN  OF  AHAZ. 

Section    I. — Character  of  Ahaz  ; — Invasion  of  Rezin  and  Pekah; — The 

Prophecies  of  Isaiah. 

2  Kings  xvi.  1-4. — Isaiah  vii.,  viii.,  ix.,  x.  1-4. — 2  Kings  xvi.  5. 

Ahaz,  being  troubled  with  fear  of  Rezin  and  Pekah,  is  comforted  by  Isaiah.  10  Ahaz,  having  liberty 
to  choose  a  sign,  and  refusi7ig  it,  hath  for  a  sign,  Christ  promised.  17  His  Judgment  is  prophe- 
sied to  come  by  Assyria.  — Is M AH  viii.  1  In  Maher-slialal-hash-baz,  he  prophesieth  that  Syria 
and  Israel  shall  be  subdued  by  Assyria.  5  Judah  likewise  for  their  infdelity.  9  God's  judg- 
ments shall  be  irresistible.  11  Comfort  shall  be  to  them  that  fear  God.  19  Great  aff.ictions  to 
idolators.  —  Isaiah  ix.  1  What  joy  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  afflictions ,  by  the  kingdom  and  birth 
of  Christ.  8  The  judgments  upon  Israel  for  their  pride,  \3  for  their  hypocrisy,  \Q  and  for  their 
impenitency.  —  Isaiah  x.  1-4  The  woe  of  tyrants. 

^  IN  the  seventeenth  year  of  Pekah  the  son  of  Remaliah  Ahaz  the 
son  of  Jotham  king  of  Judah  began  to  reign.  -  Twenty  years  old  was 
Ahaz  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  reigned  sixteen  years  in  Jerusalem, 
and  did  not  that  which  urns  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  his  God,  like 
David  his  father.  ^  But  he  walked  in  tiie  way  of  the  kings  of  Israel,  yea, 
"and  made  his  son  to  pass  througii  the  fire,  according  to  the  'abomina- 
tions of  the  heathen,  whom  the  Lord  cast  out  from  before  the  children 
of  Israel.  '*  And  he  sacrificed  and  burnt  incense  in  tlie  high  places, 
'^'-  and  'on  the  hills,  and  under  every  green  tree. 

^  And  '*"'  it  came  to  pass  in  the  days  of  Ahaz  the  son  of  Isaiah  vii. 
Jotham,  the  son  of  Uzziah,  king  of  Judah,  that  Rezin  the 
king  of  Syria,  and  Pekah  the  son  of  Remaliah,  king  of  Israel,  went  up 
toward  Jerusalem  to  war  against  it,  but  could  not  prevail  against  it. 
~x\nd  it  was  told  the  house  of  David,  saying,  "  Syria  *is  confederate 
with  Ephraim."  And  his  heart  was  moved,  and  the  heart  of  his  people, 
as  the  trees  of  the  wood  are  moved  with  the  wind.  ^  Then  said  the 
Lord  unto  Isaiah,  "Go  forth  now  to  meet  Ahaz,  thou,  and  tShear- 
jashub  thy  son,  at  the  end  of  the  conduit  of  the  upper  pool  in  the 
thighvvay  of  the  fuller's  field  ;  ^and  say  unto  him, — 
"  Take  heed,  and  be  quiet ; 

Fear  not,  *neither  be  faint-hearted 

For  the  two  tails  of  these  smoking  firebrands. 

For  the  fierce  anger  of  Rezin  with  Syria,  and  of  the  son  of  Rema- 
^  Because  Syria,  ]']phraim,  and  the  son  of  Remaliah,  [liah. 

Have  taken  evil  counsel  against  thee,  saying, 
^  '  Let  us  go  up  against  Judah,  and  tve.x  it, 


{^)  The  date  and  place  of  these  chapters  of  Isaiah  are  assigned  in  the  sacred  text.     Compare  2  Kings 
xvi.  5.  with  Isaiah  vii.  1. 


Part  XIJ.] 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES. 


15 


d  Pr.  21.  30. 

e  2  Sa.  8.  6. 


J  Heb.  From  a 
pevple. 


*  Or,  Do  ye  not 

believe  ?  it  is  be- 
cause lie  are  not 
stabU.'Sec  2  Ch. 
20.  20. 

t  Heb.  And  the 
LORD  added  to 
speali. 

/Ju.  6.  36,  &e. 
Mat.  12.  38. 

i  Or,  MnI.e  thy 
petition,  diep. 


And  let  us  make  a  breach  therein  for  us, 

And  set  a  king  in  the  midst  of  it,  even  the  son  of  Tabeal.'  " 
■^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

"  It  "^shall  not  stand,  neither  shall  it  come  to  pass. 
^  For  'the  head  of  Syria  is  Damascus, 

And  the  head  of  Damascus  is  Rezin  ; 

(And  within  threescore  and  five  years  shall  Ephraim  be  broken, 

tThat  it  be  not  a  people.) 
^  And  the  head  of  Ephraim  is  Samaria, 

And  the  head  of  Samaria  is  Remaliah's  son. 

If  *ye  will  not  believe,  surely  ye  shall  not  be  established." 
^^  fMoreover  the  Lord  spake  again  unto  Ahaz,  saying, — 
^^  "  Ask  -^thee  a  sign  of  the  Lord  thy  God  ; 

tAsk  it  either  in  the  depth,  or  in  the  height  above." 

^^  But  Ahaz  said,  "  I  will  not  ask,  neither  will  I  tempt  the  Lord." 
^^  And  he  said, — 

"  Hear  ye  now,  O  house  of  David  ! 

Is  it  a  small  thing  for  you  to  weary  men, 

But  will  ye  weary  my  God  also  ? 
^^  Therefore  the  Lord  himself  shall  give  you  a  sign  ;^"> 


(^')  In  this  and  the  following  verses  are  contained 
the  most  undoubted  and  clear  predictions  of  the 
birth  of  the  Messiah,  and  as  such  it  is  alluded  to  by 
the  inspired  Evangelist,  Matt.  i.  23.  There  is  great 
difficulty  in  apprehending  how  the  birth  of  this  child 
Immanuel  could  be  a  sign  to  Ahaz,  who  died  sever- 
al hundred  years  before  our  Saviour  was  born. 
Ahaz,  at  the  time  this  prophecy  was  given,  was  be- 
sieged in  Jerusalem  by  the  two  kings,  Rezin  and 
Pekah,  who  confederated  together  in  the  hopes  of 
taking  that  city,  and  of  destroying  Ahaz  and  the 
family  of  David.  But  God,  who  had  always,  for 
the  sake  of  his  servant  David,  expressed  mercy  and 
favor  for  this  house,  sent  his  prophet  to  encourage 
Ahaz,  and  to  assure  him  that  the  designs  of  his 
enemies  should  not  stand  nor  come  to  pass,  and  that 
"  within  threescore  and  five  years,  Ephraim  shall 
be  broken."  He  adds,  that  if  the  king  will  not  be- 
lieve this  prediction,  he  "  shall  not  be  established." 
To  confirm  his  faith,  Isaiah  offers  Ahaz  any  sign 
that  will  best  satisfy  him  out  of  the  whole  compass 
of  nature  ;  which  the  king  refusing,  the  prophet 
immediately  addresses  the  house  of  David,  and  de- 
clares that  God  himself  will  give  them  a  sign  ; 
"  Behold  a  virgin  shall  conceive,  and  bear  a  son, 
and  before  the  child  shall  know  to  refuse  the  evil, 
and  choose  the  good,  the  land  that  thou  abhorrest 
shall  be  forsaken  of  both  her  kings."  It  is  generally 
supposed  by  commentators,  that  Ahaz  received  a 
sign  with  this  prediction  ;  and  that  the  sign  given 
to  him,  and  the  original  and  primary  meaning  of  the 
prophecy  was,  that  Isaiah  should  marry  a  young 
woman,  then  a  virgin,  and  that  within  the  time 
that  she  should  conceive,  and  bring  forth  a  child, 
and  before  that  child  should  arrive  at  such  an  age 
as  to  be  able  to  distinguish  between  good  and  evil, 
(viii.  4.)  the  enemies  of  Judah  should  be  destroyed. 
Immediately  afler  this,  Isaiah  takes  a  wife  ;  and 
before  Maher-shalal-hash-baz,  the  fruit  of  that  mar- 
riage, could  discern  between  evil  and  good,  both 
these  kings  were  slain  ;  Rezin  in  the  third  year  of 
Ahaz,  and  Pekah  the  next  year  after.  And,  accord- 
ing to  the  word  of  the  prophet  (v.  7),  these  two 
kings,  failing  in  their  design,  were  obliged  to  raise 
the  siege  and  return  home. 

But  this  prophecy  is  introduced  in  so  solemn  a 
manner  ;  the  sign  is  so  marked  and  peculiar,  chosen 
by  God  himself;  tlie  name  of  the  child  so  expres- 
sive, that  it  must  have  raised  hopes  far  beyond 
what  the  present  occasion  suggested,  and,  in  its 
higher  signification,  must  have  been  supposed  to 


describe  the  Great  Deliverer,  who  was  to  spring  from 
the  house  of  David.  The  further  accomplishment 
of  this  prophecy,  therefore,  must  have  reference  to 
the  birth  of  the  Great  Immanuel.  Ahaz  is  told,  if 
"  ye  believe  not,  ye  shall  not  be  established,"  (v.  9), 
that  is,  unless  ye  believe  this  prophecy  of  the  de- 
struction of  Israel,  ye  Jews,  also,  as  well  as  the 
people  of  Ephraim,  shall  be  destroyed.  Accord- 
ingly, we  read  that  Ephraim  was  taken  captive  by 
Esarhaddon,  for  the  third  time,  exactly  sixty-five 
years  from  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Ahaz. 
This  king  carried  all  the  remnant  of  the  ten  tribes 
of  Israel,  who  had  revolted  from  the  house  of  David, 
into  Babylon  and  Syria  ;  and  they  were  now  brought 
to  full  and  utter  destruction,  and  never  afler  recov- 
ered themselves.  After  Esarhaddon  had  possessed 
himself  of  the  land  of  Israel,  he  sent  his  army  into 
Judaea;  where  Manasseh  was  vanquished,  taken 
prisoner,  and  conveyed  in  chains  to  Babylon,  the 
same  year,('2Chron  xxxiii.ll.)  The  near  connection 
of  these  two  facts  makes  the  prediction  of  the  one 
naturally  cohere  with  the  prediction  of  the  other ; 
and  the  words  are  well  suited  to  this  event  in  the 
history  of  the  people  of  Judah. 

But  the  full  accomplishment  of  this  prophecy 
could  not  take  place  till  Immanuel  was  born,  when 
both  these  monarchies  were  brought  to  an  end. 
The  kingdom  of  Judah,  which  at  that  time  extended 
over  the  dominions  of  both  nations,  was  destroyed 
in  the  second  year  of  our  Lord's  age,  by  the  death 
of  Herod  the  Great.  Ten  years  after,  JudiEa  was 
reduced  to  the  form  of  a  Roman  province  :  in  the 
mean  while,  it  was  governed  by  Archelatls  with  the 
title  of  ethnarch,  who  was  a  mere  vassal  of  the 
emperor,  and  to  whom  he  assigned  only  half  his 
father's  dominions. 

By  referring  to  the  two  next  sections,  it  will  be 
seen  that  after  this  sign  was  given,  Ahaz  sustained 
the  greatest  defeat  ever  experienced  by  a  king  of 
Judah  ;  which  must  be  considered  as  a  punishment 
to  the  king  for  his  mistrust  of  God's  promises,  as 
well  as  for  his  own  and  the  people's  idolatry.  The 
faithful  worshippers  of  Jehovah,  in  the  midst  of  this 
calamity,  would  be  comforted  by  the  prediction  of 
the  prophet ;  which  strengthened  their  expectation 
of  the  future  Saviour,  and  at  the  same  time  con- 
vinced them  that  their  kingdom  should  last  till  his 
birth. — Vide  Lowth's  notes  to  Isaiah,  4to  edit.  p. 
62;  Prideaux,  Connection,  vol.  i.  p.  5;  Horsley's 
Biblical  Criticisms,  vol.  ii.  p.  46,  &c. 


716  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BIRTH  OF  CHRIST.      [Period  VI. 

*'Mat^?.*23'.Lu.        Behold,  ^a  virgin  shall  conceive,  and  bear  a  son, 

1.31,34.  And  *shall  call  his  name  Immanuel. 

*K^'^:riuit  ''  Butter  and  honey  shall  he  eat, 

itaiTie^'n         That  he  may  know  to  refuse  the  evil,  and  choose  the  good. 

&.  29'  32.  &  30".  16  For  before  the  child  shall  know 

6,8.  J  Sa.  4.  21.  ™  r  i  -i  i      i  i  i 

A2Ki.  15. 30.  &        -^o  reliise  the  evil,  and  choose  the  good, 

^^•^-  The  land  that  thou  abhorrest  shall  be  forsaken  of ''both  her  kings. 

i2  ch.  28. 19.  17  u  The  'Lord  shall  bring  upon  thee, 

And  upon  thy  people,  and  upon  thy  father's  house, 
Days  that  have  not  come, 
j  1  Ki.  12. 16.  From  the  day  that  •'Ephraim  departed  from  Judah  ; 

Even  the  king  of  Assyria. 
^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  the  Lord  shall  hiss  for  the  fly  that  is  in  the  uttermost  part  of 

the  rivers  of  Egypt, 
And  for  the  bee  that  is  in  the  land  of  Assyria. 
^^  And  they  shall  come,  and  shall  rest  all  of  them 
In  the  desolate  valleys,  and  in  the  holes  of  the  rocks, 
tor^commendaiie       ^^^j  ^pQ^  all  thoms,  and  upon  all  fbushes. 
ft 2  Ki.  16. 7,8.     20  jj^  ^j^Q  same  day  shall  the  Lord  shave  with  a  'razor  that  is  hired, 
SeeEz.  5.  i'.    '       Namely,  by  them  beyond  the  river,  by  the  king  of  Assyria, 
The  head,  and  the  hair  of  the  feet : 
And  it  shall  also  consume  the  beard. 
2^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day. 

That  a  man  shall  nourish  a  young  cow,  and  two  sheep  ; 
22  And  it  shall  come  to  pass, 

For  the   abundance  of  milk  that   they  shall  give  that  he  shall  eat 
For  butter  and  honey  shall  every  one  eat  [butter  : 

^^iSt-oft^'ian^.      That  is  left  tin  the  land. 

^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 
That  every  place  shall  be, 

Where  there  were  a  thousand  vines  at  a  thousand  silverlings, 
It  shall  even  be  for  briers  and  thorns. 

24  With  arrows  and  with  bows  shall  men  come  thither ; 
Because  all  the  land  shall  become  briers  and  thorns. 

25  And  on  all  hills  that  shall  be  digged  with  the  mattock. 
There  shall  not  come  thither  the  fear  of  briers  and  thorns  ; 
But  it  shall  be  for  the  sending  forth  of  oxen, 

And  for  the  treading  of  lesser  cattle." 

^  Moreover  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  "  Take  thee  a  great  Isaiah  viii. 
•  Heb.  inmoHns  roll,  and  writc  in  it  with  a  man's  pen  concerning  *Maher- 

speed  to  the  spoil      1111,1  ??o*it  r   ■   i   i-    ^        ■ 

he  hasientth  tke  shalal-hash-baz.  -  And  1  took  unto  me  taithful  witnesses  to  record, 
^^d°l'c.  "  'Uriah  the  priest,  and  Zechariah  the  son  of  Jeberechiah.  ^  And  I  twent 
i2Ki.  16. in.  unto  the  prophetess;  and  she  conceived,  and  bare  a  son.  Then  said 
Knto!  "'''"'"'^'"'^  the  Lord  to  me,  "  Call  his  name  Maher-shalal-hash-baz.  *  For  before 
the  child  shall  have  knowledge  to  cry.  My  father,  and  my  mother, 
\?fJre'th^^  of  "^^^^  riches  of  Damascus  and  the  spoil  of  Samaria  shall  be  taken  away 
Assyria  siuiu      bcforc  the  king  of  Assyria." 

take  away  the  ^5  ^11        t  11 

nchta,  tfc.  ^  I  he  Lord  spake  also  unto  me  again,  saying, — 

^  "  Forasmuch  as  this  people  refuseth 
l^T.'"- ^- ^^-  •'°'       The  waters  of  "Shiloah  that  go  softly, 

And  rejoice  in  Rezin  and  Remaliah's  son  ; 
'  Now  therefore,  behold,  the  Lord  bringeth  up  upon  them 
The  waters  of  the  river,  strong  and  many, 
(Even  the  king  of  Assyria,  and  all  his  glory  :) 
And  he  shall  come  up  over  all  his  channels, 
And  go  over  all  his  banks  ; 


Part  XII.]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BIRTH  OF  CHRIST.  717 

8  And  he  shall  pass  through  Judah ;  he  shall  overflow  and  go  over, 

He  shall  reach  even  to  the  neck  ; 
*  Heb.  thefui-  A„d  *the  stretching  out  of  his  wings  shall  hll 

IZSlk'Uy  The  breadth  of  thy  land,  O  Immanuel ! "  ^    „  ^     ,     ,        . 

S':"r<.l'r  '  Associate  yourselves,  O  ye  people  !  land  ye  shall  be  broken  in 

ofhiswmgs.  ^j^^    -yg  g^r^  all  ye  of  far  countries :  [pieces ; 

Gird  yourselves— and  ye  shall  be  broken  in  pieces ; 

Gird  yourselves— and  ye  shall  be  broken  in  pieces. 

Take  counsel  together— and  it  shall  come  to  nought ; 

Speak  the  word— and  it  shall  not  stand  : 

For  "God  is  with  us  ! 

For  the  Lord  spake  thus  to  me  twith  a  strong  hand, 

And  instructed  me  that  I  should  not  walk  in  the  way  of  this  people, 

"  Say  ye  not,  '  A  confederacy,'  ,         ^  ^  [saymg, 

To  all  them  to  whom  this  people  shall  say,  '  A  confederacy  ; 

Neither  "fear  ye  their  fear,  nor  be  afraid. 
13  Sanctify  the  Lord  of  hosts  himself; 
p  Ps.  76. 7.  Lu.         A„(j  ^'let  him  be  your  fear,  and  let  him  be  your  dread. 
nt^i.  16.         14  And  'he  shall  be  for  a  sanctuary :  ,     ^    ^ 

But  for  '^a  stone  of  stumbling  and  for  a  rock  of  oflence 

To  both  the  houses  of  Israel, 

For  a  gin  and  for  a  snare  to  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem. 


t  Or,  yet 


Ko.'8."l3.' 
\  Heh.  in  strength 
of  hand. 


.  Pe.  3.  14,  15. 


r  Lu.  2.  34.  Ro. 
9.  33.  1  Pe.  -2.  8 


;Mat 
20.1 

&  a. 


...  ^i.44.Lu.  15  j\j^(j  many  among  them  shall  'stumble, 
18.R0.9.32.       ^j^^i  faii^  and  be  broken, 


And  be  snared,  and  be  taken. 
16  Bind  up  the  testimony, 

Seal  the  law  among  my  disciples." 
1''  And  I  will  wait  upon  the  Lord, 

That  hideth  his  face  from  the  house  of  Jacob, 
t  Hab.  2. 3.  Lu.         ^j^jj  X  'will  look  for  him. 

„'h?2'%.         ^8  Behold,  "I  and  the  children  whom  the  Lord  hath  given  me 
r  Ps.  71. 7.  Zee.        Are  "for  signs  and  for  wonders  in  Israel 
'■  '•  From  the  Lord  of  hosts,  which  dwelleth  in  Mount  Zion. 

19  And  when  they  shall  say  unto  you, 

Seek  unto  them  that  have  familiar  spirits,  and  unto  wizards 

That  peep,  and  that  mutter  : 

Should  not  a  people  seek  unto  their  God  ? 

For  the  living  to  the  dead  ? 
w  Lu.  16. 29.       20  To  "the  law  and  to  the  testimony  : 

If  they  speak  not  according  to  this  word, 
XHeb.mormng         Jt  is  bccausc  there  is  no  tlight  in  them. 

21  And  they  shall  pass  through  it,  hardly  bestead  and  hungry : 
And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  when  they  shall  be  hungry. 
They  shall  fret  themselves, 

I  Re.  16. 11.  And  "" curse  their  king  and  their  God, 

And  look  upward. 

22  And  they  shall  look  unto  the  earth  ; 

And  behold  trouble  and  darkness,  dimness  of  anguish  ; 
And  they  shall  be  driven  to  darkness.  . 

1  Nevertheless  the  dimness  shall  not  be  such  as  was  in 
her  vexation, 
j,2Ki.  15.29.  When  at  the  ^first  he  lightly  afflicted 

The  land  of  Zebulun  and  the  land  of  Naphtah, 
tLe.26.24.  And  'afterward  did  more  grievously  afflict 

\^.'^:i^'-  Her  by   the  way  of  the  sea,  beyond  Jordan,  in  Galilee     of  the 

or,the populous.  2  The  "pcoplc  that  walked  in  darkness —  [naiions. 


a  Mat.  4.  16.  Ep.  ^^^^   ^^^^^  ^  ^^^^^  jj^j^^ 


8,14. 


718 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BIRTH  OF  CHRIST.         [Period  VI. 


■f  Or,  to  him 


X  Or,  ffHien  thou 
brdkest. 


*  Or,  Wkm  the 
Khole  battle,  of 
Vie  warrior  was, 

e,-c. 

t  Or,  And  it  teas, 

I  Heb.  meat. 
6Lu.  2.  II. 
c  Jo.  3.  16. 
d  Mat.  28. 38. 

1  Co.  15.  25. 
«Ju.  13.  18. 
/Tit.  2.  13. 
ff  Ep.  2.  14. 
h  Da.  2.  44.  Lu. 

1.  32,  33. 


Heb.  mingle. 


X  Or,  they  that 

call  them  blessed. 
*  Or,  they  that 

are  called  blessed 

of  them. 
t  Ileb.  !.iDallowed 

up. 

X  Or,  villany. 


They  that  dwell  in  the  land  of  the  shadow  of  death — 
Upon  them  hath  the  light  shined. 
'■*  Thou  hast  multiplied  the  nation, 
And  tnot  increased  the  joy  : 

They  joy  before  thee  according  to  the  joy  in  harvest, 
And  as  men  rejoice  when  they  divide  the  spoil. 
■*  tFor  thou  hast  broken  the  yoke  of  his  burden. 
And  the  staff  of  his  shoulder. 
The  rod  of  his  oppressor, 
As  in  the  day  of  Midian. 
^  *For  every  battle  of  the  warrior  is  with  confused  noise, 
And  garments  rolled  in  blood  ; 
fBut  this  shall  be  with  burning  and  tfuel  of  fire. 

^  For  'unto  us  a  child  is  born. 
Unto  us  a  "son  is  given  : 

And  ''the  government  shall  be  upon  his  shoulder  : 
And  his  name  shall  be  called  *  Wonderful,  Counsellor,  The  -TNIighty 

God, 
The  Everlasting  Father,  The  ^Prince  of  Peace. 
■^  Of  the  increase  of  his  government  and  peace  Hhere  shall  be  no  end, 
Upon  the  throne  of  David,  and  upon  his  kingdom. 
To  order  it,  and  to  establish  it 

With  judgment  and  with  justice  from  henceforth  even  for  ever. 
The  zeal  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  will  perform  this. 

^  The  Lord  sent  a  word  into  Jacob, 
And  it  hath  lighted  upon  Israel. 
^  And  all  the  people  shall  know, 
Even  Ephraim  and  the  inhabitant  of  Samaria, 
That  say  in  the  pride  and  stoutness  of  heart, 
^°  The  bricks  are  fallen  down — but  we  will  build  with  hewn  stones : 

The  sycamores  are  cut  down — but  we  will  change  them  into  cedars.' 
^^  Therefore  the  Lord  shall  set  up  the  adversaries  of  Rezin  against  him, 

And  *join  his  enemies  together ; 
^^  The  Syrians  before,  and  the  Philistines  behind  ; 
And  they  shall  devour  Israel  with  topen  mouth. 
For  all  this  his  anger  is  not  turned  away. 
But  his  hand  is  stretched  out  still. 

^^  For  the  people  turneth  not  unto  Him  that  smiteth  them. 
Neither  do  they  seek  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^^  Therefore  the  Lord  will  cut  off  from  Israel  head  and  tail, 

Branch  and  rush,  'in  one  day. 
^^  (The  ancient  and  honorable — he  is  the  head  ; 

And  the  prophet  that  teacheth  lies — he  is  the  tail.) 
^^  For  tthe  leaders  of  this  people  cause  them  to  err; 

And  *they  that  are  led  of  them  are  tdestroyed. 
^'^  Therefore  the  Lord  shall  have  no  joy  in  their  young  men. 
Neither  shall  have  mercy  on  their  fatherless  and  widows ; 
For  every  one  is  a  hypocrite  and  an  evildoer, 
And  every  mouth  speaketh  tfolly. 

For  all  this  his  anger  is  not  turned  away, 
But  his  hand  is  stretched  out  still. 
^®  For  wickedness  burneth  as  the  fire : 
It  shall  devour  the  briers  and  thorns, 
And  shall  kindle  in  the  thickets  of  the  forest. 
And  they  shall  mount  up  like  the  lifting  up  of  smoke. 
^^  Througii  the  wrath  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  is  the  land  darkened, 
And  the  people  shall  be  as  the  *fuel  of  the  fire : 
No  man  shall  spare  his  brother. 


Part  XII.] 


I  Or,  to  the  wri- 
ters that  write 
p'ievousness. 


I  Ho.  9.  ■ 

19.  14. 


a  Or,  Him, 
tlie  Lord. 
Ed. 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RUIN  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.    719 

20  And  he  shall  tsnatch  on  the  right  hand— and  be  hungry  ; 
And  he  shall  eat  on  the  left  hand — and  Hhey  shall  not  be  satisfied  : 
They  '^shall  eat  every  man  the  flesh  of  his  own  arm : 

21  Manasseh,  Ephraim  ;  and  Ephraim,  Manasseh  : 
And  they  together  shall  be  against  Judah. 

For  all  this  his  anger  is  not  turned  away, 
But  his  hand  is  stretched  out  still. 

1  Woe  unto  them  that  decree  unrighteous  decrees,       Isaiah  x.  1^. 
And  tthat  write  grievousness  which  they  have  prescribed ; 

2  To  turn  aside  the  needy  from  judgment, 
And  to  take  away  the  right  from  the  poor  of  my  people. 
That  widows  may  be  their  prey. 
And  that  they  may  rob  the  fatherless ! 

3  And  what  will  ye  do  in  'the  day  of  visitation, 
And  in  the  desolation  which  shall  come  from  far  ? 
To  whom  will  ye  flee  for  help  ? 
And  where  will  ye  leave  your  glory  ? 

'^  Without  ''me  they  shall  bow  down  under  the  prisoners, 
And  they  shall  fall  under  the  slain. 

For  all  this  his  anger  is  not  turned  away, 
But  his  hand  is  stretched  out  still. 
2  Kings  xvi.  5.     Then  Rezin  king  of  Syria  and  Pekah  son  of  Remaliah  king  of  Israel 
came  up  to  Jerusalem  to  war :  and  they  besieged  Ahaz,  but  could  not  overcome  him. 

SECT.  II.       Section    II.— Isaiah's  Prophecy  of  the  Ruin    of  Damascus,   and  of  the 
—  Ten    Tribes  S'^^ 

'  —     '         Svria  and  Israel  are  threatened.     6  A  remnant  shall  forsake  idolatry.     9  The  rest  shall  be  plagued 
for  their  impiety.     12  The  woe  of  Israel's  ene?mes. 

1  The  "Burden  of  Damascus. 
Behold,  Damascus  is  taken  away  from  being  a  city, 
And  it  shall  be  a  ruinous  heap.     ^ 

2  The  cities  of  Aroer  are  forsaken : 
They  shall  be  for  flocks, 
Which  shall  lie  down,  and  none  shall  make  them  afraid. 

3  The  fortress  also  shall  cease  from  Ephraim, 
And  the  kingdom  from  Damascus, 
And  the  remnant  of  Syria : 

They  shall  be  as  the  glory  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
Saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

4  And  in  that  day  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  the  glory  of  Jacob  shall 
And  the  fatness  of  his  flesh  shall  wa.v  lean.  [be  made  thin, 

^  And  it  shall  be  as  when  the  harvestman  gathereth  the  corn. 
And  reapeth  the  ears  with  his  arm ; 
And  it  shall  be  as  he  that  gathereth  ears  in  the  valley  of  Rephaim. 


a  Je.  49.  23.  Am 
1.  3.  Ze.  9.  1. 
Fulfilled  740, 
2  Ki.  16.  9. 


(«»)  This  prophecy  was  probably  delivered  soon 
after  those  of  the  seventh  and  eighth  chapters,  in 
the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Ahaz  ;  and  was  ful- 
filled when  Tiglath-pileser,  after  having  slain  Rezm 
its  king  in  battle,  took  Damascus  (2  Kings  xvi.  9.), 
reduced  all  that  country  under  his  dominion,  and 
put  an  end  to  the  kingdom  of  the  Syrians  in  Da- 
mascus, after  it  had  lasted  there  for  ten  generations, 
that  is,  from  the  time  of  Rezin.  the  son  of  Ehadah, 
who  first  founded  it,  while  Solomon  was  king  of 
Israel.  After  this,  Tiglath-pileser  marched  against 
Pekah,  and  seized  all  that  belonged  to  Israel  beyond 
Jordan,  and  also  all  the  land  of  Galilee,  and  carried 

ffreat  number  of  the  Israelites  captives  to  Assyria. 


notes  on  Isaiah,  4to  edit.  p.  205.  Prideaux's  Con- 
nection, vol.  i.  p.  6. 

Bishop  Horsley  observes,  "  I  think,  with  Casau- 
bon,  that  the  threatenings  against  the  Jews  in  this 
chapter,  though  the  captivity  of  the  ten  tribes  might 
be  the  more  immediate  object,  have  a  distant  ref- 
erence, however,  to  the  final  dispersion  of  the  whole 
nation  by  the  Romans,  which  seems  particularly  to 
be  the  subject  of  the  eleventh  verse." 

After  the  mention  of  this  ruin  of  the  Jewish 
nation,  the  prophet  goes  on  to  declare,  that,  not- 
withstanding this  visitation  of  God's  people,  the 
schemes  of  the  heathen,  who  thought,  in  their  de- 
struction, to  triumph  over  the  true  rehgion,  would 
■    •      -       ■        •■  ^-es  the 


This  prophecy  was  still  more  fullv  accomplished  in     be  disappointed  ;  and  the  fourteenth  verse  giv-. 
regard  to  Israel,  bv  the  conquest  of  the  kingdom,     Jews  hope  of  recovery  from  the  calamities  threa 


regard 


threatened 


and  the  captivitv  o"f  the  people  a  few  years  after  by     in  the  eleventh 
Shalmaneser.    (2  Kings  xviii.  11.)— Bishop  Lowth's 


720 


THE  DEVASTATION  OF  JUDAH  BY  PEKAH.     [Period  VL 


^  Yet  gleaning  grapes  shall  be  left  in  it,  as  the  shaking  of  an  olive  tree, 
Two  or  three  berries  in  the  top  of  the  uppermost  bough, 
Four  or  five  in  the  outmost  fruitful  branches  thereof, 
Saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel. 
Mic.  7. 7.  7  ^t  tijjjt  jj^y  s],^ll  j^  j-,-,^,-,  tjQQ].  tQ  hjs  Maker, 

And  his  eyes  shall  have  respect  to  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 
^  And  he  shall  not  look  to  the  altars,  the  work  of  his  hands. 
Neither  shall  respect  that  which  his  fingers  have  made, 
Or,  sun  images.       Either  thc  groves,  or  the  *images. 

^  In  that  day  shall  his  strong  cities  be  as  a  forsaken  bough, 
And  an  uppermost  branch, 

Which  they  left  because  of  the  children  of  Israel : 
And  there  shall  be  desolation. 
^°  Because  thou  hast  forgotten  the  God  of  thy  salvation, 
And  hast  not  been  mindful  of  the  rock  of  thy  strength. 
Therefore  shalt  thou  plant  pleasant  plants, 
And  shalt  set  it  with  strange  slips. 
^^  In  the  day  shalt  thou  make  thy  plant  to  grow, 

And  in  the  morning  shalt  thou  make  thy  seed  to  flourish ; 
But  the  harvest  shall  be  fa  heap  in  the  day  of  grief 
And  of  desperate  sorrow. 

^■^  Woe  to  the  tmultitude  of  many  people, 
Which  make  a  noise  like  the  noise  of  the  seas ; 
And  to  the  rushing  of  nations, 
*  Or,  many.  That  make  a  rushing  like  the  rushing  of  *mighty  waters  ! 

^^  The  nations  shall  rush  like  the  rushing  of  many  waters : 
But  God  shall  rebuke  them,  and  they  shall  flee  far  oflT, 
c  See  Job  21. 18.        And  "shall  be  chased  as  the  chaft'  of  the  mountains  before  the  wind, 
t  Or,  thistu-down.       And  like  fa  rolling  thing  before  the  whirlwind. 
^^  And  behold  at  eveningtide  trouble ; 
And  before  the  morning  he  is  not. 
This  is  the  portion  of  them  that  spoil  us, 
And  the  lot  of  them  that  rob  us. 


t  Or,  removed  in 
the  day  of  inher- 
itance, and  there 
shall  be  deadly 
sorrow. 

X  Or,  noise. 


M.  3263. 
C.  741. 


a  t.  e.  Ahiz.— Ed. 


Hob.  Darmcsck. 


Section    III. —  The  Devastation  of  Judah  hij  Pekah. 
2  Chron.  xxviii.  4-19. 

Judah  being  captivated  by  the  Israelites  is  sent  home  by  the  counsel  of  Odcd  the  prophet.     16  Ahai 
sending  for  aid  to  Assyria  is  not  helped  thereby. 

^  '^Hk  sacrificed  also  and  burnt  incense  in  the  high  places,  and  on  the 
hills,  and  under  every  green  tree.  ^  Wherefore  the  Lord  his  God  deliv- 
ered him  into  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Syria;  and  they  smote  him,  and 
carried  away  a  great  multitude  of  them  captives,  and  brought  them  to 
*Damascus.  And  he  was  also  delivered  into  the  hand  of  the  king  of 
Israel,  who  smote  him  with  a  great  slaughter. 

^For  Pekah  the   son   of  Remaliah   slew  in  Judah  an  hundred  and 

^j!az«r' **""  ""^      twenty  thousand  in  one  day,  which  were   all  tvaliant  men;  because 

they  had   forsaken   the  Lord   God  of  their   fathers.  "^  And  Zichri,  a 

mighty  man  of  Ephraim,  slew  Maaseiah  the  king's  son,  and  Azrikam 

^to^we'iin"  ^""""^  *^^^  govcmor  of  the  house,  and  Elkanah  that  was  tne.xt  to  the  king. 

^  And  the  children  of  Israel  carried  away  captive  of  their  brethren  two 

hunflred   thousand,  women,  sons,  and   daughters,  and   took  also  away 

niucii  spoil  from  them,  and  brought  the  spoil  to  Samaria.  ^  But  a  prophet 

2R  Is      ^^^  ^''^  Loud  .vas   there,  whose   name  was  Oded  ;   and    he  went   out 

10. 5.  &  47.  (i."     before  the  host  that  came  to  Samaria,  and   said  unto   them,  "Behold, 

26'r2.''bb7io,'     "because  the  Lord  God  of  your  fathers  was  wrolh  with  Judah,  he  hath 

b^z  9*^6  Re' 18.  ^l^'^'^'Pi'Gd  thciii  into  your  hand,  and  ye  have  slain  them  in  a  rage  that 

5-  'rcachcth  up  unto  heaven.  ^°  And   now  ye  purpose  to  keep  under  the 

'43%T'^^'^'    children  of  Judah  and  Jerusalem  for  "bondmen  and  bondwomen  unto 


Part  XH.]  OBADIAH  AND  ISAIAH  PROPHESY.  "721 

you  •  but  are  there  not  with  you,  even  with  you,  sins  against  the  Lord 
your  God'   ^^  Now  hear  me  therefore,  and  dehver  the  captives  agam, 
^ja.2.13.  vvhich  ye  have  taken  captive  of  your  brethren;  "for  the  fierce  vyrath 

of  the  Lord  is  upon  you."   ^'^  Then  certain  of  the  heads  of  the  children 
of  Ephraim,  Azariah  the  son  of  Johanan,  Berechiah  the  son  of  Meshil- 
lemoth   and  Jehizkiah  the  son   of  Shalhim,  and  Amasa  the  son  of 
Hadlai  stood  up  against  them  that  came  from  the  war,  ^^and  said  unto 
them    ''  Ye  shall  not  bring  in  the  captives  hither :  for  whereas  we  have 
offended  against  the  Lord  already,  ye  intend  to  add  more  to  our  sins 
and  to  our  trespass  ;  for  our  trespass  is  great,  and  there  is  fierce  wrath 
against  Israel."  ^^  So  the  armed  men  left  the  captives  and  the  spoi. 
before  the  princes  and  all  the  congregation.  ''  And  the  men  which  were 
expressed  by  name  rose  up,  and  took  the  captives,  and  with  the  spoil 
clothed  all  that  were  naked  among  them,  and  arrayed  them,  and  shod 
e2Ki.6^.Pr.    ^j^g^-,   and'gavc   them  to  eat  and  to  drink,  and  anointed  them,  and 
faTl'Ro.'ia"'     carried  all  the  feeble  of  them  upon  asses,  and  brought  them  to  Jericho, 
""■  the  city  of  palm  trees,  to  their  brethren  :  then  they  returned  to  Samaria. 

16  At  that  time  did  king  Ahaz  send  unto  the  kings  of  Assyria  to  help 
him.  i^For  again  the  Edomites  had  come  and  smitten  Judah,  and  car- 
*Heb.  a  captivity,  ried  away  *crptives.  ^^  The  Philistines  also  had  invaded  the  cities  of 
the  low  country,  and  of  the  south  of  Judah,  and  had  taken  Beth-shemesh, 
and  Ajalon,  and  Gederoth,  and  Shocho  with  the  villages  thereof,  and 
Timnah,  with  the  villages  thereof,  Gimzo  also  and  the  villages  thereof: 
and  they  dwelt  there.  ''^  For  the  Lord  brought  Judah  low  because  of 
Ahaz  king  of  Israel ;  for  he  made  Judah  naked,  and  transgressed  sore 
against  the  Lord. 

Section    IV. — Ohadiah  and  Isaiah  prophesy. 


SECT 

.  IV. 

A. 

M. 

3264. 

B 

.  C. 

740. 

THE  BOOK  OF  THE  PROPHET  OBADIAH.PS) 
Obadiah,  and  Isaiah  i.  2,  to  the  end. 

The  destruction  of  Edam,  3  for  their  pride,  10  and  for  '//«>  "^^^'f "  fri;AiL?' f^wJ^ 
a7id  victory  of  Jacob. —  Isaiah  i.  Isaiah  complaineth  of  Judah  for  her  rebellions.  6  He  la- 
"MtelfJgments.  10  He  upbraideth  their  whole  service.  16  He  exhortethto  repentance 
^!^h  promises  and  threatemngs.  21  Bewailing  their  wickedness,  hedenounceth  God's  judgments. 
25  He  promiseth  grace,  23  and  threateneth  destruction  to  the  mched. 

a  Is.  21. 11.  &  1  The  Vision  OF  Obadiah. 

It  'ioei  ■  fig""       Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  "concerning  Edom  ; 
Mai.  1. 3.  ^g  j^^^g  heard  a  rumor  from  the  Lord, 

And  an  ambassador  is  sent  among  the  heathen. 
Arise  ye,  and  let  us  rise  up  against  her  in  battle. 

2  Behold,  I  have  made  thee  small  among  the  heathen  : 
Thou  art  greatly  despised. 
3  The  pride  of  thy  heart  hath  deceived  thee, 
Thou  that  dwellest  in  the  clefts  of  the  rock, 
Whose  habitation  is  high ; 
't.Vi:''-  That  ^saith  in  his  heart.  Who  shall  bringme  down  to  the  ground  ? 

c  Job  26. 6.  Am.     4  Though  'thou  cxalt  thyself  as  the  eagle. 


p)  The  time  when   Obadiah  flourished  is  quite  the  prophecy  contained  m  it  with  ,  Chron    xxvm. 

uncertain       Liffhtfootmal.es    him    contemporary  ]7,  where  we  expressly  read.  "  For  apn  the  Ldom- 

w  th  Hosea,  and  imagines  that,  as  the  prophecy  is  ites   had   come    and    smitten   Judai.,  and    carried 

oey  vvritt^n  against  Edom,  the  Edomites  united  away  captives.  '     In  this  P^f..' Ta'lime  when 

with   Shishak   kin<r  of  Egypt   against   Jerusalem  count  of  injuries  certainly  infl  cted  at  a  Ume  when 

1  KinS    x^v.  25).   or   with    the  Philistines   and  Judah  was   in  the   greatest  distress,  and  brought 

Arabians  (2  Chron   xxi.  16, 17.).  or  with  Joash  king  very  low.     It  certainly  alludes  to  some  predatory 

^/fsrael    2  6hron.  xxv.  21.)  :  ^but  in  all  these  ex^  incursion  of  the  Edomites.  alone ;  nPP=^-';    J  ^n- 

peditions,we  have  no  account  whatever  that  the  connected    with    the   invasion    of    ^^e    Plnl.stines 

Edomites    took    any  part.     Archbishop   Newcome  mentioned  in  the  iollowing  verse      And  from    he 

Supposes  that  he  prophesied  before   the  taking  of  expression   "again  the  Edomites  h^^jon  e      may 

Jerusalem  and  the  destruction  of  Idumea  by  Nebu-  be  inferred,  that  they  had  often,  before  this  attack 

Jhadnezzar  ;  and  this  opinion  is  generally  a'dopted^  tnken  advantage  of  the  -.l-^t'-A^'^.ts  arrrn.^^^^ 

I  have,  however,  ventured  to  place  the  book  of  the  land  of  Judah.     Dupin  confirms  this  arrange 

Obadiah  in  this  place,  from  comparing  the  tenor  of  ment  of  Obadiah's  prophecy. 


VOL.    I. 


91  -^i 


722 


OBADIAH  PROPHESIES. 


Period  VI. 


'  Or,  gleanings. 


t  Heb.  The  men 
of  thy  peace. 


I  Heb.  The  men 
of  thy  bread. 


'  Or,  of  it. 


eGe.  27.  11.  Ps. 

137.  7.  Ez.  a5. 

12.  &  35.  5.  Am. 

1.  II. 
/Ez.  35.  9.  Mai. 

1.  4. 
I  Or,   his  sub- 

ftuncc. 
g  Joel  3.  3.  Nah. 

3.  10. 

X  Or,  do  not  be- 
hold, Sfc. 

A  Mic.  7.  8.  Pr. 

17.  5.  &  24.  17, 

18. 
*  Heb.  magnified 

thy  mouth. 


f  Or,  forces. 


j  Je.  25.  28,  29. 
Joel  3.  17.  1  Pe. 
4.  17. 

*  Or,  sup  up. 


k  Am.  9.  8. 

t  Or,  they  thai  es- 

cape. 
X  Or,n.'h'illhe 

Ao/y.  Joels.  17. 


And  though  thou  set  thy  nest  among  the  stars, 

Thence  will  I  bring  thee  down,  saith  the  Lord. 
^  If  thieves  came  to  thee,  if  robbers  by  night, 

(How  art  thou  cut  off!) 

Would  they  not  have  stolen  till  they  had  enough  ? 

If  the  gra[)egatherers  came  to  thee, 

Would  "^they  not  leave  *  some  grapes  ? 

^  How  are  the  things  of  Esau  searched  out ! 

How  are  his  hidden  things  sought  up  ! 
"^  All  the  men  of  thy  confederacy  have  brought  thee  even  to  the  border  : 

tThe  men  that  were  at  peace  with  thee  have  deceived  thee, 

And  prevailed  against  thee  ; 

tThey  that  eat  thy  bread  have  laid  a  wound  under  thee  : 

There  is  none  understanding  *in  him. 
^  Shall  I  not  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord, 

Even  destroy  the  wise  men  out  of  Edom, 

And  understanding  out  of  the  Mount  of  Esau  ? 
^  And  thy  mighty  men,  O  Teman  !  shall  be  dismayed, 

To  the  end  that  every  one  of  the  Mount  of  Esau 

May  be  cut  off  by  slaughter. 
^°  For  thy  'violence  against  thy  brother  Jacob  shame  shall  cover  thee. 

And  -^thou  shalt  be  cut  off  for  ever. 
^^  In  the  day  that  thou  stoodest  on  the  other  side, 

In  the  day  that  the  strangers  carried  away  tcaptive  his  forces, 

And  foreigners  entered  into  his  gates, 

And  ^cast  lots  upon  Jerusalem — even  thou  wast  as  one  of  them. 
^-  But  Ithou  shouldest  not  have  looked  on  the  day  of  thy  brother 

In  the  day  that  he  became  a  stranger  ; 

Neither  shouldest   thou  have  ''rejoiced  over   the  children  of  Judah 

In  the  day  of  their  destruction  ; 

Neither  shouldest  thou  have  *spoken  proudly  in  the  day  of  distress. 
^^  Thou  shouldest  not  have  entered  into  the  gate  of  my  people 

In  the  day  of  their  calamity  ; 

Yea,  thou  shouldest  not  have  looked  on  their  affliction 

In  the  day  of  their  calamity. 

Nor  have  laid  hands  on  their  tsubstance  in  the  day  of  their  calamity  ; 
^*  Neither  shouldest  thou  have  stood  in  the  crossway, 

To  cut  off  those  of  his  that  did  escape  ; 

Neither  shouldest  thou  have  tdelivered  up  those  of  his 

That  did  remain  in  the  day  of  distress. 

^^  For  the  day  of  the  Lord  is  near  upon  all  the  heathen  : 

As  'thou  hast  done,  it  shall  be  done  unto  thee : 

Thy  reward  shall  return  upon  thine  own  head. 
^•^  For  •'as  ye  have  drunk  upon  my  holy  mountain, 

So  shall  all  the  heathen  drink  continually. 

Yea,  they  shall  drink,  and  they  shall  *swallow  down. 

And  tliey  shall  be  as  though  they  had  not  been. 
^"  But  upon  Mount  Zion  *shall  be  tdeliverance. 

And  tthere  shall  be  holiness  ; 

And  the  house  of  Jacob  shall  possess  their  possessions. 
^®  And  the  house  of  Jacob  shall  be  a  fire, 

And  the  house  of  Joseph  a  flame. 

And  the  house  of  Esau  for  stubble, 

And  they  shall  kindle  in  them,  and  devour  them  ; 

And  there  shall  not  be  anv  remaining  of  the  house  of  Esau ; 

For  the  Lord  hath  spoken  it. 
^^  And  they  of  the  south  shall  possess  the  Mount  of  Esau  ; 


Part  XII.] 


ISAIAH  EXHORTS  JUDAH  TO  REPENTANCE. 


723 


*  Or,  skall  pos- 
sess that  which 
is  in  Sepharad. 

I  1  Ti.  4.  16.  Ja. 
5.20. 


.»  Ps.  22.  28.  Da. 
2.  44.  &  7.14,  27. 
Ze.  14.  9.  Lu. 
1.33. 


t  Heb.  of  heavi- 
ness. 
n  Mat.  3.  7. 


J  Heb.  alienated, 
or,  separated, 
Ps.  58.  3. 

*  Heb.  increase 
revolt. 


t  Or,  oil. 

o  De.  28.  51,  52, 


%  Weh.  as  the  over- 
throw of  stran- 
gers. 


p  T.a.  3.  22.  Ro. 
9.29. 


And  they  of  the  plain  the  Philistines:  ,„     «  ^    ^f  Q. 

And  they  shall  possess  the  fields  of  Ephraim,  and  the  fields  ot  ba- 

And  Benjamin  shall  possess  Gilead.  [maria  : 

">  And  the  captivity  of  this  host  of  the  children  of  Israel 

Shall  possess  that  of  the  Canaanites,  even  unto  Zarephath; 

And  the  captivity  of  Jerusalem,  (* which  is  in  Sepharad,) 

Shall  possess  the  cities  of  the  South. 
'1  And  'saviours  shall  come  up  on  Mount  Zion 

To  judge  the  Mount  of  Esau  ; 

And  ""the  kingdom  shall  be  the  Lokd's. 

[end  of  the    book  of  the    prophet    obadiah.] 
2  Hear,  O  heavens  !  and  give  ear,  O  earth  !         I^^'-"  -  2,  to  end.im 

For  the  Lord  hath  spoken, 

I  have  nourished  and  brought  up  children, 

And  they  have  rebelled  against  me. 
3  The  ox  knoweth  his  owner. 

And  the  ass  his  master's  crib : 

But  Israel  doth  not  know, 

My  people  doth  not  consider. 

4  Ah  sinful  nation,  a  people  tladen  with  iniquity, 

A  "seed  of  evildoers,  children  that  are  corrupters  ! 

They  have  forsaken  the  Lord, 

They  have  provoked  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  unto  anger, 

They  are  tgone  away  backward. 

5  Why  should  ye  be  stricken  any  more  ? 
Ye  will  *revolt  more  and  more  ; 

The  whole  head  is  sick,  and  the  whole  heart  faint. 

6  From  the  sole  of  the  foot  even  unto  the  head  there  is  no  soundness 
But  wounds,  and  bruises,  and  putrifying  sores :  [m  it ; 
They  have  not  been  closed,  neither  bound  up, 

Neither  mollified  with  Tointment. 
■''  Your  "country  is  desolate, 
Your  cities  are  burned  with  fire  : 
Your  land,  strangers  devour  it  in  your  presence. 
And  it  is  desolate,  las  overthrown  by  strangers. 

8  And  the  daughter  of  Zion  is  left  as  a  cottage  m  a  vineyard, 
As  a  lodge  in  a  garden  of  cucumbers. 

As  a  besieged  city. 

9  Except  nhe  Lord  of  hosts  had  left  unto  us  a  very  small  remnant, 
We  should  have  been  as  Sodom, 

And  we  should  have  been  like  unto  Gomorrah. 

10  Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  ye  rulers  of  Sodom ! 
Give  ear  unto  the  law  of  our  God,  ye  people  of  Gomorrah  ! 

appeal  to  the  Jews,  both  by  promises  and  threaten- 
iiio-s,  and  is  well  calculated  to  arrest  their  attention. 
Itls'probable,  on  this  account,  that  Ezra,  when  he 
reformed  the  canon  of  Scripture,  placed  this  chap- 
ter first  in  Isaiah,  considering  it  a  good  introduction 
to  the  whole  book.  Bishop  Lowth  supposes  that  it 
may  have  been  delivered  towards  the  end  of  the 
reion  of  Jotham ;  but  there  is  no  historical  proof 
of  tire  correctness  of  his  supposition.  He  mentions 
the  general  opinion  that  the  chapter  describes  the 
distress  in  the  reign  of  Ahaz,  and  its  unsuitable- 
ness  to  the  reigns  either  of  Uzziah  or  Jotham,  who 
were  both  powerful  princes.  And  on  the  strength 
of  those  arguments  the  chapter  is  inserted  here,  as 
being  more  descriptive  of  the  state  of  Judah  at  this 
time,  than  at  any  other  period  of  the  prophet  a 
mission. 


(30)  At  this  period  of  tlie  history  of  Judah,  the 
land  was  suffering  under  an  idolatrous  king,  suc- 
cessfully invading  armies,  captivity,  and  rum.  Iri 
2  Chron.  x.Kviii.  6,  8,  9,  we  read  that  Pekah  had 
slain  in  Judah  an  hundred  and  twenty  thousand  in 
one  day,  that  the  children  of  Israel  had  carried 
away  captive  two  hundred  thousand  of  their  women, 
sons,  and  daughters,  because  the  Lord  God  was 
wroth  with  Judah ;  that  the  Philistines  and  Edom- 
ites  had  alike  ravaged  the  country,  and  taken  many 
of  their  towns,  (ver.  17,  18.)  The  expressions, 
therefore,  "  your  country  is  desolate,"  "  your  cities 
burnt  with  fire,"  describe  most  forcibly  the  ruinous 
condition  to  which  Judah  was  now  reduced ;  and, 
in  all  probability,  the  prophet  took  advantage  of 
the  desolation  that  surrounded  him  to  exhort  the 
people  to  repentance.     This  chapter  is  an  animated 


724 


q  1  Sa.  15.  22.  Ps. 

50.  8,  9.  Pr.  15. 

8.  &21.27.  Je. 

6.  SO.  &.  7.  21. 

Am.  5.  -21,22. 

ftlic  6.  7. 
*  Heb.  ip-eat 

he-goals. 
f  Heb.  to  he  seen. 

Ex.  23.  17. 


X  Or,  grief. 
s  Nu.  28.  11. 


t  he.  23.  2,  &.C. 
La.  2.  6. 


u  Job  27.  29.  Pr. 

1.-28.  Je.  14.  12. 

Mic.  3.  4. 
V  1  Ti.  2.  8. 
*  Heb.  multiply 

prayer. 
\  Ileb.  bloods. 


wVa.  31.  14.  Am. 

5.  15.  Ro.  12.  9. 

1  Pe.  3.  11. 
X  Or,  righlen. 


t  Ps.  51.  7. 
Ro.  7.  14. 


/  Nu.  23.  19.  Tit. 
1.2. 


*  Heb.  according 
to  pureness. 
Mai.  3.  3. 


t  Or,  they  that  re- 
turn vfher. 
X  Heb.  breaking. 


ISAIAH  EXHORTS  JUDAH  TO  REPENTANCE.     [Period  VI. 

^^  To  what  purpose   is   the    multitude    of   your  'sacrifices  unto    me  ? 
saith  the  Lord  : 

I  am  full  of  the  burnt  offerings  of  rams,  and  the  fat  of  fed  beasts ; 

And  I  delight  not  in  the  blood  of  bullocks,  or  of  lambs,  or  of  *he- 
goats. 
^^  When  ye  come  tto  appear  before  me. 

Who  hath  required  this  at  your  hand,  to  tread  my  courts  ? 
I"'  Bring  no  more  ""vain  oblations  ; 

Incense  is  an  abomination  unto  me  ; 

The  new-moons  and  Sabbaths,  the  calling  of  assemblies,  I  cannot 

It  is  liniquity — even  the  solemn  meeting.  [away  with  ; 

^^  Your  'new-moons  and  your  'appointed  feasts  my  soul  hateth  : 

They  are  a  trouble  unto  me  ; 

I  am  weary  to  bear  them. 
^^  And  "when  ye  spread  forth  your  hands, 

I  will  hide  mine  eyes  from  you : 

Yea,  "when  ye  *make  many  prayers,  I  will  not  hear — 

Your  hands  are  full  of  f blood. 
^^  Wash  you,  make  you  clean  ; 

Put  away  the  evil  of  your  doings  from  before  mine  eyes ; 

Cease  "to  do  evil ;  ^^  learn  to  do  well ; 

Seek  judgment,  trelieve  the  oppressed, 

Judge  the  fatherless,  plead  for  the  widow. 

^^  Come  now,  and  let  us  reason  together,  saith  the  Lord  : 

Though  your  sins  be  as  scarlet — they  "^shall  be  as  white  as  snow  ; 

Though  they  be  red  like  crimson — they  shall  be  as  wool 
^^  If  ye  be  willing  and  obedient, 

Ye  shall  eat  the  good  of  the  land : 
^°  But  if  ye  refuse  and  rebel. 

Ye  shall  be  devoured  with  the  sword  : 

For  '^the  mouth  of  the  Lord  hath  spoken  it. 
^1  How  is  the  faithful  city  become  a  harlot ! 

It  was  full  of  judgment; 

Righteousness  lodged  in  it — but  now  murderers. 
^^  Thy  silver  is  become  dross. 

Thy  wine  mi.xed  with  water: 
^^  Thy  princes  are  rebellious,  and  ""companions  of  thieves  : 

Every  one  loveth  gifts,  and  followeth  after  rewards : 

They  judge  not  the  fatherless, 

Neither  doth  the  cause  of  the  widow  come  unto  them. 
2^  Therefore  saith  the  Lord, 

The  Lord  of  hosts,  the  mighty  One  of  Israel, 

Ah,  I  will  ease  me  of  mine  adversaries, 

And  avenge  me  of  mine  enemies: 
^^  And  I  will  turn  my  hand  upon  thee. 

And  *purely  purge  away  thy  dross, 

And  take  away  all  thy  tin : 
^^  And  I  will  restore  thy  judges  as  at  the  first, 

And  thy  counsellors  as  at  the  beginning  : 

Afterward  thou  shalt  be  called, 

The  city  of  righteousness,  the  faithful  city. 
^"^  Zion  shall  be  redeemed  with  judgment, 

And  ther  converts  with  righteousness. 
2^  And  the  ^destruction  of  the  transgressors  and  of  the  sinners  shall  be 

And  they  that  forsake  the  Lokd  shall  be  consumed.  [together, 

29  For  they  shall  be  ashamed  of  the  oaks  which  ye  have  desired, 

And  ye  shall  be  confounded  for  the  gardens  that  ye  have  chosen. 


Part  XII.] 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  ISRAEL. 


(25 


*Or, 

hU  work. 

SECT.   V. 

A. 

M. 

3264. 

B. 

.  C. 

740. 

•^^  For  ye  shall  be  as  an  oak  whose  leaf  fadeth, 

And  as  a  garden  that  hath  no  water. 
^^  And  the  strong  shall  be  as  tow, 

And  *the  maker  of  it  as  a  spark, 

And  they  shall  both  burn  together, 

And  none  shall  quench  them. 

Section  V. — Alliance  of  Ahaz  with    Tiglath-pilcscr,  King  of  Assyria  ; — 
Ahaz  commits  Idolatry ; — Isaiah  and  Hosea  prophesy. 

2   Kings    xvi.  6-9.— Isaiah   xxviii.— 2  Chron.   xxviii.  20-23.— 2  Kings  xvi.  10-18.— 
2  Chron.  xxviii.  24,  25. — Hosea  v.  and  vi. 

Ahaz  hireth  the  aid  of  Tiglath-pileser.     Isaiah  threateneth  Ephra 
The  residue  shall  be  advanced  in  the  kingdom  of  Christ, 
untowardiiess  to  leant,  and  their  security.      Christ  the  sun 
security  shall  be  tried.      They  are  incited  to  the  consideration  of  God's  discreet  providence. 

"       '  '   '.     '  l'>J  TJ    ■       ■  ' _  

Damascus,  and  sends  a  pattern  of  an  idolatrous  altar  to  Vrijah,  who  erects  it,  and  Ahaz  divertetk 


mfor  their  pride  and  drunkenness. 
He  rebvketh  their  error.  Their 
foundation  is  promised.      Their 


*  Heb.  Eloth. 

t  Heb.  -ni^ath- 
piteser,  1  Ch.  5. 
26,  &  2  Ch.  28. 
20,  Tilgath- 
pUneser. 


X  Heb.  Damme- 


Foretold,  Am. 
1.5. 


Ahaz  is  not  helped  Inj  Tiglath-pileser.  In  his  distress  he  groweth  more  idolatrous. 
Damascus,  and  sends  a  pattern  of  an  idolatrous  altar  to  Vrijah,  who  erects  it,  and  j 
the  brazen  altar  to  his  own  devotion.  He  spoileth  the  temple  and  commiiteth  idolatry.  Hosea 
prophesies  God's  judgments  against  the  priests,  the  people,  and  the  princes  of  Israel,  for  their 
nmnifold  sins,  until  they  repent.  His  exhortation  to  repentance.  A  complaint  of  their  untoward- 
ness  and  inirjiiitij. 

^  At  that  time  Rezin  king  of  Syria  recovered  Elath  to  Syria,  and 
drave  the  Jews  from  *Elath ;  and  the  Syrians  came  to  Elath,  and  dwelt 
there  unto  this  day.  '''  So  Ahaz  sent  messengers  to  tTiglath-pileser  king 
of  Assyria,  saying,  "  I  am  thy  servant  and  thy  son :  come  up,  and  save 
me  out  of  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Syria,  and  out  of  the  hand  of  the 
king  of  Israel,  which  rise  up  against  me."  ^  And  Ahaz  took  the  silver 
and  gold  that  was  found  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  in  the  treasures 
of  the  king's  house,  and  sent  it  for  a  present  to  the  king  of  Assyria. 
^  And  the  king  of  Assyria  hearkened  unto  him  ;  for  the  king  of  Assyria 
went  up  against  ^Damascus,  and  "took  it,  and  carried  the  people  of  it 
captive  to  Kir,  and  slew  Rezin. 

^  Woe  to  the  crown  of  pride,  to  the  drunkards  of    Isaiah  xxviii.O) 
Ephraim, 

Whose  glorious  beauty  is  a  fading  flower. 

Which  are  on  the  head  of  the  fat  valleys  of  them  that  are  *overcome 
^  Behold  the  Lord  hath  a  mighty  and  strong  one,  [with  wine ! 

Which  as  a  tempest  of  hail  and  a  destroying  storm, 

As  a  flood  of  mighty  waters  overflowing, 

Shall  cast  down  to  the  earth  with  the  hand. 
^  The  crown  of  pride,  the  drunkards  of  Ephraim, 

Shall  be  trodden  tunder  feet  : 
"*  And  the  glorious  beauty,  which  is  on  the  head  of  the  fat  valley, 

Shall  be  a  fading  flower,  and  as  the  hasty  fruit  before  the  summer ; 

Which  when  he  that  looketh  upon  it  seeth. 

While  it  is  yet  in  his  hand  he  leateth  it  up. 

^  In  that  day  shall  the  Lord  of  hosts  be  for  a  crown  of  glory, 

And  for  a  diadem  of  beauty,  unto  the  residue  of  his  people, 
^  And  for  a  spirit  of  judgment  to  him  that  sitteth  in  judgment. 

And  for  strength  to  them  that  turn  the  battle  to  the  gate. 
'  But  they  also  'have  erred  through  wine, 

And  through  strong  drink  are  out  of  the  way  ; 

The  priest  and  the  prophet  have  erred  through  strong  drink, 

They  are  swallowed  up  of  wine. 

They  are  out  of  the  way  through  strong  drink ; 

They  err  in  vision,  they  stumble  in  judgment. 

(3')  This  chapter  denounces  the  approaching  de-  final  captivity  of  the  Israelites.     The  exact  time  of 

atruction  of  the  ten  tribes  by  Shalmaneser,  without  its  delivery  is  uncertain  ;  it  is  conjectured  that  it 

any   mention   of  Syria  or    Damascus.      The   fifth  was  given  after  the  destruction  of  Damascus,  740, 

verse  turns  to  the  two  tribes  of  Judah   and  Benja-  and  before  the  first  captivity  of  the  ten  tribes,  721. 

min,  who  were  to  continue  a  kingdom  after  the  — Lowth;  Taylor;  Lightfoot. 

VOL.    I.  3  I  * 


t  Heb.  with  feet. 


J  Heb.  swallowetk. 


b  Pr.  20.  1.  Ho. 
4.  11. 


726 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  ISRAEL. 


[Period  VI. 


•  Heb.  the  hear- 
ing. 


t  Or,  Itadi  been. 


a  Or,  by  stammer- 
ing lips  :  t.  t.  by 
leading  tbera 
into  Captivity, 
where  in  talking 
a  foreign  tongue 
they  will  stam- 
mer.— Ed. 

J  Heb.  stammer- 
ings of  lips. 
1  Co.  14.  -21. 

*  Or,  He  JmUi 
spoken. 


e  Ge.  49. 43.  Ps. 
118.  23.  Mat.  21. 
4a.  Ac.  4.  11. 
Ro.  9.  33.  &  10. 
11.  Ep.  2.  20. 
]  Pe.  2.  6-8. 


f  Heb.  a  treading 
down  to  it. 


J  Or,  when  he 
shall  make  you 
to  understand 
doctrine. 


®  For  all  tables  are  full  of  vomit  and  filthiness, 

So  that  there  is  no  place  clean, 

^  Whom  shall  he  leach  knowledge? 

And  whom  shall  he  make  to  understand  *doctrine  ? 

Them  that  are  weaned  from  the  milk, 

And  drawn  from  the  breasts. 

^°  For  precept  f  must  be  upon  precept,  precept  upon  precept ; 

Line  upon  line,  line  upon  line : 

Here  a  little,  and  there  a  little. 
11  Yor  ""with  ^stammering  lips  and  another  tongue 

*Will  he  speak  to  this  people. 
^^  To  whom  he  said, 

"  This  is  the  rest  wherewith  ye  may  cause  the  weary  to  rest ; " 

And  "  This  is  the  refreshing  ;  " 

Yet  they  would  not  hear. 
^^  But  the  word  of  the  Lord  was  unto  them 

Precept  upon  precept,  precept  upon  precept ; 

Line  upon  line,  line  upon  line ; 

Here  a  little,  and  there  a  little ; 

That  they  might  go,  and  fall  backward,  and  be  broken, 

And  snared,  and  taken. 
^^  Wherefore  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  ye  scornful  men, 

That  rule  this  people  which  is  in  Jerusalem. 
^^  Because  ye  have  said, 

"  We  have  made  a  covenant  with  death, 

And  with  hell  are  we  at  agreement ; 

When  the  overflowing  scourge  shall  pass  through,  it  shall  not  come 

For  we  have  made  lies  our  refuge,  [unto  us : 

And  under  falsehood  have  we  hid  ourselves." 
^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Behold,  I  lay  in  Zion  for  a  foundation  'a  stone, 

A  tried  stone,  a  precious  corner-stone,  a  sure  foundation  : 

He  that  believeth  shall  not  make  haste. 
^"^  Judgment  also  will  I  lay  to  the  line, 

And  righteousness  to  the  plummet : 

And  the  hail  shall  sweep  away  the  refuge  of  lies, 

And  the  waters  shall  overflow  the  hiding-place. 
^^  And  your  covenant  with  death  shall  be  disannulled, 

And  your  agreement  with  hell  shall  not  stand  ; 

When  the  overflowing  scourge  shall  pass  through, 

Then  ye  shall  be  ttrodden  down  by  it. 
^^  From  the  time  that  it  goeth  forth  it  shall  take  you : 

For  morning  by  morning  shall  it  pass  over. 

By  day  and  by  night  : 

And  it  shall  be  a  vexation  only  tto  understand  the  report. 
^•^  For  the  bed  is  shorter  than  that  a  man  can  stretch  himself  on  it: 

And  the  covering  narrower  than  that  he  can  wrap  himself  in  it. 
^^  For  the  Lord  shall  rise  up  as  in  Mount  Perazim, 

He  shall  be  wroth  as  in  the  Valley  of  Gibeon, 

That  he  may  do  his  work,  his  strange  work  ; 

And  bring  to  pass  his  act,  his  strange  act. 
2^  Now  therefore  be  ye  not  mockers. 

Lest  your  bands  be  made  strong  : 

For  I  have  heard  from  the  Lord  God  of  hosts  ''a  consumption, 

Even  determined  upon  the  whole  earth. 
^^  Give  ye  ear,  and  hear  my  voice  ; 

Hearken,  and  hear  my  speech. 


p^^T  XII.]  AHAZ  COMMITS  IDOLATRY.  T27 

24  Doth  the  ploughman  plough  all  day  to  sow  ? 
Doth  he  open  and  break  the  clods  of  his  ground  ? 

25  When  he  hath  made  plain  the  face  thereof, 

Doth  he  not  cast  abroad  the  fitches,  and  scatter  the  cumm, 
*  Or,  tj,c..kcat  in       And  cast  lu  *the  principal  wheat  and  the  appomted  barley 
pil^e"andbLie,j       And  the  trye  in  their  tplace  ? 
ilce."''^"""'^    26  *For  his  God  doth  instruct  him  to  discretion, 
t  ot,  spelt.  And  doth  teach  him.  ,  .       . 

t  o''';,*;';^;;;^  ^^  For  the  fitches  are  not  threshed  with  a  threshing  instrument, 
*e^hufJlckfort       Neither  is  a  cart-wheel  turned  about  upon  the  cumm  ; 
uJ:kM:!i:l       But  the  fitches  are  beaten  out  with  a  staff, 
And  the  cumin  with  a  rod. 

28  Bread  corn  is  bruised  ; 
Because  he  will  not  ever  be  threshing  it, 
Nor  break  it  with  the  wheel  of  his  cart. 
Nor  bruise  it  with  his  horsemen. 

29  This  also  cometh  forth  from  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
Which  is  wonderful  in  counsel,  and  excellent  in  working. 


7.15 


20  And  Tilgath-pilneser  king  of  Assyria  came  unto  him, 


2  Chron. 

xxviii.  20-23. 


and  distressed  him,  but  strengthened  him  <  'not.  "  For 
Ahaz  took  away  a  portion  out  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  out  ot 
the  house  of  the  king,  and  of  the  princes,  and  gave  it  unto  the  king  ol 
Assyria  :  but  he  helped  him  not.  . 

22  And  in  the  time  of  his  distress  did  he  trespass  yet  more  against 

the  Lord  :  this  is  that  king  Ahaz.  23  For  he  sacrificed  unto  the  gods  of 

tmb.Dan.esek.  fDamascus,  which  smote  him  :  and  he  said,  "  Because  the  gods  ot  the 

kings  of  Syria  help  them,  therefore  will  I  sacrifice  to  them,  that  they 

may  help  me."  But  they  were  the  ruin  of  him,  and  of  all  Israel. 

10  And  king  Ahaz  went  to  Damascus  to  meet  Tiglath-     2  Kjngj  xvi. 
pileser  king  of  Assyria,  and  saw  an  altar  that  was  at  Da-  "    • 

mascus;  and  king  Ahaz  sent  to  Urijah  the  priest  the   fashion  of  the 
altar,  and  the  pattern  of  it,  according  to  all  the  workmanship  thereof. 
11  And  Uriiah  the  priest  built  an  altar  according  to  all  that  kmg  Ahaz 
had  sent  from  Damascus  ;  so  Urijah  the  priest  made  it  against  kmg 
Ahaz  came  from  Damascus.  ^^  And  when  tlie  king  was  come  from  Da- 
mascus, the  king  saw  the  altar  ;  and  the  king  approached  to  the  altar 
and  offered  thereon.  ^^  And  he  burnt  his  burnt  oflcring  and  his  meat 
t  „eb. ....        offering,  and  poured  his  drink  offering,  and  sprinkled  the  blood  of  Ihis 
peace  Offerings,  upon  the  altar.    ^^  And  he  brought  also  the  brazen  altar, 
which  was  before  the  Lord,  from  the  forefront  of  the  house,  frorn 
between  the  altar  and  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  pnt  it  on  the  north 
side  of  the  altar.  ^^  And  king  Ahaz  commanded  Urijah  the  priest   say- 
ing   "  Upon  the  great  altar  burn  Hhe  morning  burnt  offering,  and  the 
evening  meat  offering,  and  the  king  s  burnt  sacrifice,  and  his  meat  offer- 
inc,  with  the  burnt  offering  of  all  the  people  of  the  land,  and  their  meat 
offering,  and  their  drink  ofterings  ;  and  sprinkle  upon  it  all  the  blood 
of  the  burnt  offering,  and   all  the   blood    of  the   sacrifice:  and    the 
blazon  altaf shall  be^for  me  to  inquire  by."  -Thus  did  Urijah  the 
priest,  according  to  all  that  king  Ahaz  commanded. 
/I  Ki.  7. 27, 28.    ^  17  AijJun^Ahaz_cut  off  ^the  borders  of  the  bases,  and  removed 

— ^"r         A  /.T  v;r,n-=     liftlp  rpnl  stTvipe      He  did  not  assist  him  in  recov- 

cult  to  reconcnet^^s  account    ^^^^^^^^^  |^  .^^,^^.^j^  tlv  w^y  was  opened  for  the  more  easy 


were  his. 


e  Ex.  29.  39-41. 


728  HOSEA'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  ISRAEL.        [Period  VI. 

£■  1  Ki.  7. 23, 25.  the  laver  from  off  them  ;  and  took  down  ^the  sea  from  off  the  brazen 
oxen  that  were  under  it,  and  put  it  upon  a  pavement  of  stones.  ^^  And 
the  covert  for  the  Sabbath  that  they  had  built  in  the  house,  and  the 
king's  entry  without,  turned  he  from  the  house  of  the  Lord  for  the 
king  of  Assyria. 

-^  And  Aliaz  gathered  together  the  vessels  of  the  house  2  Chron. 
of  God,  and  cut  in  pieces  the  vessels  of  the  house  of  God,  ^^^"''  ^'  ^' 
and  shut  up  the  doors  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  he  made  him 
altars  in  every  corner  of  Jerusalem.  ^^And  in  every  several  city  of 
*  Or,  to  offer.  Judah  he  made  high  places  *to  burn  incense  unto  other  gods,  and 
provoked  to  anger  the  Lord  God  of  his  fathers. 

^  Hear  ye  this,  O  priests  !  Hosea  v.(^i 

And  hearken,  ye  house  of  Israel  ! 
And  give  ye  ear,  O  house  of  the  king ! 
For  judgment  is  toward  you, 
Because  ye  have  been  a  snare  on  Mizpah, 
And  a  net  spread  upon  Tabor. 
^  And  the  revolters  are  profound  to  make  slaughter, 
tor,.4n(f,  4c  tThough  I  havc  been  ta  rebuker  of  them  all. 

t  Heb.  a  earrec-         q  t  I  T7     r.       • 

*tion.  1  know  bphraun. 

And  Israel  is  not  hid  from  me  ; 

For  now,  O  Ephraim  !  thou  committest  whoredom, 

And  Israel  is  defiled. 
*7."''w«r*or"""    ^  *They  will  not  frame  their  doings  to  turn  unto  their  God; 
Thttr  doings'  For  thc  Spirit  of  whoredoms  is  in  the  midst  of  them, 

will  not  suffer  a       i      i  i  i  it 

tkcn.  And  they  have  not  known  the  Lord. 

^  And  the  pride  of  Israel  doth  testify  to  his  face : 
Therefore  shall  Israel  and  Ephraim  fall  in  their  iniquity ; 
Judah  also  shall  fall  with  them. 

They  ''shall   go  with   their  flocks   and  with  their  herds  to  seek  the 
z  8  18  Mic.  Lord; 

4.  Jo.  7.  34.  ' 

But  they  shall  not  find  him  ; 

He  hath  withdrawn  himself  from  them. 

They  have  'dealt  treacherously  against  the  Lord  ; 

For  they  have  begotten  strange  children: 

Now  shall  a  month  devour  them  with  their  portions. 

■^  Blow  ye  the  cornet  in  Gibeah, 
And  the  trumpet  in  Ramah  ; 
Cry  aloud  at  Beth-aven,  after  thee,  O  Benjamin  ! 
^  Ephraim  shall  be  desolate  in  the  day  of  rebuke : 
Among  the  tribes  of  Israel  have  I  made  known  that  which   shall 
surely  be. 
^^  The  princes  of  Judah  were  like  them  that  remove  the  bound : 
Therefore  I  will  pour  out  my  wrath  upon  them  like  water. 

^^  Ephraim  is  oppressed  and  broken  in  judgment, 
Because  he  willingly  walked  after  the  commandment. 
^^  Therefore  will  I  be  unto  Ephraim  as  a  moth, 
^2.''4"  "'"""■  ^''       ^"*^'  ^"  ^''^  house  of  Judah  as  trottenness. 
^^  When  Ephraim  saw  his  sickness. 
And  Judah  saw  his  wound. 
Then  went  Ephraim  to  the  Assyrian, 

(™)  The   predictions  contained  in   the   fifth  and  because  Ephraim  was  the  first  offender.     (2  Kings 

sixtii  chapters  of  Hosea,  accordintr  to  Lightfoot,  xv.  19.)     'I'heso  chajjters  are  supposed  principally 

wire  uttered  after  Aliaz  had  applied  to  the  Assyri-  to  refer  to  tlie  ten  tribes  :  yet  as  Judah  is  so  closely 

ans  for  help.     In  cliap.  v.  i:<,  botli  Israel  and  Judah  connected  with   them  in  the   prophecy,  I  have  in- 

are   reproved  for  this  rcli.mce  on   Tiglatb-pilcser,  serted    these   chapters   in    the    reign  of"  Ahaz,  in 

for   wliich   they   are  threatened   with   i)unishiiient.  preference  to  that  of  Pekah  ;  as,  after  tlie  revolt  of 

Ephraim  is  more  particularly  mentioned  in  this  pns-  Israel  under  Jeroboam,  the  kingdom  of  Judah  be- 

sage,  although  Judah  was  guilty  of  the  same  sin  ;  came  the  chief  object  of  attention. 


A  Pr.  1. 
1.5.  Je 


20.  Mai.  2.  n. 


Part  XII.] 


HOSEA'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  ISRAEL. 


729 


a  (.  r.  Judah  sent. 

—Ed. 
X  Or,  U}  thr.khig 

of  J  111- cb  ;  or,  to 

th"  kiit'T  t'lat 

shii  aid  plead. 


*  Heb.  be  guilty. 

Le.  26.  40,  41. 

Je.  29.  12,  13. 

Ez.  tj.  9. 
j  Ps.  78.  34. 
k  De.  32.  39. 

1  Sa.  2.  6.  Job 

5.  18. 
I  Je.  30.  17. 
vt  1  Co.  15.  4. 


n  Je.  23.  29.  He. 

4.  12. 

J  Or,  That  thy 
judgments  might 

be,  4-c. 
a  Or,  my.— Ed. 
o  1  Sa.  15.  22. 

Ec.  5.  1.  iMic.  6. 

8.  Mat.  9.   13.  & 

12.  7. 
p  Ps.  50.  8,  9.  Pr. 

21.3.1s.  I.  11. 
q  Je.  22.  10.  Jo. 

17.  3. 

*  Or,  like  Adam, 
Job  31    33. 

t  Or,  canning  for 

r  Je.  11.9.  Ez. 

22.  25. 
J  Heb.  w:th  one 

nhuulder,  or,  to 

Sherhem. 

*  Or,  enormity. 


33. 


3.  13.  Ru.l4.  15. 


A.  M.  3278. 
B.  C.  7211. 
Hales,  725. 


HosEA  vi. 


And  ''sent  Uo  king  Jareb  : 

Yet  could  he  not  heal  you,  nor  cure  you  of  your  wound. 
1^  For  I  will  be  unto  Ephiaim  as  a  lion, 

And  as  a  young  lion  to  the  house  of  Judah : 

I,  even  I,  will  tear  and  go  away  ; 

I  will  take  away,  and  none  shall  rescue  him. 
^^  T  will  go  and  return  to  my  place, 

Till  they  *acknowledge  their  offence,  and  seek  my  face : 

In  ^  their  affliction  they  will  seek  me  early. 
1  Come,  and  let  us  return  unto  the  Lord  : 

For  'he  hath  torn — and  'he  will  heal  us  ; 

He  hath  smitten — and  he  will  bind  us  up. 

2  After  '"two  days  will  he  revive  us : 
In  the  third  day  he  will  raise  us  up, 
And  we  shall  live  in  his  sight. 

3  (Then  shall  we  know,  if  we  follow  on  to  know  the  Lord.) 
His  going  forth  is  prepared  as  the  morning ; 
And  he  shall  come  unto  us  as  the  rain, 
As  the  latter  and  former  rain  unto  the  earth. 

4  O  Ephiaim,  what  shall  I  do  unto  thee  ? 

0  Judah,  what  shall  I  do  unto  thee  ? 
For  your  tgoodness  is  as  a  morning  cloud. 
And  as  the  early  dew  it  goeth  away. 

5  Therefore  have  I  hewed  them  by  the  prophets ; 

1  have  slain  them  by  "the  words  of  my  mouth : 
lAnd  Hhy  judgments  are  as  the  light  that  goeth  forth. 

^  For  I  desired  "mercy,  and  ^not  sacrifice  ; 
And  'the  knowledge  of  God  more  than  burnt  offerings. 
■^  But  they  *like  men  have  transgressed  the  covenant : 

There  have  they  dealt  treacherously  against  me. 
^  Gilead  is  a  city  of  them  that  work  iniquity, 

And  is  tpolluted  with  blood. 
^  And  as  troops  of  robbers  wait  for  a  man. 
So  'the  company  of  priests  murder  in  the  way  tby  consent : 
For  they  commit  *lewdness. 
1°  I  have  seen  a  horrible  thing  in  the  house  of  Israel : 
There  is  the  whoredom  of  Ephraim, 
Israel  is  defiled. 

11  Also,  O  Judah!  'he  hath  set  a  harvest  for  thee, 
When  I  returned  the  captivity  of  my  people. 

Section    YI.— Death  of  Ahaz,  and  Prediction  of  the  Power  of  Hezekiah. 

'>  ChRON    XXviii     26     27.      T,-..»ti  .i-J^r    9S    tn  the   end. — 2   KiNGS    xvi.    19.20.- 


-IsAiAH  xiv.  28,  to  the  end.— 2  Kings  xvi 
2  Chron.  xxviii.  1-3. 


-^  Now  the  rest  of  ^his  acts  and  of  all  his  ways,  first  and  last,  behold, 
they  are  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  and  Israel.  ^"^  And 
Ahaz  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  they  buried  him  in  the  city,  even  in 
Jerusalem  ;  but  they  brought  him  not  into  the  sepulchres  of  the  kings  of 
Israel.  And  Hezekiah  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 
23  In    the    year   that    king    Ahaz    died    was 

BURDEN.'^*^' 


THTS         Isaiah    xiv 
28,  to  the  end 


(^-i)  Verse  28.  '•  In  the  year  that  king-  Ahaz 
died." — The  Philistim  were  reduced  and  kept 
under  by  Uzziah.  He  destroyed  the  fortifications 
of  their  principal  towns,  and  raised  fortifications 
of  his  own  in  their  territory  ;  2  Chron.  xxvi.  6. 
In  the  two  succeeding  reijrns  they  raised  their  heads 
ajrain,  and  in  the  reign  of  Ahaz  they  got  possession 
of  many  cities  in  the  south  of  Judah ;  2  Chron. 
VOL.   I.  92 


xxviii.  18.  But  they  were  again  reduced  by  Hez- 
ekiah, and  recovered  themselves  no  more.  Upon 
the  death  of  Ahaz,  the  Prophet  denounces  their 
impending  fate.  He  bids  them  no  longer  rejoice 
for  their  successes  in  the  late  reign,  the  reverse  of 
their  fortune  being  now  at  hand. — Bishop  Horsley 
on  Isaiah,  Bishop Xowth.  Prideaux. 


30 


THE  REIGNS  OF  PEKAH  AND  IIOSHEA.         [Period  VI. 


*  Or,  adder. 
b  2  Ki.  18.  8. 


t  Or,  Ac  shall  not 
be.  alone. 
[Or,  assemblies. 


•  Or,  betake  them- 
selves unto  it. 


\  Or,  offered  sac- 
rifice. 


^  Rejoice  not  thou,  whole  Palestina, 

Because  "the  rod  of  him  that  smote  thee  is  broken  ; 

For  out  of  the  serpent's  root  shall  come  forth  a  *cockatiice, 

And  Miis  fruit  shall  be  a  fiery  firing  serpent. 
^'^  And  the  firstborn  of  the  poor  siiall  feed, 

And  the  needy  shall  lie  down  in  safety  ; 

And  I  will  kill  thy  root  with  famine, 

And  he  shall  slay  thy  remnant. 
^^  Howl,  O  gate  !    cry,  O  city  ! 

Thou,  whole  Palestina,  art  dissolved  ; 

For  there  shall  come  from  the  north  a  smoke. 

And  tnone  shall  be  alone  in  his  tappointed  times. 
^'-  What  shall  one  then  answer  the  messengers  of  the  nation  ? 

That  the  Lord  hath  founded  Zion, 

And  the  poor  of  his  people  shall  *trust  in  it. 

2  Kings  xvi.  19,  20. — '*  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Ahaz  which  he  did,  are  thev  not 
written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Judah?  ^And  Ahaz  slept  with 
his  fathers,  and  was  buried  with  his  fathers  in  the  city  of  David.  And  Hezekiah  his  son 
reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Chro.n  xxviii.  1-3. — '  Ahaz  was  twenty  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he 
reigned  sixteen  years  in  Jerusalem.  But  he  did  not  that  which  teas  right  in  the  sitriit  of 
the  Lord,  like  David  his  father ;  ^for  he  walked  in  the  ways  of  the  kings  of  Israel,  and 
made  also  molten  images  for  Baalim.  ^Moreover  he  iburnt  incense  in  the  valley  of  the 
son  of  Hinnoni,  and  burnt  his  children  in  the  fire,  after  the  abominations  of  the  heathen 
whom  the  Lord  had  cast  out  before  tlie  children  of  Israel. 


Part  XIL— Portion    II. 


L.   M.  3265  ( 

3-374. 
B.  C.  739  to 

730. 
Hales,  728. 


a  After  an  anar- 
chy for  some 
years,  2  Kings 
17.  1.  Hos.  10. 
3,  7,  15. 

b  In  the  fourtli 
year  of  All  iz,  ii 
the  twentieth 
year  after  Jo- 
thani  had  bnsnn 
to  reign. —  U^lt. 

c  After  an  inter- 
regnum. 


EVENTS   IN   THE    KINGDOM   OF   ISRAEL   CONTEMPORARY  WITH   THE 
REIGN   OF   AHAZ    KING   OF   JUDAH. 

The  Reigns  of  Pekah  and  Hoshea. 
2  Kings  xv.  30,  31,  and  xvii.  1,  2. 

^^  And  Hoshea  the  son  of  Elah  made  a  conspiracy  against  Pekah  the 
son  of  Remaliah,  and  smote  him.  and  slew  him,  and  "reigned  in  his 
stead,  'in  the  twentieth  year  of  Jotliam  the  son  of  *^^'  Uzziah.  ^^  And 
the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Pekah,  and  all  that  he  did,  behold,  they  are 
written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Israel. 

Hn  the  twelfth  year  of  Ahaz  king  of  Judah  began  2  Kings  xvii. 
^Hoshea  the  son  of  Elah  to  reign  in  Samaria  over  Israel  ' 

nine  years.  ^  And  he  did  that  tvhich  ivos  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord, 
but  not  as  the  kings  of  Israel  that  were  before  him. 


(^*)  Jotham  is  here  said  to  have  reigned  twenty 
years,  whereas  it  has  been  before  asserted  that  he 
reigned  only  sixteen,  2  Kings  xv.  33.  He  must, 
therefore,  have  reigned  four  years  with  his  father, 
accordino'  to  the  usual  custom  among  the  kings  of 
Israel,  of  associating  the  son  with  the  father  in  the 
government,  more  effectually  to  secure  the  succes- 
sion.    An  interregnum  appears  to   have  followed 


the  murder  of  Pekah  by  Hoshea  ;  as  the  latter  is 
said,  in  the  first  of  these  passages,  to  have  begun 
his  reign  upon  Pekah's  death,  and  in  the  other,  not 
to  have  reigned  till  nine  years  after  ;  by  which  it 
may  be  inferred  that  he  had  not  secured  the  king- 
dom to  himself  till  that  interval  had  elapsed,  in 
consequence  of  the  tunmlts  and  disorders  which 
prevailed  after  the  death  of  Pekah. 


He  is 
called  Ezelii 
.Mat.  1.  9. 


Takt  XIII.]  THE  REIGN   OF   HEZEKIAH.  731 

PART    X 1 1 1  .—Portion  I. 
THE   REIGN   OF  HEZEKIAH. O^) 

SECT.  I.       Section    I. — Charactci'  of  Hczrldah  ; — He   aholishrs  Idolatry  and  restores 
—  the  true  Worship. 

^'  ^h-m''^  '"  2  Kings  xviii.  l-C— 2  Chron.  xxix.  3,  to  the  end,  xxx.  xxxi.  xxix.  1,  2. 

B.  C.  73(5  (0  697.    Hezekiah's  good  reign.     He  destrotjeth  idolatry  {'2.  Chron .  xxix.  3.)  and  7-estoretli  true  religion.     5 
Hales  ^Ho  to  696  HeexhorteththeLevites.     11  They  sanctify  themselves,  and  cleanse  the  house  of  God.      20  Heze- 

'_ '        ■          kiah    offereth  solumn    sacrifices,  wherein  the  Leviles   were  more  favored   than  the  priests.  — 

2  Chron.  xxx.  1  Hezekiahproclainieth  a  solemn  Passover  on  the  second  monthfor  Judah  and  Israel. 
1.3  T/ie  assemhbj,  having  destroyed  the  altars  of  idolatry,  keep  the  feast  fourteen  days.  27  Tlie 
priests  and  Levites  bless  the  people.  —  2  Chron.  xxxi.  1  The  people  is  fonoard  in  destroying 
idolatry.  2  Hezekiah  ordereth  the  courses  of  the  priests  and  Levites,  and  provideth  for  their  work 
and  maintenance.  5  The  people's  fonvardness  in  offerings  and  tithes.  11  Hezekiah  appointeth 
officers  to  dispose  of  the  tithes.     20  The  sincerity  of  Hezekiah. 

^  Now  it  came  to  pass  in  the  third  year  of  Hoshea  son  of  Elah  king 

cii- 2^-27.  &  of  Israel,  that  "Hezekiah  the  son  of  Ahaz  king  of  Judah  began  to 

reign.  ^Twenty  and  five  years  old  was  he  when  he  began  to  reign; 

and  he  reigned  twenty  and  nine  years  in  Jerusalem,     His  mother's 

iach.  29. 1,       name  also  was  'Abi,  the  daughter  of  Zachariah.  ^And  he  did  that 

lohich  tvas  right  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  according  to  all  that  David 

his  father  did,  ^  He  removed  the  high  places,  and  brake  the  ^images,  and 

Nu.  21. 9.         cut  down  the  groves,  and  brake  in  pieces  the  ""brazen  serpent  that  Moses 

had  made  ;  for  unto  those  days  the  children  of  Israel  did  burn  incense 

.Tw''"*"'"  *°  ^^*   (^"^  ^^^  called  it  tNehushtan.)  ^He  ''trusted  in  the  Lord  God 

of  Israel ;  so  that  after  him  was  none  like  him  among  all  the  kings  of 

Judah,  nor  any  that  were  before  him.  ^For  'he  clave  to  the  Lord,  and 

23. 8.         "     departed  not  from  Ifollowing  him,  but  kept  his  commandments,  which 

tuei,.  after  him.   the  LoRD  Commanded  Moscs. 

^He  in   the  first  year  of  his  reign,  in  the  first  month,  2  Chron. xxix. 
opened  the  doors  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  repaired 
them.  ''And   he  brought  in  the  priests  and  the  Levites,  and  gathered 
them  together  into  the  east  street,  ^and  said  unto  them. — 

"  Hear  me,  ye  Levites,  sanctify  now  yourselves,  and  sanctify  the  house 

of  the  Lord  God  of  your  fathers,  and  carry  forth  the  filthiness  out  of 

the  holy  place.  ^  For  our  fathers  have  trespassed,  and  done  that  which 

was  evil  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord  our  God,  and  have  forsaken  him,  and 

/je.  2. 27.  Ez.  8.  havc  ^tumcd  away  their  faces  from  the  habitation  of  the  Lord,  and 

*ueb. given tke    *turned  their  backs.  "Also  they  have  shut  up  the  doors  of  the  porch, 

""''^-  "  and  put  out  the  lamps,  and  have  not  burned  incense  nor  offered  burnt 

offerings  in  the  holy  place   unto  the  God  of  Israel.  ®  Wherefore  the 

g^ach.  24. 18.      ^wrath  of  the  Lord  was   upon   Judah    and  Jerusalem,  and   he   hath 

t Heb. commotion,  delivered  them  to  ttrouble,  to  astonishment,  and   to  ''hissing,  as  ye 

hu<.~,.9.~8.}e.     see  with  your  eyes.  ^  For,  lo  !   our  fathers  have  fallen  by  the  sword, 

18. 16.  ^j^j.]  Qi^jj.  gQj-jg  ^j-j^  Qy^  daughters  and  our  wives  are  in  captivity  for  this. 

^^  Now  it  is  in  my  heart  to  make  a  covenant  with  the  Lord  God  of 

t  Or,  he  not  now    Israel,  that  his  fierce  wrath  may  turn  away  from  us.   '^  My  sons,  tbe  not 

now  negligent:   for  the  Lord  hath  chosen  you  to  stand  before  him,  to 

*  Or,  offer  sacri-    scrvc  him,  and  that  ye  should  minister  unto  him,  and  *burn  incense," 

■^"'  1"^  Then  the  Levites  arose,  Mahath  the  son  of  Amasai,  and  Joel  the 

son  of  Azariah,  of  the  sons  of  the  Kohathites :  and  of  the  sons  of 

/36\  'j'Ijp  reign  of   Hezekiah  may  be  considered     5- C-  j  ,i    c     •     ^t      i  •      j  l- 

)J  imnortant.   than   tliat,  of  anv  ot.lier  kin<.-  of      '^'''  Sevechus  succeedeth  So  in  the  kingdom  of 


A/jiju 


d  Job  13.  15.  Ps 

13.  5 
c  De.  10.  20.  Jos, 


more  important   than  that  of  any  other  king-  of 
Judaii.     It    comprises    many    remarkable    events 


Egypt ; 


racies. 


and  prophecies;    for  the   better  compre-     1]^'  Sennacherib  succeeds  Sdmaneser ; 


714,  Salmaneser  invades  Judaea — Hezekiah's  sick- 


hension  of  which,  I  insert  the  following  table  from 

the  second  volume  of  Prideaux's  Connection.  „,.,    ..'^''^^  'i-nij'  l  ^tt      i-i, 

/l.j,  Merodach  Baladan  s  embassy  to  Hezekiah — 
B.  c  Hezekiah  TWENTY-NINE  YEARS.  Sennacherib  invades  Egypt;   Sennacherib 

7:^'6,  Hezekiah  restores  religion  ;  on  his  return  from  Egypt,  invades  Judasa — 

7-'4,  Salmaneser  lays  siege  to  Samaria;  his  army  destroyed  ; 

7'21 ,  Salmaneser  takes  Samaria — kingdom  of  Israel  709,  the  Medes  revolt  from  Sennacherib  ; 

extinguished  ;  70fi.  Simnacherib  slain — Esarhaddon  succeeds  ; 

70 \.  Salmaneser  maketh  war  on  Tyre,  and  besieges  70.'),  Tirhakah  succeeds  Sevechus  in  Egypt; 

it  five  years  ;  698,  Hezekiah  is  succeeded  by  Manasseh. 


32 


t  Or,  in  the  busi- 
ness of  the 
LORD,  -2  Ch. 
30.  12. 


jLe.  8.  14,15, 
19,  24.  He.  9. 
21. 


X  Heb.  near, 
k  Le.  4.  15,  24. 


m2Sa.  24.  11. 

*  Heb.  by  t/ie 
hand  of  the 
LORD. 

t  Heb.  by  the 

/land  of. 
t  Heb.  171  llie 

time, 
n  2  Ch.  23.  18. 

*  Heb.  hands  of 
instnimcnis. 

\  Heb.  sonff. 

i  Heh.  found. 


*  Or,  filled  your 
hand.  2  CI..  13. 
9. 

0  Le.  7.  12. 


HEZEKIAH  RESTORES  THE  TRUE  RELIGION.     [Period  VJ. 

Merari,  Kish  the  son  of  Abdi,  and  Azariah  the  son  of  Jehalelel :  and 
of  the  Gershonites  ;  Joah  the  son  of  Zinimah,  and  Eden  the  son  of 
Joah  :  ^^and  of  the  sons  of  Ehzaphan  ;  Shimri,  and  Jeiel :  and  of  the 
sons  of  Asaph;  Zechariah,  and  Mattaniah:  ^^and  of  the  sons  of 
Heman  ;  Jehiel,  and  Sliiinei :  and  of  the  sons  of  Jeduthun  ;  Sheinaiah, 
and  Uzziel.  ^^  And  they  gathered  their  brethren,  and  sanctified  them- 
selves, and  came,  according  to  the  commandment  of  the  king,  tby  the 
words  of  the  Lord,  to  cleanse  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  the 
priests  went  into  the  inner  part  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  to  cleanse 
it,  and  brought  out  all  the  uncleanness  that  they  found  in  the  temple 
of  the  Lord  into  the  court  of  the  house  of  the  Lord.  And  the  Le- 
vites  took  it,  to  carry  it  out  abroad  into  the  brook  Kidron.  ^ '  Now  they 
began  on  the  first  day  of  the  first  month  to  sanctify,  and  on  the  eighth 
day  of  the  month  came  they  to  the  porch  of  the  Lord  :  so  they  sanc- 
tified the  house  of  the  Lord  in  eight  days ;  and  in  the  sixteenth  day 
of  the  first  month  they  made  an  end. 

^®  Then  they  went  in  to  Hezekiah  the  king,  and  said,  "  We  have 
cleansed  all  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  altar  of  burnt  offering, 
with  all  the  vessels  thereof,  and  the  show-bread  table,  with  all  the  ves- 
sels thereof.  ^^  Moreover  all  the  vessels,  which  king  Ahaz  in  his  reign 
did  cast  away  in  his  transgression,  have  we  prepared  and  sanctified, 
and,  behold,  they  are  before  the  altar  of  the  Lord."  ^'^Then  Hezekiah 
the  king  rose  early,  and  gathered  the  rulers  of  the  city,  and  went  up 
to  the  house  of  the  Lord.  -^  And  they  brought  seven  bullocks,  and 
seven  rams,  and  seven  lambs,  and  seven  he-goats,  for  'a  sin  offering 
for  the  kingdom,  and  for  the  sanctuary,  and  for  Judah.  And  he  com- 
manded the  priests  the  sons  of  Aaron  to  offer  them  on  the  altar  of  the 
Lord.  ^~  So  they  killed  the  bullocks,  and  the  priests  received  the 
blood,  and  ^sprinkled  it  on  the  altar :  likewise,  when  they  had  killed 
the  rams,  they  sprinkled  the  blood  upon  the  altar:  they  killed  also  the 
lambs,  and  they  sprinkled  the  blood  upon  the  altar.  ^^  And  they  brought 
Iforth  the  he-goats  for  the  sin  offering  before  the  king  and  the  con- 
gregation ;  and  they  laid  their  *  hands  upou  them.  ^^  And  the  priests 
killed  them,  and  they  made  reconciliation  with  their  blood  upon  the 
altar  'to  make  an  atonement  for  all  Israel ;  for  the  king  commanded 
that  the  burnt  offering  and  the  sin  offering  should  be  made  for  all  Israel. 
^^  And  he  set  the  Levites  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  with  cymbals,  with 
psalteries,  and  with  harps,  according  to  the  couimandment  of  David, 
and  of  '"Gad  the  king's  seer,  and  Nathan  the  prophet ;  for  so  was  the 
commandment  *of  the  Lord  tby  his  prophets.  -^And  the  Levites 
stood  with  the  instruments  of  David,  and  the  priests  with  the  trumpets. 
^^  And  Hezekiah  commanded  to  offer  the  burnt  offering  upon  the  altar. 
And  twhen  the  burnt  offering  began,  "the  song  of  the  Lord  began 
also  with  the  trumpets,  and  with  the  *instrumcnts  ordained  by  David 
king  of  Israel.  -^  And  all  the  congregation  worshipped,  and  the  tsing- 
ers  sang,  and  the  trumpeters  sounded  :  and  all  this  continued  until  the 
burnt  offering  was  finished.  -''  And  when  they  had  made  an  end  of 
offering,  the  king  and  all  that  were  tjiresent  with  him  bowed  them- 
selves, and  worshipped.  *^  Moreover  Hezekiah  the  king  and  the  princes 
commanded  the  Levites  to  sing  praise  unto  the  Lord  with  the  words 
of  David,  and  of  Asaph  the  seer.  And  they  sang  praises  with  gladness, 
and  they  bowed  their  heads  and  worshipped. 

^^  Then  Hezekiah  answered  and  said,  "  Now  ye  have  *consecrated 
yourselves  unto  the  Lord,  come  near  and  bring  sacrifices  and  "thank 
ofl'erings  into  the  house  of  the  Lord."  And  the  congregation  brought 
in  sacrifices  and  thank  offerings,  and,  as  many  as  were  of  a  free  heart, 
burnt  offerings.  ^■- And  the  number  of  tlie  burnt  offerings,  which  the 
congregation  brought,  was  threescore  and    ten  bullocks,  an  hundred 


Part  XIII.]  HEZEKIAH  RESTORES  THE  TRUE  RELIGION.  733 

rams,  and  two  hundred  Iambs  :  all   these  were  for  a  burnt  offering  to 

the  Lord,  ^^  And   the   consecrated  things  were  six  hundred  oxen  and 

three  thousand   sheep.  ^^  But  the  priests  were   too  few,  so   that  they 

could  not  flay  all  the   burnt  offerings  :   wherefore  their  brethren   the 

^ ^ud'tulnT°^'''    Levites  tdid  help  them,  till  the  work  was  ended,  and  until  the  other 

priests  had  sanctified  themselves  ;  for   the  Levites  were  more  upright 

in  heart  to  sanctify  themselves  than  tiie  priests.  ^^  And  also  the  burnt 

p  he.  3. 16.         offerings  were  in  abundance,  with  ^the  fat  of  the  peace  offerings,  and 

J  Nu.  15.  5,7, 10.  'the  drink  offerings  for  every  burnt  offering.     So   the   service  of  the 

house  of  the  Lord  was  set  in  order.  ^^  And  Hezekiah  rejoiced,  and  all 

the  people,  that  God  had  prepared  the  people  ;  for  the  thing  was  done 

suddenly. 

^  And  Hezekiah  sent  to  all  Israel  and  Judah,  and  wrote  SChron.xxx. 
letters  also  to  Ephraim   and   Manasseh,  that   they  should 
come  to  the  house  of  the  Lord  at  Jerusalem,  to  keep  the  Passover 
unto  the  Lord  God  of  Israel.     ^  For  the  king  had  taken  counsel,  and 
his  princes,  and  all  the  congregation  in  Jerusalem,  to  keep  the  Pass- 
rNu.9. 10, 11.     over  in  the  second  '^montii.  ^  For  they  could  not  keep  it  *at  that  time, 
sEx.  12.  6, 18.     because  the  priests   had   not  sanctified  themselves  sufficiently,  neither 
had  the  people  gathered  themselves  together  to  Jerusalem.  ''And  the 
\n^ke^j7sW'lL  ^'^"^S  tpleased  the  king  and  all  the  congregation.   ^  So  they  established 
*"'^-  a  decree  to  make  proclamation  throughout  all  Israel,  from  Beer-sheba 

even  to  Dan,  that  they  should  come  to  keep  the  Passover  unto  the 
Lord  God  of  Israel  at  Jerusalem  ;  for  they  had  not  done  it  of  a  long 
time  in  such  sort  as  it  was  written. 
*Aa«rf"'^'^'™'""         "^  ^^  ^'^®  P^^^^  ^®"*  ^^^^^  ^'^®  letters  *from  the  king  and  his  princes 
throughout  all  Israel  and  Judah,  and  according  to  the  commandment 
t  Je.  4. 1.  Joel 2.   of  the  king,  saying,  "  Ye  children  of  Israel,  'turn  again  unto  the  Lord 
God  of  Abraham,  Isaac,  and  Israel,  and  he  will  return  to  the  remnant 
u2Ki.  15. 19,29.  of  you,  that  are  escaped  out  of  the  hand  of  "the  kings  of  Assyria. 
■''  And  be  not  ye  like  your  fathers,  and  like  your  brethren,  which  tres- 
passed against  the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers,  who  therefore  gave  them 
^  ™r "«eX^""""  "P  ^®  desolation,  as   ye  see.  ^  Now  tbe  ye  not  "stiff necked,  as  your 
uDe.  10. 1(5.        fathers  were,  but  tyield  yourselves  unto  the  Lord,  and  enter  into  his 
iBeh.^ve the     sauctuary,   which  he  hath  sanctified  for   ever:  and   serve   the   Lord 

hand:  see   1  Ch.  /-^       i        i  i  r-  r-    i   • 

29. 24.  Ezra  10.   your  God,  that  the  fierceness  of  his  wrath  may  turn  away  from  you. 

^  For  if  ye  turn  again  unto  the  Lord,  your  brethren  and  your  children 

shall  find  compassion  before  them  that  lead  them  captive,  so  that  they 
fcEx.  34. 6.  shall  come  again  into  this  land;  for  the  Lord  your  God  is  "gracious 
lis. 55. 7.  and  merciful,  and  will  not  turn  away  his  face  from  you,  if  ye  "^return 

unto  him." 

^^  So  the  posts  passed  from  city  to  city  through  the  country  of 
y2Ch. 36. 16.  Ephraim  and  Manasseh  even  unto  Zebulun  ;  but  "they  laughed  them 
2 So 2 ch.  11. 16.  to    scorn,  and   mocked    them.  ^^Nevertheless   'divers   of  Asher   and 

Manasseh  and  of  Zebulun  humbled  themselves,  and  came  to  Jeru- 
o  Phil.  9.  13.       salem.  ^^  Also  in  Judah  "the  hand  of  God  was  to  give  them  one  heart 

to  do  the  commandment  of  the  king  and  of  the  princes,  by  the  word 

of  the  Lord. 

^^  And  there  assembled  at  Jerusalem  much  people  to  keep  the  feast 

of  Unleavened  Bread  in  the  second  month,  a  very  great  congregation. 

^^  And  they  arose  and   took  away  the  altars  that  were  in   Jerusalem, 

and  all  the  altars  for  incense  took  they  away,  and  cast  them  into  the 
6SeeEx.  12.  6.    brook  Kidion.  ^'^  Then  Hhey  killed  the  Passover  on  the  fourteenth  day 

of  the  second  month  ;  and  the  priests  and  the  Levites  were  ashamed, 

and  sanctified  themselves,  and  brought  in  the  burnt  offerings  into  the 
*  Heh.  standing,    housc  of  the  LoRD.  ^''  And  they  stood  in  their  *place  after  their  man- 

VOL.   I.  3  J 


"734  HEZEKIAH  RESTORES  THE  TRUE  RELIGION.     [Period  VL 

ner  according  to  the  Law  of  Moses  the  man  of  God  :  the  priests 
sprinkled  the  blood,  which  they  received  of  the  hand  of  the  Levites. 
'^  For  there  were  many  in  the  congregation  that  were  not  sanctified  : 
therefore  the  Levites  had  the  charge  of  the  killing  of  the  Passovers 
for  every  one  that  was  not  clean,  to  sanctify  them  unto  the  Lord.  ^^  For 
a  multitude    of  the  people,  even  many  of  Ephraim,  and  Manasseh, 

c Ex.  12. 43,  &:c.  Issjichar,  and  Zebulun,  had  not  cleansed  themselves,  ^et  did  they  eat 
the  Passover  otherwise  than  it  was  written.  But  Hezekiah  prayed  for 
them,  saying,  ••  The  good  Lord  pardon  every  one  ^''  that  prepareth  his 
heart  to  seek  God,  the  Lord  God  of  his  fathers,  though  he  be  not 
cleansed  according  to  the  purification  of  the  sanctuary."  ^^  And  the 
Lord  hearkened  to  Hezekiah,  and  healed  the  people. 

t  Heb.foand.  ii\  ^Ynd  the  children  of  Israel  that  were  f present  at  Jerusalem  kept 

^u^h!^'  ^^'  ^  ''^^^^  ^"^^^^  ^^  Unleavened  Bread  seven  days  with  great  gladness  ;  and 
the  Levites  and  the  priests  praised  the  Lord  day  by  day,  singing  with 

^o/^^;S.'""^*  ^'<^"^  instruments  unto  the  Lord.  ~-  And  Hezekiah  spake  *comfort- 

*  Heb.  to  Vie  ably  unto  all  the  Levites  'that  taught  the  good  knowledge  of  the  Lord  ; 
iT'4o!"2.  '   '^'    and    they    did  eat  throughout  the  feast    seven  days,  offering  peace 

^s^o^s'ill'sb'^o   offerings,  and  ^making  confession  to  the  Lord  God  of  their  fathers. 
/Ezra  10. 11.  ^^  And  thc  whole  assembly  took  counsel  to  keep  ^other  seven  days  : 

£•  See  1  Ki.  8.  Co.  and  they  kept  other  seven  days  with  gladness.  -^  For  Hezekiah  king 
^^"^jef^^^ch.  o^  Judah  Mid  give  to  the  congregation  a  thousand  bullocks  and  seven 
35.7,8.  thousand  sheep  ;  and  the  princes  gave  to  the  congregation  a  thousand 

bullocks  and  ten  thousand  sheep:  and  a  great  number  of  priests  sanc- 
tified themselves.  ^^  And  all  the  congregation  of  Judah,  with  the  priests 
and  the  Levites,  and  all  thc  congregation  that  came  out  of  Israel,  and 
the  strangers  that  came  out  of  the  land  of  Israel,  and  that  dwelt 
in  Judah,  rejoiced.  ^^^  So  there  was  great  joy  in  Jerusalem;  for  since 
the  time  of  Solomon  the  son  of  David  king  of  Israel  there  was  not 
the  like  in  Jerusalem. 
h  Nu.  c.  23.  27  Then  the  priests  the  Levites  arose  and  ''blessed  the  people  ;  and 

^mfono/ki^'koii-  ^^^6''"  voice  was  heard,  and  their  prayer  came  up  to  this  holy  dwelling- 
jKWi.  Ps.  68. 5.    place,  even  unto  heaven. 

^  Now  when  all  this  was  finished,  all  Israel  that  were  2  Chron.  xxxi. 

*  Hei>. foinui.       *present  went  out  to  the  cities  of  Judah,  and  brake  the 

^2"(jh!  so".  14!'      timages  in  pieces,  and  cut  down  the  groves,  and  threw  down  the  high 

places  and  thc  altars  out  of  all  Judah  and  Benjamin,  in  Ephraim  also 

^^fe'aTcIL'!'      ^"fl  Manasseh,  tuntil  they  had  utterly  destroyed  them  all.      Then  all 

the  ciiildren  of  Israel  returned,  every  man  to  his  possession,  into  their 

own  cities, 

-  And  Hezekiah  appointed  the  courses  of  the  priests  and  the  Le- 
vites after  their  courses,  every  man  according  to  his  service,  the  priests 
and  Levites  for  burnt  offerings  and  for  peace  offerings,  to  minister,  and 
to  give  thanks,  and  to  praise  in  the  gates  of  the  tents  of  the  Lord. 
^  He  appointed  also  the  king's  portion  of  his  substance  for  the  burnt 
offerings,  to  wit,  for  the  morning  and  evening  burnt  ofierings,  and  the 
burnt  offerings  for  thc  Sabbaths,  and  for  the  new-moons,  and  for  the 
'i^xLv""""' "^     set  feasts,  as  it  is  written  in  'the  Law  of  the  Lord.  ^Moreover  he 
jNii.  18. 8, &c.     commanded  the  i)eople  that  dwelt  in  Jerusalem  to  give  ^the  portion  of 
itMai.a%!"        ^'^^  priests  and  the  Levites,  that  they  might  be  encouraged  in  ''the 

Law  of  the  Lord. 
*ue\i.  brake fordi.       "^  And  as  scjou  as  the  commandment  *came  abroad,  the  children  of 
S^^'il"" ^^" ^*''"  I^''icl  brought  in  abundance  'tiie  firstfruits  of  corn,  wine,  and  oil,  and 
i  Or,  dates.  thoucy.  and  of  all  the  increa.se  of  the  field;  and  the  tithe  of  all  things 

brought  they  in  abundantly.  "^  And  concerning  the  children  of  Israel 
and  Judah,  that  dwell  in  the  cities  of  Judah.  they  also  brought  in  the 
""h.'ssT  "" '    "■  tithe  of  o.xen  and  sheep,  and  the  '"tithe  of  holy  things  which  were 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTIOxN  OF  MOAB. 


735 


'  Or,  storehouses. 


A.  M.  3278. 
B.  C.  7-26. 


I  Je.  48.  l,&c. 
Ez.  25.  8-11. 
Am.  2.  1. 


consecrated  unto  the  Lord  their  God,  and  laid  them  tby  heaps.  "^  In 
the  third  month  they  began  to  lay  the  foundation  of  the  heaps,  and 
finished  them  in  the  seventh  month, 

*  And  wiien  Hezekiah  and  the  princes  came  and  saw  the  heaps,  they 
blessed  the  Lord,  and  his  people  Israel.  '■*  Then  Hezekiah  questioned 
with  the  priests  and  the  Levites  concerning  the  heaps.  "^  And  Azariah 
the  chief  priest  of  the  house  of  Zadok  answered  him,  and  said,  "  Since 
the  people  began  to  bring  the  ofterings  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  we 
have  had  enough  to  eat,  and  have  left  plenty  ;  for  the  Lord  hath 
blessed  his  people,  and  that  which  is  left  is  this  great  store." 

11  Then  Hezekiah  commanded  to  prepare  ^chambers  in  the  house 
of  the  Lord;  and  they  prepared  them,  ^^and  brought  in  the  ofterings 
and  the  tithes  and  the  dedicated  things  faithfully  :  "over  which  Cono- 
niah  the  Levite  was  ruler,  and  Shimei  his  brother  was  the  next.  ^^  And 
Jehiel,  and  Azaziah,  and  Nahath,  and  Asahel,  and  Jerimoth,  and 
Jozabad,  and  Eliel,  and  Ismachiah,  and  Mahath,  and  Benaiah,  were 
overseers  tunder  the  hand  of  Cononiah  and  Shimei  his  brother,  at  the 
commandment  of  Hezekiah  the  king,  and  Azariah  the  ruler  of  the 
house  of  God.  ^'^  And  Kore  the  son  of  Imnah  the  Levite,  the  porter 
toward  the  east,  was  over  the  freewill  offerings  of  God,  to  distribute 
the  oblations  of  the  Lord,  and  the  most  holy  things.  ^^^  And  tnext  him 
were  Eden,  and  Miniamin,  and  Jeshua,  and  Shemaiah,  Amariah,  and 
Shecaniah,  in  "the  cities  of  the  priests,  in  their  *set  office,  to  give  to 
their  brethren  by  courses,  as  well  to  the  great  as  to  the  small.  ^^  Besides 
their  genealogy  of  males,  from  three  years  old  and  upward,  even  unto 
every  one  that  entereth  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  his  daily  portion 
for  their  service  in  their  charges  according  to  their  courses ;  ^^  both  to 
the  genealogy  of  the  priests  by  the  house  of  their  fathers,  and  the 
Levites  from  twenty  years  old  and  upward,  in  their  charges  by  their 
courses  ;  ^^and  to  the  genealogy  of  all  their  little  ones,  their  wives,  and 
their  sons,  and  their  daughters,  through  all  the  congregation :  for  in 
their  tset  office  they  sanctified  themselves  in  holiness.  ^^  Also  of  the 
sons  of  Aaron  the  priests,  which  were  in  ^the  fields  of  the  suburbs  of 
their  cities,  in  every  several  city,  the  men  that  were  expressed  by 
name,  to  give  portions  to  all  the  males  among  the  priests,  and  to  all 
that  were  reckoned  by  genealogies  among  the  Levites. 

-<*  And  thus  did  Hezekiah  throughout  all  Judah,  and  wrought  that 
which  xvas  good  and  right  and  truth  before  the  Lord  his  God.  ^^  And 
in  every  work  that  he  began  in  the  service  of  the  house  of  God,  and 
in  the  Law,  and  in  the  commandments,  to  seek  his  God,  he  did  it  with 
all  his  heart,  and  prospered. 

2  Chron.  xxix.  1,  2. — '  Hezekiah  began  to  reign  when  he  was  five  and  twenty  years 
old,  and  he  reigned  nine  and  twenty  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name  was 
Abijah,  the  daughter  of  Zechariah.  ^  And  he  did  that  which  zcas  right  in  the  sight  of  the 
Lord,  according  to  all  that  David  his  father  had  done. 

Section    II. — Isaiah  Prophesies  the  Destruction  of  Moab. 
Isaiah  xv.  and  xvi.<^) 


The  h 
dom. 
Moab. 


entable  state  of  Moab.  —  Chap.  xvi.  1  Moab  is  exhorted  to  yield  obedience  to  Christ's  king- 
6  Moab  is  threatened  Jor  her  pride.     9  The  prophet  bewaileth  her.     12  The  judgme7it  of 


1  The  "Burden  or  Moab. 
Because  in  the  night  Ar  of  Moab  is  laid  waste,  and  *brought  to  silence  ; 
Because  in  the  night  Kir  of  Moab  is  laid  waste,  and  brought  to  silence  ; 


(■''')  The  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  chapters  of  Isaiah  and  fulfilled  in  his  fourth,  when  Shalmaneser,  m- 

form  one  entire  prophecy,  and  are  very  improperly  vading  Israel, is  supposed  to  have  marched  through 

divided  into  two   parts.  "  The  time   of  its  delivery,  Moab,  and,  to  secure  every  thing  behind  him,  took 

and  accon)plishment,  which  was  to  be  three  years  possession  of  their  principal  strong  places,  Ar  and 

after,  (chap.  xvi.  14.)  are  uncertain.     In  all  pVoba-  Kirhares. — Notes  to    Isaiah,   Lowth,  p.  99. — Abp. 

bility,  it  was  uttered  in  the  first  year  of  Hezekiah,  Usher. 


736 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  MOAB.     [Period  VI. 


6  See  Le.  21.  5. 
Je.  47.  5.  Ez.  7. 


\  Ueb.  Descending 
into  weeping,  or, 
Coming  down 
loith  weeping. 


X  Or,  To  the  bor- 
ders thereof,  even 
<u  a  heifer. 

*  Heb.  breaking. 

t  Heb.  desolations. 


*  Heb.  additions. 


t  Or,  Petra. 
Heb.  a  ror.k 
2  Ki.  14.  7. 


a  Add.  saying, 
vcr.  3  tot)  is  the 
speech  of  the 
daughters  of 
Moab Ed. 

*  Heb.  Brin^. 


X  Heb.  treaders 

d  Da.  7.  14,  07. 

Mic.  4.  7.  Lu. 

1.  33. 
*  Or,  prepared. 


t  Or,  mutter. 


2  He  is  gone  up  to  Bajith,  and  to  Dibon,  the  high  places,  to  weep: 
Moab  shall  howl  over  Nebo,  and  over  Medeba  : 
On  ^all  their  heads  shall  be  baldness, 
And  every  beard  cut  off. 
^  In  their  streets  they  shall  gird  themselves  with  sackcloth : 
On   the  tops  of  their  houses,  and  in  their  streets,  every  one  shall 
tWeeping  abundantly.  [howl, 

^  And  Heshbon  shall  cry,  and  Elealeh  : 
Their  voice  shall  be  heard  even  unto  Jahaz : 
Therefore  the  armed  soldiers  of  Moab  shall  cry  out ; 
His  life  shall  be  grievous  unto  him. 
^  My  heart  shall  cry  out  for  Moab  : 
tHis  fugitives  shall  flee  unto  Zoar,  an  heifer  of  three  years  old  : 
For  by  the  mounting  up  of  Luhith  with  weeping  shall  they  go  it  up  ; 
For  in  the  way  of  Horonaim  they  shall  raise  up  a  cry  of  *destruction. 
^  For  the  waters  of  Nimrim  shall  be  tdesolate  ; 
For  the  hay  is  withered  away,  the  grass  faileth. 
There  is  no  green  thing. 
'  Therefore  the  abundance  they  have  gotten,  and  that  w^hich  they 
Shall  they  carry  away  to  the  Ibrook  of  the  willows,     [have  laid  up, 
^  For  the  cry  is  gone  round  about  the  borders  of  Moab  ; 
The  howling  thereof  unto  Eglaim, 
And  the  howling  thereof  unto  Beer-elim. 
^  For  the  waters  of  Dimon  shall  be  full  of  blood  ; 
For  I  will  bring  *more  upon  Dimon, 
Lions  upon  him  that  escapeth  of  Moab, 
And  upon  the  remnant  of  the  land. 

^  Send  'ye  the  lamb  to  the  ruler  of  the  land  Isaiah  ivi. 

From  tSela  to  the  wilderness, 
Unto  the  mount  of  the  daughter  of  Zion. 
~  For  it  shall  be,  that,  as  a  wandering  bird 
tCast  out  of  the  nest, 
So  the  daughters  of  Moab  shall  be 
At  the  fords  of  Arnon  —  .* 

^  *Take  counsel,  execute  judgment ; 
Make  thy  shadow  as  the  night  in  the  midst  of  the  noonday ; 
Hide  the  outcasts ; 
Bewray  not  him  that  wandereth. 

^  Let  mine  outcasts  dwell  with  thee,  Moab  ; 
Be  thou  a  covert  to  them  from  the  face  of  the  spoiler  : 
For  the  -^extortioner  is  at  an  end. 
The  spoiler  ceaseth, 
The  toppressors  are  consumed  out  of  the  land. 

^  And  in  mercy  ''shall  the  throne  be  *established : 
And  he  shall  sit  upon  it  in  truth  in  the  tabernacle  of  David, 
Judging,  and  seeking  judgment,  and  hasting  righteousness. 

**  We  have  heard  of  the  pride  of  Moab  ;  he  is  very  proud  : 
Even  of  his  haughtiness,  and  his  pride,  and  his  wrath  : 
But  his  lies  shall  not  be  so. 
''  Therefore  shall  Moab  howl  for  Moab, 
Every  one  shall  howl: 

For  the  foundations  of  Kir-hareseth  shall  ye  tmourn ; 
Surely  they  are  stricken. 
^  For  the  fiekls  of  Heshbon  languish, 
And  the  vine  of  Sibmah  : 

The  lords  of  the  heathen  have  broken  down  the  principal  plants 
They  are  come  even  unto  Jazer,  [thereof, 


Or,  the  alarm 
s  fallen  upon. 


A.  M.   3262. 
B.  C.  722. 


Part  XIII.]  THE  CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  MICAH.  737 

They  wandered  through  the  wilderness: 
tor,  plucked  up.        jj^j.  bianchcs  are  tstretched  out. 
They  are  gone  over  the  sea. 
^  Tlierefore  I  will  bewail,  with  the  weeping  of  Jazer,  the  vine  of  Sib- 
mah  : 
I  will  water  thee  with  my  tears,  O  Heshbon  and  Elealeh  ! 
For  *the  shouting  for  thy  summer  fruits  and  for  thy  harvest  is  fallen 
^"^       '         ^°  And  gladness  is  taken  away,  and  joy  out  of  the  plentiful  field  ; 

And  in  the  vineyards  there  shall  be  no  singing,  neither  shall  there 

be  shouting  : 
The  treaders  shall  tread  out  no  wine  in  their  presses  ; 
I  have  made  their  vintage  shouting  to  cease. 
^^  Wherefore  my  bowels  shall  sound  like  a  harp  for  Moab, 

And  mine  inward  parts  for  Kir-haresh. 
^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  it  is  seen 
That  Moab  is  weary  on  the  high  place, 
That  he  shall  come  to  iiis  sanctuary  to  pray  ; 
But  he  shall  not  prevail. 

^^  This  is  the  word  that  the  Lord  hath  spoken  concerning  Moab 
since  that  time.  '^  But  now  the  Lord  hath  spoken,  saying, — 
"  Within  three  years,  as  the  years  of  a  hireling, 
And  the  glory  of  Moab  shall  be  contemned, 
t  Or,  »iot  jnan?/.         With  all  that  great  multitude  ; 
And  the  remnant  shall  be  very  small  and  i feeble." 

SECT.  ni.      Section    IIL — The  Reformation  hy  Hezekiah  supported  by  the  Prophecies 

of  Micah.^^^^ 

MiCAH  iii.  to  the  end  of  the  Book. — 2  Ki.  xviii.  7,  8. 

The  crueltii  of  the  princes.     5  The  falsehood  of  the  prophets.     8  The  security  of  them  both.  —  Chap. 

iv.  1  The  glorij,  3  peace,  8  kingdom,  II  and  victory  of  the  Church.  —  Chap.  v.  1  The  birth  of 
Christ,  i  His  kingdom.  S  His  conquest.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  God's  controversy  for  unkindness,  6 
for  ignorance,  \Ofor  irijustice,  16  and  for  idolatry. — Chap.  vii.  1  Tlie  Church,  complaining  of 
her  small  number,  3  and  tlie  general  corruption,  5  putteth  her  confidence  not  in  man,  but  in  God. 
8  She  triuinpheth  orer  her  enemies.  14  God  comforteth  her  by  promises,  16  by  confusion  of  the 
enemies,    18  and  bij  his  mercies. 

1  And  I  said,  Hear,  I  pray  you,  O  heads  of  Jacob, 

And  yc  princes  of  the  house  of  Israel ! 

Is  it  not  for  you  to  know  judgment  ? 
2  Who  hate  the  good,  and  love  the  evil; 

Who  pluck  off  their  skin  from  off  them, 

And  their  flesh  from  ofi'  their  bones  ; 
^  Who  also  eat  the  flesh  of  my  people. 

And  flay  their  skin  from  off"  them  ; 

And  they  break  their  bones, 

(^8)  Tho  extent  and  nature  of  tlie  apostacy  araong  he  predicted  the  captivity  of  the  ten  trihes  (Micah 
the  people  of  Judah  and  Israel  may  be  clearly  i.  G.)  which  took  place  in  the  year  721,  in  the  sixth 
ascertained  from  their  conduct,  when  Hezekiah  year  of  Hezekiah ;  and,  in  the  chapters  here  in- 
attempted  his  great  reformation.  At  this  time  serted,  he  addresses  both  the  princes  of  Judah  and 
idolatry  was  so  prevalent,  and,  consequently,  the  of  Israel,  and  declares  that  the  fate  of  the  former 
temple  service  so  neglected,  that  in  2  Chron.  xxix.  should  be  similar  to  that  of  the  latter.  He  then 
34,  we  find  there  were  not  a  sufficient  number  of  predicts  the  ultimate  restoration  of  the  Jews,  and 
priests  to  perform  the  temple  service.  The  temple  the  reiirn,  the  time,  and  the  birthplace  of  the 
itself  had   been    so    neglected    and    polluted,  that  Messiah. 

even  the  inner  part  of  it  required  to  be  cleansed.  From  the  manner  in  which  the  prophet  addresses 

(2  Chron.  xxix.   IG.)     When    Hezekiah   sent   his  the   princes  of  Israel  and  Judah  (chap.  iii.  9.)  it  is 

messengers  to  invite  the  people  of  Israel  to  keep  the  probable  that  the  ten  tribes  had  not  yet  been  carried 

Passover  of  the  Lord  at  Jerusalem,  many  laughed  captive  ;  and  that  the  predictions  contained  in  these 

them  to  scorn,  and  mocked  them,  2  Chron.  xxx.  10.  chapters  were  given  soon  after  the  decree  of  Heze- 

It  is  not  to  be  supposed,  after  such  a  total  and  long  kiah,  when  the  first  affection   to   the  reformation 

alienation  of  the  Jews  from  the  worship  of  the  true  had  subsided,  and   the  princes  of  Israel  had  again 

God,  that  any  real  reformation  could  suddenly  take  rekipsed  into  the  vices  of  which  the  prophet  com- 

place;  therefore  we  must  conclude, that  the  exertions  plains.     These  considerations  have  induced  me  to 

and  edict  of  Hezekiah  were  only  partial,  and  tempora-  place  them  here,  four  years  after  the  access'on  of 

ry  in  their  effects.     Jeremiah  informs  us.  chap.  xxvi.  Hezekiah,  and  more  than  one  year  before  the  cap- 

18  that  Micah  prophesied  in  the  reign  of  Hezekiah  :  tivity  of  the  ten  tribes. 

VOL.  I.  93  3 J* 


738 


THE  CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  MICAH.     [Period  Y 


t  Heb./r<wndj- 
viaiiig. 


X  Heb.  tipper  lip. 


c  Is.  1.  23.  Ez. 

22.  12.  Ho.  4. 

18. 
d  Je.  6.  13. 

e  U.  48.  2.  Je.  7. 
4.  Ro.  2.  17. 
t  Heb.  saying. 
fSe.  26.  18. 
^Ps.  79.  I. 

a  i.  e.  the  mount 
on  which  the 
temple  was 
erected. — FA. 

h  Is.  2.  2,  &c. 
Ez.  17.  22,  23. 


X  Or,  scythes. 


And  chop  them  in  pieces,  as  for  the  pot, 

And  as  flesh  witliin  tlie  caldron. 
^  Then  "shall  they  cry  unto  the  Lord,  but  he  will  not  hear  them : 

He  will  even  hide  iiis  face  from  them  at  that  time, 

As  they  have  behaved  themselves  ill  in  their  doings. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

Concerning  the  prophets  that  make  my  people  err, 

That  'bite  with  their  teeth,  and  cry,  "  Peace ; " 

And  he  that  putteth  not  into  their  mouths,  they  even  prepare  war 
against  him  : 
^  Therefore  night  shall  be  unto  you,  *that  ye  shall  not  have  a  vision ; 

And  it  shall  be  dark  unto  you,  tthat  ye  shall  not  divine  ; 

And  the  sun  shall  go  down  over  the  prophets. 

And  the  day  shall  be  dark  over  them. 
"^  Then  shall  the  seers  be  ashamed,  and  the  diviners  confounded  : 

Yea,  they  shall  all  cover  their  tlips ;  for  there  is  no  answer  of  God. 
^  But  truly  I  am  full  of  power  by  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord, 

And  of  judgment,  and  of  might. 

To  declare  unto  Jacob  his  transgression, 

And  to  Israel  his  sin. 

^  Hear  this,  I  pray  you,  ye  heads  of  the  house  of  Jacob, 

And  princes  of  the  house  of  Israel ! 

That  abhor  judgment,  and  pervert  all  equity. 
i«  They  build  up  Zion  with  *blood. 

And  Jerusalem  with  iniquity. 
^^  The  "heads  thereof  judge  for  reward, 

And  ''the  priests  thereof  teach  for  hire. 

And  the  prophets  thereof  divine  for  money : 

Yet  ""will  they  lean  upon  the  Lord,  land  say. 

Is  not  the  Lord  among  us  ?  none  evil  can  come  upon  us. 
^^  Therefore  shall  Zion  for  your  sake  be  -^ploughed  as  a  field, 

And  "Jerusalem  shall  become  heaps. 

And  Hhe  mountain  of  the  house  as  the  high  places  of  the  forest. 
^  But  ''in  the  last  days  it  shall  come  to  pass,  Micah  iv. 

That  the  mountain  of  the  house  of  the  Lord 

Shall  be  establisjied  in  the  top  of  the  mountains, 

And  it  shall  be  exalted  above  the  hills ; 

And  people  shall  flow  unto  it. 
^  And  many  nations  shall  come,  and  say. 

Come,  and  let  us  go  up  to  the  mountain  of  the  Lord, 

And  to  the  house  of  the  God  of  Jacob  ; 

And  he  will  teach  us  of  his  ways, 

And  we  will  walk  in  his  paths. 

For  the  law  shall  go  fortli  of  Zion, 

And  the  word  of  the  Lord  from  Jerusalem  ; 
^  And  he  shall  judge  among  many  people. 

And  rebuke  strong  nations  afar  ofi"; 

And  they  shall  beat  their  swords  into  'ploughshares, 

And  their  spears  into  tpruning-hooks  : 

Nation  shall  not  lift  u])  a  sword  against  nation. 

Neither  shall  they  learn  war  any  more. 
^  But  ^they  shall  sit  every  man  under  his  vine  and  under  his  fig  tree ; 

And  none  shall  make  them  afraid  : 

For  the  mouth  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  hath  spoken  it. 
^  For  all  people  w'ill  walk  every  one  in  the  name  of  his  god. 

And  we  will  walk  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  our  God  for  ever  and  ever. 
^  In  that  day,  saith  the  Lord, 


Part  XIIL] 


k  Is.  9.  6.  &  24. 
23.  Da.  7.  14, 
27.  Lu.  1.  33. 
Re.  11.  15. 


THE  CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  MICAH. 


(39 


Us.  55.8.  Ro.  11. 
33. 


m  Da.  2.  44. 


It  La.  3.  30.  Mat. 

5.  39.  &  27.  30. 
o  Mat.  2.  6.  Jo.  7 

42. 

p  Ge.  49.  10.  Is. 


g  Ps.  90.  2.  Pr.  i 
22,2-3.  Jo.    1.  : 

■f  Heb.  tAe  days 
of  eternity. 


1  Or,  rule. 


r  Ps.  72.  8.  Is.  52. 

13.  Zee.  9.  10. 

Lu.  1.  32. 
s  Ps.  72.  7.    Is.  9. 

6.  Lu.  2.  14.  Ep. 

2.  14. 

*  Heb.  princes  of 

inert. 

f  Heb.  eat  up. 
i  Or,  with  her 

ovrri  naked 

swords. 
tLu.  1.71. 


Will  I  assemble  her  that  halteth, 

And  I  will  gather  her  that  is  driven  out,  and  her  that  I  have  afflicted  ; 
7  And  I  will  make  her  that  halted  a  remnant, 

And  her  that  was  cast  far  off  a  strong  nation : 

And  the  Lord  'shall  reign  over  them  in  Mount  Zion 

From  henceforth,  even  for  ever. 
s  And  thou,  O  tower  of  *the  flock  ! 

(The  stronghold  of  the  daughter  of  Zion,) 

Unto  thee  shall  it  come,  even  the  first  dominion  ; 

The  kingdom  shall  come  to  the  daughter  of  Jerusalem. 
9  Novv  why  dost  thou  cry  out  aloud  ? 

Is  there  no  king  in  thee  ? 

Is  thy  counsellor  perished? 

For  pangs  have  taken  thee  as  a  woman  in  travail. 
10  Be  in  pain,  and  labor  to  bring  forth,  O  daughter  of  Zion! 

Like  a  woman  in  travail : 

For  now  shalt  thou  go  forth  out  of  the  city, 

And  thou  shalt  dwell  in  the  field. 

And  thou  shalt  go  even  to  Babylon  ; 

There  shalt  thou  be  delivered  ;  ,       ,     ^    , . 

There  the  Loro  shall  redeem  thee  from  the  hand  of  thme  enemies. 
11  Now  also  many  nations  are  gathered  against  thee, 

That  say,  "  Let  her  be  defiled. 

And  let  our  eye  look  upon  Zion." 

12  But  they  know  not  'the  thoughts  of  the  Lord, 
Neither  understand  they  his  counsel ; 

For  he  shall  gather  them  as  the  sheaves  into  the  floor. 

13  Arise  and  thresh,  O  daughter  of  Zion  ! 
For  I  will  make  thy  horn  iron. 

And  I  will  make  thy  hoofs  brass  ; 
And  thou  shalt  "beat  in  pieces  many  people ; 
And  I  will  consecrate  their  gain  unto  the  Lord, 
And  their  substance  unto  the  Lord  of  the  whole  earth.         „  ^^^  ^ 
1  Now  gather  thyself  in  troops,  O  daughter  of  troops  !      ^'^^^  ^• 
He  hath  laid  siege  against  us :  ..       u     i 

They  "shall  smite  the  Judge  of  Israel  with  a  rod  upon  the  cheek. 
2  But  thou,  "Beth-lehem  Ephratah,  r  r  j  i  \ 

(Though  thou  be  little  among  the  thousands  of  Judah,) 
Yet  out  of  thee  shall  he  come  forth  unto  me  that  is  to  be    ruler  in 

Whose  'goings  forth  have  been  from  of  old,  from  teverlasting. 

3  Therefore  will  He  give  them  up,  ,     n     u 

Until  the  time  that  she  which  travaileth  hath  brought  lorth : 
Then  the  remnant  of  his  brethren  shall  return  unto  the  children  ot 

*  And  he  shall  stand  and  tfeed  in  the  strength  of  the  Lord, 
In  the  majesty  of  the  name  of  the  Lord  his  God  ; 
And  they  shall  abide: 
•       For  now  '"shall  he  be  great  unto  the  ends  of  the  earth. 
5  And  this  man  'shall  be  the  peace. 
When  the  Assyrian  shall  come  into  our  land : 
And  when  he  shall  tread  in  our  palaces. 
Then  shall  we  raise  against  him  seven  shepherds, 
And  eight  *principal  men. 
6  And  they  shall  t  waste  the  land  of  Assyria  with  the  sword, 
And  the  land  of  Nimrod  tin  the  entrances  thereof: 
Thus  shall  he  'deliver  us  from  the  Assyrian, 


740  THE  CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  MICAH.         [Period  VL 

When  he  cometh  into  our  land, 

And  when  he  treadeth  within  our  borders. 

"^  And  the  remnant  of  Jacob  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  many  people 
As  a  dew  from  the  Lord, 
As  the  showers  upon  the  grass, 
That  tarrieth  not  for  man, 
Nor  waiteth  for  the  sons  of  men. 
^  And  the  remnant  of  Jacob  shall  be  among  the  Gentiles 
In  the  midst  of  many  people 
As  a  lion  among  the  beasts  of  the  forest, 
*0t,  goats.  ^g  ^  young  liou  amoug  the  flocks  of  'sheep  : 

Who,  if  he  go  through,  both  treadeth  down,  and  teareth  in  pieces, 
And  none  can  deliver. 
^  Thy  hand  shall  be  lifted  up  upon  thine  adversaries, 
And  all  thine  enemies  shall  be  cut  off. 

^°  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord, 
That  I  will  cut  off  thy  horses  out  of  the  midst  of  thee, 
And  I  will  destroy  thy  chariots  : 
^^  And  I  will  cut  off  the  cities  of  thy  land, 

And  throw  down  all  thy  strongholds  : 
^^  And  I  will  cut  off  witchcrafts  out  of  thy  hand ; 

And  thou  shalt  have  no  more  soothsayers  : 
^^  Thy  graven  images  also  will  I  cut  off, 
\  Ox,  statues.  And  thy  f  standing  images  out  of  the  midst  of  thee  ; 

And  thou  shalt  no  more  worship  the  work  of  thy  hands. 
^"*  And  I  will  pluck  up  thy  groves  out  of  the  midst  of  thee : 
X  Or,  enemies.  go  will  I  dcstroy  thy  tcities. 

V-rhelV's       ^^  -^"^  ^  ^^^^^  "execute  vengeance  in  anger  and  fury  upon  the  heathen, 
Such  as  they  have  not  heard. 

^  Hear  ye  now  what  the  Lord  saith  ;  Micah  vi. 

•  Or.MiiA.  Arise,  contend  thou  *before  the  mountains, 

And  let  the  hills  hear  thy  voice  ! 

^  Hear  ye,  O  mountains !  the  Lord's  controversy, 
And  ye  strong  foundations  of  the  earth  ! 
For  tlie  Lord  hath  a  controversy  with  his  people. 
And  he  will  plead  with  Israel. 
^  O  my  people,  what  have  I  done  unto  thee  ? 
And  wherein  have  I  wearied  thee  ? 
Testify  against  me. 
V  Ex.  12. 51  4  Yox  "l  brought  thee  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 

And  redeemed  thee  out  of  the  house  of  servants  ; 
And  I  sent  before  thee  Moses,  Aaron,  and  Miriam. 
Re^b.  14.  ^  O  my  people,  remember  now  what  "'Balak  king  of  Moab  consulted. 

And  what  Balaam  the  son  of  Beor  answered  him 
From  Shittim  unto  Gilgal ; 
zju.5. 11.  That  ye  may  know  ""the  righteousness  of  the  Lord. 

^  Wherewith  shall  I  come  before  the  Lord, 

And  bow  myself  before  the  High  God  ? 
Shall  I  come  before  him  with  burnt  offerings. 
With  calves  tof  a  year  old  ? 

Will  the  Lord  be  pleased  with  thousands  of  rams. 
Or  with  ten  thousands  of  rivers  of  oil  ? 
Shall  I  give  my  firstborn  for  my  transgression, 
Xiieb.heUy.  flic  fruit  of  my  tbody  for  the  sin  of  my  soul? 

''i"s*a.\*5.K,  Ho.    ^  H^  ^^^h  'showed  thee,  6  man  !   what  is  good  ; 
6. 6.  &  12. 6.  And  what  doth  the  Lord  require  of  thee. 


f  Heb.  sons  of  a 
year  7 


Part  XIII.] 


J  Ge.  18.  19.  I.^. 
1.  17. 

*  Heb.  humble  thy- 
self to  walk.  Ge. 
5.  '24. 

f  Or,  thy  name 
shall  see  that 
which  is. 

%  Or,  Is  there  yet 
unto  every  man 
a  house  of  the 
wicked,  l^c. 

*  Heb.  meas^ire 
of  leanness,  Am. 
8.5. 

a  De.  25.  13-16. 

Pr.  11.  1.  &  -20. 

10,23. 
f  Or,  be  pure  with, 

Jj-c. 
J  he.  26.  16.  Ps. 

107.  17,  18. 

c  Le.  26.  26.  Ho. 
4.  10. 


i  De.  28.  38-40. 
Am.  5.  11.  Zep. 
1.  13.  Hag.  1.  6. 


J  Or,  he  doth 
much  keep  the, 

el  Ki.  16.  30, 
&c.  &.  21.  25, 
26.  2  Ki.  21.  3. 


t  Heb.  the  gath- 
erings of  sum- 
mer. 


\  Or,  godly,  or, 
merciful. 


/Ho.  4.  18. 
g  l3.  I.  23. 
*  Heb.  the  mis- 
chief of  his  soul. 


THE  CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  MICAH. 


741 


MicAH  vii. 


AEz.  22.  7.  Mat 
10.  21,  35,  36. 
Lu.  12.  53.  & 
21.  16.  2Ti.  a 
2,3. 


i  Pr.  24.  17.  La. 

4.21. 
j  Pb.  37.  24   Pr. 
24.  16. 
k  Ps.  27.  1. 
I  La.  3.  39. 


But  'to  do  justly,  and  to  love  mercy, 

And  to  *vvalk  humbly  with  thy  God  ? 
9  The  Lord's  voice  crieth  unto  the  city, 

And  f  the  man  of  wisdom  shall  see  thy  name  : 

Hear  ye  the  rod,  and  who  hath  appointed  it. 
10  t  Are  there  yet  the  treasures  of  wickedness  in  the  house  of  the  wicked, 

And  the  *scant  measure  "that  is  abominable  ? 
"  Shall  I  tcount  them  pure  with  the  wicked  balances, 

And  with  the  bag  of  deceitful  weights  ? 
12  For  the  rich  men  thereof  are  full  of  violence, 

And  the  inhabitants  thereof  have  spoken  lies. 

And  their  tongue  is  deceitful  in  their  mouth. 

13  Therefore  also  will  I  'make  thee  sick  in  smiting  thee, 

In  making  thee  desolate  because  of  thy  sins, 
i-*  Thou  'shalt  eat — but  not  be  satisfied  ; 

And  thy  casting  down  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  thee  ; 

And  thou  shalt  take  hold— but  shalt  not  deliver  ; 

And  that  which  thou  deliverest  will  I  give  up  to  the  sword. 
15  Thou  shalt  ''sow— but  thou  shalt  not  reap  ; 

Thou  shalt  tread  the  olives— but  thou  shalt  not  anoint  thee  with  oil ; 

And  sweet  wine — but  shalt  not  drink  wine. 
1^  For  tthe  statutes  of  Omri  are  kept. 

And  all  the  works  of  the  house  of ' Ahab, 

And  ye  walk  in  their  counsels  ; 

That  I  should  make  thee  a  *desolation, 

And  the  inhabitants  thereof  a  hissing  : 

Therefore  ye  shall  bear  the  reproach  of  my  people. 
1  Woe  is  me  !  . 

For  I  am  as  twhen  they  have  gathered  the  summer  fruits, 
.  As  the  grape-gleanings  of  the  vintage  :  •       r    • 

There  is  no  cluster  to  eat— my  soul  desired  the  firstnpe  fruit. 

2  The  tgood  man  is  perished  out  of  the  earth  : 
And  there  is  none  upright  among  men  : 
They  all  lie  in  wait  for  blood  ; 
They  hunt  every  man  his  brother  with  a  net. 

3  That  they  may  do  evil  with  both  hands  earnestly, 
The  -^prince  asketh,  ^and  the  judge,  asketh  for  a  reward ; 
And  the  great  man,  he  uttereth  *his  mischievous  desire  : 
So  they  wrap  it  up. 

^  The  best  of  them  is  as  a  brier  : 
The  most  upright  is  sharper  than  a  thorn  hedge  : 
The  day  of  thy  watchmen  and  thy  visitation  cometh ; 
Now  shall  be  their  perplexity. 
^  Trust  ye  not  in  a  friend. 
Put  ye  not  confidence  in  a  guide: 

Keep  the  doors  of  thy  mouth  from  her  that  lieth  in  thy  bosom. 
•    6  For  "the  son  dishonoreth  the  father, 

The  daughter  riseth  up  against  her  mother. 
The  daughter-in-law  against  her  mother-in-law  ; 
A  man's  enemies  are  the  men  of  his  own  house. 

■^  Therefore  I  will  look  unto  the  Lord  ; 
I  will  wait  for  the  God  of  my  salvation— my  God  will  hear  me. 

s  Rejoice  'not  against  me,  O  mine  enemy  ! 
When  ^I  fall — I  shall  arise  ; 

When  I  sit  in  darkness— the  '^Lord  shall  be  a  light  unto  me. 
^  I  'will  bear  the  indignation  of  the  Lord, 
Because  I  have  sinned  against  him, 


742 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION 


[Period  VI. 


t  Or.  And  thou 
wilt  see.  her  tluit 
is  mine  enemy, 
and  cover  her 
witJi  siame. 


t  Heb.  she  shall 
be  for  a  treading 
down. 


X  Or,  Rule,  Ps. 
28.9. 


Until  he  plead  my  cause,  and  e.xecute  judgment  for  me : 

He  will  bring  me  forth  to  the  light, 

And  I  shall  behold  his  righteousness. 

tThen  she  that  is  mine  enemy  shall  see  it, 

And  shame  shall  cover  her  which  said  unto  me, 

"  Where  is  the  Lord  thy  God  ?  " 

Mine  eyes  shall  behold  her : 

Now  tshall  she  be  trodden  down  as  the  mire  of  the  streets. 
^^  In  the  day  that  thy  walls  are  to  be  built, 

In  that  day  shall  the  decree  be  far  removed. 
'■-  In  that  day  also  he  shall  come  even  to  thee  from  Assyria, 
"Ot,  Even  to.  *And  from  the  fortified  cities, 

And  from  the  fortress  even  to  the  river. 

And  from  sea  to  sea,  and  from  mountain  to  mountain. 
^/Silftl^!''"^"'  ^^^  tNotwithstanding  the  land  shall  be  desolate 

Because  of  them  that  dwell  therein. 

For  the  fruit  of  their  doings. 

^■*  tFeed  thy  people  w^ith  thy  rod, 

The  flock  of  thy  heritage. 

Which  dwell  solitarily  in  the  vi^ood,  in  the  midst  of  Carmel  : 

Let  them  feed  in  Bashan  and  Gilead,  as  in  the  days  of  old. 

^^  According  to  the  days  of  thy  coming  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt 

Will  I  show  unto  him  marvellous  things. 
^^The  nations  "shall  see  and  be  confounded  at  all  their  might: 

They  shall  lay  their  hand  upon  their  mouth,  their  ears  shall  be  deaf. 
^"^  They  sliall  lick  the  dust  like  a  serpent, 

They  shall  move  out  of  their  holes  like  *worms  of  the  earth : 

They  shall  be  afraid  of  the  Lord  our  God,  and   shall  fear  because 
'®  Who  "is  a  God  like  unto  thee,  [of  thee. 

That  "pardoneth  iniquity. 

And  passeth  by  the  transgression  of  the  remnant  of  his  heritage  ? 

He  "retaineth  not  his  anger  for  ever,  because  he  delighteth  in  mercy. 
^^  He  will  turn  again,  he  will  have  compassion  upon  us ; 

He  will  subdue  our  iniquities  ; 

And  thou  wait  cast  all  their  sins  into  the  depths  of  the  sea. 
~°  Thou  'wilt  perform  the  truth  to  Jacob, 

And  the  mercy  to  Abraham, 

Which  thou  hast  sworn  unto  our  fathers  from  the  days  of  old. 
[end  of  the  book  of  the  prophet  micah.] 

^  And   the  Lord    was  with  ''him  ;   and  he   prospered     2  Kings  xviii. 
whithersoever  he  went   forth :   and  he  rebelled   against  '^'  ^■ 

the  king  of  Assyria,  and  served  him  not.  ^  He  smote  the  Philistines, 
even  unto  tGaza,  and  the  borders  thereof,  from  the  tow^er  of  the  watch- 
men to  the  fenced  city. 

Section    IV. — Isaiah  prophesies   the   Restoration  of  the    Ten    Tribes,  the 

Punishment  of  Egypt,  and  the  Conversion  of  Egypt  and  Assyria. 

IsAiAU  xviii. (39)  and  xix. 

God  in  care  of  hi.i  people  will  destroy  the  Ethiopians.     7  An  access  tliereby  shall  grow  unto  tlie 

Church.  —  Chap.  xix.  1  Tlie  confusion  of  Egypt.     11  The  foolishness  of  their  princes.     18  The 
calling  of  Egypt  to  the  Church.     23  Tlie  covenant  of  Egypt,  Assyria,  and  Israel. 

^  Woe  to  the  land  shadowing  with  wings. 
Which  is  beyond  the  rivers  of  Ethiopia  : 

(=*')  The  eighteenth  chapter  of  Isaiah  is  generally  sciire  and  doubtful.     But  Lowth  unites  with  Vitrin- 

acknowledged   to  be   the  most  obscure  of  all   his  ga  in  supposincr  the  chapter  to  refer  to  Sennacherib, 

prophecies.     The  subject,  and  the  end  and  design  and  Houbigant  applies  it  to  that  king  and  Tirhaka  ; 

of  it,  the  people  to  whom  it  is  addressed,  the  person  the  swift  messengers  representinor  the  messengers 

who  sends  the  messengers,  and  the  nation  to  whom  sent  by  Tirhaka  to  the  Jews,  to  inform  them  that  he 

they  are  sent,  are,  in  Bishop  Lowth's  opinion,  all  ob-  was  upon  the  march  against  their  enemy  Sennache- 


*  Or,  creeping 
Mugs. 


p  Pr.  103.  9.  Is. 
57.  10.  Je.  3.  5. 


9  I,u.  1.  72,  73. 


t  Heb.  Azzalt. 


A.  M.  3283 
B.  C.  721. 


Part  XIIL] 


OF  THE  TExM  TRIBES. 


743 


^  That  sendeth  ambassadors  by  the  sea, 
Even  in  vessels  of  bulrushes  upon  the  waters,  saying, 
* 2'd pouJU'eT'^         ^^i  y6  swift  messengers,  to  a  nation  *scattered  and  peeled, 
To  a  people  terrible  from  their  beginning  hitherto  ; 


rib.  Dr.  Wells's  parapiirase  of  this  chapter  is  by 
no  means  satisfactory.  Most  interpreters  have 
supposed  that  this  prophecy  referred  to  Egypt,  and 
that  it  denounced  a  great  woe,  or  judgment;  con- 
sequently such  interpretations  have  been  adopted 
as  suited  this  preconceived  opinion,  without  any 
grammatical  examination  of  the  words  in  which  it 
was  delivered.  This  opinion  has  been  generally 
founded  from  the  description  of  the  geographical 
site  of  the  countries  "  beyond  the  rivers  of  Ethio- 
pia," and  from  this  very  description  Bishop  Hors- 
ley  supposes  tliat  it  cannot  possibly  mean  Egypt, 
p.  127,  128.  After  having  ably  discussed  the  dif- 
ferent opinions  on  this  difficult  prophecy,  he  con- 
cludes that  it  relates  entirely  to  the  restoration  of 
the  Jews,  and  to  the  ultimate  destruction  of  anti- 
christ, who  will  be  the  instrument  of  those  judg- 
ments by  which  the  Church  will  be  purified,  and 
that  it  contains  an  account  of  that  people,  who, 
under  the  hand  of  Providence,  will  be  engaged  in 
the  great  work  of  the  reestablisbment  of  the  Jews 
in  the  Holy  Land.  The  time  present  in  prophetic 
vision,  is  not  the  time  of  delivery,  but  the  time  of 
accomplishment.  If,  therefore,  the  prophecy  is  not 
yet  fulfilled,  the  application  of  it  to  Egypt  must  be 
erroneous,  for  that  people  have  long  since  ceased  to 
be  of  any  consideration.  While  the  people  of  the 
Jews  have  been  from  the  very  beginning,  and  are 
to  this  day,  terrible,  or  awfully  remarkable,  (as  the 
word  x"^1J  may  be  here  translated.)  and,  on  account 
of  God's  plagues,  have  made  all  other  nations  afraid 
of  the  like,  as  God  had  threatened.  The  particle 
•;n,  rendered  "  woe  to,"  in  ver.  1,  may  be  used  as  an 
e.xclaiuation  of  surprise,  and  very  often  it  is  compel- 
lative  of  persons  at  a  distance,  and  it  is  so  taken  here 
by  Calvin,  Castalio,  the  Great  Bible,  the  Bishops' 
Bible,  and  the  English  Geneva  Bible.  "  Shadowing 
of  wings  "  may  be  intended  to  characterize  some 
great  people,  and  is  a  usual  image  in  prophetic  lan- 
guage for  describing  protection  aflxjrded  by  the 
strong  to  the  weak.  The  e.xpression,  a  "  nation 
meted  out,  and  trodden  down,"  is  particularly  de- 
scriptive of  the  present  state  of  the  Jews,  who  are, 
even  at  this  day,  every  where  trampled  under  foot, 
held  in  subjection,  and  treated  with  contempt  and  de- 
rision ;  and  this  is  likely  still  to  be  their  condition, 
till  their  conversion  shall  take  place.  The  inundation 
of  rivers  is  a  frequent  image,  in  the  prophetic  style, 
of  the  ravages  of  armies  of  foreign  invaders,  and 
it  is  here  used  to  represent  the  devastation  com- 
mitted by  the  enemies  of  Judah.  Ver.  3  calls  on 
the  whole  world  to  witness  a  display  of  God's 
power  and  providence,  which  alludes  to  a  renewed 
preaching  of  the  Gospel  in  the  latter  ages.  I  will 
'■'take  my  rest,"  in  ver.  4,  seems  to  iniply  a  long 
suspension  of  the  visible  interpositions  of  Provi- 
dence in  the  affairs  of  this  world,  and  in  favor  of 
his  people,  under  an  image  of  the  extreme  stillness 
of  the  atmosphere  in  summer.  '•  The  season  of 
tlie  harvest,"  and  "  the  gathering  of  fruit,"  is  the 
prophetic  image  of  that  period,  when  our  Lord  will 
send  forth  his  angels  to  gather  his  elect  from  the 
four  winds  of  heaven.  Tiie  awful  predictions 
against  insincere  and  nominal  members  of  the 
Church,  and  their  separation  from  it  by  God's 
judgments,  are  illustrated  by  the  cutting  off  the 
sprigs  with  pruning-iiooks,  and  the  cutting  down 
of  the  branches ;  and  this  is  to  take  place  before 
that  great  event.  It  was  a  prevailing  opinion  in 
the  primitive  ages,  that  antichrist's  last  exploit 
v/ould  he  to  fix  liis  seat  of  empire  at  Jerusalem, 
where  h"  w.aild  ultimately  perish.  Tlie  ))ronoun 
tniisl  tt'-d  ••  (h.-iii."  (■'  summer  upon  them,"  '•  win- 
I'-r  n|)':n  i,!;  ';!i.")  \\\  tlie  original  is  singnlur,  and 
oDglit  to  be  rendered  "it,"  as  the  true  antecedent 


of  this  pronoun  is  the  word  "'^IDn  "  niy  dwellino-- 
place,"  ver.  4,  which  dwelling-place  may  be  under- 
stood literally  of  Mount  Zion.  "  In  that  time," 
ver.  7,  that  is,  immediately  after  this  purgation  of 
the  Church,  at  the  very  time  when  the  fowls  of 
the  mountains,  with  all  the  beasts  of  the  earth, 
when  antichrist  with  his  rebel  rout  shall  have  fixed 
his  seat  between  the  seas,  in  the  holy  mountain — 
a  present  shall  be  brought ;  the  nation  described  in 
ver.  2  shall  be  brought  to  the  place  of  the  name  of 
the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  Mount  Zion.  Persuaded  as 
I  am  that  prophecies  were  generally  given  in  ref- 
erence to  some  great  passing  event,  I  have  endeav- 
oured to  connect  this  with  the  taking  of  Samaria, 
and  the  captivity  of  the  ten  tribes  by  Shalmaneser. 
It  seems  impossible  that  Isaiah  would  have  per- 
mitted this  remarkable,  and,  to  the  Jews,  most  in- 
teresting event,  to  pass  unnoticed.  I  suppose, 
therefore,  that  he  broke  out  into  this  prediction  of 
the  restoration  of  the  Jews,  at  the  time  when  the 
people  of  Judah  witnessed  the  destruction  of  their 
apostate  brethren ;  and,  perhaps,  from  their  sig- 
nal punishment,  apprehended  for  themselves  a 
similar  fate.  To  the  remarks  above,  taken  from 
Bishop  Horsley,  I  shall  only  add  his  translation, 
with  notes,  on  this  prophecy  ;  referring  the  reader 
to  the  book  itself. — Horsley 's  Biblical  Criticisms, 
vol.  ii.  p.  107-178. 

1  "  Ho  !  Land  spreading  wide  the  shadow  of  (thy) 

wings*,  which  art  beyond  the  rivers  of  Cushf. 

2  Accustomed  to  send|  messengers  by  sea. 

Even  in  bulrush-vessels§,  upon    the  surface  of 

the  waters. 
Go,  swift  messengers|l, 
Unto  a  nationIT  dragged  away  and  plucked. 
Unto  a  people  wonderful  from    their  beginning 

hitherto, 
A    nation,  expecting,  expecting,  and   trampled 

under  foot, 
Whose  land  rivers  have  spoiled. 

3  All  the  inhabitants  of  the   world  and  dwellers 

upon  earth 

*  That  is,  affording  aid  and  protection  to  friends  and  allies 
in  remote  countries. 

t  The  land  of  Cush  in  hiilv  writ  (commonly,  but  by  mistake, 
rendfrrd   Klliiopia)    is   properly  that  district    of  Arabia   wliere 


of  th 

from  Ptoir 

;Nile;  tbt 

I'l 

a  are 

Ar  h 

t   trac 

'I'i   M 

ol 

t  1 

eithc 

(be  A 

tb.vse 

t" 

the  ;■' 

st,d.or 
Ac.-iw 

z, 

id 

111  <i: 


sendins 


but 


\\ '■  Sciiiliir'  l>v  SIM.  ill   IiiiImi-Ii-\i~-.I>,"  is  a  figurative  ex- 

prr^^i lr-rn|.nvr  <.l'  skill   Ml   irnii,'   tiuu,  and  of  tlie  safety 

and  expedition  witb  uhicli  tbc  iiibabitauts  of  the  land  called 
to  are  supposed  to  perrorm  distant  voyages. 

II  "  Go,  swift  niPssciigiTs  " — You  who,  by  youi  skill  in  navi- 
"ation  and  your  extensive  commerce  and  alliances,  are  so  well 
qualified  to  be  carriers  of  a  message  to  people  in  the  remotest 
corners,  go  with  God's  message. 

ir  "  Unto  a  nation,"  &c.  viz.  to  the  dispersed  Jews  ;  a  nation 
dragged  sway  froin  its  proper  seat,  and  plucked  of  its  wealth 
aiil  power;  a  peoples  woiidci  I'lil,  i'rom  the  beginning  to  this 
vrr>  11111. ■,  lur  the  sp,Ti  il  pnn  idruce  which  ever  has  attended 
th,  ill,  mill  dinrlcd  their  foiliiiii-s  ;  a  nation  still  lingering  in 
(.  \  ;,.■■!  it  i 'Ml  ul'  (lie  "i'r--  -iiih.  v.Ihi  ■.(!  lull;:  since  came,  anil  was 
r  ..'      ,   :  ',,   ij,.-;:     i'l  '    Ml-    I    >  1.  .,;  1-   ,1    nil   in  elorv  ;  a   naticai 


-.Ma 


ve  overrun  and  de 


744 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES 


[Period  Vi. 


t  Or,  A  nation 
that  metetk  out, 
and  treadeth 
down.  Heb.  A 
nation  of  ine. 
Hue,  and  tread- 
ing underfoot. 

X  Or,  despise. 


*  Or,  regard  my 
set  dwdling. 
t  Or,  after  rain. 


X  Or,  outspread 
and  polished  j 


tA  nation  meted  out  and  trodden  down, 

Whose  land  the  rivers  thave  spoiled  ! 
^  All  ye  inhabitants  of  the  world,  and  dwellers  on  the  earth. 

See  ye  !  when  he  lifteth  up  an  ensign  on  the  mountains ; 

And  when  he  bloweth  a  trumpet,  hear  ye  ! 
^  For  so  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  '-I  will  take  my  rest, 

And  I  will  *consider  in  my  dwelling-place 

Like  a  clear  heat  tupon  herbs, 

And  like  a  cloud  of  dew  in  the  heat  of  harvest." 
^  For  afore  the  harvest,  when  the  bud  is  perfect, 

And  the  sour  grape  is  ripening  in  the  flower. 

He  shall  both  cut  off  the  sprigs  with  pruning-hooks. 

And  take  away  and  cut  down  the  branches. 
^  They  shall  be  left  together  unto  the  fowls  of  the  mountains, 

And  to  the  beasts  of  the  earth  ; 

And  the  fowls  shall  summer  upon  them. 

And  all  the  beasts  of  the  earth  shall  winter  upon  them. 
"^  In  that  time  shall  the  present  be  brought  unto  the  Lord  of  hosts 

Of  a  people  tscattered  and  peeled. 

And  from  a  people  terrible  from  their  beginning  hitherto ; 

A  nation  meted  out  and  trodden  under  foot, 

Whose  land  the  rivers  have  spoiled. 

To  the  place  of  the  name  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  Mount  Zion. 
^  The  Burden  of  Egypt.  (^oilsAiAH  xi 

Behold,  the  Lord  rideth  upon  a  swift  cloud. 

And  shall  come  into  Egypt : 


Shall  see  the  lifting  up,  as  it  were,  of  a  banner* 

upon  the  mountains, 
And   shall    hear    the   sounding   as  it  were  of  a 

trumpet^. 

4  For  thus  saitli  Jehovah  unto  me  : 

I  will  sit  stillt  (but  I  will  keep  mine  e3'e  upon  my 

prepared  habitation) 
As  the  parching  heat  just  before  lightning, 
As  the  dewy  cloud  in  the  heat  of  harvest. 

5  For  afore  the  harvest},  when  the  bud  is  coming  to 

perfection, 
And  the  blossom  is  become  a  juicy  berry. 
He  will  cut  off  the  useless  slioots  witii  pruning- 
hooks, 


*  "  A  banner — atriiinpet."  The  banner  of  the  cross,  to  be 
lifted  up  more  conspii'uously  than  ever  bctbre  ;  the  triimpct  of 
the  Gospel,  to  be  sounded  more  loudly  than  ever  before  in  the 
lulter  ages. 

t  This  4th  verse  represents  a  long  cessation  of  visible  inter- 
positions of  Providence,  under  the  image  of  God's  sitting  still ; 
the  stillness  of  that  awful  pause,  under  the  image  of  that  tor- 
pid state  of  the  atmosphere  in  hot  weather,  when  not  a  gleam 
of  sunshine  breaks  for  a  moment  through  the  sullen  gloom  ; 
not  a  breath  stirs;  not  a  leuf  wags  ;  not  a  blade  of  grass  is 
shaken  ;  no  rippling  wave  curls  upon  tlie  sleeping  surface  of 
the  waters ;  the  black  ponderous  cloud  covering  the  whole  sky 
seems  to  hang  fixed  and  motionless  as  an  arch  of  stone  ;  nature 
seems  benumbed  in  all  her  operations.  The  vigilance,  never- 
theless, of  God's  silent  providence  is  represented  under  the 
imige  of  his  keeping  his  eye,  while  he  thus  sits  still,  upon 
his  prepared  habitation.  The  sudden  eruption  of  judgment 
threatened  in  the  next  verse,  after  this  totil  cessation,  just 
before  the  final  call  to  Jew  and  Gentile,  ansuii-  In  llir  -Inims 
of  thunder  and  lightning  which,  in  the  suffof  tin  h  ii-  i!'  tho 
latter  enri  of  summer,  succeed  that  perfect  stMIn  --  u  I  -i  j- 
nation  of  the  atmosphere.  And  as  the  nalnr  I  iImiuh.  r  ;il  -mli 
seasons  is  the  welcome  harbinger  of  refrosbin:;  and  rnpious 
showers,  so  it  appears  the  thunder  of  God's  judgments  will 
usher  in  the  long-desired  season  of  the  consummation  of  mercy. 
So  accurate  is  the  allusion  in  all  its  parts. 

-'      •  :     i:-   III'  that  season  when 

"  I     ■   i:iils  of  heaven,  reap 

'  '  I  ■  I    '"  liis  barns,  and  burn 

I'l'  '  ''■'■  ;  -riiagcs  which  relate 
•  jn-^l  t.i  luavrn,  ,ind  the  Imrnins  of 
III'  placing  of  the  fiithfnl  in  a  st  te 


X  "The  harvest"  is  the 
God  shall  gather  his  elect  I' 
the  field  of  the  world,  gitli. 
up  the  chaff  with  unqm- 
not  to  the  trnislation  of  tli( 
the  wicked  in  bell,  but  to  t 


And    the    bill    shall    take    away    the    luxuriant 
branches^. 

6  They  shall  be  left  together  to  the  bird  of  prey  of 

the  mountains. 
And  to  the  beasts  of  the  earth. 
And  upon  itt  shall  the  bird  of  prey  summer, 
And  all  beasts  of  the  earth  upon  it  shall  winter. 

7  At  that  season  a  present  shall  be  led): 
To  Jehovah  of  hosts, 

A  people  dragged  away  and  plucked  ; 

Even  of  a  people  wonderful  from  their  beginning 

hitherto, 
A   nation   expecting,   expecting,    and    trainj)led 

under  foot, 
Whose  land  rivers  have  spoiled. 
Unto  the  place  of  the  name  of  Jehovali  of  hosts, 

Mount  Sion." 

(•"')  The  nineteenth  chajjter  is  inserted  in  this 
section  on  account  of  its  obvious  connection  with 
the  preceding  chapter.  The  captivity  of  tlie  ten 
tribes  had  been,  in  a  great  measure,  occasioned  by 
their  reliance  upon  Egypt.  Both  Israel  and  Judali 
placed  their  dependence  upon  this  country,  contrary 
to  the  express  commands  of  God,  given  to  tliem  by 
the  prophets  ;  and  now  Egypt  in  its  turn  is  threat- 
ened with  destruction.  The  fourth  verse  foretells 
the  invasion  and  conquest  of  Egypt  by  Nebuchad- 
nezzar, and  afterwards  by  the  succession  of  tlie 
Persian  kings.  After  ver.  ]t>  is  contained  an  inti- 
mation of  the  future  propagation  of  the  knowledge 
of  God  in  Egypt  and  Assyria,  and  an  explicit 
prophecy  of  the  final  admission  of  these  countries, 
as  well  as  of  Israel,  into  the  Church  of  God — 
forming  together  one  spiritual  Church  and  unity  in 
the  common  worship  of  the  God  of  Israel. — Bp. 
Lowth. 


Church 


ith 


rih,  and  to  the  excision  of  the  in- 


*  God  in  the  latter  ages  will   purify  hi: 
but  wholesome  judgments.     Compare  .lohn  w.  1,  S. 

t  It  was  a  pre'v.iiling  opinion  annnig  the  e  irly  fithers.  that 
antichri-^t  is  to  possess  himself  of  the  Holy  Land,  and  that 
there  he  is  to  perish. 

X  Compare  Isaiah  Ixvi.  20.  and  Zep.  iii.  9,  10. 


THE  PUNISHMENT  OF  EGYPT. 


745 


*  Heb.  viingle. 
Ju.  7.2-2.  1  Sa. 
14.  16,  20.  2  Ch. 
20.  23. 


Or,  shut  up. 


t  Or,  governors. 

Heb.  comers. 
*  Heb.  a  spirit  of 

perverseiiess. 

1  Ki.  22.  22. 


t  Heb.  the  lip. 
VOL. 


And  tlie  idols  of  Egypt  shall  be  moved  at  his  presence, 
And  the  heart  of  Egypt  shall  melt  in  the  midst  of  it. 

2  And  I  will  *set  the  Egyptians  against  the  Egyptians  : 
And  they  shall  fight  every  one  against  his  brother, 
And  every  one  against  his  neighbour ; 

City  against  city, 

And  kingdom  against  kingdom. 

3  And  the  spirit  of  Egypt  tshall  fail  in  the  midst  thereof; 
And  I  will  tdestroy  the  counsel  thereof: 

And  they  shall  seek  to  the  idols,  and  to  the  charmers. 

And  to  them  that  have  familiar  spirits,  and  to  the  wizards. 
•*  And  the  Egyptians  will  I  *give  over  into  the  hand  of  a  cruel  lord ; 

And  a  fierce  king  shall  rule  over  them, 

Saith  the  Lord,  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^  And  the  waters  shall  fail  from  the  sea. 

And  the  river  shall  be  wasted  and  dried  up. 
^  And  they  shall  turn  the  rivers  far  away ; 

And  the  brooks  "of  defence  shall  be  emptied  and  dried  up : 

The  reeds  and  flags  shall  wither. 
■^  The  paper  reeds  by  the  brooks,  by  the  mouth  of  the  brooks, 

And  every  thing  sown  by  the  brooks. 

Shall  wither,  be  driven  away,  tand  be  no  more. 
^  The  fishers  also  shall  mourn. 

And  all  they  that  cast  angle  into  the  brooks  shall  lament. 

And  they  that  spread  nets  upon  the  waters  shall  languish. 
^  Moreover  they  that  work  in  fine  flax, 

And  they  that  weave  ^networks,  shall  be  confounded. 
^^  And  they  shall  be  broken  in  the  *purposes  thereof. 

All  that  make  sluices  and  ponds  tfor  fish. 
^1  Surely  the  princes  of  Zoan  are  fools, 

The  counsel  of  the  wise  counsellors  of  Pharaoh  is  become  brutish : 

How  say  ye  unto  Pharaoh, 

"  I  am  the  son  of  the  wise. 

The  son  of  ancient  kings  ?  " 
^2  Where  ''are  they  ?  where  are  thy  wise  men  ? 

And  let  them  tell  thee  now,  and  let  them  know 

What  the  Lord  of  hosts  hath  purposed  upon  Egypt. 
^3  The  princes  of  Zoan  are  become  fools, 

The  princes  of  Noph  are  deceived ; 

They  have  also  seduced  Egypt, 

Even  tthey  that  are  the  stay  of  the  tribes  thereof. 
1'*  The  Lord  hath  mingled  *a  perverse  spirit  in  the  midst  thereof: 

And  tiiey  have  caused  Egypt  to  err  in  every  work  thereof. 

As  a  drunken  man  staggereth  in  his  vomit. 
1^  Neither  shall  there  be  any  work  for  Egypt, 

Which  the  head  or  tail,  branch  or  rush,  may  do. 
^^  In  that  day  shall  Egypt  be  like  unto  women ; 

And  it  shall  be  afraid  and  fear 

Because  of  the  shaking  of  the  hand  of  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Which  he  shaketh  over  it. 
i'^  And  the  land  of  Judah  shall  be  a  terror  unto  Egypt, 

Every  one  that  maketh  mention  thereof  shall  be  afraid  in  himself, 

Because  of  the  counsel  of  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Which  he  hath  determined  against  it. 
IS  In  that  day  shall  five  cities  in  the  land  of  Egypt 

Speak  Tthe  language  of  Canaan, 

94  3  b: 


746  NAHUM'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  NINEVEH.        [Period  VL 

And  swear  to  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 
hf'tMSuZ'^'°''       One  shall  be  called,  The  city  tof  Destruction. 
%^^4^jo9^2-?'''    ^^  ■^'^  ^^^^  ^^^  'shall  there  be  an  altar  to  the  Lord 
10,26,^7.  "  Li  the  midst  of  the  land  of  Egyjjt, 

And  a  pillar  at  the  border  thereof  to  the  Lord. 
^tii!^:  ^'  ^'    ^^  And  "it  shall  be  for  a  sign  and  for  a  witness 

Unto  the  Lord  of  hosts  in  the  land  of  Egypt ; 
For  they  shall  cry  unto  the  Lord  because  of  the  oppressors. 
And  he  shall  send  them  a  saviour,  and  a  great  one, 
And  he  shall  deliver  them. 
^^  And  the  Lord  shall  be  known  to  Egypt, 

And  the  Egyptians  shall  know  the  Lord  in  that  day, 
e  Mai.  1.  II.  ^jj(j  'shall  do  sacrifice  and  oblation  ; 

Yea,  they  shall  vow  a  vow  unto  the  Lord,  and  perform  it. 
^^  And  tfie  Lord  shall  smite  Egypt :  he  shall  smite  and  heal  it : 
And  they  shall  return  even  to  the  Lord, 
And  he  shall  be  entreated  of  them,  and  shall  heal  them. 
^^  In  that  day  shall  there  be  a  highway  out  of  Egypt  to  Assyria, 
And  the  Assyrian  shall  come  into  Egypt, 
And  the  Egyptian  into  Assyria, 
And  the  Egyptians  shall  serve  with  the  Assyrians. 
-^  In  that  day  shall  Israel  be  the  third 
With  Egypt  and  with  Assyria, 
Even  a  blessing  in  the  midst  of  the  land  : 
^^  Whom  the  Lord  of  hosts  shall  bless,  saying, 
Blessed  be  Egypt  my  people, 
^i^is'^E^'^^io        ■A'^d  Assyria  -^the  work  of  my  hands, 
And  Israel  mine  inheritance. 

SECT.  V.  Section  V. —  The  Prophecy  of  N ahum  against  Nineveh. 

A.  M.  3284.  THE  BOOK  OF  THE  PROPHET  NAHU3I.(4i) 

B.  C.  1-21).  rpi^^  majestij  of  God  in  goodness  to  his  people,  and  seventy  against  his  ene»i2«*.  —  Chap.  ii.  The 
fearful  and  victorious  armies  of  God  against  Nineveh.  —  Chap.  iii.   2'he  miserable  ruin  thereof. 

^  The  Burden  of    Nineveh  :    the  Book  of  the  Vision  of   Nahum 

THE   ElKOSHITE. 

*u'a'jl!i:Ifiol  ~  *God  is  jealous,  and  "the  Lord  revengeth  ; 

andarcvcnffer,        Thc  LoRD  revcugeth,  and  f is  furious  ; 

4-c.  Ex.  20.  5.  &  mi        T  -11         1  1-1 

34- 14.  The  Lord  will  take  vengeance  on  his  adversaries, 

''9it'L%^%^i8. .     And  he  reserveth  wratii  for  his  enemies, 

t  Htb.  that  haik  3  'Y\\e  Lord  is  ''slow  to  anger,  and  great  in  power, 
6  Ex.' 34.  R  7.Ne.       ^-iid  will  HOt  at  all  acquit  the  wicked  : 

9.  iV.  Jonah  4.         Thc  'LoRD  liath  liis  way  in  the  wiiirlwind  and  in  the  storm, 
ePg.  18. 7,  &c.         And  the  clouds  are  the  dust  of  his  feet. 

Hal,.  3. 5, 11,  4  He  ''rebuketh  the  sea,  and  maketh  it  dry, 
d  Ps.  10".  9.  Is.         And  drieth  up  all  the  rivers  : 

50.  2.  Mat.  8.  t,       i  i  •    i        i  ^    r^  i 

26.  Bashan  languisheth,  and  Carniel, 

And  the  flower  of  Lebanon  languishetii. 
^  The  mountains  quake  at  him,  and  the  hills  melt, 
eai'e.  3. 10.  ^j^j^  'i^j^g  earth  is  burned  at  his  presence, 

Yea,  the  world,  and  all  that  dwell  therein. 
^  Who  can  stand  before  his  indignation  ? 

(■")  Nnhiiiii  (Ifscribes    himself  as  an  Elkoshite,  the  ten  tribes  took   place  in  721,  and,  as  there  is 

from  which   expression  many  suppose   that  he  was  ample  authority  for   concluding  that  the   prophet 

a  descendant  of  Elkosha,  while  others  infer  that  he  lived  at  tiiis  period,  it  is  most  probable  that  he  made 

was  born  at  Elkosh,  or  Elkosha,  a  village  in  Galilee,  his   escape   when    Israel   was    taken    captive   into 

Thi-  subject  of  his   jiropiiccy  is  the  destruction   of  Judah,  and  there  uttered  his  predictions  against  the 

Nineveh,  and  the  ruin  of  the   Assyrians  for  their  oppressors  of  his  country . — Archbishop  Newcomej 

ciuel  tyranny  over  the  Israelites.     The  captivity  of  Dr.  Gray  ;  Home. 


Part  XITL] 

J  Heb.  stand  up. 
/Re.  16.  1. 


g  1  Ch.  16.  34. 

Ps.  100.  5.  Je. 

33.  11.  La.  3. 

25. 

*  Or,  strength. 
h  Ps.  1.  6.  2  Ti. 

2.  19. 
t  Da.  9.  26.  &  11. 

10.  22.  40. 


NAHUM'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  NINEVEH. 


147 


■f  Heb.  .S  counsel- 
lor of  BeUal. 

%  Or,  //  they 
would  have  been 
at  peace,  so 
should  they  have 
been  many,  and 
so  should  they 
have  been  skorn, 
and  he  should 
have  passed 
away. 

*  Heb.  shorn. 

i  Is.  8.  8.  Da.  11. 
10. 

k  Je,  2.  20.  &  30. 


i2Ki.  19.  37. 


•f  Heb.  feast. 
t  Heb.  Belial. 


*  Or,  The  dispers 
er,  or,  hammer. 
Je.  50.  23. 


n  Is.  10.  12.  Je. 

25.29. 

■f  Or,  the  pride  of 
Jacob  as  the 
pride  of  Israel. 


t  Or,  dyed  scar- 
let. 
*  Ot,  fiery  torches 


t  Heb.  Their  show 
t  Or,  gallants. 


*  Heb.  covering, 
or,  coverer. 

I  Or,  molten. 

J;  Or,  that  which 
was  established, 
or,  there  was  a 
stand  made. 

*  Or,  discovered. 


And  who  can  labide  in  the  fierceness  of  his  anger  ? 

His  -^fury  is  poured  out  hke  fire, 

And  the  rocks  are  thrown  down  by  him. 

''  The  ^LoRD  is  good,  a  *strong  hold  in  the  day  of  trouble ; 
And  "he  knoweth  them  that  trust  in  him. 

8  But  'with  an  overrunning  flood 

He  will  make  an  utter  end  of  the  place  thereof, 
And  darkness  shall  pursue  his  enemies. 

9  What  do  ye  imagine  against  the  Lord  ? 
He  will  make  an  utter  end : 

Affliction  shall  not  rise  up  the  second  time. 

10  For  while  they  be  folden  together  as  thorns, 
And  while  they  are  drunken  as  drunkards, 
They  shall  be  devoured  as  stubble  fully  dry. 

11  There  is  one  come  out  of  thee, 

That  imagineth  evil  against  the  Lord, 
f  A  wdcked  counsellor. 

12  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

tThough  they  be  quiet,  and  likewise  many, 

Yet  thus  shall  they  be  *cut  down,  when  he  shall  ^pass  through. 

Though  I  have  afflicted  thee, 
I  will  afflict  thee  no  more. 

13  For  now  will  I  ^break  his  yoke  from  off"  thee. 
And  will  burst  thy  bonds  in  sunder. 

14  And  the  Lord  hath  given  a  commandment  concerning  thee, 
That  no  more  of  thy  name  be  sown  : 

Out  of  the  house  of  thy  gods  will  I  cut  off 
The  graven  image  and  the  molten  image  : 
I  'will  make  thy  grave  ;   for  thou  art  vile. 

15  Behold  '"upon  the  mountains 

The  feet  of  him  that  bringeth  good  tidings,  that  publisheth  peace ! 
O  Judah !  tkeep  thy  solemn  feasts,  perform  thy  vows  : 
For  tthe   wicked  shall  no  more  pass  through  thee— he  is  utterly 
cut  off". 
1  *He  that  dasheth  in  pieces  is  come  up  before  thy  face  :      Chap.  ii. 
Keep  the  munition,  watch  the  way. 
Make  thy  loins  strong,  fortify  thy  power  mightily. 
2  For  "the  Lord  hath  turned  away  tthe  excellency  of  Jacob, 
As  the  excellency  of  Israel : 
For  the  emptiers  have  emptied  them  out. 
And  marred  their  vine  branches. 

3  The  shield  of  his  mighty  men  is  made  red. 
The  valiant  men  are  tin  scarlet : 

The  chariots  shall  be  with  *ffaming  torches  in  the  day  of  his  prepa- 
And  the  fir  trees  shall  be  terribly  shaken.  [ration, 

4  The  chariots  shall  rage  in  the  streets. 

They  shall  justle  one  against  another  in  the  broad  ways  : 

tThey  shall  seem  like  torches,  they  shall  run  like  the  lightnings. 
5  He  shall  recount  his  tworthies : 

They  shall  stumble  in  their  walk ; 

They  shall  make  haste  to  the  wall  thereof,  and  the  ^defence  shall 
6  The  gates  of  the  rivers  shall  be  opened,  [be  prepared. 

And  the  palace  shall  be  tdissolved. 
■^  And  tHuzzab  shall  be  *led  away  captive. 

She  shall  be  brought  up, 

And  her  maids  shall  lead  her  as  with  the  voice  of  doves, 

Tabering  upon  their  breasts. 


748 


NAHUM'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  NINEVEPI.         [Period  VI. 


t  Or,/rom  the 

days  thai  she  hatlt 

bein. 
X  Or,  cause  them 

to  turn. 
*  Or,  And  their 

infinite  store,  S,-c. 
t  Heb.  vessels  of 

detire. 


J  Heb.  dty  of 
bloods.  Ez.  22. 
2,  3.  Hab.  2.  12. 


*  Heb.  the  flame 
of  the  sword,  and 
the  lightning  of 
the  spear. 


0  Ib.  47.  9,  12. 
Re.  18.  2,  3. 


p  Mai.  2. 
}  He.  10. 


t  Or,  nourishing. 
Heb.  JVo  Amon. 
Je.  46.  25,  26. 
Ez.  30.  14-16. 


1  Heb.  in  thy 
help. 


J  Ps.  137.  9.  Is. 
13.  16.  Ho.  13. 


tJoeia.  3.  Ob. 
11. 


^  But  Nineveh  is  f  of  old  like  a  pool  of  water  ;  yet  they  shall  flee  away. 

Stand !  stand  !   shall  they  cry  ;  but  none  shall  Hook  back. 
^  Take  ye  the  spoil  of  silver,  take  the  spoil  of  gold  ; 

*For  there  is  none  end  of  the  store  and  glory 

Out  of  all  the  tplcasant  furniture, 
^°  She  is  empty,  and  void,  and  waste ; 

And  the  heart  melteth,  and  the  knees  smite  together, 

And  much  pain  is  in  all  loins, 

And  the  faces  of  them  all  gather  blackness. 
^^  Where  is  the  dwelling  of  the  lions, 

And  the  feeding-place  of  the  young  lions. 

Where  the  lion,  even  the  old  lion,  walked. 

And  the  lion's  whelp,  and  none  made  them  afraid  ? 
^^  The  lion  did  tear  in  pieces  enough  for  his  whelps, 

And  strangled  for  his  lionesses. 

And  filled  his  holes  with  prey. 

And  his  dens  with  ravin. 

^^  Behold,  I  am  against  thee,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

And  I  will  burn  her  chariots  in  the  smoke. 

And  the  sword  shall  devour  thy  young  lions  ; 

And  I  will  cut  off  thy  prey  from  the  earth, 

And  the  voice  of  thy  messengers  shall  no  more  be  heard. 

^  Woe  to  the  tbloody  city  !  Chap.  iii. 

It  is  all  full  of  lies  and  robbery — the  prey  departeth  not ; 
^  The  noise  of  a  whip,  and  the  noise  of  the  rattUng  of  the  wheels. 

And  of  the  prancing  horses,  and  of  the  jumping  chariots. 
^  The  horseman  lifteth  up  both  *the  bright  sword  and  the  glittering 
spear  : 

And  there  is  a  multitude  of  slain,  and  a  great  number  of  carcasses  ; 

And  there  is  none  end  of  their  corpses ;  they  stumble  upon  their 
corpses. 
''  Because  of  the  multitude  of  the  whoredoms  of  the  well-favored 

(The  "mistress  of  witchcrafts,  [harlot, 

That  sellcth  nations  through  her  whoredoms, 

And  families  through  her  witchcrafts,) 
^  Behold,  I  am  against  thee,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts ; 

And  I  will  discover  thy  .skirts  upon  thy  face. 

And  I  will  show  the  nations  thy  nakedness. 

And  the  kingdoms  thy  shame. 
^  And  I  will  cast  abominable  filth  upon  thee,  and  ^make  thee  vile, 

And  will  set  thee  as  'a  gazing-stock. 
'  And  it  shall  come  to  pass. 

That  all  they  that  look  upon  thee  ^shall  flee  from  thee. 

And  say,  Nineveh  is  laid  waste. 

Who  will  bemoan  her?  whence  shall  I  seek  comforters  for  thee  ? 
^  Art  thou  better  than  tpopulous  No, 

That  was  situate  among  the  rivers,  that  had  the  waters  round  about 

Whose  rampart  was  the  sea,  and  her  wall  ^vas  from  the  sea  ?         [it, 
^  Ethiopia  and  Egypt  were  her  strength,  and  it  was  infinite  ; 

Put  and  Lubim  were  Uhy  helpers. 
^^  Yet  was  she  carried  away,  she  went  into  captivity  i""^' 

Her    young  children  also  were  dashed  in  pieces  at  the  top  of  all  the 

And  they  'cast  lots  for  her  honorable  men,  [streets : 


(■'")  This  verse  has  been  supposed  to  refer  to  the  ArcliMshop  Newcome  translates  the  verse  in  the 
capture  of  Nineveh  hy  Sennacherib,  in  which  C!He  future,  and  refers  the  prediction  to  the  capture  of 
tlie  prophecy  must  be  dated  some  years  later  ;    lut     Ninevcli  by  Nebuchadnezzar 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  OF  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  TYRE.        749 


*  Or,  spreadeth 
himself. 
V  Re.  9.  7. 


X  La.  2.  15.  Zep. 
2.  15.  See  Is.  14 
8,&c. 


.  C.  715. 


a  Je.  25.  22.  & 
47.  4.  Ez.  x.wi, 
&  xxvii.  & 
xxviii.  Am.  1.9 
Zee.  9.  2,  4. 


11  Thou  also  shalt  be  drunken  : 
Thou  shalt  be  hid, 
Thou  also  shalt  seek  strength  because  of  the  enemy. 

12  All  thy  strongholds  shall  be  like  "fig  trees  with  the  first  ripe  figs : 
If  they  be  shaken,  they  shall  even  fall  into  the  mouth  of  the  eater 

13  Behold,  thy  people  in  the  midst  of  thee  are  women  : 

The  gates  of  thy  land  shall  be  set  wide  open  unto  thine  enemies : 

The  fire  shall  devour  thy  bars. 

14  Draw  thee  waters  for  the  siege,  fortify  thy  strongholds : 

Go  into  clay,  and  tread  the  mortar, 

Make  strong  the  brickkiln. 
1^  There  shall  the  fire  devour  thee  ; 

The  sword  shall  cut  thee  off. 

It  shall  eat  thee  up  like  the  cankerworm  : 

Make  thyself  many  as  the  cankerworm, 

Make  thyself  many  as  the  locusts. 
16  Thou  hast  multiplied  thy  merchants  above  the  stars  of  heaven  : 

The  cankerworm  ""spoileth,  and  flieth  away. 
1'''  Thy  "crowned  are  as  the  locusts. 

And  thy  captains  as  the  great  grasshoppers, 

Which  camp  in  the  liedges  in  the  cold  day. 

But  when  the  sun  ariseth  they  flee  away, 

And  their  place  is  not  known  where  they  are. 
IS  Thy  shepherds  slumber,  O  king  of  Assyria ! 

Thy  tnobles  shall  dwell  in  the  dust ; 

Thy  people  is  "scattered  upon  the  mountains,  and  no  man  gathereth 
19  There  is  no  Ihealing  of  thy  bruise  ;  thy  wound  is  grievous  :    [them. 

All  "that  hear  the  bruit  of  thee  shall  clap  the  hands  over  thee ; 

For  upon  whom  hath  not  thy  wickedness  passed  continually  ? 
[end  of  the  book  of  the  prophet  nahum.] 

Section  YL— Isaiah's  Prophecy  of  the  Destruction  of  Tyre. 

Isaiah  xxiii.(^3> 

Ttie  miserable  overthrow  of  Tyre.     17  Their  unhappy  return. 

1  The  "Burden  of  Tyre. 
Howl,  ye  ships  of  Tarshish  ! 
For  it  is  laid  waste, 

So  that  there  is  no  house,  no  entering  in  : 
From  the  land  of  Chittim  it  is  revealed  to  them. 

2  Be  *still,  ye  inhabitants  of  the  isle  ! 

Thou  whom  the  merchants  of  Zidon,  that  pass  over  the  sea,  have 
replenished. 

3  And  by  great  waters  the  seed  of  Sihor,  the  harvest  of  the  river,  is 
And  she  is  a  mart  of  nations.  [her  revenue  ; 

4  Be  thou  ashamed,  O  Zidon  !  for  the  sea  hath  spoken. 
Even  the  strength  of  the  sea,  saying, 

I  travail  not,  nor  bring  forth  children. 

Neither  do  I  nourish  up  young  men,  nor  bring  up  virgins. 
^  As  at  the  report  concerning  Egypt, 

So  shall  they  be  sorely  pained  at  the  report  of  Tyre. 
6  Pass  ye  over  to  Tarshish  : 

Howl,  ye  inhabitants  of  the  isle  ! 
■^  Is  this  your  joyous  city,  


(4^)  After  the  captivity  of  the  ten  tribes,  the  city 
of  Tyre  was  besieged  by  Shalmaneser.  The  siege 
continued  five  years,  at  the  end  of  which  time  they 
were  delivered  by  the  death  of  this  king.  Success 
made  them  insolent,  and  drew  upon  them  this 
VOL.   I. 


prophecy  of  Isaiah,  which  foretells  the  miserable 
overthrow  the  Tyrians  should  hereafter  receive 
from  Nebuchadnezzar.— Prideaux's  Connect,  vol.  i. 
p.  27. ;  see.  too,  Bishop  Newton's  accouni  of  the 
fulfilment  of  the  prophecies  against  Tyre. 
3   K* 


tHeb.  yroTT.  afar 
off. 


b  See  Ez.  28.  2, 
12. 


\  Heb.  poHule. 


Hcb.  girdle. 


i  Or,  concerning 
a  viert.hantman. 
X  Ilcb.  Canaan. 
*  Or,  strengths. 
c  Re.  18.  22. 


^50  ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  ON  THE  INVASION  OF  PALESTINE.     [Period  VI. 

Whose  antiquity  is  of  ancient  days  ? 

Her  own  feet  shall  carry  her  tafar  off  to  sojourn. 
^  Who  hath  taken  this  counsel  against  Tyre, 

The  'crowning  city, 

Whose  merchants  are  princes, 

Whose  traffickers  are  the  honorable  of  the  earth  ? 
^  The  Lord  of  hosts  hath  purposed  it, 

To  tstain  the  pride  of  all  glory, 

And  to  bring  into  contempt  all  the  honorable  of  the  earth. 
1°  Pass  through  thy  land  as  a  river,  O  daughter  of  Tarshish  ! 

There  is  no  more  "strength. 
^^  He  stretched  out  his  hand  over  the  sea. 

He  shook  the  kingdoms  : 

The  Lord  hath  given  a  commandment  tagainst  tthe  merchant  city, 

To  destroy  the  *strongholds  thereof. 
^2  And  he  said,  '•'  Thou  'shalt  no  more  rejoice, 

O  thou  oppressed  virgin,  daughter  of  Zidon  ! 

Arise,  pass  over  to  Chittim : 

There  also  shalt  thou  have  no  rest." 
13  Behold  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans  ; 

This  people  was  not. 

Till  the  Assyrian  founded  it  for  them  that  dwell  in  the  wilderness : 

They  set  up  the  towers  thereof, 

They  raised  up  the  palaces  thereof; 

And  he  brought  it  to  ruin. 
"  Howl,  ye  ships  of  Tarshish  ! 

For  your  strength  is  laid  waste. 

1^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  Tyre  shall  be  forgotten  seventy  years, 

According  to  the  days  of  one  king : 

After  the  end  of  seventy  years  Ishall  Tyre  sing  as  a  harlot. 
'^  Take  a  harp,  go  about  the  city. 

Thou  harlot  that  hast  been  forgotten  ; 

Make  sweet  melody,  sing  many  songs. 

That  thou  mayest  be  remembered. 
1^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  after  the  end  of  seventy  years, 

That  the  Lord  will  visit  Tyre, 

And  she  shall  turn  to  her  hire. 

And  "shall  commit  fornication  with  all  the  kingdoms  of  the  world 

Upon  the  face  of  the  earth. 
1^  And  her  merchandise  and  her  hire  shall  be  holiness  to  the  Lord  : 

It  shall  not  be  treasured  nor  laid  up  ; 

For  her  merchandise  shall  be  for  them  that  dwell  before  the  Lord, 

To  eat  sufficiently,  and  for  Jdurable  clothing. 

Section  VII. — On  the  InvaMon  of  Palestine  hy  the  Assyrian  army,  Isaiah 
delivers  a  prophecy  of  the  Messiah,  and  predicts  the  Destruction  of  Babylon. 

Isaiah  x.  5,  to  the  end,f**^  and  xi.  to  xiv.  1-27. 
Assyria,  the  rod  of  hypocrites,  for  liis  pride  shall  be  broken.  20  A  remnant  of  Israel  shall  be  saved. 
24  Israel  is  comforted  with  promise  of  deliverance  from  Assyria.  —  Chap.  xi.  The  peaceable  king- 
dom of  the  Branch  out  of  the  root  of  Jesse.  10  The  i-ictorio7is  restoration  of  Israel,  and  voca- 
tion of  the  Geniiles.  —  Chap.  xii.  Ajoyfid  thanksgiring  of  the  faithful  for  the  mercies  of  God.  — 
Chan.  xiii.  1  God  mtistereth  tlie  armies  of  his  wrath.  6  He  tiireateneth  to  destroy  Babylon  by  the 
jVedes.  19  The  desolation  of  Babylon. — Chap.  xiv.  1  God's  merciful  restoration  of  Israel.  4 
Thrir  triumphant  insultation  over  Babel.  21-  God's  purpose  against  Assyria.  29  Palestina  is 
threatpjifd. 


t  Heb.  it  shall  be 
unto  Tyre  as  the 
song  of  a  harlot. 


t  Heb.  old. 


M.  328£ 
,  C.  715. 


*  Or,  iroe  to  the 
jjj-.*yruin. 
t  Heb.  .^sshur. 
o  Jo.  51.20. 
i  Or,  Tliou<:h. 


^  *0  tAssYRiAN,  "the  rod  of  mine  anger, 
tAnd  the  staff  in  their  hand  is  mine  indignation. 


(^')  Bishop   Horslcy  supposes  that  the  prophecy 
beginning  at  Isaiah  x.  5.  was  uttered  on  the  occa- 


sion of  Sennacherib's  invasion.     It  is  equally  prob- 
able that  it  was    spoken   for   the   purpose  of  en- 


Part  XIII.]  ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  ON  THE  INVASION  OF  PALESTINE.    751 

6  I  will  send  him  against  a  hypocritical  nation, 
And  against  the  people  of  my  wrath  will  I  give  him  a  charge, 
To  take  the  spoil/and  to  take  the  prey, 
♦  Heb.  toiay  And  *to  tread  them  down  like  the  mire  of  the  streets. 

bTe'to'-Zmo.    ''  Howbeit  ''he  meaneth  not  so, 
"i- 12-  Neither  doth  his  heart  think  so  ; 

But  it  is  in  his  heart  to  destroy 
And  cut  oft'  nations  not  a  few. 
^  For  he  saith, — 

"Are  not  my  princes  altogether  kings? 
^       Is  not  Calno  as  Carchemish  ? 
Is  not  Hamath  as  Arpad  ? 
Is  not  Samaria  as  Damascus  ? 
1°  As  my  hand  hath  found  the  kingdoms  of  the  idols, 

And  whose  graven  images  did  excel  them  of  Jerusalem  and 
of  Samaria ; 
11  Shall  I  not,  as  I  have  done  unto  Samaria  and  her  idols, 
So  do  to  Jerusalem  and  her  idols  ?  " 
12  Wherefore  it  shall  come  to  pass, 

That  when  the  Lord  hath  performed  his  whole  work 
c2Ki.i9.3i.  UpQj^  'Mount  Zion  and  on  Jerusalem, 

^neh.  visit  upon.       I  ^vin  tpunish  the  fruit  tof  the  stout  heart  of  the  king  of  Assyria, 
^S-'^alnts%ihe        And  the  glory  of  his  high  looks. 
i^art.  13  Yox  hc  saith,— 

"  By  the  strength  of  my  hand  I  have  done  it. 
And  by  my  wisdom,  for  I  am  prudent ; 
And  I  have  removed  the  bounds  of  the  people. 
And  have  robbed  their  treasures, 
*^el'pC^  And  I  have  put  down  the  inhabitants  like  *a  valiant  man. 

couraging   Hezekiah,  when   Sennacherib,  immedi-  "  And  there  shall   come   forth  a  Rod  out  of  the 

ately  upon  his  father  Shalmaneser's  death,  renewed  stem  of  Jesse, 

the  demand  for  the  tribute  money  wliich  had  been  And  a  Branch  shall  grow  out  of  his  roots, 
paid  tohim  and  to  Tio-lath-pileserbythatkingand  This    mention  of  the  stump  of  Jesse,   shows  that 
Ahaz.     When  Hezeklah    refused  to  comply  with  the  royal  house  of  Judah  is   considered  as  one  of 
this    demand,  the    kino-  of  Assyria   declared  war  the  trees  thrown  down  by  the  hurricane,  which  is 
ao-ainst  Judah.     Bishop  Horsley  supposes  that  the  typical  of  Sennacherib's  invasion,  and  proves  the 
prophecy  extends  only  to  the   thirty-second  verse  general  extent  of  that  prophetic  commination. 
of  this  chapter  ;  its  immediate  subject,  he  observes,  Chapters  xiii.  and  xiv.  to  ver.  28,  are  added  to  this 
is  Sennacherib's  invasion  of  Judaja ;  but  in  speaking  prophecy,  as  well  on  the  authority  of  Lighttoot,  as 
of  the  miraculous  dehverance  of  the  Jews  from  that  on  account  of  their   apparent  connexion    with  it. 
calamity,  the  prophet's  views  are  sometimes  carried  The    prophecy    commences    with    a   denunciation 
forward  to  the   greater  and  more   general  deliver-  against  Assyria,  (ch.  x.  5,  &c.)     It  proceeds  (cli. 
ance  of  the  elect  of  God.     And  in   the  end   he  xi.)  to  describe  the  reign  of  the  Messiah,  and  con- 
passes  from  this  subject  of  Sennacherib   into   an  eludes  with    a  song   of  praise  for  the  anticipated 
explicit  prophecy  of  the  final  redemption,  which  blessings  of  that  period.     The   prophet  tlien,  tore- 
is  contained  in  the  eleventh  and  twelfth  chapters,  seeing  the  fate  of  Babylon,  takes  up  the  burden 
The  transition  is   so    artificial,  that   the  two    last  of  its  desolation.     Isaiah,  in  prophetic  vision,  saw 
verses  of  this  chapter  may  be  considered  either  as  that  Babylon  would  become  the  capital  of  Assyria 
the  conclusion  of  this  prophecy,  or  the  beginning  of  (it  being  taken  some  few  years  after  by  Lsarliad- 
the  next.  don),  and  would  be  the  cause  of  that  empire  s  ag- 
It  is  interesting  to  observe  the  beautiful  manner  grandizement  and  consequent   fall  ;    therefore,    in 
in  which  the  prophecy  of  our  Saviour  is  introduced  denouncing  vengeance  agauist  that  city,  he^was  in 
in  the  beginning  of  the  eleventh  chapter.     At  the  fact   continuing  his    predictions   against    Assyria, 
conclusion  of  the  tenth,  the  prophet  had  compared  Animated  with  this  idea,  he  proceeds  to  describe 
the  enemies  of  God  and  his  Church   to  the  proud  the  joy  of  the  whole  world  upon  the  overthrow  ot 
and  lofty  forests  of  Lebanon,  the  ruin  of  which  is  the  king  of  Babylon,  when  Lucifer,  the  soil  of  t he 
thus  predicted,—  morning,  shall  fall  from  heaven,  (ch.  xiv.  12.)     1  he 
"  He  shall  cut  down  the  thickets  of  the  forests  bold  and   emphatic  language  of  chapter  xiv.  must 
with  iron,  be  referred  to  the  overthrow  of  that  spiritual  Baby- 
And  the  high    ones   of  stature   shall   be    hewn  Ion,  antichrist,  of  which  pagan  Babylon  was  but 
down."  the  type.     The  capture  of  Babylon  referred  to,  took 
Pursuino-    the    metaphor,    he    represents,    in   the  place  by    the    Medes  and  Persians,  under  Cyrus, 
midst  of" the  general  storm,  while  the  proud  oaks  about  an  hundred  and  seventy-six  years  after  t  le 
of  tJie  forest  are  torn   up  by  their  roots,  or  lopped  prediction.     At  the  time    of  the    delivery    ot    tiie 
of  their   branches,  the    promised    Deliverer,   as  a  prophecy,  the  Medes  were  an  obscure  people,  witli- 
twig   springing   out   of  a   tree    cut   down   to   the  out  any  apparent  means    of  obtaining   tliat  power 
ground  —  necessary  to  bring  about  its  accomplishment. 


Heb.  From  the 
•ml,  and  even  to 


752  ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  ON  THE  INVASION  OF  PALESTINE.     [Period  VI. 

^^  And  my  hand  hath  found  as  a  nest  the  riches  of  the  people ; 
And  as  one  gathcreth  eggs  that  are  left, 
Have  I  gatiiered  all  the  earth  ; 

And  there  was  none  that  moved  the  wing,  or  opened  the  mouth, 
or  peeped." 
^^  Shall  the  axe  boast  itself  against  him  that  heweth  therewith  ? 
Or  shall  the  saw  magnify  itself  against  him  tiiat  shaketh  it  ? 
^^akcZmo"^'^      As  if  tthe  rod  should  shake  itself  against  them  that  lift  it  up, 
liftitup.  Or  as  if  the  statT  should  lift  up  litsclf,  as  if  it  were  no  wood. 

unotwo^d!''      ^^  Therefore  shall  the  Lord,  the  Lord  of  hosts,  send 
Among  his  fat  ones  leanness  ; 
And  under  his  glory  he  shall  kindle  a  burning 
Like  the  burning  of  a  fire, 
i'  And  the  light  of  Israel  shall  be  for  a  fire, 
And  his  Holy  One  for  a  flame : 
And  it  shall  burn  and  devour  his  thorns 
And  his  briers  in  one  day  ; 
^^  And  shall  consume  the  glory  of  his  forest,  and  of  his  fruitful  field, 
*Both  soul  and  body  ; 
thcfie^h.  And  they  shall  be  as  when  a  standardbearer  fainteth 

t     e  .  num  er.        jg  ^^^^  ^j^^  ^^^^  ^^    ^j^^  ^^^^^  ^^   j^.^  forest  sliall  bc  tfcW, 

That  a  child  may  write  them. 

^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day. 
That  the  remnant  of  Israel, 
And  such  as  are  escaped  of  the  house  of  Jacob, 
s'ch.^f.'ao^'  ^'       Shall  ''no  more  again  stay  upon  him  that  smote  them ; 
But  shall  stay  upon  the  Lord, 
The  Holy  One  of  Israel,  in  truth. 
^^  The  remnant  shall  return,  even  the  remnant  of  Jacob, 

Unto  the  Mighty  God. 
^^  For  'though  thy  people  Israel  be  as  the  sand  of  the  sea, 
^am^'sl"' "'"'  ^6*  ^  remnant  tof  them  shall  return  : 

*or,m.  The  consumption  decreed  shall  overflow  *with  righteousness. 

^9.28.' ^^' ^°"     ^^  f'o'"  ^the  Lord  God  of  hosts  shall  make  a  consumption,  (even  deter- 
mined.) 
In  the  midst  of  all  the  land. 

-''  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts, 
O  my  people  that  dwellest  in  Zion,  be  not  afraid  of  the  Assyrian : 
He  shall  smite  thee  with  a  rod, 
\?ftXlta/^       +A"d  shall  lift  up  his  staff" against  thee,  after  the  manner  of  Egypt. 
for  thee.  25  Yox  yet  a  Very  little  while,  and  the  indignation  shall  cease, 

And  mine  anger  in  their  destruction. 
^2Ki.i9.35.      26  ^^^  ^\^q  Lord  of  hosts  shall  stir  up  ^a  scourge  for  him 
ftju.7.25.  According  to  the  slaughter  of  'Midian  at  the  rock  of  Oreb  ; 

X.  14. 26,27.         ^j^^  ,jjg  jjjg  j.^j  ^^,^g  upon  the  sea, 

So  shall  he  lift  it  up  after  the  manner  of  Egypt. 
^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 
X  lUh.reMovc.  rj^j^^j  j^jg  burden  shall  Ibe  taken  away  from  oft'  thy  shoulder, 

And  his  yoke  from  ofi"  thy  neck, 
^I'^l^iio.^"'       A"d  the  yoke  shall  be  des'troyed  because  of  nhe  anointing. 
^-  ^'^  He  is  come  to  Aiath,  he  is  passed  to  Migron  ; 

At  Michmash  he  hath  laid  up  his  carriages  : 
Ac  1  sa.  13. 23.      29  They  are  gone  over  the  ^passage  : 

They  have  taken  up  their  lodging  at  Geba  ; 

Ramah  is  afraid  ; 

Gibeah  of  Saul  is  fled. 
*"i^'kyZice''.'"  ^°  *Lift  up  t!iy  voice,  O  daughter  of  Gallim  ! 


:  Ro.  y.  27. 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  ON  THE  INVASION  OP  PALESTINE.    753 

Cause  it  to  be  heard  unto  Laish, 
O  poor  Anathoth  ! 

31  Madmenah  is  removed  ; 
The  inhabitants  of  Gebim  gather  themselves  to  flee. 

32  As  vet  shall  he  remain  'at  Nob  that  day : 
He  shall  shake  his  hand  against  the  mount  of  the  daughter  of  Zion, 
The  hill  of  Jerusalem. 

33  Behold,  the  Lord,  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
Shall  lop  the  bough  with  terror  : 
And  "the  high  ones  of  stature  shall  be  hewn  down, 
And  the  haughty  shall  be  humbled. 
34  And  he  shall  cut  down  the  thickets  of  the  forest  with  iron, 
And  Lebanon  shall  fall  tby  a  mighty  one. 

I  And  "there  shall  come  forth  a  Rod  out  of  the  stem        ^^aiah  xi. 
of  "Jesse, 
And  ^a  Branch  shall  grow  out  of  his  roots : 
2  And  'the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  shall  rest  upon  him, 
The  Spirit  of  wisdom  and  understanding, 
The  Spirit  of  counsel  and  might. 
The  Spirit  of  knowledge  and  of  the  fear  of  the  Lord  ; 
t  Heb.  scent,  or,     3  ^nd  shall  uiakc  him  of  quick  tunderstanding  in  the  fear  of  the  Lord. 
"""  ■  And  he  shall  not  judge  after  the  sight  of  his  eyes, 

Neither  reprove  after  the  hearing  of  his  ears  ; 
rP3.72.2,4.Re.    4  g^j  ^^^ith  righteousuoss  shall  he  judge  the  poor, 
*'or,'l;^ue.  And  *reprove  with  equity  for  the  meek  of  the  earth  ; 

^  See  Job  4. 9.  ^ud  he  sliall  'smite  the  earth  with  the  rod  of  his  mouth, 

2Ti.et:l:8.Re.       And  with  the  breath  of  his  lips  shall  he  slay  the  wicked. 
i^i6.&2. 16.&    5  ^^^^  '.-io-hteousness  shall  be  the  girdle  of  his  loins, 
tseo  Ep.  6. 14.  j^^^  faithfulness  the  girdle  of  his  reins. 

tt  u.  65. 25.  Ez.  6  ^\^q  "wolf  also  shall  dwell  with  the  lamb, 

34. 25.  Ho.  2. 18.       ^^^^  ^^^^  Icopard  shall  lie  down  with  the  kid  ; 

And  the  calf  and  the  young  lion  and  the  fathng  together ; 
And  a  little  child  shall  lead  them. 
■^  And  the  cow  and  the  bear  shall  feed  ; 
Their  young  ones  shall  lie  down  together : 
And  the  lio°i  shall  eat  straw  like  the  ox. 

8  And  the  sucking  child  shall  play  on  the  hole  of  the  asp,         ^ 

t  or,adder's.  And  the  wcaucd  child  shall  put  his  hand  on  the  fcockatrice  s  den. 

9  They  shall  not  hurt  nor  destroy  in  all  my  holy  mountain : 

V  Hab.  2. 14.  Yor  "the  earth  shall  be  full  of  the  knowledge  of  the  Lord, 

As  the  waters  cover  the  sea. 

w  Ro.  15. 12.        10  And  in  that  day  "there  shall  be  a  Root  of  Jesse, 
Which  shall  stand  for  an  ensign  of  the  people  ; 

iRo.  15. 10.  f  o  it  shall  the  ""Gentiles  seek  : 

y  Heb.  4. 1,  &c.         Aud  ''liis  rcst  shall  be  tglorious. 

XHeh. glory.       11  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  the  Lord  shall  set  his  hand  again  the  second  time 
To  recover  the  remnant  of  his  people. 
Which  shall  be  left,  from  Assyria,  and  from  Egypt, 
And  from  Pathros,  and  from  Gush,  and  from  Elam, 
And  from  Shinah,  and  from  Hamath,  and  from  the  islands  of  the  sea 
12  And  he  shall  set  up  an  ensign  for  the  nations, 
And  shall  assemble  the  outcasts  of  Israel, 

z  Jo.  7. 35.  Ja.  1.        And  gather  together  'the  dispersed  of  Judah 

*^Heb  win.s  Froiii  the  four  *corners  of  the  earth. 

aJe!3.  i8.°Ez.     13  ^ho  "cnvy  also  of  Ephraim  shall  depart, 
Ho.'f.'  n.  "'■  And  the  adversaries  of  Judah  shall  be  cut  off: 

VOL.    I.  Q'^ 


754 


PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH  AGAINST  BABYLON.         [Period  VL 


t  Heb.  the  children 
of  the  east. 

X  Heb.   Edum  and 
Moab  s)iall  be 
the  laying  on  of 
their  hand.    Da. 
11.41. 

*  Heb.  The  chil- 
dren of  Jimmon 
their  obedience. 

b  Zee.  10.  11. 

c  Re.  16.  12. 

t  Heb.  in  shoes. 

dls.  J9.  23. 

e  Ex.  14.  29. 


/Jo.  4.  10,  14.  & 
7.  37,  38. 


i  Or,  Proclaim 


♦  Heb.  inhab- 
itress. 


g  Is,  21.  1.  &  47. 
1.  Je.  1.  &  U. 


t  Heb.  Tlie  like- 
ness of 


kZep.  1.7.  Re. 

6.  17. 
i  Job  31.  23.  Joel 

1.  15. 
X  Or,  fall  down. 


*  Heb.  vinnder. 
t  Hob.  every  man 

at.  his  neighbour 
I  Heh.  faces  of 

Ihefiames. 


Ephraim  shall  not  envy  Judah, 

And  Judah  shall  not  ve.\  Ephraim. 
^^  But  they  shall  fly  upon  the  shoulders  of  the  Philistines  toward  the 

They  shall  spoil  tthem  of  the  east  together  ;  [west ; 

tThey  shall  lay  their  hand  upon  Edoni  and  Moab  ; 

*And  the  children  of  Amnion  shall  obey  them. 
^^  And  the  Lord  ''shall  utterly  destroy  the  tongue  of  the  Egyptian  Sea  ; 

And  with  his  mighty  wind  shall  he  shake  his  hand  over  the  river. 

And  shall  smite  it  in  the  seven  streams, 

And  'make  men  go  over  +dryshod. 
^•^  And  ''there  shall  be  a  highway  for  the  remnant  of  his  people, 

Which  shall  be  left,  from  Assyria  ; 

Like  'as  it  was  to  Israel 

In  the  day  that  he  came  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 
^  And  in  that  day  thou  shalt  say,  Isaiah  xii. 

0  Lord,  I  will  praise  thee  ; 

Though  thou  wast  angry  with  me,  thine  anger  is  turned  away. 
And  thou  comfortedst  me. 
^  Behold,  God  is  my  salvation  ; 

1  will  trust,  and  not  be  afraid  : 

For  the  Lord  Jehovah  is  my  strength  and  my  song  ; 
He  also  is  become  my  salvation. 
^  Therefore  with  joy  shall  ye  draw  %ater  out  of  the  wells  of  salvation. 
"*  And  in  that  day  shall  ye  say, — 
Praise  the  Lord, 
tCall  upon  his  name, 
Declare  his  doings  among  the  people, 
Make  mention  that  his  name  is  e.xalted. 
^  Sing  unto  the  Lord  ;  for  he  hath  done  excellent  things  : 

This  is  known  in  all  the  earth. 
^  Cry  out  and  shout,  thou  ^inhabitant  of  Zion  ! 
For  great  is  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  in  the  midst  of  thee. 
^  The  "Burden  of   Babylon,  which  Isaiah  the  Son  of     Isaiah  xm. 
Amoz  did  see. 
-  Lift  ye  up  a  banner  upon  the  high  mountain. 
Exalt  the  voice  unto  them,  shake  the  hand. 
That  they  may  go  into  the  gates  of  the  nobles. 
^  I  have  commanded  my  sanctified  ones, 
I  have  also  called  my  mighty  ones  for  mine  anger. 
Even  them  that  rejoice  in  my  highness. 
■^  Tlie  noise  of  a  multitude  in  the  mountains, 
f  Like  as  of  a  great  people  ; 

A  tumultuous  noise  of  the  kingdoms  of  nations  gathered  together  : 
The  Lord  of  hosts  mustereth  the  host  of  the  battle. 
^  They  come  from  a  far  country, 
From  the  end  of  heaven. 

Even  the  Lord,  and  the  weapons  of  his  indignation, 
To  destroy  the  whole  land. 

^  Howl  ye  !  "for  the  day  of  the  Lord  is  at  hand ; 
It  'shall  come  as  a  destruction  from  the  Almighty. 
'  Therefore  shall  all  hands  Ibc  faint. 
And  every  man's  heart  shall  melt : 
^  And  they  shall  be  afraid  : 
Pangs  and  sorrows  shall  take  hold  of  them. 
They  shall  be  in  pain  as  a  woman  that  travaileth  ; 
They  shall  "be  amazed  tone  at  another ; 
Their  faces  shall  be  as  Jflames. 


Part  XIII.] 


j  Mai. 


k  Vs.  104.  35 
Pr.  2.  -22. 


I  Is.  24.  21,  23. 
Ez.  32.  7.  Joel 
2.31.  &3.  15. 
Mat.  -24.  29. 
Ma.  13.  24.  Lu. 
21.  25. 


Hag.  2.  6. 


n  Je.  50.  16. 
51.9. 


o  Pa.  137.  9.  Nah. 
3.  10.  Zee.  14.2. 


pis.  21.2.  Je.  51. 
11,  28.  Da.  5. 

28,  31. 


PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH  AGAINST  BABYLON. 


755 


*  Heb.  as  the  over- 
throwing. 

g  Ge.  19.  24,  25. 

De.  29.  23.  Je. 

49.  18.  &  50.  40- 
r  Je.  50.  3,  39.  & 

51.  29,  62. 

t  Heb.  Ziim.  Is. 

34.  11-15.  Re. 

18.2. 
J  Heb.   Ochim. 

*  Or,  ostriches. 
Heb.  daughters 
of  the  owl. 

t  Heb.  rm. 
I  Oi,  palaces. 
sJe.51.33. 


t  Ps.  102.  13. 

«ZeC.  1.  17.  &  2. 
12. 

V  Is.  60.  4,  5,  10. 
Ep.  2.  1-2,  &c. 


*  Heb.  that  had 
taken  them  cap- 
tives 


9  Behold,  ^the  day  of  the  Lord  cometh, 
Cruel  both  with  wrath  and  fierce  anger, 
To  lay  the  land  desolate  ;  .  r- 

And  he  shall  destroy  'the  sinners  thereof  out  ol  it. 

10  For  the  stars  of  heaven  and  the  constellations  thereof 
Shall  not  give  their  light : 

The  sun  shall  be  'darkened  in  his  going  forth. 
And  the  moon  shall  not  cause  her  light  to  shine. 

11  And  I  will  punish  the  world  for  their  evil, 
And  the  wicked  for  their  iniquity  ; 

And  I  will  cause  the  arrogancy  of  the  proud  to  cease, 
And  will  lav  low  the  haughtiness  of  the  terrible. 

12  I  will  make' a  man  more  precious  than  fine  gold; 
Even  a  man  than  the  golden  wedge  of  Ophir. 

13  Therefore  "'I  will  shake  the  heavens, 

And  the  earth  shall  remove  out  of  her  place, 
In  the  wrath  of  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
And  in  the  day  of  his  fierce  anger. 

14  And  it  shall  be  as  the  chased  roe, 

And  as  a  sheep  that  no  man  taketh  up  : 
They  "shall  every  man  turn  to  his  own  people, 
And  flee  every  one  into  his  own  land. 

15  Every  one  that  is  found  shall  be  thrust  through ; 

And  every  one  that  is  joined  unto  them  shall  fall  by  the  sword. 

16  Their  children  also  shall  be  "dashed  to  pieces  before  their  eyes ; 
Their  houses  shall  be  spoiled,  and  their  wives  ravished. 

17  Behold,  ''I  will  stir  up  the  Medes  against  them, 
Which  shall  not  regard  silver  ; 
And  as  for  gold,  they  shall  not  dehght  in  it. 

18  Their  bows  also  shall  dash  the  young  men  to  pieces  ; 
And  they  shall  have  no  pity  on  the  fruit  of  the  womb ; 
Their  eyes  shall  not  spare  children. 

19  And  Babylon,  the  glory  of  kingdoms, 
The  beauty  of  the  Chaldees'  e.xcellency. 

Shall  be  *as  when  God  overthrew  'Sodom  and  Gomorrah. 

20  It'^shall  never  be  inhabited, 

Neither  shall  it  be  dwelt  in  from  generation  to  generation  : 
Neither  shall  the  Arabian  pitch  tent  there  ; 
Neither  shall  the  shepherds  make  their  fold  there. 

21  But  twild  beasts  of  the  desert  shall  lie  there  ; 

And  their  houses  shall  be  full  of  tdoleful  creatures  ; 

And  *owls  shall  dwell  there. 

And  satyrs  shall  dance  there.  ,    .    ^ ,      ,  .    , 

22  And  tthe  wild  beasts  of  the  islands  shall  cry  in  their  tdesolate  houses, 
And  dragons  in  their  pleasant  palaces  ; 

And  'her  time  is  near  to  come. 

And  her  days  shall  not  be  prolonged. 

1  For  'the  Lord  will  have  mercy  on  Jacob, 
And  "will  yet  choose  Israel, 
And  set  them  in  their  own  land  ; 
And  "the  strangers  shall  be  joined  with  them, 
And  they  shall  cleave  to  the  house  of  Jacob. 
And  the  people  shall  take  them,  and  bring  them  to  their  place  ; 
And  the  house  of  Israel  shall  possess  them  in  the  land  of  the  Lord 
For  servants  and  handmaids  ; 

And  they  shall  take  them  captives,  *  whose  captives  they  were, 
And  they  shall  rule  over  their  oppressors. 


Isaiah  xiv.  1-27. 


756 


PROPHECY  OF  ISAIAH  AGAINST  BABYLON.        [Period  VL 


t  Or,  taunting 


J  Or,  ezaetress 
of  gold.  Re.  18 
16. 


*  Heb.  a  stroke 
loUAout  remov- 
ing. 


t  Or,   The  grave. 
Ez.  32.  21. 


J  Heb.  leaders. 
Or,  great  goats. 


Or,  O  day  star. 


iMat.  11.23. 
;  Da.  8.  10. 


itSThes.  2.  4. 
J  Mat.  11.23. 


t  Or,  did  not  let 
his  prisoners 
loose  homewards 


^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  the  day  that  the  Lord  shall  give  thee 
From  thy  sorrow,  and  from  thy  fear,  [rest 

And  from  the  hard  bondage 
Wherein  tliou  wast  made  to  serve, 
^  That  thou  shalt  take  up  this  tproverb  against  the  king  of  Babylon, 
How  hath  the  oppressor  ceased  !  [and  say, — 

The  tgolden  city  ceased  1 
^  The  Lord  hath  broken  the  staff  of  the  wicked, 

And  the  sceptre  of  the  rulers. 
^  He  who  smote  the  people  in  wrath 
Witii  "a  continual  stroke, 
He  that  ruled  the  nations  in  anger. 
Is  persecuted,  and  none  hindereth. 
'  The  wJiole  earth  is  at  rest,  and  is  quiet  : 

They  break  forth  into  singing. 
®  Yea,  the  fir  trees  rejoice  at  thee. 
And  the  cedars  of  Lebanon,  saying, — 
Since  thou  art  laid  down. 
No  feller  is  come  up  against  us. 
^  tHell  from  beneath  is  moved  for  thee 
To  meet  thee  at  thy  coming ; 
It  stirreth  up  the  dead  for  thee. 
Even  all  the  tchief  ones  of  the  earth ; 
It  hath  raised  up  from  their  thrones 
All  the  kings  of  the  nations. 
^^  All  they  shall  speak  and  say  unto  thee, — 
Art  thou  also  become  weak  as  we  ? 
Art  thou  become  like  unto  us  ? 
^'  Thy  pomp  is  brought  down  to  the  grave. 
And  the  noise  of  thy  viols  : 

The  worm  is  spread  under  thee,  and  the  worms  cover  thee. 
*^  How  art  thou  fallen  from  heaven, 
*0  Lucifer,  son  of  the  morning  ! 
How  art  thou  cut  down  to  the  ground, 
Which  didst  weaken  the  nations  ! 
^^  For  thou  iiast  said  in  thy  heart, — 
I  'will  ascend  into  heaven, 
I  ^will  exalt  my  throne  above  the  stars  of  God  : 
I  will  sit  also  upon  the  Mount  of  the  Congregation,  in  the  sides 
^^  I  will  ascend  above  the  heights  of  the  clouds  ;    [of  the  North : 
I  '^will  be  like  the  Most  High. 
^^  Yet  thou  'shalt  be  brought  down  to  hell. 
To  the  sides  of  the  pit. 

^^  They  that  see   thee   shall  narrowly  look  upon  thee,  and  consider 
thee,  saying, — 
Is  this  the  man  that  made  the  earth  to  tremble, 
That  did  shake  kingdoms  ; 
^■^  That  made  the  world  as  a  wilderness. 
And  destroyed  the  cities  thereof; 
That  topened  not  the  house  of  his  prisoners  ? 
'®  All  the  kings  of  the  nations,  even  all  of  them, 

Lie  in  glory,  every  one  in  his  own  house. 
^^  But  thou  art  cast  out  of  thy  grave 
Like  an  abominable  branch. 

And  as  the  raiment  of  those  that  are  slain,  thrust  through  with  a 
That  go  down  to  the  stones  of  the  pit ;  [sword. 

As  a  carcass  trodden  under  feet. 


Part  XIII.]  ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  OF  THE  DESOLATION  OF  JUD^A.        757 

^^  Thou  shalt  not  be  joined  with  them  in  burial. 
Because  thou  hast  destroyed  thy  land. 
And  slain  thy  people  : 
'2i°io^.^'  ^^'  ^^'  The  "'seed  of  evil  doers  shall  never  be  renowned. 

^^  Prepare  slaughter  for  his  children 
"l^ss^."'  ^'  ^^''''  Fo'"  "tlie  iniquity  of  their  fathers  ; 

That  they  do  not  rise,  nor  possess  the  land, 
Nor  fill  the  face  of  the  world  with  cities, 
2^  For  I  will  rise  up  against  them,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
oPr,  ]o.  7.  ^j^(j  ^,^^  Q^f  f,.Qj^  Babylon  "the  name,  and  remnant, 

And  son,  and  nephew,  saith  the  Lord, 
^^  I  will  also  make  it  a  possession  for  the  bittern,  and  pools  of  water  : 
And  I  will  sweep  it  with  the  besom  of  destruction,  saith  the  Lord 

of  hosts, 
2*  The  Lord  of  hosts  hath  sworn,  saying, 
Surely  as  I  have  thought — so  shall  it  come  to  pass  ; 
And  as  I  have  purposed — so  shall  it  stand  : 
^^  That  I  will  break  the  Assyrian  in  my  land. 
And  upon  my  mountains  tread  him  under  foot : 
Then  shall  his  yoke  depart  from  off  them, 
And  his  burden  depart  from  off  their  shoulders, 
^^  This  is  the  purpose  that  is  purposed  upon  the  whole  earth : 
And  this  is  the  hand  that  is  stretched  out  upon  all  the  nations, 
ua  %  %'  ^35      ^''  "^°^  *^'^^  Lord  of  hosts  hath  ^'purposed — and  who  shall  disannul  it  ? 
And  his  hand  is  stretched  out — and  who  shall  turn  it  back  ?'**' 


p  2  Oh.  20.  6. 
Job  9.  12.  Ps, 
33.  11.  Pr. 


A.  M 


SECT.  viir.     Section  VIII. — General  Prophecy  oftlic  Desolation  and  Recovery  ofJudcEa. 

Isaiah  xxiv.<^®>  to  xxvii. 
C.  714.  The  doleful  judgments  of  God  upon  the  land.     \^  A  remnant  shall  joyfully  praise  him.     16  God  in 

his  judgments  shall  adva?ice  his  kingdom.  —  Chap.  xxv.  ]   The  propliel  praiseth  God,  for  his 

judgments,  6  for  his  saving  benefits,  9  and  for  his  victorious  salvation.  —  Chap.  xxvi.  1  A  song 
inciting  to  confidence  in  God,  5  for  his  judgments ,  Viand  for  his  favor  to  his  people.  iO  An 
exhortation  to  wait  on  God.  —  Chap,  xxvii.  1  The  care  of  God  over  his  vineyard.  1  His  chas- 
tisements differ  from  judgments.     12  The  Chnrch  oj'  Jews  and  Gentiles. 

^  Behold,  the  Lord  maketh  the  earth  empty,  and  maketh  it  waste. 

(■'^)  Bishop  Lowth  remarks,  that  this  chapter  con-  condition.  His  body  is  then  represented  as  being 
tains  a  poem  superior  to  any  thing  of  its  kind  extant  cast  out,  and  lying  naked  on  the  ground,  vvitli  the 
in  any  language.  For  beauty  of  disposition,  strength  common  slain, just  after  the  taking  of  the  city;  and 
of  coloring,  greatness  of  sentiment,  brevity,  perspi-  he  is  again  reproached,  with  the  severest  taunts,  for 
cuity,  and  force  of  expression,  it  stands  among  all  his  cruel  usage  of  the  conquered,  which  deserved- 
the  monuments  of  antiquity  unrivalled.  Chap.  xiii.  ly  brought  upon  him  this  ignominious  treatment, 
opens  with  the  gathering  together  of  the  different  To  complete  the  whole,  God  is  introduced,  declar- 
nations,  appointed  to  execute  the  divine  wrath  on  incr  the  fate  of  Babylon,  the  utter  extirpation  of 
Babylon  ;  and  from  ver.  11,  to  the  end,  predicts  the  the  royal  family,  the  total  dissolution  of  the  city, 
dreadful  destruction  of  its  inhabitants,  and  the  ever-  the  deliverance  of  his  people,  and  the  destruction 
lasting  desolation  to  which  that  great  city  was  of  their  enemies  ;  confirming  the  irreversible  decree 
doomed.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  examples  by  the  awful  sanction  of  his  oath.  This  prophecy 
of  variety  of  image,  sublimity  of  sentiment  and  die-  was  delivered  one  hundred  and  eighty  years  before 
tion,  that  can  be  given  in  the  prophetic  style.  The  its  accomplishment;  and  the  Medes,  who  are  ex- 
deliverance  of  J  udah  from  captivity,  the  immediate  pressly  mentioned,  chap.  xiii.  7.,  as  the  principal 
consequence  of  this  great  event,  is  celebrated  in  acrents  in  the  overthrow  of  Babylon,  were  at  that 
ver.  1.  2,  chap.  xiv.  The  ode  then  commences  time  an  inconsiderable  people,  having  been  in  a 
with  a  chorus  of  Jews  rejoicing  in  the  downfall  of  state  of  anarchy  ever  since  the  fall  of  the  Assyrian 
the  oppressor,  and  the  destruction  ofthe"  golden  empire,  of  which  they  had  made  a  part,  under  Sar- 
city."  The  whole  earth  shouteth  for  joy,  and  the  danapalus.  and  did  not  become  a  kingdom  under 
cedars  of  Lebanon  (or  all  those  rulers,  or  kingdoms,  Deioces  till  about  the  17th  of  Hezekiah. — Notes 
who  had  been  harassed  or  oppressed)  utter  a  severe  on  Isaiah,  in  loc. — Lowth. 

taunt  over  the  fallen  tyrant.  The  regions  of  the  (*^)  These  chapters  are  generally  supposed  to 
dead  are  then  laid  open,  ver.  9,  and  Hades  is  rep-  allude  to  Sennacherib's  invasion.  Bishop  Lowth 
resented  as  rousing  up  the  shades  of  the  departed  is  of  opinion,  that  they  refer  to  the  three  great  des- 
monarchs.  to  receive  the  king  of  Babylon  on  his  olations  of  .ludoea,  by  Shalmaneser,  Sennacherib, 
entrance,  and  to  insult  him  on  being  reduced  to  the  and  the  Romans. — Bishop  Horsley,  to  the  general 
same  miserable  state  oi"  impotence  and  dissolution  tribulation  of  the  latter  ages,  and  the  succeeding 
with  themselves.  The  Jews  now  resume  the  speech,  prosperity  of  the  Church  in  the  end  ofthe  world, 
ver.  12,  and  address  the  king  of  Babylon  as  the  They  are  placed  here  chiefly  on  the  authority  of 
morning  star  fallen  from  heaven ;  and  compare,  Lightfoot ;  and  seem  to  have  been  written  to  con- 
in  bitter  terms  of  reproach,  his  former  arrogant  sole  the  faithful  people  of  Judcea,  in  the  desolation 
boasts  of  power,  with  his  present   low  and  abject  cau.sed  l>y  Sennacherib's  army. 

VOh.   I.  3  L 


758 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  DESOLATION  OF  JUBJEA.       [Period  VI. 


•  Heb.  pervTteA 
the  face  thereof. 


t  Or,  prince. 


X  Heb.  The 

height  of  the 
people. 


b  Je.  7.  34.  Ez. 
26.  13.  Ho.  2. 11. 
Re.  18.  22. 


'  Or,  valleys. 


t  Heb.  wing. 


I  Heb.  Leanness 
to  me,  or,  Jily 
secret  to  mc. 


cSee  IKi.  19. 17 
Je.  48.  43,  44. 
Am.  5.  19. 


And  *turneth  it  upside  down,  and  scattereth  abroad  the  inhabitants 

thereof. 
And  it  shall  be,  as  with  the  people — so  with  the  tpriest ; 
As  with  the  servant — so  with  his  master ; 
As  with  the  maid — so  with  her  mistress ; 
As  with  the  buyer — so  with  the  seller  ; 
As  with  the  lender — so  with  the  borrower  ; 
As  with  the  taker  of  usury — so  with  the  giver  of  usury  to  him. 
The  land  shall  be  utterly  emj)tied,  and  utterly  spoiled  ; 
For  the  Lord  hath  spoken  this  word. 
The  earth  mourneth  and  fadeth  away, 
The  world  languisheth  and  fadeth  away, 
tThe  haughty  people  of  the  earth  do  languish. 
The  earth  also  is  defiled  under  the  inhabitants  thereof; 
Because  they  have  transgressed  the  laws,  changed  the  ordinance, 
Broken  the  everlasting  covenant. 
Therefore  hath  "the  curse  devoured  the  earth. 
And  they  that  dwell  therein  are  desolate  : 

Therefore  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth  are  burned,  and  few  men  left 
The  new  wine  mourneth, 
The  vine  languisheth. 
All  the  merry-hearted  do  sigh. 
The  mirth  ''of  tabrets  ceaseth. 
The  noise  of  them  that  rejoice  endeth. 
The  joy  of  the  harp  ceaseth. 
They  shall  not  drink  wine  with  a  song : 
Strong  drink  shall  be  bitter  to  them  that  drink  it. 
The  city  of  confusion  is  broken  down  : 
Every  house  is  shut  up,  that  no  man  may  come  in. 
There  is  a  crying  for  wine  in  the  streets  ; 
All  joy  is  darkened,  the  mirth  of  the  land  is  gone. 
In  the  city  is  left  desolation, 
And  the  gate  is  smitten  with  destruction. 

When  thus  it  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  the  land  among  the  people, 
There  shall  be  as  the  shaking  of  an  olive  tree. 
And  as  the  gleaning  grapes  when  the  vintage  is  done. 
They  shall  lift  up  their  voice,  tiiey  shall  sing  ; 
For  the  majesty  of  the  Lord,  they  shall  cry  aloud  from  the  sea. 
Wherefore  glorify  ye  the  Lord  in  the  *fires, 

Even  the  name  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  in  the  isles  of  the  sea. 
From  the  f  uttermost  j)art  of  the  earth  have  we  heard  songs, 
Even  glory  to  the  righteous  ! 

But  I  said,  tMy  leanness,  my  leanness,  woe  unto  me ! 
The  treacherous  dealers  have  dealt  treacherously  ; 
Yea,  the  treacherous  dealers  have  dealt  very  treacherously. 
Fear,  "and  the  pit,  and  the  snare, 
Are  upon  thee,  O  inhabitant  of  the  earth  ! 
And  it  sh.all  come  to  pass, 

That  he  who  fleeth  from  the  noise  of  the  fear  shall  fall  into  the  pit ; 
And  he  that  cometh  up  out  of  the  midst  of  the  pit  shall  be  taken  in 

the  snare  : 
For  the  windows  from  on  high  are  open. 
And  the  foundations  of  the  earth  do  shake. 
The  earth  is  utterly  broken  down, 

The  earth  is  clean  dissolved,  the  earth  is  moved  exceedingly. 
The  earth  shall  reel  to  and  fro  like  a  drunkard, 
And  shall  be  removed  like  a  cottasje  ; 


Part  XIII.] 


►  Heb.  visit  upon. 


•f  Hcb.  mth  the 
gathering  of 
prisoners. 

J  Or,  dungeon. 

*  Or,  found  want 

d  Re.  19.  4,  6. 

e  Heb.  12.  22. 

t  Or,  there  shall 
be  glory  before 
Jus  ancients. 

/Ex.  15.2.  Ps. 
118.  28. 

^Nu.23.  19. 


AEe.  11.  13. 


t  Pr.  9.  2.  Mat. 

22.4. 
j  Da.  7.  14.  Mat. 

8.  11. 

J  Heb.  swallotc 

up. 

*  Heb.  covered. 
fc2Co.  3.  15. 

Eph.  4.  18. 
IBo.  13.  14. 

1  Co.  15.  54.  Re 

20.  14.  &  21.  4. 
m  Re.  7.  17.  & 

21.4. 


n  (ie.  49.  18.  Tit. 
2.  13. 

0  Vs.  20.  5. 


t  Or,  threshed. 

J  Or.  threshed . 
Madinenah. 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RECOVERY  OF  JUD^A.  759 

And  the  transgression  thereof  shall  be  heavy  upon  it ; 
And  it  shall  fall,  and  not  rise  again. 

21  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  the  Lord  shall  *  punish  the  host  of  the  high  ones  that  are  on 
And  the  kings  of  the  earth  upon  the  earth.  [high, 

22  And  they  shall  be  gathered  together, 
tAs  prisoners  are  gathered  in  the  tpit, 
And  shall  be  shut^up  in  the  prison, 

And  after  many  days  shall  they  be  *visited. 

23  Then  the  moon  shall  be  confounded,  and  the  sun  ashamed, 
When  the  Lord  of  hosts  shall  "reign  in  'Mount  Zion, 
And  in  Jerusalem,  and  tbefore  his  ancients  gloriously. 

,    ^  _  1  X  /^     ]  Isaiah  xxv. 

1  O  Lord,  thou  art  my  (jod  ; 

I  Avill  exalt  thee,  I  will  praise  thy  name  ; 

For  thou  hast  done  wonderful  things  ; 

Thy  'counsels  of  old  are  faithfulness  and  truth. 

2  For  thou  hast  made  of  a  city  a  heap  ; 
Of  a  defenced  city  a  ruin  ; 

A  palace  of  strangers  to  be  no  city — 
It  shall  never  be  built. 

3  Therefore  shall  the  strong  people  ''glorify  thee, 
The  city  of  the  terrible  nations  shall  fear  thee. 

4  For  thou  hast  been  a  strength  to  the  poor, 
A  strength  to  the  needy  in  his  distress, 

A  refuD^e  from  the  storm,  a  shadow  from  the  heat, 

When°the  blast  of  the  terrible  ones  is  as  a  storm  against  the  wall. 

5  Thou  shalt  bring  down  the  noise  of  strangers, 
As  the  heat  in  a  dry  place  ; 

Even  the  heat  with  the  shadow  of  a  cloud : 

The  branch  of  the  terrible  ones  shall  be  brought  low. 

6  And  in  this  mountain  shall  'the  Lord  of  hosts  make  unto^U  people 
A  feast  of  fat  things,  a  feast  of  wines  on  the  lees. 

Of  fat  things  full  of  marrow,  of  wines  on  the  lees  well  refined. 
■^  And  he  will  tdestroy  in  this  mountain 
The  face  of  the  covering  *cast  over  all  people, 
And  Hhe  veil  that  is  spread  over  all  nations. 

8  He  will  'swallow  up  death  in  victory  ;  rr    i,  r 
And  the  Lord  God  will  '"wipe  away  tears  from  off  all  iaces  ; 

And  the  rebuke  of  his  people  shall  he  take  away  from  off  all  the 

earth  : 
For  the  Lord  hath  spoken  it. 

9  And  it  shall  be  said  in  that  day, — 
Lo,  this  is  our  God  ! 

We  "have  waited  for  him— and  he  will  save  us : 
This  is  the  Lord  1  ,...,. 

We  have  waited  for  him— we  "will  be  glad  and  rejoice  in  his 

salvation. 

10  For  in  this  mountain  shall  the  hand  of  the  Lord  rest, 
And  Moab  shall  be  itiodden  down  under  him, 
Even  as  straw  is  Urodden  down  for  the  dunghill. 

11  And  he  shall  spread  forth  his  hands  in  the  midst  of  them, 
As  he  that  swimmcth  spreadeth  forth  his  hands  to  swim  : 
And  he  shall  bring  down  their  pride 

Together  with  the  spoils  of  their  hands. 

12  And  the  fortress  of  the  high  fort  of  thy  walls  shall  he  bring  down. 
Lay  low,  and  bring  to  the  ground— even  to  the  dust. 

1  In  that  day  shall  this  song  be  sung  in  the  land  of  Judah  ;  i^aiah  xxvi 


760 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RECOVERY  OF  JUD^A,     [Period  VI. 


•  Heb.  tnahs. 

t  Heb.  pewe, 

peace.  Is.  57.  19. 
J  Or,  thoutrlu,  or, 

imagination. 


p  Is.  45.  17. 
*  Heb.  tlie  rock 

of  ages.  De.  32. 

4. 


r  .Tob  34.  27.  Pa. 

28.  5. 

t  Or,  toward  thy 
people 


X  Or,  for  us. 

B  2  Ch.  12.  8 


*  Heb.  secret 
speech. 
uJolin  16.21. 


dEz.  37.  l,4tc. 


We  have  a  strong  city  ; 

Salvation  will  God  appoint  for  walls  and  bulwarks. 
^  Open  ye  tlie  gates, 

That  the  righteous  nation  which  keepeth  the  *truth  may  enter  in. 
^  Thou  wilt  keep  him  tin  perfect  peace, 

Whose  tmind  is  stayed  on  thee  : 

Because  he  trusteth  in  thee. 
^  Trust  ye  in  the  Lord  for  ever  ; 

For  ^'in  the  Lord  Jehovah  is  *everlasting  strength. 
^  For  he  bringeth  down  them  that  dwell  on  high ; 

The  lofty  city,  he  layeth  it  low  ; 

He  layeth  it  low,  even  to  the  ground  ; 

He  bringeth  it  even  to  the  dust. 
^  The  foot  shall  tread  it  down, 

Even  the  feet  of  the  poor,  and  the  steps  of  the  needy. 
■^  The  way  of  the  just  is  uprightness  : 

Thou,  Most  Upright !  dost  weigh  the  path  of  the  just. 
^  Yea,  in  the  way  of  thy  judgments,  O  Lord,  have  we  waited  for 
thee  ; 

The  desire  of  our  soul  is  to  thy  name,  and  to  the   remembrance 
of  thee. 
^  With  my  soul  have  I  desired  thee  in  the  night ; 

Yea,  with  my  spirit  within  me  will  I  seek  thee  early : 

For  when  thy  judgments  are  in  the  earth. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  world  will  learn  righteousness. 
^'^  Let  'favor  be  showed  to  the  wicked. 

Yet  will  he  not  learn  righteousness  : 

In  the  land  of  uprightness  will  he  deal  unjustly, 

And  will  not  behold  the  majesty  of  the  Lord. 
^^  Lord,  when  thy  hand  is  lifted  up,  ''they  will  not  see  : 

But  they  shall  see,  and  be  ashamed  for  their  envy  tat  the  people  ; 

Yea,  the  fire  of  thine  enemies  shall  devour  them. 
^^  Lord,  thou  wilt  ordain  peace  for  us  ; 

For  thou  also  hast  wrought  all  our  works  tin  us. 
^^  O  Lord  our  God,  "other  lords  besides  thee  have  had  dominion 
over  us  ; 

But  by  thee  only  will  we  make  mention  of  thy  name. 
'*  They  are  dead — they  shall  not  live  ; 

They  are  deceased — they  shall  not  rise  : 

Therefore  hast  thou  visited  and  destroyed  them, 

And  made  all  their  memory  to  perish. 
^^  Thou  hast  increased  the  nation,  O  Lord, 

Thou  hast  increased  the  nation  :   thou  art  glorified  : 

Thou  hadst  removed  it  for  unto  all  the  ends  of  the  earth. 
^^  Lord,  'in  trouble  have  they  visited  thee, 

They  poured  out  a  *praycr  when  thy  chastening  was  upon  them. 
^^  Like  as  "a  woman  with  child, 

That  draweth  near  the  time  of  her  delivery, 

Is  in  pain,  and  crieth  out  in  her  pangs ; 

So  have  we  been  in  thy  sight,  O  Loud  ! 
^®  We  have  been  with  child,  we  have  been  in  pain, 

We  have  as  it  were  brought  forth  wind  ; 

We  have  not  wrought  any  deliverance  in  the  earth ; 

Neither  have  the  inhabitants  of  the  world  fallen. 
^^  Thy  "dead  men  shall  live. 

Together  with  my  dead  body  shall  they  arise. 

Awake  "and  sin^,  ye  that  dwell  in  dust : 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RECOVERY  OF  JUD^A. 


761 


y  Ps.  30.  5.  2  Co. 
4.  17. 


z  Mic.  1.  3.  Jude 
14. 


a  Some  enemies 
of  the  Jews  are 
here  personified 
bv  tlie  names  of 
"'Leviathiin  " 
and  "  Dragon." 
—Ed. 


*  Or,  march 
airainst. 


■f  Heb.  according 

to  the  stroke  of 

those. 
t  Job  23.  fi.  Ps. 

6.  I.  Je.  10.  24. 

1  Co.  10.  13. 
J.  Or,  -mhen  thou 

seiidest  U  forth. 
*  Or,  When  he 

removelh  it.  Ps. 

78.  38. 


t  Or,  sun  images 


dSee  Is.  17.2 
&  32.  14. 


e  De.  32.  28.  Je 

8.7. 

/De.  32.  18. 


g  Mat.  24.  ; 
Re.  11.  15. 


For  thy  dew  is  as  the  dew  of  herbs, 
And  the  earth  shall  cast  out  the  dead. 

20  Come,  my  people,  'enter  thou  into  thy  chambers, 
And  shut  thy  doors  about  thee : 

Hide  thyself  as  it  were  ^for  a  little  moment, 
Until  the  indignation  be  overpast. 

21  For,  behold,  the  Lord  -cometh  out  of  his  place 

To  punish  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth  for  their  iniqmty. 

The  earth  also  shall  disclose  her  tblood, 

And  shall  no  more  cover  her  slain.  ,       j     ^ 

1  In  that  day  the  Lord  with  his  sore  and  great  and     Chap.  xxvu. 
strong  sword 
Shall  punish  ^Leviathan  the  tpiercing  serpent, 
Even  Leviathan  that  crooked  serpent ; 
And  he  shall  slay  the  Dragon  that  is  in  the  sea. 
2  In  that  day  sing  ye  unto  her,— 
A  vineyard  of  red  wine. 

3  I  the  Lord  do  keep  it ; 

I  will  water  it  every  moment : 

Lest  any  hurt  it, 

I  will  keep  it  night  and  day. 

4  Furv  is  not  in  me :  .  .  ^^^^^^  ■) 
Who  would  set  the  briers  and  thorns  against  me  m  battle  . 
I  would  *go  through  them,  I  would  burn  them  together. 

5  Or  let  him  take  hoid  of  my  strength. 
That  he  may  "make  peace  with  me  ; 
And  he  shall  make  peace  with  me. 

6  He  shall  cause  them  that  come  of  Jacob  Ho  take  root: 

Israel  shall  blossom  and  bud. 

And  fill  the  face  of  the  world  with  fruit. 
->  Hath  he  smitten  him,tas  he  smote  those  that  smote  him 

3r  is  he  slain  according  to  the  slaughter  of  thern  that  are  «la -  by  ^^  • 

8  In  ^measure,  twhen  it  shooteth  forth,  thou  wilt  debate  with  it. 
*He  stayeth  his  rough  wind  in  the  day  of  the  east  wind. 

9  By  this  therefore  shall  the  iniquity  of  Jacob  be  purged  ; 
AnH  this  is  all  the  fruit  to  take  away  his  sm  ; 
When  he  rnaketh  all  the  stones  of  the  altar  as  chalkstones  that  are 

beaten  in  sunder, 
The  groves  and  t images  shall  not  stand  up. 

10  Yet  the  defenced  city  shall  be  desolate, 

And  the  habitation  forsaken,  and  left  like  a  wilderness  : 
There  ^shall  the  calf  feed,  and  there  shall  he  he  down. 
And  consume  the  branches  thereof. 

11  When  the  boughs  thereof  are  withered,  they  shall  be  broken  ott . 
The  women  come,  and  set  them  on  fire : 
For  'it  is  a  people  of  no  understanding : 
Therefore  He  that  made  them  will  not  have  mercy  on  them, 
And  ^He  that  formed  them  will  show  them  no  favor. 

12  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day. 
That  the  Lord  shall  beat  off 

From  the  channel  of  the  river  unto  the  stream  ol  Egypt 
And  ye  shall  be  gathered  one  by  one,  O  ye  children  of  Israel . 

13  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 
That  nhe  great  trumpet  shall  be  blown, 

And  they  shall  come  which  were  ready  to  perish  in  the  land  of  Assyria, 
And  the  outcasts  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  T.rn<,alpm 

And  shall  worship  the  Lord  in  the  Holy  Mount  at  Jerusalem. 
96  ^"^ 


162 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  INVASION  OF  JUD.EA.       [Period  VL 


SECT.  IX.      Section  IX. 


A.  M.   3291. 


-Isaiah's  Prophecy  of  the  Invasion  ofJudcea,  and  the  Destruc- 
tion of  Babylon. 

Isaiah  xxii.  1-14/^'^)  und  xxi. 


Heb.  of  the  bow. 


i  Heh.  I  xcUl  be  bU- 
ter  in  weeping. 


a  La.  1.5.  &  2. 
2. 


J  Je.  49.  35. 
1  Heb.  made 


*  Heb.  the  choice 
nfthy  valleys. 
t  Or,  toward. 


d  2  Ki.  20.  20. 
2  Ch.  32.  4,  5, 
30. 


/See  Ezra  0.  3. 
Mic.  I.  16. 


a  I.  e.  snyini, 
"  Let  us,"  &c.- 

FA. 
S  1  Co.  15.  32. 


Isaiah  lamenteth  the  invasion  of  Jewry  hy  the  Persians.  He  reproveth  their  humem  wisdom  and 
worldly  joy.  He  bewails  the  captirily  of  his  people,  and  seeth  in  a  vision  the  fall  of  Babylon  by 
the  Medes  and  Persians.  11  Edom,  scorning  the  prophet,  is  moved  to  repeTitance.  15  The  set 
time  of  Arabia's  calamity. 

^  The  Burden  of  the  Valley  of  Vision. 
What  aileth  thee  now, 
That  thou  art  wholly  gone  up  to  the  house  tops  ? 
2  Thou  that  art  full  of  stirs, 
A  tumultuous  city,  a  joyous  city  : 
Thy  slain  men  are  not  slain  with  the  sword, 
Nor  dead  in  battle. 
^  All  thy  rulers  are  fled  together, 
They  are  bound  *by  the  archers : 
All  that  are  found  in  thee  are  bound  together, 
Which  have  fled  from  far. 
^  Therefore  said  I,  "  Look  away  from  me  ; 
tl  will  weep  bitterly. 

Labor  not  to  comfort  me,  because  of  the  spoiling  of  the  daughter 
of  my  people." 
^  For  it  is  a  day  of  trouble,  and  of  treading  down,  and  of  perplexity 
By  "the  Lord  God  of  hosts  in  the  Valley  of  Vision, 
Breaking  down  the  walls, 
And  of  crying  to  the  mountains. 
^  And  ''Elam  bare  the  quiver  with  chariots  of  men  and  horsemen, 

And  Kir  tuncovered  the  shield. 
'  And  it  shall  come  to  pass. 
That  *thy  choicest  valleys  shall  be  full  of  chariots. 
And  the  horsemen  shall  set  themselves  in  array  tat  the  gate. 
^  And  he  discovered  the  covering  of  Judah,  [forest. 

And  thou  didst  look   in  that  day  to  the  armor  ^of  the  house  of  the 
^  Ye  ''have  seen  also  the  breaches  of  the  city  of  David,  that  they  are 
And  ye  gathered  together  the  waters  of  the  lower  pool.         [many : 
^^  And  ye  have  numbered  the  houses  of  Jerusalem, 

And  the  houses  have  ye  broken  down  to  fortify  the  wall. 
^^  Ye  'made  also  a  ditcii  between  the  two  walls  for  the  water  of  the  old 
But  ye  have  not  looked  unto  the  maker  thereof.  [pool : 

Neither  had  res{)ect  unto  him  that  fashioned  it  long  ago. 
^^  And  in  that  day  did  the  Lord  God  of  hosts  call 
To  weeping,  and  to  mourning, 
And  •'^to  baldness,  and  to  girding  with  sackcloth : 
^^  And  behold  joy  and  gladness. 
Slaying  oxen,  and  killing  sheep, 
Eating  flesh,  and  drinking  wine:* 
Let  "us  eat  and  drink  ; 
For  to-morrow  we  shall  die. 
^^  And  it  was  revealed  in  mine  ears  by  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

conjecture,  however,  is  very  probable,  that  these 
first  fourteen  verses  refer  to  the  sieg'e  and  capture 
of  Jerusalem  in  tlie  reign  of  Zedekiah.  In  his 
opinion,  tlie  impenitence  alluded  to  in  ver.  11  and 
13,  and  the  utter  ruin  denounced  in  ver.  14,  suit 
not  the  time  of  Hezekiah,  nor  tlie  event  of  Senna- 
cherib's expedition.  Tliis  jirophccy  may  indeed  be 
considered  as  referrinir  to  both  these  events;  one 
may  be  regarded  as  it  were  the  type  of  the  other. 
— Horsley's  Bib.  Crit.  vol.  ii. 


(■"1  In  this  animated  and  beautiful  chapter,  the 
prophet  represents  the  people  of  Jerusalem  as  run- 
ning to  the  house  tops,  to  gaze  on  an  approaching 
army.  At  the  time  of  the  delivery  of  this  prophecy, 
it  is  most  probable  that  the  host  of  Assyria  was 
daily  expected  to  appear  before  Jerusalem.  On 
comparing  Isaiah  xxii.  !),  with  2  Chroii.  xxxii.  5, 
it  will  be  evident  that  the  prophet  alludes  in  the 
plainest  terms  to  the  warlike  preparations  of  Heze- 
kiah for  the  defence  of  the  city.     Bishop  Horsley's 


h  De.  23.  C 
t  Heb.  put. 
i  Da.  5.  5. 


Fart  XIIL]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  BABYLON.        763 

Surely  this  iniquity  shall  not  be  purged  from  you  till  ye  die, 
Saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts. 

1  The  Burden  of  the  Desert  of  the  Sea.^^'     Chap.  xxi. 
As  whirlwinds  in  the  south  pass  through ; 
So  it  Cometh  from  the  desert,  from  a  terrible  land. 
J  Heb.  hard.         2  ^  |trrievous  visiou  is  declared  unto  me  ; 

The  treacherous  dealer  dealeth  treacherously,  and  the  spoiler  spoileth. 
Go  up,  O  Elam  !  besiege,  O  Media ! 
All  the  sighing  thereof  have  I  made  to  cease- 
3  Therefore  are  my  loins  filled  with  pain : 
Pangs  have  taken  hold  upon  me,  as  the  pangs  of  a  woman  that 
I  was  bowed  down  at  the  hearing  of  it ;  [travaileth : 

I  was  dismayed  at  the  seeing  of  it. 
*^Jndfre<r^'"^       ''  *My  heart  panted, 

Fearfulness  affrighted  me : 

The  ''night  of  my  pleasure  hath  he  tturned  into  fear  unto  me. 

5  Prepare  "'the  table,  watch  in  the  watchtower,  eat,  drink : 
Arise,  ye  princes,  and  anoint  the  shield. 

6  For  thus  hath  the  Lord  said  unto  me, — 

"  Go,  set  a  watchman, 
Let  him  declare  what  he  seeth." 
'  And  he  saw  a  chariot  with  a  couple  of  horsemen, 
A  chariot  of  asses,  and  a  chariot  of  camels  ; 
J  Or,  cried  <w  a  And  hc  hcarkencd  diligently  with  uiuch  hccd  :  ^  and  Ihe  cried  a  lion: 

''""■  "  My  lord,  I  stand  continually  upon  the  watchtower  in  the  daytime, 

*  Or,  every  nigkt.  ji^^(\  J  g^^n  sct  iu  my  Ward  *  whole  nights: 

^  And,  behold,  here  cometh  a  chariot  of  men, 

With  a  couple  of  horsemen." 
And  he  answered  and  said, — 
J  je.  51.8.  Re.  "  Babylou  ^is  fallen  !  is  fallen  ! 

14. 8.  &  18. 2.  ^^^  ^j^  ^^^  graven  images  of  her  gods  he  hath  broken  unto  the 

fHeb.^on.  10  Q  j^y  thrcshiug,  and  the  tcorn  of  my  floor:  [ground." 

(«)  Part   of  this   prophecy  was    to   be  fulfilled  Burden  of  Babylon,  "the  Desert  of  the  Sea,"  which 

within   a  year  of  its  delivery,  see  ver.  16  ;  and  it  he  foresees  would  bring  ruin  on  his  native  land,  a 

was  probably  given  about  the  same  time  with  the  more  fatal  ruin  than  that  with  which  she  was  then 

others  contained  in  this  part  of  the  Book  of  Isaiah  ;  threatened  ;  and  that  Babylon,  in  her  turn,  would  be 

that  is,  immediately  before,  or  after,  the  fourteenth  destroyed  by  the  increasing  greatness  of  that  power, 

of  Hezekiah,  the  year  of  Sennacherib's  invasion,  which  now,  comparatively  small,  and  obscure,  was 

It  is  supposed  the  kirnr  of  Assyria  overran  these  enrolled  in  the  service  of  the  eneimes  of  Judah. 

several  clans  of  Arabians  on  his  first  march  into  He  sees  the   men  of  Kir  and   Elam,  chap.  xxii.  6 

Judfea   or  perhaps  on  his  return  from  the  Egyptian  (the    Medes  and  Persians),  among  the  soldiers  of 

expedition.  Assvria,  he   sees  their   future  greatness,   and  the 

The    operation   of  the  Spirit  of  God  upon  the  final    overthrow    of  Babylon.     He   foresees   these 

minds  of  his  prophets  may  be  supposed  to  bear  some  circumstances  in  prophetic  vision,  and  relates  them, 

analoo-y  to  the  ordinary  operations  of  the  human  as  orderly  as  an  uninspired  writer  would  have  done 

intellect.     In  the    latter  instance    the    process   of  from   association    or   recollection.      At    the    very 

recollection   is   effected,   by   one    idea  suggesting  moment  when  these  united  forces  were    in  array 

another  •  which  beino-  usual   and   common   is  de-  against  Jerusalem,  he  predicts  the   time,  when  the 

nominated  natural:    m  the  former,   future  events  Medes    and  Persians,  arrived    at  their   height    of 

are    anticipated  by  v/hat  mav  be  considered    pro-  power,  should  in  like  manner  be  leagued  against 

phetic  association ;  that  is,  on  the  occurrence  of  any  Babylon.     He  enters  into  the  midst  of  things  ;  and 

great  event,  God,  by  his  Spirit,  enables  the  prophet  describes,  in  bold  and  animated  language,  the  very 

to  foresee  a' succession  of  future  events,  which  will  banquet  at  which  the  princes  and  nobles  should  be 

succeed  the  one  which  is  immediately  present  be-  seated  when  '•  all  the  images  of  her  gods  should  be 

fore  him;  and  this  being  unusual,  and  uncommon,  broken  to  the  ground." 

can  be  attributed  only   to  divine    and  miraculous  "  Prepare    the   table,  watch  in   the   tower,     are 

influence.     The  grand  subject  of  the  prophecy  in  terms  literally  expressive  of  the  actual  security  and 

chap.  xxi.  is  the  overthrow' of  the  Babylonian  em-  revelling  of  the  sovereign  :  Belshazzar  was  eating 

pire  ;  the  destruction  of  which  appears  to  have  been  and  drinking  with  his  wives  and   concubines,  till 

as'^ociated  'in  Isaiah's  mind,  with  the    ruin   which  the  Persians  entered  his  palace,  forced  the  goblet 

hung  over  and  menaced  Jerusalem.  from  his  lips,  and  compelled  his  princes  to  "  arise, 

For  a  very  curious,  and,  not  improbably,  correct  and    anoint    the    shield,"    ver.    5.      Compare    this 

interpretation  of  ver.  11,  12,  vide   Fragments   of  prophecy    with     its    wonderful    accomplishment, 

Calmet.  Daniel  v. 

After  the  Burden  of  Jerusalem  he  recurs  to  the 


(64 


FIRST  INVASION  OF  SENNACHERIB.  [Period  VL 


k\  Ch.  1.  30.  Je. 
49.  7,  8.  Ez.  35. 
2.  Ob.  1. 


i  Or,  Bring  ye. 


*  Or,  for  fear. 
Heb.  from  the 
face. 


M.   3291 
.  C.  713. 


*  Heb.  to  break 

them  up. 
t  Heb.  his  face 

was  to  war. 


\  Heb.  ocerfiowed. 


*  Or,  swords,  or, 
weapons. 


t  Heb.  to  tlieir 
heart, 
a  De.  31.  C. 

4Je.  17.  .5.  I  Jo. 
4.  1. 
e  Ro.  8.  31. 
I  Heb.  leaned. 

*  Heb.  Sanherib. 


That  which  I  have  heard  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israe*, 
Have  I  declared  unto  you. 

^^  The  *Burden  of   Dumah. 
He  calleth  to  me  out  of  Seir, — 
"  Watchman,  what  of  the  night? 
Watchman,  what  of  the  night  ?  " 
^^  The  watchman  said, 

"The  morning  cometh,  and  also  the  night: 
If  ye  will  inquire,  inquire  ye  : 
Return,  come." 

^^  The  'Burden  upon  Arabia. 
In  the  forest  in  Arabia  shall  ye  lodge, 
O  ye  travelling  companies  of  Dedanim  ! 
^^  The  inhabitants  of  the  land  of  Tema 
tBrought  water  to  him  that  was  thirsty. 
They  prevented  with  their  bread  him  that  fled. 
^^  For  tiiey  fled  *from  the  swords. 
From  the  drawn  sword, 
And  from  the  bent  bow, 
And  from  the  grievousness  of  war. 
^^  For  thus  hath  the  Lord  said  unto  me, 

"  Within  a  year,  according  to  the  years  of  a  hireling, 
And  all  the  glory  of  Kedar  shall  fail ; 
^''  And  the  residue  of  the  number  of  tarchers  (the  mighty  men  of  tho 
children  of  Kedar),  shall  be  diminished: 
For  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  hath  spoken  it." 

Section  X. — First  Invasion  of  ScnnacTierih  ; — Hezckiah  fortijieih  himself 
and  pacifirth  him  by  paying  Tribute; — Capture  of  Ashdod ; — Isaiah's 
Prophecy  of  the  Captivity  of  Egypt  and  Ethiopia. 

2  Chron.  xxxii.  1-8. — 2  Kings  xviii.  13-16. — Isaiah  xx. 

^  After  these  things,  and  the  establishment  thereof,  Sennacherib 
king  of  Assyria  came,  and  entered  into  Judah,  and  encamped  against 
the  fenced  cities,  and  thought  *to  win  them  for  iiimself.  -  And  when 
Hezekiah  saw  that  Sennacherib  was  come,  and  that  tiie  was  purposed 
to  fight  against  Jerusalem,  "^he  took  counsel  with  his  princes  and  his 
mighty  men  to  stop  the  waters  of  the  fountains  which  were  without 
the  city  :  and  they  did  help  him.  ''  So  there  was  gathered  much  people 
together,  who  stopped  all  the  fountains,  and  the  brook  that  tran  through 
the  midst  of  the  land,  saying,  "  Why  should  the  kings  of  Assyria  come, 
and  find  much  water  ? "  ^  Also  he  strengthened  himself,  and  built  up 
all  the  wall  that  was  broken,  and  raised  it  up  to  the  towers,  and  another 
wall  without,  and  repaired  Millo  in  the  city  of  David,  and  made  *darts 
and  shields  in  abundance.  **  And  he  set  captains  of  war  over  the  people, 
and  gathered  them  together  to  him  in  the  street  of  the  gate  of  the 
city,  and  spake  fcomfortably  to  them,  saying,  "^ "  Be  "strong  and  cour- 
ageous, be  not  afraid  nor  dismayed  for  the  king  of  Assyria,  nor  for  all 
the  multitude  that  is  with  him,  for  there  be  more  with  us  than  with 
him,  *^With  him  is  'an  arm  of  flesh;  but  'with  us  is  the  Lord  our 
God  to  lielp  us,  and  to  fight  our  battles."  And  the  people  trested 
themselves  upon  the  words  of  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah. 

'3  Now  in    the   fourteenth  year  of  king   Ilr/.ckiah  did  2  Kings  .xviii. 
^Sennacherib  ki;iz  of  Assyria  come  up  against  all  the  fenced 
cities  of  Ju;lah.  axl  took  them.   ^''And  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah  sent 
to  the  king  of  Assyria  to  Lachish,  saying.  "  I  have  offended  ;  return 
from  me  :  that  which  thou  puttest  on  me  will  I  bear."     And  the  king 


Part  XIIL] 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHETIC  APPEAL  TO  JERUSALEM. 


W5 


t  Heb.  then 


of  Assyria  appointed  unto  Hezekiali  king  of  Judah  three  hundred 
talents  of  silver  and  thirty  talents  of  gold.  ^^  And  Hezekiah  gave  him 
all  the  silver  that  was  found  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  in  the 
treasures  of  the  king's  house.  ^^  At  that  time  did  Hezekiah  cut  off  the 
gold  from  the  doors  of  the  temple  of  the  Lord,  and  from  the  pillars 
which  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah  had  overlaid,  and  gave  tit  to  the  king 
of  Assyria. 

^  Li  the  year  that  Tartan  came  unto  ''"'Ashdod,  (when       Isaiah  xx. 
Sargon  the  king  of  Assyria  sent  him,)  and  fought  against 
tueh.  by  the  himd  Ashdod,  and  took  it;  -at  the  same  time  spake  the  Lord  Jby  Isaiah  the 

of  Isaiah.  \  .        '  '  •' 

son  of  Amoz,  saymg, — 

"  Go  and  loose  the  sackcloth  from  off  thy  loins,  and  put  off  thy  shoe 
from  thy  foot."  And  he  did  so,  ''walking  naked  and  barefoot.  ^And 
the  Lord  said,  "  Like  as  my  servant  Isaiah  hath  walked  naked  and 
barefoot  three  years  for  a  sign  and  wonder  upon  Egypt  and  upon  Ethi- 
opia ;  '^  so  shall  the  king  of  Assyria  lead  away  *the  Egyptians  prisoners, 
and  the  Ethiopians  captives,  young  and  old,  naked  and  barefoot,  even 

t  Heb.  nakedness,  vvitli  their  buttocks  uncovcrcd,  to  the  f  shame  of  Egypt.  ^  And  they  shall 
be  afraid  and  ashamed  of  Ethiopia  their  expectation,  and  of  Egypt  their 

tor,^countnj,}e.  glory.  '^  And  the  inhabitant  of  this  tisle  shall  say  in    that  day,  Behold, 
such  is  our  expectation,  whither  we  flee  for  help  to  be  delivered  from 

the  king  of  Assyria — and  how  shall  we  escape  ?  " 

SECT   x[       Section    XI. — Isaiah' s  prophetic  Appeal  lo  Jerusalem,  ichile   Sennacherib's 

L  Army  was  in  the  Country. 

(50)IsAiAH  xxix.,  XXX.,  ami  xxxi. 

1  God's  heavij  judgment  upon  Jerusalem.  7  Tlie.  umatiableness  of  her  enemies.  9  The  senseless- 
ness, 13  and  deep  hypocrisy  of  the  Jews.  1 8  A  promise  of  sanctif  cation  to  the  godhj.  —  Chap. 
XXX.  1  77(6  prophet  threateneth  the  people  for  their  confdence  in  Egijpt,  8  and  contempt  of  God's 
word.  18  God's  mercies  towards  his  Church.  27  God's  ivrath,  and  the  people's  joy,  in  the  de- 
struction of  Assy  i-ia  —  Chap.  xxxi.  1  The  prophet  sliowetli  the  cursed  folly  in  trusting  to  Egypt, 
and  forsaking  of  God.     6  lie  e.rhorteth  to  conversion.     8  He  showeth  the  fall  of  Assyria. 

^  *WoE  to  Ariel !  to  Ariel ! 
fThe  city  "where  David  dwelt ! 


dl  Sa. 
Mic.  1 


*  Heb.  the  cap- 
tivity of  E^rijpt. 


M.   3291. 
.  C.  713. 


*  Or,  0  .,iriel ! 
tlia.t  is,  Ihe  lion 
of  Oud.  Ez.  43. 
15,  16. 

t  Or,  Of  the  city. 

a2Sa.  5.  9. 


(•»^)  Ashdod  was  long  in  the  possession  of  the 
Philistines,  and  formed  one  of  the  five  governments 
of  that  people.  It  was  originally  assigned  by  Joshua 
to  the  tribe  of  Judah.  This  town  was  so  strongly 
fortified,  that  Psammetichus  lay  before  it  nine  and 
twenty  years,  before  he  effected  its  reduction.  It 
was  afterwards  retaken,  and  added  to  Judah  by 
Uzziah  (2  Chron.  xxvi.  6.),  and  its  conquest  was 
secured  by  Hezekiah's  defeat  of  the  Philistines,  (2 
Kings  xviii.  8.)  On  this  king's  consenting  to  pay 
tribute  to  Sennacherib  (2  Kings  xviii.  14.),  the 
latter  marched  against  Egypt,  to  punish  it  for  its 
alliance  with  Judali  ;  and,  the  better  to  open  his 
way  into  that  country,  he  sent  Tartan,  one  of  his 
generals  (2  Kings  xviii.  17.)  before  him,  to  take 
Ashdod  or  Azotus.  From  the  capture  of  this  place, 
the  prophet  Isaiah  dates  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
which  Sennacherib  carried  on  against  the  Egyp- 
tians, and  foretellri  their  captivity  and  ruin  ;  which 
was  accomplished,  according  to  the  prediction, 
within  tiie  space  of  three  years,  (ver.  3.) — Prideaux's 
Connection,  p.  31 . 

(5°)  In  the  beginning  of  chap.  xxix.  the  prophet 
is  supposed  to  describe  the  distress  and  anxiety  that 
would  exist  during  the  siege  of  Jerusalem  by  Sen- 
nacherib, and  the  miraculous  destruction  of  the 
Assyrian  army.  He  then  proceeds  to  upbraid  the 
Jews  for  their  hypocrisy,  disobedience,  and  stupid- 
ity, in  not  discerning  the  signs  of  the  times  ;  and  in 
the  two  next  chapters  condemns  the  people  and 
tlieir  king  for  relying  on  Egypt,  and  again  predicts 
the  calamities  of  that  country.  Bishop  Horsley, 
however,  asserts,  in  opposition  to  the  most  able 
commentators,  Lowth,  father  and  son,  Lightfoot, 
Wells,  Wogan,  and  Bishop  Wilson,  that  the  Jews 
VOL.   I. 


did  not  at  this  time  solicit  the  assistance  of  tlie 
Egyptians,  and  that  there  is  nothing  in  the  thirti- 
eth chapter  corresponding  with  the  times  of  Heze- 
kiah ;  he  therefore  applies  it  to  the  ruinous  conse- 
quences that  followed  the  alliance  of  the  Jews  with 
the  Egyptians,  in  the  reign  of  Nebuchadnezzar. 
He  further  remarks,  that  this  chapter  ends  with 
denunciations  of  judgment  against  the  Jews,  ac- 
companied, as  they  always  were,  with  promises  of 
their  conversion,  and  restoration  to  prosperity  ;  and 
that  it  predicts  the  final  vengeance  that  would  be 
executed  on  the  enemies  of  the  true  religion. 
Although  many  circumstances  detailed  in  this 
chapter  cannot  be  ascribed  to  Sennacherib's  inva- 
sion, it  must  be  remembered  that  the  prophets 
often  grounded  their  predictions  on  the  passing 
events  of  the  day  ;  and  that  they  were  enabled  by 
the  Spirit  of  God  to  avail  themselves  of  important 
occurrences  to  predict  the  fate  of  nations,  and  b}' 
looking,  as  it  were,  through  the  present,  to  foresee 
the  future,  and  so  to  pass  on  from  "  things  tempo- 
ral to  things  spiritual."  Bishop  Horsley's  opinion, 
therefore,  that  the.se  chapters  allude  'to  a  great 
contest  between  the  Church  of  God  and  the  ene- 
mies of  God,  may  be  undoubtedly  correct;  yet  it 
does  not  follow,  that,  because  the  prophet  wished 
to  direct  the  attention  of  the  people  to  these  subli- 
nier  subjects,  he  would  not  first  endeavour  to  make 
an  impression  on  them,  by  placing  before  them  the 
circumstances  of  the  time  in  which  they  lived  ; 
and,  by  so  doing,  gradually  prepare  their  minds  for 
the  reception  of  more  important  and  etern;:l  truths. 
In  conformity  to  the  general  opinion,  I  have  sup- 
posed that  this  prophecy  had  its  first  and  proximate 
completion  in  tlie  judgments  executed  on  Sonna- 
V 


166  ISAIAH'S  PROPHETIC  APPEAL  TO  JERUSALEM.     [Period  VL 

Add  ye  year  to  year ; 
^^.""'"^"^       Let  them  Ikill  sacrifices. 
2  Yet  I  will  distress  Ariel, 

And  there  shall  be  heaviness  and  sorrow : 

And  it  shall  be  unto  me  as  Ariel. 
^  And  I  will  camp  against  thee  round  about, 

And  will  lay  siege  against  thee  with  a  mount, 

And  I  will  raise  forts  against  thee. 
"*  And  thou  shalt  be  brought  down,  and  shalt  speak  out  of  the  ground, 

And  thy  speech  shall  be  low  out  of  the  dust. 

And  thy  voice  shall  be,  as  of  one  that  hath  a  familiar  spirit,  out  of 
the  ground, 
*^eh.perp,oT,         ^^d  thy  spccch  shall  *whisper  out  of  the  dust. 

^  Moreover  the  multitude  of  thy  strangers  shall  be  like  small  dust. 

And    the   multitude   of  the   terrible    ones    shall    be    as   chaff'  that 
passeth  away — 

Yea,  it  shall  be  at  an  instant  suddenly. 
^  Thou  shalt  be  visited  of  the  Lord  of  hosts 

With  thunder,  and  with  earthquake,  and  great  noise. 

With  storm  and  tempest. 

And  the  flame  of  devouring  fire. 
"^  And  the  multitude  of  all  the  nations  that  fight  agamst  Ariel, 

Even  all  that  fight  against  her  and  her  munition,  and  that  distress  her, 

Shall  be  as  a  dream  of  a  night  vision. 
®  It  shall  even  be 

As  when  a  hungry  man  dreameth,  and,  behold,  he  eateth ; 

But  he  awaketh,  and  his  soul  is  empty : 

Or  as  when  a  thirsty  man  dreameth,  and,  behold,  he  drinketh  ; 

But  he  awaketh,  and,  behold,  he  is  faint,  and  his  soul  hath  appetite : 

So  shall  the  multitude  of  all  the  nations  be. 

That  fight  against  Mount  Zion. 
^  Stay  yourselves,  and  wonder  ; 
t  Or,  Take  your         ^Qj-y  yg  out,  and  cry  : 

pleasure,  and  mi''  ii  i 

riot.  They  are  drunken — but  not  with  wme  ; 

They  stagger — but  not  with  strong  drink. 
6Ro.  11.8.  10  Yor  Hhe  Lord  hath  poured  out  upon  you  the  spirit  of  deep  sleep, 

And  hath  closed  your  eyes  : 
tHeb. holds:  The  prophets  and  your  trulers,  "the  seers  hath  he  covered. 

»ee  Is.  J.  2.  Je.  ',      *    .    .  r-      n   •      i 

26.8.  "  And  the  vision  ot  all  is  become  unto  you 

cisa.9. 9.  ^j,  jj^j2  words  of  a  *book  that  is  sealed, 

*Ot, letter.  .  I'll 

Which  men  deliver  to  one  that  is  learned,  saying, 

"  Read  this,  I  pray  thee  ;  " 
'^°\J%'!'i'lV.       -^"d  "h^  s^'^h'  "  I  cannot,  for  it  is  sealed :  " 

^^  And  the  book  is  delivered  to  him  that  is  not  learned,  saying, 

"  Read  this,  I  pray  thee  ; " 

And  he  saith,  "  I  am  not  learned." 
'•^  W^herefore  the  Lord  said, — 
'is^'s^'^Ma!'?''       ''  Forasmuch  'as  this  people  draw  near  me  with  their  mouth, 
6,7.'  And  with  their  lips  do  honor  me. 

But  have  removed  their  heart  far  from  me, 
/■coi.  2.22.  And  their  fear  toward  me  is  taught  by  ■''the  precept  of  men  : 

cherib  ;  and  I  have  assumed,  that  Hozekiah  applied  the  other   two,  on  Sennacherib's  first   attempt  to 

to  Egypt  for  help,  when  Sennacherib  came  up  with  attack   Jernsalcm,  when  the   prophet  foresaw  and 

a  great   army  against  tlie  fenced  cities  of  Judah,  predicted   his  treachery   and  destruction,  with  the 

and  took  several  of  them,  (2  Kings  xviii.  13.) ;  and  great  overthrow  of  his  army.     The  Assyrian,  being 

have  placed  these  chapters  here,  as  they  upbraid  at  this  time  the   most   powerful  foe   and  the  terror 

tJie  Jews  for  their  contempt  of  God's  command,  in  of  God's  people,  stands  as  the  type  of  the  irreligious 

placing   their   dependence    upon    Egypt.     I    have  faction    leagued    against  the  Church  of  Christ. — 

supposed  that  the  twenty-ninth  was  uttered,  with  Lowth  ;  Horsley,  Bib.  Crit.  vol.  ii.  p.  "271. 


Part  XIIL]  ISAIAH'S  PROPHETIC  APPEAL  TO  JERUSALEM.  767 

^Hab.  1.5.         H  Therefore,  ^behold,  tl  will  proceed  to  do  a  marvellous  work  among 
tHeb.  Twill  add.       Evcii  a  marvellous  work  and  a  wonder  ;  [this  people, 

AJe.49.7.ob.8.       p^j.  '.^j-jg  wisdom  of  their  wise  men  shall  perish, 
' ''"  '■  ''■  And  the  understanding  of  their  prudent  men  shall  be  hid  " 

15  Woe  unto  them  that  seek  deep  to  hide  their  counsel  from  the 
And  their  works  are  in  the  dark,  ^^       [Lord, 

And  they  say,  "  Who  seeth  us  ?  and  who  knoweth  us  ? 
16  Surely  your  turning  of  things  upside  down 
Shall  be  esteemed  as  the  potter's  clay  : 
iRo.9.20.  por  shall  'the  work  say  of  him  that  made  it,  "  He  made  me  not  ? 

Or  shall  the  thing  framed  say  of  him  that  framed  it   "  He  had  no 

17  Is  it  not  yet  a  very  little  while,  [understanding  ? 

And  Lebanon  shall  be  turned  into  a  fruitful  field, 
And  the  fruitful  field  shall  be  esteemed  as  a  forest  ? 
18  And  in  that  day  shall  the  deaf  hear  the  words  of  the  book 

And  the  eyes  of  the  blind  shall  see  out  of  obscurity,  and  out  ot 
X  Heb.  shall  add.   19  rpj^g  ^^eck  also  tshall  increase  their  joy  in  the  Lord,  [darkness. 

jja.2.5.  ^j^^l  ,tl^e  poor  among  men  shall  rejoice  in  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 

20  For  the  terrible  one  is  brought  to  nought,  and  the  scorner  is  consumed, 
And  all  that  watch  for  iniquity  are  cut  off: 

21  That  make  a  man  an  offender  for  a  word, 

k  Am.  5. 10,12.         ^j^j  i]ay  a  snare  for  him  that  reproveth  in  the  gate, 
jpr.98.21.  And  turn  aside  the  just  'for  a  thing  of  nought. 

™  Jos.  24. 3.  23  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord,  "who  redeemed  Abraham,  con- 

cerning the  house  of  Jacob, — 
Jacob  shall  not  now  be  ashamed,  neither  shall  his  face  now  wax  pale. 
n  Eph.2.10.       23  gut  ^heu  he  seeth  his  children,  "the  work  of  my  hands, 
In  the  midst  of  him,  they  shall  sanctify  my  name. 
And  sanctify  the  Holy  One  of  Jacob, 
And  shall  fear  the  God  of  Israel. 
*  Heb.  shall  know  04  Thcv  also  that  erred  in  spirit  *shall  come  to  understanding, 
understand,.,.         j^J^^^^^  j^^j  murmurcd  shall  learn  doctrine. 

1  Woe  to  the  rebellious  children,"  saith  the  Lord,  Chap.  xxx. 

That  take  counsel — but  not  of  me  ; 
And  that  cover  with  a  covering — but  not  of  my  Spirit, 
<,De.29. 19.  That  "they  may  add  sin  to  sin : 

2  That  walk  to  go  down  into  Egypt, 
p Nu. 27. 21. Jos.  And  'have  not  asked  at  my  mouth  ; 
7.\tita.  To  strengthen  themselves  in  the  strength  of  Pharaoh, 

And  to  trust  in  the  shadow  of  Egypt ! 
gje.37.5,7.        3  Therefore  'shall  the  strength  of  Pharaoh  be  your  shame, 
And  the  trust  in  the  shadow  of  Egypt  your  confusion. 
4  For  his  princes  were  at  Zoan, 
And  his  ambassadors  came  to  Hanes. 
r  Je.2. 36.  5  They  "weve  all  ashamed  of  a  people  that  could  not  profit  them, 

Nor  be  a  help  nor  profit. 
But  a  shame,  and  also  a  reproach, 
a  Or.  The  bur-       6  aThe  burdcn  of  the  beasts  of  the  South  ; 
"south-  Into  the  land  of  trouble  and  anguish, 

E'Jt.i£.7?  From  whence  come  the  young  and  old  lion, 

is.^.T  9  H0.8.       The  ^viper  and  fiery  flying  serpent,      ^      ^,         „ 
/d;^8.  W.  They  will  carry  their  riches  upon  the  shoulders  of  young  asses, 

And  their  treasures  upon  the  bunches  of  camels. 
To  a  people  that  shall  not  profit  them. 
<  je.  37. 7.  7  For  'the  Eo-yptians  shall  help  in  vain,  and  to  no  purpose  • 

^outoker.  Therefore  have  I  cried  tconcerning   this.  Their  strength  is  to  sit 

8  Now  go,  write  it  before  them  in  a  table,  L^  ^  • 


768  ISAIAH'S  PROPHETIC  APPEAL  TO  JERUSALEM.       [Period  VL 

And  note  it  in  a  book, 
J Heb.  theiauer         jj^^t  jj  jj^^^y  ^e  for  ttlie  time  to  come  for  ever  and  ever  : 
uDe.  32.20.  ^  That  "tliis  is  a  rebellious  people,  lying  children, 

Children  that  will  not  hear  the  law  of  the  Lord  : 
"i^ii^J]- 1^3™-  ^^  Which  "say  to  the  seers,— 

Mic.2.6;    ■  "See  not;" 

And  to  the  prophets, — 
"  Prophesy  not  unto  us  right  things, 
'°Mic°2^"/^'  Speak  "unto  us  smooth  things, 

Prophesy  deceits  ; 
^^       Get  you  out  of  the  way. 
Turn  aside  out  of  the  path, 

Cause  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  to  cease  from  before  us." 
^^  Wherefore  thus  saith  the  Holy  One  of  Israel, 
Because  ye  despise  this  word, 
•  oi, fraud.  ^j^^  {^ygf  \j^  *oppression  and  perverseness, 

And  stay  thereon  : 
^^  Therefore  this  iniquity  shall  be  to  you 
As  a  breach  ready  to  fall. 
Swelling  out  in  a  high  wall, 
Whose  breaking  cometh  suddenly,  at  an  instant. 
r^ps.2.9.  Je.i9.  14  ^nd  'lie  shall  bieak  it 
tHeb  tke bottle        As  the  breaking  of  tthe  potters'  vessel  that  is  broken  in  pieces: 

of  potters.  TT        I     II  ^ 

He  shall  not  spare  : 

So  that  there  shall  not  be  found  in  the  bursting  of  it  a  sherd 
To  take  fire  from  the  hearth, 
Or  to  take  water  withal  out  of  the  pit. 
^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God,  the  Holy  One  of  Israel ; 
In  returning  and  rest  shall  ye  be  saved  ; 
yMat.  23. 37.  jj^  quietucss  and   in   confidence   shall   be   your  strength — and  ''ye 

^^  But  ye  said,  "  No  ;  for  we  will  flee  upon  horses  ;  "  [would  not. 

Therefore  shall  ye  flee  : 
And,  "  We  will  ride  upon  the  swift ;  " 
Therefore  shall  they  that  pursue  you  be  swift. 
^^%f!'i^'3^.%Q.  ^^  One  'thousand  shall  flee  at  the  rebuke  of  one; 
J09.23. 10.  At  the  rebuke  of  five  shall  ye  flee : 

^oTbrlnchJ'^f^       '^'^'  J'*^  ^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^  bcacort  upou  the  top  of  a  mountain, 
bjiug-hs:  or,  a  '        And  as  an  ensign  on  a  hill. 

^®  And  therefore  will  the  Lord  wait,  that  he  may  be  gracious  unto  you, 
And  therefore  will  he  be  e.\alted,  that  he  may  have  mercy  upon  you  : 
For  the  Lord  is  a  God  of  judgment : 
Blessed  "are  all  they  that  wait  for  him  ! 

^^  For  the  people  shall  dwell  in  Zion  at  Jerusalem  : 
Thou  shall  weep  no  more  : 

He  will  be  very  gracious  unto  thee  at  the  voice  of  thy  cry  ; 
When  he  shall  hear  it,  he  will  answer  thee. 
-^  And  though  the  Lord  give  you 

The  Miread  of  adversity,  and  the  water  of  ^affliction, 
Or,  oppression.        Yct  shall  uot  thy  tcachcrs  be  removed  into  a  corner  any  more. 
But  thine  eyes  shall  see  thy  teachers ; 
^^  And  thine  ears  shall  hear  a  word  behind  thee,  saying, — 
This  is  the  way,  walk  ye  in  it, 
When  ve  turn  to  the  right  hond,  and  when  ye  turn  to  the  left. 
^mawfA;'""  ^-  Ye  sliail  defile  also  the  covering  of  tthy  graVen  images  of  silver, 
"'""■•  And  t!ic  ornament  of  tliy  molten  images  of  gold  : 

IHob. scatur.  TIlou  sliult  tcast  ihcm  away  as  a  menstruous  cloth; 

Thou  slialt  say  unto  it,  Get  thee  hence  ! 


mast. 


aPs.2.  12.  Pr.  16, 
20.  Je.  17.  7. 


61  Ki.22.  27.  Pa 
127.  2 


Part  XIII.] 


;  Mat.  6.  33.  1  Ti. 


►  Or,  savoury. 
Heb.  leavened. 


f  Heb.  lifted  up. 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHETIC  APPEAL  TO  JERUSALEM. 


i69 


J  Or,  and  the 
grievousness  of 

*  Heb.  heaviness. 
e  2  Thes.  2.  8. 


t  Heb.  Rock,  De 

3-2.  4. 
X  Heb.  the  glory 

of  his  voice. 


23  Then  'shall  he  give  the  rain  of  thy  seed, 
That  thou  shalt  sow  tiie  ground  withal ; 
And  bread  of  the  increase  of  the  earth, 
And  it  shall  be  fat  and  plenteous : 

In  that  day  shall  thy  cattle  feed  in  large  pastures. 

24  The  oxen  "likewise  and  the  young  asses  that  ear  the  ground 
Shall  eat  *clean  provender,  .  ,     ,     r 
Which  hath  been  winnowed  with  the  shovel  and  with  the  Ian. 

25  And  there  shall  be  upon  every  high  mountain, 
And  upon  every  thigh  hill. 

Rivers  and  streams  of  waters 

In  the  day  of  the  great  slaughter, 

When  the  towers  fall. 

26  Moreover  'the  light  of  the  moon  shall  be  as  the  light  of  the  sun, 
And  the  light  of  the  sun  shall  be  sevenfold, 

(As  the  light  of  seven  days,) 

In  the  day  that  the  Lord  bindeth  up  the  breach  of  his  people, 

And  healeth  the  stroke  of  their  wound. 

27  Behold,  the  name  of  the  Lord  cometh  from  far. 
Burning  with  his  anger,  tand  the  burden  thereof  is  *heavy  ; 
His  lips  are  full  of  indignation, 

And  his  tongue  as  a  devouring  fire  ; 

28  And  'his  breath,  as  an  overflowing  stream, 
Shall  reach  to  the  midst  of  the  neck. 

To  sift  the  nations  with  the  sieve  of  vanity :  [to  err. 

And  there  shall  be  a  bridle  in  the  jaws  of  the  people,  causing  them 

29  Ye  shall  have  a  song,  as  in  the  night  when  a  holy  solemnity  is  kept ; 
And  gladness  of  heart,  as  when  one  goeth  with  a  pipe 

To  come  into  the  mountain  of  the  Lord,  to  the  tMighty  One  ot 

30  And  the  Lord  shall  cause  this  glorious  voice  to  be  heard,      [Israel. 
And  shall  show  the  lighting  down  of  his  arm, 

With  the  indignation  of  his  anger,  and  with  the  flame  of  a  devour- 
ing fire. 
With  scattering,  and  tempest,  and  hailstones. 

31  For  through  the  voice  of  the  Lord  shall  the  Assyrian  be  beaten  down, 
Which  smote  with  a  rod. 

And  *in  every  place  where  the  grounded  staff  shall  pass, 
Which  the  Lord  shall  ilay  upon  him, 
It  shall  be  with  tabrets  and  harps  : 
And  in  battles  of  shaking  will  he  fight  twith  it. 


32 


*  Heb.  every  pass 
ing  of  the  rod 
founded. 

t  Heb.  cause  to 
rest  upon  him. 
J  Or,  against 

f]Zi.  31.  &  19.  33  For  -^Tophet  is  ordained  *of  old 

6.  &c.  "      " 

*  Heb.  from  yes- 


g  Ez.  17.  15. 


h  Da.  9.  13.  Hos. 

7.  7. 


i  Nu.  23.  19. 
t  Heb.  remove. 


Yea,  for  the  king  it  is  prepared  ; 
He  hath  made  it  deep  and  large : 
The  pile  thereof  is  fire  and  much  wood  ; 
The  breath  of  the  Lord,  like  a  stream  of  brimstone 
1  Woe  to  them  "'that  go  down  to  Egypt  for  help ; 
And  stay  on  horses, 

And  trust  in  chariots,  because  they  are  many  ; 
And  in  horsemen,  because  they  are  very  strong ; 
But  they  look  not  unto  the  Holy  One  of  Israel, 
Neither  '"seek  the  Lord  ! 
Yet  he  also  is  wise. 

And  will  bring  evil,  and  'will  not  tcall  back  his  words 
But  will  arise  against  the  house  of  the  evildoers, 
And  against  the  help  of  them  that  v.  ork  iniquity. 
'  Now  the  Egyptians  are  men,  and  not  God  ; 
And  their  horses  flesh,  and  not  spirit. 

97  ' 


doth  kindle  it. 
Isaiah  xxxi 


770 


THE  SICKNESS  AND  RESTORATION  OF  IIEZEKIAH.     [Period  VI 


t  Or,  multitude. 


*  Heb.  the  idols 

of  his  gold, 
j  1  Ki.  ]2.  30. 
k  See  2  Ki.  19.  35, 


t  Ou  for  fear  of 

the  sword. 
X  Or,  tributary. 

Heb.  for  melting, 

or,  tribute. 
*  Heb.  his  rock 

shall  pass  away 

for  fear. 
t  Or,  his  strength. 


A.  M.   3291. 
B.  C.  713. 


*  Heb.  Oice 
charge  concern- 
ing thy  house. 
2  Sa.  17.  23. 

a  Ne.  13.  ^. 

6Ge.  17.  1.  IKi. 
3.6. 

t  Heb.  with  a 
great  weeping. 

J  Or,  city. 


eSee  Jii.  n.  17, 
37,39.  Is.  7.  11, 
14. 


When  the  Lord  shall  stretch  out  his  hand, 

Both  he  that  helpeth  shall  fall,  and  he  that  is  holpen  shall  fall  down. 

And  they  all  shall  fail  together. 
*  For  thus  hath  the  Lord  spoken  unto  me, 

"  Like  as  the  lion  and  the  young  lion  roaring  on  his  prey, 

When  a  multitude  of  shepherds  is  called  forth  against  him, 

He  will  not  be  afraid  of  their  voice. 

Nor  abase  himself  for  the  Incise  of  them  : 

So  shall  the  Lord  of  hosts  come  down  to  fight  for  Mount  Zion^ 

And  for  the  hill  thereof. 
5  As  birds  flying,  so  will  the  Lord  of  hosts  defend  Jerusalem  ; 

Defending  also  he  will  deliver  it ; 

And  passing  over  he  will  preserve  it." 
^  Turn  ye  unto  him 

From  whom  the  children  of  Israel  have  deeply  revolted. 
^  For  in  that  day  every  man  shall  cast  away 

His  idols  of  silver,  and  *his  idols  of  gold, 

Which  your  own  hands  have  made  unto  you  for  •'a  sin. 
^  Then  shall  the  Assyrian  *fall  with  the  sword,  not  of  a  mighty  man ; 

And  the  sword,  not  of  a  mean  man,  shall  devour  him  ; 

But  he  shall  flee  tfrom  the  sword, 

And  his  young  men  shall  be  tdiscomfited. 
^  And  *he  shall  pass  over  to  this  stronghold  for  fear, 

And  his  princes  shall  be  afraid  of  the  ensign, 

Saith  the  Lord,  whose  fire  is  in  Zion, 

4nd  his  furnace  in  Jerusalem. 

Section  XII. —  TTie  Sickness  of  Hezrkiah  ; — His  7mrariiIous  Restoration; — 
Isaiah's  Prophecy  of  the  Reign  of  the  3Iessiah  ; — The  King  of  Babylon 
congratulates  Hezekiah  on  his  Recovery  ; — Isaiah  prophesies  the  Baby- 
lonish Captivity. 

2  Kings  xx.  1-11. — Isaiah  xx.xii.  to  xxxv.  and  xxxviii.  9-20. — 2  Chron.  xxxii.  25, 2G. — 
2  KisGs  XX.  12-19. — 2  Chron.  xxxii.  24. — Isaiah  xxxviii.  1-8,  21,  22,  and  xxxix. 

Hezekiah,  having;  received  a  me.ssas:e  of  death,  by  praijer  hath  his  life  lengthened.  'Hie  svn  gceth  ten 
degrees  backicardfor  a  sign  of  that  promise.  —  Isaiah  xxxii.  Tlie  blessings  of  Christ's  kingdom. 
9  Desolation  is  foreshmcn.  15  Restoration  is  j.romisedfo  succeed.  —  Isaiah  xxxiii.  1  God's  judg- 
tnents  against  the  enemies  of  the  Church.  13  The  privileges  of  the  godly.  — Isaiah  xxxiv.  1  The 
Judgments  whereioith  God  revengefh  his  Church.  II  The  desolation  of  her  enemies.  16  Tlie 
certainty  of  the  prophecy. — Isaiah  xxxv.  1  The  joifiil  flourishing  of  Christ's  kingdom.  3  The 
weak  are  encouraged  by  the  virtues  and  privileges  of  the  Gospel.  —  Isaiah  xxxviii.  Hezekiah's 
song  of  thanksgiving  on  his  recovery.  J  I,-  vaxelh  proud, but  hmtibles  himself  Berodach-buladan, 
king  of  Babylon,  sending  to  visit  Hezi-kiah,  because  of  the  wonder,  Iwth  notice  of  his  treasures. 
Isaiah,  understanding  thereof  forel'llelh  the  Babylonish  captivity. 

^  In  those  days  was  Hezekiah  sick  unto  death.  And  the  prophet 
Isaiah  the  son  of  Amoz  came  to  him,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Thus  saith 
the  Lord,  *Set  thy  house  in  order  ;  for  thou  shalt  die,  and  not  live." 
~  Then  he  turned  his  face  to  the  wall,  and  prayed  unto  the  Lord,  say- 
ing, ^ "  I  beseech  thee,  O  Lord  !  "remember  now  how  I  have  'walked 
before  thee  in  truth  and  with  a  perfect  heart,  and  have  done  that  which 
is  good  in  thy  sight."  And  Hezekiah  wept  fsore.  '^  And  it  came  to  pass 
afore  Isaiah  was  gone  out  into  the  middle  Icourt,  that  the  word  of  the 
Lord  came  to  him,  saying,  ^  "  Turn  again,  and  tell  Hezekiah  the  cap- 
tain of  my  people,  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  the  God  of  David  thy  father, 
I  have  heard  tliy  prayer,  I  have  seen  thy  tears ;  behold,  I  will  heal 
thee  :  on  the  tliird  day  thou  shalt  go  up  unto  the  house  of  the  Lord. 
^  And  I  will  add  unto  thy  days  fifteen  years  ;  and  I  will  deliver  thee  and 
this  city  out  of  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Assyria  ;  and  I  will  defend  this 
city  for  mine  own  sake,  and  for  my  servant  David's  sake."  "  And  Isaiah 
said,  "  Take  a  lump  of  figs."  And  they  took  and  laid  it  on  the  bile, 
and  he  recovered. 

^  And  Hezekiah  said  nnlo  Isaiali.  •'  What  'shall  be  the  sign  that  the 
Lord  will  heal  me,  and  tliat  I  shall  go  up  into  the  house  of  the  Lord 


Part  XIII.] 


lSx\IAITS  f'liOPHECY  OF  THE  MI^SSIAH. 


71 


d  See  Jos.  ]0.  12, 
14.  Eccl.  48.  2:3. 
*  Heb.  dearees. 


ePs.  45.  1,  &c. 
Je.  23.  5.  Ho.  3. 
5.  Ze.  9.  9. 


t  Heb.  heavy. 


X  Heb.  Imsly. 
*  Or,  elegantly. 


the  third  day  ? "  And  Isaiah  said,  "  This  sign  shalt  thou  have  of  the 
Lord,  that  the  Lord  will  do  the  thing  that  he  hath  spoken :  shall  the 
shadow  go  forward  ten  degrees,  or  go  back  ten  degrees  ?  "  ^''And  Hez- 
ekiah  answered,  "  It  is  a  light  thing  for  the  shadow  to  go  down  ten 
degrees  :  nay,  but  let  the  shadow  return  backward  ten  degrees."  ^^And 
Isaiah  the  prophet  cried  unto  the  Lord  :  and  ''he  brought  the  shadow 
ten  degrees  backward,  by  which  it  had  gone  down  in  the  *dial  of 
Ahaz. 

^  Behold,  ^a  King  shall  reign  in  righteousness,  (soIsaiah  xxxii. 

And  princes  shall  rule  in  judgment. 
^  And  a  man  shall  be  as  a  hiding  place  from  the  wind, 

And  a  covert  from  the  tempest ; 

As  rivers  of  water  in  a  dry  place, 

As  the  shadow  of  a  {great  rock  in  a  weary  land. 
^  And  the  eyes  of  them  that  see  shall  not  be  dim, 

And  the  ears  of  them  that  hear  shall  hearken, 
^  The  heart  also  of  the  I  rash  shall  understand  knowledge, 

And  the  tongue  of  the  stammerers  shall  be  ready  to  speak  *plainly. 
^  The  vile  person  shall  be  no  more  called  liberal, 

Nor  the  churl  said  to  be  bountiful. 
^  For  the  vile  person  will  speak  villany. 

And  his  heart  will  work  iniquity. 

To  practise  hypocrisy,  and  to  utter  error  against  the  Lord, 


(^•)  In  the  first  verse  of  this  chapter,  tliere  seems 
to  be  an  evident  allusion  to  the  recent  recovery  of 
Hezekiah.  "  This  thing  was  not  done  in  a  cor- 
ner:" and  while  the  minds  of  the  people  were 
filled  with  the  remembrance  of  this  astonishing 
miracle,  while  tliey  beheld  their  king  healed,  and 
on  the  third  day  going  up  into  the  house  of  the 
Lord  (2  Kings  xx.  5.),  at  this  moment  of  exulta- 
tion and  gratitude,  it  is  not  improbable  that  Isaiah 
would  call  upon  them  to  anticipate  a  period  when 
Israel  should  have  much  greater  cause  for  praise 
and  rejoicing.  "  Behold  a  King  shall  reign  in 
righteousness,"  rise  again  from  the  dead  on  the 
third  day,  and  enter  into  the  Holy  of  Holies,  con- 
quering death  and  sin.  On  this  supposition  I  have 
deviated  from  the  plan  of  Bishop  Lowth,  in  his 
arrangement  of  this  chapter  ;  and,  following  Light- 
foot,  have  put  togetiier,  as  one  section,  this  and  the 
three  chapters  ensuing.  The  first  eight  verses  of 
this  chapter  describe  the  happy  state  of  mankind 
when  the  Assyrian,  or  false  religion,  shall  be  de- 
stroyed ;  the  seven  following  predict  a  period  of 
wrath  and  tribulation  preceding  that  hapjjy  event, 
in  which  the  careless  daughters  of  pleasure  are 
threatened ;  and  tlip  five  last  verses  repeat  the  as- 
surance of  the  general  effusion  of  the  Holy  Spirit, 
and  the  conversion  of  the  world  to  the  true  religion. 
In  the  33d  chapter,  the  prophet  predicts  the  mirac- 
ulous destruction  of  Sennacherib's  army,  and  still 
dwells  upon  the  general  subject  of  the  final  over- 
throw of  the  irreligious  faction,  and  the  prosperity 
of  the  Church.  He  threatens  the  enemies  of  God 
with  division  and  treachery  among  themselves  ; 
and  describes  the  consternation  of  the  sinners  of 
Zion  (ver.  14.),  or  hypocritical  professors  of  the 
true  religion,  when  they  shall  see  the  judgments 
inflicted  on  the  avowed  enemies  of  the  Church; 
during  which  time  the  following  verses  declare  the 
security  and  happiness  enjoyed  by  the  servants  of 
God  ;  who  see  the  Messiah  glorified  in  the  prosper- 
ity of  his  Church,  and  behold  from  afar  the  prom- 
ised land  of  immortality,  (ver.  17.) — Bishop 
Horsley  in  loc. 

The  34th  and  35th  chapters  make  one  distinct 
prophecy,  consisting  of  two  parts  :  the  first  contain- 
ing a  denunciation  of  divine  venge;ince  against  the 
enemies  of  the  people  or  Church  ol"  God  ;  tlie  sec- 
ond describing  the  flourishing  slate  of  the  Church 
of  God,  consequent   upon  the  execution  of  those 


judgments.  All  nations  and  people  are  called  upon 
to  hear  this  prophecy.  All  nations  are  interested 
in  it.  It  denounces  the  wrath  of  God  against  the 
enemies  of  Zion  ;  among  them  Edom  and  Bozrah 
are  particularly  specified,  (ver.  5,  6.)  In  the  pre- 
ceding predictions  of  Isaiah,  the  Assyrian  has  been 
the  type  of  the  powerful  head  of  the  irreligious  fac- 
tion, but  in  this  prophecy  Idumea  and  Bozrah  rep- 
resent a  promiscuous  mass  of  people  in  the  inter- 
ests of  infidelity  and  irreligion,  which  will  remain 
to  be  extirpated  after  the  overthrow  of  the  As- 
syrian. The  general  devastation  spread  through 
Idumea  and  Bozrah  by  Nebuchadnezzar  appears  to 
be  the  event  Isaiah  predicted,  and  had  primarily  in 
view,  when  he  uttered  this  prophecy.  But  this 
destruction  and  calamity  by  no  means  corresponds, 
or  justifies  the  high-wrought  and  terrible  descrip- 
tion contained  in  this  chapter.  It  is  reasonable, 
therefore,  to  suppose  that  this  prophecy  has  a  fur- 
ther viev/,  to  events  still  future,  and  to  some  great 
revolutions  to  be  effected  in  later  times,  antecedent 
to  that  more  perfect  state  of  the  kingdom  of  God 
upon  earth,  and  serving  to  introduce  it,  which  the 
Holy  Scriptures  warrant  us  to  expect.  The  35th 
chapter  declares,  with  most  explicit  clearness,  the 
wonderful  miracles  wrought  by  our  blessed  Sa- 
viour,— 
'•  Then  the  eyes  of  the  blind  shall  be  opened. 
And  the  ears  of  the  deaf  shall  be  unstopped, 
Tlien  shall  the  lame  man  leap  as  a  hart, 
And  the  tongue  of  tb.e  dumb  sing." 
To  this  passage  our  Lord  plainly  refers,  when  he 
bids  his  disciples  report  to  John  the  things  they  had 
heard  and  seen,  (Matt.  xi.  4,  5.)  To  his  miracles 
the  strictly  literal  interpretations  of  the  prophet's 
words  direct  us  ;  their  allegorical  meaning  may 
relate  to  the  future  advent  of  Christ,  when  all  na- 
tions shall  be  healed,  when  the  blind  shall  receive 
their  sight,  and  the  lepers  be  cleansed ;  when  there 
shall  be  a  highway  called  the  way  of  holiness,  and 
"  God  shall  be  all  in  all." 

From  the  manner  in  which  the  whole  of  these 
four  chapters  are  connected  together,  by  the  allu- 
sions contained  in  them  to  that  Glorious  King,  who 
shall  "  reign  in  righteousness," — and  to  the  future 
events  of  the  latter  days,  they  are  inserted  together 
in  tliis  place. — Vide  Lightfoot ;  Bishop  Lowth  ; 
Horsley  in  loc. 


i72 


f  Or,  when  he 
speaketh  against 
the  poor  in  judg- 
ment. 

t  Or,  be  estab- 
lished. 


*  Heb.  Days 
€U)ove  a  year. 


t  Heb.  thejield<i 

of  desire. 
/Ho.  9.  6. 
X  Or,  Burning 

upon,  /fc. 


*  Or,  clifis  and 
watchUnDers. 


g  See  Ps.  104. 
30.  Joels.  28. 


t  Or,  utterly 


j  Re.  13.  10. 


I  Heb.  salvations. 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  REIGN  OF  THE  MESSIAH.     [Period  VI. 

To  make  empty  tlie  soul  of  the  hungry, 

And  he  will  cause  the  drink  of  the  thirsty  to  fail. 
'  The  instruments  also  of  the  churl  are  evil : 

He  deviseth  wicked  devices 

To  destroy  the  poor  with  lying  words, 

Even  twhen  the  needy  speaketh  right. 
^  But  the  liberal  deviseth  liberal  things  ; 

And  by  liberal  things  shall  he  tstand. 
^  Rise  up,  ye  women  that  are  at  ease  ! 

Hear  my  voice,  ye  careless  daughters ! 

Give  ear  unto  my  speech  ! 
^°  ""Many  days  and  years  shall  ye  be  troubled,  ye  careless  women ! 

For  the  vintage  shall  fail,  the  gathering  shall  not  come. 
^^  Tremble,  ye  women  that  are  at  ease  ! 

Be  troubled,  ye  careless  ones  1 

Strip  you,  and  make  you  bare,  and  gird  sackcloth  upon  your  loins  ! 
^2  They  shall  lament  for  the  teats, 

For  tthe  pleasant  fields,  for  the  fruitful  vine. 
^^  Upon  -^the  land  of  my  people  shall  come  up  thorns  and  briers  ; 

I  Yea,  upon  all  the  houses  of  joy  in  the  joyous  city: 
^^  Because  the  palaces  shall  be  forsaken  ; 

The  multitude  of  the  city  shall  be  left ; 

The  *forts  and  towers  shall  be  for  dens  for  ever, 

A  joy  of  wild  asses,  a  pasture  of  flocks  ; 
^^  Until  "'the  spirit  be  poured  upon  us  from  on  high. 

And  the  wilderness  be  a  fruitful  field. 

And  the  fruitful  field  be  counted  for  a  forest. 
^^  Then  judgment  shall  dwell  in  the  wilderness. 

And  righteousness  rem-ain  in  the  fruitful  field. 
^'  And  Hhe  work  of  righteousness  shall  be  peace; 

And  the  effect  of  righteousness  quietness  and  assurance  for  ever. 
^^  And  my  people  shall  dwell  in  a  peaceable  habitation, 

And  in  sure  dwellings,  and  in  quiet  resting  places ; 
^^  When  it  shall  hail,  coming  down  on  the  forest ; 

And  the  city  shall  be  flow  in  a  low  place. 
^^  Blessed  are  ye  that  sow  beside  all  waters. 

That  send  forth  thither  the  feet  of  the  ox  and  the  ass ! 
^  Woe  to  thee  'that  spoilest — and  thou  wast  not  spoiled  ; 

And  dealest  treacherously — and  they  dealt  not  treacher- 
ously with  thee ! 

When  •'thou  shalt  cease  to  spoil — thou  shalt  be  spoiled  ; 

And  when  thou  shalt  make  an  end  to  deal  treacherously — 

They  shall  deal  treacherously  with  thee. 
-  O  Lord,  be  gracious  unto  us ; 

We  have  waited  for  thee  : 

Be  thou  their  arm  every  morning, 

Our  salvation  also  in  the  time  of  trouble. 
^  At  the  noise  of  the  tumult  the  people  fled ; 

At  the  lifting  up  of  thyself  the  nations  were  scattered. 
^  And  your  spoil  shall  be  gathered  like  the  gathering  of  the  caterpillar 

As  the  running  to  and  fro  of  locusts  shall  he  run  upon  them. 
^  The  Lord  is  exalted, 

For  he  dwelleth  on  iiigh  : 

He  hath  filled  Zion  with  judgment  and  righteousness. 
^  And  wisdom  and  knowledge  shall  be  the  stability  of  thy  times. 

And  strength  of  tsalvation  : 

The  fear  of  the  Lord  is  his  treasure. 


Isaiah 
xxxiii, 


P^RT  XIII.]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  REIGN  OF  THE  MESSIAH. 


773 


*  Or,  messengers, 
k  2  Ki.  18.  18,  37. 
Z  Ju.  5.  6. 


i.  e.  Sennache- 
■\h.—Ed.  a  Ki. 
18.  14-17. 


•f  Or,  withered 
away. 


X  Heb.  in  right- 
eousnesses. 

*  Heb.  upright- 
nesses. 

t  Or,  deceits. 
%  Heb.  bloods. 

*  Heb.  heights, 
or,  high  places. 


t  Heb.  the  land 
of  far  distances 

nlCo.  1.20. 
I  Heb.  weigher. 

0  2  Ki.  19.  32. 

p  De.  28.  49,  50. 
Je.  5.  15. 

*  Or,  ridiculous. 


t  Heb.  broad  of 
spaces, OT,  hands 


X  Heb.  statute 
maker.  Ja.  4.  12. 

*  Or,  They  have 
forsaken  thy 
tacklings. 


'  Behold,  their  *vaUant  ones  shall  cry  without : 

The  "^ambassadors  of  peace  shall  weep  bitterly. 
s  Tiie  'highways  lie  waste, 

The  wayfaring  man  ceaseth  :  .,.,.,•.• 

"'He  hath  broken  the  covenant,  he  hath  despised  the  cities, 

He  regardeth  no  man. 
9  The  earth  mourneth  and  languisheth : 

Lebanon  is  ashamed  and  thewn  down  : 

Sharon  is  like  a  wilderness  ; 

And  Bashan  and  Carmel  shake  off  their  fruits. 
10  Now  will  I  rise,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Now  will  I  be  exalted  ; 

Now  will  I  lift  up  myself. 

11  Ye  shall  conceive  chaff,  ye  shall  bring  forth  stubble : 
Your  breath,  as  fire,  shall  devour  you. 

12  And  the  people  shall  be  as  the  burnings  of  lime : 
As  thorns  cut  up  shall  they  be  burned  in  the  fire. 

13  Hear,  ye  that  are  far  off,  what  I  have  done ! 
And,  ye  that  are  neai-,  acknowledge  my  might ! 
1-*  The  sinners  ia  Zion  are  afraid ; 

Fearfulness  hath  surprised  the  hypocrites. 

Who  among  us  shall  dwell  with  the  devouring  fire  ? 

Who  among  us  shall  dwell  with  everlasting  burnings? 

15  He  that  walketh  ^righteously,  and  speaketh    uprightly  ; 
He  that  despiseth  the  gain  of  toppressions, 
That  shaketh  his  hands  from  holding  of  bribes, 
That  stoppeth  his  ears  from  hearing  of  tblood, 
And  shuttetli  his  eyes  from  seeing  evil ; 
16  He  shall  dwell  on  *high :  ■  c        \ 

His  place  of  defence  shall  be  the  munitions  ot  rocks: 
Bread  shall  be  given  him  ; 
His  waters  shall  be  sure. 
1'  Thine  eyes  shall  see  the  king  in  his  beauty : 

They  shall  behold  tthe  land  that  is  very  far  off. 
IS  Thv  heart  shall  meditate  terror — 

Where  "is  the  scribe  i  where  is  the  treceiver? 
Where  is  he  that  counted  the  towers  ? 

19  Thou  "shalt  not  see  a  fierce  people, 

A  ^people  of  deeper  speech  than  thou  canst  perceive ; 
Of  a  ^stammering  tongue,  that  thou  canst  not  understand. 

20  Look  upon  Zion,  the  city  of  our  solemnities : 
Thine  eyes  shall  see  Jerusalem  a  quiet  habitation, 
A  tabernacle  that  shall  not  be  taken  down  ; 

Not  one  of  the  stakes  thereof  shall  ever  be  removed, 
Neither  shall  any  of  the  cords  thereof  be  broken 

21  But  there  the  glorious  Lord  will  be  unto  us 
A  place  tof  broad  rivers  and  streams ; 
Wherein  shall  go  no  galley  with  oars, 
Neither  shall  gallant  ship  pass  thereby. 

22  For  the  Lord  is  our  judge,  the  Lord  is  our  tlawgiver, 
The  Lord  is  our  king ;  he  will  save  us. 

23  *Thv  tacklings  are  loosed  ; 
They  could  not  well  strengthen  their  mast. 
They  could  not  spread  the  sail : 
Then  is  the  prey  of  a  great  spoil  divided  ; 
The  lame  take  the  prey.  ^^^ 


VOL.    I. 


774 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  PtEIGN  OF  THE  MESSIAH.     [Period  VI. 


q  Je.  50.  20. 


t  Heb.  ViefuXntss 
thereof. 


s  Ps.  102.  26.  Ez. 

32.  7,  8.  Joel  2. 

31.  &  3.  15.  .Mat. 

24.  29.  2  Pe.  3. 

10. 
t  Re.  6.  14. 

u  Re.  6.  13. 

c  Je.46.  10. 

to  Je.  49. 7,  &c. 
Mai.  1.  4. 


J  Or,  rhinoceroU. 
*  Or,  drunken. 


;  See  De.  29.  23. 


t/Re.  14.  11.  & 
18.  18.  &  19.  3. 
:  Mai.  1.  4. 


t  Or,  pelican. 
Zep.  2.  14.  Re. 
18.2. 

a2Ki.  21.  13. 

La.  2.  8. 


X  Or,  ostriches. 

Heb.  daughters 

of  the  owl. 
*  Heb.  Ziim. 
t  Heb.  Ijim. 


^^  And  the  inhabitant  shall  not  say,  I  am  sick  : 

The  'people  that  dwell  therein  shall  be  forgiven  their  iniquity. 
^  Come  near,  ye  nations,  to  hear  !  Isaiah 

And  hearken,  ye  people  ! 

Let  the  earth  hear,  and  tall  that  is  therein  ! 

The  world,  and  all  things  that  come  forth  of  it ! 
2  For  the  indignation  of  the  Loud  is  upon  all  nations, 

And  his  fury  upon  all  their  armies  : 

He  hath  utterly  destroyed  them, 

He  hath  delivered  them  to  the  slaughter. 
^  Their  slain  also  shall  be  cast  out. 

And  "^their  stink  shall  come  up  out  of  their  carcasses, 

And  the  mountains  shall  be  melted  with  their  blood. 
^  And  "all  the  host  of  heaven  shall  be  dissolved. 

And  the  heavens  shall  be  'rolled  together  as  a  scroll : 

And  all  their  host  shall  fall  down. 

As  the  leaf  falleth  off  from  the  vine, 

And  as  a  "falling  fig  from  the  fig  tree. 
^  For  "my  sword  shall  be  bathed  in  heaven : 

Behold,  it  "shall  come  down  upon  Idumea, 

And  upon  the  people  of  my  curse,  to  judgment. 
^  The  sword  of  the  Lord  is  filled  with  blood, 

It  is  made  fat  with  fatness, 

And  with  the  blood  of  lambs  and  goats, 

With  the  fat  of  the  kidneys  of  rams  : 

For  the  Lord  hath  a  sacrifice  in  Bozrah, 

And  a  great  slaughter  in  the  land  of  Idumea. 
''  And  the  tunicorns  shall  come  down  with  them, 

And  the  bullocks  with  the  bulls; 

And  their  land  shall  be  *soaked  with  blood, 

And  their  dust  made  fat  with  fatness. 
^  For  it  is  the  day  of  the  Lord's  vengeance, 

And  the  year  of  recompenccs  for  the  controversy  of  Zion. 
^  And  ""the  streams  thereof  shall  be  turned  into  pitch, 

And  the  dust  thereof  into  brimstone. 

And  the  land  thereof  shall  become  burning  pitch. 
^°  It  shall  not  be  quenched  night  nor  day  ; 

The  "smoke  thereof  shall  2,0  up  for  ever  : 

From  "generation  to  generation  it  shall  lie  waste  ; 

None  shall  pass  through  it  for  ever  and  ever. 
'^  But  the  f cormorant  and  the  bittern  shall  possess  it; 

The  owl  also  and  the  raven  shall  dwell  in  it : 

And  "he  shall  stretch  out  upon  it  the  line  of  confusion, 

And  the  stones  of  emptiness. 
^^  They  shall  call  the  nobles  thereof  to  the  kingdom, 

But  none  shall  be  there. 

And  all  her  princes  shall  be  nothing. 
^^And  'thorns  shall  come  up  in  her  palaces. 

Nettles  and  brambles  in  the  fortresses  thereof : 

And  it  shall  be  a  habitation  of  dragons, 

And  a  court  for  touis. 
'"*    The  wild  beasts  of  the  desert  shall  also  meet 

With  Ithe  wild  beasts  of  the  island, 

And  the  satyr  shall  cry  to  his  fellow  ; 

The  tscreech  owl  also  shall  rest  there, 

And  find  for  herself  a  place  of  rest. 
^^  There  shall  the  great  owl  make  her  nest,  and  lay, 


c  Mai.  3.  IG. 


d  Job  4.  3,  4. 
Heb.  12.  12. 


Part  XIIL]  HEZEKIAH'S  SONG  OF  THANKSGIVING.  TTS 

And  hatch,  and  gather  under  her  shadow  : 
There  shall  the  vultures  also  be  gathered, 
Every  one  with  her  mate. 

16  Seek  ye  out  of  'the  book  of  the  Lord,  and  read  : 
No  one  of  these  shall  fail, 

None  shall  want  her  mate :  ^  .  .    •    ,     ,        .i       j 

For  my  mouth  it  hath  commanded,  and  his  Spirit  it  hath  gathered 
I''  And  he  hath  cast  the  lot  for  them,  [them. 

And  his  hand  hath  divided  it  unto  them  by  line : 
They  shall  possess  it  for  ever,  „   ,       • 

From  creneration  to  generation  shall  they  dwell  therein. 

1  The  wilderness  and  the  solitary  place  shall  be  glad   Isaiah  xxxv. 
for  them  ; 
And  the  desert  shall  rejoice,  and  blossom  as  the  rose. 
2  It  shall  blossom  abundantly. 
And  rejoice  even  with  joy  and  singing  : 
The  glory  of  Lebanon  shall  be  given  unto  it, 
The  excellency  of  Carmel  and  Sharon, 
They  shall  see  the  glory  of  the  Lord, 
And  the  excellency  of  our  God. 
3  Strengthen  ''ye  the  weak  hands, 
And  confirm  the  feeble  knees. 
Heb.  hasty.  4  g^y  to  them  that  are  of  a  *fearful  heart, 

Be  strong,  fear  not  1 

Behold,  your  God  will  come  with  vengeance, 
Even  God  with  a  recompence  ;  ' 

He  will  come  and  save  you. 
5  Then  'the  eyes  of  the  blind  shall  be  opened, 
And  ^the  ears  of  the  deaf  shall  be  unstopped. 
.u,.,. ......  Then  shall  'the  lame  man  leap  as  a  hart, 

/Ma.7.33,&c.         ^ud  Hlic  touguc  of  the  dumb  sing  ; 
"jo^tiVAc.         For  in  the  wilderness  shall  'waters  break  out, 
iki^i't  ^'  ^'       And  streams  in  the  desert. 
.Mat:9:3a!'33.     '  Aud  the  parchcd  ground  shall  become  a  pool, 
^  ''■  '"•     „         And  the  thirsty  land  springs  of  water  : 
r  John  7. 38, 39.         ^^^  ^^^^  habitation  of  dragoiis,  where  each  lay, 
t  Or,  a  rourtfor        g^all  bc  f grass  with  reeds  and  rushes. 
reeds,  He.  ^  ^^^  ^  highway  sliall  bc  there,  and  a  way. 

And  it  shall  be  called  The  Way  of  Holiness  ; 
The  ^unclean  shall  not  pass  over  it ;  tbut  it  shall  be  for  those  : 
The  wayfaring  men,  though  fools,  shall  not  err  therein. 
■b7withthem.        9  p^Q  i-j-Qj-^  ghali  be  there, 

'job-5'-^'-  ^"         Nor  any  ravenous  beast  shall  go  up  thereon. 
It  shall  not  be  found  there  ; 
But  the  redeemed  shall  walk  there  : 
1*^  And  the  ransomed  of  the  Lord  shall  return. 
And  come  to  Zion  with  songs 
And  everlasting  joy  upon  their  heads : 
They  shall  obtain  joy  and  gladness, 
z  Re.  7. 17.  &  21.       ^j-,(j  'gorrow  and  sighing  shall  flee  away. 

9  The  Writing   of  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah,  when    Isaiah  xxxviii 

HE    HAD     BEEN    SICK,     AND     WAS    RECOVERED     OF 

I  HIS  Sickness  : 

10 1  said  in  the  cutting  ofF  of  my  days, 
I  shall  go  to  the  gates  of  the  grave  : 
I  am  deprived  of  the  residue  of  my  years. 


e  Mat.  9.  27,  &c. 
&  11.  5.  &  12. 
22.  &  20.  30, 
&c.  &21.14.  „ 

John  9.  6,  7  ° 


j  Joel  3.  17.  Re. 
21.  27. 
1  Or,  for  he  shall 


776 


ISAIAH  FORETELLS  THE  BABYLONISH  CAPTIVITY.     Period  VI. 


X  Or,  ease  i 


*  Or,  on  my  peace 
came  great  bitter- 
ness. 

t  Heb.  thou  hast 
loved  my  soul 
from  the  pit. 

n  Ps.  88.  11.  Ec. 
9.10. 


0  De.  4.  9.  &  I 

7.  Ps.  78. 3.  4 


pJe.  26.  18,  19. 
t  Heb.  the  lifting 
up. 


t  Or,  spicery. 


X  Or,  jewels.  Heb. 
vessds. 


9  2Ki.24.  13.  & 
25.  13.  Je.  27. 
21,  22.  &,  52.  17. 


^^  I  said,  I  shall  not  see  the  Lord, 

Even  the  Lord,  in  the  land  of  the  living; 

I  shall  behold  man  no  more 

With  the  inhabitants  of  the  world. 
^-  Mine  ""age  is  departed,  and  is  removed  from  me  as  a  shepherd's  tent ; 

I  have  cut  off,  like  a  weaver,  my  life  ; 

He  will  cut  me  off  f  with  pining  sickness ; 

From  day  even  to  night  wilt  thou  make  an  end  of  me. 
^^  I  reckoned  till  morning,  that,  as  a  lion, 

So  will  he  break  all  my  bones  : 

From  day  even  to  night  wilt  thou  make  an  end  of  me. 
^■^  Like  a  crane  or  a  swallow,  so  did  I  chatter  ; 

I  did  mourn  as  a  dove  ; 

Mine  eyes  fail  with  looking  upward  : 

0  Lord,  I  am  oppressed  ;  tundertake  for  me. 
^^  What  shall  I  say  ? 

He  hath  both  spoken  unto  me,  and  himself  hath  done  it : 

1  shall  go  softly  all  my  years 
In  the  bitterness  of  my  soul. 

^^  O  Lord,  by  these  things  men  live, 

And  in  all  these  things  is  the  life  of  my  spirit : 

So  wilt  thou  recover  me,  and  make  me  to  live. 
^■^  Behold,  *for  peace  I  had  great  bitterness  : 

But  tthou  hast  in  love  to  my  soul  delivered  it  from  the  pit  of  cor- 

For  thou  hast  cast  all  my  sins  behind  thy  back.  [ruption ; 

^®  For  "the  grave  cannot  praise  thee. 

Death  cannot  celebrate  thee  : 

They  that  go  down  into  the  pit  cannot  hope  for  thy  truth. 
^^  The  living,  the  living,  he  shall  praise  thee,  as  I  do  this  day  ; 

The  "father  to  the  children  shall  make  known  thy  truth, 
^°  The  Lord  was  ready  to  save  me  : 

Therefore  we  will  sing  my  songs  to  the  stringed  instruments 

All  the  days  of  our  life  in  the  house  of  the  Lord. 

^"^  But  Hezekiah  rendered  not  again  according  to  the  2  Chron.  xxxii, 
benefit   done  unto  him  ;    for  his  heart   was  lifted  up  :  ^,  26. 

therefore  there  was  wrath  upon  him,  and  upon  Judah  and  Jerusalem. 

^'^  Notwithstanding  ''Hezekiah  humbled  himself  for  Uhe  pride  of  his 
heart,  both  he  and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  so  that  the  wrath  of 
the  Lord  came  not  upon  them  in  the  days  of  Hezekiah. 

^-  At  that  time  *Berodach-baladan,  the  son  of  Baladan,  2  Kings  .x.x. 
king  of  Babylon,  sent  letters  and  a  present  unto  Hezekiah  :  12-19. 

for  he  had  heard  that  Hezekiah  had  been  sick.  ^^  And  Hezekiah  heark- 
ened unto  them,  and  showed  them  all  the  house  of  his  tprecious  things, 
the  silver,  and  the  gold,  and  the  spices,  and  the  precious  ointment, 
and  all  the  house  of  his  tarmor,  and  all  that  was  found  in  his  treasures  : 
there  was  nothing  in  his  house,  nor  in  all  his  dominion,  that  Hezekiah 
showed  them  not. 

^^Then  came  Isaiah  the  prophet  unto  king  Hezekiah,  and  said  unto 
him,  "  What  said  these  men  ?  and  from  whence  came  they  unto  thee  ?  " 
And  Hezekiah  said,  "  They  are  come  from  a  far  country,  even  from 
Babylon."  ''^And  he  said,  "What  have  they  seen  in  thy  house?" 
And  Hezekiah  answered,  "  All  tlie  tilings  that  are  in  my  house  have 
they  seen  :  there  is  nothing  among  my  treasures  that  I  have  not  showed 
them."  >**  And  Isaiah  said  unto  Hezekiah,  "  Hear  the  word  of  the 
Lord.  ^'  Behold,  the  days  come,  that  all  that  is  in  thy  house,  and  that 
which  thy  fathers  have  laid  up  in  store  unto  this  day,  'shall  be  carried 
into  Babylon:  nothing  shall  be  left,  saith  the  Lord.   ^^And  of  thy 


XIIL] 


THE  SECOND  INVASION  OF  SENNACHEitlB. 


s  1  Sa.  3.  18.  Job 
1.  21.  Pa.  39.  9. 

*  Or.  Shall  there 
not  be  peace  and 
truth,  .yc. 

t  Or,  trroiight  a 
miracle  for  him. 


*  Heb.  with  great 
weeping. 


\  Heb.  degrees 
by,  or,  with  the 


J  Or,  spicery. 

*  Or,  jewels.  Heb 
vessels,  or,  (7J- 
struments. 


sons  that  shall  issue  from  thee,  which  thou  shalt  beget,  ''shall  they  take 
away  ;  tand  they  shall  be  eiuiuchs  in  the  palace  of  the  king  of  Baby- 
lon." ^^Then  said  Hezekiah  unto  Isaiah,  "  Good  'is  the  word  of  the 
Lord  which  thou  hast  spoken."'  And  he  said,  ''  *Is  H  not  good,  if 
peace  and  truth  be  in  my  days?  " 

2  Chron.  xxxii.  24. — In  those  days  Hezekiah  was  sick  to  the  death,  and  prayed  unto 
the  Lord  ;  and  he  spake  unto  liim,  and  he  tgave  him  a  sign. 

Isaiah  xxxviii.  1-8,  21,  22. — ^  In  those   days  was  Hezekiah  sick  unto  death.     And 

Isaiah  the  prophet  the  son  of  Amoz  came  unto  him,  and  said  unto  him,  "  Thus  saith  the 

t  Heb. Oive charge  Lord,  tSet  thy  liouse  in  order  ;  for  thou  shalt  die,  and  not  live."  ^  Then  Hezekiah  turned 

TJuse^!""' "''"       '"^  ^^"^^  toward  the  wall,  and  prayed   unto  the  Lord,  ^  and  said,  <' Remember  now,  O 

Lord  !  I  beseech  thee,  how  I  have  walked  before  thee  in  truth  and  with  a  perfect  heart, 

and  have  done  that  which  is  good  in  thy  sight."  And  Hezekiah  wept  *sore. 

*  Then  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  to  Isaiah,  saying,  ^"  Go,  and  say  to  Hezekiah, 
Thus  saith  the  Lord,  the  God  of  David  thy  father,  I  have  heard  thy  prayer,  I  have 
seen  thy  tears  :  behold,  I  will  add  unto  thy  days  fifteen  years.  "^And  I  will  deliver  thee 
and  this  city  out  of  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Assyria  :  and  I  will  defend  this  city.  '  And 
this  shall  be  a  sign  unto  thee  from  the  Lord,  that  the  Lord  will  do  this  thing  that  he 
hath  spoken  ;  *  behold,  I  will  bring  again  the  shadow  of  the  degrees,  which  is  gone  down 
in  the  tsundial  of  Ahaz,  ten  degrees  backward."  So  the  sun  returned  ten  degrees,  by 
which  degrees  it  was  gone  down.  '^'  For  Isaiah  had  said,  "  Let  them  take  a  lump  of  figs, 
and  lay  it  for  a  plaster  upon  the  bile,  and  he  shall  recover."  ^^^  Hezekiah  also  had  said, 
"  What  is  the  sign  that  I  shall  go  up  to  the  house  of  the  Lord  ?  " 

Isaiah  xxxix. — '  At  that  time  Merodach-baladan,  the  son  of  Baladan,  king  of  Baby- 
lon, sent  letters  and  a  present  to  Hezekiah  ;  for  he  had  heard  that  he  had  been  sick,  and 
was  recovered.  ^And  Hezekiah  was  glad  of  them,  and  showed  them  the  house  of  his 
Ipreclous  things,  the  silver,  and  the  gold,  and  the  spices,  and  the  precious  ointment,  and 
all  the  house  of  his  *armor,  and  all  that  was  found  in  his  treasures :  there  was  nothing 
in  his  house,  nor  in  all  his  dominion,  that  Hezekiah  showed  them  not. 

3 Then  came  Isaiah  the  prophet  unto  king  Hezekiah,  and  said  unto  him,  "  What  said 
these  men  .^  and  from  whence  came  they  unto  thee.'"  And  Hezekiah  said, "  They  are 
come  from  a  far  country  unto  me,  even  from  Babylon."  ''Then  said  he,  "  What  have 
they  seen  in  thy  house.'"  And  Hezekiah  answered,  "  All  that  is  in  my  house  have 
they  seen  :  there  is  nothing  among  my  treasures  that  I  have  not  showed  them."  »  Then 
said  Isaiah  to  Hezekiah,  "  Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  ;  ^  Behold,  the  days  come, 
that  all  that  is  in  thy  house,  and  that  which  thy  fathers  have  laid  up  in  store  until  this 
day,  shall  be  carried  to  Babylon:  nothing  shall  be  left,  saith  the  Lord.  'And  of  thy 
t  Fulfilled,  Da.  1.  sons  that  shall  issue  from  thee,  which  thou  shalt  beget,  shall  they  take  away  ;  and  tthey 
^'  ^'^-  shall  be  eunuchs  in  the  palace  of  the  king  of  Babylon."  ^Then  sai^  Hezekiah  to  Isaiah, 

"  Good  is  the  word   of  the  Lord  which  thou  hast  spoken."  He  said  moreover,  "For 

there  shall  be  peace  and  truth  in  my  days." 

Section    XIII. —  The   Second  Invasion   of  Sennacherib  ; — His   Defeat; — 

Psalms  on  this  Occasion. 

A.  M.  3294.       Isaiah  xxxvi.  1. — 2  Kings  xviii.  17,  to  end,xix.  1-7. — Psalm  xliv.— 2  Kings  xix.  8-19. — 
B.  C.7i0.  Psalm  Ixxiii. — 2  Kings  xix.  20-35. — 2  Chron.  xxxii.  22,  23. — Psalms  Ixxv.,  Ixxvi. — 

2  Kings  xix.  36,37. — 2  Chron.  xxxii.  9-21. — Isaiah  xxxvi.  2,  to  the  end,  and  xxxvii. 

Rab-shakth ,  sent  by  Sennacherib,  reviletli  Hezekiah,  and  by  blasphemous  persuasion,  soliciteth  the  peo- 
ple to  revolt.  Hezekiah  mournijig  sendeth  to  Isaiah,  to  pray  for  him.  Isaiah  comforteth  him. 
Hezekiah's  Psalm.  Sennacherib  sendeth  a  blasphemous  letter  to  Hezekiah.  His  prayer. 
Asaph's  Psalm.  Isaiah's  prophecy  of  the  pride  and  destruction  of  Sennacherib,  and  the  good  of 
Zion.     An  Angel  slayeth  the  Assijrians.     Psalms  of  tlianksgiving.     Sennacherib  is  slain. 

Now  it  came  to  pass  in  the  fourteenth  year  of  king  Hezekiah,  that 
Sennacherib  king  of  Assyria  came  up  against  all  the  defenced  cities  of 
Judah  and  took  them.  ^"^  And  the  king  of  Assyria  sent  Tar-  2  Kings  xviii. 
tan  and  Rabsaris  and  Rab-shakeh  from  Lachish  to  king  l'': '"  ««'^- 
Hezekiah  with  a  *great  host  against  Jerusalem.  And  they  went  up  and 
came  to  Jerusalem.  And  when  they  were  come  up,  they  came  and 
stood  by  the  conduit  of  the  upper  pool,  which  is  in  the  highway  of 
the  fuller's  field.  ^^  And  when  they  had  called  to  the  king  tnere  came 
out  to  them  Eliakim  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  which  was  over  the  nousehold, 
and  Shebna  the  tscribe,  and  Joah  (the  son  of  Asaph)  the  recorder. 
^^  And  Rab-shakeh  said  unto  them,  "  Speak  ye  now  to  Hezekiah, 
;z  Thus  saith  the  great  king,  the  king  of  Assyria,  What  confidence  is 
*  this  wherein  thou  trustest  ?  ^"  Thou  Isayest,  (but  they  are  but  *vain 
I.  98 


SECT.  xni. 


Heb.  heavy. 


f  Or,  secretary. 

X  Or,  talkest. 

*  Heb.  word  of 
the  lips. 

t  Or,  But  couns 
and  strength  ai 
for  the  war. 

VOL. 


778 


THE  SECOND  INVASION  OF  SENNACHERIB. 


[Period  VI. 


a  Ez.  29.  6,  7. 


words),  '  tl  have  counsel  and  strength  for  the  war.'  Now  on  whom 
dost  thou  trust,  that  thou  rebellest  against  me  ?  -^  Now,  "behold., 
thou  Jtrustest  upon  the  staff  of  this  bruised  reed,  even  upon  Egypt, 
on  which  if  a  man  lean,  it  will  go  into  his  hand,  and  pierce  it :   so  is 


Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt  unto  all   that  trust  on  hi 


t  Heb.  the  water 
ef  their  fee  f! 


J  Or,  Seek  wy  fa- 
vor. Hcb.  Make 
with  me  a  hless- 
inn-,  Go.  32.  20. 
&33.  11.  Pr.  18. 
16. 

*  Or,  pit. 

iDe.8.  7,  8. 


f  Or,  deceiveth. 


c2Ki.  17.24, 
Ava. 


t  Or,  provoratio 
"■2Sa.  10.  12. 


But  if  ye  say 


unto  mc.  We  trust  in  the  Lord  our  God :  is  not  that  he,  whose  high 
places  and  whose  altars  Hezekiah  hath  taken  away,  and  hath  said  to 
Judah  and  Jerusalem,  '  Ye  shall  worship  before  this  altar  in  Jerusa- 
lem ? '  2^  Now  therefore,  I  pray  thee,  give  *pledges  to  my  lord  the 
king  of  Assyria,  and  I  will  deliver  thee  two  thousand  horses,  if  thou 
be  able  on  thy  part  to  set  riders  upon  them.  -^  How  then  wilt  thou 
turn  away  the  face  of  one  captain  of  the  least  of  my  master's  servants, 
and  put  thy  trust  on  Egypt  for  chariots  and  for  horsemen?  ^^Am  I 
now  come  up  without  the  Lord  against  this  place  to  destroy  it?  The 
Lord  said  to  me,  '  Go  up  against  this  land,  and  destroy  it.'  "  ~^  Then 
said  Eliakim  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  and  Shebna,  and  Joah,  unto  Rab- 
shakch,  "  Speak,  I  pray  thee,  to  thy  servants  in  tlie  Syrian  language, 
for  we  understand  it  ;  and  talk  not  with  us  in  the  Jews'  language  in 
the  ears  of  the  [)eople  that  are  on  the  wall."  ^"^  But  Rab-shakeh  said 
unto  them,  "  Hath  my  master  sent  me  to  thy  master,  and  to  thee,  to 
speak  these  words  ?  hath  he  not  sent  me  to  the  men  that  sit  on  the 
wall,  that  they  may  eat  their  own  dung,  and  drink  ttheir  own  piss 
with  you  ?  " 

-^  Then  Rab-shakeli  stood  and  cried  with  a  loud  voice  in  the  Jews' 
language,  and  spake,  saying,  "  Hear  the  word  of  the  great  king,  the 
king  of  Assyria  !  -^  Thus  saith  the  king,  I^et  not  Hezekiah  deceive 
you  ;  for  he  shall  not  be  able  to  deliver  you  out  of  his  hand.  ^^  Neither 
let  Hezekiah  make  you  trust  in  the  Lord,  saying.  The  Lord  will 
surely  deliver  us,  and  this  city  shall  not  be  delivered  into  the  hand  of 
the  king  of  Assyria.  ^^  Hearken  not  unto  Hezekiah  ;  for  thus  saith  the 
king  of  Assyria,  JMake  an  agreement  with  me  by  a  present,  and  come 
out  to  me,  and  then  eat  ye  every  man  of  his  own  vine,  and  every  one  of 
his  fig  tree,  and  drink  ye  every  one  the  waters  of  his  *cistern.  ^^  Until 
I  come  and  take  you  away  to  a  land  like  your  own  land,  'a  land  of 
corn  and  wine,  a  land  of  bread  and  vineyards,  a  land  of  oil  olive  and 
of  honey,  that  ye  niay  live,  and  not  die  :  and  hearken  not  unto  Hez- 
ekiah, when  he  tpersuadeth  you,  saying,  '  The  Lord  will  deliver  us.' 
^^  Hath  any  of  the  gods  of  the  nations  delivered  at  all  his  land  out  of 
the  hand  of  the  king  of  Assyria  ?  ^^  Where  are  the  gods  of  Hamath, 
and  of  Arpad  ?  where  are  the  gods  of  Sepharvaim,  Henah,  and  'Ivah  ? 
have  they  delivered  Samaria  out  of  my  hand  ?  ^^  Who  are  they  among 
all  the  gods  of  the  countries,  that  have  delivered  their  country  out  of 
my  hand,  ''that  the  Lord  should  deliver  Jerusalem  out  of  my  hand  ?  " 

^^  But  the  people  held  their  peace,  and  answered  him  not  a  word  ; 
for  the  king's  commandment  was,  saying,  ''  Answer  him  not,"  ^"  Then 
came  Eliakim  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  which  was  over  the  household,  and 
Shebna  the  scribe,  and  Joah  (the  son  of  Asaph)  the  recorder,  to  Hez- 
ekiah, 'with  their  clothes  rent,  and  told  him  the  words  of  Rab-shakeh. 
^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  king  Hezekiah  heard  it,  that  o  Kings 
he  rent  his  clothes,  and  covered  himself  with  sackcloth,  and  ^i^.  1-7. 
went  into  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^And  he  sent  Eliakim,  which  was 
over  the  household,  and  Shebna  the  scribe,  and  the  elders  of  the 
priests,  covered  with  sackcloth,  to  Tsaiah  the  prophet  the  son  of  Amoz. 
^  And  they  said  unto  him,  Thus  saith  Hezekiah,  "  This  day  is  a  day 
of  trouble,  and  of  rebuke,  and  tbiasphcmy  ;  for  the  children  are  come 
to  the  birth,  and  there  is  not  strength  to  bring  forth.  ''It  'may  be  the 
Lord  thy  God  will  hear  all  the  words  of  Rab-shakeh,  whom  the  king 
of  Assyria  his  master  hath  sent  to  reproach  the  living  God  ;  and  will 


k  Heb.  found. 


.  51.  1. 


PSALM    XLIV 


c  De.  8.  17.  Jos. 
24.  12. 


/Ps.  33.  16.  Ho. 
1.7. 


g  Ps.  34.  2.  Je. 
9.24.  Ro.  2.  17. 

ft  Ps.  60.  1,  10. 


i  Ro.  8.  36. 

*  Heb.  as  sheep 

of  meat. 
fe  De.  4.  27. 
I  Is.  52.  3,  4.  Je. 

15.  13. 
I  Heb.  without 

riches. 
m  De.  28.  37. 
7iJe.24.  9. 


9  Job  16. 


p  Da.  9.  13. 


J  Or,  goings. 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  DEFEAT  OF  SENNACHERIB.      779 

reorove  the  words  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  heard  :  wherefore 
hftup  thy  prayer  for  the  remnant  that  are  *left."  ^  So  the  servants 
of  kin<T  Hezekiah  came  to  Isaiah. 

e  And  Isaiah  said  unto  them,  "  Thus  shall  ye  say  to  your  master 
Thus  saith  the  Lokd,  Be  not  afraid  of  the  words  which  thou  hast 
heard,  with  which  the  servants  of  the  king  of  Assyria  have  blaspherned 
me.  ^Behold  !  I  will  send  ^a  blast  upon  him  and  he  shall  hear  a 
rumor,  and  shall  return  to  his^own  land ;  and  I  will  cause  him  to  fall 
by  the  sword  in  his  own  land." 

PSALM  XLIV.(52) 
The  Church  in  memor^j  of  former  favors,  7  complaineth  of  their  present  evils.     17  ProfesHng  her 
I  lie.  vnurcn,  in  j  -//^^^^^.,^y^  24  she  fervently  praijethfor  succour. 

To  the°chief  Musician  for  the  sons  of  Korah,  Maschil. 

1  We  have  heard  with  our  ears,  O  God ! 
Our  "fathers  have  told  us, 
What  work  thou  didst  in  their  days, 
In  the  times  of  old.  .  ,    .1      u     a 

2  How  Hhou  didst  drive  out  the  heathen  with  thy  hand, 
And  plantedst  them  ; 

How  thou  didst  afflict  the  people,  and  cast  them  out. 

3  For  ^they  got  not  the  land  in  possession  by  their  own  sword, 
Neither  did  their  own  arm  save  them :  ,^„o„^o 
But  thy  right  hand,  and  thine  arm,  and  the  light  of  thy  countenance. 
Because  "thou  hadst  a  favor  unto  them. 

4  Thou  art  my  king,  O  God ! 
Command  deliverances  for  Jacob. 

5  Throucrh  thee  Vill  we  push  down  our  enemies  : 

Through  thy  name  will  we  tread  them  under  that  rise  up  against  us. 

6  For  -^I  will  not  trust  in  my  bow. 
Neither  shall  my  sword  save  me. 

■^  But  thou  hast  saved  us  from  our  enemies, 

And  hast  put  them  to  shame  that  hated  us. 
8  In  ^God  we  boast  all  the  day  long. 

And  praise  thy  name  for  ever.  Selah  ! 

9  But  Hhou  hast  cast  off,  and  put  us  to  shame ; 

And  goest  not  forth  with  our  armies. 

10  Thou  makest  us  Ho  turn  back  from  the  enemy ; 
And  they  which  hate  us  spoil  for  themselves. 

11  Thou  %ast  given  us  *like  sheep  appointed  for  meat ; 
And  hast  "^scattered  us  among  the  heathen. 

12  Thou  'sellest  thy  people  tfor  nought, 
And  dost  not  increase  thy  wealth  by  their  price. 

13  Thou  "makest  us  a  reproach  to  our  neighbours, 
A  scorn  and  a  derision  to  them  that  are  round  about  us. 

14  Thou  "makest  us  a  byword  among  the  heathen, 
A  "shaking  of  the  head  among  the  people. 

15  My  confusion  is  continually  before  me. 

And  the  shame  of  my  face  hath  covered  me. 

16  For  the  voice  of  him  that  reproacheth  and  blasphemeth ; 
By  reason  of  the  enemy  and  avenger. 

I''  All  ''this  is  come  upon  us  ; 
Yet  have  we  not  forgotten  thee, 
Neither  have  we  dealt  falsely  in  thy  covenant. 
18  Our  heart  is  not  turned  back. 

Neither  have  our  tsteps  declined  from  thy  way  • 


-T^^^lm  xliv.     It  is  not  unlikely  that  Hezekiah  was  the  author  of  this  Psalm  ;  and  perhaps  soon 
after  the  blasphemous  message  of  Rab-shakeh.— Mudge. 


780  SENNACHERIB'S  SECOND  MESSAGE  TO  HEZEKIAH.     [Period  VL 

^^  Though  thou  hast  sore  broken  us  in  the  place  of  dragons, 

And  covered  us  with  the  shadow  of  death. 
^°  If  we  have  forgotten  the  name  of  our  God, 

Or  stretched  out  our  hands  to  a  strange  god  ; 
5  Je.  17. 10.         21  gi,j^ii  0^^^  God  search  this  out  ? 

For  he  knowetli  tlie  secrets  of  the  heart. 
rRo.8.36.         22  Yea,  Tor  thy  sake  are  we  killed  all  the  day  long; 
We  are  counted  as  sheep  for  the  slaughter. 
^^  Awake — why  slcepest  thou,  O  Lokd  ? 
Arise — cast  us  not  off  for  ever. 
2*  Wherefore  hidest  thou  thy  face, 

And  forgettest  our  affliction  and  our  oppression  ? 
^^  For  our  soul  is  bowed  down  to  the  dust : 
Our  belly  cleaveth  unto  the  earth. 
*Heh.aMpfor   26  ^risc  *for  our  help, 

And  redeem  us  for  thy  mercies'  sake  ! 

^  So  Rab-shakeh  returned,  and  found  the  king  of  Assyria  2KiNGsxix. 
warring  against  Libnah  ;  for  he  had  heard  that  he  was  "de-  ^^'^" 
a_seeisa.23.  parted  from  Lachish.  ^  And  "when  he  heard  say  of  Tirhakah  king 
of  Ethiopia,  "  Behold,  he  is  come  out  to  fight  against  thee  ; "  he  sent 
messengers  again  unto  Hezekiah,  saying,  ^^ "  Thus  shall  ye  speak  to 
Hezekiah  king  of  Judah,  saying.  Let  not  thy  God  in  whom  thou 
trustest  deceive  thee,  saying,  Jerusalem  shall  not  be  delivered  into 
the  hand  of  the  king  of  Assyria.  ^^  Behold,  thou  hast  heard  what  the 
kings  of  Assyria  have  done  to  all  lands,  by  destroying  them  utterly — 
and  shalt  thou  be  delivered  ?  ^-Have  the  gods  of  the  nations  delivered 
them  which  my  fathers  have  destroyed  ;  as  Gozan,  and  Haran,  and 
Rezeph,  and  the  children  of  Eden  which  were  in  Thelasar  ?  ^^  Where 
is  the  king  of  Hamath,  and  the  king  of  Arpad,  and  the  king  of  the 
city  of  Sepharvaim,  of  Hena,  and  Ivah  ?  " 

^^  And  ''Hezekiah  received  the  letter  of  the  hand  of  the  messengers, 
and  read  it ;  and  Hezekiah  went  up  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and 
spread  it  before  the  Lord.  ^^  And  Hezekiah  prayed  before  the  Lord, 
and  said,  "  O  Lord  God  of  Israel,  which  dwellest  between  the  cher- 
^V'e.'je'.io.'/o-  ubim,  'thou  art  the  God,  even  thou  alone,  of  all  the  kingdoms  of  the 
^-  earth  ;  ''thou  hast  made  heaven  and  earth.   i*^Lord,  bow  down  thine 

ear,  and  hear;  open.  Lord,  thine  eyes,  and  see  ;  and  hear  the  words 
of  Sennacherib,  which  hath  sent  him  to  reproach  the  living  God.  ^"  Of 
a  truth,  Lord,  the  kings  of  Assyria  have  destroyed  the  nations  and 

*  Heb.  ffiven.       ^j^gj^  lauds,  ^^  and  have  *cast  their  gods  into  the  fire  :  for  they  were  no 
'lo.'x^''^'^^'    gods,  but  'the  work  of  men's  hands,  wood  and  stone;  therefore  they 

have  destroyed  them.   ^^  Now  therefore,  O  Lord  our  God,  I  beseech 
/Ps.  83. 18.         ti^gg^  gjjyg  ^j^Q^j  ^,g  ^y^  ^£  jjjg  j^^j^j^  /j|^.^j  ^jj  jj^g  kingdoms  of  the  earth 

may  know  that  thou  art  the  Lord  God,  even  thou  only." 

PS.  LXXiri.  PSALM  LXXIII.(53) 

The  prophet,  prevailing  in  a  temptation,  2  slioweth  the  occasion  tliereof.  the  prosperity  of  the  wick- 
ed. 13  Tlie  icotind  ffiren  thereby,  diffidence.  15  The  victory  over  it,  kncnoledge  of  God's  pur- 
pose, in  destroTfinff  of  the  imcked,'and  sustaining  the  i-i^hteoiis. 

*  Or,  A  Psalm  «  4  n     i      '  r    «      '  i 
forU.saph.P,.                     ,    ^^  \\  Psalm  of  Asaph. 

so.titio.  J  tTruly  God  is  good  to  Israel, 

iHeb.cL«o/  Even  to  such  as  are  tof  a  clean  heart. 

*'^'"''-  ~  But  as  for  me,  my  feet  were  almost  gone  ; 

My  steps  had  well  nigh  slipped. 


b  l8.  37.  14,  &c. 


(")  Psalm  l.xxiii.     This  Psalm  is  inserted  here  on  struction  of  the   Assyrian   army  under    Sennach- 

the  authority  of  Dr.  Wells,  who  supposes  the  Asaph  erib. 

mentioned  in  the  title  to  have  been  Asaph  the  seer,  Psalm  Ixxvi.     This  is  a  song  of  triumph  on  God's 

who  lived  in  the  days  of  Hezekiah.  deliverance  of  Jerusalem    from   a  powerful    army 

Psalm  Ixxv.     This   Psalm  is  supposed   by  Trn-  which    threatened    its   destruction  ;    probably    the 

veil  to  have  been  composed  by  Asaph  on  the  de-  army  of  Sennacherib.— Green. 


Part  XIIL] 


f  ilel).  in  the 
trouble  of  other 


IIEZEKIAH  PRAYS  FOR  DELIVERANCE. 


781 


J  Heb.  zcith. 


*  Heb.  Thetj  pass 
the  thou^rhts  of 
the  heart. 

a  Ho.  7.  16. 

6  2Pe.  2.  18. 
Jude  1(3. 

cRe.  13.6. 


d  Job  21.  15.  & 
34.  9.  &  35.  3. 
Mai.  3.  14. 


t  Heb.  It  was  la- 
bor in  mine  eyes. 
fVi.  77.  13. 


g  Ps.  92.  6.  Pr. 

30.2. 


*  Heb.  I  knew  not, 
t  Heb.  7cith  thee. 


h  Ps.  32.  8.  Is. 

58.8. 


J  Heb.  rock. 

j  Ex.  34.  15.  Ja. 
4.4. 
*  He.  10.  22. 


chain 


^  For  I  was  envious  at  the  fooHsh, 

When  I  saw  the  prosperity  of  the  wicked. 
4  For  there  are  no  bands  in  their  death  ; 

But  their  strength  is  *firm. 
5  They  are  not  tin  trouble  as  other  men  ; 

Neither  are  they  plagued  tlike  other  men. 
^  Therefore  pride  compasseth  them  about  as 

Violence  covereth  them  as  a  garment. 
■^  Their  eyes  stand  out  with  fatness  : 

*They  have  more  than  heart  could  wish. 

8  They  are  corrupt,  and  "speak  wickedly  concerning  oppression  : 
They  'speak  loftily. 

9  They  set  their  mouth  'against  the  heavens, 
And  their  tongue  walketh  through  the  earth. 

10  Therefore  his  people  return  hither ; 

And  waters  of  a  full  cup  are  wrung  out  to  them. 

11  And  they  say,  "How  doth  God  know? 

And  is  there  knowledge  in  the  Most  High  ?  " 

12  Behold,  these  are  the  ungodly,  who  prosper  in  the  world  ; 
They  increase  in  riches. 

13  Verily  "I  have  cleansed  my  heart  in  vain, 

And  washed  my  hands  in  innocency. 
i-i  For  all  the  day  long  have  I  been  plagued, 

And  fchastened  every  morning. 
1^  If  I  say,  I  will  speak  thus  ; 

Behold,  I  should  ofiend  against  the  generation  of  thy  children. 
16  When  'I  thought  to  know  this, 

tit  was  too  painful  for  me  ; 
1^  Until  ^I  went  into  the  sanctuary  of  God ; 

Then  understood  I  their  end. 

18  Surely  thou  didst  set  them  in  shppery  places  : 
Thou  castedst  them  down  into  destruction. 

19  How  are  they  brought  into  desolation,  as  in  a  moment! 
They  are  utterly  consumed  with  terrors ! 

20  As  a  dream  when  one  awaketh ; 

So,  O  Lord  !  when  thou  awakest,  thou  shalt  despise  their  image. 

~i  Thus  my  heart  was  grieved, 
And  I  was  pricked  in  my  reins. 

22  So  ^foolish  was  I,  and  *ignorant ; 
I  was  as  a  beast  tbefore  thee. 

23  Nevertheless  I  am  continually  with  thee : 
Thou  hast  holden  me  by  my  right  hand. 

24  Thou  'shalt  guide  me  with  thy  counsel, 
And  afterward  receive  me  to  glory. 

25  W'hom  'have  I  in  heaven  but  thee  ? 

And  there  is  none  upon  earth  that  I  desire  besides  thee. 

26  My  flesh  and  my  heart  faileth  ; 

But  God  is  the  tstrength  of  my  heart,  and  my  portion  for  ever. 

27  For,  lo !  they  that  are  far  from  thee  shall  perish  : 
Thou  hast  destroyed  all  them  that  ^go  a  whoring  from  thee. 
28  But  it  is  good  for  me  to  'draw  near  to  God  ; 
I  have  put  my  trust  in  the  Lord  God, 
That  I  may  declare  all  thy  works. 


2  Kings  xix. 
20-35. 


20  Then  Isaiah  the  son  of  Amoz  sent  to  Hezekiah,  say- 
ing, "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  That  which 
thou  hast  prayed  to  me  against  Sennacherib  king  of  Assyria  I  have 

3  N 


7a-2 


DESTRUCTION  OF  SENNACHERIB'S  ARMY.       [Period  VI. 


*  Heb.  By  tlic 
hand  of. 


^Ucb.thetallness, 
4c. 


J  Or,  the  forest 
and  his  fruitful 
field.  la.  10.  18. 


*  Or,  fenced. 

f  Or,  Hast  thou 
not  heard  how  I 
have  made  it 
long  ago, — ind 
funned  it  of  an- 
cifnl  times  ? — 
Sliould  I  now 
bring  it  to  be 
laid  waste, — 9nd 
fenced  cities  to  be 
ruinous  heaps  1 

X  Heb.  short  of 


6Ps.  139.  l,&c. 
*  Or,  sitting. 


c  Job  41.  2.  Ez. 
29.  4.  &  38.  4. 
Am.  4.  2. 


<i)Sa.2.  34.  2Ki. 

20.  8,  9.  Is.  7. 
II,  14.LU.2.  12. 


\  Heb.  the  escap- 
ing of  the  house 
of  Judah  tltat 
remaincth. 


I  Hob.   the  escap- 
ing. 


heard.    ^^  TJiis   is  the  word  that   the  Lord   hath  spoken  concerning 
him  : — 

"  The  virgin  "the  daughter  of  Zion  Iiath  despised  thee, 

And  laughed  thee  to  scorn  ; 

The  daughter  of  Jerusalem  hath  shaken  her  head  at  thee. 
^^  Whom  hast  thou  reproached  and  blasphemed  ? 

And  against  whom  liast  thou  exalted  thy  voice, 

And  lifted  up  thine  eyes  on  high  ? 

Even  against  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 
-^  '*By  thy  messengers  thou  hast  reproached  the  Lord,  and  hast  said, 
'  With  the  multitude  of  my  chariots 
I  am  come  up  to  the  height  of  the  mountains. 
To  the  sides  of  Lebanon, 

And  will  cut  down  fthe  tall  cedar  trees  thereof. 
And  the  choice  fir  trees  thereof; 
And  I  will  enter  into  the  lodgings  of  his  borders, 
And  into  Ithe  forest  of  his  Carmel. 

^'^  I  have  digged  and  drunk  strange  waters, 
And  with  the  sole  of  my  feet 

Have  I  dried  up  all  the  rivers  of  *besieged  places.' 
^^  iHast  thou  not  heard  long  ago — how  I  have  done  it. 

And  of  ancient  times — that  I  have  formed  it  ? 

Now  have  I  brought  it  to  pass, 

That  thou  shouldest  be  to  lay  waste  fenced  cities  into  ruinous  heaps. 
^^  Therefore  their  inhabitants  were  lof  small  power, 

They  were  dismayed  and  confounded  ; 

They  were  as  the  grass  of  the  field,  and  as  the  green  herb, 

As  the  grass  on  the  house  tops. 

And  as  corn  blasted  before  it  be  grown  up. 
2^  But  'I  know  thy  *abode. 

And  thy  going  out,  and  thy  coming  in, 

And  thy  rage  against  me. 
-^  Because  thy  rage  against  me 

And  thy  tumult  is  come  up  into  mine  ears, 

Therefore  'I  will  put  my  hook  in  thy  nose. 

And  my  bridle  in  thy  lips, 

And  I  will  turn  thee  back  by  the  way  by  which  thou  earnest. 
-^  And  this  shall  be  ''a  sign  unto  thee. 

Ye  shall  eat  this  year  such  things  as  grow  of  themselves. 

And  in  the  second  year  that  which  springeth  of  the  same ; 

And  in  the  third  year  sow  ye,  and  reap,  and  plant  vineyards. 

And  eat  the  fruits  thereof. 
^^  And  tthe  remnant  that  is  escaped  of  the  house  of  Judah 

Shall  yet  again  take  root  downward, 

And  bear  fruit  upward, 
^'  For  out  of  Jerusalem  shall  go  forth  a  remnant. 

And  tthey  that  escai)e  out  of  Mount  Zion  : 

The  zeal  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  shall  do  this. 

^^  "  Therefore  thus  saith  the  J^ord  concerning  the  king  of  Assyria, 
He  shall  not  come  into  this  city,  nor  shoot  an  arrow  there,  nor  come 
before  it  with  shield,  nor  cast  a  bank  against  it.  ^'■'  By  the  way  that 
he  came,  by  the  same  shall  he  return,  and  shall  not  come  into  this  city, 
saith  tlic  Lord.  ^'For  I  will  defend  this  city,  to  save  it,  for  mine  own 
sake,  and  for  my  servant  David's  sake." 

'•^^  And  it  came  to  pass  that  night,  that  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  went 
out,  and  smote  in  the  camp  of  the  Assvrians  an  hundred  fourscore 
and  five  thousand  :  and  when  ^ihcy  arose  early  in  the  morning,  behold, 
they  were  all  dead  corpses  : 


Part  XIII.] 


*  Heb.  precious 
things. 


PSALMS  OF  THANKSGIVING  FOR  DELIVERANCE. 


i83 


-  Thus  the  Lord  saved  Hezekiah  and  the  inhabitants  2  Chron.xxxu. 
of    Jerusalem  from   the   hand   of    Sennacherib   the   king  ' '  ^^' 

of  Assyria,  and  from  the  hand  of  all  other,  and  guided  them  on  every 
side.  -^  And  many  brought  gifts  unto  the  Lord  to  Jerusalem,  and  *pres- 
ents  to  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah  :  so  that  he  was  magnified  in  the  sight 
of  all  nations  from  thenceforth. 


PSALJI  LXXV. 


t  Or,  for  Asaph. 


t  Or,  mien  T 
shall  take  a  set 
time. 


a  1  Sa.  2.  7.  Da. 

2.21. 
6  Job  21.  20.  Ps. 

60.  3.  Je.25.  15. 

Re.  14.  lO.&lli 

19. 
c  Pr.  23.  30. 
dJob21.20. 


■  Oi,  for  Asaph. 


cEx.  1.'5.  1,21. 
Ez.  39.  20.  Na. 
2.  13.  Ze.  12.  4. 


d  Na.  1.  6. 

e  Ez.  38.  20. 

/2  Ch.  20.  29,  30. 


PSALM  LXXV. 

The  prophet  praisetli  God.     2  He  promiseth  to  judge  uprighthj.     4  He  rebuketh  the  proud  by  con- 
sideration of  God's  providence.     9  He  praiseth  God,  and  promiseth  to  execute  justice. 

To  the  cliief  Musician,  *Al-tascliith,  A  Psalm  or  Song  fof  Asaph. 

1  Unto  thee,  O  God,  do  we  give  thanks, 

Unto  thee  do  we  give  thanks ; 

For  that  thy  name  is  near  thy  wondrous  works  declare. 
2  jWhen  I  shall  receive  the  congregation 

I  will  judge  uprightly. 
2  The  earth  and  all  the  inhabitants  thereof  are  dissolved  ; 

I  bear  up  the  pillars  of  it.     Selah  ! 

"^  I  said  unto  the  fools,  "  Deal  not  foolishly  ; " 

And  to  the  wicked,  "  Lift  not  up  the  horn  ; 
^  Lift  not  up  your  horn  on  high  ; 

Speak  not  with  a  stiff  neck." 
^  For  promotion  cometh  neither  from  the  east, 

Nor  from  the  west,  nor  from  the  *south. 
■^  But  God  is  the  judge  : 

He  "putteth  down  one,  and  setteth  up  another. 
^  For  'in  the  hand  of  the  Lord  there  is  a  cup, 

And  the  wine  is  red  ;  it  is  'full  of  mixture ; 

And  he  poureth  out  of  the  same  : 

But  ''the  dregs  thereof,  all  the  wicked  of  the  earth  shall  wring  them 

And  drink  them.  [out, 

^  But  I  will  declare  for  ever ; 

I  will  sing  praises  to  the  God  of  Jacob. 
1°  All  the  horns  of  the  wicked  also  will  I  cut  off; 

But  the  horns  of  the  righteous  shall  be  exalted. 

PSALM    LXXVL 

A  declaration  of  God's  majesty  in  the  Church.     11  An  exhortation  to  sei-ve  him  reverently. 
To  the  chief  Musician  on  Neginoth,  A  Psalm  or  Song  *of  Asaph. 

^  In  Judah  is  God  known : 

His  name  is  great  in  Israel. 
^  In  Salem  also  is  his  tabernacle, 

And  his  dwelling-place  in  Zion. 
^  There  "brake  he  the  arrows  of  the  bow, 

The  shield,  and  the  sword,  and  the  battle.  Selah ! 
'*  Thou  art  more  glorious  and  excellent 

Than  the  mountains  of  prey. 
^  The  ''stout-hearted  are  spoiled. 

They  have  slept  their  sleep  ; 

And  none  of  the  men  of  might  have  found  their  hands. 
^  At  'thy  rebuke,  O  God  of  Jacob ! 

Both  the  chariot  and  horse  are  cast  into  a  dead  sleep. 
'''  Thou,  even  thou,  art  to  be  feared  ; 

And  ''who  may  stand  in  thy  sight  when  once  thou  art  angry  ? 
^  Thou  Midst  cause  judgment  to  be  heard  from  heaven  ; 

The  ■''earth  feared — and  was  still, 
^  When  God  arose  to  judgment, 

To  save  all  the  mcL-k  of  t!ic  eartii.     Selah  ! 


8.  68.  29.  & 
1.7. 


*  Heb.  Ararat, 
a  Ezra  4.  2. 


"^84  DEATH  OF  SENNACHERIB— REPETITION       [Period  VI. 

^tls.^n.  p.!65.  ^°  Surely  nhe  wrath  of  man  shall  praise  Thee  : 

'^■_  The  remainder  of  wrath  shalt  Thou  restrain. 

"  Vow,  '"and  pay  unto  the  Lord  your  God : 

Let  "all  that  be  round  about  hiin  bring  presents  funto  him 
t  Heb.  to/ear.  That  ought  to  be  fcarcd. 

^-  He  shall  cut  oft' the  spirit  of  princes  : 
He  is  terrible  to  the  kings  of  the  earth. 

"^^  So  Sennacherib  king  of  Assyria  departed,  and  went  and  ?  ^'^^l 
returned,  and  dwelt  at  Nineveh.  ^~  And  it  came  to  pass,  as  ^^^'  ^^'^~" 
he  was  worshipping  in  the  house  of  Nisroch  his  god,  that  Adrammelech 
and  Sharezer  his  sons  smote  him  with  the  sword  ;  and  they  escaped  into 
the  land  of  *Armenia.  And  "Esar-haddon  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Chron.  x.Kxii.  9-21. — ^  After  this  did  Sennacherib  king  of  Assyria  send  his  servants 
to  Jerusalem,  (but  he  liimself  laid  siege  against  Lacliish,  and  all  his  *po\ver  with  him), 
unto  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah,  and  unto  all  Judah  that  were  at  Jerusalem,  saying, 
'""  Thus  saith  Sennacherib  king  of  Assyria,  Whereon  do  ye  trust,  that  ye  abide  tin  the 
siege  in  Jerusalem  ?  "  Doth  not  Hezekiah  persuade  you  to  give  over  yourselves  to  die  by 
famine  and  by  thirst,  saying,  '  The  Lord  our  God  shall  deliver  us  out  of  the  hand  of 
the  king  of  Assyria  ?  '  '"^  Hath  not  the  same  Hezekiah  taken  away  his  high  places  and 
his  altars,  and  commanded  Judah  and  Jerusalem,  saying,  '  Ye  shall  worship  before  one 
altar,  and  burn  incense  upon  it  ? '  "^  Know  ye  not  what  1  and  my  fathers  have  done  unto 
all  the  people  of  other  lands  ?  were  the  gods  of  the  nations  of  those  lands  any  ways  able 
to  deliver  their  lands  out  of  my  hand?  '*  Who  was  there  among  all  the  gods  of  those 
nations  that  my  fathers  utterly  destroyed,  that  could  deliver  his  people  out  of  my  hand, 
that  your  God  should  be  able  to  deliver  you  out  of  my  hand  ?  '^  Now  therefore  let  not 
Hezekiah  deceive  you,  nor  persuade  you  on  this  manner,  neither  yet  believe  him,  for 
no  god  of  any  nation  or  kingdom  was  able  to  deliver  his  people  out  of  my  hand,  and  out 
of  the  hand  of  my  fathers — how  much  less  shall  your  God  deliver  you  out  of  my 
hand  ?  "  '^  And  his  servants  spake  yet  more  against  the  Lord  God,  and  against  his  ser- 
vant Hezekiah.  '^  He  wrote  also  letters  to  rail  on  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  and  to  speak 
against  him,  saying,  "  As  the  gods  of  the  nations  of  other  lands  have  not  delivered  their 
people  out  of  my  hand,  so  shall  not  the  God  of  Hezekiah  deliver  his  people  out  of 
my  hand."  i'*  Then  they  cried  with  a  loud  voice  in  the  Jews'  speech  unto  the  people  of 
Jerusalem  that  were  on  the  wall,  to  affright  them,  and  to  trouble  them  ;  that  they  might 
take  the  city.  '^  And  they  spake  against  the  God  of  Jerusalem,  as  against  the  gods  of  the 
people  of  the  earth,  which  were  the  work  of  the  hands  of  man.  ^^And  for  this  cause 
Hezekiah  the  king,  and  the  prophet  Isaiah  the  son  of  Amoz,  prayed  and  cried  to  heaven. 
2'  And  the  Lord  sent  an  angel,  which  cut  off  all  tlie  mighty  men  of  valor,  and  the 
leaders  and  cai)tains  in  the  camp  of  the  king  of  Assyria.  So  he  returned  with  shame  of 
face  to  his  own  land.  And  when  he  was  come  into  the  house  of  his  god,  they  that  came 
X  Heb.  made  him    fox\\\  of  his  own  bowels  tslew  him  there  with  the  sword. 

■^'^''  I.SAI.4H  xxxvi.  2,  to  the  end,  and  xxxvii. — *  And  the  king  of  Assyria  sent  Rabshakeh 

from  Lachish  to  Jerusalem  unto  king  Hezekiah  with  a  great  army.  And  he  stood  by 
the  conduit  of  the  upper  pool  in  the  highway  of  the  fuller's  field.     ^  Then  came  Ibrth 

*  Or,  secretary.      unto  him  Eliakim,  Hilkiah's  son,  which  was  over  the  house,  and  Shebna  the  *scribe,  and 

Joah,  Asaph's  son,  the  recorder.  ''And  Rabshakeh  said  unto  them,  "  Say  yc  now  to  Hez- 
ekiah, Thus  saith  the  great  king,  the  king  of  Ass3'ria,  What  confidence  is  tliis  wherein 
t  Ueh.  a  vsord  of     thou  trustest .'  "I  say,  sayest  thou,  (but  they  are  but  tvain  words)  H  have  counsel  and 
t'n*    fl  strength  for  war ;  now  on  whom  dost  thou  trust,  that  thou  rebellest  against  me .'  '^  Lo, 

andstrenrrihare     t^ou  trustest  in  the  staff  of  this  broken  reed,  on  Egypt;  whereon  if  a  man  lean,  it  will 
for  tJie  war.  go  into  his  hand,  and  pierce  it :  so  is  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt  to  all  that  trust  in  him. 

'But  if  thou  say  to  me,  We  trust  in  the  Lord  our  God  :  is  it  not  he,  whose  high  places 
and  whose  altars  Hezekiah  hath  taken  away,  and  said  to  Judah  and  to  Jerusalem,  '  Ye 

*  Or,  hostages.       shall  worship  before  this  altar .' '  ^  Now  therefore  give  ^pledges,  I  pray  thee,  to  my  master 

the  king  of  Assyria,  and  I  will  give  thee  two  thousand  horses,  if  thou  be  able  on  thy 
part  lo  set  riders  upon  them.  »  How  then  wilt  thou  turn  away  the  face  of  one  captain  of 
the  least  of  my  master's  servants,  and  put  thy  trust  on  Egypt  for  chariots  and  for  horse- 
men.'  '"And  am  I  now  come  up  without  the  Lord  against  this  land  to  destroy  it.'  The 
Lord  said  unto  me,  '  Go  up  against  this  land,  and  destroy  it.'  " 

"  Then  said  Eliakim  and  Shebna  and  Joah  unto  Rabshakeh,  '■  Speak,  I  pray  thee,  unto 
thy  servants  in  the  Syrian  language  ;  for  we  understand  it :  and  speak  not  to  us  in  the 
Jews'  language,  in  the  ears  of  the  people  that  are  on  the  wall." 

"'But  Rabshakeh  said,  "  Hath  my  master  sent  me  to  thy  nitister  and  to  thee  to  speak 
these  words.'  hath  he  not  sent  me  to  the  men  that  sit  upon  the   wall,  that  they  may  eat 


Part  XllL] 


■f  Or,  Seek  my 
favor  by  a 
present.  Heb. 
make  vnth  me  ( 
ble^sinff. 


J  Or,  provocation,    jg  a 


*  Heb.  found. 


X  Heb.  Unds. 
*  Heb.  given. 


t  Heb.  By  the 
hand  of  thy  ser- 
vants. 

VOL.  I 


OF  THE  ACCOUNT  OF  SENNACHERIB'S  INVASION.         785 

their  own  dun<r,  and  drink  their  own  piss  with  you  ?  "  "  Then  Rabshakeh  stood,  and  cried 
with  a  loud  voice  in  the  Jews'  language,  and  said,  "  Hear  ye  the  words  of  the  great  king, 
the  kino-  of  Assyria.  '^  Thus  saith  the  king,  Let  not  Hezekiah  deceive  you ;  for  he  shall 
not  be  able  to  dehver  you.  '*  Neither  let  Hezekiah  make  you  trust  in  the  Lord,  saying, 
The  Lord  will  surely  deliver  us  :  this  city  shall  not  be  delivered  into  the  hand  ot  the 
kincr  of  Assyria.  '«  Hearken  not  to  Hezekiah:  for  thus  saith  the  king  of  Assyria,  tMake 
an  a.Tree.nent  with  me  by  a  present,  and  come  out  to  me :  and  eat  ye  every  one  of  his 
vine"  and  every  one  of  his  fig  tree,  and  drink  ye  everyone  the  waters  of  his  own  cistern; 
17  until  I  come  and  take  you  away  to  a  land  like  your  own  land,  a  land  of  corn  and  wine, 
a  land  of  bread  and  vineyards.  '«  Beware  lest  Hezekiah  persuade  you,  saying,  The  Lord 
will  deliver  us.  Hath  any  of  the  gods  of  the  nations  delivered  his  land  out  cf  the  hand  of 
the  kino-  of  Assyria.?  i"  Where  are  the  gods  of  Hamath  and  Arphad  .'  where  are  the  gods 
of  Sepharvaim.?  and  have  they  delivered  Samaria  out  of  my  hand?  '^o  Who  are  they 
amon.v  all  the  gods  of  these  lands,  that  have  delivered  their  land  out  of  my  hand,  that 
the  Lord  should  deliver  Jerusalem  out  of  my  hand  .'  "  ^i  But  they  held  their  peace,  and 
answered  liim  not  a  word  :  for  the  king's  commandment  was,  saying,  "  Answer  him  not. 

22  Then  came  Eliakim,  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  that  was  over  the  household,  and  Shebna 
the  scribe,  and  Joah,  the  son  of  Asaph,  the  recorder,  to  Hezekiah  with  their  clothes  rent, 
and  told  him  the  words  of  Rabshakeh.  '  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  king  Heze-  Isaiah 
kiah  heard  it,  that  he  rent  his  clothes,  and  covered  himself  with  sackcloth,  and  xxxvu. 
went  into  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^  And  he  sent  Eliakim,  who  was  over  the  household 
and  Shebna  the  scribe,  and  the  elders  of  the  priests  covered  with  sackcloth,  unto  Isaiah 
the  prophet  the  son  of  Amoz.  '  And  they  said  unto  him,  "  Thus  saith  Hezekiah,  This  day 
day  of  trouble,  and  of  rebuke,  and  of  jblasphemy :  for  the  children  are  come  to  the 
birth,  and  there  is  not  strength  to  bring  forth.  *  It  may  be  the  Lord  thy  God  will  hear 
the  words  of  Rabshakeh,  whom  the  king  of  Assyria  his  master  hath  sent  to  reproach  the 
livincr  God,  and  will  reprove  the  words  which  the  Lord  thy  God  hath  heard;  wherefore 
lift  up  thy  prayer  for  the  remnant  that  is  *left."  ^  So  the  servants  of  king  Hezekiah  came 
to  Isaiah,  .       ,     , 

«  And  Isaiah  said  unto  them, "  Thus  shall  ye  say  unto  your  master,  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Be  not  afraid  of  the  words  that  thou  hast  heard,  wherewith  the  servants  of  the  king  of 
Assyria  have  blasphemed  me.  ^  Behold,  I  will  tsend  a  blast  upon  him,  and  he  shall 
hear   a   rumor,  and  return  to  his  own  land  ;  and  I  will  cause  him  to  fall  by  the  sword  in 

his  own  land."  .  •     .   r  -i,     i.     f 

8  So  Rabshakeh  returned,  and  found  the  king  of  Assyria  warring  against  Libnah :  for 
he  had  heard  that  he  was  departed  from  Lachish.  "And  he  heard  say  concerning  Tirha- 
kah  kin<r  of  Ethiopia,  "  He  is  come  forth  to  make  war  with  thee."  And  when  he  heard  it 
he  sent  messengers  to  Hezekiah,  saying,  i«"Thus  shall  ye  speak  to  Hezekiah  king  of 
Judah,  saying.  Let  not  thy  God,  in  whom  thou  trustest,  deceive  thee,  saying  Jerusalem 
shall  not  be  given  into  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Assyria.  "  Behold,  thou  hast  heard  what 
the  kings  of  Assyria  have  done  to  all  lands  by  destroying  them  utterly  ;  and  shalt  thou 
be  delivered  '  '^  Have  the  gods  of  the  nations  delivered  them  which  my  fathers  have  de- 
stroyed, as  Gozan,  and  Haran,  and  Rezeph,  and  the  children  of  Eden  which  were  in 
Telassar.?  ^^  Where  is  the  king  of  Hamath,  and  the  king  of  Arphad,  and  the  king  ot 
the  city  of  Sepharvaim,  Hena,  and  Ivah?  "  ,         j  -^ 

u  And  Hezekiah  received  the  letter  from  the  hand  of  the  messengers,  and  read  it : 
and  Hezekiah  went  up  unto  tlie  house  of  the  Lord,  and  spread  it  before  the  Lord 
y^  And  Hezekiah  prayed  unto  the  Lord,  saying,  ■«"  O  Lord  of  hosts,  God  ot  Israel,  that 
dwellest  between  the  cherubim,  thou  art  the  God,  even  thou  alone,  of  all  the  kingdoms 
of  the  earth:  thou  hast  made  heaven  and  earth.  'Hncline  thine  ear,  O  Lord  !  and  hear ; 
open  thine  eyes,  O  Lord  !  and  see:  and  hear  all  the  words  of  Sennacherib,  which  hath 
sent  to  reproach  the  hving  God.  >«  Of  a  truth.  Lord,  the  kings  of  Assyria  have  laid 
waste  all  the  tnations,  and  their  countries,  '"and  have  *cast  their  gods  into  the  fire  :  for 
they  were  no  gods,  but  the  work  of  men's  hands,  wood  and  stone :  theTefore  they  have 
destroyed  them.  ^oNow  therefore,  O  Lord  our  God  !  save  us  from  his  hand,  that  all  the 
kinodoms  of  the  earth  may  know  that  thou  art  the  Lord,  even  thou  only 

2i'Tlien  Isaiah  the  son  of  Amoz  sent  unto  Hezekiah,  saying,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God 
of  Israel,  Whereas  thou  hast  prayed  to  me  against  Sennacherib  king  of  Assyria  :      this 
is  the  word  which  the  Lord  hath  spoken  concerning  him  :— 
"  The  virgin,  the  daughter  of  Zion,  hath  despised  thee, 

And  laughed  thee  to  scorn  ; 

The  daughter  of  Jerusalem  hath  shaken  her  head  at  thee. 
23  Whom  hast  thou  reproached  and  blasphemed  .' 

And  against  whom  hast  thou  exalted  thy  voice. 

And  lifted  up  thine  eyes  on  high  ? 

Even  against  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 
2*  tBy  thy  servants  hast  thou  reproached  the  Lord,  and  hast  said, 

'  By  the  multitude  of  my  chariots  am  I  come  up  to  the  height  of  the  mountains, 

99  '^^* 


786  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  COMFORT  TO  THE  PEOPLE  OF  GOD.     [Perfod  VL 


tUch.ThetaUnesa 
of  the  cedars 
tlicreuf,  and  (Ae 
duiice  of  the  fir 
irees  thereof. 

*  Or,  and  his 
fnutful  field. 

t  Or,  fenced  and 
cl,:seJ. 

$  Or,  Ha.H  tliou 
nut  heard  how  I 
hiiBC  made  it  lona- 
a:fo, — .^ndformed 
it  of  ancient 
timci  ? — Should  I 
nuw  bring  it  to 
be  laid  waste, — 
jJrtd  dffenced 
cities  to  be  ruin- 
ous heaps ? 

*  Uel).  short  of 
hand. 

t  Or,  sitting. 


J  Heb.  the  escap- 
ing of  the  house 
of  Judah  thai 
remainetli. 


*  Heb.  the  escap- 


t  Heb.  shield. 


X  Heb.  .Ararat. 


SECT.   XIV. 

A.  M.  3294  to 

3305. 

B.  C.  710  to 


To  the  sides  of  Lebanon  > 
And  I  will  cut  down 
tThe  tall  cedars  thereof, 
And  the  choice  fir  trees  thereof : 
And  I  will  enter  into  the  height  of  his  border, 
And  the  forest  *of  his  Carmel. 
^  I  have  digged,  and  drunk  water ; 

And  with  the  sole  of  my  feet  have  I  dried  up  all  the  rivers  of  the  tbesiege^  places.' 
^^  JHast  thou  not  heard  long  ago  how  I  have  done  it ; 
And  of  ancient  times  that  I  liave  formed  it ' 
Now  have  I  brought  it  to  pass. 

That  thou  shouldcst  be  to  lay  waste  defenced  cities  into  ruinous  heaps, 
''^  Therefore  their  inhabitants  were  *of  small  power, 
They  were  dismayed  and  confounded ; 
They  were  as  the  grass  of  the  field,  and  as  the  green  herb, 
As  the  grass  on  the  house  tops. 
And  as  corn  blasted  before  it  be  grown  up. 
"'^  But  I  know  thy  tabode. 

And  thy  going  out,  and  thy  coming  in, 
And  thy  rage  against  me. 
^  Because  thy  rage  against  me. 

And  thy  tumult,  is  come  up  into  mine  ears. 
Therefore  will  I  put  my  hook  in  thy  nose. 
And  my  bridle  in  thy  lips, 

And  I  will  turn  thee  back  by  the  way  by  which  thou  camest. 
^"And  this  shall  be  a  sign  unto  thee. 

Ye  shall  eat  this  year  such  as  groweth  of  itself; 
And  the  second  year  that  which  springeth  of  the  same  : 
And  in  the  third  year  sow  ye,  and  reap, 
And  plant  vineyards,  and  eat  the  fruit  thereof. 
^'  And  tthe  remnant  that  is  escaped  of  the  house  of  Judah 
Shall  again  take  root  downward. 
And  bear  fruit  upward  : 
^'  For  out  of  Jerusalem  shall  go  forth  a  remnant, 
And  *they  that  escape  out  of  Mount  Zion  : 
The  zeal  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  shall  do  this. 

33  i(  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  concerning  the  king  of  Assyria,  He  shall  not  come 
into  this  city,  nor  shoot  an  arrow  there,  nor  come  before  it  with  tshields,  nor  cast  a  bank 
against  it.  ^  By  the  way  that  he  came,  by  the  same  shall  he  return,  and  shall  not  come  into 
this  city,  saith  the  Lord.  •'^For  I  will  defend  this  city  to  save  it  for  mine  own  sake,  and 
for  my  servant  David's  sake." 

^  Then  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  went  fortii,  and  smote  in  the  camp  of  the  Assyrians  an 
hundred  and  fourscore  and  five  thousand ;  and  when  athey  arose  early  in  the  morning, 
behold,  they  were  all  dead  corpses ! 

3'  So  Sennacherib  king  of  Assyria  departed,  and  went  and  returned,  and  dwelt  at 
Nineveh.  ^^And  it  came  to  pass,  as  he  was  worshipping  in  the  house  of  Nisroch  his  god, 
that  Adrammelech  and  Sharezer  his  sons  smote  him  with  the  sword  ;  and  they  escaped 
into  the  land  of  tArmenia :  and  Esar-haddon  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

Section  XIV. — Isaiah  prophesies  Comfort  to   the   People  of  God,  and  the 
Final  Restoration  of  the  Jews.'-^*^ 
Isaiah  xl.  and  xli. 
The  promulgation  of  the  Gospel.     3  Tlie  preaching  of  Mm  Baptist.     9  Hie  preaching  of  the  apos- 
tles.    12  The  prophet  by  the  omnipotennj  of  God,  18  aiu)  his  incomparableness ,  26  comfortelh  the 
jieople.  —  Chap.  xli.  1  God  expostidatetli  icith  his  people,  about  his  7nercies  to  the  Church,  10 
about  his  promises,  21  a7ul  about  the  vamtij  of  idols. 


^  Comfort  ye,  comfort  ye  my  people ! 
Saith  your  God. 


(=*)  The  prophecies  of  Isaiah,  that  follow  this 
chapter,  were,  in  all  probability,  delivered  in  the 
latter  years  of  Hezekiah's  reign. 

The  miraculous  cure  of  this  king,  and  the  de- 
struction of  the  host  of  Sennacherib,  must  naturally 
have  rivetted  the  attention  of  the  Jews  to  the 
prophet.  Those  people  who  had  witnessed  the 
wonderful  accomplisliiDont  ofliis  prediction  against 
the  Assyrian  army,  as  well  as  those  against  the  sur- 
rounding nations,  must  have  had  "(if  any  thing 
earthly  could  have  given  it  to  them)  implicit  faitli 


in  the  eventual  completion  of  that  grand  series  of 
prophecies  which  was  now  delivered  to  them  by 
Isaiah,  and  which  constitute  the  most  elegant,  and 
perhaps  the  most  sublime  part  of  tlie  Old  Testa- 
ment. They  may  be  divided,  according  to  the  plan 
of  Vitringa  and  Bishop  Toinline,  into  sections. 
The  chief  subject  is  the  restoration  of  the  Church. 
This  is  i)ursued  with  the  greatest  regularity ;  con- 
taining the  deliverance  of  the  Jews  from  captivity 
— the  vanity  and  destruction  of  idols — the  vindica- 
tion of  the  divine  power  and  truth— consolations 


Part  XIII.]         ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  COMFORT  TO  THE  PEOPLE  OF  GOD.      787 


*  Heb.  to  the 
heart. 
t  Or,  appointed 


a  Mat.  3.  3.  Ma 
1.  3.  Lu.  3.4. 
Jo.  1.  S3. 

■J  Mai.  3.  1. 

c  Ps.  68.  -1.  Is. 


4y. 


I  Or,  a  straight 

place. 
*  Or,  a  plain 

place. 


2  Speak  ye  ^comfortably  to  Jerusalem,  and  cry  unto  her, 
That  her  twarfare  is  accomplished, 
That  her  iniquity  is  pardoned  ; 
For  she  hath  received  of  the  Lord's  hand 
Double  for  all  her  sins. 
^  The  "voice  of  him  that  crieth  in  the  wilderness, 
Prepare  ''ye  the  way  of  the  liORD  ! 
Make  'straight  in  the  desert  a  highway  for  our  God  1 
^  Every  valley  shall  be  exalted, 
And  every  mountain  and  hill  shall  be  made  low  ; 
And  the  crooked  shall  be  made  ^straight, 
And  the  rough  places  *plain  ; 
^  And  the  glory  of  the  Lord  shall  be  revealed. 


and  invitations  to  the  Jews — denunciations  against 
them  for  their  infidelity  and  impiety — their  rejec- 
tion, and  the  calling  of  the  Gentiles — the  happiness 
of  the  righteous,  and  the  final  destruction  of  the 
wicked.  But,  as  the  subject  of  this  very  beautiful 
series  of  prophecies  is  chiefly  of  the  consolatory 
kind,  they  are  introduced  with  a  promise  of  the  re- 
storation of  the  kingdom,  and  the  return  from  the 
Babylonian  captivity,  through  the  merciful  interpo- 
sition of  God.  At  the  same  time,  this  redemption 
from  Babylon  is  used  as  an  image  to  shadow 
out  a  redemption  of  an  infinitely  higher  and  more 
important  nature.  The  prophet  connects  these  two 
<^vents  together,  scarcely  ever  treating  of  the  for- 
mer without  throwing  in  some  intimations  of  the 
latter ;  and  sometimes  he  is  so  fully  possessed  with 
the  glories  of  the  future  more  glorious  kingdom  of 
the  Messiah,  that  he  seems  to  leave  the  immediate 
subject  of  his  commission  almost  out  of  the  ques- 
tion. This  series  of  prophecies  consists  of  twelve 
prophetic  poems  or  discourses  : — 

Discourse  1.  (ch.  xl.  xli.)  contains  a  promise  of 
comfort  to  the  people  of  God,  interspersed  with 
declarations  of  the  omnipotence  and  om- 
niscience of  Jehovah,  and  a  prediction  of  the 
restoration  of  the  Jews  from  the  Babylonian 
captivity  by  Cyrus. 

Discourse  2.  The  advent  of  the  Messiah,  and 
the  character  and  blessings  of  his  kingdom,  are 
foretold  (xlii.  1-17.)  ;  for  rejecting  which  the 
infidelity  and  blindness  of  the  Jews  are  re- 
proved (18-25.)  A  remnant  of  them,  however, 
it  is  promised,  shall  be  preserved,  and  ulti- 
mately restored  to  their  own  land  (xliii.  1-13.) 
The  taking  of  Babylon  by  Cyrus,  and  the  res- 
toration of  the  Jews,  arc  also  foretold,  as  also, 
perhaps,  their  return  after  the  Roman  disper- 
sion (14-20.)  ;  and  they  are  admonished  to  re- 
pent of  those  sins  which  would  otherwise  bring 
the  severest  judgments  of  God  upon  them, 
(22-28.) 

Discourse  3.  contains  promises  of  redemption, 
and  of  the  effusion  of  the  Holy  Spirit,  inter- 
mingled with  a  beautiful  and  forcible  exposure 
of  the  folly  of  idolatry  (xliv.  1-20.)  Thence, 
the  prophet  announces  by  name  their  future 
deliverer,  Cyrus  (21-28.  xlv.  1-5.) ;  and,  ac- 
cording to  his  usual  manner,  he  makes  a  transi- 
tion to  the  greater  work  of  God  in  the  conver- 
sion of  the  Gentiles  to  the  Gospel,  and  the  ul- 
timate triumph  of  the  latter  over  antichrist, 
(6-25.) 

Discourse  4.  foretells  the  carrying  away  of  the 
idols  of  Babylon  (xlvi.  1-5.)  ;  the  folly  of  wor- 
shipping them  is  then  strikingly  contrasted 
with  the  attributes  and  perfections  of  Jehovah 
(6-13)  ;  and  the  destruction  of  Babylon  is  fur- 
ther denounced  (xlvii.) 
Discourse  5.  contains  an  earnest  reproof  of  the 
Jews  for  their  obstinate  attachment  to  idolatry, 


which  would  infallibly  involve  them  in  the  se- 
verest calamities  (xlviii.  1-19,  21,  22.) ;  and 
foretells  their  deliverance  from  the  Babylonian 
captivity  (20.) 

Discourse  G.  introduces  the  Messiah  in  person, 
declaring  the  full  extent  of  his  commission, 
foretelling  the  unbelief  and  rejection  of  the 
Jews,  the  triumphant  state  of  the  Church,  and 
particularly  of  the  Jews  on  their  conversion  to 
the  Gospel,  (xlix.) 

Discourse  7.  predicts  the  rejection  of  the  Jews 
for  their  not  acknowledging  Jesus  Christ,  (1. 1- 
3.)  whose  suiferings  and  exaltation  are  foretold, 
(4-11.)  Still  keeping  the  Great  Deliverer  in 
view,  the  prophet  exhorts  the  faithful  Jews  to 
trust  in  him,  and  foretells  their  future  restora- 
tion after  the  Babylonian  captivity  and  the 
Roman  dispersion,  as  also  their  conversion  to 
Christianity,  (li.  lii.  1-12.) 

Discourse  8.  predicts  the  person,  offices,  hu- 
miliation, sufferings,  and  exaltation  of  Christ, 
the  end  of  his  death,  and  the  blessings  result- 
ing to  mankind  from  that  event,  (lii.  13-15.  liii.) 

Discourse  9.  foretells  the  increase  of  the  Church 
by  the  conversion  of  the  Jews  and  Gentiles, 
and  its  triumphant  state  in  general,  (liv.) 

Discourse  10.  describes  the  fulness,  freeness, 
excellence,  and  everlasting  nature  of  the  bless- 
ings of  the  Gospel,  and  the  conditions  on 
which  they  are  to  be  attained,  without  respect 
to  persons  or  nations,  (Iv.  Ivi.  1-8.) 

Discourse  11.  contains  a  prophecy  of  the  calam- 
ities that  would  befall  the  inhabitants  of 
Judeea,  in  consequence  of  the  sins  which  they 
would  commit  after  the  death  of  Hezekiah. 
particularly  their  idolatry  and  hypocrisy  ;  by 
the  captivity  of  Manasseh  and  some  others,  and 
afterwards  of  the  whole  nation,  first  by  the 
Babylonians,  and  subsequently  by  the  Romans, 
(Ivi.  9-12.1vii.— lix.  14.) 

Discourse  12.  chiefly  predicts  the  general  con- 
version of  the  Jews  to  the  Gospel,  the  coming 
in  of  the  fulness  of  the  Gentiles,  and  the  de- 
struction of  antichrist ;  also  the  restoration  of 
the  Jews,  and  the  happy  state  of  the  Christian 
Church,  (lix.  15-22.  Ix.— Ixvi.)  In  ch.  Ixi.  1- 
9.  the  Messiah  is  introduced  describing  his 
character  and  office,  and  confirming  the  ample 
promises  made  in  the  preceding  chapter.  The 
deliverance  of  the  CImrch  from  all  her  enemies 
by  the  Great  REDEEMER,and  the  destruction  of 
antichrist,  and  his  followers,  are  delineated  in 
ch.  Ixiii.  i-6.  with  unequalled  pathos,  energy, 
and  sublimity.  And  the  two  last  chapters  in 
the  prophecy  set  forth,  in  the  clearest  terms, 
the  calling  of  the  Gentiles,  the  establishment 
of  the  Christian  dispensation,  and  the  reproba- 
tion of  the  apostate  Jews. 

Vide  Home's  Crit.  Introd.  vol.  i.  p.  285,  from 
which  this  division  of  the  prophecies  is  extracted  ; 
and  Lowth's  Notes  on  Isaiah,  p.  183. 


788 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BIRTH  OF  CHRIST.       [Period  VI. 


d  See  Job  14.  2. 


e  John  12.  34. 
1  Pe.  1.  25. 

*  Or,  0  thou  that 
UHest good  tidings 
to  Zion.  Is.  41. 
27.  &  62.  T. 

t  Or,  O  thou  that 
telUat  good  ti- 
dings to  Jerusa- 
lem. 

X  Or,  against  the 
strong. 

/Re.  22.  12. 

*  Or,  recompense 
for  his  work. 

e  Ez.  34.  23.  Jo. 
10.  11.  He.  13. 
20. 1  Pe.  2. 25. 
&.O.4. 
Re.  7.  17. 


And  all  flesh  shall  see  it  together  ; 
For  the  mouth  of  the  Lord  hath  spoken  it. 
6  The  voice  said,  "  Cry."  And  he  said,  "  What  shall  I  cry  ?  " 
All  ''flesii  is  grass, 

And  all  the  goodliness  thereof  is  as  the  flower  of  the  field  : 
''  The  grass  withereth,  the  flower  fadeth : 
Because  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  bloweth  upon  it : 
Surely  the  people  is  grass. 
^  The  grass  withereth,  the  flower  fadeth  ; 
But  'the  word  of  our  God  shall  stand  for  ever. 

^  *0  Zion,  that  bringest  good  tidings  !  get  thee  up  into  the  high 
to  Jerusalem,  that  bringest  good  tidings  !  [mountain  ; 

Lift  up  thy  voice  with  strength  ; 
Lift  it  up,  be  not  afraid  ; 

Say  unto  the  cities  of  Judah,  Behold  your  God  ! 
'"  Behold,  the  Lord  God  will  come  twith  strong  hand, 
And  his  arm  shall  rule  for  him : 
Behold,  ^his  reward  is  with  him. 
And  *his  work  before  him. 
'^  He  shall  ^feed  his  flock  like  a  shepherd  : 
He  shall  gather  the  lambs  with  his  arm. 
And  carry  them  in  his  bosom. 
And  shall  gently  lead  those  tthat  are  with  young. 
'  Who  ''hath  measured  the  waters  in  the  hollow  of  his  hand, 
And  meted  out  heaven  with  the  span. 
And  comprehended  the  dust  of  the  earth  in  ta  measure, 
And  weighed  the  mountains  in  scales, 
And  the  hills  in  a  balance  ? 
'  Who  'hath  directed  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord, 
, „.          ^,.        Or  being  *his  counsellor  hath  taught  him  ? 

*  Heb.  man  of  his   i .   tit-   u        i  i     i  i 

counsel.  With  whom  took  he  counsel,  and  who  f instructed  him, 

^^nfe'rs^d."'"'        ^n^  taught  hiiii  in  the  path  of  judgment, 

And  taught  him  knowledge, 

And  showed  to  him  the  way  of  tunderstanding  ? 

Behold,  the  nations  are  as  a  drop  of  a  bucket. 

And  are  counted  as  the  small  dust  of  the  balance  ! 

Behold,  he  taketh  up  the  isles  as  a  very  little  thing  ! 

And  Lebanon  is  not  sufiicient  to  burn, 

Nor  the  beasts  thereof  sufficient  for  a  burnt  oflTering. 

All  nations  before  him  are  as  ^nothing  ; 

And  *^they  are  counted  to  him  less  than  nothing,  and  vanity. 
'^  To  whom  then  will  ye  'liken  God  ? 

Or  what  likeness  will  ye  compare  unto  him  ? 
'^  The  workman  melteth  a  graven  image, 

And  the  goldsmith  spreadeth  it  over  with  gold, 

And  casteth  silver  chains. 
buuim.''"'"^ "    ""  He  that  *is  so  impoverished  that  he  hath  no  oblation 

Chooseth  a  tree  that  will  not  rot ; 

He  seeketh  unto  him  a  cunning  workman  to  prepare  a  graven  image, 
that  shall  not  be  moved. 

Have  "'ye  not  known  ?  have  ye  not  heard  ? 

Hath  it  not  been  told  you  from  the  beginning  ? 

Have  ye  not  understood  from  the  foundations  of  the  earth  ? 

tit  is  He  that  sitteth  upon  the  circle  of  the  earth, 

And  tlie  inhabitants  thereof  are  as  grasshoppers  ; 

That  "stretcheth  out  the  heavens  as  a  curtain. 

And  spreadeth  them  out  as  a  tent  to  dwell  in : 


t  Job  21.  22.  Ro. 
11.  34.  1  Co.  2. 

16. 


X  Heb.  under- 
standings ? 


j  Da.  4.  34. 
k  Ps.  62.  9. 
I  Ac.  17.  29, 


m  Ps.  19.  1.  Ac. 
14.  17.  Ro.  1. 
19,  20. 


\  Or,  Him  that 
aittelh,  ^c. 

n  Job  9.  8.  Ps. 
104.  2.  Je.  10 
12. 


Part  XIII.]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.     739 

cJobi2.2i.Ps.    23  That  bringeth  the  "princes  to  nothing  ; 

^°^-  ■^'''  He  maketh  the  judges  of  the  earth  as  vanity. 

2*  Yea,  they  shall  not  be  planted  ; 
Yea,  they  shall  not  be  sown : 
Yea,  their  stock  shall  not  take  root  in  the  earth  : 
And  He  shall  also  blow  upon  them,  and  they  shall  wither, 
And  the  whirlwind  shall  take  them  away  as  stubble. 

j,De.  4. 15,  &c.  25  a  'p^  ^vvhom  then  will  ye  liken  me, 

Or  shall  I  be  equal  ? "  saith  the  Holy  One. 
26  Lift  up  your  eyes  on  high,  and  behold 
Who  hath  created  these  things, 
That  bringeth  out  their  host  by  number : 
He  calleth  them  all  by  names 

By  the  greatness  of  his  might,  (for  that  He  is  strong  m  power)  ; 
Not  one  faileth. 

^'^  Why  sayest  thou,  O  Jacob  !  and  speakest,  O  Israel ! 
"  My  way  is  hid  from  the  Lord, 
And  my  judgment  is  passed  over  from  my  God  ? " 

28  Hast  thou  not  known  ?  hast  thou  not  heard, 
That  the  everlasting  God,  the  Lord, 

The  Creator  of  the  ends  of  the  earth, 
Fainteth  not,  neither  is  weary  ? 
^n'^*^'  ^'  ^°'        There  'is  no  searching  of  his  understanding  ! 

29  He  giveth  power  to  the  faint ; 

And  to  them  that  iiave  no  might  he  increaseth  strength. 

30  Even  the  youths  shall  faint  and  be  weary, 
And  the  young  men  shall  utterly  fall : 

t  Heb.  change.     31  gut  they  that  Wait  upon  the  Lord  shall  trenew  their  strength  ; 
They  shall  mount  up  with  wings  as  eagles  ; 
They  shall  run,  and  not  be  weary ; 
And  they  shall  walk,  and  not  faint. 

1  Keep  silence  before  me,   O   islands !  and  let  the       Is^^ah  xu. 
people  renew  their  strength  : 
Let  them  come  near,  then  let  them  speak ; 
Let  us  come  near  together  to  judgment. 
*Heb.  righteous-  2  Who  raiscd  up  *the  righteous  man  '^from  the  East, 

rh. 46. 11.  Called  him  to  his  foot, 

5  See  Ge.  14. 14,        Gavc  Hhc  natious  before  him, 

And  made  him  rule  over  kings  ? 
He  gave  them  as  the  dust  to  his  sword. 
And  as  driven  stubble  to  his  bow. 
t  Heb.  inpeace.      3  jjg  pursucd  them,  and  passed  isafely  ; 

Even  by  the  way  that  he  had  not  gone  with  his  feet. 
4  Who  hath  wrought  and  done  it,  calling  the  generations  from  the 
t  Re.  1. 17.  I  the  Lord,  'the  First,  [beginning  ? 

And  with  the  Last— I  am  He  ! 

^  The  isles  saw  it,  and  feared ; 
The  ends  of  the  earth  were  afraid. 
Drew  near,  and  came. 
^  They  helped  every  one  his  neighbour ; 
X  Heb.  Be  strong.       ^^^  g^g^y  ^^^^  Said  to  his  brother,  "  tBe  of  good  courage." 
*  Or,  founder.        7  g^  ^\^q  carpenter  encouraged  the  *goldsmith, 
^  Or,  the  smiting.        And  hc  that  smoothcth  with  the  hammer  thim  that  smote  the  anvil, 

tsaying, 
I  Or,  saijingof  a  j^  jg  ready  for  the  sodering  ;  " 

Mrr,"/n.        ^^^^  ^^^  fastened  it  with  nails,  that  it  should  not  be  moved. 
8  But  thou,  Israel,  art  my  servant. 


c  2  Ch.  20.  7.  Ja. 
2.23. 


I  Ex.  23.  22. 
Zee.  12.  3. 


790  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VI. 

u  See  Ge.  17. 8.        Jacob  whom  I  liave  "chosen, 

The  seed  of  Abraham  my  "friend. 
^  Thou  whom  I  have  taken  from  the  ends  of  the  earth. 
And  called  thee  from  the  chief  men  thereof, 
And  said  unto  thee,  "  Thou  art  my  servant ; 
I  have  chosen  thee,  and  not  cast  thee  away." 
'°  Fear  thou  not — for  "I  am  with  thee : 
Be  not  dismayed — for  I  am  thy  God. 
I  will  strengthen  thee ;  yea,  I  will  hel{D  thee ; 
Yea,  I  will  uphold  thee  with  the  right  hand  of  my  righteousness. 
"  Behold,  all  they  that  were  incensed  against  thee 
Shall  be  ""ashamed  and  confounded : 
They  shall  be  as  nothing ; 
*«,/'iS^^r"  ^"<1  *they  that  strive  with  thee  shall  perish. 

^~  Thou  shalt  seek  them — and  shalt  not  find  them, 
^Ston'^ntToT."-^       ^^'^^  tthem  that  contended  with  thee: 

X  Heh.  The  men  of       JThcy  that  War  against  thee  shall  be  as  nothing,  and  as  a  thing  of 
^'j  ^-r.  13  p^j.  J  ^j^g  Lord  thy  God  will  hold  thy  right  hand,  [nought. 

Saying  unto  thee,  Fear  not ;  I  will  help  thee. 
*  or,/«rm™.      14  ^Q^r  uot,  thou  worm  Jacob,  and  ye  *men  of  Israel ! 
I  will  help  thee,  saith  the  Lord, 
And  thy  Redeemer,  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 
Vco!  16.^4;  5.     ^^  Behold,  "I  will  make  thee  a  new  sharp  threshing  instrument 
1  Heb.  mouths.  Having  t teeth  : 

Thou  shalt  thresh  the  mountains,  and  beat  them  small, 
And  shalt  make  the  hills  as  chaff. 
^^  Thou  shalt  fan  them,  and  the  wind  shall  carry  them  away, 
And  the  whirlwind  shall  scatter  them : 
And  thou  shalt  rejoice  in  the  Lord, 
And  shalt  glory  in  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 

^"^  When  the  poor  and  needy  seek  water,  and  there  is  none. 
And  their  tongue  faileth  for  thirst, 
I  the  Lord  will  hear  them, 
I  the  God  of  Israel  will  not  forsake  them. 
^^  I  will  open  rivers  in  high  places. 

And  fountains  in  the  midst  of  the  valleys : 
I  will  make  the  wilderness  a  pool  of  water, 
And  the  dry  land  springs  of  water. 
^^  I  will  plant  in  the  wilderness  the  cedar,  the  shittah  tree. 
And  the  myrtle,  and  the  oil  tree  ; 
I  will  set  in  the  desert  the  fir  tree, 
And  the  pine,  and  the  bo.x  tree  together : 

:  Job  12.  9.  20   r^^^^    .^J^gy    ^^^    ggg^    ^j^^    j.^^^^^^ 

And  consider,  and  understand  together, 

That  the  hand  of  the  Lord  hath  done  this. 

And  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  hath  created  it. 
^c^e^nSr*"""  ~'  tProduce  your  cause,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Bring  forth  your  strong  reasons,  saith  the  King  of  Jacob. 
^"^  Let  them  bring  them  forth,  and  show  us  what  shall  happen : 

Let  them  show  the  former  things,  what  they  be, 
*a"  rt  u'l^nXm.       That  we  may  *consider  them,  and  know  the  latter  end  of  them  ; 
^  j^  ^^  Or  declare  us  things  for  to  come. 

7, 8.  &  45. 3.  Jo.  *^  Show  "the  things  that  are  to  come  hereafter, 
^^'  ^^'  That  we  may  know  that  ye  are  gods — 


6  J. 

t  Or,  worse  than 


Yea,  Mo  good,  or  do  evil, 


nofAinir.  p,.  11,^.        ihat  we  may  be  dismayed,  and  behold  it  together. 

8.  la.  44. 9.  1  Co.    04   r>    I      I  1  ./->•-  ° 

8.4.  Behold,  yc  are  fof  nollunr, 


Part  XIII.] 


J  Or,  worse  than 
of  a  viper. 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  OF  THE  ADVENT  OF  CHRIST. 


791 


A.  M.  3294  to 

3305. 

B.  C.  710  to 


a  Is.  49.  3,  6.  & 

52.  13.  &  53.  11. 

Mat.  1-2.  18-20. 

Phil.  2.  7. 
b  Mat.  3.  17.  & 

17.  5.  Eph.  1.  6. 
c  Is.  11.2.  Jo.  3. 

34. 


Or,  dimly  burn- 


■f  Heb.  quench  it. 
%  Heb.  broken. 


eZe.  12.  1. 
/Ps.  136.  6. 
g  Ac.  17.  25. 


h  Is.  49.  8. 

i  Is.  49.  C.  Lu.  2. 

32.  Ac.  13.  47. 
j  Is.  35.  5. 
fc  Is.  61.1.  Lu.  4. 

18.  2  Ti.  2.  26. 

He.  2.  14,  15. 
I  Is.  9.  2. 

m  Is.  48.  11. 


And  your  work  tof  nought  : 

An  abomination  is  he  that  chooseth  you. 

-5  I  have  raised  up  one  from  the  north — and  he  shall  come : 

From  the  rising  of  the  sun  'shall  he  call  upon  my  name : 

And  he  shall  come  upon  princes  as  upon  mortar, 

And  as  the  potter  treadeth  clay. 
26  Who  hath  declared  from  the  beginning,  that  we  may  know  ? 

And  beforetime,  that  we  may  say,  He  is  righteous  ? 

Yea,  there  is  none  that  showeth,  yea,  there  is  none  that  declareth, 

Yea,  there  is  none  that  heareth  your  words. 
s'^  The  first  shall  say  to  Zion,  Behold,  behold  them ! 

And  I  will  give  to  Jerusalem  one  that  bringeth  good  tidings. 
28  For  I  beheld — and  there  was  no  man  ; 

Even  among  them,  and  there  was  no  counsellor. 

That,  when  I  asked  of  them,  could  *answer  a  word. 
23  Behold,  they  are  all  vanity  : 

Their  works  are  nothing  : 

Their  molten  images  are  wind  and  confusion. 

Section    XY.— Isaiah's    Prophecy  of  the  Advent  of  Christ,   and   the 
Restoration  of  the  Jews. 
Isaiah   xlii.  and  xliii. 
The  office  of  Christ   o-raced  with  vieekness  and  constancy.     5  God's  promise  unto  him.     10  An  e.r- 
hortation  to  praise^God  for  his  Gospel.     17  He  reproveth  the  people  of  incredulity.  —  Chap,  xlm 
1  The  Lordcomforteth  the  Church  with  his  promises.     8  He  appealeth  to  the  people  for  wit7iess  of 
his  omnipotency.     14  He  foretelleth  them  the  destruction  of  Babylon,  18  a7id  his  wonderful  deliv- 
erance of  his  people.     22  He  reproveth  the  people  as  inexcusable. 

1  Behold  "my  servant,  whom  I  uphold; 
Mine  elect,  in  whom  my  soul  Melighteth ; 
I  'have  put  my  Spirit  upon  him : 
He  shall  bring  forth  judgment  to  the  Gentiles. 

2  He  shall  not  cry,  nor  lift  up. 

Nor  cause  his  voice  to  be  heard  in  the  street. 

3  A  bruised  reed  shall  he  not  break, 

And  the  *smoking  flax  shall  he  not  tquench : 

He  shall  bring  forth  judgment  unto  truth. 
^  He  shall  not  fail  nor  be  tdiscouraged. 

Till  he  have  set  judgment  in  the  earth : 

And  ''the  isles  shall  wait  for  his  law. 
5  Thus  saith  God  the  Lord, 

He  'that  created  the  heavens,  and  stretched  them  out ; 

He  ^that  spread  forth  the  earth,  and  that  which  cometh  out  of  it; 

He  ^that  giveth  breath  unto  the  people  upon  it. 

And  spirit  to  them  that  walk  therein  : 
6  I  the  Lord  have  called  thee  in  righteousness. 

And  will  hold  thy  hand. 

And  will  keep  thee,  'and  give  thee  for  a  covenant  of  the  people, 

For  ^a  light  of  the  Gentiles  ; 
■^  To  ^open  the  blind  eyes, 

To  *bring  out  the  prisoners  from  the  prison. 

And  them  that  sit  in  'darkness  out  of  the  prison-house. 

8  I  am  the  Lord — that  is  my  name : 
And  my  '"glory  will  I  not  give  to  another. 
Neither  my  praise  to  graven  images. 

9  Behold,  the  former  things  are  come  to  pass, 
And  new  things  do  I  declare  : 

Before  they  spring  forth  I  tell  you  of  them. 

^^  Sing  "unto  the  Lord  a  new  song, 
And  his  praise  from  the  end  of  the  earth, 


792 


*  Heb.  the  fulness 
thereof. 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  OF  THE  ADVENT  OF  CHRIST.     [Period  VI. 


t  Or,  behave  him- 
self mightily. 


X  Heb.  swallow, 
or,  sup  up. 


*  Heb.  into 
straighlness. 


o  Ps.  97.  7.  Is.  1. 
29.  &.  44.  n. 


p  Ez.  12.  2.  See 
Jo.  9.  39,  41. 


jRo.  2.  21. 


t  Or,  him. 


J  Or,  In  stiarino 
all  the  young 
men  of  them. 


•2Ki.  25.9. 
(  Ho.  7.  9. 


Ye  that  go  down  to  the  sea,  and  *all  that  is  therein ; 
The  isles,  and  the  inhabitants  thereof. 
"  Let  the  wilderness  and  the  cities  thereof  lift  up  their  voice, 
The  villages  that  Kedar  doth  inhabit : 
Let  the  inhabitants  of  the  rock  sing, 
Let  them  shout  from  the  top  of  the  mountains. 
^^  Let  them  give  glory  unto  the  Lord, 

And  declare  his  praise  in  the  islands, 
^^  The  Lord  shall  go  forth  as  a  mighty  man, 
He  shall  stir  up  jealousy  like  a  man  of  war  : 
He  shall  cry — yea,  roar  ; 
He  shall  tprevail  against  his  enemies. 
^"*  I  have  long  time  holden  my  peace  ; 
I  have  been  still,  and  refrained  myself: 
Now  will  I  cry  like  a  travailing  woman ; 
I  will  destroy  and  tdevour  at  once. 
^^  I  will  make  waste  mountains  and  hills, 
And  dry  up  all  their  herbs  ; 
And  I  will  make  the  rivers  islands, 
And  I  will  dry  up  the  pools. 
^^  And  I  will  bring  the  blind  by  a  way  that  they  knew  not ; 
I  will  lead  them  in  paths  that  they  have  not  known  ; 
1  will  make  darkness  light  before  them. 
And  crooked  things  *straight. 

These  things  will  I  do  unto  them,  and  not  forsake  them. 
^'  They  shall  be  "turned  back,  they  shall  be  greatly  ashamed, 
That  trust  in  graven  images, 
That  say  to  the  molten  images, 
Ye  are  our  gods  ! 

^^  Hear,  ye  deaf ! 
And  look,  ye  blind  !  that  ye  may  see. 
^^  Who  ''is  blind,  but  my  servant  ? 

Or  deaf,  as  my  messenger  that  I  sent  ? 
Who  is  blind  as  he  that  is  perfect, 
And  blind  as  the  Lord's  servant  ? 
^^  Seeing  many  things — but  'thou  observest  not ; 

Opening  the  ears — but  he  heareth  not. 
^^  The  Lord  is  well  pleased  for  his  righteousness'  sake  ; 

He  will  magnify  the  Law,  and  make  tit  honorable. 
^~  But  this  is  a  people  robbed  and  spoiled  ; 
tThey  are  all  of  them  snared  in  holes. 
And  they  are  hid  in  prison  houses : 
They  are  for  a  prey — and  none  delivereth  ; 
For  *a  spoil — and  none  saith,  Restore. 

-^  Who  among  you  will  give  ear  to  this? 
Who  will  hearken  and  hear  tfor  the  time  to  come  ? 
^"^  Who  gave  .lacob  for  a  spoil, 
And  Israel  to  the  robbers  ? 

Did  not  the  Lord,  he  against  whom  we  have  sinned  ? 
For  they  would  not  walk  in  his  ways, 
Neither  were  they  obedient  unto  his  law. 
^^  Therefore  he  hath  poured  upon  him 

The  fury  of  liis  anger,  and  the  strength  of  battle  : 

And  '^it  halh  set  him  on  fire  round  about — yet  'he  knew  not; 

And  it  burned  him— yet  he  laid  it  not  to  heart. 

^  But  now  tjuis  saith  the  Lord,  that  created  thee,  O     Isaia 
Jacob  ! 


xliii. 


;  Pr.  11.  8.  &  21. 

18. 


%  Or,  person. 
v>  Je.  30.  10,  11. 


X  Is.  63.  19.  Ja. 

2.7. 
y  Ps.  100.  3.  Jo. 

3.  3,  5.  2  Co.  5. 

17.  Eph.  2.  10. 
z  Is.  6.  9.  &  42. 

19.  Ez.  12.  2. 


•  Or,  nothing 
formed  of  Ood. 


b  De.  32.  16.  P3. 

81.9. 


0.  2.  Jo.  8.    13 


+  Ueb.  turn  it 
bank  7  Job  9.  12, 
Is.  14.  27. 


X  Heb.  bars. 


d  Ex.  14.  16,  22. 
Ps.  77.  19. 
e  Jos.  3.  13,  16. 
/Ex.  14.4-9,25 


VOL.    ! 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.      793 

And  he  that  formed  thee,  O  Israel ! 

Fear  not— for  I  have  redeemed  thee, 

I  have  called  thee  by  thy  name— thou  art  mine 

2  When  thou  passest  through  the  waters-I  'will  be  with  thee , 
And  throu<^h  the  rivers— they  shall  not  overflow  thee  : 

When  thoS  "walkest  through  the  fire-thou  shalt  not  be  burned  ; 
Neither  shall  the  flame  kindle  upon  thee. 

3  For  I  am  the  Lord  thy  God, 

The  Holy  One  of  Israel,  thy  Saviour : 
I  "gave  Egypt  for  thy  ransom, 
Ethiopia  and  Seba  for  thee. 

4  Since  thou  wast  precious  in  my  sight, 

Thou  hast  been  honorable,  and  I  have  loved  thee ; 
Therefore  will  I  give  men  for  thee, 
And  people  for  thy  tlife. 

5  Fear  "not — for  I  am  with  thee  : 

I  will  bring  thy  seed  from  the  east, 
And  gather  thee  from  the  west ; 

6  I  will  say  to  the  north,  Give  up ; 
And  to  the  south,  Keep  not  back  : 
Bring  my  sons  from  far, 

And  my  daughters  from  the  ends  of  the  earth ; 

7  Even  every  one  that  is  "called  by  my  name : 

For  n  have  created  him  for  my  glory,  I  have  formed  him ; 
Yea,  I  have  made  him. 

8  Bring  'forth  the  blind  people  that  have  eyes, 
And  the  deaf  that  have  ears. 
9  Let  all  the  nations  be  gathered  together, 
And  let  the  people  be  assembled :  ,u;„„e  5 

Who  among  them  can  declare  this,  and  show  us  former  things 
Let  them  bring  forth  their  witnesses,  that  they  may  be  justihed  . 
Or  let  them  hear,  and  say.  It  is  truth. 

^^  Ye  are  my  witnesses,  saith  the  Lord, 
And  my  servant  whom  I  have  chosen  ; 
That  ye  may  know  and  believe  me. 
And  understand  that  I  am  He  : 
Before  me  there  was  *no  God  formed. 
Neither  shall  there  be  after  me. 

11  I,  even  I,  "am  the  Lord  ; 

And  besides  me  there  is  no  saviour. 

12  I  have  declared,  and  have  saved,  j    ^^.„  vn,, 
And  I  have  showed,  when  there  was  no  ^strange  god  among  you 
Therefore  ye  are  my  witnesses,  saith  the  Lord,  that  i  am  Uod. 
Yea,  'before  the  day  was — I  am  He  ; 
And  there  is  none  that  can  deliver  out  of  my  hand  : 
I  will  work,  and  who  shafl  tlet  it? 

1*  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Your  Redeemer,  the  Holy  One  of  Israel ; 
For  your  sake  I  have  sent  to  Babylon, 
And  have  brought  down  all  their  tnobles. 
And  the  Chaldeans,  whose  cry  is  in  the  ships. 
I  am  the  Lord,  your  Holy  One, 
The  Creator  of  Israel,  your  King. 

16  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Which  "maketh  a  way  in  the  sea, 
And  'a  path  in  the  mighty  waters ; 

Which  ^brin-eth  forth  the  chariot  and  horse,  the  army  and  the  power , 
°        100  ^^ 


794  ISAIAH  SHOWS  THE  FOLLV  OF  IDOLATRY.         [Period  VL 

They  shall  lie  down  together,  they  shall  not  rise : 
They  are  extinct,  they  are  quenched  as  tow. 
^•23.7]^'  ^^  ^     ^^  Remember  ^ye  not  the  former  things, 
Neither  consider  the  things  of  old. 

*|^Co.5.17.Re.    19  ^^^^l^^  J  ^jJl  ^^  .^  j^^^^  ^j^j^g  . 

Now  it  shall  spring  forth — shall  ye  not  know  it  ? 
'•^^  nVs.  Ts"'         ^  '^^^''  e\en  make  a  way  in  the  wilderness, 
1^-  And  rivers  in  the  desert. 

^°  The  beast  of  the  field  shall  honor  me, 
H^b/.^St";,         The  dragons  and  the  *owls  ; 
of  the  owl.  Because  I  give  waters  in  the  wilderness, 

And  rivers  in  the  desert, 
To  give  drink  to  my  people,  my  chosen. 
■'i!'T4°75.^lph^"'  ^^  This  ^people  have  I  formed  for  myself; 
^•^'''-  They  shall  show  forth  my  praise. 

"  But  thou  hast  not  called  upon  me,  O  Jacob  ! 
But  thou  ''hast  been  weary  of  me,  O  Israel  ! 
(HTLltor,   ^^  Thou  'hast  not  brought  me  the  f small  cattle  of  thy  burnt  offerings; 
kids.        '    '        Neither  hast  thou  honored  me  with  thy  sacrifices. 
I  have  not  caused  thee  to  serve  with  an  offering, 
Nor  wearied  thee  with  incense. 
tHeh.viadeine    ^4  Thou  hast  bought  mc  uo  swcct  canc  with  money, 
dandy moutene'd.       Neither  hast  thou  Jfilled  me  with  the  fat  of  thy  sacrifices: 
"a^V"  '^'  ^^^^'        ^"^  ^^^^^  ^^^^*  made  me  to  serve  with  thy  sins, 
n  Is.  44. 22.  &  48.       Thou  hast  "'wearied  me  with  tliine  iniquities. 

9.je.5o.2u.Ac.  25  I   g^g^  J   ^^^  j^g  ^j^^^j  "blottcth  out  thy  trausgrcssious  "for  mine  own 
0  Ez.  36. 22,  &c.        And  ^vviil  not  remember  thy  sins.  [sake, 

2g  p^^  ^^^  .^^  remembrance  :  let  us  plead  together : 

Declare  thou,  that  thou  mayest  be  justified. 
^'  Thy  first  father  hath  sinned, 

And  thy  ^teachers  have  transgressed  against  me. 
^  Or,  holy  princes.  ^^  Therefore  'I  have  profaned  the  +princes  of  the  sanctuary, 
^9.^bl%ALzlt       -^"^  '^have  given  Jacob  to  the  curse, 
8-  '3-  And  Israel  to  reproaches. 

SECT.  XVI.     Section     XVI. — Isaiah   sfiows   the  Folly  of  Idolatry,  and  prophesies    the 

Conversion  of  the  Gentiles. 

A.  M.  3294  to  x  , •  ,      , 

3305.  Isaiah  xliv.  and  xlv. 

B-  ^-J^^^  '"       God  comforteili  the  Church  with  his  promises.     7  Tlie  ranily  of  idols,  d  and  folly  of  idol-makers. 
°^^"  21  haiah  exhorteth  to  praise  God  for  his  redemption  and  omnipotency.  —  Chap.  xlv.  1  God  calleth 

Cyrvsfor  his  Church's  sake.     5  By  his  omnipotency  he  chailengeth  obedience.    20  He  C07ivinceth 

the  idols  of  vanity  by  his  savint:  power. 

"46.'^,'^.'  ^  ^  Yet  now  hear,  "O  Jacob  my  servant ; 

And  Israel,  whom  I  have  chosen  : 
^  Thus  .saith  the  Lord  that  made  thee, 

And  formed  thee  from  the  womb,  which  will  help  thee  ; 

Fear  not,  O  Jacob,  my  servant ; 
jDe.32. 15.  ^„(^j  thou,  'Jcsuruu,  wliom  I  have  chosen. 

V.M.^A^ "2.^18."    ^  ^^^  I  ^^''11  'PO"^  ^'^"^^^^  "PO"  'i'»i  that  is  thirsty, 

And  floods  upon  the  dry  ground  : 

I  will  pour  my  Spirit  upon  thy  seed. 

And  my  blessing  upon  thine  offspring  : 
^  And  they  shall  spring  up  as  among  the  grass. 

As  willows  by  the  water  courses. 
^  One  shall  say,  I  am  the  Lord's  ; 

And  another  shall  call  himself  by  the  name  of  Jacob  ; 

And  another  shall  subscribe  with  his  hand  unto  the  Lord, 

And  surname  himself  by  the  name  of  Israel. 


pis.  1.  18.  Je.31. 


P.HT  XIII.]  ISAIAH  SUO\VS  THE  FOLLY  OF  IDOLATRY.  7j5 

6  Thus  saith  tiie  Lord  tlie  King  of  Israel, 
And  his  Redeemer,  the  Lord  of  hosts ; 
^ Is. 41. 4. & 48.        J  rfg^jjj  The  First,  and  I  am  The  Last; 
K^is."^'^^*        And  besides  me  there  is  no  God. 
■^  And  who,  as  I,  shall  call, 
And  shall  declare  it,  and  set  it  in  order  for  me, 
Since  I  appointed  the  ancient  people  ? 
And  the  things  that  are  coming,  and  shall  come, 
Let  them  show  unto  them. 
8  Fear  ye  not,  neither  be  afraid  :  a    }    ^A  \fi 

Have  not  1  told  thee  from  that  time,  and  have  declared  it? 
Ye  are  even  my  witnesses. 
Is  there  a  God  besides  me  ? — 
«De.4.35,39.&       Yca,  'there  is  no  *God— I  know  not  any. 
i^.!i:ii:      ^  They  that  make  a  graven  image  are  all  of  them  vanity ; 
*  Heb.  rocfe.  De.        ^j-^^j  ^^eir  tdclectable  things  shall  not  proht; 
t^Heb'.  desirable.        And  thcy  are  their  own  witnesses  ; 
/P3. 115. 4,  &.C.        .^They  see  not,  nor  know  ; 
That  they  may  be  ashamed. 
10  Who  hath  formed  a  god,  ^    , ,    r         .u-  -.  ? 

,  Jo.  10. 5.  Hab.        Or  molten  a  graven  image  ^that  is  profitable  for  nothing  f 
^•^^-  J    11  Behold,  all  his  fellows  shall  be  ^ashamed  : 

'^29!&yn.'  ^'       And  the  workmen,  they  are  of  men  : 

Let  them  all  be  gathered  together,  let  them  stand  up  ; 
Yet  they  shall  fear,  and  they  shall  be  ashamed  together. 

tor,  with  an  axe.  12  The  Slllith   twith   thc   tOllgS 

Both  worketh  in  the  coals,  and  fashioneth  it  with  hammers, 

And  worketh  it  with  the  strength  of  his  arms : 

Yea,  he  is  hungry,  and  his  strength  faileth : 

He  drinketh  no  water,  and  is  faint.  ,     -.u    i:,,^  . 

13  The  carpenter  stretcheth  out  his  rule  ;  he  marketh  it  out  with  a  line ; 

He  fitteth  it  with  planes, 

And  he  marketh  it  out  with  the  compass, 

And  maketh  it  after  the  figure  of  a  man, 

According  to  the  beauty  of  a  man  ; 

That  it  may  remain  in  the  house. 
1"*  He  heweth  him  down  cedars. 

And  taketh  the  cypress  and  the  oak. 

Which  he  *strengthenetli  for  himself  among  the  trees  of  the  forest. 

He  planteth  an  ash,  and  the  rain  doth  nourish  it. 

15  Then  shall  it  be  for  a  man  to  burn  : 
For  he  will  take  thereof,  and  warm  himself ; 
Yea,  he  kindleth  it,  and  baketli  bread  ; 
Yea,  he  maketh  a  god,  and  worshippeth  it ; 
He  maketh  it  a  graven  image,  and  faileth  down  thereto. 

16  He  burneth  part  thereof  in  the  fire  ; 
With  part  thereof  he  eateth  flesh  ; 
He  roasteth  roast,  and  is  satisfied : 
Yea,  he  warmeth  himself,  and  saith,         ^^ 
''  Aha,  I  am  warm,  I  have  seen  the  fire  :  •      „^ . 

17  And  tiie  residue  thereof  he  maketh  a  god,  even  his  graven  image . 
He  faileth  down  unto  it,  and  worshippeth  it. 
And  prayeth  unto  it,  and  saith, 

"  Deliver  me  ;  for  thou  art  my  God." 

18  They  have  not  known  nor  understood  ; 
,2  The..  2. 11.         For  'he  hath  tshut  their  eyes,  that  they  cannot  see, 
f  Heb  daubed.  p^^^^  ^j^gj^  hcarts,  that  they  cannot  understand. 


•  Or,  taketh  cour- 
asre. 


196  ISAIAH  SHOWS  THE  FOLLi   OF  IDOLATRY.      [Period  VI. 

xaeh.setteviu)     19  ^nd  none  tconsidereth  in  his  heart, 

hii  heart.  Is.  46.  .  '  ,. 

8.  Neither  is  there  knowledge  nor  understanding  to  say, 

I  have  burned  part  of  it  in  the  fire  ; 
Yea,  also  I  have  baked  bread  upon  the  coals  thereof; 
I  have  roasted  flcsii,  and  eaten  it — 
And  shall  I  make  the  residue  thereof  an  abomination  ? 
*^^t'^clf  Shall  I  fall  down  to  *the  stock  of  a  tree  ? 

j  Ho.  4. 1-2.  Ro.  1.  ^°  He  feedeth  on  asiies  :  -'a  deceived  heart  hath  turned  him  aside, 
21. 2The3. 2.  That  he  cannot  deliver  his  soul,  nor  say, 

Is  there  not  a  lie  in  my  right  hand  ? 

-^  Remember  these,  O  Jacob  and  Israel  ! 
For  thou  art  my  servant : 
I  have  formed  thee  ;  thou  art  my  servant : 
O  Israel,  thou  shalt  not  be  forgotten  of  me. 
*  I"-  43-  25.         22  I  ^have  blotted  out,  as  a  thick  cloud,  thy  transgressions, 

And,  as  a  cloud,  thy  sins : 
'2o:ici.'6^^.'        Return  unto  me  ;  for  'I  have  redeemed  thee. 
1  Pe.  1. 18, 19.  23  Sing,  "O  ye  heavens  :  for  the  Lord  hath  done  it ! 

m  Ps.  69.  34.  &  ="  •'  ,  ,     , 

96.11,12.18.42.       fehout,  ye  lower  parts  ol  the  earth  . 

Ee.  18. 2o".    '          Break  forth  into  singing,  ye  mountains  ! 

0  forest,  and  every  tree  therein  ! 
For  the  Lord  hath  redeemed  Jacob, 
And  glorified  himself  in  Israel. 

-^  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  thy  Redeemer, 
And  he  that  formed  thee  from  the  womb, 

1  am  the  Lord  that  maketh  all  things  ; 
nSeeGe.i.  1.          1^]^^^  "strctcheth  forth  the  heavens  alone  ; 

That  spreadeth  abroad  the  earth  by  myself; 
o  Is.  47. 13.         25  That  Yrustrateth  the  tokens  ^of  the  hars, 

p  Je.  50.  36.  4       1  I        1       T     •  1 

And  maketh  diviners  mad  ; 

That  turneth  wise  men  backward, 
q  1  Co.  1. 20.  ^j^ J  'maketh  their  knowledge  foolish  ; 

r  Zee.  1. 6.         26  rpj^^^  "confimieth  the  word  of  his  servant, 

And  performeth  the  counsel  of  his  messengers  ; 

That  saith  to  Jerusalem,  Thou  shalt  be  inhabited  ; 

And  to  the  cities  of  Judah,  Ye  shall  be  built, 
tHeb.»a.r«.  ^^^  J  ^^,jj|  j.^jgg  ^p  ^i^g  tdecaved  places  thereof; 

,seeJe.50.38.    27  ^hat  ^saith  to  tlic  dccp,  Bc  dry. 

And  I  will  dry  up  thy  rivers  ; 
2^  That  saith  of  Cyrus,  He  is  my  shepherd. 

And  shall  perform  all  my  pleasure  : 
'Lrah^i  &'c^"       ^^'6n  sayi'ig  to  Jerusalem,  '•  'Thou  shalt  be  built ;  " 

And  to  the  temple,  '•  Thy  foundation  shall  be  laid." 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  to  his  anointed,  Isaiah  xIt. 

toViii^-  ^^  Cyrns,  whose  "right  hand  I  Jhave  holden, 

enek.  To  "^subduc  uatious  before  him  ; 

r_ir8.4i.2.  Da.  5.       xnd  I  will  loosc  the  loins  of  kings. 

To  open  before  him  the  two-leaved  gates  ; 

And  the  gates  shall  not  be  shut ; 
^  I  will  go  before  thee, 

And  make  the  crooked  places  straight ; 

I  will  break  in  pieces  the  gates  of  brass, 

And  cut  in  sunder  the  bars  of  iron  ; 
^  And  I  will  give  thee  the  treasures  of  darkness, 

And  hidden  riches  of  secret  places, 

That  tliou  mayest  know  that  I,  the  Lord, 


Part  XIIL] 


M  Ex.  33.  12,  17, 


y  De.  4.  35,  ; 
&  32.  39. 


I  Ps.  18.  32, 39. 

a  Ps.  102.  15.  Is. 
37.  20.  Mai.  1. 
11. 


b  P3. 104.  20. 
c  Amos  3.  6. 


d  Ps.  72.  3.  &.  85. 
11. 


ISAIAH  snows  THE  FOLLY  OF  IDOLATRY. 


r97 


e  Je.  18.  6.  Ko.  9. 
20. 


/See  Ge.  1.1. 


*  Or,  make 
straight. 

s  Is.  52.  3.  See 
Ro.3.24. 

n  Ps.  68.  31.  & 
72.  10,  11.  Is. 
49.  23.  &  60.  9, 
10,  14,  16.  Ze. 
8.  22,  23. 

i  Ps.  149.  8. 


j\  Co.  14.25. 


ft  Is.  26.4.  Ro, 
11.26. 


Which  "call  thee  by  thy  name, 
Am  the  God  of  Israel. 

4  For  Jacob  my  servant's  sake,  and  Israel  mine  elect, 
I  have  even  called  thee  by  thy  name : 

I  have  surnamed  thee,  though  thou  hast    not  known  me. 

5  I  "am  the  Lord,  and  there  is  none  else, 
There  is  no  God  besides  me  : 

I  'Virded  thee,  though  thou  hast  not  known  me. 

6  That  '^they  may  know  from  the  rising  of  the  sun, 
And  from  the  west,  that  there  is  none  besides  me. 
I  am  the  Lord,  and  there  is  none  else. 

7  I  form  the  light,  and  "create  darkness : 
I  make  peace,  and  'create  evil : 

I  the  Lord  do  all  these  things. 

8  Drop  Mown,  ye  heavens !  from  above, 
And  let  the  skies  pour  down  righteousness ! 

Let  the  earth  open,  and  let  them  bring  forth  salvation, 

And  let  righteousness  spring  up  together ! 

I  the  Lord  have  created  it.  ,  •    at  i      i 

9  Woe  unto  him  that  striveth  with  his  Maker! 

Let  the  potsherd  strive  with  the  potsherds  of  the  earth 
Shall  ^the  clay  say  to  him  that  fashioneth  it,  What  makest  thou? 
Or  thv  work,  He  hath  no  hands? 
10  Woe  unto  him  that  saith  unto  his  father,  What  begettest  thou? 
Or  to  the  woman.  What  hast  thou  brought  forth? 

1^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
The  Holy  One  of  Israel,  and  his  Maker, 
Ask  me  of  things  to  come 

Concerning  my  sons,  j    ,^  ^o 

And  concerning  the  work  of  my  hands  command  ye  me. 

12  I  -^have  made  the  earth. 
And  created  man  upon  it : 

I,  even  my  hands,  have  stretched  out  the  heavens, 
And  all  their  host  have  I  commanded. 

13  I  have  raised  him  up  in  righteousness. 
And  1  will  *direct  all  his  ways : 

He  shall  build  my  city,  and  he  shall  let  go  my  captives, 
Not  "for  price  nor  reward,  saith  the  Lord  ot  hosts. 

14  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  ^  17  u-     • 

The  Mabor  of  Egypt,  and  merchandise  of   Lthiopia 
And  of  the  Sabeans,  men  of  stature. 
Shall  come  over  unto  thee,  and  they  sha  1  be  thine : 
They  shall  come  after  thee  ;  'in  chains  they  shall  come  over 
And   they  shall  fall  down  unto  thee,  they  shall  make  supplication 

unto  thee,  . 

Saying,  ^Surely  God  is  in  thee  ;  and  there  is  none  else,  » 

There  is  no  God. 

15  Verily  thou  art  a  God  that  hidest  thyselt, 

O  God  of  Israel,  the  Saviour  1  ,    1     ,,    r  .u 

16  They  shall  be  ashamed,  and  also  confounded,  all  ot  them: 
They  shall  go  to  confusion  together 

.  ^„'r',:;:eutui:Uv:du,  U.  Lo.»  wi..,  an  eve^asUng  salvation : 
Ye  shall  not  be  ashamed  nor  confounded  world  without  end. 

18  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  that  created  the  heavens  ; 
God    himself    that    formed    the    earth    and    made    it;     he     hath 
established  it, 


VOL.    I. 


3  o 


798  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BABYLONISH  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VI. 

He  created  it  not  in  vain,  he  formed  it  to  be  inhabited : 

I  am  the  Lord — and  there  is  none  else. 
^^^.'m.'  "■  ^'"    ^^  I  ^^^^'^  "ot  spoken  in  'secret,  in  a  dark  place  of  the  earth : 

I  said  not  unto  the  seed  of  Jacob,  Seek  ye  me  in  vain: 
"ifg.'iaViat.  ^  ""^^^  Lord  speak  righteousness,  I  declare  things  that  are  right. 

2°  Assemble  yourselves  and  come  ! 

Draw  near  together,  ye  that  are  escaped  of  the  nations  ! 
"ss','^^'  ^'  ^°'  '■       Tiiey  "have  no  knowledge  that  set  up  the  wood  of  their  graven  image, 

And  pray  unto  a  god  that  cannot  save. 
^^  Tell  ye,  and  bring  them  near ; 

Yea,  let  them  take  counsel  together : 
"/.V 46^rof&^'       Who  "hath  declared  this  from'ancient  time  ? 
48. 14.  Who  hath  told  it  from  that  time  ? 

'sr&c:^*"^'^'        Have  not  I  the  Lord  ?  ''and  there  is  no  God  else  besides  me ! 

A  just  God  and  a  Saviour — there  is  none  besides  me. 

For  I  am  God — and  there  is  none  else, 
r  Ge._^22. 16.  He.  23  J  -j^^vc  swom  by  myself, 

The  word  is  gone  out  of  my  mouth  in  righteousness, 
f  Ro.  14. 11.  Phil.       ^^^^  ^^^^^^  "ot  return. 

That  unto  me  every  ^knee  shall  bow, 


t  Ge.  31.  53.  De.       j.^^^^  'touguc  shall  swear, 


C.  13.  Ps.  63.  11. 


t  Or,  sure/i/ Ae  24  fgurely,  (shall  one  sav,) 

shall  say  of  mn.  _  .       •' J    ^  .  _      .^  V 


shall  say  of 
Ja  the 


loiw'is  In  the  Lord  have  I  ^righteousness  and  strength : 

all  righteousness  T?  i      l,"  i_    ii 

and  strength.  t,\en  to  Iiim  Shall  mcu  come  ; 

^n^tesTe'^fs'""  ^"^  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^^  iuccnscd  agaiust  him  shall  be  ashamed. 

.  .  o^  In  the  Lord  shall  all  the  seed  of  Israel  be  justified, 
And  "shall  glory. 


1  Co.  1.  30. 
u  1  Co.  1.  31. 


SECT.  XVII.    Section  XYII.— Isaiah's   Prophecy  of  the  Babylonish  Captivity,  and  the 


A.  M.  3294  to 


Destruction  of  Babylon. 


^"^°5-  Isaiah  xlvi.  and  xlvii. 

699.  "^1^^  ^<^°^^  ofBabijlon  could  not  save  themselves.     3  God  saveth  his  people  to  the  end.    5  Idols  are  not 

comparable  to  God  for  poioer,  12  or  present  salvation.  —  Chap,  xlvii.   1  God's  judgment  upon 

Babylon  and  Chaldea,  G  for  their  unmercifulness,  7  pride,  \0  and   over  boldness,  11  shall  be 
irresistible. 
aJe.  50.  2.  &  51.  i   g^^  "boWOth  doWn,   Ncbo  StOOpCth, 

Their  idols  were  upon  the  beasts,  and  upon  the  cattle : 

Your  carriages  were  heavy  loaden  ; 
bJe.  10.5.  r^^^Qy  i^j.^  ^  burden  to  the  weary  beast. 

2  They  stoop,  they  bow  down  together ; 

They  could  not  deliver  the  burden, 
Ve.ls.T."''"'"'-       But  themselves  are  gone  into  captivity. 
^  Hearken  unto  me,  O  house  of  Jacob ! 

And  all  the  remnant  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
'h3i.^&32°ri.        Which  'are  borne  by  me  from  the  belly, 
Ps.  71. 6.  Which  are  carried  from  the  womb  : 

(iPs.  102. 27.  4    A       1  X  11  JT  TT 

Mai.  3. 6.  And  even  to  your  old  age  ''I  am  He  ; 

«Pi.48. 14.  And  even  to  hoar  hairs'will  I  carry  you  : 

I  have  made,  and  I  will  bear ; 
Even  I  will  carry,  and  will  deliver  you. 

^  To  whom  will  ye  liken  me,  and  make  me  equal, 
And  compare  me,  that  we  may  be  like  ? 
■^e-'-A'^M'-    '  They  -^lavish  gold  out  of  the  bag, 
And  weigh  silver  in  the  balance, 
And  hire  a  goldsmith :  and  he  maketh  it  a  god  : 
They  fall  down — yea,  they  worship. 
■^  They  ''bear  him  upon  the  shoulder,  they  carry  him. 


Je.  10.  3. 


£-10.  JO. 


Part  XIII.]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BABYLONISH  CAPTIVITY.      799 

And  set  him  in  his  place,  and  he  standeth ; 
From  his  place  shall  he  not  remove  : 
Yea,  one  shall  cry  unto  him,  yet  can  he  not  answer, 
Nor  save  him  out  of  his  trouble. 

8  Remember  this,  and  show  yourselves  men : 
Bring  it  again  to  mind,  O  ye  transgressors  ! 
/jDe.32.7.  9  Remember  ''the  former  things  of  old: 

For  I  am  God— and  there  is  none  else  ; 
I  am  God — and  there  is  none  like  me, 

10  Declaring  the  end  from  the  beginning, 

And  from  ancient  times  the  things  that  are  not  yet  done,  saymg, 
'fg 'a?' "21^30        My  ^counsel  shall  stand, 
Ac.  5:39.  He.o:       And  I  will  do  all  my  pleasure  : 

11  Calling  a  ravenous  bird  ^from  the  East, 
tThe  man  Hhat  executeth  my  counsel  from  a  far  country: 
Yea,  'I  have  spoken  it— I  will  also  bring  it  to  pass  ; 
I  have  purposed  it — I  will  also  do  it. 

12  Hearken  unto  me,  ye  stout-hearted, 
,»  Ro.  10. 3.  That  '"are  far  from  righteousness  : 

ni9.5i.5. Ro.  1.  13  J  "\)yw(t  near  my  righteousness;  it  shall  not  be  far  off, 
0  iiab.  2.'  3.'  And  my  salvation  "shall  not  tarry : 

p  u.  62. 11.  And  I  will  place  ^salvation  in  Zion 

^Comrdown,in7sit  in  the  dust,  O  virgin  daughter  of    I--ah  xlvii. 

Babylon  ! 
Sit  on  the  ground !  ^,    n  , 

There  is  no  throne,  O  daughter  of  the  Chaldeans  ! 
For  thou  shalt  no  more  be  called  tender  and  delicate. 
«,?''«"v?:/o4     ^  Take  'the  millstones,  and  grind  meal : 
Uncover  thy  locks,  make  bare  the  leg. 
Uncover  the  thigh,  pass  over  the  rivers. 


17. 

jig.  41.2,25. 
t  Heb.  77ie  man 

of  my  counsel. 
k  Is.  44.  28.  & 

45.  13. 
I  Nu.  23.  19. 


16.  21.  Mat.  24 
41 


.3.  i7.Je.i3.    3  Thy  ''nakedness  shall  be  uncovered. 


22.26.  Nah.  3. 5.  -    ".'  i      11   U 

Yea,  thy  shame  shall  be  seen 
sRo.  12. 19.  I  Syyiii  take  vengeance, 


I  Je.  50.  34. 


And  I  will  not  meet  thee  as  a  man. 

4  As  for  'our  Redeemer,  the  Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name. 
The  Holy  One  of  Israel.  ^    ,       u.         e  *u^ 

5  Sit  thou    silent,  and   get   thee  into  darkness,  O  daughter   of  the 
Chaldeans! 
«  Da.  2. 37.  For  "thou  shalt  no  more  be  called.  The  Lady  of  Kingdoms. 

''i4'2cf  28''9      ^  ^  "^^^  ^•'^^^'^  ^^^'^  "^y  people. 
Zee.  j.is.  ■  ■        I  have  polluted  mine  inheritance. 

And  given  them  into  thy  hand : 

Thou  didst  show  them  no  mercy ;  ,  .,    , 

«,De.  28. 50.  Upou  '"the  aucieut  hast  thou  very  heavily  laid  thy  yoke. 

zRe.  18. 7.  7  And  thou  saidst,  "  I  shall  be  ^a  lady  for  ever  :  " 

So  that  thou  didst  not  lay  these  things  to  thy  heart, 
yDe. 32.29.  Neither  Midst  remember  the  latter  ciid  of  it. 

8  Therefore  hear  now  this,  thou  that  art  given  to  pleasures. 

That  dwellest  carelessly, 
*       That  sayest  in  thy  heart, 
zzep.2. 15.  I  '^am,  and  none  else  besides  me  ; 

a  Re.  18.7.  I  "shall  uot  sit  as  a  widow. 

Neither  siiall  I  know  the  loss  of  children. 
b  u.  51. 19.  9  But  "these  two  things  shall  come  to  thee  'in  a  moment  in  one  day, 

*  1  Thes.  5. 3.  rpj^g  j^gg  ^^  children,  and  widowhood  : 


800 


e  Ps.  52.  7. 

/Is.  29.  15.  Ez. 

8.  12.  &  9.  9. 
X  Or,  caused  thee 

to  turn  away. 


*  Heb.  the  morn- 
ing thereof. 


t  Heb.  expiate, 
g  1  Thcs.  5.  3. 


{  Heb.  viewers  of 
the  heavens.  Da. 
2.2. 

*TTiat  give  knmcl- 


t  Ileb.  their  souls. 


ISAIAH   REPROVES  THE   ISRAELITES  [Period  VI. 

They  shall  come  upon  thee  in  their  perfection  ''for  the  multitude  of 

And  for  the  great  abundance  of  thine  enchantments,     [thy  sorceries, 
^•^  For  thou  'hast  trusted  in  thy  wickedness : 

Thou  -^hast  said,  '•  None  seeth  me." 

Thy  wisdom  and  thy  knowledge,  it  hath  Iperverted  thee ; 

And  thou  hast  said  in  thy  heart, 

I  am,  and  none  else  besides  me. 
^^  Therefore  shall  evil  come  upon  thee  ; 

Thou  shalt  not  know  *from  whence  it  riseth  : 

And  mischief  shall  fall  upon  thee  ; 

Thou  shalt  not  be  able  to  fput  it  off: 

And  "desolation  shall  come  upon  thee  suddenly,  which  thou  shalt 
^^  Stand  now  with  thine  enchantments,  [not  know. 

And  with  the  multitude  of  thy  sorceries. 

Wherein  thou  hast  labored  from  thy  youth ; 

If  so  be  thou  shalt  be  able  to  profit, 

If  so  be  thou  mayest  prevail. 
^^  Thou  art  wearied  in  the  multitude  of  thy  counsels. 

Let  now  the  tastrologers,  the  stargazers, 

*The  monthly  prognosticators, 

Stand  up,  and  save  thee 

From  these  things  that  shall  come  upon  thee. 
"  Behold,  they  shall  be  ''as  stubble  ; 

The  fire  shall  burn  them  ; 

They  shall  not  deliver  tthemselves  from  the  power  of  the  flame: 

There  shall  not  be  a  coal  to  warm  at, 

Nor  fire  to  sit  before  it. 
^^  Thus  shall  they  be  unto  thee  with  whom  thou  hast  labored. 

Even  Hhy  merchants,  from  thy  youth  : 

They  shall  wander  every  one  to  his  quarter  ; 

None  shall  save  thee. 


SECT.  xvni. 

A.  M.  3294  to 

3305. 
B.  C.  710  to 


b  Mir.  3.  11.  Ro. 
2.  17. 

c  Is.  41.  22.  &  42. 
9.  &  43.  9.  &  44. 
7,  8.  &.  45.  21. 
&  46.  9,  10 

d  Jos.  21.  45. 

♦  Heb.  hard. 

Section  XVIII. — Isaiah  reproves  the  Israelites  for  their  Idolatry. 

Isaiah  xlviii. 

God,  to  convince  the  people  of  their  for  eknoicn  obstinacy,  revealed  his  prophecies.     9  He  saveth  them 

for  his   own  sake.     12  He  e.rhorieth  them  to  obedience,  because  of  his  poicer  and  providence 

16  He  lamentetli  tlieir  backwardness.     20  He  powerfully  delivereth  his  people  out  of  Babylon. 

^  Hear  ye  this,  O  house  of  Jacob  ! 

Which  are  called  by  the  name  of  Israel, 

And  are  come  forth  out  of  the  waters  of  Judah, 

Which  "swear  by  the  name  of  the  Lord, 

And  make  mention  of  the  God  of  Israel, 

But  not  in  truth,  nor  in  righteousness. 
2  For  they  call  themselves  of  the  Holy  City. 

And  'stay  themselves  upon  the  God  of  Israel ; 

The  Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name. 
**  I  '^have  declared  the  former  things  from  the  beginning ; 

And  they  went  forth  out  of  my  mouth — and  I  showed  them  ; 

I  did  them  suddenly — and  ''they  came  to  pass. 
^  Because  I  knew  that  thou  art  ^obstinate. 

And  'thy  neck  is  an  iron  sinew. 

And  thy  brow  brass  ; 
^  I  have  even  from  the  beginning  declared  it  to  thee  ; 

Before  it  came  to  pass  I  showed  it  thee  : 

Lest  thou  shouldest  say,  Mine  idol  hath  done  them, 

And  my  graven  image,  and  my  molten  image,  hath  commanded 
^  Thou  hast  heard  (see  I)  all  this  ;  [them. 

And  will  not  ye  declare  it  ? 


k  De.  39.  39. 
I  Re.  1.  17.  &  22 


FOR  THEIR  IDOLATRY.  801 

I  have  showed  thee  new  things  from  this  time, 
Even  hidden  things,  and  thou  didst  not  know  them. 
'  They  are  created  now,  and  not  from  the  begummg ; 
Even  before  the  day  when  thou  heardest  them  not ; 
Lest  thou  shouldest  say,  Behold,  I  knew  them. 
8  Yea,  thou  heardest  not ;  yea,  thou  knewest  not ; 
Yea'  from  that  time  that  thine  ear  was  not  opened : 
For  I  knew  that  thou  wouldest  deal  very  treacherously, 
/Ps.58  3.  And  wast  called  -^a  transgressor  from  the  womb. 

^ps.79.9.  Ez.      9  For  ^my  name's  sake  "will  I  defer  mme  anger, 
ni.^'XS'^^'       And  for  my  praise  will  I  refrain  for  thee, 

That  I  cut  thee  not  off. 
iPs.66. 10.         10  Behold   1  have  refined  thee— but  not  twith  silver  ; 
^?:dZtt%L        I  have  chosen  thee  in  the  furnace  of  affliction. 
22.  11  For  mine  own  sake,  even  for  mine  own  sake,  will  1  do  it : 

j  See  De.  32. 26,        Por  ^how  should  my  name  be  polluted  ? 
27.  Ez.  20. 9.  ^^^^  J  ^.jj  ^^^^  g. ^g  j^y  gjQj.y  ^^j^to  another. 

12  Hearken  unto  me,  O  Jacob, 
And  Israel,  my  called  ! 

I  *am  He— I  am  'The  First,  I  also  am  The  Last. 
j3  -  My  hand  also  hath  laid  the  foundation  of  the  earth, 

XOt,thevaimof       And  tmy  right  hand  hath  spanned  the  heavens  : 
mtearl        When  I  call  unto  them— they  stand  up  together. 
I''  All  ye,  assemble  yourselves,  and  hear ! 

Which  among  them  hath  declared  these  things  ? 
mis. 44. 28.  The  LoKD  hath  loved  him  :  "'he  will  do  his  pleasure  on  Babylon, 

And  his  arm  shall  be  on  the  Chaldeans. 
15  I   even  I,  have  spoken — yea,  I  have  called  him  : 

I  have  brought  him,  and  he  shall  make  his  way  prosperous. 

i*^  Come  ye  near  unto  me,  hear  ye  this ! 
I  have  not  spoken  in  secret  from  the  beginning ; 
From  the  time  that  it  was — there  am  I : 
„  I..  61. 1.  Zee.        And  now  "the  Lord  God,  and  his  Spirit,  hath  sent  me. 
2.  8,  9,  11.  17  ^j^^g  g^.^j^  ^l^g  L^j^P^ 

Thy  Redeemer,  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  ; 
I  am  the  Lord  thy  God  which  teacheth  thee  to  profit, 
Which  leadeth  thee  by  the  way  that  thou  shouldest  go. 
0  De.  32. 29.        18  Q  "that  Uiou  hadst  hearkened  to  my  commandments  . 
Then  had  thy  peace  been  as  a  river, 
And  thy  righteousness  as  the  waves  of  the  sea : 
pGe.22. 17.  Ho.  19  Thy  ''sced  also  had  been  as  the  sand, 
'•  '"■  And  the  offspring  of  thy  bowels  like  the  gravel  thereof ; 

His  name  should  not  have  been  cut  off  nor  destroyed  from  before  me 
9  Is.  52. 11.  Je.  20  Qq  ?ye  forth  of  Babylon, 

4°:  let  2.'-6f'7.        Flee  ye  from  the  Chaldeans,  with  a  voice  of  singing, 
^'•'^•''-  Declare  ye,  tell  this. 

Utter  it  even  to  the  end  of  the  earth  :  say  ye, — 
The  Lord  hath  redeemed  his  servant  Jacob. 
See  Is.  41. 17,        21  And  they  "thirsted  not  when  he  led  them  through  the  deserts  ; 


.  Ex.  17. 6.  Nu.  He  ^caused  the  waters  to  flow  out  of  the  rock  lor  them 


18. 
._c.l7.  6.  Nu.  j-xc     v.auc:.v.vA   i,..v.    -.v 

20. 11.  jjg  (.lave  the  rock  also— and  the  waters  gushed  out 


22  There  is  no  peace,  saith  the  Lord,  unto  the  wicked. 
101 


802 


THE  MESSIAH'S  ADDRESS  TO  HIS  PEOPLE. 


[Period  VI. 


A.  M.  3294  to 

3305. 
B.  C.  710  to 


a  Je.  1  5.  Mat.  1. 

2), -11.  Lu.  1. 

15,31.  Jo.  10. 

3..  Gal.  1.  15. 
A  Is.  Ii.4.  &51. 

in.  Ilo.  G.  5. 

He.  -1.  12.  Re.  1. 

IG. 


efs.  44.  23.  John 
13.  31.  &.  15.  8. 
Eph.  1.  6. 


t  Or,  TTial  Israel 
may  be  gathered 
to  A»n,  and  I 
rtiuy,  ^c. 

d  iMat.  23.  37. 

X  Or,  .^rl  thou 
lighter  than  that 
thou,  slwuldest, 
ire. 

*  Or,  desolations. 

e  Is.  42.  6.  &.  i;0. 
3.  Lii.  2.32.  Ac. 
J3.  47.  ^  2j.  18. 


t  Or,  tluit  is  de- 
spised ill  soul. 
Is.  53.  3.   .Mat. 


fPa.  7J.  10,  11. 


g  See  Ps 
2  Co.  li. 

.  69. 
2. 

13. 

J  Or,: 

rai. 

,e  up. 

A  Z.x. 

9. 

12. 

jPs.  121.6. 
ft  Ps.  23.  2. 


Section    XIX. —  The  Messiah,  through  Isaiah,  addresses  his  People. 

Isaiah  xlix. 

Christ,  being  sent  to  the  Jeios,  complaineth  of  them.  5  He  is  sent  to  the  Gentiles  luith  gracious 
promises.  1,3  God's  love  is  perpetual  to  his  Church.  18  The  ample  restoration  of  the  Church. 
M  The  powerful  deliverance  out  of  captivitij. 

^  Listen,  O  isles,  unto  me  ! 

And  hearken,  ye  people,  from  far  ! 

The  "Lord  hath  called  me  from  tiie  womb  ; 

From  the  bowels  of  my  mother  hath  he  made  mention  of  my  name. 
2  And  he  hath  made  ''my  mouth  like  a  sharp  sword  ; 

In  the  shadow  of  his  hand  hath  he  hid  me, 

And  made  me  a  polished  shaft; 

In  his  quiver  hath  he  hid  me  ; 
^  And  said  unto  me,  "  Thou  art  my  servant, 

0  Israel,  '^in  whom  I  will  be  glorified." 
^  Then  I  said,  "  I  have  labored  in  vain, 

1  have  spent  my  strength  for  nought,  and  in  vain  : 
Yet  surely  my  judgment  is  with  the  Lord, 

And  my  *work  with  my  God." 
^  And  now,  saith  the  Lord 

That  formed  me  from  the  womb  to  be  his  servant, 

To  bring  Jacob  again  to  him, 

tThough  Israel  ''be  not  gathered, 

Yet  shall  I  be  glorious  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord, 

And  my  God  shall  be  my  strength. 
6  And  he  said,  "  tit  is  a  light  thing  that  thou  shouldest  be  my  servant, 

To  raise  up  the  tribes  of  Jacob, 

And  to  restore  the  *preserved  of  Israel : 

I  will  also  give  thee  for  'a  light  to  the  Gentiles, 

That  thou  mayest  be  my  salvation  unto  the  end  of  the  earth." 
"  Thus  saith  tlie  Lord, 

The  Redeemer  of  Israel,  and  his  Holy  One, 

To  him  fwhom  man  despiseth,  to  him  whom  the  nation  abhorreth, 

To  a  servant  of  rulers, 

"  Kings  -^shail  see  and  arise. 

Princes  also  shall  worship, 

Because  of  the  Lord  that  is  faithful. 

And  tlie  Holy  One  of  Israel,  and  he  shall  choose  thee." 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

"  In  ^an  acceptable  time  have  I  heard  thee, 

And  in  a  day  of  salvation  have  I  helped  thee: 

And  I  will  preserve  thee,  and  give  thee  for  a  covenant  of  the  people, 

To  testablisli  the  earth,  to  cause  to  inherit  the  desolate  heritages; 
^  That  thou  mayest  say  ''to  the  prisoners.  Go  forth  ! 

To  tliern  that  are  in  darkness.  Show  yourselves ! 

They  shall  feed  in  the  ways, 

And  their  pastures  shall  be  in  all  high  places. 
^°  They  shall  not  'hunger  nor  thirst ; 

Neither  ^sliall  tfie  heat  nor  sun  smite  them  : 

For  He  that  Iiath  mercy  on  them  *shall  lead  them, 

Even  by  the  s])rings  of  water  shall  He  guide  them. 
^^  And  I  will  make  all  my  mountains  a  way, 

And  my  highways  shall  be  e.xalted. 
12  Behold,  these  shall  come  from  far  ! 

And,  lo,  these  from  the  north  and  from  the  west! 

And  these  from  the  land  of  Sinim  !  " 


Part  XIII.] 


THE  MESSIAH'S  ADDRESS  TO  HIS  PEOPLE. 


803 


I  See  Pa.  103,  13. 
Mai.  3.  17.  Mat. 
7.  11. 

*  Heb.  From 
having  compas- 
sion. 

m  Ro.  11.  29. 

n  See  Ex.  13.  9. 
Cant.  8.  6. 


p  See  Is.  54.  1,  2. 
Zee.  2.  4.  &.  10. 


a  Mat.  3.  9.  Ro. 
11.  11,  &c. 


f  Heb.  bosom. 

J  Heb.  nourish- 
*  Heb.  princesses. 


r  Ps.  34.  22.  Ro. 
5.  5.  &  9.  33.  & 
10.11. 

s  Mat.  12.  29. 
Lu.  11.21,22. 

t  Heb.  the  captiv- 
ity of  the  juat. 

a  This  verse 
seems  to  be  a 
response  put 
into  the  mouths 
of  the  doubting 
Israelites. — Ed. 

\  Heb.  captivity. 

t  Re.  14.  20.  & 
16.6. 

*  Or,  new  wine. 


13  Sing,  O  heavens  !  and  be  joyful,  O  earth  ! 
And  break  forth  into  singing,  O  mountains  1 
For  the  Lord  hath  comforted  his  people, 
And  will  have  mercy  upon  his  afflicted. 

I''  But  Zion  said,  "  The  Lord  hath  forsaken  me, 
And  my  Lord  hath  forgotten  me." 

15  "  Can  'a  woman  forget  her  sucking  child, 

*That  she  should  not  have  compassion  on  the  son  of  her  womb? 
Yea,  they  may  forget— yet  '"will  I  not  forget  thee. 

16  Behold,  "I  have  graven  thee  upon  the  palms  of  my  hands ; 
Thy  walls  are  continually  before  me. 

1^  Thy  children  shall  make  haste  ; 

Thy  destroyers  and  they  that  made  thee  waste  shall  go  forth  of  thee. 

18  Lift  up  thine  eyes  round  about,  and  behold  : 

All  these  gather  themselves  together,  and  come  to  thee. 

As  I  live,"  saith  the  Lord, 

"  Thou  shalt  surely  clothe  thee  with  them  all,  "as  with  an  ornament, 

And  bind  them  on  thee,  as  a  bride  doeth. 

19  For  thy  waste  and  thy  desolate  places,  and  the  land  of  thy  destruction, 
Shall  'even  now  be  too  narrow  by  reason  of  the  inhabitants, 

And  they  that  swallowed  thee  up  shall  be  far  away. 

20  The  chiMren  which  thou  shalt  have,  'after  thou  hast  lost  the  other, 
Shall  say  again  in  thine  ears,  The  place  is  too  strait  for  me : 

Give  place  to  me  that  I  may  dwell. 

21  Then  shalt  thou  say  in  thy  heart. 

Who  hath  begotten  me  these,  seeing  1  have  lost  my  children,  and 

am  desolate, 
A    captive,   and   removing   to  and    fro?    and    who    hath  brought 

up   these  ? 
Behold,  I  was  left  alone  ;  these— where  had  they  been  ?  " 

22  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
"  Behold,  I  will  lift  up  my  hand  to  the  Gentiles, 
And  set  up  my  standard  to  the  people  : 
And  they  shall  bring  thy  sons  in  their  farms. 
And  thy  daughters  shall  be  carried  upon  their  shoulders. 
23  And  kings  shall  be  thy  tnursing-fathers, 
And  their  *queens  thy  nursing-mothers  : 

They  shall  bow  down  to  thee  with  their  face  toward  the  earth, 
And  lick  up  the  dust  of  thy  feet ; 
And  thou  shalt  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  : 
For  'they  shall  not  be  ashamed  that  wait  for  me." 

24  "  Shall  'the  prey  be  taken  from  the  mighty. 
Or  tthe  lawful  captive  delivered  ?  "^ 

25  But  thus  saith  the  Lord, 

"  Even  the  tcaptives  of  the  mighty  shall  be  taken  away. 
And  the  prey  of  the  terrible  shall  be  delivered ; 
For  I  will  contend  with  him  that  contendeth  with  thee, 
And  I  will  save  thy  children. 

26  And  I  will  feed  them  that  oppress  thee  with  their  own  flesh ; 

And  they  shall  be  drunken  with  their  own  'blood,  as  with  *sweet  wine  : 

And  all  flesh  shall  know 

That  I  the  Lord  am  thy  Saviour 

And  thy  Redeemer,  the  Mighty  One  of  Jacob." 


804  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  REJECTION  OF  CHRIST.         [Period  VI. 


3305. 
C.  710  to 


SECT.  XX.  Section  XX. — Isaiah's  Prophrcij  of  the  Rejection  of  Christ,  and  the 

A.  M.  3294  (0  etuntual  Exaltation  of  his  Church. 

Isaiah  1.,  li.  and  lii.  1-12. 
Christ  shoiceth  that  the  dereliction  of  the  Jews  is  not  to  be  imputed  to  him,  by  his  ability  to  save,  5  by 

his  obedience  in  that  work,  7  attd  by  his  confidence  in  that  assistance.     10  An  exhortation  to  trust 

in  God,  and  not  in  ourselves,  —  Cliap.  li.  I  and  after  the  pattern  of  Abraham,  to  trust  in  Christ, 
3  by  reason  of  his  comfortable  promises,  4  of  his  riohteotts  salvation,  7  and  man's  mortality. 
9  Christ  by  his  sanctified  arm  defendeth  his  from  the  fear  of  man.  17  He  beicuileth  the  afflictions 
of  Jerusalem,  21  and  promiseth  deliverance.  —  Clmp.  lii.  1  Christ  persuadeth  the  Church  to  be- 
lieve his  free  redemption,  1  lo  receive  the  ministers  thereof,  9  to  joy  in  the  power  thereof,  11  and 
to  free  themselves  from  bondage. 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
aDe.2i.  1.  Where  is  "the  bill  of  your  mother's  divorcement, 

Whom  I  have  put  away  ? 
Mat.^iFas.'  ^'        ^^  which  of  my  'creditors  is  it  to  whom  I  have  sold  you  ? 

Behold,  for  your  iniquities  have  ye  sold  yourselves, 

And  for  your  transgressions  is  your  mother  put  away. 
^  Wherefore,  when  I  came,  was  there  no  man  ? 
'^^'■^•^■■'b.7.        When  'I  called,  was  there  none  to  answer? 
dNu.  11.23.  Is  ''my  hand  shortened  at  all,  that  it  cannot  redeem  ? 

Or  have  I  no  power  to  deliver  ? 
eEx.  14  21.  Behold,  at  my  rebuke  'I  dry  up  the  sea, 

/Jos.  3. 16.  I  /make  the  rivers  a  wilderness  : 

Their  fish  stinketh,  because  there  is  no  water, 

And  dieth  for  thirst. 
^  I  clothe  the  heavens  with  blackness. 

And  I  make  sackcloth  their  covering. 

"*  The  Lord  God  hath  given  me  the  tongue  of  the  learned. 

That  I  should  know  how  to  speak  a  word  in  season  to  him  that  is 

He  wakeneth  morning  by  morning,  [weary  : 

He  wakeneth  mine  ear 

To  hear  as  the  learned. 
^  The  Lord  God  hath  opened  mine  ear, 
^  Mat.  26. 39.  Jo.       And  I  was  not  "rebellious, 
8  He."  10. 5,  &c.       Neither  turned  away  back. 

I  ''gave  my  back  to  the  smiters. 

And  'my  cheeks  to  them  that  plucked  off  the  hair : 
t  i.a.  a.  w.  I  i^i J  ,^Qt  „^y  f^^,g  f^.Q^^  shame  and  spitting. 

''  For  the  Lord  God  will  help  me  ; 

Therefore  shall  I  not  be  confounded  : 

Therefore  have  I  set  my  face  like  a  flint, 

And  I  know  that  I  shall  not  be  ashamed. 
'■  ^°-  ^-  =®-3^-        ^  He  ^is  near  that  justifieth  me  ; 

Who  will  contend  with  me  ? — let  us  stand  together  : 
*Smy  ctLT'^       ^'^o  '^  *"""e  adversary  ?— let  him  come  near  to  me. 
^  Behold  !  the  Lord  God  will  help  me  ; 

Who  is  he  that  shall  condemn  me  ? 

Lo !  they  all  shall  wax  old  as  a  garment ; 

The  moth  shall  eat  them  up. 

^^  Who  is  among  you  that  feareth  the  Lord, 

That  obeycth  the  voice  of  his  servant, 

That  walkoth  in  darkness,  and  hath  no  light  ? 

Let  him  trust  in  the  name  of  the  Lord, 

And  stay  upon  his  God. 
^^  Behold,  all  ye  that  kindle  a  fire, 

That  compass  yourselves  about  with  sparks  : 

Walk  in  the  light  of  your  fire. 

And  in  the  sparks  that  ye  have  kindled, 
k  John  9. 19.  This  ^shall  ye  have  of  my  hand  ;  ye  shall  lie  down  in  sorrow. 


Part  XIIL]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  REJECTION  OF  CHRIST.  805 

I  Ro.  9. 30-30.  1  Hearken  to  me,  'ye  that  follow  after  righteousness,         Isa.ah  li. 

Ye  that  seek  the  Lord  : 
Look  unto  the  rock  whence  ye  are  hewn, 
And  to  the  hole  of  the  pit  whence  ye  are  digged  1 
"'ne^n  I'l^io      ^  Look  '"unto  Abraham  your  father, 

''    '    '  ~         And  unto  Sarah  that  bare  you  : 
nGe.  12. 1,2.  Yov  "I  Called  hiiii  alone, 

oGe.24.1,35.  ^ud  "blesscd  him,  and  increased  him. 

3  For  the  Lord  shall  comfort  Zion  : 
He  will  comfort  all  her  waste  places  ; 
And  he  will  make  her  wilderness  like  Eden, 
And  her  desert  'like  the  garden  of  the  Lord  ; 
Joy  and  gladness  shall  be  found  therein. 
Thanksgiving,  and  the  voice  of  melody. 

4  Hearken  unto  me,  my  people ! 
And  give  ear  unto  me,  O  my  nation  ! 

For  a  law  shall  proceed  from  me,  v  , .    r  .1  u 

And  I  will  make  my  judgment  to  rest  for  a  light  of    he  people. 
5R0. 1. 16,17.       5  My  'righteousness  is  near  ;  my  salvation  is  gone  lorth  ; 
And  mine  arms  shall  judge  the  people  ; 
The  isles  shall  wait  upon  me, 
r  Ro.  1. 16.  ^,-,^1  --Qn  mine  arm  shall  they  trust. 

6  Lift  up  your  eyes  to  the  heavens, 
And  look  upon  the  earth  beneath  ; 
sPs.  102.96.  For  'the  heavens  shall  vanish  away  like  smoke, 

2Pe."3"!'iori2.         And  the  earth  shall  wax  old  like  a  garment, 
1 1..  50. 9.  ^j^^  ^j^gy  tl^j^^  (l.^ell  therein  shall  die  in  like  manner  ; 

But  my  salvation  shall  be  for  ever. 
And  my  righteousness  shall  not  be  abolished. 
■7  Hearken  unto  me,  ye  that  know  righteousness, 
The  people  in  whose  heart  is  my  law  ! 
"Mat  10.28.  Yesir  "ye  not  the  reproach  of  men, 

"■  ■    ■  Neither  be  ye  afraid  of  their  revilings. 

8  For  the  moth  shall  eat  them  up  like  a  garment, 
And  the  worm  shall  eat  them  like  wool ; 
But  my  righteousness  shall  be  for  ever. 
And  my  salvation  from  generation  to  generation. 

9  Awake  !  awake  !  put  on  strength,  O  arm  of  the  Lord  1 
Awake,  as  in  the  ancient  days,  in  the  generations  ol  old  . 
Art  thou  not  it  that  hath  cut  R.ahab, 
And  wounded  the  dragon  ? 
e  Ex.  14. 21.        10  Art  thou  not  it  which  hath  "dried  the  sea. 
The  waters  of  the  great  deep ; 

That  hath  made  the  depths  of  the  sea  a  way  for  the  ransomed  to 
11  Therefore  the  redeemed  of  the  Lord  shall  return,  [pass  over  i 

And  come  with  singing  unto  Zion  ; 
And  everlasting  joy  shall  be  upon  their  head  : 
They  shall  obtain  gladness  and  joy  ; 
And  sorrow  and  mourning  shall  flee  away. 
«2Co.i.3.        12  I   even  I,  am  he  "that  comforteth  you  : 

Who  art  thou,  that  thou  shouldest  be  afraid  of  a  man  that  shall  die, 
xi  Pe.  1.24.  And  of  the  son  of  man  which  shall  be  made  ^as  grass  ; 

13  And  forgettest  the  Lord  thy  Maker, 
J,  See  Ge.  1. 1.  That  '"'hath  stretched  forth  the  heavens, 

And  laid  the  foundations  of  the  earth  ; 
And  hast  feared  continually  every  day 
Because  of  the  fury  of  the  oppressor. 


806 


T  Or,  made  himself 
ready. 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  REJECTION  OF  CHRIST.     [Period  VI 


I  See  Ex.  14.  21. 


a  De.  18.  18.  Is. 
59.  21.  Jo.  3.  34 


b  2  Pe.  3.  13.  Re 


c  See  Job  21.  20. 

dSee  De.  28.  28, 
34.  Ps.  60.  3. 
Ez.  23.  32-34. 
Zee.  J3.  2.  Re. 


X  lleb.  Iiappened.     19 


lleb.  brealdntr. 


e  Je.  25.  17,  2f;, 
28.  Ze.  12.  2. 


/Neh.  n.  1. 


Mat. 
21.2. 


g  Zee.  2.  7 


«  Ez.  36.  20,  23. 
Ro.  2.  24. 


As  if  he  tvvere  ready  to  destroy  ? 
And  where  is  the  fury  of  the  oppressor  ? 
^■^  The  captive  exile  hasteneth  that  lie  may  be  loosed, 
And  that  he  should  not  die  in  tiie  pit, 
Nor  that  his  bread  should  fail. 
^^  But  I  am  the  Lord  thy  God, 

That  'divided  the  sea,  whose  waves  roared : 
The  Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name 
^*^  And  "I  have  put  my  words  in  thy  mouth, 

And  have  covered  thee  in  the  shadow  of  my  hand, 

That  ''I  may  plant  the  heavens,  and  lay  the  foundations  of  the  earth, 

And  say  unto  Zion,  Thou  art  my  people. 

^■^  Awake,  awake,  stand  up,  O  Jerusalem, 
Which  'hast  drunk  at  the  hand  of  the  Lord  the  cup  of  his  fury  ! 
Thou  ''hast  drunken  the  dregs  of  the  cup  of  trembling. 
And  wrung  them  out. 
^^  There  is  none  to  guide  her 

Among  all  the  sons  whom  she  hath  brought  forth  ; 
Neither  is  there  any  that  taketh  her  by  the  hand 
Of  all  the  sons  that  she  hath  brought  up. 
These  two  things  tare  come  unto  thee — 
Who  shall  be  sorry  for  thee  ? 

Desolation,  and  *destruction,  and  the  famine,  and  the  sword  : 
By  whom  shall  I  comfort  thee  ? 
^"  Thy  sons  have  fainted, 

They  lie  at  the  head  of  all  the  streets,  as  a  wild  bull  in  a  net : 
They  are  full  of  the  fury  of  the  Lord, 
The  rebuke  of  thy  God. 

^^  Therefore  hear  now  this,  thou  afflicted. 
And  drunken — but  not  with  wine  : 

22  Thus  saith  thy  Lord  the  Lord, 

And  thy  God  that  pleadeth  the  cause  of  his  people. 
Behold,  I  have  taken  out  of  thy  hand  the  cup  of  trembling, 
Even  the  dregs  of  the  cup  of  my  fury  ; 
Thou  shalt  no  more  drink  it  again. 

23  But  'I  will  put  it  into  the  hand  of  them  that  afflict  thee  ; 
Which  have  said  to  thy  soul,  "  Bow  down,  that  we  may  go  over ; 
And  thou  hast  laid  thy  body  as  the  ground 

And  as  the  street,  to  them  that  went  over." 

^  Awake,  awake  ;  put  on  thy  strength,  O  Zion  !  Isaiah  lii. 

Put  on  thy  beautiful  garments,  O  Jerusalem,  ^the  holy  city  !    1-12- 

For  henceforth  there  shall  no  more  come  into  thee 

The  uncircumcised  and  the  unclean. 
~  Shake  thyself  from  the  dust  ! 

Arise,  and  sit  down,  O  Jerusalem  ! 

Loose  "thyself  from  the  bands  of  thy  neck, 

O  captive  daughter  of  Zion  ! 
^  ^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord, 

Ye  have  sold  yourselves  for  nought ; 

And  ye  shall  be  redeemed  without  money. 
'*  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

My  people  went  down  aforetime  into  ''Egypt  to  sojourn  there ; 

And  the  Assyrian  oppressed  them  without  cause. 
^  Now  therefore,  what  have  I  here,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  my  people  is  taken  away  for  nought  ? 

They  that  rule  over  them  make  them  to  howl,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

And  my  name  continually  every  day  'is  blasphemed. 


Pakt  XIII.]  ISAIAH  PREDICTS  THE  HUMILIATION  OF  CHRIST.  807 

6  Therefore  my  people  shall  know  my  name  :         ^     ,       ^     ,  , 

Therefore  they  shall  know  in  that  day  that  I  am  He  that  doth  speak— 
Behold,  it  is  I ! 
jNah.  1. 15.  Ro.  7  fjo^y  ^beautiful  upon  the  mountains 

'"■  ''■  Are  the  feet  of  him  that  bringeth  good  tidings,  that  publisheth  peace  ; 

That  brincreth  good  tidings  of  good,  that  publisheth  salvation ; 
That  saith  unto  Zion,  Thy  God  reigneth  ! 

8  Thy  watchmen  shall  lift  up  the  voice  ; 
With  the  voice  together  shall  they  sing : 
For  they  shall  see  eye  to  eye, 

When  the  Lord  shall  bring  again  Zion. 

9  Break  forth  into  joy,  sing  together, 
Ye  waste  places  of  Jerusalem  ! 

For  the  Lord  hath  comforted  his  people, 
He  hath  redeemed  Jerusalem. 
10  The  Lord  hath  made  bare  his  holy  arm  in  the  eyes  of  all  the  nations  ; 
7.LU.3.6.  ^n^l  ^all  the  ends  of  the  earth  shall  see  the  salvation  of  our  God. 

zje.50. 8.  &51.  11  Depart  've,  depart  ye,  go  ye  out  from  thence, 

fi,  45.  Zee.  2. 6,  A  "  ,  ,  .         , 

i.  2  Co.  G.  17.         Touch  no  unclean  thing  1 

Go  ye  out  of  the  midst  of  her ! 
Be  ye  clean,  that  bear  the  vessels  of  the  Lord  ! 
12  For  '"ve  shall  not  go  out  with  haste,  nor  go  by  flight : 
Ex.  14. 19.  por  "the  Lord  will  go  before  you  ; 

tHeb.  .atkervor.       ^^^  „^j^^  ^^^  ^^  j^^.^^j  ^^.^,1  ^^^  y^yj.  reicward. 


Re.  18 
m  See  Ex.  12.  33 

39. 
n  Mic.  2.  13. 
0  Nu.  10.  2: 


Section  XXI.— /sf«"a/«  predicts  the  Humiliation,  Sufferings,  and  Exalta- 
tion of  Christ. 
^y?^'*  '"  Isaiah  lii.  13,  to  the  end,  and  liii. 

C-  710  to       Christ's  kingdom  shall  be  exalted. -Ch^p.  liii.    The  prophet  complaining  of  incredulity  excuseth 
^  the  sclindal  of  the  cross,  4  by  the  benefit  of  his  passion,  10  and  the  good  success  the,  eof 

13  Behold,  my  Servant  shall  *deal  prudently, 

He  "shall  be  exalted  and  extolled,  and  be  very  high. 
a  Phil.  2. 9.         14  As  many  were  astonished  at  thee  ; 

(His  visage  was  so  marred  more  than  any  man, 

And  his  form  more  than  the  sons  of  men  ;) 
*2^33^ af  9 Is"  ^^  So  'shall  he  sprinkle  many  nations; 
14.  ■    "•  •    '       rpj^g  j.jj-|gg  gj^^ij  gj^yj  ti^gii.  mouths  at  him  : 
cRo.i5.2i.&  Yor  that  'which  had  not  been  told  them  shall  they  see; 

16.^2o,  26.  Eph.  ^^^^  ^^^^^   ^^j^.^j^   ^j^^^   j^_^^^   ^^^^  j^^^^.^   ^j^^jj  ^j^gy  ^.Q^gi^ 

rf  Jo.  12. 38.  Ro.  1  ^i^Q  dj^ath  believed  our  treport? 

^^oulctrine.  And  to  whom  is  'the  arm  of  the  Lord  revealed  ? 

eRo'h'iTTco.  ^  For  he  shall  grow  up  before  him  as  a  tender  plant 
'i°'8."    ■       '       And  as  a  root  out  of  a  dry  ground 


SECT.    XXI. 


*  Or,  prosper. 
Is.  53.  10.  Je 
23.5. 


ler. 

Isaiah  lib. 


f  Ma.  9.  12. 


He  ^hath  no  form  nor  comeliness ;  and  when  we  shall  see  him, 

There  is  no  beauty  that  we  should  desire  him. 
3  He  is  despised  and  rejected  of  men ; 
g  He.  4. 15.  A  man  of  sorrows,  and  "acquainted  with  grief : 

I  Or,  i,e  hid  as  it        And  twc  hid  as  it  were  our  faces  from  him  ; 

He  was  despised,  and  ''we  esteemed  him  not. 

Surely  'he  hath  borne  our  griefs. 


wrre  his  fiice 
from  us.  Heb.  as 
a  hidiiia-  of  faces 
from  him,  or, 


/7r"f,n  ,,         And  carried  our  sorrows 


h  John  1.  10,  11 
i  Mat.  8. 


9.  28.  1  Pe.  2 
24. 


He.        Yet  we  did  esteem  him  stricken, 


j^.  Smitten  of  God,  and  afflicted. 

Or,  tormented.  5  gy^  ^^  was  *wounded  for  our  transgressions, 

Ho.  4.  25.  1  Co.  '         t    n  •     ■         *A* 

15. 3. 1  Pe.  3.  He  was  bruised  for  our  iniquities  ; 

'^'  The  chastisement  of  our  peace  was  upon  him 

^"pe'2'24'''  And  with  his  fstripes  we  are  healed. 


808 


jPs.  119.  176. 
1  Pe.  2.  25. 

X  Heb.  hath  made 
the  iniquities  of 
M<  all  to  meet  on 

mm. 

k  Mia.  26.  63. 

&.  -27.  J2,  14. 

1  Pe.  2.  23. 
I  Ac.  8.  32. 


I  Or,  aicay  by 
(listrcus  and 
judirmcnt :  hut, 

TO  Da.  9.  26. 
*  lleb.  was  Uie 

stroke  upon  him. 
n  Mat.  27.  57,  58, 

liO. 
t  Heb.  deaths. 


X  Or,  When  his 
soul  shall  make 
an  offering. 

p  2  Co.  5.  21. 

1  Pe.  2.  24. 
g  Ro.  6.  9. 

r  Epli.  1.  5,  9. 

2  Thes.  1.11. 
sJo.  17.3.  2  Pe. 

1.3. 
t  1  Jo.  2.  1. 
u  Ro.  5.  18,  19. 
V  Phil.  2.  9. 
jc  Col.  2.  15. 
X  .Ma.  15.  28.  Lu. 

22.37. 
y  Lu.  23.  34.  Ro. 

8.  34.   He.  7.  25. 

&  9.  24.  1  Jo.  2. 

1. 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  TRIUMPH  OF  THE  CHURCH.     [Period  VI. 

^  All  ^\vc  like  sheep  have  gone  astray  ; 

We  have  turned  every  one  to  his  own  way  ; 

And  the  Lord  thath  laid  on  Him  the  iniquity  of  us  all. 
'  He  was  oppressed,  and  he  was  afflicted — 

Yet  ''he  opened  not  his  mouth  : 

He  'is  brought  as  a  lamb  to  the  slaughter, 

And  as  a  sheep  before  her  shearers  is  dumb — 

So  he  opened  not  his  mouth. 
^  He  was  taken  tfrom  prison  and  from  judgment  : 

And  who  shall  declare  his  generation  ? 

For  ""he  was  cut  off  out  of  the  land  of  the  living : 

For  the  transgression  of  my  people  *was  he  stricken. 
^  And  "he  made  his  grave  with  the  wicked. 

And  with  the  rich  in  his  Meath  ; 

Because  he  had  done  no  violence. 

Neither  was  any  "deceit  in  his  mouth, 
^^  Yet  it  pleased  the  Lord  to  bruise  him  ; 

He  hath  put  him  to  grief : 

tWhen  thou  siialt  make  his  soul  'an  offering  for  sin, 

He  shall  see  his  seed,  'he  shall  prolong  his  days. 

And  '^the  pleasure  of  the  Lord  shall  prosper  in  his  hand. 
^'  He  shall  see  of  the  travail  of  his  soul,  and  shall  be  satisfied : 

By  'his  knowledge  shall  'my  righteous  servant  "justify  many  ; 

For  he  shall  boar  tlieir  iniquities. 
^2  Therefore  "will  I  divide  him  a  portion  with  the  great. 

And  "he  shall  divide  the  spoil  with  the  strong  ; 

Because  he  hath  poured  out  his  soul  unto  death  : 

And  he  was  ""numbered  with  the  transgressors  ; 

And  he  bare  the  sin  of  many, 

And  ^made  intercession  for  the  transirressors. 


SECT.  XXII.    Section    XXII 


A.  M.  3294  to 

3305. 
B.  C.  710  to 


eZec.  14.  9.  Ro. 
3.29. 


IsaiaJt's    Prophecy   of  the   Enlargement    and   Triumph 
of  the    Church. 
Isaiah  liv. 
The  prophet,  for  the  comfort  of  the  Gentiles,  prophesieth  the  amplitude  of  their  Church,  4  their 
safely,  6  their  certain  deliverance  out   of  ajliction,  W  their  fair  edification,  \5  and  their  sure 


preservation. 

^  Sing,  "O  barren, 


thou  that  didst  not  bear ! 

Break  forth  into  singing,  and  cry  aloud,  thou  that  didst  not  travail 
with  child  ! 

For  ''more  are  the  children  of  the  desolate 

Than  the  children  of  the  married  wife,  saith  the  Lord. 
^  Enlarge  the  place  of  thy  tent. 

And  let  them  stretch  forth  the  curlains  of  thy  habitations  : 

Spare  not — lengthen  thy  cords,  and  strengthen  thy  stakes  ; 
^  For  thou  shalt  break  forth  on  the  right  hand  and  on  the  left ; 

And  'thy  seed  shall  inherit  the  Gentiles, 

And  make  the  desolate  cities  to  be  inhabited. 
^  Fear  not — for  tliou  shalt  not  be  ashamed  : 

Neither  be  thou  confounded — for  thou  shalt  not  be  put  to  shame  : 

For  thou  shalt  forget  the  shame  of  thy  youth, 

And  siialt  not  remember  the  reproach  of  thy  widowhood  any  more. 
^  For  thy  Maker  is  thy  husband  ; 

The  ''Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name  ; 

And  thy  Redeemer  the  Holy  One  of  Israel ; 

The  'God  of  the  whole  earth  shall  he  be  called.  [spirit, 

^  For  the  Lord  hatli  called  thee  as  a  woman  forsaken  and  grieved  in 

And  a  wife  of  youth,  when  thou  wast  refused,  saith  thy  God. 


Part  XIIL]  ISATAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BLESSINGS  OF  THE  GOSPEL.        809 

/2  Co.  4. 17.         7  For  /a  small  moment  have  I  forsaken  thee ; 

But  with  great  mercies  will  I  gather  thee. 
8  In  a  little  wrath  I  hid  my  face  from  thee  for  a  moment ; 

But  with  everlasting  kindness  will  I  have  mercy  on  thee, 

Saith  the  Lord  thy  Redeemer. 
^oe.8.Qi.&9.     9  YoY  tliis  is  as  the  waters  of  "Noah  unto  me : 

l'e^^e.1i.'35.         For  as  I  have  sworn  that  the  waters  of  Noah  should  no  more  go 
^''-  over  the  earth ;  ,    ,     .u 

So  have  I  sworn  that  I  would  not  be  wroth  with  thee,  nor  rebuke  thee. 
h  Ps.  46. 2.  Mat.    lo  Yov  "the  mouutains  shall  depart, 

And  the  hills  be  removed  ; 

But  my  kindness  shall  not  depart  from  thee, 

Neither  shall  the  covenant  of  my  peace  be  removed, 

Saith  the  Lord  that  hath  mercy  on  thee. 

11  O  thou  afflicted,  tossed  with  tempest,  and  not  comforted, 
i  I  ch.  29. 2.  Re.       Bchold,  I  wiU  lay  thy  stones  with  ^fair  colors, 

21. 18,  &c.  ^^j  j^^y  ^l^y  foundations  with  sapphires ! 

12  And  I  will  make  thy  windows  of  agates, 
And  thy  gates  of  carbuncles, 

And  all  thy  borders  of  pleasant  stones. 
jje.3i.34.jo.6.  13  And  all  thy  children  shall  be  naught  of  the  Lord  ; 

fThe?4^"9!"'        And  great  shall  be  the  peace  of  thy  children. 

1  Jo  2. 20.         j4  j^  righteousness  shalt  thou  be  established  : 

Thou  shalt  be  far  from  oppression— for  thou  shalt  not  fear  : 
And  from  terror — for  it  shall  not  come  near  thee. 

15  Behold,  they  shall  surely  gather  together— but  not  by  me : 
Whosoever  shall  gather  together  against  thee  shall  fall  for  thy  sake. 

16  Behold,  I  have  created  the  smith  that  bloweth  the  coals  in  the  tire. 
And  that  bringeth  forth  an  instrument  for  his  work  ; 

And  I  have  created  the  waster  to  destroy. 

17  No  weapon  that  is  formed  against  thee  shall  prosper  ; 

And  every  tongue  that  shall  rise  against  thee  in  judgment  thou  shalt 
This  is  the  herkage  of  the  servants  of  the  Lord,  [condemn. 

' And  their  righteousness  is  of  me,  saith  the  Lord. 

SECT.  xxni.    Section  XXllI.— Isaiah  prophesies  the  Fulness  and  Excellence  oftheBless- 

—  ings  of  the  Gospel. 
^'  ^ot"^  '"                                                           Isaiah  Iv.  and  Ivi.  1-8. 

B.  C.  rio  to       The  prophet,  with  the  promises  of  Christ,  calleth  to  faith,  6  and  to  repentance^     8  ^Vte  f  «PPy  f «^- 
(••99-  cess  of  them  that,  believe.  —  Chap.  Ivi.  1  He  exhorteth  to  sanctification.    3  He  promiseth  U  shall  be 

general,  without  respect  of  persons. 

a  Jo.  4. 14.  &  7.  1  Hq   "every  one  that  thirsteth,  come  ye  to  the  waters  ! 

&-i'i7.^'  ^'  And  he'  that  hath  no  money,  'come  ye,  buy,  and  eat ! 

*Maf  ■i3!"4f  46.  Yca,  comc,  buy  wine  and  milk  without  money  and  without  price ! 

Re.b.  18.  '    ■  2  Wherefore  do  ye  *spend  money  for  that  which  is  not  bread  ? 

*  Heb.  weigh.  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  ^,^^^  ^^j^-^,^    Satlsficth  UOt  ? 

Hearken  diligently  unto  me,  and  eat  ye  that  which  is  good. 

And  let  your  soul  delight  itself  in  fatness, 
c  Mat.  11. 28.        3  Incline  your  ear,  and  'come  unto  me  ! 

Hear,  and  your  soul  shall  live ! 

And  I  will  make  an  everlasting  covenant  with  you, 
d  Ac.  13.34.  Even  the  ''sure  mercies  of  David. 

Behold  !  I  have  given  him  for  'a  witness  to  the  people, 

A  •'leader  and  commander  to  the  people. 


e  Jo.  18.  37.  Re. 
1.  5. 


34. 23.  ^Ho.  3. 5.    5  ggi^Q],^  I   ^thou  shalt  Call  a  nation  that  thou  knowest  not 
^Eph.'2~.  11,12.        And  "nations  that  knew  not  thee  shall  run  unto  thee 


h  Ge.  49.  10.  I3, 
GO.  5. 
i  .\c.  3.  13 


Because  of  the  Lord  thy  God 
And  for  the  Holy  ~ 
VOL.  I.  102 


iiecause  oi  me  i^okd  my  vjvjvi, 

And  for  the  Holy  One  of  Israel ;  'for  he  hath  glorified  thee. 
3p* 


810 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  BLESSINGS  OF  THE  GOSPEL.     [Px:riod  VI. 


j  Ps.  32.  6.  Mai. 

5.  25.  &  25.  11. 

Jo.  7.  34.  &  8. 

21.  2  Co.  6.  1,2. 

He.  3.  13. 
f  Heb.  the  man 

of  imquity. 

X  Heb.  multiply 
tu  pardon. 


*  Or,  ejuily. 

I  -Mat.  3.  2.  &  4. 
17.  Ro.  13.  11, 
12. 


m  See  De.  23.  I- 
3.  Ac.  8.  27.  & 
10.  1,2,  34.  & 
17.  4.  &  18.  7. 
1  Pe.  1.  1. 


n  3  Ti.  3.  15. 
0  Jo.  1.  12.  1  Jo. 


pi  Pe.  1.  1,2. 


oRo.  12.  l.He. 
13.  15.  1  Pe.  2. 


r  Mnt.  21.  13, 
s  Mai.  1.  11, 


''  Seek  ^ye  the  Lord  while  he  may  be  found. 

Call  ye  upon  him  while  he  is  near  : 
'''  Let  the  wicked  forsake  his  way, 

And  Tthe  unrighteous  man  his  thoughts  : 

And  let  him  return  unto  the  Lord,  and  he  will  have  mercy  upon  him; 

And  to  our  God,  for  he  will  ^abundantly  pardon. 
®  For  *my  thoughts  are  not  your  thoughts, 

Neither  are  your  ways  my  ways,  saith  the  Lord. 
^  For  as  the  heavens  are  higher  than  the  earth, 

So  are  my  ways  higher  than  your  ways, 

And  my  thoughts  than  your  thoughts. 

^^  For  as  the  rain  cometh  down,  and  the  snow  from  heaven, 

And  returneth  not  thither, 

But  watereth  the  earth, 

And  maketh  it  bring  forth  and  bud, 

That  it  may  give  seed  to  the  sower,  and  bread  to  the  eater  ; 
^^  So  shall  my  word  be  that  goeth  forth  out  of  my  mouth  : 

It  shall  not  return  unto  me  void, 

But  it  shall  accomplish  that  which  I  please, 

And  it  shall  prosper  in  the  thing  whereto  I  sent  it. 
^2  For  ye  shall  go  out  with  joy, 

And  be  led  forth  with  peace  : 

The  mountains  and  the  hills  shall  break  forth  before  you  into  singing, 

And  all  the  trees  of  the  field  shall  clap  their  hands. 
'^  Instead  of  the  thorn — shall  come  up  the  fir  tree, 

And  instead  of  the  brier — shall  come  up  the  myrtle  tree  : 

And  it  shall  be  to  the  Lord  for  a  name, 

For  an  everlasting  sign,  that  shall  not  be  cut  off". 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Isaiah  Ivi. 

Keep  ye  ^judgment,  and  do  justice  :  l-^- 

For  'my  salvation  is  near  to  come, 

And  my  righteousness  to  be  revealed. 
^  Blessed  is  the  man  that  doeth  this. 

And  the  son  of  man  that  layeth  hold  on  it ; 

That  keepeth  the  Sabbatli  from  polluting  it. 

And  keepeth  his  hand  from  doing  any  evil. 

^  Neither  let  "the  son  of  the  stranger,  that  hath  joined  himself  to 
the  Lord,  speak,  saying, — 

The  Lord  hath  utterly  separated  me  from  his  people  : 

Neither  let  the  eunuch  say.  Behold,  I  am  a  dry  tree. 
^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  unto  the  eunuchs  that  keep  my  Sabbaths, 

And  choo.se  the  things  that  please  me, 

And  take  hold  of  my  covenant ; 
^  Even  unto  them  will  I  give  in  "my  house 

And  within  my  walls  a  place  and  °a  name 

Better  than  of  sons  and  of  daughters  : 

I  will  give  them  an  everlasting  name,  that  shall  not  be  cut  off. 
^  Also  the  sons  of  the  stranger,  that  join  themselves  to  the  Lord, 

To  serve  him,  and  to  love  the  name  of  the  Lord, 

To  be  his  servants, 

Every  one  that  keepeth  the  Sabbath  from  [diluting  it, 

And  taketh  hold  of  my  covenant ; 
'  Even  them  will  I  'bring  to  my  holy  mountain, 

And  make  them  joyful  in  my  house  of  prayer  : 

Their  'burnt  ofi^'rings    and   their  sacrifices  shall  be  accepted  upon 
mine  altar  ; 

For  ""my  house  shall  be  called  a  house  of  prayer  'for  all  people. 


Part  XIII.] 


t  John  10.  16. 

Eoh.  1.10.  it  2. 

14-1(5. 
t  Heb.  To  his 

gathered. 


SECT.   XXIV. 


A.  M.  3-34  to 

3308. 
B.  C.  710  to 

(399. 


a  Slat.  15.  14.  & 

23.  16. 
6  Phil  3.2. 

*  Or,  Dreaming, 

or,  talking  in 

th'ir  sleep. 
t  Hul).  strung  of 

appetite.  Mic. 

3.  11. 
J  Heb.  know  not 

to  be  satisfied. 

Ez.  34.  2,  3. 


cPs.  10.fi.  Pr. 
23.  35.  Lu.  12. 
19.  1  Co.  15.  32, 


*  Heb.  men  of 
kindness,  or, 
aodliness.  Vs.  12. 
1.  jNlic.  7.  2. 

d  1  Ki.  14.  13. 
See  2  Ki.  22.20. 

\  Or,  that  which 

is  eeil. 
1  Or,  go  m  peace, 

Lu.  2.  29. 

*  Or,  before  him. 
e  Mat.  16.  4. 


+  Or,  among  the 

oaks.   Is.  1.  29. 
fhe.  18.21.  & 

20.  2.  2  Ki.  16. 

3.  &  23.  10.  Je. 

7.31.  Ez.  1G.2C 

&  20.  26. 


I  Or,  hewed  it  for 

thyself  larger 

than  theirs. 
*  Or,  thou  pro- 

videst  room. 
f  Or,  thou  respect 

cdst  the  king. 


X  Or,  living. 


ISAIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CALAMITIES  OF  JUDiEA.  811 

8  Tlie  Lord  God  which  gathereth  the  outcasts  of  Israel  saith, 
Yet  'will  I  gather  others  to  him, 
tBesides  those  that  are  gathered  unto  him. 

Section  XXIV  -Isaiah   predicts  the  Calamities  rchich  should  befall  JudcBa 
SECTION  .v^  ^^^  ^^^  Idolatry  and  Hypocrisy. 

Isaiah   Ivi.  9,  to  the  end,  Ivii.,  Iviii.,  and  lix.  1-15. 

,,.    ,       ,,      „        rhan  ivvii    \  The  blessed  death  of  the  righteous.   3  God 

Isaiah  inveigheth  against  bhnd  «'«'f  ™  "; -.^^P;  '''\3  h,  Xeth   evangelical  promises  to  the  peni- 

reprorelh  the  Jews  Jor  their  'f^'f}''^"^^^^^^  Arpresseth  a  counterfeit  fast 

,,;,,_  Chap.  Ivi,..  1  f'^P'-^i't.Sfi^;^;TnS^^^^^^^^      liand  to  the  keeping  0/ the 

■"s'all  ye  beasts  of  the  field,  come  to  devour  ! 
Yea,  all  ye  beasts  in  the  forest  '• 

10  His  watchmen  are  "blind :  they  are  all  ignorant, 
They  "are  all  dumb  dogs,  they  cannot  bark  ; 

*  Sleeping,  lying  down,  loving  to  slumber. 

11  Yea  they  are  tgreedy  dogs  which  tcan  never  have  enough, 
And  they  are  shepherds  that  cannot  understand  : 

They  all  look  to  their  own  way, 

Every  one  for  his  gain,  from  his  quarter. 

12  "  Come  ye,"  say  they,  "  I  will  fetch  wine. 

And  we  will  fill  ourselves  with  strong  drink  ;  ^.      j     .  „ 

And  ^to-morrow  shall  be  as  this  day,  and  much  more  abundant. 
1  The   righteous  perisheth,  and  no  man  layeth  it  to      Isaiah  ivu. 
heart :  . 

And  *merciful  men  are  taken  away,  ''none  considering 
That  the  righteous  is  taken  away  from  tthe  evil  to  come. 
2  He  shall  tenter  into  peace : 
They  shall  rest  in  their  beds, 
Each  one  walking  *in  his  uprightness 

^  But  draw  near  hither,  'ye  sons  of  the  sorceress, 
The  seed  of  the  adulterer  and  the  whore. 
"  Against  whom  do  ye  sport  yourselves  ? 
Against  whom  make  ye  a  wide  mouth,  and  draw  out  the  tongue  ? 
Are  ye  not  children  of  transgression,  a  seed  of  falsehood, 

5  Enflaming  yourselves  twith  idols  under  every  green  tree 
Slaying  4e  children  in  the  valleys  under  the  clifts  of  the  rocks  ? 

6  Among  the  smooth  stones  of  the  stream  is  thy  portion  ; 
>•       They,  they  are  thy  lot :  ,      rr    ■ 

Even  to  them  hast  thou  poured  a  drink  ottering, 

Thou  hast  offered  a  meat  offering. 

Should  I  receive  comfort  in  these  ?  ,     ,     , 

7  Upon  a  lofty  and  high  mountain  hast  thou  set  thy  bed  : 
Even  thither  wentest  thou  up  to  offer  sacrifice. 

8  Behind  the  doors  also  and  the  posts  hast  thou  set  up  thy  remem- 
For  thou  hast  discovered  thyself  to  another  than  me,  [brance ; 
And  art  gone  up ;  thou  hast  enlarged  thy  bed, 
And  tmade  thee  a  covenant  with  them  ; 
Thou  lovedst  their  bed  *where  thou  sawest  it. 

9  And  tthou  wentest  to  the  king  with  ointment, 
And  didst  increase  thy  perfumes, 
And  didst  send  thy  messengers  far  off, 
And  didst  debase  thyself— even  unto  hell. 

10  Thou  art  wearied  in  the  greatness  of  thy  way  ; 
Yet  saidst  thou  not,  There  is  no  hope  : 
Thou  hast  found  the  tlife  of  thy  hand  : 
Therefore  thou  wast  not  grieved. 


812 


ISAIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CALAMITIES  OF  JUDAEA.        [Period  VI 


«•  Job6.  10.  Lu. 
1.49. 


*  Heb.  turning 
away. 


j  Job  15.  20,  &c. 
Pr.  4.  16. 


t  Heb.  TciUi  Vie 
throat. 


a  1.  e.  they  make 
pretence  of  doing 
ao.-Ed. 


I  Le.  16.  29,  31. 
&.  23.  27. 


J  Or,  things 
tcherewith  ye 
irririe  others. 
Heb.  ^rfs. 

v.  1  Ki.  21.9,  12, 
13. 

*  Or,  Ye  fast  not 
as  tJtis  day. 


t  Or,  To  affliU  his 
tout  for  a  day. 


^^  And  of  whom  hast  thou  been  afraid  or  feared, 

That  thou  hast  Hed, 

And  hast  not  remembered  me,  nor  laid  it  to  thy  heart  ? 

Have  not  I  held  my  peace  even  of  old, 

And  thou  fearest  me  not? 
^^  I  will  declare  thy  righteousness. 

And  thy  works  ;  for  they  shall  not  profit  thee. 
^^  When  thou  criest — let  thy  companies  deliver  thee; 

But  the  wind  shall  carry  them  all  away  ; 

Vanity  shall  take  them  : 

But  he  that  putteth  his  trust  in  me  shall  possess  the  land, 

And  shall  inherit  my  holy  mountain  ; 

^^  And  shall  say.  Cast  ye  up,  cast  ye  up,  prepare  the  way, 

Take  up  the  stumbling-block  out  of  the  way  of  my  people  ! 
^5  For  thus  saith  the  High  and  Lofty  One 

That  inhabiteth  eternity,  "whose  name  is  Holy  ; 

I  dwell  in  the  high  and  holy  place. 

With  Him  also  that  is  of  a  contrite  and  humble  spirit, 

To  revive  the  spirit  of  the  humble, 

And  to  revive  the  heart  of  the  contrite  ones. 
^^  For  I  will  not  contend  for  ever. 

Neither  will  I  be  always  wroth  ; 

For  the  spirit  should  fail  before  me. 

And  the  souls  which  I  have  made. 
^^  For  the  iniquity  of  his  covetousness  was  I  wroth, 

And  smote  him  :  I  liid  me,  and  was  wroth. 

And  he  went  on  *frowardly  in  the  way  of  his  heart. 
^^  I  have  seen  his  ways,  and  will  heal  him  : 

I  will  lead   him  also,  and  restore    comforts  unto  him  and  to  his 
mourners. 
^^  I  create  '"the  fruit  of  the  hps  ; 

Peace,  peace  'to  him  that  is  far  off,  and  to  him  that  is  near, 

Saith  the  Lord  ;  and  I  will  heal  him. 

^°  But  ^the  wicked  are  like  the  troubled  sea. 

When  it  cannot  rest,  whose  waters  cast  up  mire  and  dirt. 
^^  There  is  no  peace,  saith  my  God,  to  the  wicked. 

^  Cry  laloud,  spare  not,  Isaiah  Iviii 

Lift  up  thy  voice  like  a  trumpet. 

And  show  my  people  their  transgression, 

And  the  house  of  Jacob  their  sins ! 
^  Yet  they  seek  me  daily. 

And  ^delight  to  know  my  ways, 

As  a  nation  that  did  righteousness. 

And  forsook  not  the  ordinance  of  their  God : 

They  ask  of  me  the  ordinances  of  justice ; 

They  take  delight  in  approaching  to  God. 
^  "  Wherefore  ''have  we  fasted,"  say  they,  ''and  thou  seest  not? 

Wherefore  have  we  'afflicted  our  soul,  and  thou  takest  no  knowledge?" 
Behold,  in  the  day  of  your  fast  ye  find  pleasure. 

And  exact  all  your  t labors. 
*  Behold,  '"ye  fast  for  strife  and  debate, 

And  to  smite  with  the  fist  of  wickedness  : 

*Ye  shall  not  fast  as  ye  do  this  day, 

To  make  your  voice  to  be  heard  on  high. 
^  Is  it  such  a  fast  that  I  have  chosen  ? 

+A  day  for  a  man  to  afflict  his  soul  ? 

Is  it  to  bow  down  his  head  as  a  bulrush, 


m  Est.  4.  3.  Job 
2.  8.  Da.  9.  3. 
Jon.  3.  6. 


,  Neh.  5.  10-12. 


0  Je.  34.  9. 
*  Heb.  broken, 
p  See  Job  23.  7. 
t  Or,  afflicted. 

q  Ge.  29. 14.  Neh. 
5.5. 
r  See  Job  11.  17. 


X'aeif.shall  gather 
thee  up. 


Heb.  droughts. 


I  Heb.  lie,  or,  de- 
ceive. 


«De.32. 13.&33, 


J  Or,  have  made 
him  hide. 


ISAIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CALAMITIES  OF  JUDiEA.  313 

And  '"to  spread  sackcloth  and  ashes  under  him  ? 

Wilt  thou  call  this  a  fast, 

And  an  acceptable  day  to  the  Lord  ? 

6  Is  not  this  the  fast  that  I  have  chosen  ? 
To  loose  the  bands  of  wickedness, 
"To  undo  Uhe  heavy  burdens, 

And  "to  let  the  *oppressed  go  free, 
And  that  ye  break  every  yoke  ? 

7  Is  it  not  no  deal  thy  bread  to  the  hungry. 

And  that  thou  bring  the  poor  that  are  tcast  out  to  thy  house  ? 
When  thou  seest  the  naked,  that  thou  cover  him  ; 
And  that  thou  hide  not  thyself  from  'thine  own  flesh  ? 

s  Then  'shall  thy  light  break  forth  as  the  morning, 
And  thy  health  shall  spring  forth  speedily : 
And  thy  righteousness  shall  go  before  thee ; 
The  'glory  of  the  Lord  tshall  be  thy  rereward. 
9  Then  dialt  thou  call— and  the  Lord  shall  answer; 
Thou  shalt  cry— and  he  shall  say.  Here  I  am ! 

If  thou  take  away  from  the  midst  of  thee  the  yoke, 
The  putting  forth  of  the  finger,  and  speaking  vanity ; 

10  And  if  thou  draw  out  thy  soul  to  the  hungry. 
And  satisfy  the  afflicted  soul ; 

Then  shall  thy  light  rise  in  obscurity. 
And  thy  darkness  be  as  the  noon  day. 

11  And  the  Lord  shall  guide  thee  continually, 
And  satisfy  thy  soul  in  *drought. 

And  make  fat  thy  bones  ; 

And  thou  shalt  be  like  a  watered  garden, 

And  like  a  spring  of  water,  whose  waters  tfail  not. 

12  And  thev  that  shall  be  of  thee  shall  build  the  old  waste  places : 
Thou  shalt  raise  up  the  foundations  of  many  generations  ; 
And  thou  shalt  be  called,  The  Repairer  of  the  breach. 

The  restorer  of  paths  to  dwell  in.' 

13  If  thou  turn  away  thy  foot  from  the  Sabbath, 
From  doing  thy  pleasure  on  my  holy  day  ; 
And  call  the  Sabbath  a  delight. 
The  holy  of  the  Lord,  honorable ; 
And  shalt  honor  him,  not  doing  thine  own  ways, 
Nor  finding  thine  own  pleasure,  nor  speaking  thine  own  words : 
1"  Then  shalt  thou  delight  thyself  in  the  Lord  ; 

And  I  will  cause  thee  to  'ride  upon  the  high  places  of  the  earth. 
And  feed  thee  with  the  heritage  of  Jacob  thy  father : 
For  the  mouth  of  the  Lord  hath  spoken  it. 

1  Behold,  the  Lord's  hand  is  not  "shortened,  that  it  can 

not  save  ; 
Neither  his  ear  heavy,  that  it  cannot  hear : 

2  But  your  iniquities  have  separated  between  you  and  your  God, 
And  your  sins  thave  hid  his  face  from  you,  that  he  will  not  hear 

3  For  your  hands  are  defiled  with  blood, 
And  your  fingers  with  iniquity  ; 
Your  Ups  have  spoken  lies, 

Your  tongue  hath  muttered  perverseness. 

4  None  calleth  for  justice,  nor  any  pleadeth  for  truth : 
They  trust  in  vanity,  and  speak  lies  ; 
They  conceive  mischief,  and  bring  forth  iniquity. 
5  They  hatch  *cockatrice's  eggs. 
And  weave  the  spider's  web : 


Isaiah  lix. 
1-15. 


w  Ps.  125.  5.  Pi 
2.  1 


X  Be.  28.  29.  Job 
5.  14.  Am.  8.  9. 


814  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH.     [Period  VI. 

He  that  eatetii  of  their  eggs  dieth, 
^S':s%7k^re'"^        And  that  which  tis  crushed  breaketh  out  into  a  viper. 
braiuoutaviper.    6  Thcir  wcbs  shall  Hot  bcconic  garments, 

Neither  shall  they  cover  themselves  with  their  works : 
Their  works  are  works  of  iniquity, 
And  the  act  of  violence  is  in  their  hands, 
.^pr._i.  iG.  Ko.      7  Tij^^ir  Teet  run  to  evil. 

And  they  make  haste  to  shed  innocent  blood: 
Their  thoughts  are  thoughts  of  iniquity  ; 
t  Heb.  brcaid„ff.        Wasting  and  destruction  are  in  their  paths. 
^  The  way  of  peace  they  know  not ; 
Or,right.  ^jjjj  there  is  no  *judgment  in  their  goings: 

They  "have  made  them  crooked  paths : 
Whosoever  goeth  therein  shall  not  know  peace. 

^  Therefore  is  judgment  far  from  us. 
Neither  doth  justice  overtake  us  : 
We  wait  for  light — but  behold  obscurity  ! 
For  briglitness — but  we  walk  in  darkness  ! 
We  ""grope  for  the  wall  like  the  blind. 
And  we  grope  as  if  we  had  no  eyes  : 
We  stumble  at  noon  day  as  in  the  night ; 
We  are  in  desolate  places  as  dead  men. 
^^  We  roar  all  like  bears, 
And  mourn  sore  like  doves  : 
We  look  for  judgment — but  there  is  none  ! 
For  salvation — but  it  is  far  off  from  us  ! 

^^  For  our  transgressions  are  multiplied  before  thee, 
And  our  sins  testify  against  us: 
For  our  transgressions  are  with  us ; 
And  as  for  our  iniquities,  we  know  tnem  ; 
^•^  In  transgressing  and  lying  against  the  Lord, 
And  departing  away  from  our  God, 
Speaking  oppression  and  revolt, 
jr  Mat.  12.34.  Conceiving  and  uttering  ''from  the  heart  words  of  falsehood. 

^^  And  judgment  is  turned  away  backward, 
And  justice  standeth  afar  ofl': 
For  truth  is  fallen  in  the  street, 
And  equity  cannot  enter. 
^5  Yea,  truth  faileth  ; 

And  he  that  departeth  from  evil  fmaketh  himself  a  prey: 
+  „  .   .,         .,       And  the  Lord  saw  it, 

J  Heb.  It  was  evil  .         .  ' 

inhijeyes.  And  tit  displcascd  him  that  there  was  no  judgment. 

SECT.  XXV.    Section  XXV. — Isaiah  prophesies   the  future  Glory   and  Triiwiph  of  the 

A.  M"T294t<,  ,  ,       ,      ^''"'''^'- 

3305.  IsAiAii  lix.  16,  to  Ike  cud  of  the  Book. 

B.  C.  710  to       Salvation  only  is  of  God.     20  The  coi-enant  of  the  Redeemer.  —  Chap.  Ix.  1  Tlie  glory  of  the  Church 
699.  in  the  abundant  access  of  the  Gentiles.  15  and  the  "-reai  hlessin^s  after  a  short  aviation.  —  Chap. 

Ixi.  1  The   office  of  Christ.     iThefonvardii.ss.'lawl  Messtngs  of  the  faillful.  —  Chsp.]xn. 

1  The  fervent  desire  of  the  prophet  to  confirm  tin-  Chinch  hi  God's  promises.  5  The  office  of  the 
ministers  (unto  which  they  are  incited)  in  pmirhiii'^  fhr  Gospel,  10  and  preparing  the  people 
thereto.  —  Chap.  Ixiii.  1  Christ  shoiritli  irhu  hi-  is,  'Z  tr/iitt  his  victory  over  his  enemies,  1  and 
what  his  mercy  toward  his  Chiirrh.  10  /;/  his  Just  irralh  lie  remembereth  his  free  mercy.  15  T'he 
Church  in  their  prayer,  17  and  coiiiplniiit,  jinf-ss  their  faith.  —  Chap.  Ixiv.  1  The  Church  pray- 
ethfor  the  illustration  of  God's  power,  h  ( 'il'ihnilin<r  God's  mercy,  it  nrnketh  confession  of  their 
natural  con-uptions.  [)  It  complaineth  (^/'/licir  ,il)Urtion.  —  Chap.  Ixv.  1  The  calling  of  the  Gen- 
tiles. 2  The  Jews,  for  their  incrcdnlilij.  iilnlitlnj.  and  hypocrisy,  are  rejected.  8  A  remnant 
shall  be  saved.  11  Judgments  on  the  irickeil,  ,md  lilessings  on  the  godly.  17  The  blessed  state  of 
the  New  Jerusalem.  — Chap.  Ixvi.  1  The  glorious  God  will  be  sensed  in  humble  sincerity.  5  He 
comforteth  the  humble  with  the  marvellous  generation,  10  and  with  the  gracious  benejts  of  the 
Church.  15  God's  severe  judgments  against  the  wic/ced.  19  The  Gentiles  shall  have  a  holy 
Church,  24  and  see  the  damnation  of  the  wicked. 

^^  And  He  saw  that  there  was  no  man, 


t  Or,  is  accounted 


P.KT  XIII.]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH.       815 

a  Ma.  6. 6.  And  "woudered  that  there  was  no  intercessor  : 

Therefore  his  arm  brought  salvation  unto  hini ; 
And  his  righteousness,  it  sustained  him. 
6Eph.6. 14, 17.    17  Yor  ''he  put  on  righteousness  as  a  breastplate, 
'  "'"■  '■  '■  And  a  helmet  of  ^salvation  upon  his  head  ; 

And  he  put  on  the  garments  of  vengeance  for  clothmg, 
And  was  clad  with  zeal  as  a  cloak. 
*  Heb.  reco.-       18  Accordiug  to  their  Meeds,  accordingly  he  will  repay, 
^"'"''  Fury  to  his  adversaries,  recompence  to  his  enemies  , 

To  the  islands  he  will  repay  recompence. 
19  So  shall  they  fear  the  name  of  the  Lord  from  the  west, 
And  his  glory  from  the  rising  of  the  sun. 
cRe.  12. 15.  When  the  enemy  shall  come  in  'like  a  flood,  .     ,  ,  • 

.or,putkin.to         The  Spirit  of  the  Lord  shall  tlift  up  a  standard  against  him. 
fL-'^n  or  20  A„t|  -^the  Redeemer  shall  come  to  Zion,  .  ,     ,     t 

And  unto  them  that  turn  from  transgression  in  Jacob,  saith  the  Lord. 
e  He.  8. 10.  &  10.  21  As  'for  me,  this  is  my  covenant  with  them,  saith  the  Lord  ; 
^^'  My  spirit  that  is  upon  thee, 

And  my  words  which  I  have  put  in  thy  mouth. 
Shall  not  depart  out  of  thy  mouth, 
Nor  out  of  the  mouth  of  thy  seed,  .  ,     ,     t 

Nor  out  of  the  mouth  of  thy  seed's  seed,  saith  the  Lord, 
From  henceforth  and  for  ever. 
XOr,beenUgku  1  Aiisc !  tshiuc  !  for  thy  light  is  come,  Isaiah  ix. 

j-fr/ctV.tf  And  -^the  glory  of  the  Lord  is  risen  upon  thee. 

!l'ai'4  2'  -  For,  behold,  the  darkness  shall  cover  the  earth, 

^^^''^'  '  '  And  gross  darkness  the  people  ; 

But  the  Lord  shall  arise  upon  thee. 
And  his  glory  shall  be  seen  upon  thee. 
.  Is.  49. 6, 23.       3  And  the  "'Gentiles  shall  come  to  thy  light, 
''"  "•  ''•  And  kings  to  the  brightness  of  thy  rising. 

4  Lift  up  thine  eyes  round  about,  and  see  . 
All  they  gather  themselves  together,  they  come  to  thee  . 
Thy  sons  shall  come  from  far. 
And  thy  daughters  shall  be  nursed  at  thy  side. 
5  Then  thou  shalt  see,  and  flow  together, 
And  thv  heart  shall  fear,  and  be  enlarged  ;  ,       .    .u  « 

.  o. ,...  of ,.       Bel,sl  the  ^abundance  of  the  sea  shall  be  converted  unto  thee, 
r,f'/t„w  The  tforces  of  the  Gentiles  shall  come  unto  thee. 


lumen  lowuni  i  lie    iiwiv-'V-'O   v^«     ^x^^ 

X'wcam'vor     ^  The  multitude  of  camels  shall  cover  thee, 
ii.''ir6i.'t3.    ■       The  dromedaries  of  Midian  and  Ephah  ; 


All  they  from  Sheba  shall  come  : 
AMat.2.11.  They  shall ''bring  gold  and  incense  ; 

And  they  shall  show  forth  the  praises  of  the  Lord. 
V  AU  the  flocks  of  Kedar  shall  be  gathered  together  unto  thee. 

The  rams  of  Nebaioth  shall  mimster  unto  thee  : 

They  shall  come  up  with  acceptance  on  mine  altar, 
i  Hag.  2. 7, 9.  And  'I  will  glorify  the  house  of  my  glory. 

8  Who  are  these  that  fly  as  a  cloud. 

And  as  the  doves  to  their  windows  ? 
j  PS.  72. 10.  Is.       9  Surely  nhe  isles  shall  wait  for  me, 

^42. 4.  & 51. 5.  J        J  .        f  Tarshish  first,  Ho  bring  thy  sons  fiom  lar 

''''■'■''■  Their  silver ^and  their  gold  with  them,  unto  the  name  of  the  Lord 

And  to  the  Hdy  One  of  Israel,  because  he  hath  glorified  thee. 
J  Zee.  6. 15.         10  And  'the  sons  of  strangers  shall  build  up  thy  wails, 
,„  Re.  21. 24.  And  '"their  kings  shall  minister  unto  thee  : 


S}^,  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH.      [Period  VI. 

For  in  my  wrath  I  smote  thee, 

But  in  my  favor  liave  I  had  mercy  on  thee. 
nRe.2i.2o.        u  Therefore  thy  gates  "shall  be  open  continually; 

They  shall  not  be  slmt  day  nor  night ; 
t^or,  wealth,  xer.       rpj^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^  bring  uuto  tlicc  the  Jforccs  of  the  Gentiles, 

And  that  their  kings  may  be  brought. 
"wat.'au^I.'^^'   ^^  For  "the  nation  and  kingdom  that  will  not  serve  thee  shall  perish  ; 

Yea,  those  nations  shall  be  utterly  wasted. 

^^  The  glory  of  Lebanon  shall  come  imto  thee, 

The  fir  tree,  the  pine  tree,  and  the  box  together, 

To  beautify  the  place  of  my  sanctuary  ; 

And  I  will  make  the  place  of  my  feet  glorious. 

'■^  The  sons  also  of  them  that  afflicted  thee  shall  come  bending 
unto  thee  ; 
p  Re.  3. 9.  ^j^^j  ^jj  jj^g^,  ^Ij^j.  figspigg^i  ti^jjg  gi^j^lj  T-ijQ^^,  themselves  down  at  the 

soles  of  thy  feet ; 

And  they  shall  call  thee.  The  City  of  the  Lord, 
,  He.  12.^2.  Re.       ^hc  'Ziou  of  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 

^^  Whereas  thou  hast  been  forsaken  and  hated, 

So  that  no  man  went  through  thee, 

I  will  make  thee  an  eternal  excellency, 

A  joy  of  many  generations. 

^^  Thou  shalt  also  suck  the  milk  of  the  Gentiles, 

And  shalt  suck  the  breast  of  kings  : 

And  thou  shalt  know  that  I  the  Lord  am  thy  Saviour 

And  thy  Redeemer,  the  Mighty  One  of  Jacob. 
^''  For  brass — I  will  bring  gold, 

And  for  iron — I  will  bring  silver, 

And  for  wood — brass. 

And  for  stones — iron  : 

I  will  also  make  thy  officers — peace, 

And  thine  exactors — righteousness. 
^^  Violence  shall  no  more  be  heard  in  thy  land. 

Wasting  nor  destruction  within  thy  borders ; 

But  thou  shalt  call  thy  walls  Salvation, 

And  thy  gates  Praise. 

.21.  23.  &        19  rpj^g   r^^^^   ^j^^jj  j^g   ^^  ^^^.^    ^j^^^  j.^j^^   ^^^  ^^^  _ 

Neither  for  brightness  shall  the  moon  give  light  unto  thee : 

But  the  Lord  shall  be  unto  thee  an  everlasting  light, 

And  'thy  God  thy  glory. 

Thy  'sun  shall  no  more  go  down  ; 

Neither  shall  thy  moon  withdraw  itself  : 

For  the  Lord  sliall  be  thine  everlasting  light. 

And  the  days  of  thy  mourning  shall  be  ended. 

Thy  "people  also  shall  be  all  righteous  : 
"Mut.!'"'^'         They  "shall  inherit  the  land  for  ever, 
wu.rA.  3.  Mat.       The  "branch  of  my  planting, 
lEph.a.To.  The  ""work  of  my  hands,  that  I  may  be  glorified. 

J  Mat.  13. 31, 32.  ^^  A  "little  One  sliall  become  a  thousand. 

And  a  small  one  a  strong  nation  : 

I  the  Lord  will  hasten  it  in  his  time. 

^  The  'Spirit  of  the  Lord  God  is  upon  me  ;  Isaiah  ixi. 

Because  the  Lord  liath  anointed  me 

To  preach  good  tidings  unto  the  meek  ; 

He  hath  sent  me  to  bind  up  the  broken-hearted, 

To  proclaim  "liberty  to  the  captives, 

And  the  opening  of  the  prison  to  them  that  are  bound  ; 


r  Re.  21.  23.  &. 


rZec.  2.  5. 
:  See  Am.  8.  9. 


u  Re.  21.  27. 


I  Lii.  4.  18.  Jo. 
1.  32.  &.  3.  31. 


d  Mat. 


Part  XIIL]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH.        817 

6  See  Le.  25. 9.      2  ^o  ''proclaim  the  acceptable  year  of  the  Lord, 
"2*Thes"i'7-9.         Aiid  'the  day  of  vengeance  of  our  God  ; 

To  ''comfort  all  that  mourn  ; 

To  appoint  unto  them  that  mourn  in  Zion, 

To  give  unto  them  beauty  for  ashes, 

The  oil  of  joy  for  mourning, 

The  garment  of  praise  for  the  spirit  of  heaviness  ; 

That  they  might  be  called  Trees  of  Righteousness, 
e  John  15. 8.  r^^iQ  Planting  of  the  Lord,  'that  he  might  be  glorified. 

4  And  they  shall  build  the  old  wastes, 

They  shall  raise  up  the  former  desolations, 

And  they  shall  repair  the  waste  cities, 

The  desolations  of  many  generations. 
/Eph.2. 13.  5  Anj  -^strangers  shall  stand  and  feed  your  flocks, 

And  the  sons  of  the  alien  shall  be  your  ploughmen  and  your  vine- 
fi'^Ex.  J9.^6.  i^Pe.    6  gyt  ^yc  shall  be  named  The  Priests  of  the  Lord  :  [dressers. 


&  5. 10.    ■  ■  ■       Men  shall  call  you  The  Ministers  of  our  God  ; 
Ye  shall  eat  th.e  riches  of  the  Gentiles, 
And  in  their  glory  shall  ye  boast  yourselves. 
;Zec.  9. 12.  7  Yq^  ''your  shame — ye  shall  have  double; 

And  for  confusion — they  shall  rejoice  in  their  portion  : 
Therefore  in  their  land  they  shall  possess  the  double : 
Everlasting  joy  shall  be  unto  them. 
^  For  I  the  Lord  love  judgment, 
I  hate  robbery  for  burnt  offering  ; 
And  I  will  direct  their  work  in  truth. 
And  I  will  make  an  everlasting  covenant  with  them. 
9  And  their  seed  shall  be  known  among  the  Gentiles, 
And  their  offspring  among  the  people  : 
All  that  see  them  shall  acknowledge  them, 
That  they  are  the  seed  which  the  Lord  hath  blessed. 

^^  I  will  greatly  rejoice  in  the  Lord, 
My  soul  shall  be  joyful  in  my  God  ; 
For  he  hath  clothed  me  with  the  garments  of  salvation, 
He  hath  covered  me  with  the  robe  of  righteousness, 
i  Is.  49. 18.  Re.          ^g  i^  bridcgroom  *decketh  himself  with  ornaments, 
*Heb. deckeihas       And  as  a  bridc  adorneth  herself  with  her  jewels. 
aprust.  n  Yo^  as  the  earth  bringeth  forth  her  bud,  [forth ; 

And  as  the   garden  causeth  the  things  that  are  sown  in  it  to  spring 
So  the  Lord  God  will  cause  righteousness  and  praise  to  spring  forth 
before  all  the  nations. 
'  For  Zion's  sake  will  I  not  hold  my  peace,  Isaiah  ixii. 

And  for  Jerusalem's  sake  I  will  not  rest, 
Until  the  righteousness  thereof  go  forth  as  brightness. 
And  the  salvation  thereof  as  a  lamp  that  burneth. 
2  And  the  Gentiles  shall  see  thy  righteousness, 
And  all  kings  thy  glory : 
And  thou  shalt  be  called  by  a  new  name. 
Which  the  mouth  of  the  Lord  shall  name. 
jZec.9. 16.  3  Thou  shalt  also  be  •'a  crown  of  glory  in  the  hand  of  the  Lord, 

And  a  royal  diadem  in  the  hand  of  thy  God. 
^2%^' '°'  ^  ^^'    ^  Thou  *shalt  no  more  be  termed  Forsaken  ; 

Neither  shall  thy  land  any  more  be  termed  Desolate : 
t  That  is,  My  de-       g^^  ^\^Q^^  gj^alt  bc  called  tHephzi-bah, 

light  is  inher  »        ,      i         i  i    +t»        i     I 

J  That  is,  j/ar-         Aud  thy  land  IBeulah  ; 

"'^-  For  the  Lord  delighteth  in  thee,  and  thy  land  shall  be  married. 

^  For  as  a  young  man  marrieth  a  virgin, 
vol.  I.  103  3q 


818 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH.     [Period  VI. 


*  Heb.  with  the 
jmj  uf  the  bride- 
groom. 

I  Ez.  3.  17.  <k  33. 
7. 


t  Or,  Yt^  that  are 
the  LORD'S  re- 
meinbrancprs. 

X  Ucb.  iileiice. 


*  Heb.  If  I  give, 

m  De.  28.  31,  &c. 
&.  30.  1,  &.C.  Je. 
5.  17. 


nSee  De.  12.  12. 
Sl  14.  03,  26.  & 

16.  11,  14. 


oZec.  9   9.  Mat. 
21.  5.  Jo.  12.  15. 
p  Re.  22.  12. 
t  Or,  recompence. 


i  Heb.  decked. 


5  Re.  19.  13. 


r  La.  1.  15.  Re. 
14.  19,  20.  &;  19. 
15. 


Isaiah 
Ixiii. 


So  .shall  thy  sons  marry  thee  : 

And  *as  the  bridegroom  rejoiceth  over  the  bride, 

So  shall  thy  God  rejoice  over  thee. 

^  I  'have  set  watchmen  upon  thy  walls,  O  Jerusalem  ! 
Which  shall  never  hold  their  peace  day  nor  night : 
tYe  that  make  mention  of  the  Lord,  keep  not  silence, 
'  And  give  him  no  trest. 

Till  he  establish,  and  till  he  make  Jerusalem  a  praise  in  the  earth. 
^  The  Lord  hath  sworn  by  his  right  hand,  and  by  the  arm  of  his  strength, 
*Surely  I  will  no  more  "give  thy  corn  to  be  meat  for  thine  enemies  ; 
And  the  sons  of  the  stranger  shall  not  drink  thy  wine, 
For  the  which  thou  hast  labored  : 
^  But  they  that  have  gathered  it  shall  eat  it,  and  praise  the  Lord  ; 
And  they  that  have  brought  it  together  shall  drink  it 
In  "the  courts  of  my  holiness. 

^°  Go  through,  go  through  the  gates  ! 
Prepare  ye  the  way  of  the  people  ! 
Cast  up,  cast  up  the  highway  ! 
Gather  out  the  stones  ! 
Lift  up  a  standard  for  the  people  ! 
^^  Behold,  the  Lord  hath  proclaimed  unto  the  end  of  the  world, 
Say  °ye  to  the  daughter  of  Zion,  Behold,  thy  salvation  cometh  ; 
Behold,  his  ^reward  is  with  him,  and  his  twork  before  him. 
^^  And  they  shall  call  them.  The  Holy  People, 
The  Redeemed  of  the  Lord  ; 
And  thou  shalt  be  called,  Sought  out,  A  City  not  forsaken. 

^  Who  is  this  that  cometh  from  Edom, 
With  dyed  garments  from  Bozrah  ? 
This  that  is  tglorious  in  his  apparel, 
Travelling  in  the  greatness  of  his  strength  ? 

I  that  speak  in  righteousness, 

Mighty  to  save. 

^  Wherefore  'art  thou  red  in  thine  apparel. 
And  thy  garments  like  him  that  treadeth  in  the  winefat? 

■'  I  have  '"trodden  the  winepress  alone  ; 
And  of  the  people  there  was  none  with  me : 
For  I  will  tread  them  in  mine  anger, 
And  trample  them  in  my  fury  ; 

And  their  blood  shall  be  sprinkled  upon  my  garments, 
And  I  will  stain  all  my  raiment, 
"*  For  the  day  of  vengeance  is  in  my  heart, 

And  the  year  of  my  redeemed  is  come. 
^  And  I  looked — and  ''there  was  none  to  help ! 
And  I  wondered  that  there  was  none  to  uphold  ; 
Therefore  mine  own  arm  brought  salvation  unto  me  ; 
And  my  fury,  it  upheld  me. 
^  And  I  will  tread  down  the  people  in  mine  anger. 
And  'make  them  drunk  in  my  fury, 
And  I  will  bring  down  their  strength  to  the  earth. 

"  I  will  mention  the  lovingkindness  of  the  Lord, 
And  the  praises  of  the  Lord, 

According  to  all  that  the  Lord  hath  bestowed  on  us. 
And  the  great  goodness  toward  the  house  of  Israel, 
Which  he  hath  bestowed  on  them  according  to  his  mercies, 
And  according  to  the  multitude  of  his  lovingkindnesses. 

^  For  he  said.  Surely  they  are  my  people, 
Children  that  will  not  lie  : 
So  he  was  their  Saviour. 


Paet  XIIL]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH. 


819 


tJa.  10.  10.  Zee. 

2.  8.  Ac.  9.  1. 
a  Ex.  13.  21. 

Mai.  3.  1.  Ac. 

J2.  11. 

V  De.  7.  7,  8. 

w  Ex.  19.  4.  Oe. 

1.31.ci.3-'.  11, 

12. 
X  Ex.  15.  24.  Nu. 

14.  11. 

V  Ps.  78.  40.  Ac. 
7.  51.  Eph.  4.  30. 

z  Ex.  23.  21. 
cEx.  14.30.  & 

32.  11,  12.  Nu. 

14.  13,  &c. 

Je.  2.  G. 
*  Or,  shephcT'ls, 

as  Ps.  77.  20. 
6Nu.  11.  17,2.5. 

Neh.  9.  20.  Da. 

4.  8.  Hiig.  2.  5. 
e  Ex.  15.  6. 
d  Ex.  14.  21 .  Jos. 

3.  16. 


eaSa.  7.  23. 
/De.  26.  15. 


f  Or,  multitude. 


X  Or,  Our  Re- 

d'-emer from  ever- 

la-ituig  is  thy 

name, 
g  See  Is.  G.  10, 

Willi  Jo.  12.  40. 

Ko.  9.  18. 
h  Nu.  10.  36. 
t  De.  7.  6.  &  26. 

19.  Da.  8.  24. 


*  Or,  Thy  name 
was  not  called 
upon  them,  Is. 
65.  I. 


f  Heb.  the  fire 
meltings. 


j  Ex.  34,  10.  Ju. 
5.4,5.  Hab.  3 


I  Or,  seen  a  Ood 
besides  thee, 
which  doelh  so 
for  him,  S(c. 

I  Ac.  10.  35. 


771  Phil.  3.  9. 


'J  In  'ail  their  affliction  he  was  afflicted, 
And  "the  Angel  of  his  presence  saved  them  : 
In  'his  love  and  in  his  pity  he  redeemed  them  ; 
And  "he  bare  them,  and  carried  them  all  the  days  of  old. 
^0  But  they  ^rebelled,  and  ^ vexed  his  Holy  Spirit : 
Therefore  '"he  was  turned  to  be  their  enemy, 
And  he  fought  against  them. 

11  Then  he  remembered  the  days  of  old,  Moses,  and  his  people, 
Where  is  He  that  "brought  them  up  out  of  the  sea  [saying, 

With  the  *shepherd  of  his  flock  ? 
Where  'is  he  that  put  his  Holy  Spirit  within  him? 
1-^  That  led  them  by  the  right  hand  of  Moses  ^with  his  glorious  arm, 
Dividing  ''the  water  before  them. 
To  make  himself  an  everlasting  name  ? 
13  That  led  them  through  the  deep, 

As  a  horse  in  the  wilderness,  that  they  should  not  stumble  . 
1"*  As  a  beast  goeth  down  into  the  valley. 
The  Spirit  of  the  Lord  caused  him  to  rest: 
So  didst  thou  lead  thy  people. 
To  'make  thyself  a  glorious  name. 

15  Look  ^down  from  heaven,  ,     ^    ,        i 

And  behold  from  the  habitation  of  thy  holiness  and  of  thy  glory: 
Where  is  thy  zeal  and  thy  strength. 

The  tsounding  of  thy  bowels  and  of  thy  mercies  toward  me? 
Are  they  restrained  ? 
16  Doubtless  thou  art  our  Father, 

Though  Abraham  be  ignorant  of  us, 
And  Israel  acknowledge  us  not : 
Thou,  O  Lord  !  art  our  Father, 
tOur  Redeemer  ;  thy  name  is  from  everlasting  ! 
■  17  O  Lord  !  why  hast  thou  made  us  to  err  from  thy  ways, 
And  ^hardened  our  heart  from  thy  fear  ? 
Return  "for  thy  servants'  sake. 
The  tribes  of  thine  inheritance. 

18  The  ^people  of  thy  holiness  have  possessed  it  but  a  little  while : 
Our  adversaries  have  trodden  down  thy  sanctuary. 

19  We  are  thine  ;  thou  never  barest  rule  over  them  ; 
*They  were  not  called  by  thy  name. 

1  Oh  that  thou  wouldest  rend  the  heavens !  that  thou      Isaiah  Ixiv. 
wouldest  come  down  ! 
That  the  mountains  might  flow  down  at  thy  presence, 
2  ^A.s  when  tthe  melting  fire  burneth. 
The  fire  causeth  the  waters  to  boil,) 
To  make  thy  name  known  to  thine  adversaries. 
That  the  nations  may  tremble  at  thy  presence  ! 
"^  When  'thou  didst  terrible  things  which  we  looked  not  tor, 
Thou  camest  down,  the  mountains  flowed  down  at  thy  presence. 

4  For  since  the  beginning  of  the  world  'men  have  not  heard, 
Nor  perceived  by  the  ear, 

Neither  hath  the  eye  tseen,  O  God!  besides  thee, 
What  he  hath  prepared  for  him  that  waiteth  for  Him. 
Thou  meetest  him  that  rejoiceth  'and  worketh  righteousness, 
Those  that  remember  thee  in  thy  ways : 
Behold,  thou  art  wroth— for  we  have  sinned  : 
In  those  is  continuance,  and  we  shall  be  saved. 

c  But  we  are  all  as  an  unclean  thing. 
And  all  ™our  righteousnesses  are  as  filthy  rags ; 


8-20  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH.     [Period  VI. 

And  we  all  do  fade  as  a  leaf; 

And  our  iniquities,  like  the  wind,  have  taken  us  away. 
'  And  there  is  none  that  calleth  upon  thy  name, 
That  stirreth  up  himself  to  take  hold  of  thee : 
For  thou  hast  hid  thy  face  from  us, 
*Heb.  melted.  ^j-^^j  j^^gj  ^consumed  US,  ibecause  of  our  iniquities. 

t  Heb.  bytfu  ^-p^  ,  * 

hand:  as  Job  8.  *  But  uow,  U  LoRD  !  thou  art  our  lather  ; 

nJe.  18. 6.  Ro.         ^0  are  the  clay,  and  "thou  our  potter; 

E^'a'o  ^^"^  ^^^  ^^'  "^^^  ^^'^^  "^'^'^  ^^  ^'^^  hand. 

"''■''         ^  Be  not  wroth  very  sore,  O  Lord  ! 

Neither  remember  iniquity  for  ever : 

Behold,  see,  we  beseech  thee,  we  are  all  thy  people. 
^°  Thy  holy  cities  are  a  wilderness, 

Zion  is  a  wilderness,  Jerusalem  a  desolation, 
^l^.'fdh.'le;   ^^  Our  Hioly  and  our  beautiful  house, 
19-  Where  our  fathers  praised  thee, 

Is  burned  up  with  fire  ; 
q  Ez.  24. 21, 25.        ^^j J  ^]}  5^^.  pjgasant  things  are  laid  waste. 

^^  Wilt  thou  refrain  thyself  for  these  things,  O  Lord  ? 

Wilt  thou  hold  thy  peace,  and  afflict  us  very  sore  ? 
'^3o°'&^io*2a'  ^  I  ^^'^  sought  of  them  that  asked  not  for  me  ;  Isaiah  Ixv. 

Eph.  2. 12, 13.         I  am  found  of  them  that  sought  me  not : 

I  said,  Behold  me,  behold  me  !  unto  a  nation  that  was  not  called  by 
sRo.  19.21.  2  I  "have  spread  out  my  hands  all  the  day  [my  name. 

Unto  a  rebellious  people, 

Which  walketh  in  a  way  that  was  not  good, 

After  their  own  thoughts  ; 
tDe.32.21.  3  \^  people  'that  provoketh  me  to  anger  continually  to  my  face ; 

«seeLe.i7.5.         fhat  "sacrificcth  in  gardens, 
^tri^L'."^""  And  burneth  incense  tupon  altars  of  brick ; 

rDe.  18.11.         '^  Wliich  "remain  among  the  graves. 

And  lodge  in  the  monuments, 

«,Sce  Le.  11.7.  ^J^i^.}^   '^^^^  swilic's  flcsh, 

*oi, pieces.  ^j^j  *broth  of  abominable  things  is  in  their  vessels; 

"^Lu.^^'so!  &  Vs.    ^  Which  ""say,  '■  Stand  by  thyself,  come  not  near  to  me ; 
u.judeig.  For  I  am  holier  than  thou." 

iOi,  anger.  Thcsc  are  a  smoke  in  my  tnose, 

A  fire  that  burneth  all  the  day. 
y^^e^-^^-^"-^-    6  Behold,  ='it  is  written  before  me  : 
I Ps. 79. 12. Je.         "I  will  not  keep  silence,  "but  will  recompense, 
21!    '   ^'    '         Even  recompense  into  their  bosom, 

aEx.  20. 5.  7  Your  iniquities,  and  "the  iniquities  of  your  fathers  together,"  saith 

jEz.  18.6.  (.  (Which  'have  burned  incense  upon  the  mountains,        [the  Lord, 

And  ^blasphemed  me  upon  tlie  hills  ;) 
Therefore  will  I  measure  their  former  work  into  their  bosom." 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
As  the  new  wine  is  found  in  the  cluster. 
And  one  saith.  Destroy  it  not,  for  a  blessing  is  in  it : 
So  will  I  do  for  my  servants'  sakes,  that  I  may  not  destroy  them  all. 
^  And  I  will  bring  forth  a  seed  out  of  Jacob, 
And  out  of  Judah  an  inheritor  of  my  mountains ; 
And  mine  ''elect  shall  inherit  it. 
And  my  servants  shall  dwell  there. 
1°  And  Sharon  shall  be  a  fold  of  flocks. 

And  the  Valley  of  Achor  a  place  for  the  herds  to  lie  down  in, 
For  my  people  that  have  sought  me. 

'^  But  ye  are  they  that  forsake  the  Lord, 


c  Ez.  20.  27,  28. 


821 


hi  - 
Zee. 
J  Ac.  11.  26 


63.  ll!  Zep. 


Paut  XITI.]  ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH. 

That  forget  my  holy  mountain, 
eEz.23.4i.ico.       That  prepare  'a  table  for  that  ttroop, 
il%d.  And  that  furnish  the  drink  oftering  unto  that  ^number. 

*ot,Mem.         12  Therefore  will  I  number  you  to  the  sword, 

And  ye  shall  all  bow  down  to  the  slaughter : 
/2Ch.3fi.  15,16.       Because  ^when  I  called — ye  did  not  answer  ; 
FJ.'6V^4.'j^'V.        When  I  spake — ye  did  not  hear; 
uJlti.llh.        But  did  evil  before  mine  eyes, 

And  did  choose  that  wherein  I  delighted  not. 
13  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Behold,  my  servants  shall  eat— but  ye  shall  be  hungry  : 
Behold,  my  servants  shall  drink— but  ye  shall  be  thirsty : 
Behold,  my  servants  shall  rejoice— but  ye  shall  be  ashamed : 
^^  Behold,  my  servants  shall  sing  for  joy  of  heart — 
But  ye  shall  cry  for  sorrow  of  heart, 
^Mat.8. 12.  Lu.       ^j-,j  ^'g^all  howl  for  t vexation  of  spirit. 
^^oreaMn,.    ^^  And  yc  shall  kavc  your  name  Hor  a  curse  unto  my  chosen: 
'  ^"  8'"if '^^        Fo»*  the  Lord  God  shall  slay  thee, 

And  'call  his  servants  by  another  name ; 
That  he  who  blesseth  himself  in  the  earth 
Shall  bless  himself  in  the  God  of  truth ; 
jDe.ti.  K?.  Ps.  ^j^d  •'he  that  sweareth  in  the  earth 

""  "  "  "  ^  Shall  swear  by  the  God  of  truth ; 

Because  the  former  troubles  are  forgotten, 
And  because  they  are  hid  from  mine  eyes. 

1^  For,  behold,  I  create  "new  heavens  and  a  new  earth ; 
And  the  'former  shall  not  be  remembered, 
XHeh.nponthe         js^q^  comc  tiuto  mind. 

""""'■  18  But  be  ye  glad  and  rejoice  for  ever  in  that  which  I  create ; 

For,  behold,  I  create  Jerusalem  a  rejoicing. 
And  her  people  a  joy. 
1^  And  I  will  rejoice  in  Jerusalem, 

And  joy  in  my  people ;  ,        j  •     u 

I  Re.  7. 17.  &  21.       And  the  'voice  of  weeping  shall  be  no  more  heard  in  her, 
"■  Nor  the  voice  of  crying. 

20  There  shall  be  no  more  thence  an  infant  of  days. 
Nor  an  old  man  that  hath  not  filled  his  days  ; 
For  the  child  shall  die  an  hundred  years  old  ; 
But  "'the  sinner  being  an  hundred  years  old  shall  be  accursed. 

21  And  "they  shall  build  houses,  and  inhabit  them  ; 
And  they  shall  plant  vineyards,  and  eat  the  fruit  of  them. 

22  They  shall  not  build — and  another  inhabit ; 
They  shall  not  plant — and  another  eat ; 
For  as  the  days  of  a  tree  are  the  days  of  my  people 

^h^'continue'''''  And  mine  elect  *shall  long  enjoy  the  work  of  their  hands. 

loTg^ox,  shall  23  They  shall  not  labor  in  vain, 

^Z."^l\^.  iio.  Nor" "bring  forth  for  trouble;             ,     .    ,     x 

9. 12.  Yox  they  are  the  seed  of  the  blessed  ot  the  Lord, 

And  their  offspring  with  them. 

yPs.32.5.Da.  24  ^nd  it  shall  comc  to  pass,  that  ^before  they  call— I  will  answer 

^■^^"  And  while  they  are  yet  s[)eaking— I  will  hear. 


k  See  Job  14.  12. 


m  Ec. 


n  See  Le.  26. 
Am.  9.  14. 


5.  34,  35. 

48.  49. 


il.llU    Willie    incj    u.1^    j^^   -|  — o 

25  The  wolf  and  the  lamb  shall  feed  together, 
And  the  hon  shall  eat  straw  like  the  bullock : 
And  'dust  shall  be  the  serpent's  meat. 
They  shall  not  hurt  nor  destroy  in  all  my  hoi 

1  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

f^'-ii       The  lieaven  is  my  throne,  _ 


And  the  hon  shall  eat  straw  iiKe  lue  uuuuuiv . 

5Ge.3.i4.              And  'dust  sliall  be  the  serpent's  meat.  [Lord. 

They  shall  not  hurt  nor  destroy  in  all  my  holy  mountain,  saith   the 

V c'l'-e.-il'-Mat.            1  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Isaiah  Ixvi 


VOL.   I 


822 


ISAIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  GLORY  OF  THE  CHURCH.     [Period  Vl. 


t  Ezra  9.  4.  &  10. 
3.  Pr.  28.  14. 

t  Or,  kid. 
uDe.  23.  18. 

J  Heb.  vialceth  a 
memuTiaX  of,  Le. 
2.2. 


t  Or,  ieo-ft. 


X  Or,  brigliUu 


yiThc%.  1.8. 


And  the  eartli  is   tny  footstool — where   is  the   house  that  ye  build 

And  where  is  the  phice  of  niy  rest  ?  [unto  me  ? 

-  For  all  those  things  hath  my  hand  made, 

And  all  those  things  have  been,  saith  the  Lord  : 

But  to  this  man  will  I  look, 

Even  "to  him  that  is  poor  and  of  a  contrite  spirit, 

And  'trembleth  at  my  word. 

^  He  that  killeth  an  o.\ — is  as  if  he  slew  a  man  ; 

He  that  sacrificeth  a  Uamb — as  if  he  "cut  oft'  a  dog's  neck  ; 

He  that  oftereth  an  oblation — as  if  he  offered  swine's  blood  ; 

He  that  tburneth  incense — as  if  he  blessed  an  idol. 
Yea,  they  have  chosen  their  own  ways, 

And  their  soul  delighteth  in  their  abominations. 
''  I  also  will  choose  their  ^delusions. 

And  will  bring  their  fears  upon  them  ; 

Because  "when  I  called — none  did  answer ; 

When  I  spake — they  did  not  hear ; 

But  they  did  evil  before  mine  eyes, 

And  chose  that  in  which  I  delighted  not. 

^  Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  ye  that  tremble  at  his  word  ; 

Your  brethren  that  hated  you. 

That  cast  you  out  for  my  name's  sake,  said, 

"  Let  the  Lord  be  glorified  :  " 

But  '°he  shall  appear  to  your  joy,  and  they  shall  be  ashamed. 
^  A  voice  of  noise  from  the  city  ! 

A  voice  from  the  temple  ! 

A  voice  of  the  Lord  that  rendereth  recompence  to  his  enemies  ! 
"^  Before  she  travailed,  she  brought  forth ; 

Before  her  pain  came,  she  was  delivered  of  a  man  child. 
^  Who  hath  heard  such  a  thing  ?  who  hath  seen  such  things  ? 

Shall  the  earth  be  made  to  bring  forth  in  one  day  ? 

Or  shall  a  nation  be  born  at  once  ? 

For  as  soon  as  Zion  travailed,  she  brought  forth  her  children. 
^  Shall  I  bring  to  tiie  birth,  and  not  tcause  to  bring  forth  ?  saith  the 
Lord  : 

Shall  I  cause  to  bring  forth,  and  shut  the  womb?  saith  thy  God. 
^^  Rejoice  ye  with  Jerusalem,  and  be  glad  with  her,  all  ye  that  love 

Rejoice  for  joy  with  her,  all  ye  that  mourn  for  her:  [her: 

^^  That  ye  may  suck,  and  be  satisfied  with  thebreasts  of  her  consolations  ; 

That  ye  may  milk  out,  and  be  delighted  with  the  labundance  of  her 
'-  For  thus  saith  the  Lord,  [glory. 

Behold,  I  will  extend  peace  to  her  like  a  river, 

And  the  glory  of  the  Gentiles  like  a  flowing  stream. 

Then  shall  ye  suck, 

Ye  shall  be  borne  upon  her  sides, 

And  be  dandled  upon  her  knees. 
^^  As  one  whom  his  mother  comforteth, 

So  will  I  comfort  you  ; 

And  ye  shall  be  comforted  in  Jerusalem. 
^^  And  when  ye  see  this,  your  heart  shall  rejoice, 

And  ""your  bones  shall  flourish  like  an  herb ; 

And  the  hand  of  the  Lord  shall  be  known  toward  his  servants, 

And  his  indignation  toward  his  enemies. 

^^  For,  -'behold,  the  Lord  will  come  with  fire, 

And  with  his  chariots  like  a  whirlwind, 

To  render  his  anger  with  fury, 

And  his  rebuke  with  flames  of  fire. 


p^j,T  XIII.]  THE  DEATH  OF  HEZEKIAH.  823 

16  For  by  fire  and  by  his  sword  will  the  Lord  plead  with  all  flesh  : 
And  the  skin  of  Uie  Lord  shall  be  many. 

1^  They  that  sanctify  themselves,  and  purify  themselves  m  the 
*  Or,  One  after         *Behind  onc  trcc  in  tiic  midst,  [gardens 

Eating  swine's  flesh,  and  the  abomination,  and  the  mouse, 
Shallbe  consumed  together,  saith  the  Lord. 
18  For  I  know  their  works  and  their  thoughts : 

It  shall  come,  that  I  will  gather  all  nations  and  tongues  ; 
And  they  shall  come,  and  see  my  glory. 
zLu.2.34.         19  ^i^d  ^i  vvill  sct  a  sigu  among  them. 

And  I  will  send  those  that  escape  of  them  unto  the  nations, 
To  Tarshish,  Pul,  and  Lud,  that  draw  the  bow, 
To  Tubal,  and  Javan,  to  the  isles  afar  off". 
That  have  not  heard  my  fame. 
Neither  have  seen  my  glory  ;  ,     r^     ^i 

au.i.  1. 11.  And  "they  shall  declare  my  glory  among  the  Gentiles. 

20  And  they  shall  bring  all  your  brethren 
6  Ro.  15. 16.  Yov  ''an  offering  unto  the  Lord  out  of  all  nations 

^  Or,  coaches.  Upou  horscs,  OJid  in  chariots,  and  in  flitters, 

And  upon  mules,  and  upon  swift  beasts, 
To  my  holy  mountain  Jerusalem,  saith  the  Lord, 
As  the  children  of  Israel  bring  an  offering 
In  a  clean  vessel  into  the  house  of  the  Lord. 
c  Ex.  19.  r.  1  pe.  21  And  I  will  also  take  of  them  for^priests  and  for  Levites,  saith  the  Lord. 
,%  vJ^3:l^ne.  '-'  For  as  ^the  new  heavens  and  the  new  earth,  which  I  will  make, 

21.  J.  ghall  remain  before  me,  saith  the  Lord, 

So  shall  your  seed  and  your  name  remain. 

And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  tfrom  one  new-moon  to  another, 
And  from  one  Sabbath  to  another, 
sMatu.  Shall  ^all  flesh  come  to  worship  before  me,  saith  the  Lord. 

ePs.  65.2.  24  And  they  shall  go  forth,  and  look  upon 

The  carcasses  of  the  men  that  have  transgressed  against  me  ; 
fMa.  9. 44,45,         For  their  Avorm  shall  not  die, 
"8-  Neither  sisall  their  fire  be  quenched, 
■      And  they  shall  be  an  abhorring  unto  all  flesh. 

SECT.  xxvr.  Section  XXYl.—  The  Death  of  Hezekiah. 

—  2  Chron   xxxii  27-31 .  pnrt  of  32.-2  Kings  xx.  part  of  ver  20.-2  Ciiron.  xxxii.  32, 33— 

27  And  Hezekiah  had  exceeding  much  riches  and   honor:  and   he 
made    himself   treasuries    for  silver,  and   for  go  d, 

nanner  oi   ' 
orn,  and  w 
oil-  and  staff"  fo7"aTmi;mie7  of  beast^^^  and  cots  for  flocks    ^o  More- 
""'     .  .,    1    ,.:.._    „:.:„„     „.,.!  ...^c:cf.csmn«  of  flocks  and  herds  in 

over 


\  Hob.  from  new 
moon  to  his  new 
■moot,  and  from 
Sabbatk  to  his 
Sabbath 


*  Heb.  instru-  ctnnP'^ 

ment^  of  desire        SIOUCS 


699*0         27  And  Hezekiah  had  exceeding  much  riches  and  honor:  and   he 
'''  made    himself   treasuries    for  silver,  and   for  god,    and  for  precious 

stones,  and  for  spices,  and  for  shields,  and  for  all  manner  of  ^pleasant 
jewels  ;    ^~^  storehouses  also  for   the  increase  of    corn,  and  ^me   and 
and  stalls  for   all  manner  of  beasts,  and  cots  for  flocks        More- 
he   provided    hi.n  cities,   and  possessions  of  flocks  and  herds  u 
„2Ch.29.i2.      abundance;    for  "God  had  given  him  substance  very  "J"^'?.; /l;"^ 
M.  22.  9, 11.       .same  Hezekiah  also  stopped   the  upper  water-course  of  Gil  on,  ad 
brought  it  straight  down  to  the  west  side  of  the  city  of  David.     And 
Hezekiah  prospered  in  all  his  works.  ^    ,  •  c 

31  Howbeit  in  the  business  of  the  ^ambassadors  of  the  princes  of 
,  •        .      ■         •..,.  „f  4U^  ,,rr^,^Aor  thnt  wns    done 


nterpret- 


.rKi.20.12...  Babylon,  who  ^sent  unto  him  to  inquire  of  the  wonder  that  was  done 
!l\  ,.  in  the  land,  God  left  him,  to  ^try  him,  that  lie  might  know  all  that  was 

in  his  heart.  ,  ,  •    +        i 

X  Heb.  i^ndness-        32  Nq.v  the  rcst  of  the  acts  of  Hczckiah,  and  his  tgood-  ^^  ^^,  ^^  ^^^^^^ 
ness,  '  and  all  his  might,  and  how  he  made  a  poo  ,  and  a  g, 

conduit,  and  brought  water  into  the  city,; behold,  taey  .2Ch.xxxu..art 
%'xxiT''"- '"      are  written  in  ^the  Vision  of  Isaiah  the  prophet,  the  son  ot 


824 


HOSEA  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.     [Period  VI. 


/Pr.  10.  7. 


A.  M.  a6ou( 3279. 

B.  C.    ahout  725. 

a  i.  e.  Hoshea — 

Ed. 
*  Heb.  rendered. 

2  .Sa.  6.  2. 
t  Or,  tribute. 


A.  M.  about  3279. 

B.  C.  about   725. 


f  Heb.  strippelh. 

X  Heb.  say  not  to. 
a  See  Job  14.  IG. 

Je.  17.  1. 
b  Ps.  9.  16.  Pr.  5. 

22. 


Amoz,  'in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  ^aKi.xx.p^^rto/ 
Judah  and  Israel,  and  in  the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Judah 
and  Israel.  -^^  Mnd  Hezekiah  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  "ach.  xxxii.33. 
they  buried  him  in  the  *chiefest  of  the  sepulchres  of  the 
sons  of  David  ;  and  a!l  Judah  and  the  inhabitants  of  Jeru- 
salem did  him  ^honor  at  his  death.  And  Manasseh  his 
son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Kings  xx.partofver.  20,  21. — -"And  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Hezekiah,  —  are  they  not 
written —  ?  '■"  And  Hezekiali  slept  with  his  fathers ;  and  Manasseh  his  son  reigned  in  his 
stead. 

Part  XIII. — Portion  II, 

EVENTS   IN   THE    KINGDOM   OF   ISRAEL   CONTEMPORARY   WITH   THE 

REIGN   OF  HEZEKIAH,   KING  OF   JUDAH. 

Section    I. — Reign   of  Hoshea   King   of  Israel  continued; — Shahnaneser 

invades  the  Dominions  of  Hoshea. 

2  Kings  xvii.  3,  4. 

^  Against  ^him  came  up  Shahnaneser  king  of  Assyria  ;  and  Hoshea 
became  his  servant,  and  *gave  him  tpresents.  "*  And  the  king  of 
Assyria  found  conspiracy  in  Hoshea;  for  he  had  sent  messengers 
to  So  king  of  Egypt,  and  brought  no  present  to  the  king  of  Assyria, 
as  he  had  done  year  by  year :  therefore  the  king  of  Assyria  shut  him 
up,  and  bound  him  in  prison. 

Section  II. — Hosea  predicts  the  Captivity  of  the  Ten  Tribes,  and  exhorts 

the  People  to  repentance. ^^^^ 

Hosea  vii.  to  the  end  of  the  Book. 

A  reproof  of  manifold  sins.  11  God's  wrath  against  them  for  their  hypocrisy.  — Chap.  viii.  1-12  De- 
struction is  threatened  for  their  impiety,  5  and  idolatry.  —  Chap.  ix.  The  distress  and  captivity  of 
Israel  for  their  sins  and  idolatry.  —  Chap.  x.  Israel  is  reproved  and  threatened  for  their  impiety 
and  idolatry. — Chap.  xi.  1  The  ingratitude  of  Israel  unto  God  for  his  benefits,  b  His  Judg- 
ment. 8  God's  mercy  toward  them. — Chap.  xii.  I  A  reproof  of  Ephraim,  Judah,  and  Jacob. 
3  By  former  favors  Hosea  exhorteth  to  repentance.  7  Ephraim's  sins  provoke  God.  —  Chap.  xiii. 
1  Ephraim's  glory,  by  reason  of  idolatry,  vanisheth.  5  God's  anger  for  their  unkindness.  9  A 
promise  of  God's  mercy.  15  A  judgment  for  rebellion. —  Chap.  xiv.  1  An  exhortation  to  re- 
pentance.    4  A  promise  of  God's  blessings. 

^  When  I  would  have  healed  Israel, 
Then  the  iniquity  of  Ephraim  was  discovered, 
And  the  *wickedness  of  Samaria : 
For  they  commit  falsehood  ; 
And  the  thief  cometh  in. 
And  the  troop  of  robbers  fspoilcth  without. 
And  they  tconsider  not  in   their  hearts  that  "I   remember  all  their 

wickedness : 
Now  'their  own  doings  have  beset  them  about ; 
They  are  before  my  face. 


(*')  These  chapters  must  have  been  delivered 
before  the  ten  tribes  were  taken  captive,  as  the 
propiiet  not  only  denounces  vengeance  against 
them,  but  constantly  addresses  them  as  a  nation 
still  in  existence — they  must  likewise  have  been 
spoken  after  Hoshea.  king  of  Israel,  had  revolted 
from  Assyria,  and  entered  into  treaty  with  So,  king 
of  Egypt  (2  Kings  xvii.  4),  because  the  prophet  al- 
ludes to  this  circumstance  in  chap.  vii.  1 1 ,  and  xii. 
1.  The  alliance  with  Egypt  was  formed  in  725, 
Shalmaneser  immediately  afterwards  led  his  army 
against  Samaria,  which  place,  after  a  siege  of  three 
years,  was  taken  ;  and  Ephraim,  as  a  nation,  de- 
stroyed in  721  B.  C. 

Ilosea,  in  one  continued  strain  of  invective,  de- 
claims in  these  chapters  against  the  sins  of  Israel, 
exposes  the  spiritual  whoredoms  of  those  who  wor- 
sliipped  the  vain  idols  erected  at  Beth-cl  and  Beth- 
aven,  chap.  viii.  5.  chap  x.  5.  calling  on  .Tudah  to 
shun  pollutions  so  offensive  to  .lehovah.  He  de- 
nounces vengeance  on  Ephraim,  for  their  applica- 


to  Egypt,  against  which  they  had  been  so  often 
ned.     He  foretells   the  punishment   of  Judah, 


tion  (        _.  .        _ 

warned.  He  foretells  the  punishment  of  Judah, 
and  the  demolition  of  its  cities,  chap.  viii.  14, — and 
their  future  restoration,  chap.  xiv.  4.  8  ;  the  calling 
of  our  Saviour  out  of  Egypt,  chap.  xi.  1 ;  the  terrors 
of  the  last  judgment  figuratively  represented  in  the 
impending  destruction  of  Samaria,  chap.  x.  8.  He 
animates  the  people,  amidst  these  denunciations 
of  wrath,  to  cultivate  righteousness  and  mercy,  in 
the  expectation  of  the  blessings  of  the  Lord,  chap. 
X.  12  ;  and  in  the  assurances  of  a  final  ransom  from 
the  powers  of  the  grave,  and  of  a  redemption  from 
death,  to  be  vanquished  and  destroyed,  chap.  xiii. 
14.  His  work  may  be  considered  as  a  noble  exor- 
dium against  those  general  offences  which  the 
prophets  who  succeeded  him  more  particularly 
detailed  ;  as  well  as  a  diffuse  revelation  of  those 
judgments  which  were  afterwards  more  minutely 
described. — Gray's  Key,  p. 427. — Lightfoot's  Chron- 
icle in  loc. 


HOSEA  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.    825 

3  They  make  the  king  glad  with  their  wickedness, 
Ro.  1. 32.  _\nd  the  princes  'with  their  hes. 

4  They  are  all  adulterers,  as  an  oven  heated  by  the  baker, 

Or,  The  raiser         *\Vho  ccascth  tfroni  raising  after  he  hath  kneaded  the  dough,  until 
"^oxjromwak-  it  bc  leavcned,  •  ,    +    ■  ,   u      i 

"'°'    ithh^at       ^  Ii^  the  day  of  our  king  the  princes  have  made  hun  sick  twith  bottles 
'SrmghwZ':  He  Stretched  out  his  hand  with  scorners.  [of  wme ; 

^  Or,  applied.         6  Yox  they  have  *made  ready  their  heart  like  an  oven. 

While  they  lie  in  wait : 

Their  baker  sleepeth  all  the  night ; 

In  the  morning  it  burneth  as  a  flaming  fire. 
''  They  are  all  hot  as  an  oven, 

And  have  devoured  their  judges  ; 

All  their  kings  are  fallen  : 

There  is  none  among  them  that  calleth  unto  me. 

8  Ephraim,  he  hath  mixed  himself  among  the  people  ; 

Ephraim  is  a  cake  not  turned. 
9  Strangers  have  devoured  his  strength— and  he  knoweth  it  not : 
^n^h.  sprinkled.        Yg^,  gray  hairs  are  there  and  there  upon  him — yet  he  knoweth  not. 

10  And  tlie  pride  of  Israel  testifieth  to  his  face  : 
And  they  do  not  return  to  the  Lord  their  God, 
Nor  seek  him  for  all  this. 

11  Ephraim  also  is  like  a  silly  dove  without  heart : 
d  See  2  Ki.  15.  They  '^call  to  Egypt,  they  go  to  Assyria. 

^^- ""  ^^-  '■        12  When  they  shall  go,  I  will  spread  my  net  upon  them ; 
I  will  bring  them  down  as  the  fowls  of  the  heaven  ; 
I  will  chastise  them,  'as  their  congregation  hath  heard. 

13  Woe  unto  them  !   for  they  have  fled  from  me  : 
^Destruction  unto  them  !  because  they  have  transgressed  against  me  : 
Though  I  have  redeemed  them— yet  they  have  spoken  hes  against  me. 
1"!  And  they  have  not  cried  unto  me  with  their  heart, 
When  they  howled  upon  their  beds : 
They  assemble  themselves  for  corn  and  wine. 
And  they  rebel  against  me. 

15  Though  I  *have  bound  and  strengthened  their  arms, 
Yet  do  they  imagine  mischief  against  me. 

16  They  return — but  not  to  the  Most  High : 
They  are  like  a  deceitful  bow : 

Their  princes  shall  fall  by  the  sword  for  the  rage  of  their  tongue : 
This  shall  be  their  derision  in  the  land  of  Egypt. 

1  Set  the  trumpet  to  fthy  mouth.  Hosea  viii 

He  shall  come  ^as  an  eagle  against  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
Because  they  have  transgressed  my  covenant, 
And  trespassed  against  my  law. 

2  Israel  shall  cry  unto  me,  My  God,  ^we  know  thee. 

3  Israel  hath  cast  ofl^  the  thing  that  is  good : 
The  enemy  shall  pursue  him. 

4  They  'have  set  up  kings — but  not  by  me : 
They  have  made  princes— and  I  knew  it  not : 
Of  their  silver  and  their  gold  have  they  made  them  idols, 
That  they  may  be  cut  oft\ 

5  Thy  calf,  O  Samaria !  hath  cast  thee  off" ; 
Mine  anger  is  kindled  against  them  : 
How  long  will  it  be  ere  they  attain  to  innocency  ? 
6  For  from  Israel  was  it  also  : 
The  workman  made  it ;  therefore  it  is  not  God ; 
But  the  calf  of  Samaria  shall  be  broken  in  pieces. 
VOL.  I.  104 


e  Le.  25.  14,  &c. 
2  Ki.  17.  13,  18. 

t  Heb.  Spoil. 


•  Or,  chastened. 


j  Heb.  the  roof  of 

thy  mouth. 
/De.  28.  49.  Je. 

4.  13.  Hab.  1.  8. 


g  Tit.  1.  IG. 


/i2Ki.  15.  13,17, 
25,  Shallum, 
Menahem,  Pe- 
kabiah. 


S^G  HOSEA  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.     [Pe 


raoD  VL 


J:  Or,  standing 
curn. 


j  2Ki.  17.  6. 


k  2  Ki.  15.  19. 
*  Heb.  loves. 


t  Or,  begin. 
%  Or,  ill  a  little 

wliile,  us  Hug. 

2.  U. 


m  Be.  4.  6,  8. 

*  Or,  111  the  sacri- 
fices of  mine 
offerings,  they, 

4-c. 
n  De.  28.  G8. 
0  De.  32.  18. 


f  Or,  in,  ^c. 
X  Or,  wine-vat. 


r  I.P.  25.  23.  Je. 
2.  7.  i^  Hi.  Itj. 

9  Ho.  8.  13.  &.  11. 
5.  Not  into  Kaypt 

itSflf,   l.ll!   ilJtO 

another  l)oiul;ige 
R3  bad  as  timt. 

t  Ez.  4.  13.  Da.  1. 
8. 

K2Ki.  17.  G. 

V  De.  2(3.  14. 

10  Le.  17.  11. 


Heb.  spoil. 


t  Or,  r/ieiV  si/cer 
shall  l:e  desired, 
the  ne.'Ue,  IS,'-. 
Heb.  The  desire. 


X  Heb.  mail  of 
the  spirii.  Ez. 
13.  3,  X:c.  .Min. 

2.  11.  Zep.  3.  4. 
X  Jo.  I..  17.  Kz. 

3.  17. 

*  Or,  against, 
ylu.  19.  2J. 


'''  For  "tliey  have  sown  the  wind — and  tliey  shall  reap  the  whirlwind  : 

It  hath  no  tstalk — the  bud  shall  yield  no  meal : 

If  so  be  it  yield — the  strangers  sliall  swallow  it  up. 
^  Israel  -'is  swallowed  up  : 

Now  shall   they  be  among   the  Gentiles   as  a  vessel  wherein  is  no 
pleasure. 
^  For  *they  are  gone  up  to  Assyria,  a  wild  ass  alone  by  himself: 

Ephraim  hath  hired  *lovers. 
^^  Yea,  though  they  have  hired  among  the  nations,  now  will  I  gather 
them, 

And  they  shall  f sorrow  ta little  for  the  burden  of  'the  king  of  princes. 
^^  Because  Ephraim  hath  made  many  altars  to  sin, 

Altars  shall  be  unto  him  to  sin. 
^~  I  have  written  to  him  '"the  great  things  of  my  law. 

But  they  were  counted  as  a  strange  thing. 
^^  *They  sacrifice  tlesh  for  the  sacrifices  of  mine  ofterings,  and  eat  it ; 

But  the  Lord  accepteth  them  not ; 

Now  will  he  remember  their  iniquity,  and  visit  their  sins : 

They  "shall  return  to  Egypt. 
^^  For  "Israel  hath  forgotten  'his  Maker,  and  'buildeth  temples ; 

And  Judah  hath  multiplied  fenced  cities  : 

But  I  will  send  a  fire  upon  his  cities, 

And  it  shall  devour  the  palaces  thereof. 

^  Rejoice  not,  O  Israel  !  for  joy,  as  other  people  :  Hosea  ix. 

For  thou  hast  gone  a  whoring  from  thy  God, 

Thou  hast  loved  a  reward  tupon  every  corn-floor. 
^  The  floor  and  the  twinepress  shall  not  feed  them, 

And  the  new  wine  shall  fail  in  her. 
^  They  shall  not  dwell  in  'the  Lord's  land  ; 

But  'Ephraim  shall  return  to  Egypt, 

And  'they  shall  eat  unclean  things  "in  Assyria. 
^  They  shall  not  offer  wine  ofierings  to  the  Lord, 

Neither  shall  they  be  pleasing  unto  hiin  : 

Their  "sacrifices  shall  be  unto  them  as  the  bread  of  mourners  ; 

All  that  eat  thereof  shall  be  polluted  ; 

For  their  bread  "for  their  soul  shall  not  come  into  the  house  of  the 
Lord. 
•^  What  will  ye  do  in  the  solemn  day, 

And  in  the  day  of  the  feast  of  the  Lord  ? 
^  For,  lo  !   they  are  gone  because  of  *  destruction  : 

Egypt  shall  gather  them  up,  Memj)his  shall  bury  them  : 

f  The  pleasant  places  for  their  silver,  nettles  shall  possess  them : 

Thorns  shall  be  in  their  tabernacles. 
''  The  days  of  visitation  are  come, 

The  days  of  recompence  are  come ; 

Israel  shall  know  it  : 

The  prophet  is  a  fool,  tthe  spiritual  man  is  mad. 

For  the  multitude  of  thine  iniquity,  and  the  great  hatred. 
^  The  ""watchman  of  Ephraim  was  with  my  God  : 

But  the  prophet  is  a  snare  of  a  fowler  in  all  his  ways. 

And  hatred  *in  the  house  of  his  God. 
'•'  They  have  deeply  corrupted  themselves,  as  in  the  days  of  "Gibeah  : 

Therefore  He  will  remember  their  iniquity. 

He  will  visit  their  sins. 

'°  I  found  Israel  like  grapes  in  the  wilderness  ; 

I  saw  your  fathers  as  the  first-ripe  in  the  fig  tree  at  her  first  time  : 

But  they  went  to  *'Baal-peor, 


Part  XIIL]  HOSEA  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.     827 


«  Je.  11.  13.  See 
Ju.  6.  32. 


6  De.  28.  41,  62. 

cDe.  31.  17. 

2  Ki.  17.  18. 
d  See  1  Sa.  28. 

15,  16. 
e  See  Ez.  xxvi. 

to  xxviii. 

f  Heb.  that  cast- 
eth  the  fruit.  Lu. 
23.  29. 


t  Heb.  the  desires. 
Ez.  24.  21. 


/De.  28.  64,  65. 

*  Or,  a  vine  emp- 
tying the  fruit 
which  it  giveth. 


f  Heb.  statues, 

or,  standing 

images. 
J  Or,  He  hath 

divided  their 

heart, 
g  1  Ki.  18.  21. 

Mat.  6.  24. 
*  Heb.  behead. 


h  See  De.  29.  18. 

Am.  5.  7.  &  6. 

12.  Ac.  8.  23. 

He.  12.  li. 
t  1  Ki.  12.  28,  29. 
t  Or,  Chemarim, 

2  Ki.  23.  5.  Zep. 

1.4. 


X  Heb.  the  face  of 

the  water. 
j  De.  9.  21.  1  Ki. 

12.  30. 

k  Is.  2.  19.  Lu. 
23.  30.  Re.  ti. 
16.  &  9.  6. 


/  See  Ju.  XX. 
m  De.  28.  63. 


*  Or,  T  shall  bind 
them  for  their 
two  transgres- 
sions, or,  in  their 
two  habitations. 

•f  Heb.  the  beauty 
qf  her  neck. 


And  separated  themselves  "unto  that  shame  ; 
And  their  abominations  were  according  as  they  loved. 
^1  As  for  Ephraim,  their  glory  shall  fly  away  like  a  bird, 

From  the  birth,  and  from  the  womb,  and  from  the  conception. 

12  Though  they  bring  up  their  children. 

Yet  Svill  I  bereave  them,  that  there  shall  not  be  a  man  iett : 
Yea    'woe  also  to  them  when  ''I  depart  from  them  1 

13  Ephraim,  ^is  I  saw  Tyrus,  is  planted  in  a  pleasant  place : 
But  Ephraim  shall  bring  forth  his  children  to  the  murderer. 

14  Give  them,  O  Lord  '.—what  wilt  thou  give  ? 

Give  them  a  trniscarrying  womb  and  dry  breasts. 
15  All  their  wickedness  is  in  Gilgal : 

For  there  I  hated  them  :  .„    ,  •        ,  .     f  _,. 

For  the  wickedness  of  their  doings  I  will  drive  them  out  ot  my 

I  will  love  them  no  more  :  L  °"^®' 

All  their  princes  are  revolters. 
1^  Ephraim  is  smitten, 

Their  root  is  dried  up,  they  shall  bear  no  fruit : 

Yea,  though  they  bring  forth, 

Yet  will  I  slay  even  tthe  beloved  fruit  of  their  womb. 
1^  My  God  will  cast  them  away, 

Because  they  did  not  hearken  unto  him ; 

And  they  shall  be  ^wanderers  among  the  nations. 

1  Israel  is  *an  empty  vine,  Hosea  x. 

He  bringeth  forth  fruit  unto  himself:  ,    ,       u 

According  to  the  multitude  of  his  fruit— he  hath  increased  the  altars  : 

According  to  the  goodness  of  his  land-they  have  made  goodly 

2  tTheir  heart  is  divided- now  shall  they  be  found  faulty :     [timages. 
He  shall  *break  down  their  altars, 

He  shall  spoil  their  images. 

3  For  now  they  shall  say. 

We  have  no  king,  because  we  feared  not  the  Lord  ; 
What  then  should  a  king  do  to  us  ? 

■*  They  have  spoken  words, 
Swearing  falsely  in  making  a  covenant :  x- ..     ^  i  j 

Thus  judgment  s,)ringeth  up  'as  hemlock  in  the  furrows  of  the  field. 

5  The  inhabitants  of  Samaria  shall  fear  because  of  'the  calves  of  Beth- 
For  the  people  thereof  shall  mourn  over  it,  L^ven , 
And  tthe  priests  thereof  that  rejoiced  on  it. 
For  the  glory  thereof,  because  it  is  departed  from  it. 

6  It  shall  be  also  carried  unto  Assyria  for  a  present  to  king  Jareb : 
Ephraim  shall  receive  shame, 

And  Israel  shall  be  ashamed  of  his  own  counsel. 

7  As  for  Samaria,  her  king  is  cut  off"  as  the  foam  upon  tthe  water, 
s  The  high  places  also  of  Aven,  nhe  sin  of  Israel,  shall  be  destroyed  : 

The  thorn  and  the  thistle  shall  come  up  on  their  altars  ; 

And  Hhey  shall  say  to  the  mountains,  Cover  us ! 

And  to  the  hills,  Fall  on  us  !  r  /^u     i 

9  O  Israel !   thou  hast  sinned  from  the  days  of  Gibeah  : 
There  they  stood :  ..   .     •      j-j 

The  'battle  in  Gibeah  against  the  children  of  iniquity  did  not  over- 

10  It  "is  in  my  desire  that  I  should  chastise  them  ;  [take  them. 
And  the  people  shall  be  gathered  against  them, 
When  *they  shall  bind  themselves  in  their  two  furrows. 

11  And  Ephraim  is  as  a  heifer  that  is  taught, 
And  loveth  to  tread  out  the  corn  ; 
But  I  passed  over  upon  ther  fair  neck : 


p2Ki. 
19.  13 


828  HOSEA  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.     [Period  VI. 

I  will  make  Epinaim  to  ride ; 

Judah  shall  plough, 

And  Jacob  shall  break  his  clods. 
nPr.  18.21.  12  g^^y  »jq  yourselvcs  in  righteousness — reap  in  mercy; 

Break  up  your  fallow  ground  : 

For  it  is  time  to  seek  tiie  Lord, 

Till  he  come  and  rain  righteousness  upon  you. 
0  See  Job  4. 8.      13  Ye  "have  ploughed  wickedness — ye  have  reaped  iniquity  ; 

Ye  have  eaten  the  fruit  of  lies : 

Because  thou  didst  trust  in  thy  way, 

In  the  multitude  of  thy  mighty  men. 
^'^  Therefore  shall  a  tumult  arise  among  thy  people, 

And  all  thy  fortresses  shall  be  spoiled, 

As  Shalman  spoiled  'Beth-arbel  in  the  day  of  battle  : 

The  mother  was  daslied  in  pieces  upon  her  children. 
\^our'JM. '"" ""^  ^^  ^*^  ^'^^''  Beth-el  do  unto  you  because  of  tyour  great  wickedness  : 

In  a  morning  shall  the  king  of  Israel  utterly  be  cut  oft'. 

^  When  Israel  was  a  child,  then  I  loved  him,  Hosea  xi. 

q  Mat.  2. 15.  And  'callcd  my  ""son  out  of  Egypt. 

r  See  Ex  4  22 

23.       '  ■    '      ^  As  they  called  them,  so  they  went  from  them  : 

«2Ki.  ]7. 16.  They  'sacrificed  unto  Baalim,  and  burned  incense  to  graven  images. 

'10-12.' isV 4^.3^'    ^  ^  'taught  Ephraim  also  to  go,  taking  them  by  their  arms  ; 
« Ex.  15. 20.  But  they  knew  not  that  "I  healed  them. 

^  I  drew  them  with  cords  of  a  man,  with  bands  of  love  : 
*Heb.  lift  up.  And  I  was  to  them  as  they  that  *take  off  the  yoke  on  their  jaws, 

And  I  laid  meat  unto  them. 

^  He  shall  not  return  into  the  land  of  Egypt, 
But  the  Assyrian  shall  be  his  king. 
Because  "they  refused  to  return. 
^  And  the  sword  shall  abide  on  his  cities. 
And  shall  consume  his  branches,  and  devour  them, 
Because  of  their  own  counsels. 
''  And  my  people  are  bent  to  backsliding  from  me  : 
Though  they  called  them  to  the  Most  High, 
tNone  at  all  would  e.xalt  him. 

^  How  shall  I  give  thee  up,  Ephraim  ? 
How  shall  I  deliver  thee,  Israel  ? 
""iw.fi^U:^'        How  shall  I  make  thee  as  '"Admah  ? 

How  shall  I  set  thee  as  Zeboim  ? 
^fi3.^'i5.^jf^3if'        •'^''^y  "^heart  is  turned  within  me, 
20-  My  repentings  are  kindled  together. 

^  I  will  not  execute  the  fierceness  of  mine  anger, 
I  will  not  return  to  destroy  Ephraim : 
For  I  am  God,  and  not  man  ; 
The  Holy  One  in  the  midst  of  thee  : 
And  I  will  not  enter  into  the  city. 
^°  They  shall  walk  after  the  Lord  : 
He  shall  roar  like  a  lion  : 

When  he  shall  roar,  then  the  children  shall  tremble  from  the  west. 
^^  They  shall  tremble  as  a  bird  out  of  Egypt, 
And  as  a  dove  out  of  the  land  of  Assyria : 
And  I  will  place  them  in  their  houses,  saith  the  Lord. 

^~  Ephraim  compasseth  me  about  with  lies. 
And  the  house  of  Israel  with  deceit  : 
But  Judah  yet  ruleth  with  God, 
'mo's'tZfy!^'  And  is  faithful  twith  the  saints. 


i2Ki.  17.  13,14. 


r  Heb.  Together 
they  exalted  not 


Part  XIIL]         HOSEA  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.       829 

^  Ephraim  feedeth  on    wind,  and  followeth  after  the  Hosea  xii. 

east  wind : 
He  daily  increaseth  lies  and  desolation  ; 
J, 2  Ki.  17.4.  And  '•'they  do  make  a  covenant  with  the  Assyrians, 

And  oil  is  carried  into  Egypt. 
2  The  Lord  hath  also  a  controversy  with  Judah, 
*Heb.  visit  upon.       ^.nd  will  *punish  Jacob  according  to  his  ways  ; 

According  to  his  doings  will  he  recompense  him. 
I  Ge.  25. 26.  3  jjg  ^Qok  liis  brother  ''by  the  heel  in  the  womb, 

t  Heb.  was  a  And  by  his  strength  he  thad  power  with  God  : 

E&'i/       4  Yea,  he  had  power  over  the  Angel,  and  prevailed  : 
^ncdy.  Ge.  .-52.       jj^  ^^^^^^  ^^^ j  ^^^^^^  supplication  unto  him  : 

aGe.28. 12,19.        He  found  him  iu  "Beth-el,  and  there  he  spake  with  us  ; 
&  35.  9,  10,  15.      ^  ^^^^^  ^j^^  ^^^^  ^^^  ^^  j^^g^g  . 

6Ex.  3. 15.  The  Lord  is  his  ''memorial. 

6  Therefore  turn  thou  to  thy  God  : 

Keep  mercy  and  judgment, 

And  wait  on  thy  God  continually. 
J  Or,  Canaan:  7  jjg  jg  ta  uierchaut,  the  'balances  of  deceit  are  in  his  hand  : 


See  Ez.  16.  ...  -,-r      ^  i     .       * 

r  Pr.  11. 1.  Am.         Hc  lovcth  to    opprcss 


^■^-      .  8  And  Ephraim  said,  "  Yet  I  am  become  rich, 

■  Or,  deceive.  i  , 

I  have  found  me  out  substance  : 
Or, mmy  la-         ^j^  a,ll  my  labors  they  shall  find  none  iniquity  in  me  tthat  were  sin." 
And  I  that  am  the  Lord  thy  God  from  the  land  of  Egypt 
Will  ''yet  make  thee  to  dwell  in  tabernacles, 
As  in  the  days  of  the  solemn  feasts. 
I  "have  also  spoken  by  the  prophets, 
And  I  have  multiplied  visions, 
aian.  13.  And  used  similitudes,  *by  the  ministry  of  the  prophets. 

*hlnd:  '"■' ""       ^^  Is  there  iniquity  in  Gilead  ?— surely  they  are  vanity  : 
They  sacrifice  bullocks  in  Gilgal  ; 

Yea,  their  altars  are  as  heaps  in  the  furrows  of  the  fields. 
/Ge.  28. 5.  Dc.  12  And  Jacob  -^fled  into  the  country  of  Syria, 

/Ge!29.2o,28.        And  Isracl  'served  for  a  wife, 
And  for  a  wife  he  kept  sheep. 
fsll'    ^^  ^"^  '^y  ^  prophet  the  Lord  brought  Israel  out  of  Egypt, 
And  by  a  prophet  was  he  preserved. 
14  Ephraim  'provoked  him  to  anger  tmost  bitterly  : 
Therefore  shall  he  leave  his  tblood  upon  him, 
I  Heh.  bloods^:  And  his  reproach  shall  his  Lord  return  unto  him. 

Til'^i!!:  '^"  1  When  Ephraim  spake  trembling — he  exalted  himself  Hosea  xiii. 

in  Israel ; 
j2Ki.  17.  IP,  18.       But  ^when  he  offended  in  Baal — he  died. 
*  Heb.  they  add      2  And  uow  *they  sin  more  and  more, 
''"™"  And  have  made  them  molten  images  of  their  silver, 

And  idols  according  to  their  own  understanding. 
All  of  it  the  work  of  the  craftsmen  : 
]  Or,  the sacHfices       They  sav  of  them,  "  Let  tthe  men  that  sacrifice  *kiss  the  calves." 
fclKTig.  18.        3  Therefore  they  shall  be  as  the  morning  cloud, 
And  as  the  early  dew  that  passeth  away, 

As  the  chaff  that  is  driven  with  the  whirlwind  out  of  the  floor, 
And  as  the  smoke  out  of  the  chimney. 
4  Yet  I  am  the  Lord  thy  God  from  the  land  of  Egypt, 
And  thou  shalt  know  no  god  but  me  ; 
jDe.2.7.&32.        YoT  thcrc  is  uo  saviour  besides  me. 
,„  De.  8. 15.  5  I  ifjid  know  thee  in  the  wilderness, 

X  Heb.  droa.rhts.        lu  "'thc  land  of  tgreat  drought. 

VOL.    I.  ^^ 


burs  suffice  me 

not :  he  shall 

have  piinishinent 

of  iniquity  in. 

whvin  is  sin. 
I  Heb.  which. 
d  he.  23.  42,  43. 

Neh.  8.  17.  Zee. 

1 


A  Ex 

&  i: 

11.  Mic.  6.  4. 

i  2  Ki.  17.  11-18. 
t  Heb.  with  bitter- 
nesses. 


830  HOSEA  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.     [Period  VI. 


n  De.  8.  12,  14. 
&  32. 15. 


*  Heb.  The  beast 
of  tlie  field. 

p  Pr.  6.  32.  Mai. 
1.  9. 

tHeb.  i7jeA!//je?p. 

i  Rather,  IVhere 
is  Uiy  kia^  1 
king  Hoshea 
being  then  in 
prison,  2  Ki.  17. 
4. 

7  De.  32.  36. 

r  1  Sa.  8.  5,  19. 

s  1  Sa.  8.  7.  &  10. 
19.  &  15.  22,  23. 
&  J6.  1. 

t  De.  32.  34.  Job 
14.  17. 

*  Heb.  a  time. 

t  Heb.  tlie  hand. 
u  1  Co.  15.54,5.^. 


II  Je.  15.  6.  Ro. 

J1.29. 
icSee  Ge.  41.  5£ 

&.  48.  19. 


X  Heb.  vessels  of 

desire.  Nah.  2. 

9. 
*  Fulfilled,  B.  C. 

about  721. 

2  Ki.  17.  li. 
z2Ki.  18.  12. 
»/2Ki.  8.  12.  & 

15.  IG.  Is.  13. 

Ifi.  Am.  1.  13. 

Nah.  3.  10. 


t  '^fj  5'«'-"c  i'ood. 
2  Heb.  13.  15. 


a  Eph.  1.  6. 


b  Job  29.  19.  Pi 

19.  12. 
I  Or,  blnsaom. 
*  Heb.  strike. 
t  Heb.  shall  go 


I  Or,  blossom. 
*  Or,  memorial. 


^  According  "to  their  pasture,  so  were  they  filled ; 

They  were  filled — and  their  heart  was  exalted ; 

Therefore  have  they  forgotten  me. 
"^  Therefore  I  will  be  unto  them  as  a  lion  : 

As  a  leopard  by  the  way  will  I  observe  them  : 
^  I  will  meet  them  "as  a  bear  that  is  bereaved  of  her  whelps, 

And  will  rend  the  caul  of  their  heart, 

And  there  will  I  devour  them  like  a  lion  : 

*The  wild  beast  shall  tear  them. 

^  O  Israel !  ''thou  hast  destroyed  thyself — but  in  me  tis  thy  help. 

10  n  will  be  thy  king  : 

Where  'is  any  other  that  may  save  thee  in  all  thy  cities  ? 

And  thy  judges  of  whofn  '"thou  saidst,  "  Give  me  a  king  and  princes?" 

11  I  'gave  thee  a  king  in  mine  anger — and  took  him  away  in  my  wrath. 

'-  The  'iniquity  of  Ephraim  is  bound  up  ;  his  sin  is  hid. 
1^  The  sorrows  of  a  travailing  woman  shall  come  upon  him : 
He  is  an  unwise  son  ; 

For  he  should  not  stay  *long  in  the  place  of  the  breaking  forth  of 
children. 
1'*  I  will  ransom  them  from  tthe  power  of  the  grave  ; 
I  will  redeem  them  from  death  : 
O  "death,  I  will  be  tliy  plagues  ! 

0  grave,  I  will  be  thy  destruction  ! 
Repentance  "shall  be  hid  from  mine  eyes. 

1-^  Though  "he  be  fruitful  among  his  brethren,  an  east  wind  shall 

The  wind  of  the  Lord  shall  come  up  from  the  wilderness,      [come, 

And  liis  spring  siiall  become  dry. 

And  his  fountain  shall  be  dried  up  : 

He  shall  spoil  the  treasure  of  all  tpleasant  vessels. 
1^  Samaria  *shall  become  desolate  ; 

For  ""she  hath  rebelled  against  her  God : 

They  '■'shall  fall  by  the  sword  : 

Their  infants  shall  be  dashed  in  pieces, 

And  their  women  with  ciiild  shall  be  ripped  up. 

'  O  Israel  !  return  unto  the  Lord  thy  God  ;  Hosea  xiv. 

For  thou  hast  fallen  by  thine  iniquity. 
~  Take  with  you  words,  and  turn  to  the  Lord  : 

Say  unto  him.  Take  away  all  iniquity,  and  treceive  us  graciously  : 

So  will  we  render  the  'calves  of  our  lips. 
^  Asshur  shall  not  save  us  ; 

We  will  not  ride  upon  horses : 

Neither  will  we  say  any  more  to  the  work  of  our  hands, 

Ye  are  our  gods  ; 

For  in  thee  the  fatherless  findeth  mercy. 

''  I  will  heal  their  backsliding,  I  will  love  them  "freely  : 

For  mine  anger  is  turned  away  from  him. 
^  I  will  be  as  Hhe  dew  unto  Israel : 

He  shall  tgrow  as  the  lily. 

And  *cast  forth  his  roots  as  Lebanon. 
^  His  branches  tshall  spread. 

And  his  beauty  shall  be  as  the  olive  tree, 

And  his  smell  as  Lebanon. 
"^  They  that  dwell  under  his  shadow  shall  return  ; 

They  shall  rtnive  as  the  corn,  and  tgrow  as  the  vine  : 

The  *scent  thereof  shall  be  as  the  wine  of  Lebanon. 
^  Ephraim  shall  say.  What  have  I  to  do  any  more  with  idols  ? 

1  have  heard  him,  and  observed  him  : 


Paux  XIII.]  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.  831 

I  am  like  a  green  fir  tree. 
cJa.  1. 17.  From  'me  is  thy  fruit  found. 

d  Ps.  107. 43.  Je.  9  ^|^q  <'ig  ^iso — aucl  lie  shall  understand  these  thmgs? 

Ecd.'ay.al.'a?."       Prudent — and  he  shall  know  them  ? 


Jo.  8.47.  &18. 
37. 

e  Pr.  10.  2a.  Lu. 
2.  34.  -2  Co.  2. 
16.  1  Pe.  2.  7,  £ 


For  "the  ways  of  the  Lord  are  right,  and  the  just  shall  walk  in  them  ; 
But  the  transgressors  shall  fall  therein. 

[end  of  the  book  of  the  prophet  hosea.] 

SECT.  III.       Section  UL— Reign  of  Iloshea  continued ;— Captivity  of  the  Ten  Tribes. 

2  Kings  .xviii.  9-12,  and  xvii.  7-23,  and  5,  G. 

A.   M.  3281  to  '  ^    ,  .  TT         1  •    I  1  •    1 

^\nd  it  came  to  pass  in   the  fourth  year  of  kmg  Hezekiah,  which 
""■   V2f  '"     was  the  seventh  year  of  Hoshea  son  of  Elah  king  of  Israel   that  Shal- 

—  maneser  king  of  Assyria  came  up   against   Samaria,  and   besieged  it 
10  And  at  the  end  of  three  years  they  took  it:  even  in  the  sixth  year  ot 

aForetoMby       Hezekiah,  that  is  the  ninth   year  of  Hoshea  king  of  Israel,  Samaria 

Hosea,,h.xUi.  ^^^^^^  ^^,.^^^_  u  And  thc  king  of  Assyria  did  "^carry  away  Israel  unto 
Assyria,  and  piit  them  in  Halah  and  in  Habor  by  the  river  of  Gozan, 
and  in  the  cities  of  the  Modes;  ^^  because  'they  obeyed  not  the  voice 

J  Da.  9. 6, 10.  of  the  Lord  their  God,  but  transgressed  his  covenant,  and  all  that 
Moses  the  servant  of  the  Lord  commanded,  and  would  not  hear  them, 
nor  do  them.  ''For  so  it  was,  that  the  children  of  Israel  2King^sxvii. 
had  sinned  against  the  Lord  their  God,  which  had  brought  —  ■ 

them  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  from  under  the  hand  of  Pharaoh 
kin-  of  Egypt,  and  had  feared   other  gods,  ^and    walked  in  the  stat- 

c  Le.  18. 3.  „teJ  of  the  heathen,  whom  the  Lord  cast  out  from  before  the  children 
of  Israel,  and  of  the  kings  of  Israel,  which  they  had  made.  -^  And  the 
children  of  Israel  did  secretly  those  things  that  were  not  right  agamst 
the  Lord  their  God,  and  they  built  them  high  places  in  all  their  cities 
from  the  tower  of  the  watchmen  to   the  fenced  city.  i«  And   they  set 

*  Hob.  s,a,ues.      ji^gm  up  *imacres  and  "proves  in  every  high  hill,  and  under  every  green 

rfEx.34.i3.De.   tree    11  And  There  they  burnt  incense  in  all  the  high  places,  as  did 

H.''-  ''''■'•     the  heathen  whom  the  Lord  carried  away  before  them  ;  and  wrought 

wicked  things  to   provoke   the    Lord    to  anger  ;    'J fo^-^l^^ /^^.^.^ 

e  Ex.  20. 3, 4.      i^ols    Svhcreof  the  Lord  had  said  unto  them,  "  Ye  ^shall  not  do  this 

Le.  26.  1.  .       '  ,, 

U^eh.'hyo^e  is'vet  thc  LoRD  testified  against  Israel,  and  against  Judah,  tby  all 

XilL      the  prophets,  and  by  all  the  seers,  saying,  "  Turn  »^ye  from  your  evi 
V5?5?&35.]5.  '    and  keep  my  commandments  and  my  statutes,  according  to  all 

the   law  which    I  commanded  your  fathers,  and  which   I  sent   to  you 
by  my  servants  the  prophets."   ^^  Notwithstanding  they  would  not  hear 
3,.27.pr.    but  ^lardened  their  necks,  like  to  the  neck  of  their  fathers,  that  did 


A  tie. 
29.  1 


fDe.29.  25. 


,■  T>c.  32. 
1  Ki   16 


but  "iiaraeneu  uieii  nci^ivs,  mv^   .^^   ^—  •--"  --       -  -    .  .   ,„„ 

not  believe  in  the  Lord  their  God.  ^^  And  they  rejected  his  statutes, 
and  Miis  covenant  that  he  made  with  their  fathers,  and  his  testimonies 
which  he  testified  against  them  ;  and  they  followed  ^vanity,  and  became 
1  ro.  8. 4.  vain,  and  went  after  the  heathen  that  were  round  about  them,  con- 
/.p..i,5.8.Ro.  eernino- whom  the  Lord  had  charged  them,  that  they  should  not  do 
i\^X  30,31.  like  them.  ^^  And  they  left  all  the  commandments  of  the  Lord  their 
,„Ex..2.8.iKi.  God,  and  '"made  them  molten  images,  even  two  calves,  and  made 
Ji'ifn  ,5-3  a  grove,  and  worshipped  all  the  host  of  heaven,  and  served  Baa. 
&  15.-13.-&  16.  ■  17  And ''they  caused  their  sons  and  their  daughters  to  pass  through 
the  fire,  and  'used  divination  and  enchantments,  and  ^sold  themselves 
to  do  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  to  provoke  him  to  anger. 

18  Therefore  the  Lord  was  very  angry  with   Israel,  and   removed 

1^-^Vl       them  out  of  his   sight :   there  was   none   left  ^but  the   tribe  of  Judah 

iKi:ii:i3,30.  only.  19  Also 'Judah   kept  not  the   commandments  ot  the  Lord  their 

^    ,   ,    .    _..ii._j   :„    *k„   ofot..toe  r^f  Tempi   which  thev  made.  ^"  Ana 


Ki.  16.  31. 


.  Le.  18.  21.EZ 

23.  37.  18 


tJe.  3 


God,  but  walked  in   the   statutes  of  Israel  which  they  made. 


832  IDOLATRY  OF  MAXAS3EII.  [Period  VI. 

the  Lord  rejected  all  the  seed  of  Israel,  and  afflicted  them,  and  de- 
hvered  them  into  the  liand  of  spoilers,  until  he  had  cast  them  out  of 

"iKi.'i2.2o,'28.'  ^"^  sight.  -1  For  "he  rent  Israel  from  the  house  of  David;  and  "they 
made  Jeroboam  the  son  of  Nebat  king ;  and  Jeroboam  drave  Israel 
from  following  tlic  Lord,  and  made  them  sin  a  great  sin.  —For  the 
children  of  Israel  walked   in   all  the  sins  of  Jeroboam  which  he  did ; 

wiKi  H  16  ^'^^^  departed  not  from  them  ;  -^  until  the  Lord  removed  Israel  out  of 
his  sight,  '"as  he  had  said  by  all  his  servants  the  prophets.  So  was 
Israel  carried  away  out  of  their  own  land  to  Assyria  unto  this  day. 

2  Kings  xvii.  5,  G. — ^  Then  the  king  of  Assyria  came  up  throughout  all  the  land,  and 
went  up  to  Samaria,  and  besieged  it  three  years.  '^  In  the  ninth  year  of  Hoshea  the  king 
of  Assyria  took  Samaria,  and  carried  Israel  away  into  Assyria,  and  placed  them  in  Halah 
and  in  Habor  by  tlie  river  of  Gozan,and  in  the  cities  of  the  Medes. 


A.  ftl.  3306  to 

33U1. 
B.  0.  698  to 


PART    XIV.— Portion  I. 
THE   REIGN  OF   MANASSEH,  KING  OF  JUDAH. 


Idolatry  of  Manassfh ; — Isaiah's  Prophecy  of  the  Captivity  of  Shehna ; — 
—  Captivity  and  Death  of  Manassch. 

2  Kings  xxi.  1-lG. — Isaiah  xxii.  15,  to  the  end. — 2  Chron.  xxxiii.  11-19. — 2  Kings  xxi. 
17,  18.— 2  Chron.  xxxiii.  1-10,  20. 

^  MANASSEH  was  twelve  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and 
rei  >ned  fifty  and  five  years  in  Jerusalem.     And  his  mother's  name  was 
Hephzi-bah.  "^  And  he  did  thai  ivhich  was  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord, 
after  the  abominations  of  the  heathen,  whom  the  Lord  cast  out  before 
a  2  Ki.  18.4.        the  children  of  Israel.  ^  For  he  built  up  again  the  high  places  "which 
Hezekiah  his  father  had  destroyed ;  and  he  reared  up  altars  for  Baal, 
*iKi.  16.32,     and  made  a  grove,  'as  did  Ahab  king  of  Israel;  and  ^vorshipped  all 
c De.  4. 19.  &  17.  the  host  of  hcavcn,  and   served   them.  ^And  ''he  built  altars   in  the 
^-     ^  house  of  the  Lord,  of  which  the   Lord   said,  ''In  'Jerusalem  will  I 

e2Sa."7. 13.       P^^^  ^7  name."  ^  And  he  built  altars  for  all  the  host  of  heaven  in  the 
1  Ki. 8. 29. &, 9.  two  courts  of  the   house  of  the  Lord.  ''And  ^he   made  his  son  pass 
/Le.  18.21. & 20.  through  the   fire,  and   observed  'times,  and    used  enchantments,  and 
17.^7.'' "' ^'^  dealt  with  familiar  spirits  and  wizards:   he  wrought  much  wickedness 
^ Le.  19. 23, 31.    in  the  sight  of  the   Lord,  to  provoke  him  to  anger.  '''And  he  seta 
graven  image  of  the  grove  that  he  had  made  in  the  house,  of  which 
APs.  132. 13, 14.   the  Lord  said  to  David,  and  to  Solomon  his  son,  "  In  Hhis  house,  and 
in  Jerusalem,  which  I  have  chosen  out  of  all  tribes  of  Israel,  will  I  put 
t2Sa.7. 10.        niy  name  for  ever.  ^Neither  'will  I  make  the  feet  of  Israel  move  any 
more  out  of  the   land  w^hich   I  gave  their  fathers  ;  only  if  they  will 
observe  to  do  according  to  all  that  I  have  commanded  them,  and  ac- 
cording to  all  the  law  that  my  servant  Moses  commanded  them."  ^But 
jPr. 23. 12.         they  hearkened  not;  and  Manasseh  •'seduced   them  to  do  more  evil 
than  did  the   nations  whom   the  Lord  destroyed   before  the  children 
of  Israel. 

^'^  And  the  Lord  spake  by  his  servants  the  prophets,  saying,  ^^  "  Be- 
ta ki.  23. 2:i,27.  cause  *Manasseh   king  of  Judah   hath  done  these  abominations,  and 
15.4!  '  '  '''     hatii  done  wickedly  above  all  that  the  Amorites  did,  which  were  before 
him,  and  hath  made  Judah  also  to  sin  with  his  idols  ;   ^~  therefore  thus 
saith   the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  Behold,  I  am   bringing  such  evil  upon 
Jerusalem  and  Judah,  that  whosoever  heareth  of  it,  both  his  ears  shall 
^Erl'lj^AmV   t'"S'c-  ^^  And  I  will  stretch  over  Jerusalem  'the  line  of  Samaria,  and 
7,8.  ■  the  plummet  of  the   house  of  Ahab:  and  I  will  wipe   Jerusalem  as  a 

*anrf««?LK"'    "^^^  wipeth  a  dish,  *wiping  it,  and  turning  it  upside  down.   ^^  And  I 
upon  the  face       will  foisakc  the  lemnaut  of  mine  inheritance,  and  deliver  them  into  the 
hand  of  their  enemies  ;  and   they  shall  become  a  prey  and  a  spoil  to 
all  their  enemies  ;  ^^  because  they  have  done  that  ivhich  was  evil  in  my 


Part  XIV.] 


ISAIAH'S  PROPHECY  OF  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  SIIEBNA. 


833 


m  2  Ki.  e  1.  4. 


sight,  and  have  provoked  me  to  anger,  since  the  day  their  fathers  came 
forth  out  of  Egypt,  even  unto  this  day."  ^*^  Moreover  "Manasseh  shed 
innocent  blood  very  much,  till  he  had  filled  Jerusalem  tfrom  one  end 
to  another  ;  besides  his  sin  vt^herewith  he  made  Judah  to  sin,  in  doing 
that  which  was  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord. 


X  Or,  0  he. 

nSee2Sa.l8.18 
Mat.  27.  60. 

*  Or,  who 
the.K  with 


^•''  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts,  Go,  get  thee  unto     Isaiah  xxii. 

this  treasurer,even  unto  ^^'''Shebna,  which  is  over  the  house,    l^'  ^°  *^«  ««^<^- 

and  say, — 

^^  What  hast  thou  here  ?  and  whom  hast  thou  here, 
That  thou  hast  hewed  thee  out  a  sepulchre  here, 
lAs  he  "that  heweth  him  out  a  sepulchre  on  high, 
And  that  graveth  a  habitation  for  himself  in  a  rock? 
cred  17  j3g]^Q]j^  ^jjg  Lord  *will  carry  th.ee  away  with  ta  mighty  captivity, 


gora-caiisbi,  shall    ^8    {^g    yyj 

surely,  &■€.  ver. 

18. 

t  Heb.  the  cap- 
tivity of  a  man. 

X  Heb.  /oro-';  of 
spaces. 


surely  violently  turn 

And  toss  thee  like  a  ball  into  a  t large  country : 

There  shalt  thou  die, 

And  there  the  chariots  of  thy  glory  shall  be  the  shame  of  thy  lord's 
^^  And  I  will  drive  thee  from  thy  station,  [house. 

And  from  thy  state  shall  he  pull  thee  down. 
^•^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  I  will  call  my  servant  "Eliakim  the  son  of  Hilkiah  ; 
^^  And  I  will  clothe  him  with  thy  robe, 

And  strengthen  him  with  thy  girdle. 

And  I  will  commit  thy  government  into  his  hand  ; 

And  he  shall  be  a  father  to  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem, 

And  to  the  house  of  Judah. 


0  2  Ki.  13.  18. 


(5'')  On  the  death  of  Hezekiah,  idolatry  was  re- 
estabhslied  in  Judah,  (2  King.s  xxi.)  His  son  Ma- 
nassehjwho  succeeded  him,  being  now  only  twelve 
years  of  age,  its  revival  must  be  imputed  rather  to 
those  who  held  the  offices  of  government,  than  to 
the  king  himself.  The  first  part  of  this  chapter  of 
Isaiah  foretells  the  invasion  of  Jerusalem  by  the 
Assyrians  under  Sennacherib,  or  by  the  Chaldeans 
under  Nebuchadnezzar.  The  latter  part  of  it  pre- 
dicts the  destruction  of  Shebna,  and  seems  to  have 
so  little  reference  to  the  former,  tJiat,  from  its  inter- 
nal evidence,  I  have  been  induced  to  separate  it, 
and  to  give  it  this  place.  Vitringa  and  Bishop 
Lowth  are  of  opinion,  that  the  Shebna  here  men- 
tioned is  not  the  same  as  Shebna  the  scribe,  spoken 
of  in  the  history  of  Hezekiah's  reign.  As  we  only 
read  of  one  person  of  eminence  of  the  name  of 
Shebna  in  the  account  of  the  events  of  this  king's 
life,  there  does  not  appear  sufficient  grounds  for 
the  adoption  of  this  supposition.  In  ver.  15,  we 
find  tliat  Shebna  the  scribe  was  now  over  the 
liouse ;  it  is  most  probable,  therefore,  from  the 
sequel,  that  he  was  the  cause  of  Eliakim's  having 
been  dismissed  from  that  station.  Eliakim  was 
actually  treasurer  at  the  time  of  Sennacherib's  in- 
vasion, and,  from  the  prophet's  description  (ver. 
21,)  he  must  have  been  a  servant  of  the  true  God, 
and  as  such  employed  by  Hezekiah:  we  have  there- 
fore reason  to  conjecture  he  lost  his  situation  as 
treasurer  since  the  accession  of  Manasseh.  Sheb- 
na, in  succeeding  to  this  office,  in  all  probability 
was  the  chief  promoter  of  the  re;"stablishment  of 
idolatry :  his  great  pride  and  vanity  are  displayed 
in  his  anxiety  to  have  his  sepulchre  on  high,  in  a 
lofty  vault,  that  it  might  be  more  conspicuous  ;  a 
custom  prevalent  in  the  East  among  persons  of 
exalted  rank.  While  lie  was  rioting  in  all  the  ex- 
cess of  luxury,  devoting  himself  to  false  gods,  and 
makinw  "  a  habitation  in  a  rock,"  I  have  supposed 
that  Isaiah  predicts  his  downfall.     It  is  not  possi- 

voL.  I.  105 


ble  to  imagine  that  this  prophet  could  have  been  a 
silent  spectator  of  the  present  revival  of  idolatrj' ; 
and  it  is  by  many  conjectured  that  the  severe  and 
forcible  language  in  which  he  denounces  the  ruin 
of  Shebna,  was  the  principal  cause  of  the  cruel 
death  soon  after  inflicted  on  him.  Shebna  was 
taken  captive  with  Manasseh  to  Babylon,  and  when 
the  Lord  brought  that  king  again  to  Jerusalem,  and 
"  he  took  away  the  strange  gods,  and  commanded 
Judah  to  serve  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,"  (2  Chron. 
xx.xiii.  15,  16,)  he  recalled  Eliakim,  and  literally 
fulfilled  the  prediction  of  the  prophet,  by  making 
him  again  the  treasurer  of  his  household  ; 
'•  I  will  clothe  him  with  thy  robe. 
And  strengthen  him  witli  thy  girdle," — (ver.  21.) 
Eliakim  is  supposed  to  have  been  of  the  pontifi- 
cal family,  and  to  have  been  high  priest  at  the  time 
of  Manasseh ;  and  the  same  who  is  mentioned  by 
the  name  of  Joakim  or  Eliakim,  as  high  priest  in 
the  history  of  Judith.  Eliakim  and  Joakim  have 
both  the  same  signification  in  the  Hebrew  tongue, 
and  are  used  promiscuously.  It  is  likewise  conjec- 
tured, that  Eliakim  was  the  Hilkiah  mentioned  as 
high  priest  in  the  reign  of  Josiah.  I  have  inserted 
this  as  the  last  of  Isaiah's  prophecies,  considering  it 
as  the  probable  cause  of  his  death.  There  was  a 
very  ancient  and  general  tradition  among  the  Jews, 
that  this  prophet  was  sawn  asunder  during  the 
reign  of  Manasseh,  (2  Kings  xxi.  10,)  and  that  his 
death  is  alluded  to  in  Hebrews  xi.  37.  In  Urva- 
mtith,  fol.  49.  2.  it  is  thus  written  :  "  Manasseh  slew 
Isaiah;  for  he  commanded  that  he  should  be  slain 
with  a  wooden  saw.  They  then  brought  the  saw, 
and  cut  him  in  two ;  and  when  the  sword  reached 
his  mouth,  his  soul  fled  forth."  St.  Jerome  and 
others  mention  the  same  thing,  and  among  the 
Jews  the  tradition  is  indubitable. — Prideaux's  Con- 
nectlon,  vol.  i.  p.  40. — Whitby  and  Dr.  Adam 
Clarke  on  Hebrews  xi.  37. — Fragments  of  Calmet, 
10. 

3r* 


834 


CAPTIVITY  AND  DEATH  OF  MANASSEH.         [Pehiod   VI. 


I  lay  upon  his  shoulder 


^-  And  the  key  of  tlie  house  of  David  will 
''it '"  ''•  ^^-        So  he  shall  ''open— and  none  shall  shut  ; 
And  he  shall  shut — and  none  shall  open. 
5  Ezra  9. 8.         23  ^nd  I  will  fasten  I.ini  as  'a  nail  in  a  sure  place  ; 

And  he  shall  be  for  a  glorious  throne  to  his  father's  house. 
^*  And  they  shall  hang  upon  him  all  the  glory  of  his  father's  house. 
The  offspring  and  the  issue, 
All  vessels  of  small  quantity, 
*o/'vi^!"""'"'^       f^''^'"  th*^'  vessels  of  cups,  even  to  all  the  *vessels  of  tiagons. 
-^  In  that  day,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

Shall  the  nail  tiiat  is  fastened  in  the  sure  place  be  removed, 

And  be  cut  down,  and  fall  ; 

And  the  burden  that  was  u{)on  it  shall  be  cut  ofl': 

For  the  Lord  hath  spoken  it. 


A.  M.  3328. 

B.  C.  (i76. 

r  De.  28.  3C.  Job 

3(5.8. 
t  Heh.  7chich  were 

the  king''s. 
X  Or,  chains. 
s  I  Pe.  .5  f).  See 

the  prayer  iis- 

crilied  to  liini  in 

the  Apocrypha. 

—Ed. 
1 1  Ch.  5.  20. 

Ezra  8.  23. 


Or,  the  tower. 


t  Or,  Tlosai. 


^'  Wherefore ''the  Lord  brought  upon  them  the  cap-  2  Chron.  xxxiii. 
tains  of  the  host  tof  the   king  of  Assyria,  which  took  U-\d. 

Manasseh  among  the  thorns,  and  bound  him  with  t fetters,  and  carried 
hhn  to  Babylon.  '-And  when  he  was  in  affliction,  he  besought  the 
Lord  his  God,  and  'humbled  himself  greatly  before  the  God  of  his 
fathers,  '^  and  prayed  unto  him  ;  and  He  'was  entreated  of  him,  and 
heard  his  supplication,  and  brought  him  again  to  Jerusalem  into  his 
kingdom.     Then  Manasseh  knew  that  the  Lord  he  was  God. 

'^  Now  after  this  he  built  a  wall  without  the  city  of  David,  on  the 
west  side  of  Gihon,  in  the  valley,  even  to  the  entering  in  at  the  fish 
gate,  and  compas.sed  about  *Ophel,  and  raised  it  up  to  a  very  great 
height,  and  put  captains  of  war  in  all  the  fenced  cities  of  Judah. 
^^  And  he  took  away  the  strange  gods,  and  the  idol  out  of  the  house 
3f  the  Lord,  and  all  the  altars  that  he  had  built  in  the  mount  of  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  and  in  Jerusalem,  and  cast  them  out  of  the  city. 
^^  And  he  repaired  the  altar  of  the  Lord,  and  .sacrificed  thereon  peace 
offerings  and  "thank  ofl'erings,  and  commanded  Judah  to  serve  the 
Lord  God  of  Israel.  ^''  Nevertheless  the  people  did  sacrifice  still  in 
the  high  places,  yet  unto  the  Lord  their  God  only. 

^^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Manasseh,  and  his  prayer  unto  his 
God,  and  the  words  of  the  seers  that  spake  to  him  in  the  name  of  the 
Lord  God  of  Israel,  behold,  they  are  written  in  The  Book  of  the 
Kings  of  Israel.  '^  His  prayer  also,  and  how  God  was  entreated  of  him, 
and  all  his  sin,  and  his  trespass,  and  the  places  wherein  he  built  high 
places,  and  set  up  groves  and  graven  images,  before  he  was  humbled  : 
behold,  they  are  written  among  The  Sayings  of  fthe  Seers. 

'^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Manasseh,  and  all  that  he     2  Kings  xxi. 
did,  and  his  sin  that   he  sinned,  are  they  not  written  in         1'':  1^. 
The  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  ?  '*^  And  Manasseh 
slept  with  his  fathers,  and  was  buried  in  the  garden  of  his  own  house, 
in  the  garden  of  Uzza  :  and  Amon  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 


t  Hob.  he  re- 
turned and  built. 


2  Chron.  xxxiii.  1-10,  20. — 'Manasseh  was  twelve  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign 
and  he  reigned  fifty  and  five  years  in  Jerusalem;  ''but  did  that  which  was  evil  in  thfe 
siglil  of  tlie  Lord,  hke  unto  the  abominations  of  tiie  heathen,  whom  the  Lord  had  cast 
out  before  the  cliikiren  of  Israel.  '■'  For  the  built  again  the  high  places  which  llezekiah 
liis  father  had  broken  down,  and  he  reared  up  altars  for  Baalim,  and  made  groves,  and 
worshipped  all  the  host  of  heaven,  and  served  them.  '  Also  he  built  altars  in  the  liouse  of 
the  Loiu).  whereof  the  Loud  had  said,  "  In  Jerusalem  slinll  niy  name  be  for  ever."  *  And 
he  built  altars  for  all  the  host  of  heaven  in  tlie  two  courts  of  the  house  of  the  Lord. 
'  And  he  caused  his  children  to  pass  througli  the  fire  in  the  valley  of  the  son  of  Ilin- 
nom:  also  he  observed  times,  and  used  enchantments,  and  used  witchcraft,  and  dealt 
with  a  familiar  spirit,  and  with  wizards  :  he  wrought  much  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord, 
to  provoke  him  to  anger.  'And  he  set  a  carved  image,  the  idol  which  he  had  made,  in 


'art  XIV.]  STATE  OF  THE  PROVINCES  OF  THE  TEN  TRIBES.         835 

the  house  of  God,  of  wliicli  God  had  said  to  David  and  to  Solomon  his  son,  "  In  this 
house,  and  in  Jerusalem,  which  I  have  chosen  before  all  the  tribes  of  Israel,  will  I  put 
my  name  for  ever  « Neither  will  I  any  more  remove  the  foot  of  Israel  from  out  of  the 
land  which  I  have  appointed  for  your  fathers;  so  that  they  will  take  heed  to  do  all  that 
I  have  commanded  them,  according  to  the  whole  law  and  the  statutes  and  the  ordi- 
nances by  the  hand  of  Moses/'  » So  Manasseh  made  Judah  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Jerusalem  to  err,  and  to  do  worse  than  the  heathen,  whom  the  Lord  had  destroyed 
before  the  children  of  Israel.  '"And  the  Lord  spake  to  Manasseh,  and  to  his  people; 
but  they  would  not  hearken. 

2"  So  Manasseh  slept  with  his  fathers,  and  they  buried  him  in  his  own  house  :  and  Amon 
his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

PORTION  II.  Part  XIV.— Portion  II. 

A.  m73326.      State   of  the   Provinces  formerly  possessed  by  the  Ten  Tribes,  during   the 
B.  c.  678.  Reign  of  Manasseh,  King  of  Judah. 

2  Kings  .wii.  24,  tu  the  end. 

.Ezra 4.  2,  10.  24  /^j^^  "tlie  king  of  Assyila  brought  men  from  Babylon,  and  from 
&2Ki.  18.34,  Cuthah,and  from  'Ava,  and  from  Hamath,  and  from  Sepharvaim,  and 
^"^'  placed  them  in  the  cities  of  Samaria  instead  of  the  children  of  Israel : 

and  they  possessed  Samaria,  and  dwelt  in  the  cities  thereof.  ~^  And  so 
it  was  at  the  beginning  of  their  dwelling  there,  that  they  feared  not  the 
Lord  :  therefore  the  Lord  sent  lions  among  them,  which  slew  some 
of  them.  26  Wherefore  they  spake  to  tiie  king  of  Assyria,  saying,  "  The 
nations  which  thou  hast  removed,  and  placed  in  the  cities  of  Samaria, 
know  not  the  manner  of  the  God  of  the  land  :  therefore  he  hath  sent 
lions  among  them,  and,  behold,  they  slay  them, because  they  know  not 
the  manner  of  the  God  of  the  land."  •^'  Then  the  king  of  Assyria  com- 
manded, saying,  "  Carry  thither  one  of  the  priests  whom  ye  brought 
from  thence  ;  and  let  them  go  and  dwell  there,  and  let  him  teach  them 
the  manner  of  the  God  of  the  land."  ^^  Then  one  of  the  priests  whom 
they  had  carried  away  from  Samaria  came  and  dwelt  in  Beth-el,  and 
taught  them  how  they  should  fear  the  Lord.  ^^  Howbeit  every  nation 
made  ^ods  of  their  own,  and  put  them  in  the  houses  of  the  high  places 
which^the  Samaritans  had  made,  every  nation  in  their  cities  wherein 
they  dwelt.  •"'  And  the  men  of  Babylon  made  Succoth-benoth,  and  the 
men  of  Cuth  made  Nergal,  and  the  men  of  Hamath  m.ade  Ashima, 
c Ezra 4. 9.  31  ^nd  'tlic  Avitcs  iiiadc  Nibhaz  and  Tartak,  and  the  Sepharvites 
dLe.  18.21.  "burnt  their  children  in  fire  to  Adrammelech  and  Anammelech,  the 
gods  of  Sepharvaim. 

32  So  they  feared  the  Lord,  and  made  unto  themselves  of  the  lowest 
of  them  priests  of  the   high  places,  whicii  sacrificed  for  them   in  the 
houses  of  the  high  places.  ^^  They  feared  the  Lord,  and  served  their 
*or,.oho carried  owu  gods,  after  thc  manncr  of  the  natious  *whom  they  carried  away 
from  thence.  ^^  Unto  this  day  they  do  after  the  former  manners  :  they 
fear  not  the  Lord,  neither  do  they  after  their  statutes,  or  after  their 
ordinances,  or  after  the  law  and  commandment  which  the  Lord  com- 
manded the  children  of  Jacob,  ^vhom  he  named  Israel ;  ^^  with  whom 
the  Lord  had  made  a  covenant,  and  charged  them,  saying,  •'  Ye  ^shall 
not  fear  other  gods,  nor  ^bow  yourselves  to  them,  nor  serve  them,  nor 
sacriiice  to  them;  ^''^but  the  Lord,  who  brought  you  up  out  of  the 
land  of  Egypt  with  great  power  and  'a  stretched-out  arm,  Mum  shall 
ye  fear,  and  him  shall  ye  worship,  and  to  him  shall  ye  do  sacrifice. 
^■^  And   the  statutes,  and  the  ordinances,  and  the  law,  and  the  com- 
jDe.5.32.          mandment,  which  he  wrote  for  you,  ^ye  shall  observe  to  do  for  ever- 
more ;  and  ye  shall  not  fear  other  gods.  ^^  And  the  covenant  that  I 
fcDe.4.23.         have  made  with   you  *ye   shall  not  forget;  neither   shall  ye  fear  other 
gods.  ^"^  But  the  Lord  your  God  ye  shall  fear  ;  and  he  shall  deliver 
you  out  of  the  hand  of  all  your  enemies."  ^^  Howbeit  they  did  no 


then,  away  from 
thence. 

eGe, 
35. 
31. 

,  3-3.  28.  & 
10.  I  Ki.  i: 

/Ju. 

6.  10. 

^Ex 

:.  20.  5. 

A  Ex 

.6.6. 

iDe, 

.  10.  2i) 

836  REIGN  OF  AMON,  AND  JOSIAH.  [Period  VL 

hearken,  but  they  did  after  their  former  manner.  ^^  So  these  nations 
feared  the  Lord,  and  served  their  graven  images,  both  their  children, 
and  their  children's  children  :  as  did  their  fathers,  so  do  they  unto  this 
day. 

PART  XV. 

A.^T^e..  PAI^T    XV. 

•^^-  THE   REIGN   OF  AMON,  KING   OF   JUDAH. 

B.  C.  643  to  ' 

^^-  2  Kings  xxi.  10,  to  the  end.— 2Chkov.  xxxiii.  21,  to  the  end. 

^^  AMON  was  twenty  and  two  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and 
he  reigned  two  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name  was  Me- 
shullemeth,  the  daughter  of  Haruz  of  Jotbah.  ~^  And  he  did  that  which 
was  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  as  iiis  father  Manasseh  did.  ^^  iVnd 
he  walked  in  all  the  way  that  his  father  walked  in,  and  served  the  idols 
that  his  father  served,  and  worshipped  them ;  -^  and  he  forsook  the 
Lord  God  of  his  fathers,  and  walked  not  in  the  way  of  the  Lord. 

^^  And  the  servants  of  Anion  conspired  against  him,  and  slew  the 
king  in  his  own  house.  ^'^  And  the  people  of  the  land  slew  all  them 
that  had  conspired  against  king  Amon  ;  and  the  people  of  the  land 
made  Josiah  his  son  king  in  his  stead.  ~^  Nov/  the  rest  of  the  acts  of 
Amon  whicli  he  did,  are  they  not  written  in  The  Book  of  the  Chroni- 
cles of  the  Kings  of  Judah  ?  ~^  And  he  was  buried   in  his  sepulchre  in 

"caned!/«!L.      *^'^^  garden  of  Uzza  :  and  "Josiah  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Chron.  xxxiii.  21,  to  the  end. — 2'  Amon  was  two  and  twenty  years  old  when  he  began 
to  reign,  and  reigned  two  years  in  Jerusalem.  ^^  But  he  did  that  which  was  evil  in  tlie 
sight  of  the  Lord,  as  did  Manasseh  his  father;  for  Amon  sacrificed  unto  all  the  carved 
images  which  Manasseh  his  fatiier  had  made,  and  served  them  ;  ^^  and  humbled  not  him- 

*  Heb.  multiplied  self  before  the  Lord,  as  Manasseh  his  father  had  humbled  himself;  but  Amon*trespassed 
™     ■  more  and  more.  ^  And  his  servants  conspired  against  him,  and  slew  him  in  his  own  house. 

'■''  But  the  people  of  the  land  slew  all  them  that  had  conspired  against  king  Amon ;  and 
the  people  of  the  land  made  Josiah  his  son  king  in  his  stead. 


P.\RT   XVI. 


PART   XVI. 


A.  M.  33G3  to  THE  REIGN   OF  JOSIAH,    KING  OF  JUDAH. 

3394. 

B.  c.  641  to  Section  I. — Josiah  removes  Idolatry. 

2  Kings  xxii.  1,  2. — 2  Chron.  xxxiv.  3-7,  and  1,  2. 

^  JOSL'VH  was  eight  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he 
reigned  thirty  and  one  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name  was 
Jedidah,  the  daughter  of  Adaiah  of  Boscath.  -And  he  did  that  ichich 
was  right  in  the  sight  of  the   Lord,  and   walked  in  all  tlie  way  of 

aDe.5. 32.  David  his  father,  and  "turned  not  aside  to  the  right  hand  or  to  the  left. 
^  For  in  the  eighth  year  of  his  reign,  while  he  was  yet  young,  2  Chron. 
he  began  to  seek  after  the  God  of  David  his  father ;  and  in  the  xxxiv.  :?-7. 
twelfth  year  he  began  to  purge  Judah  and  Jerusalem  from  the  high 
places,  and  the  groves,  and  the  carved  images,  and  the  molten  images. 

ft  Le.  26. 30.        "^  And  Hhcy  brake  down  the  altars  of  Baalim  in  his  presence  ;  and  the 

*0r,  sunimages.  *images,  that  were  on  high  above  th.em.  he  cut  down  ;  and  the  groves, 
and  the  carved  images,  and  the  molten  images,  he  brake  in  pieces,  and 

i^ah. face,/  the  made  dust  of  them,  and  strowed  it  upon  the  tgraves  of  them  that  had 

graves,  .  ^  /•      i  • 

ciKi.  13. 2.        sacrificed  unto  them.  ^  And   he  'burnt  the  bones  of  the  priests  upon 

their  altars,  and  cleansed  Judah  and  Jerusalem.  ^  And  so  did  he  in 

the  cities  of  Manasseh,  and  Ephraim,  and  Simeon,  even  unto  Naph- 

XOt,mauis.        ^jjii^  ^yij]j  their  tinattocks  round   about.  "And    when  he  had   broken 

dDe.  9.21.  down  the  altars  and  the  groves,  and  had  'beaten  the  graven  images 

Vowrfer." '""'"'      *ii^^o  powder,  and  cut  down  all  the  idols  throughout  all  the  land  of 

Israel,  he  returned  to  Jerusalem. 


Part  XVf.] 


THE  CALLING  OF  JEREMIAIL 


837 


A.  M.  3375. 
B.  C.  628. 


2  Chron.  xxxiv.  1,  2 — '  Josiali  was  eight  years  old  wlien  he  began  to  rcion  and  he 
reigned  in  Jerusalem  one  and  thirty  years.  ^  And  he  did  tliat  which  was  right  in  the  sight 
of  the  Lord,  and  walked  in  the  ways  of  David  his  father,  and  declined  neither  to  the 
right  hand,  nor  to  the  left. 

Section  IL — Designation  of  Jeremiah  to  the  Prophetic  Office; — He  prophe- 
sies against  Judah. 
Jeremiah  i.,  ii.,  and  iii.  1-5.(57) 
The  time,  3  and  the  railing  of  Jeremiah.  11  His  prophetical  visions  of  an  almond  rod  and  a  seethina- 
pot.     13  His  heavy  message  against  Judah.     17  God  encourageth  him  loith  his  promise  of  assist- 
ance. —  Chap.    ii.    1    God,    having  showed  liis  former  kindness,    expostulaleth  with  the  Jews 
their  causeless  revolt,  9  beyond  any  example.     14  They  are  the  causes  of  their  oir.n  calamities. 
20  The  sins  of  Judah.  31   Her  conf  deuce  is  rejected.  —  Cliap.  iii.  1  God's  great  mercy  in  Judah' s 
vile  ivhoredom. 

^  The  words  of  Jeremiah  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  of  the  priests  that  were 
in  Anathoth  in  the  land  of  Benjamin  ;   ~  to  whom  the  word  of   the 


(^7)  The  place  and  date  of  the  first  chapter  of  Jer- 
emiah is  assigned  in  verse  2.  The  efforts  of  Josiah 
to  reform  the  nation  of  the  Jews  were  promoted  to 
the  utmost  by  this  propiiet;  who  was  mercifully 
commanded  to  exhort,  and  to  make  a  final  appeal, 
both  to  the  people  and  to  their  princes,  before  they 
were  carried  into  captivity.  Chapters  ii.  and  iii.  to 
ver.  G,  are  supposed,  by  Dr.  Blayney,  to  be  one 
continued  prophecy,  delivered  soon  after  the 
prophet  commenced  the  duties  of  his  office.  It  is 
a  powerful  address,  full  of  eloquence  ;  endeavouring 
to  convince  the  Jews  of  God's  continued  regard, 
and  e.xpostulating  with  them  for  their  idolatry  and 
sin,  and  exhorting  them  to  return  to  God. 

The  prophet  Jeremiah  was  of  the  sacerdotal  race, 
being  (as  he  himself  records)  one  of  the  priests  that 
dwelt  at  Anathoth  (i.  ].)  in  the  land  of  Benjamin, 
a  city  appropriated  out  of  that  tribe  to  the  use  of 
the  priests,  the  sons  of  Aaron  (Josh.  xxi.  18.),  and 
situate  about  three  Roman  miles  north  of  Jerusa- 
lem. Jeremiah  appears  to  have  been  very  young 
when  he  was  called  to  the  exercise  of  the  propheti- 
cal office,  from  which  he  modestly  endeavoured  to 
e.xcuse  himself,  by  pleading  his  youth  and  in- 
capacity ;  but  being  overruled  by  the  divine  au- 
thority, he  set  himself  to  discharge  the  duties  of 
his  function  with  unremitting  diligence  and  fidelity, 
during  a  course  of  at  least  forty-two  years,  reckoned 
from  the  thirteenth  year  of  Josiah's  reign.  In  the 
course  of  his  ministry  he  met  with  great  difficulties 
and  opposition  from  his  countrymen,  of  all  degrees, 
whose  persecution  and  ill  usage  sometimes  wrought 
so  far  upon  his  mind,  as  to  draw  from  him  expres- 
sions, in  the  bitterness  of  his  soul,  which  many  have 
thought  difficult  to  reconcile  with  his  religious 
principles  ;  but  which,  when  duly  weighed,  may 
be  found  to  demand  our  pity  rather  than  censure. 
He  was,  in  truth,  a  man  of  unblemished  piety  and 
conscientious  integrity ;  a  warm  lover  of  his  coun- 
try, whose  miseries  he  pathetically  deplores ;  and 
so  affectionately  attached  to  his  countrymen,  not- 
withstanding their  injurious  treatment  of  him,  that 
he  chose  rather  to  abide  with  them,  and  undergo 
all  hardships  in  their  company,  than  separately  to 
enjoy  a  state  of  ease  and  plenty,  which  the  favor  of 
the  king  of  Babylon  would  have  secured  to  him. 
At  length,  after  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem,  hav- 
ing followed  the  remnant  of  the  Jews  into  Egypt, 
whither  they  had  resolved  to  retire,  tiiough  contrary 
to  his  advice,  upon  the  murder  of  Gedaliah,  whom 
the  Chaldeans  had  left  governor  in  Judasa.he  there 
continued  warmly  to  remonsti'ate  against  their 
idolatrous  practices,  foretelling  the  consequences 
that  would  inevitably  follow.  But  his  freedom  and 
zeal  are  said  to  have  cost  him  his  life  ;  for  there  is 
a  tradition,  that  the  Jews  at  Tahpanhes  were  so 
offended  at  his  faithful  remonstraices,  that  they 
stoned  him  to  death  ;  which  account  of  the  manner 
of  his  decease,  though  not  absolutely  certain,  is  at 
least  very  likely  to  be  true,  considering  the  temper 
and  disposition  of  the    parties  concerned.     Their 


wickedness,  however,  did  not  long  pass  without  its 
punishment;  for,  in  a  few  years  after,  they  were 
miserably  destroyed  by  the  Babylonian  armies 
which  invaded  Egypt,  according  to  the  prophet's 
prediction,  (xliv.  27,  26.)*  Some  Jewish  writers, 
however,  affirm  that  he  returned  to  Juda;a,  while 
others  say  that  he  went  to  Babylon,  and  died  there  ; 
and  a  third  class  are  of  opinion  that  he  died  in 
Egypt,  far  advanced  in  years,  and  broken  by  the 
calamities  which  had  happened  both  to  himself  and 
his  country.  This  prophet's  writings  are  all  in 
Hebrew,  except  the  eleventh  verse  of  the  tenth 
chapter,  which  is  in  Chaldee. 

The  idolatrous  apostacy  and  other  criminal  enor- 
mities of  the  people  of  Judah,  and  the  severe  judg- 
ments which  God  was  preparing  to  inflict  upon 
them,  though  not  without  a  distant  prospect  of 
future  restoration  and  deliverance,  form  the  princi- 
pal subjects  of  tlie  prophecies  of  Jeremiah ;  except 
the  forty-fiftli  chapter,  which  relates  personally  to 
Baruch,  and  the  six  following  chapters  which 
respect  the  fortunes  of  some  particular  heathen 
nations. 

The  arrangement  of  the  prophecies  of  Jeremiah 
has  been  attended  with  more  difficulties  than  those 
of  any  other  prophet.  Their  order  differs  in  the 
Septuagint  and  in  the  Hebrew.  It  is  evident,  from 
various  passages  of  the  book  itself,  that  there  were 
four  distinct  collections  of  the  prophecies.  The 
first  was  that  mentioned  in  chap,  xxxvi.  2.,  and 
made  by  divine  command  in  the  fourth  year  of  the 
reign  of  Jehoiakini.  In  this  collection  were  con- 
tained all  the  predictions  which  he  had  delivered 
and  uublished  to  that  time,  as  well  against  other 
nations  as  against  the  Jews  :  the  prophecies  against 
the  Gentiles  are,  in  our  Bibles,  placed  by  them- 
selves at  the  end  of  the  book,  as  being  in  some 
measure  unconnected  with  those  denounced  against 
the  Jews;  but,  in  the  present  copies  of  the  Septua- 
gint, they  follow  immediately  after  the  thirteenth 
verse  of  the  twenty-fifth  chapter.!  This  ^r^i  col- 
lection comprised  chapters  i.-xx.  xxv.  xxvi.  xxxv. 
xxxvi.  and  xlv.-li.  inclusive. 

The  second  collection  is  that  mentioned  in  chap. 
XXX.  2.  and  contained  chapters  xxvii.-xxxi.  inclu- 
sive :  it  was  made  in  the  reign  of  Zedekiah,  and, 
as  may  be  inferred  from  xxviii.  1,  after  the  fourth 
year  of  the  reign  of  Zedekiah. 

The  third  collection  was  made  soon  after  the 
destruction  of  Jerusalem,  as  is  plainly  indicated  by 
the  prophet  himself,  in  the  general  preface  to  his 
book,  where  he  says  that  the  word  of  Jehovah  came 
to  him  "  in  the  days  of  Josiah  the  son  of  Anion 
king  of  Judah,  in  the  thirteenth  year  of  his  reign  ; 
and  came   in  the  days    of  Jehoiakim   the  soir  of 

*  Dr.   Blayney's  Translation  of  Jercmiali,  p.  221,222,  2d  edit. 

t  Carp/.ov  h;is  written  an  elaborate  disquisition  of  the  vari- 
ations between  the  Hebrew  and  the  Septuagint,  in  the  order 
of  Jeremiah's  prophecies,  and  has  given  a  table  illustrating 
those  variations.  See  his  Intrndiict.  ad  Librus  Siblicns  Vet. 
Trsi.  pEirs  iii.  c.  iii.  ^  4.  p.  1-14-152. 


838 


THE  CALLING  OF  JERElVnAH. 


rPERIOD    VI. 


Lord  came  in  the  days  of  Josiali  the  son  of  Anion   king  of  Judah, 

in  the  thirteenth  year  of  his   reign.  ^  It   came  also  in    the  days   of 

Jehoiakim  the  son  of  Josiah    king  of  Judah,   unto    the  end    of  the 

aJe.  52. 19, 15.     eleventh  year  of  Zedekiah   the   son   of  Josiah   king  of  Judah,  "unto 

Josiah  king  of  Judah,  until  tlie  completion  of  the  struction  of  the  kingdom,  city,  and  temple,  which 

eleventh  year  of  Zedekiali  tlie  son  of  Josiah  king  are  the  subject  of  the  Lamentations. — Home's  Grit. 

of  Judah,  until   t/ie    ctirrying   incinj  of  Jerusalem  Introduct.  vol.  ii.  p.  273.  &c. 

into  captivity  in  the  Jiftli  month,"  (i.  1-3.)    Conse-         On  examining  the  internal  evidence  for  the   re- 

quentl}',   this    third    collection    included    chapters  spectivo  dates  and  occasions,  when  these  prophecies 

xxi.-.Yxiv.  xxxii.-x.vxiv.  and  .\x.\vii.-.\.\-xix.  .  were  probably  delivered;  and  taking  into  consid- 

The  fiiurth  collection,  containing  chapters  xl.-  eration    the    several   arguments  of  Lightfoot   and 

xliv.  inclusive,  presents  us  witli  an  account  of  Jer-  Taylor,  tr)gether  with  those  of  Prideaux,  who  has 

einiah  himself,  and  of  the  other  Jews  who  were  left  assigned  a  place  to  many  of  these   predictions;  it 

in    Judcea   by    tlie    command  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  has  been  thought  advisable  to  depart,  in  several  in- 

The  fifty-second   chapter   was  probably  added  by  stances,   from    Dr.    Blayney's   system,  which   has 

Ezra,*  as  a  preface   to  the  Book  of  Lamentations,  been  generally  adhered  to  in  the   arrangement  of 

It  is  chiefly  taken   out  of  the   latter  part  of  the  this  book.     That  the   reader  who  is  interested  in 

Second  Book  of  Kings,  with  additions,  which  Ezra  these   inquiries  may  understand  at  one   view   the 

might  supply  out  of  the  inspired  records,  and  forms  various  arrangements  given  by  these  divines  of  the 

a  very  useful  appendage  to  the  prophecies  of  Jere-  prophecies  of  Jeremiah,  I  have  drawn   up,  in  the 

ruiah,  as  it  illustrates  their  fulfilment  in  tlie   de-  following  table,  a  summary  of  the  order  in  which 

*  C.irpzov  ascribes  it  to  Baruch,  or  some  other  inspired  man.  the  chapters  of  Jeremiah  should  be  read,  according 

Inirod.  i)ars  iii.  p.  152.  to  their  respective  opinions. 

ARRANGEJVIENT   OF    THE   PROPHECIES    OF   JEREMIAH. 


XVL] 


JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  JUDAH. 


839 


cLu.  1.  15,41. 

Gal.  1.  15,  16. 
*  Heb.  gave. 
dSee  Ex.3.  11. 

&  4.  10. 


/Ex.3.  12.  De. 
31.6,8.  Jos.  1. 
5.  Ac.  26.  17. 
He.  13.  6. 

g  .See  Ex.  4.  12. 
Is.  51.  16. 


h  2  Co.  10.  4,  5. 


t  Weh.frnmthe 
face  of  the  north. 


the  carrying  away  of  Jerusalem  captive  ''in  the  fifth  month.  ^Then  the 
word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, — 
^  "  Before  I  formed  thee  in  the  belly — I  knew  thee  ; 

And  before  thou  camest  forth  out  of  the  womb — I  ''sanctified  thee, 

And  I  *ordained  thee  a  prophet  unto  the  nations." 

^  Then  said  I,  '•  Ah,  ''Lord  God!  behold,  1  cannot  speak  ;  fori  am 
a  child."  '''  But  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  "  Say  not,  I  am  a  child  ;  for 
thou  shalt  go  to  all  that  I  shall  send  thee,  and  'whatsoever  I  command 
thee  thou  shalt  speak.  '^  Be  not  afraid  of  their  faces  ;  for  -^1  am  with 
thee  to  dehver  thee,  saith  the  Lord."  ^  Then  the  Lord  put  forth  his 
hand,  and  touched  my  mouth.  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  "  Behold, 
I  have  "put  my  words  in  thy  mouth. 
^^  See !  I  have  this  day  set  thee  over  the  nations 

And  over  the  kingdoms, 

To  ''root   out,  and  to  pull  down. 

And  to  destroy,  and  to  throw  down, 

To  build,  and  to  plant." 

^^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  "Jere- 
miah, what  seest  thou  ? "  And  I  said,  "  I  see  a  rod  of  an  almond  tree." 
^-  Then  said  the  Lord  unto  me,  "  Thou  hast  well  seen  ;  for  I  will 
hasten  my  word  to  perform  it."  ^^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came 
unto  me  the  second  time,  saying,  "  What  seest  thou  ?  "  And  I  said, 
"  I  see  a  seething  pot ;  and  the  face  thereof  is  ttoward  the  north." 
^*  Then  the  Lord  said  unto  me, — 


ARRANGEMENT   OF    THE    PROPHECIES    OF  JEREMIAH,  Continued. 


Chap. 

BLAYNEY. 

LIGHTFOOT. 

TAYLOR. 

ARRANGER. 

Tear 
B.C. 

606 

45 

4th  of  Jehoiakiin 

4th  of  Jehoiakiin 

4th  of  Jehoiakim 

4th  of  Jehoiakim 

(  to  ver.   13.   4th  of  Je-  i 

46 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

)         hoiakim                   ( 
)ver.   13,   to   end,   11th  ( 
(         Zedekiah                 ) 

47 

Uncertain 

9th  ofZedekiah 

9th  ofZedekiah 

10th  OfZedekiah 

589 

48 

Ditto 

4th  of  Jehoiakim 

Ditto 

(  tover.34.  QthofZede-) 

4th  OfZedekiah 

595   ' 

49 

Ditto 

Ditto 

)         klah                         ( 
)  ver.  34,  to  end,  1st  of( 
(         Ditto                        ) 

Ditto 

50 

4th  ofZedekiah 

4th  of  Zedekiah 

4th  of  Zedekiah 

4th  of  Zedekiah 

595 

51 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

Ditto 

52 

Various 

Various 

Various 

Various 

The  reasons  which  have  induced  me  to  assign  to  these  several  prophecies  their  respective  places  and 
dates  are  given  in  the  notes,  without  entering  into  the  contending  opinions  of  the  different  authorities.  The 
biblical  student,  by  referring  to  the  arguments  of  these  writers,  will  have  the  satisfaction  of  forming  his  own 
judgment,  and  will  make  such  an  arrangement  as  he  may  consider  the  most  judicious.* 

*  [The  following  Table  shows,  also,  another  arrangement  of  the  different  parts  of  the  book  of  this  prophet,  which  is  made 
from  the  Translation  of  Jeremiah,  by  Dr.  J.  G.  Dahler.  Professor  of  Theology  in  the  Protestant  Seminary  of  Strashnrg. 
Tills  divine  has  divided  the  whole  into  Sections,  each  of  wliich  is  introduced  with  excellent  observations  relative  to  the 
time,  place,  circumstances,  and  matter  contained  in  that  section.  The  Discourses  or  Prophecies  delivered  under  a  particular 
reiL'ii  are  all  arranged  in  their  chronological  order. — Ed.} 


Under  Josiak. 

Chap. 

xxiii.  9-40. 

Chap,   .\xvii.  l.-x.'iviii.  17. 

Ddiccred  in  Egiipt. 

XXXV.  1-19. 

xlix.  34-39. 

Cliap.    i. 

XXV.  1-38. 

li.  59-64. 

Chap,   xliii.  8-13. 

iv.  5.— vi.  30. 

xxxvi.  1-32. 

xxi.  1-14. 

xliv.  1-30. 

ii.  l.-iii.  5. 

xlv.  1-5. 

x.xxiv.  1-7. 

xlvi.  13-23. 

iii.  G.— iv.  4. 

xii.  14-17. 

xxxvii.  1-10. 

xvii.  19-27. 

X.  17-25. 

xxxiv.  8-22. 

xivii.  1-7. 

xxsvii.  11-21. 
xxxviii.  1-28. 

Relative  to  strange  J\i-ations. 

Under  Jechoaiah. 

xxxix.  15-18. 

Chap.   xlvi.  1— xlix.  1-6. 

Under  Jehoiakim. 

xxxii.  1-44. 

xlviii.  1-47. 

Chap. 

xiii.  1-27. 

xxxiii.  1-10. 

xlix.  7-22. 

Chap.    vii.  1.— ix.  26. 

xxxix.  1-10. 

xlix.  23-27. 

xwi.  1-24. 

xlix.  2«-33. 

xlvi.  2-12. 

Under  Zedekiah. 

1.   1.— li.  58. 

X.  1-16. 

After  the  Destruction  nfjr-u- 

xiv.  1.— XV.  21. 

Chap. 

XXii.    l.-2Xiii.    8. 

salem. 

xvi.  1.— xvii.  18. 

xi.  1-17. 

Jli.ilorical  .Appendix 

xviii.  1-23. 

xi.  18.— xii.  13. 

Chap,   xxxix.  11-14. 

xix.   l.-xx.  13. 

xxiv.  1-10. 

xl.  l.-xli.  18. 

Chap.   lii. 

XX.  M-18. 

xxix.  1-32. 

.xlii.  1.— xliii.  7. 
XXX.  1.— xxxi.  40. 

840  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  JUDAH.  [Period  VI. 

JH^^A^iMie  ''Out  of  the  nortli  an  evil  tshall  break  forth 

Upon  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  land. 
^^  For,  lo  I  I  will  call  all  the  families  of  the  kingdoms  of  the  north," 
saith  the  Lord  ; 
''•  And  they  shall  come, 
And  tliey  shall  set  every  one  his  throne 
At  the  entering  of  the  gates  of  Jerusalem, 
And  against  all  the  walls  thereof  round  about, 
And  against  all  the  cities  of  Judah. 
^^  And  I  will  utter  my  judgments  against  them  touching  all  their  wick- 
edness, 
tDe.  23. 20.  Who  'havc  forsakcu  me,  and  have  burned  incense  unto  other  gods, 

And  worshipped  the  works  of  their  own  hands, 
■'a  KL  4.^29.^9.  ^"  Thou  tlicrefore  -'gird  up  thy  loins,  and  arise, 

i2''35  ?Pe"  ^"'       ^"^  speak  unto  them  all  that  I  command  thee  : 
13.  Be  not  dismayed  at  their  faces, 

*pO^^^"'  Lest  I  *confound  thee  before  them. 

^^  For,  behold,  I  have  made  thee  this  day  a  dcfenced  city,  and  an  iron 
And  brazen  walls  against  the  whole  land,  [pillar. 

Against  the  kings  of  Judah,  against  the  princes  thereof. 
Against  the  priests  thereof,  and  against  the  people  of  the  land. 
^^  And  they  shall  figlit  against  thee  ; 
But  they  shall  not  prevail  against  thee ; 
For  I  am  with  thee,"  saith  the  Lord,  "  to  deliver  thee.' 

^  Moreover  the    word    of  the   Lord   came   to   me,     Jekemiah  ii. 
saying, — 
^  "  Go  and  cry  in  the  ears  of  Jerusalem,  saving, 
^  Or, for  o^jsaJce.       rpj^^^  ^^j^,^  ^j^^  ^oRD  ;   I  remember  tthee, 

The  kindness  of  thy  youth,  tlie  love  of  thine  espousals, 
*°'=-2-'''  When  Hhou  wentest  after  me  in  the  wilderness, 

In  a  land  that  was  not  sown. 
iek.  19.5,  g.        3  Israel  'was  holiness  unto  the  Lord, 
OTja^i.18.  Rev.       ^„(j  "(j^g  firstfruits  of  his  increase: 

All  that  devour  him  shall  offend ; 

Evil  shall  come  upon  them,"  saith  the  I^ord. 

^  Hear  ye  tlie  word  of  the  Lord,  O  house  of  Jacob  ! 

And  all  the  families  of  the  house  of  Israel ! 
^  Thus   saith  the  Lord, — 

"  What  iniquity  have  your  fathers  found  in  me. 

That  they  are  gone  far  from  me. 

And  have  walked  after  vanity,  and  are  become  vain? 
^  Neither  said  they.  Where  is  the  Lord 

That  brought  us  up  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
"32.^10."  ^^"  *"  That  led  us  through  "the  wilderness, 

Through  a  land  of  deserts  and  of  pits, 

Through  a  land  of  drought,  and  of  the  shadow  of  death, 

Through  a  land  that  no  man  passed  through. 

And  where  no  man  dwelt  ? 
^|r',"'N^l     '  And  I  brought  you  into  ta  plentiful  country, 
27.&.14. 7, 8.         To  eat  the  fruit  thereof  and  the  goodness  thereof; 

But  when  ye  entered,  ye  "defiled  my  land, 

And  made  my  heritage  an  abomination. 

The  priests  said  not,  Where  is  tlie  Lord  ? 

And  they  that  handle  the  ''law  knew  me  not : 

The  pastors  also  transgressed  against  me. 

And  the  ))roi)hets  prophesied  by  Baal, 

And  walked  after  things  that  do  not  profit. 


0  I-p.  IS.  2.5,  27, 
2fi.  Na.  35.  33, 
31. 


r  Ps.  106.  20.  Ro. 
1.  23. 


sJo.  4.  14. 


Part  XVI]  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  JUDAH.  841 

9"  Wherefore  I  will  yet  plead  with  you,"  saith  the  Lord, 
9  Ex.  20. 5.  And  'with  your  children's  children  will  I  plead. 

*or  over  to.        ^^  For  pass  *over  the  isles  of  Chittim,  and  see; 

And  send  unto  Kedar,  and  consider  diligently, 

And  see  if  there  be  such  a  thing. 

1  Hath  a  nation  changed  their  gods,  which  are  yet  no  gods? 
But  my  people  have  changed  their  glory  for  that  which  doth  not  profit. 

2  Be  astonished,  O  ye  heavens,  at  this ! 
And  be  horribly  afraid, 
Be  ye  very  desolate,"  saith  the  Lord! 

^3  "  For  my  people  have  committed  two  evils  ; 

They  have  forsaken  Me,  the  fountain  of  living  waters 

And  hewed  them  out  cisterns,  broken  cisterns,  that  can  hold  no  water. 

11  Is  Israel  a  servant  ?  is  he  a  homeborn  slave  ? 

t  Ileb.  become  a  Why   is   hc   tspoilcd  ? 

{S.,a.eout     ''  The  young  lions  roared  upon  him,  and  tyelled, 
their  voici.  ^j-,j  they  made  his  land  waste  : 

His  cities  are  burned  without  inhabitant. 
16  Also  the  children  of  Noph  and  Tahapanes 
*  Or,  Feed  on  thy        *Have  brokcu  thc  crown  of  thy  head. 
'^o.ulil'''     17  Hast  thou  not  procured  this  unto  thyself, 

In  that  thou  hast  forsaken  the  Lord  thy  God, 
fDe.32. 10.  When  'he  led  thee  by  the  way? 

18  And  now  what  hast  thou  to  do  in  the  way  of  Lgypt, 
To  drink  the  waters  of  Sihor  ? 
Or  what  hast  thou  to  do  in  the  way  of  Assyria, 
To  drink  the  waters  of  the  river  ? 
19  Thine  own  wickedness  shall  correct  thee, 
And  thy  backslidings  shall  reprove  thee  : 
Know  therefore  and  see 
That  it  is  an  evil  thing  and  bitter, 
That  thou  hast  forsaken  the  Lord  thy  God, 
And  that  my  fear  is  not  in  thee,  saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts. 
20  For  of  old  time  I  have  broken  thy  yoke,  ^^ 

„  Ex.  19. 8.  Jo.        And  burst  thy  bands  ;  and  "thou  saidst,  "  I  will  not  Hransgress  ; 
\t  i'la^."f2.%.        When  "upon  every  high  hill 
^  Or,  serve.  Aiid  uudcr  cvcry  green  tree 

"s^.'s,^?:  Je.^3.6.       Thou  wanderest,  "playing  the  harlot. 


.  34.  15,  16. 


21  Yet  I  had  "planted  thee  a  noble  vine, 


j.i;&c.  Wat?        Wholly  a  right  seed  :  

2,.  33.  Ma.  12.                  J^^^^    »^  ^,^^^  ^^^^^d  iuto  thc  degenerate  plant  of  a  strange 
„       .        .     ,  1    .1 :*!,  „u..^  Fvme  unto  me? 


1.  Lu.  20.  9. 

22 


now  intju  aiL   Luuu   tuiiiv^v.   ...^-^  —    -o  * 

For  though  thou  wash  thee  with  nitre,  [v«ne  unto  me 

And  take  thee  much  soap,  .  ,     ,     t      j  r^ 

Yet  thine  iniquity  is  marked  before  me,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
y  Pr.  30. 12.  23  jjow  ''canst  thou  say,  "  I  am  not  polluted, 

I  have  not  gone  after  Baalim  ?  " 
See  thy  way  in  the  valley, 
Know  what  thou  hast  done  : 

jThou  art  a  swift  dromedary  traversing  her  ways  ; 
t^ldass,  24  *A  wild  ass  tiiscd  to  the  wilderness, 

That  snutfeth  up  the  wind  at  ther  pleasure  ; 


J  Or,  O  swift 
dromedi 

*  Oi 

;  It  '^Zire        fn "her^occasion  who  can  *turn  her  away  ? 
ofherhe^rt.  ^,j  ^^      j^at  scck  hcr  will  not  weary  themselves 

*  "^  —  ''•  Ij^  hg,.  ;^^„th  they  shall  find  her. 


25  Withhold  thy  foot  from  being  unshod, 
And  thy  throat  from  thirst: 
But  thou  saidst, —  „  ^ 


lOG 


842 


JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  JUDAH.         [P^r^od  VI. 


^  Ot,  Is  the  ease  ci  i-I^U^        •  i 

desperate?  T 1  Here  IS  no  hope 


I  De.  32.  16 


No;  for  I  have  loved  ^strangers, 
And  after  them  will  I  go." 
^^  As  the  thief  is  ashamed  when  he  is  found, 
So  is  the  house  of  Israel  ashamed  ; 
They,  their  kings,  their  princes, 
And  their  priests,  and  their  prophets, 
t  or,  te^otten  '    ^^>]"-  ^^  ^  ^^ock,  "  Thou  art  ,ny  father  ;  " 

*7eb  u.e,-  ,  V'       ^^  ""  f""''^--  "  ^^''''  ^^^^t  ^brought  me  forth  ;  " 

pa^^'X':^.  For  they  have  turned  *their  back  unto  me,  and  not  their  face  - 

Vs" U",i.°2rio.  28  Bm  l?.!"  '^^  '''Z  ^^  '^T  >-«"^^^^  ^'^^y  ^^'i"  -^y^  Arise,  and  save  us'l 
*De.  30. 37.  ju.        ^""^    "  '^^re  are  thy  gods  that  thou  hast  made  thee ' 
t  Heb."..  i:^^  them  arise,  if  they  can  save  thee  in  the  time  of  thy  ttrouble  - 

For  according  to  the  number  of  thy  cities 
Are  thy  gods,  O  Judah  ! 
23  Wherefore  will  ye  plead  with  me  ? 
30  T^^  ""'•  ^r""  transgressed  against  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
In  vam  have  I  ^smitten  your  children  ; 
They  received  no  correction  : 
Ne.  9.  iis.  :Mat.        ^ ^^^  ©wu  sword  hath  "devoured  your  prophets, 


els.  1.5.  &9 
13.  J .    . 

They  received  no  correction  : 

<i2Ch..'?6.  16,  ^r ,   .       .     .  _ 

fe.  9.  2f).  .M„i.  

T.'sf'A-het"        ^"^^  a  destroying  lion 


'^'  O  generation,  see  ye  the  word  of  the  Lord  ' 
Have  1  been  a  wilderness  unto  Israel  ? 
A  land  of  darkness  ? 
Wherefore  say  my  people, 
dominto,i.  +Wearelords; 

^^       We  will  come  no  more  unto  thee  ?  " 
■  Can  a  maid  forget  her  ornaments,  or  a  bride  her  attire  > 
iTx^.^*''''?^''  Jiave  forgotten  me  days  without  number. 
•     \\  hy  trimmest  thou  thy  way  to  seek  love  ? 
1  herefore  hast  thou  also  taught  the  wicked  ones  thy  ways 

*  Heb.  .,,,„,        f  ^.Ve'nnl  f  "-^7^/^ '1  ^'^^  '^'""^^  "^  ^'^^  ^""^^  «^  the  poor  innocents 
1  have  not  found  it  by  ^secret  search,  but  upon  all  these. 
•"  let  thou  sayest, 

"Because  I  am  innocent. 
Surely  his  anger  shall  turn  from  me." 
« Pr  28  13  ]  Jo        5®^*^'^'  I  ^vi"  pJead  with  thee, 
1.8,10.   ■     °"       Because  'thou  sayest,  "  I  have  not  sinned." 

^^  Why  gaddest  thou  about  so  much  to  change  thv  way ' 


1  hou  also  shalt  be  ashamed  of  Egypt, 


/2Ch. 28. 16,20,       ^g  ,j,^^^  ^^^^j  ashamed  of  Assyria^ 
^''  Yea,  thou  shalt  go  forth  from  him, 
And  thy  hands  upon  thy  head  ; 
For  the  Lord  hath  rejected  thy  confidences, 

t  Heb.  Sa,jin,.  ,\}l'^''   "^^'''^  "'^t   P'-^^P^^''  *»   them. 

t  J  hey  say,  "  If  a  man  put  away  his  wife  t. 

.i>e.^....  ti"t  S-^  ^•■'''"  '''"^'  ^'"^'  become  another  man's,  iT  "'• 

fenall    he  return  unto  her  a^ain  ? 

Shall  not  that  land  be  greatly  polluted  ?  " 

But  thou  hast  played  the  harlot  with  many  lovers  ; 
^  i^et  return  again  to  me,  saith  the  Lord. 

I'ift,  up  thine  eyes  unto  the  high  places 
h  Ge.  .T8  u  Pr         j}  '''^^  ''^'"''"^  ^'^^u  hast  uot  bccu  lain  with. 
23.28.Ez.  i(i.         1"    the  ways  hast  thou  set  for  them, 
""*'■■■  As  the  Arabian  in  the  wilderness  ; 

And  thou  hast  polluted  the  land  ' 

With  thy  whoredoms  and  with  thy  wickedness. 


a  See  2  Ki 
&c. 


Part  XVI.]  JOSIAII  REPAIRS  THE  TEMPLE.  843 

Le.  26. 19.  De.     3  Therefore  the  ^showers  have  been  withholden, 

■28.23,2^.  ^^^^^   ^1^^^^   j^_^^|^   ^^^^    j^^    j^j^gj.   j.j^-j^  . 

And  thou  hadst  a  whore's  forehead, 

Tliou  refusedst  to  be  aslianied. 

^  Wilt  thou  not  from  this  time  cry  unto  me, 

My  father !  thou  art  the  guide  of  my  youth  ? 

j  Pa.  77. 7.  ic.      5  ^jn  j]^q  reserve  his  anger  for  ever  ? 
I,.  57.  16.  ^.^^  ^^  j^^^^  .^  ^^  ^j^^  ^^^  P 

Behold,  thou  hast  spoken  and  done  evil  things  as  thou  couldest. 

SECT.  HI.      Section    III.— Josiah  repairs  the    Temple  ;—The  Booh  of  the  Law  is  founa 

—  by  Hilkiah. 

\!c.  S!"  2  Chron.  xxxiv.  8-32.-2  Kings  xxii.  3,  to  the  end,  and  xxiii.  1-3. 

Josiah  lakHh  order  for  the  repair  of  the  temple.    U  Hilkiah  having  found  a  book  of  the  Law,  Josiah 

sendeth  to  Huldah  to  inquire  of  the  Lord.  23  Huldah  prophesielh  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem, 
but  respite  thereof  in  Josiah's  time.  29  Josiah,  causing  it  to  be  read  m  a  solemn  assembly,  re- 
neweth  the  covenant  with  God. 

aw. Josiah.-  8  ^^^^  i^  tho  eighteenth  year  of  his  reign,  when  ^he  had  purged 
the  land,  and  the  house,  he  sent  Shaphan  the  son  of  Azaliah,  and 
Maaseiah  the  governor  of  the  city,  and  Joah  the  son  of  Joahaz  the 
recorder,  to  repair  the  house  of  the  Lord  his  God.  ^  And  when 
they  came  to  Hilkiah  the  high  priest,  they  delivered  "the  money  that 
was  brought  into  the  house  of  God,  which  the  Levites  that  kept  the 
doors  had  gathered  of  the  hand  of  Manasseh  and  Ephraim,  and  of 
all  the  remnant  of  Israel,  and  of  all  Judah  and  Benjamin ;  and 
they  returned  to  Jerusalem.  ^°  And  they  put  it  in  the  hand  of  the 
workmen  that  had  the  oversight  of  the  house  of  the  Loro,  and  they 
gave  it  to  the  workmen  that  wrought  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  to 
repair  and  mend  the  house:  '^  even  to  the  artificers  and  builders 
>  Or,  to  rafter,  g^ye  thoy  it,  to  buy  hewn  stone,  and  timber  for  couplings^  and  *to 
floor  the  houses  which  the  kings  of  Judah  had  destroyed.  ^^  And  the 
men  did  the  work  faithfully  :  and  the  overseers  of  them  were  Jahath 
and  Obadiah,  the  Levites,  of  the  sons  of  Merari ;  and  Zechanah  and 
Meshullam,  of  the  sons  of  the  Kohathites,  to  set  it  forward  ;  and 
other  of  the  Levites,  all  that  could  skill  of  instruments  of  music. 
13  Also  they  were  over  the  bearers  of  burdens,  and  were  overseers  of 
b  1  ch.  23. 4, 5.  all  that  wrought  the  work  in  any  manner  of  service  ;  ''and  of  the  Le- 
vites there  were  scribes,  and  officers,  and  porters. 

1^  And  when  they  brought  out  the  money  that  was  brought  into  the 

house  of  the  Lord,  Hilkiah  the   priest  found  a  Book   of  the  Law  of 

tHeb.il/fAe        j]-,g  L^j^^  give^i  tby  Moscs.  i^And  Hilkiah  answered  and  said  to  Sha- 

*""'^'''^"  phan  the  scribe,  "  I  have  found  the  Book  of  the  Law  in  the  house  of 

the  Lord."  And  Hilkiah  delivered    the    book    to    Shaphan.  '^  And 

Shaphan   carried  the   book   to  the  king,  and  brought  the  king  word 

XBeh.tothe        back  atrain,  saying,  "  All  that  was  committed  tto  thy  servants,  they  do 

'Zl'^poured      it.   ''  A°id  they  ha:ve  *gathered  together  the  money  that  was  found  in 

out,or,mched.    ^j^^  housc  of  the  LoRD,  and  have  deUvered   it  into    the   hand   of  the 

overseers,  and  to  the  hand  of  the  workmen."  ^^  Then  Shaphan  the  scribe 

told  the  king,  saying,  "  Hilkiah  the  priest  hath  given  me  a  book."  And 

tHeb.mi(.         Shaphan  read   tit  before  the  king.    ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  the 

king  had  heard  the  words  of  the  Law,  that  he  rent  his  clothes,  ^o  And 

the\ing  commanded  Hilkiah,  and  Ahikain  the  son  of  Shaphan,  and 

K%'  If  P       tAbdon  the  son  of  Micah,  and  Shaphan  the  scribe,  and  Asaiah  a  servant 

''    ■  "       of  the  king's,  saying,  -'  "  Go,  inquire  of   the  Lord   for  me,  and  for 

them  that  are  left  in  Israel  and  in  Judah,  concerning  the  words  of  the 

book  that  is  found  ;  for  great  is  the  wrath  of  the  Lord  that  is  poured 

out  upon  us,  because  our  fathers  have  not  kept  the  word  of  the  Lord, 

to  do  after  all  that  is  written  in  this  book."  ^^And  Hilkiah,  and  they 


844  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM  PROPHESIED.     [Period  VI 

that  the  king  had  appointed,  went  to  Huldah  the  prophetess,  the  wife 
-  Or,  Harkas.  ^f  ghallum  the  soH  of  Tikvath,  the  son  of  'Hasmh,  keeper  of  the 
I  ^^^'  "t'"'"""'^;   twardrobe  ;   (now  she  dwelt  in  Jerusalem  tin  the  college  :)  and  thev 

i  Or,  m  the  school,  i  i  i  rr-  »      '/  / 

or,  in  the  second  spake  to  her  to  that  eiicct. 

''"^'"  ~^  And  she  answered  them,  *•  Thus  saith  the  Lorb  God   of  Israel, 

Tell  ye  the  man  that  sent  you  to  me,  -^  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Behold, 
I  will  bring  evil  upon  this  place,  and  upon  the  inhabitants  thereof, 
even  all  the  curses  that  are  written  in  the  book  which  they  have  read 
before  the  king  of  Judah  ;  ^^  because  they  have  forsaken  me,  and  have 
burned  incense  unto  other  gods,  that  they  might  provoke  me  to  anger 
with  all  the  works  of  their  hands  ;  therefore  n\v  wrath  shall  be  poured 
out  upon  this  place,  and  shall  not  be  quenched.  -''  And  as  for  the 
king  of  Judah,  who  sent  you  to  inquire  of  the  Lord,  so  shall  ye  say 
unto  him,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  concerning  the  words 
which  thou  hast  heard  ;  -'  Because  thy  heart  was  tender,  and  thou  didst 
humble  thyself  before  God,  when  thou  heardest  his  words  against  this 
place,  and  against  the  inhabitants  thereof,  and  humbledst  thyself  be- 
fore me,  and  didst  rend  thy  clothes,  and  weep  before  me  ;  I  have  even 
heard  thee  also,  saith  the  Lord.  -^  Behold,  I  will  gather  thee  to  thy 
fathers,  and  thou  shalt  be  gathered  to  thy  grave  in  peace,  neither  shall 
thine  eyes  see  all  the  evil  that  I  will  bring  upon  this  place,  and  upon 
the  inhabitants  of  the  same."  So  they  brougiit  tiie  king  word  again. 
^^  Then  tlie  king  sent  and  gathered  together  all  the  elders  of  Judah 
and  Jerusalem.  ^°  And  the  king  went  up  into  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
and  all  the  men  of  Judah,  and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  and  the 

* ^^n'd'ZaiL^^  priests,  and  the  Levites,  and  all  the  people,  *great  and  small  ;  and  he 
read  in  their  ears  all  the  words  of  the  book  of  the  covenant  that  was 
found  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  the  king  stood  in  his  place, 
and  made  a  covenant  before  the  Lord,  to  walk  after  the  Lord,  and 
to  keep  his  commandments,  and  his  testimonies,  and  his  statutes,  with 
all  his  heart,  and  with  all  his  soul,  to  perform  the  words  of  the  cove- 
nant which  are  written  in  this  book.  ^^  And  he  caused  all  that  were 

t  Heb. /o«n^.  tpresent  in  Jerusalem  and  Benjamin  to  stand  to  it.  And  the  inhab- 
itants of  Jerusalem  did  according  to  the  covenant  of  God,  the  God  of 
their  fathers. 

2  Kings  xxii.  3,  to  the  end. — ^And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  king 
Josiah,  that  the  king  sent  Shaphan  the  son  of  Azaliah,  the  son  of  Meshullam  the  scribe, 
to  the  house  of  the  Lord,  saying,  ■* "  Go  up  to  Hilkiah  the  high  priest,  that  he  may  sum  the 
X  Heb.  threshold,  silver  wliich  is  brought  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  which  the  keepers  of  the  idoor  have 
gathered  of  the  people  :  '  and  let  them  deliver  it  into  the  liand  of  the  doers  of  the  work, 
that  iiave  the  oversigiit  of  tlie  house  of  tlie  LoRn  :  and  let  them  give  it  to  the  doers  of  the 
%vork  which  is  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  to  repair  the  breaciies  of  the  house,  *unto  car- 
penters, and  builders,  and  masons,  and  to  buy  timber  and  hewn  stone  to  repair  the  house. 
'  Howbeit  there  was  no  reckoning  made  with  them  of  the  money  that  was  delivered  into 
their  hand,  because  they  dealt  faithfully. 

■•And  Hilkiah  the  higli  priest  said  unto  Shaphan  the  scribe,  '•  I  have  found  the  Book  of 
the  Lnw  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.  And  Hilkiah  gave  tlie  book  to  Shaphan,  and  he  read 
it.  "  .\nd  Shaphan  the  scribe  came  to  the   king,  and  brought  tlie   king  word  again,  and 

•  He'j.  me'.ied.        said,  "  Thy  servants  have  *gathered  the  money  that  was  found  in  the  house,  and  have  de- 

livered it  into  the  hand  of  them  that  do  the  work,  that  have  the  oversight  of  the  house  of 

the  Lord."  '"And  Shaphan  the  scribe  showed  the  king,  saying,  '■  Hilkiah  the  priest  hath 

delivered  me  a  book."     And  Shaphan  read  it  before   tlie   king.  "And   it  came  to   pass, 

when  the  king  had  heard   the  words  of  the  Book  of  the   Law,  tliat  he  rent  his  clothes. 

'2  And  the  king  commanded  Hilkiah   the  priest,  and   Ahikam   the   son  of  Shaphan,  and 

c^i>don,iCh.34.  "^Aclibor  the  son  of  tMichaiah,  and  Shaphan  the  scribe,  and  Asahiah  a  servant  of  the 

fOr,  .1/icaA.  king's,  saying,  "<•  Go  ye,  inquire  of  the    Lord   for  me,  and  for  the  people,  and  for  all 

Judah,  concerning  the  words  of  tliis  book  that  is  found:  for  great  is  the  wrath  of  the 

Lord  that  is  kindled  against  us,  because  our  fathers  have  not  hearkened  unto   the  words 

t  Tdiaili   d  CI)    '^^'^'''^  botik,  to  do  according  unto  all  that  whicli  is  written  concerning  us." 

34.22.    '  '^SoHilkiali   the  priest,  and  Ahikam,  and  Achbor,  and   Shaphan,  and   Asahiah,  went 

♦  Or,  Haarah.        unto  Huldah  the  prophetess,  the  wife  of  Shallum  the  son  of  ITikvah,  the  son  of  *Harhas, 


Fart  XVL]  ZEPHANIAH  EXHORTS  THE  PEOPLE  TO  REPENTANCE.        845 

^  Heh.  garments,  keeper  of"  the  hviirdrobc  ;  (now  she  dwelt  in  Jerusalem  iin  the  college;)  and  they  coni- 
X  Or,  ill  the  second  niuned  with  her.  '^  And  she  said  unto  them,  "  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  Tell 
^'"■'-  the  man  that  sent  you  to  me,  '^Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Behold,  I  will  bring  evil  upon  this 

place,  and  upon  the  inhabitants  thereof,  even  all  the  words  of  the  book  which  the  king  of 
Judah  hath  read  ;  ^  because  they  have  forsaken  me,  and  have  burned  incense  unto  other 
gods,  that  they  might  provoke  me  to  anger  with  all  the  works  of  their  hands ;  therefore 
my  wrath  shall  be  kindled  against  this  place,  and  shall  not  be  quenched.  '*  But  to  the 
king  of  Judah  which  sent  you  to  inquire  of  the  Lord,  thus  shall  ye  say  to  him,  Thus 
saitli  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  As  touching  the  words  which  thou  hast  heard  ;  '^  because 
thy  heart  was  tender,  and  thou  hast  humbled  thyself  before  the  Lord,  when  tliou 
heardest  what  I  spake  against  this  place,  and  against  the  inhabitants  thereof,  that  they 
should  become  a  desolation  and  a  curse,  and  hast  rent  thy  clothes,  and  wept  before  me  ; 
I  also  have  heard  thee,  saith  the  Lord.  -"Behold,  therefore,  I  will  gather  thee  unto  thy 
fathers,  and  thou  shalt  be  gatliered  into  thy  grave  in  peace  ;  and  thine  eyes  shall  not  see 
all  the  evil  which  I  will  bring  upon  this  place."  And  they  brought  the  king  word  again. 
2  KiNGSxxiii.  1-3.— >  And  the  king  sent,  and  they  gathered  unto  him  all  the  elders 
of  Judah  and  of  Jerusalem.  "-^  And  the  king  went  up  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and 
all  the  men  of  Judah  and  all  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  with  him,  and  the  priests,  and 
Ueh.from  the  prophets,  and  all  the  people,  *both  small  and  great :  and  he  read  in  their  ears  all  the 

words  of  the  book  of  the  covenant  which  was  found  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^And 
the  king  stood  by  a  pillar,  and  made  a  covenant  before  the  Lord,  to  walk  after  the 
Lord,  and  to  keep  his  commandments  and  his  testimonies  and  his  statutes  with  all  their 
heart  and  all  their  soul,  to  perform  the  words  of  this  covenant  that  were  written  in  this 
book.     And  all  the  people  stood  to  the  covenant. 


small  evm  unto 
great 


A.  M.   3380. 
B.  C.  624. 


Section    IV. — Zephaniah  exhorts  the  People  to  Repentance  about  the  tiinc  of 

Josiah's  Reformation. 

THE  BOOK  OF  THE  PROPHET  ZEPHANIAH.  (58) 

God's  severe  judgment  ao^ainsl  Judah  for  divers  sins.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  An  exhortation  to  repentance. 
4  The  judgment  ofthf^PhUisiiiies.  8  of  Mn,ib  and  Amnion,  12  of  Ethiopia  and  Assyria.  —  Cliap. 
iii.  ]  A  siiarp  reproof  o/  .frriis,i/riii  /or  ilirrrs  sins.  8  An  exhortation  to  wait  for  the  restoration 
of  Israel,   14  and  to  njoiirfor  llirir  so/ro/ion  by  God. 

^  The  Word  of  the  Lord,  which  came  unto  Zephaniah  the  son 
OF  Cushi,  the  son  of  Gedaliah,  the  son  of  Amariah,  the 
son  of  Hiskiah,  in  the  days  of  Josiah,  the  son  of  Amon, 
king  of  Judah. 

* Iway  Fwiif"'^  "  *I  will   Utterly  consume  all  things  from  off  tthe  land,  saith  the 

make  an  end.        ^  I  wiU  cousume  uiau  and  bcast ;  [Lord. 

^Itn'd!^"""-^       I  will  consume  the  fowls  of  the  heaven, 
And  the  fishes  of  the  sea, 

"oT'idoi-^^'  ^"^^  "^''®  istumbling-blocks  with  the  wicked  ; 

XOr,idois.  ^^^^  J  ^^.jj  ^^^^  oiTman  from  off  the  land,  saith  the  Lord. 

^  I  will  also  stretch  out  my  hand  upon  Judah, 
And  upon  all  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  ; 

(5«)We  learn  from  Zephaniah  i.l,  that  he  began  to  priests,"  (9  Kings  xxiii.  5.)  They  were  called 
prophesy  in  the  reign  of  Josiah.  As  he  begins  his  Cheinarbn  because  clothed  in  black  garments,  which 
predictions  againstllie  "  remnant  of  Baal,  and  the  was  the  customary  dress  of  these  priests.  Zeph- 
name  of  the  Chemarims  ;  "  against  them  that  wor-  aniah  in  these  books  appears  to  have  aided  Josiah 
shipped  the  host  of  heaven,  and  swore  by  Mai-  in  his  attempt  to  bring  the  people  back  to  the  wor- 
cham,  or  Baal  ;  he  probably  addressed  those  idol-  ship  of  the  true  God.  The  first  chapter  denounces 
atrous  priests  who  were  not  yet  extirpated  by  the  vengeance  against  Judah,  and  those  who  observed 
religious  zeal  of  Josiah  ;  compare  Zeph.  i.  4,  5-9,  the  rites  of  idolators,  or  violently  invaded  the  prop- 
with  2  Kings  x.\iii.  5,  6-12.  He  foretold  also  the  erty  of  others  (ver.  !).),  and  deelares  that  the  great 
deslructionof  Nineveh  ;  and  from  these  considera-  day  of  trouble,  distress,  and  de.solation  was  at  hand, 
tinns  he  may  be  supposed  to  have  prophesied  before  (ver.  1.5.)  In  the  second  chapter  the  prophet  pre- 
the  last  reformation  made  by  Josiah  :  and,  as  he  diets  woe  to  the  Cherethites,  the  Moabites,  Am- 
preceded  Jeremiah,  that  he  entered  on  his  office  monites,  and  Ethiopians  ;  and  describes  the  desola- 
towards  the  commencement  of  the  reign  of  that  tion  of  Nineveh  in  terms  singularly  expressive, 
monarch.  These  two  prophets  resemble~'each  other  The  Cherethites  were  the  Philistines  wdio  bordered 
so  much  in  tlie  parts  where  they  treat  of  the  idola-  on  the  Mediterranean,  called  Cherethims.  These 
trli'.s  and  wickedness  of  the  Jews,  that  it  has  been  prophecies  were  chiefly  accomplished  by  the  con- 
supposed  that  Zephaniah  was  the  abbreviator  of  quests  of  Nebuchadnezzar.  In  the  third  chapter 
Jeremiah,  or  that  Jeremiah  was  the  pupil  of  the  the  prophet  returns  to  Jerusalem,  and  inveighs 
former :  Zephaniah  apparently  prophesied  before  against  her  pollutions  and  oppressions,  which 
Jeremiah,  and  the  latter  seems  to  speak  of  those  should  be  punished  in  God's  general  vengeance  ; 
abuses  as  partially  removed,  which  the  former  and  concludes,  as  usual,  with  predictions  of  a  rem- 
describes  as  existing  in  the  most  flagitious  extent,  nant.  who  shall  trust  in  the  Lord ;  and  with 
(Compare  Zepli.  i.  4,  5,  0,  with  Jer.  ii.  .5,  20,  32.)  promises  of  the  general  restoration  of  the  Jews. — 
The    word     Chemarim    is    translated    "idolatrous  Lightfoot ;  Gray's /■C^ei/,  in  loc. 

VOL.  I.  3  s* 


846 


ZEPHANIAH  EXHORTS  THE  PEOPLE  TO  REPEr^ITANCE.     [Period  VI. 


*  Or,  to  the 
LORD. 


c  U.  13.  6. 

d  Is.  34.  6.  Je. 

46.  10.  Ez.  39. 
"17.  Re.  19.  17. 
t  Hcl).  sanctified, 

or,  prepared. 
I  Heb.  visit  upon 


/De. 
Am. 

28. 

30,  39. 
11. 

g  Mic 

.  6 

.  15. 

h  Joel 

2. 

1,  11. 

I  la.  22.  5.  Je.  30. 
7.  Joel  2.  2,  11. 
Am.  5.  18. 


j  Jo.  4.  19. 


And  'I  will  cut  off  the  remnant  of  Baal  from  this  place, 
And  the  name  of  the  Chemarinis  with  the  priests  ; 
^  And  them  that  worship  the  host  of  heaven  upon  the  housetops ; 
And  tiiem  that  worsliip  and  that  swear  *by  the  Lord, 
And  that  swear  l)y  Malciiani  ; 
^  And  tiiem  that  are  turned  back  from  the  Lord  ; 
And  those  that  have  not  sought  the  Lord,  nor  inquired  for  him. 

"  Hold  thy  peace  at  the  presence  of  the  Lord  God  ; 
For  'the  day  of  the  Lord  is  at  hand  ; 
For  "the  Lord  hath  prepared  a  sacrifice — he  hath  tbid  his  guests. 

^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  the  day  of  the  Lord's  sacrifice, 
That  I  will  tpunish  the  princes,  and  the  king's  children. 
And  all  such  as  are  clothed  with  strange  apparel. 
^  In  the  same  day  aiso  will  I  punish  all  those  that  leap  on  the  threshold, 
Which  fill  their  masters'  houses  with  violence  and  deceit. 
'"  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord, 
That  there  siiall  be  the  noise  of  a  cry  from  the  fish-gate, 
And  a  howling  from  the  second, 
And  a  great  crashing  from  the  hills. 
^^  Howl,  'ye  inhabitants  of  Maktesh  ! 

For  all  the  merchant  people  are  cut  down  ; 
All  they  that  bear  silver  are  cut  off. 

^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  at  that  time. 
That  I  will  search  Jerusalem  with  candles, 
And  punish  the  men  that  are  *settled  on  their  lees : 
That  say  in  their  heart, 

The  Lord  will  not  do  good — neither  will  he  do  evil. 
^^  Therefore  their  goods  shall  become  a  booty. 
And  their  houses  a  desolation  : 

They  shall  also  build  houses — but  ^not  inhabit  them  ; 
And  they  shall  plant  vineyards — but  "not  drink  the  wine  thereof. 

^^  The  ''great  day  of  the  Lord  is  near. 
It  is  near,  and  hasteth  greatly, 
Even  the  voice  of  the  day  of  the  Lord  : 
The  mighty  man  shall  cry  there  bitterly. 
^^  That  'day  is  a  day  of  wrath, 
A  day  of  trouble  and  distress, 
A  day  of  wasteness  and  desolation, 
A  day  of  darkness  and  gloominess, 
A  day  of  clouds  and  thick  darkness, 
^^  A  day  'of  tlie  trumpet  and  alarm 

Against  the  fenced  cities,  and  against  the  high  towers. 
^■^  And  I  will  bring  distress  upon  men. 
That  they  shall  *walk  like  blind  men, 
Because  they  have  sinned  against  the  Lord  : 
And  their  blood  shall  be  poured  out  as  dust, 
A\n\  their  flesh  as  the  dung. 
^^  Neither  'their  silver  nor  their  gold  shall  be  able  to  deliver  them 
In  the  day  of  the  Lord's  wrath  ; 

But  the  whole  land  shall  be  devoured  by  the  fire  of  his  jealousy : 
For  he  shall  make  even  a  speedy  riddance 
Of  all  them  that  dwell  in  the  land. 

^  Gather  yourselves  together,  Zephaniah  ii. 

Yea,  gather  together,  O  nation  not  tdesired  ! 
2  Before  the  decree  bring  forth. 
Before  the  day  pass  as  the  chaff, 


Part  XVI.l  ZEPHANIAH  EXHORTS  THE  PEOPLE  TO  REPENTANCE.         847 


n  Joel  2.  14.  Am. 

5.  15.  Jon.  3.  9. 
0  Je.  47.4,5.  Ez. 

25.  15.  Am.  1.6, 

7,  8.  Zee.  9.5,  6. 
p  Je.  6.  4.  &  15. 

8. 


5  Jos.  13.  3. 


r  See 

Is.  r 

?.  2. 

4.  7. 
Hag 
2.2. 

&5. 

.  1.  1 

.  Mic 

7,8. 
2.  & 

J  Or, 

When,  Si-c. 

«Ex. 

68. 

4.31, 

,  Lu.: 

MPs. 

29. : 

126. 
14. 

1.  Je. 

ris.  XV.  Je.xlviii. 

Ez.  25.  9.  Am. 

2.  1. 
w  Am.  1.  13. 
X  Ge.  19.  2,).  De 

29.  23.1s.  13.19. 

&34.  13.  Je.  49. 

18.  &  50.  40. 


*  lleb.  make  lean. 

wMal.  1.  11.  Jo. 
4.  21. 
I  Ge.  10.  5. 


lis.  10.  12.  Ez. 
31.  3.  Nah.  1.  1. 
&  2.  10.  &.  3.  15, 
18. 


f  Or,  pelican. 
J  Or,  ku'ips,  or, 
ckapiters. 


*  Or,  Wicn  he. 
hath  uncovered. 


Before  '"the  fierce  anger  of  the  Lord  come  upon  you, 
Before  the  day  of  the  Lord's  anger  come  upon  you. 
3  Seek  ye  the  Lord,  all  ye  meek  of  the  earth, 
(Which  have  wrought  his  judgment  ;) 
Seek  righteousness,  seek  meekness : 
It  "may  be  ye  shall  be  hid  in  the  day  of  the  Lord's  anger. 

■•  For  "Gaza  shall  be  forsaken,  and  Ashkelon  a  desolation  : 
They  shall  drive  out  Ashdod  ''at  the  noon  day. 
And  Ekron  shall  be  rooted  up. 

5  Woe  unto  the  inhabitants  of  the  sea  coasts,  the  nation  of  the  Chere- 
The  word  of  the  Lord  is  against  you,  [thites  . 

0  'Canaan,  the  land  of  the  Philistines  ! 

1  will  even  destroy  thee— that  there  shall  be  no  inhabitant. 

6  And  the  sea  coast  shall  be  dwellings  and  cottages  for  shepherds, 
And  Tolds  for  flocks.  r  t   j  u 

7  And  the  coast  shall  be  for  ^the  remnant  of  the  house  of  Judah; 
They  shall  feed  thereupon  : 

In  the  houses  of  Ashkelon  shall  they  lie  down  in  the  evening : 
tFor  the  Lord  their  God  shall  'visit  them. 
And  "turn  away  their  captivity. 

^  I  have  heard  the  reproach  of  Moab, 
And  the  revilings  of  the  children  of  Ammon, 
Whereby  they  have  reproached  my  people. 
And  magnified  themselves  against  their  border. 

9  Therefore  as  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel, 
Surely  "Moab  shall  be  as  Sodom, 

And  "the  children  of  Ammon  as  Gomorrah, 

Even  ^the  breeding  of  nettles,  and  saltpits,  and  a  perpetual  desola- 
The  residue  of  my  people  shall  spoil  them,  [tion  : 

And  the  remnant  of  my  people  shall  possess  them. 

10  This  shall  they  have  for  their  pride. 

Because  they  have  reproached  and  magnified  themselves 
Against  the  people  of  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

11  The  Lord  will  be  terrible  unto  them : 

For  he  will  *  famish  all  the  gods  of  the  earth  ; 

And  ^men  shall  worship  him,  every  one  from  his  place, 

Even  all  ~'the  isles  of  the  heathen. 

1-  Ye  Ethiopians  also. 
Ye  shall  be  slain  by  my  sword. 

13  And  he  will  stretch  out  his  hand  against  the  north, 
And  "destroy  Assyria  ; 
And  will  make  Nineveh  a  desolation. 
And  dry  like  a  wilderness. 
14  And  flocks  shall  lie  down  in  the  midst  of  her. 
All  the  beasts  of  the  nations  : 

Both   the  tcormorant    and    the  bittern  shall  lodge  in  the   tupper 
Their  voice  shall  sing  in  the  windows  ;  [lintels  of  it ; 

Desolation  shall  be  in  the  thresholds  : 
*For  he  shall  uncover  the  cedar  work. 
1'^  This  is  tiie  rejoicing  city  that  dwelt  carelessly, 

That  "said  in  her  heart,  I  am,  and  there  is  none  besides  me. 

How  is  she  become  a  desolation, 

A  place  for  beasts  to  lie  down  in ! 

Every  one  that  passeth  by  her  shall  hiss,  and  wag  his  hand. 

1  Woe  to  iher  that  is  filthy  and  polluted,  Zevhaniah  iii 

To  the  oppressing  city  ! 

2  She  obeyed  not  the  voice ; 


848 


ZEPHANIAH  EXHORTS  THE  PEOPLE  TO  REPENTANCE.     [Period  VI. 


X  Or,  instruction 


*  Heb.  Morning 
by  murning. 


f  Or,  comers. 


g  Joel  3.  2. 


*  Heb.  shoulder. 

h  Ps.  fi8.  31.  Is. 
]•;.  1,7.  &  00.  4 
&c.  .\Ial.  1.  11 
Ac.  8.  27. 


iJe.  7.  4.  Mic.  3. 
11.  Mat.  3.  9. 
t  Heb.  in.  my  holy. 


i  Is.  U.  32.  Ze. 
]l.  II.  -Mat.  5. 
3.  1  Co.  1.27, 
28.  Ja.2.  5. 


kio.\.  4'J. 
I  Ez.  48.  35.  Re. 
7.  15.  &.  21.  3,  4. 


TO  He.  12.  12. 
%  Or,  faint. 

*  Heb.  be  silent. 


She  received  not  tcorrection  ; 

She  trusted  not  in  the  Lord  ; 

She  drew  not  near  to  her  God. 
^  Her  princes  within  her  are  roaring  hons  ; 

Her  judges  are  evening  wolves  : 

They  gnaw  not  the  bones  till  the  morrow, 
^  Her  prophets  are  light  and  treacherous  persons : 

Her  priests  have  polluted  the  sanctuary, 

They  have  done  violence  to  the  Law. 

^  The  'just  Loud  is  in  the  midst  thereof ; 

He  will  not  do  iniquity  ; 

*Every  morning  doth  he  bring  his  judgment  to  light,  he  faileth  not ; 

But  the  unjust  knoweth  no  shame. 
^  I  have  cut  off  the  nations — their  ttowers  are  desolate  ; 

I  made  their  streets  waste — that  none  passeth  by  ; 

Their  cities  are  destroyed — so  that  there  is  no  man. 

That  there  is  none  inhabitant, 
■^  I  ''said,  Surely  thou  wilt  fear  me,  thou  wilt  receive  instruction  ; 

So  their  dwelling  should  not  be  cut  off,  howsoever  I  punished  them  : 

But  they  rose  early,  and  "corrupted  all  their  doings. 
^  Therefore  -'^wait  ye  upon  me,  saith  the  Lord, 

Until  the  day  that  I  rise  up  to  the  prey : 

For  my  determination  is  ^to  gather  the  nations, 

That  I  may  assemble  the  kingdoms, 

To  pour  upon  them  mine  indignation,  even  all  my  fierce  anger  : 

For  all  the  earth  shall  be  devoured  with  the  fire  of  my  jealousy. 
^  For  then  will  I  turn  to  the  people  a  pure  ^language. 

That  they  may  all  call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord, 

To  serve  him  with  one  *consent. 
^°  From  'beyond  the  rivers  of  Ethiopia  my  suppliants, 

Even  the  daughter  of  my  dispersed, 

Shall  bring  mine  offering. 
^^  In  that  day  shalt  thou  not  be  ashamed  for  all  thy  doings. 

Wherein  thou  hast  transgressed  against  me  ; 

For  then  I  will  take  away  out  of  the  midst  of  thee 

Them  that  'rejoice  in  thy  pride, 

And  thou  shalt  no  more  be  haughty  fbecause  of  my  holy  mountain. 
^^  I  will  also  leave  in  the  midst  of  thee 

An  ^afflicted  and  poor  people. 

And  they  shall  trust  in  the  name  of  the  Lord. 
^^  The  remnant  of  Israel  shall  not  do  iniquity,  nor  speak  lies; 

Neither  shall  a  deceitful  tongue  be  found  in  their  mouth  : 

For  they  shall  feed  and  lie  down,  and  none  shall  make  them  afraid. 
^^  Sing,  O  daughter  of  Zion  ! 

Shout,  O  Lsrael ! 

Be  glad  and  rejoice  with  all  the  heart, 

O  daughter  of  Jerusalem  ! 
'^  The  Lord  hath  taken  away  thy  judgments. 

He  hath  cast  out  thine  enemy : 

The  ''king  of  Israel,  even  the  Lord,  'is  in  the  midst  of  thee : 

Thou  shalt  not  see  evil  any  more. 

"'  In  that  day  it  shall  be  said  to  Jerusalem,  Fear  thou  not ! 

And  to  Zion,  Let  ""not  thy  hands  be  tslack  ! 
^'  The  Lord  thy  God  in  the  midst  of  thee  is  mighty — he  will  save. 

He  will  rejoice  over  thee  with  joy — he  will  *rest  in  his  love. 

He  will  joy  over  thee  with  singing. 
'^  I  will  gather  them  that  are  sorrowful  for  the  solemn  assembly, 


Part  XVL] 


REFORMATION  OF  RELIGION  BY  JOSIAH. 


849 


f  Heb.  the.  burden 
upon  it  was  re- 
jtroach. 


J  Ileb.  set  them 
for  a  praise. 
*  Heb.  of  their 

n  Is.  11.  12.  Ez 

28.  25.  Am.  9. 
14. 


Who  are  of  thee, 

To  whom  Tthe  reproach  of  it  was  a  burden. 
^^  Behold,  at  that  time  I  will  undo  all  that  afflict  thee : 

And  I  will  save  her  that  halteth,  and  gather  her  that  was  driven  out ; 

And  I  will  Iget  them  praise  and  fame 

In  every  land  *where  they  have  been  put  to  shame. 
^°  At  that  "time  will  I  bring  you  again, 

Even  in  the  time  that  I  gather  you  ; 

For  I  will  make  you  a  name  and  a  praise 

Among  all  people  of  the  earth, 

When  I  turn  back  your  captivity  before  your  eyes,  saith  the  Lord. 

[end  of  the  book  of  the  prophet   zephaniah.] 


Section  V. — Riformation  of  Religion  by  Josiah,  and   Celebration  of  the 
Passover. 


2  Kings  xxiii.  4-20. — 2  Chron.  xxxiv.  33, 


-19.— 2  Kings  xxiii.  21- 


*  Heb.  caused  to 

f  Heb.  chemarim. 
Ho.  10.  .5.  Fore- 
told, Zep.  1.  4. 


I  1  Ki.  14.  24. 
15.  12. 
5  Ez.  16.  16. 
►  Heb.  houses. 


c  See  Ez.  44.  10- 

14. 
d  1  Sa.  2.  36. 


e  Le.  18.  21. 
23.  37,  39. 


f  Or,  eunuch,  or, 

officer. 
fSee  Je.  19.  13. 

Ze.  1.5. 

g-2Ki.  21.  5. 


*  That  is,  the 

JMoiint  of 

Olives. 
h  1  Ki.  11.7. 

i  Ex.  23.  24. 

VOL. 


•  prophe- 


Josicih  destroyeth  idolatnj.     He  Imrnetli  dead  me?i's  bones  upon  the  altar  at  Beth-el, 
sied.     He  keepeth  a  most  solemn  Passover. 

'*  And  the  ''king  commanded  Hilkiah  the  high  priest,  and  the  priests 
of  the  second  order,  and  the  keepers  of  the  door,  to  bring  forth  out 
of  the  temple  of  the  Lord  all  the  vessels  that  were  made  for  Baal,  and 
for  the  grove,  and  for  all  the  host  of  heaven  ;  and  he  burned  them 
without  Jerusalem  in  the  fields  of  Kidron,  and  carried  the  ashes  of 
them  unto  Beth-el.  ^  And  he  *put  down  tthe  idolatrous  priests,  whom 
the  kings  of  Judah  had  ordained  to  burn  incense  in  the  high  places  in 
the  cities  of  Judah,  and  in  the  places  round  about  Jerusalem  ;  them 
also  that  burned  incense  unto  Baal,  to  the  sun,  and  to  the  moon,  and 
to  the  Iplanets,  and  to  all  the  host  of  heaven,  ^  And  he  brought  out 
the  grove  from  the  house  of  the  Lord,  without  Jerusalem,  unto  the 
brook  Kidron,  and  burned  it  at  the  brook  Kidron,  and  stamped  it  small 
to  powder,  and  cast  the  powder  thereof  upon  the  graves  of  the  chil- 
dren of  the  people.  '^  And  he  brake  down  the  houses  "of  the  sodom- 
ites, that  were  by  the  house  of  the  Lord,  'where  the  women  wove 
*hangings  for  the  grove.  ^  And  he  brought  all  the  priests  out  of  the 
cities  of  Judah,  and  defiled  the  high  places  where  the  priests  had  burned 
incense,  from  Geba  to  Beer-sheba,  and  brake  down  the  high  places  of 
the  gates  that  were  in  the  entering-in  of  the  gate  of  Joshua  the  gov- 
ernor of  the  city,  which  were  on  a  man's  left  hand  at  the  gate  of  the 
city.  ^  Nevertheless  "the  priests  of  the  high  places  came  not  up  to  the 
altar  of  the  Lord  in  Jerusalem,  ''but  they  did  eat  of  the  unleavened 
bread  among  their  brethren.  ^^  And  he  defiled  Topheth,  which  is  in  the 
valley  of  the  children  of  Hinnom,  'that  no  man  might  make  his  son 
or  his  daughter  to  pass  through  the  fire  to  Molech.  ^^  And  he  took 
away  the  horses  that  the  kings  of  Judah  iiad  given  to  the  sun,  at  the 
entering-in  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  by  the  chamber  of  Nathan- 
melech  the  tchamberlain,  which  was  in  the  suburbs,  and  burned  the 
chariots  of  the  sun  with  fire.  ^^  And  the  altars  that  were  ^on  the  top 
of  the  upper  chamber  of  Ahaz,  which  the  kings  of  Judah  had  made, 
and  the  altars  which  ^Manasseh  had  made  in  the  two  courts  of  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  did  the  king  beat  down,  and  tbrake  them  down 
from  thence,  and  cast  the  dust  of  them  into  the  brook  Kidron.  ^^  And 
the  high  places  that  were  before  Jerusalem,  which  were  on  the  right 
hand  of  *the  Mount  of  Corruption,  which  'Solomon  the  king  of  Israel 
had  builded  for  Ashtoreth  the  abomination  of  the  Zidonians,  and  for 
Chemosh  the  abomination  of  the  Moabites,  and  for  Milcoin  the  abom- 
ination of  the  children  of  Ammoa,  did  the  king  defile.  ^^  And  he  'brake 
107 


850  REFORMATION  OF  RELIGION  BY  JOSIAH.  [Period  VL 


X  Heb.  to  escape, 
m  1  Ki.  13.  31. 


^  ueh.  statues,  in  pieccs  the  timages,  and  cut  down  the  groves,  and  filled  their  places 
with  the  bones  of  men, 

;i  Ki.  12.  28,33.  15  Morcover  the  altar  that  was  at  Beth-el,  and  the  iiigii  ])lace  which 
Jeroboam  the  son  of  Xebat,  who  made  Israel  to  sin,  had  made,  both 
that  altar  and  the  high  place  he  brake  down,  and  burned  the  high  place, 
and  stamped  it  small  to  powder,  and  burned  the  grove.  ^^  And  as  Josiah 
turned  himself,  he  spied  the  sepulchres  that  were  there  in  the  mount, 
and  sent,  and  took  the  bones  out  of  the  sepulchres,  and  burned  them 

k  1  Ki.  13.  2.  upon  the  altar,  and  polluted  it,  according  to  'the  word  of  the  Lord 
which  the  man  of  God  proclaimed,  who  proclaimed  these  words.  ^"  Then 
he  said.  "  What  title  is  that  that  I  see  ?  "   And  the  men  of  the  city  told 

/ 1  Ki.  13. 1, 30.  jjj,^^^  u  i^  ig  ;jjjg  sepulchre  of  the  man  of  God,  which  came  from  .Tudah, 
and  proclaimed  these  things  that  thou  hast  done  against  the  altar  of 
Beth-el."  ^^  And  he  said,  "  Let  him  alone  ;  let  no  man  move  his  bones." 
So  they  let  his  bones  |alone,with  the  bones  of  '"the  prophet  that  came 
out  of  Samaria.  ^^  And  all  the  houses  also  of  the  high  places  that  were 
in  the  cities  of  Samaria,  which  the  kings  of  Israel  had  made  to  pro- 
voke the  Lord  to  anger,  Josiah  took  away,  and  did  to  them  accord- 
ing to  all  the  acts  that  he  had  done  in  Beth-el.  -°  And  he  *slew  all  the 
priests  of  the  high  places  that  were  there  upon  the  altars,  and  burned 
men's  bones  upon  them,  and  returned  to  Jerusalem. 

^^And  Josiah  took  away  all  "the  abominations  out  of  all  SChro.  xxxiv. 
the  countries  that  pertained  to  the  children  of  Israel,  and 
made  all  that  were  present  in  Israel  to  serve,  even  to  serve  the  Lord 
their  God.  "And  all   his  days  they  departed   not  tfrom  following  the 
Lord,  the  God  of  their  fathers. 

^Moreover  Josiah  kept  a  Passover  unto  the  Lord  in  SChro.xxxv. 
Jerusalem  ;  and  they  killed  the  Passover  on  the  ^'fourteenth 

V  Ezra 6. 18.  day  of  the  first  month.  ^  And  he  set  the  priests  in  their  'charges,  and 
encouraged  them  to  the  service  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  ^and  said 

r  De.33. 10.  Mai.  ^nto  thc  Lcvitcs  'that  taught  all  Israel,  which  were  holy  unto  the  Lord, 
See  2  ch.  34.     "  Put  'the  holy  ark  in  the  house  which  Solomon  the  son  of  David  king 
of  Israel  did  build  ;   'it  shall   not  be  a  burden   upon   your  shoulders  : 
serve  now  the  Lord   your   God,  and  his  people  Israel.  •*  And  prepare 
ich.  9. 10.       yourselves  by  "the  houses  of  your  fathers,  after  your  courses,  accord- 
ing  to   the  "writing  of  David    king  of  Israel,  and  according   to  the 
14.       "writing  of  Solomon  his  son.  ^  And  stand  in  the  holy  place  according 

^of1he.f!ui!^T"    to  the  divisions  of  Ithe  families  of  the  fathers  of  your  brethren  *the 

*He\K  the  sons     pcoplc,  and  after  the  division  of  the  families  of  the  Levites.  ^  So  kill 

ofihcpeapie.  ^j^g  Passover,  and  sanctify  yourselves,  and  prepare  your  brethren,  that 
they  may  do  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord  by  the  hand  of  Moses." 
"And  Josiah  tgave  to  the  people,  of  the  flock,  lambs  and  kids,  all 
for  the  passover  offerings,  for  all  that  were  present,  lo  the  number  of 
tiiirty  thousand,  and  three  thousand  bullocks  :   these  were  of  the  king's 

tueb.  offered.  substaucc.  ^  And  his  princes  tgave  willingly  unto  the  people,  to  the 
priests,  and  to  the  Levites:  Hilkiah  and  Zechariah  and  Jehiel,  rulers 
of  the  house  of  God,  gave  unto  the  priests  for  thc  passover  offerings 
two  thousand  and  six  hundred  small  cattle,  and  three  hundred  o\en. 
"  Cononiah  also,  and  Shemaiah  and  Nethaneel.  his  brethren,  and  Ilasha- 

*YM>.  offered  ijjy]-,  and  Jeicl  and  Jozabad,  chief  of  the  Levites,  *gave  unto  tiie 
Levites  for  passover  offerings  five  thousand  small  cattle,  and  five  hun- 
dred o.\en. 

^°  So  the  service  was  prepared,  and  the  priests  stood  in  tlieir  place, 
and  tlie  Levites  in  their  courses,  according  to  the  king's  command- 
ment. ''And  they  killed  the  Passover,  and  the  priests  sprinkled  the 
blood  from  their  hands,  and  the  Levites  flayed  them.  .'-And  they 
removed  thc   burnt  offerings,  that  they  might  oive  according   to  the 


oJe.3.  10. 

t  Heb.  from  after. 


p  Ex.  12.  G.  Ezra 


14. 
;  1  Ch.  23.  2(i. 


V  1  Ch.  xxii 

xxvi. 
to  2  Ch.  8. 


t  Hob.  offered. 


the 


12. 


Part  XVI.]  JEREMIAH  REPROACHES  THE  PEOPLE.  851 

divisions  of  the  families  of  the  people,  to  offer  unto  tlie  Lord,  as  it  is 

X  Le.  3. 3.  written  'in  the  book  of  Moses.     And  so  did  they  with  the  oxen.   ^^  And 

2/ Ex.  13. 8, 9.      they  "roasted  the  Passover  with  fire  according  to   the  ordinance  ;  but 

z  1  sa.  2. 13-15.    the' Other  holy  otlerings  'sod  they  in  pots,  and  in  caldrons,  and  in  pans, 

Heb.  made         aud  tdivided  thein  speedily  among  all   the   people.   ^^  And  afterward 

"^  they  made  ready  for  themselves,  and  for   the    priests  :   because   the 

priests  the  sons  of  Aaron  v.ere   busied   in   offering  of  burnt  offerings 

and  the  fat  until  night ;   therefore  the  Levites  prepared  for  themselves, 

and  for  the  priests  the  sons  of  Aaron.   ^^  And  the  singers  the  sons  of 

%ueh.  station.      Asaph  vverc  in  their  tplace,  according  to  the  "commandment  of  David, 

ai  ch.-25. 1,  s^c.  ^^^  Asaph,  and  Heman,  and  Jeduthun  the  king's  seer  ;  and  the  porters 

waited  at  every  gate  ;  they  might  not  depart  from   their  service ;  for 

their  brethren  the  Levites  prepared  for  them. 

1*^  So  all  the  service  of  the  Lord  was  prepared  the  same  day,  to  keep 
the  Passover,  and  to  offer  burnt  offerings  upon  the  altar  of  the  Lord, 
according  to  the  commandment  of  king  Josiah.  i"  And  the  children  of 
*Heb./««nrt  Israel  that  were  *present  kept  the  Passover  at  that  time,  and  the  feast 
of  ^Unleavened  Bread  seven  days.  ^^  And  there  was  no  Passover  like 
to  that  kept  in  Israel  from  the  days  of  Samuel  the  prophet ;  neither 
did  all  the  kings  of  Israel  keep  such  a  Passover  as  Josiah  kept,  and 
the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  and  all  Judah  and  Israel  that  were  present, 
and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem.  ''■'  In  the  eighteenth  year  of  the  reign 
of  Josiah  was  this  Passover  kept. 

2  Kings  xxiii.  21-24.— 2'  And  the  king  commanded  all  the  people,  saying,  "  Keep  the 
Passover  unto  the  Lord  your  God,  as  it  is  written  in  the  book  of  this  covenant."  ^^  Surely 
there  was  not  holden  such  a  Passover  from  the  days  of  the  judges  that  judged  Israel,  nor 
in  all  the  days  of  the  kings  of  Israel,  nor  of  the  kings  of  Judah  ;  ^s  but  in  the  eighteenth 
year  of  king  Josiah,  wherein  tliis  Passover  was  holden  to  the  Lord  in  Jerusalem.  ^*  More- 
over, the  workers  with  familiar  spirits,  and  the  wizards,  and  the  timages,  and  the  idols, 
and  all  the  abominations  that  were  spied  in  the  land  of  Judah  and  in  Jerusalem,  did 
Josiah  put  away,  that  he  might  perform  the  words  of  the  Law  which  were  written  in  the 
book  that  Hilkiah  the  priest  found  in  the  house  of  the  Lord 

Section    VI. — Jeremiah    reproorhcs    the   People  for    their  Backsliding, 

cifter  the  Reformation  by  Josiah. 

Jeremiah  iii.  6,  to  the  end.^^^1 

^  The  Lord  said  also  unto   me  in   the  days  of  Josiah  the  king, — 

Hast  thou  seen  that  which  backsliding  Israel  hath  done  ?  she  is  gone 

up  upon  every  high  mountain  and  under  every  green  tree,  and  there 

hath  played  the  harlot.  "  And  "I  said  after  she  had  done  all  these  things, 

Turn    thou  unto  me.     But  she   returned   not.     And    her  treacherous 

sister  Judah  saw  it.  ^  And  I   saw,  when   for   all   the   causes  whereby 

backsliding  Israel  committed  adultery  I  had  'put  her  away,  and  given 

her  a  bill  of  divorce  ;  yet  her  treacherous  sister  Judah  feared  not,  but 

went  and  played  the  harlot  also.  '-"  And  it  came  to  pass  through  the 

*OT,fame.  *lightness  of  her  whoredom,  that  she  defiled  the  land,  and  committed 

adultery  with  stones  and  with  stocks.   ^"  And  yet  for  all  this  her  treach- 

£2Ch.  34. 33.      erous  sister  Judah  hath  not  turned  unto  me  'with  her  whole  heart,  but 

t  Heh.  mfaise-     tfcignedly,  saith   the   Lord. 

''<>'"'■  ii  And  the   Lord  said    unto  me,  The  backsliding   Israel  hath  justi- 

fied herself  more   than  treacherous  Judah.   ^^Go   and   proclaim  these 
words  toward  the  north,  and  say, — 

Return,  thou  backsliding  Israel,  saith  the  Lord; 
And  I  will  not  cause  mine  anger  to  fall  upon  you  : 

(59)  Here  begins  an  entire  and  distinct  prophecy,  people  of  Judah  and   Jerusalem  to  prevent,  by  re- 

which  is  continued  to  the  end  of  the  sixth  chapter,  pentance,  the  divine  judgments.     The   Babylonian 

The  first  part  contains  a  complaint  against   Judah,  invasion  is   clearly  and  fully  foretold,  with   all   its 

for  havino-  exceeded  the  guilt  of  her  sister   Israel,  attendant  miseries  ;  and  the  shameless  adulteries  of 

whom  God  had  already  cast  off  for   her   idolatrous  the  people  are  represented  as  the  cause  of  this  na- 

apostacy.      The   second  is   an  exhortation  to    the  tional  ruin. — Dr.  Blayney. 


M.  3392. 
.  C.  612. 


6  2Ki.  17.  6,  18. 


852 


JEREMIAH  REPROACHES  THE  PEOPLE. 


[Period  VI. 


/Ro.  11.  5. 


g  Ez.  34.  23. 
Epb.  4.  11. 
h  Ac.  20.  28. 


*  Or,  it  be  magni- 
JUd. 


f  Or,  stubborn- 
ness. 
t  Or,  to. 


*  Or,  caused  your 
fathers  to  possess. 

j  Pa.  106.  24.  Ez. 

20.  6.  Da.  8.  9. 

&  11.  16,  41,45. 
t  Heb.  land  of 

desire. 
J  Heb.  heritage 

of  glory,  or, 

beauty. 

♦  Hoh.from  after 


t  Heb./ne;«I. 


For  I  am  merciful,  saith  the  Lord, 

And  I  will  not  keep  anger  for  ever. 
^^  Only  ''acknowledge  thine  iniquity, 

That  thou  hast  transgressed  against  the  Lord  thy  God, 

And  hast  scattered  thy  ways  to  the  strangers 

'Under  every  green  tree, 

And  ye  have  not  obeyed  my  voice,  saith  the  Lord. 
^■^  Turn,  O  backsliding  children  !    saith  the  Lord  ; 

For  I  am  married  unto  you  ; 

And  I  will  take  you  -^one  of  a  city,  and  two  of  a  family, 

And  1  will  bring  you  to  Zion  ; 
^^  And  I  will  give  you  ^pastors  according  to  my  heart, 

Which  shall  ''feed  you  with  knowledge  and  understanding. 
^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass, 

When  ye  be  multiplied  and  increased  in  the  land. 

In  those  days,  saith  the  Lord, 

They  shall  say  no  more,  "  The  ark  of  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  ; " 

Neither  shall  it  tcome  to  mind ; 

Neither  shall  they  remember  it ;  neither  shall  they  visit  it ; 

Neither  shall  *that  be  done  any  more. 
^■^  At  that  time  they  shall  call  Jerusalem  the  throne  of  the  Lord  ; 

And  all  the  nations  shall  be  gathered  unto  it, 

To  'the  name  of  the  Lord,  to  Jerusalem : 

Neither  shall  they  walk  any  more 

After  the  fimagiiiation  of  their  evil  heart. 

'^  In  those  days  the  house  of  Judah   shall  walk  Iwith   the  house 
of  Israel, 

And  they  shall  come  together  out  of  the  land  of  the  north 

To  the  land  that  I  have  *given  for  an  inheritance  unto  your  fathers. 
^^  But  I  said.  How  shall  I  put  thee  among  the  children, 

And  give  thee  -'a  tpleasant  land, 

A  tgoodly  heritage  of  the  hosts  of  nations  ? 

And  I  said.  Thou  shalt  call  me,  My  father  ; 

And  shalt  not  turn  away  *from  me. 
'^^  Surely  as  a  wife  treacherously  departeth  from  her  thusband, 

So  have  ye  dealt  treacherously  with  me, 

O  house  of  Israel  !  saith  the  Lord  ! 

^^  A  voice  was  heard  upon  the  high  places, 

Weeping  and  supplications  of  the  children  of  Israel ; 

For  they  have  perverted  their  way. 

And  they  have  forgotten  the  Lord  their  God. 
^^  Return,  ye  backsliding  children. 

And  I  will  heal  your  backslidings. 
Behold,  we  come  unto  thee  ; 

For  thou  art  the  Lord  our  God. 
^^  Truly  in  vain  is  salvation  hoped  for  from  the  hills, 

And  from  the  multitude  of  mountains  : 

Truly  *in  the  Lord  our  God  is  the  salvation  of  Israel. 
-^  For  shame  hath  devoured  the  labor  of  our  fathers  from  our  youth  ; 

Their  flocks  and  their  herds,  their  sons  and  their  daughters. 
^^  We  lie  down  in  our  shame. 

And  our  confusion  covereth  us: 

For  we  have  sinned  against  the  Lord  our  God, 

We  and  our  fathers,  from  our  youth  even  unto  this  day, 

And  have  not  obeyed  the  voice  of  the  Lord  our  God. 


JEREMIAH  PROPHETICALLY  DESCRIBES  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


853 


SECT.  VII.      Section    VIL- 


A.  M.  3393 
B. C.  612. 


a  Be.  10.  20.  Is. 
45.  23. 

b  Ge.  22.  18.  Ps. 
72.  17.  Gal.  3.  8. 
c  Is.  45.  25.  1  Co. 


d  Mat.  13.  7,  22. 

e  De.  10.  16.  Col, 
2.  11.  Ro.  2.  28, 


Wcmiah  describes,  in  prophetic  Anticipation,  the  Sorroivs 

of  the  approaching  Captivity. 

Jeremiah  iv.,  v.,  and  vi. 

nr^A  calleth  Israel  bv  Ms  promise.     3  He  exhortetli  Judah  to  reperdavce  by  fearful  judgwents.     \0  A 
Crod  caHei/i  Jsraei  02/ /i?s  P' c""  —Chap.  v.  1  The  fudirments  of  God  upon  the 

grievous  lamentation  Jorthe  ^^^e.usj  Judak      ^nap.  v  ;     .^          ^y^ .^  ^J 

^:etlief:::fti:ain7t  MaJr     4  .,L,-a^.  ..W./.«.     •J.^.^l^'^^tf  ^r.^'^^ 

/7,«V  <!ins      9  r/ie  r);-OH/i/'<   amenleth  the  judgments  of  God  because  oj  then  sms.     lo  ne  yiu 

IZnl  God's  ZIth.  ^6  He  calleth  the  people  to  mourn  for  the  Judgment  on  their  sins. 

1  If  thou  wilt  return,  O  Israel, 
Saith  the  Lord,  return  unto  me  :  c  ■  ut 

And  if  thou  wilt  put  away  thine  abominations  out  ot  my  sight, 
Then  shalt  thou  not  remove. 
2  And  "thou  shalt  swear,  The  Lord  liveth. 
In  truth,  in  judgment,  and  in  righteousness  ; 
And  Hhe  nations  shall  bless  themselves  in  him, 
And  in  him  shall  they  'glory. 
^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord 
To  the  men  of  Judah  and  Jerusalem, 
Break  up  your  fallow  ground, 
And  ''sow  not  among  thorns. 
4  Circumcise  'yourselves  to  the  Lord, 
And  take  away  the  foreskins  of  your  heart, 
Ye  men  of  Judah  and  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  ; 
Lest  my  fury  come  forth  like  fire. 
And  burn  that  none  can  quench  it, 
Because  of  the  evil  of  your  doings. 

5  Declare  ye  in  Judah, 
And  publish  in  Jerusalem  ;  and  say, 
Blow  ye  the  trumpet  in  the  land : 

Cry,  ''gather  together,  and  say. 

Assemble  yourselves,  and  let  us  go  into  the  defenced  cities. 

Set  up  the  standard  toward  Zion : 

*Retire — stay  not  : 

For  I  will  bring  evil  from  the  north, 

And  a  great  tdestruction. 

The  -^Lion  is  come  up  from  his  thicket. 

And  the  Destroyer  of  the  Gentiles  is  on  his  way  ; 

He  is  gone  forth  from  his  place  to  make  thy  land  desolate  ; 

And  thy  cities  shall  be  laid  waste,  without  an  inhabitant. 

For  this  gird  you  with  sackcloth— lament  and  howl : 

For  the  fierce  anger  of  the  Lord  is  not  turned  back  from  us. 

And  it  shall  come  to  pass  at  that  day,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  the  heart  of  the  king  shall  perish,  and  the  heart  of  the  princes  ; 

And  the  priests  shall  be  astonished,  and  the  prophets  shall  wonder. 

10  Then  said  I,  Ah,  Lord  God  ! 
Surely  ^thou  hast  greatly  deceived  this  people  and  Jerusalem,  saying, 
Ye  shall  have  peace  ; 

Whereas  the  sword  reacheth  unto  the  soul. 

11  At  that  time  shall  it  be  said  to  this  people  and  to  Jerusalem, 
A  dry  wind  of  the  high  places  in  the  wilderness 

Toward  the  daughter  of  my  people,  not  to  fan,  nor  to  cleanse, 
iOr,afaiierwind  y^  g^^^  j^  ^j^^lj  ^^-^^^^  f,.Q,^  tjjose  placcs  shall  comc  unto  me  : 
No^v  also  will  I  *give  sentence  against  them. 
13  Behold,  he  shall  come  up  as  clouds. 

And  his  chariots  shall  be  as  a  whirlwind  : 
His  horses  are  swifter  than  eagles. 
Woe  unto  us  !  for  we  are  spoiled. 

3t 

VOL.    I. 


a  Or,  Cry,  gath- 
ered together, 
i.  e.  with  united 
voices. — Ed. 

*  Or.   Strenirthen. 


f  Heb.  breaking. 


/2  Ki.  24.  1.  Da 
7.4. 


ff  Ex.  14.  9. 
2  Thes.  2.  11 


than 
*  Ueh.uttr.rjudi 
ments. 


S54  JEREMIAH  PROPHETICALLY  DESCRIBES  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VI. 


h  U.  1.  16.  Ja.  4. 


i  Here  the  proph- 
et begins  to 
speak  in  his  own 
person  — Kd. 
Is.  15.  5.  &  16. 
ll.&;21.3.&. 
*2.  4.  See  Lu. 
19.  42. 

t  Ileb.  the  walls 
of  my  heart. 


a  The  prophet 
still  speilvins; 
himself,  thcmgli, 
as  often,  as  if 
personating  tlie 
Utity.     Or,  it 
may  be,  ih  it  v. 
21  is  his  ques- 
tion to  the 
Deity;  v.  25,  the 
answer ;  and  v. 
2:5-20,  the  awful 
accompanying 
vision.     This 
makes  it  exceed- 
ingly graphic. — 
Kd. 

jRo.  16.  19. 

k  See  Ge.  1.  2. 


X  Heb.  thine  eyes 


^^  O  Jerusalem,  ''wash  tliy  heart  from  wickedness, 

That  thou  mayest  be  saved  ! 

How  long  shall  thy  vain  thoughts  lodge  within  thee? 
^^  For  a  voice  declareth  from  Dan, 

And  publisheth  affliction  from  Mount  Ephraim. 
^^  Make  ye  mention  to  the  nations  ;  behold  ! 

Publish  against  Jerusalem, 

That  watchers  come  from  a  far  country, 

And  give  out  their  voice  against  the  cities  of  Judah. 
^'  As  keepers  of  a  field,  are  they  against  her  round  about ; 

Because  she  hath  been  rebellious  against  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  Thy  way  and  thy  doings  have  procured  these  things  unto  thee  ; 

This  is  thy  wickedness,  because  it  is  bitter, 

Because  it  reacheth  unto  thy  heart. 

1^  My  'bowels,  my  bowels  !  I  am  pained  at  tmy  very  heart ; 

My  heart  maketh  a  noise  in  me  ;  I  cannot  hold  my  peace, 

Because  thou  hast  heard,  O  my  soul, 

The  sound  of  the  trumpet,  the  alarm  of  war  ! 
^^  Destruction  upon  destruction  is  cried  ; 

For  the  whole  land  is  spoiled  : 

Suddenly  are  my  tents  spoiled, 

And  my  curtains  in  a  moment. 
2^  How  long  shall  I  see  the  standard. 

And  hear  the  sound  of  the  trumpet  ? 
22  Yor  ''my  people  is  foolish, 

They  have  not  known  me  ; 

They  are  sottish  children. 

And  they  have  none  understanding: 

They  ^are  wise  to  do  evil, 

But  to  do  good  they  have  no  knowledge. 

'^^  I  beheld  the  earth — and,  lo,  it  was  ^without  form  and  void 

And  the  heavens — and  they  had  no  light  ! 
^^  I  beheld  the  mountains — and,  lo,  they  trembled  ! 

And  all  the  hills  moved  lightly  ! 
^^  I  beheld — and,  lo,  there  was  no  man  ! 

And  all  tiie  birds  of  the  heavens  were  fled. 
^^  I  beheld — and,  lo,  the  fruitful  place  was  a  wilderness  ! 

And  all  the  cities  thereof  were  broken  down 

At  the  presence  of  the  Lord, 

And  by  his  fierce  anger. 

-'  For  thus  hath  the  Lord  said. 

The  whole  land  shall  be  desolate  ; 

Yet  will  I  not  make  a  full  end. 
^®  For  this  shall  the  earth  mourn, 

And  the  heavens  above  be  black  : 

Because  I  have  spoken  it,  I  have  purposed  it. 

And  'will  not  repent,  neither  will  I  turn  back  from  it. 
23  The  wliole  city  shall  flee 

For  the  noise  of  the  horsemen  and  bowmen  ; 

They  shall  go  into  thickets, 

And  climb  up  upon  the  rocks : 

Every  city  shall  be  forsaken, 

And  not  a  man  dwell  therein. 
3'^  And  when  tiiou  art  spoiled,  what  wilt  thou  do  ? 

Though  thou  clothest  thyself  with  crimson, 

Though  thou  deckest  thee  with  ornaments  of  gold, 

Though  thou  rendest  tthy  face  with  painting, 


Part  XVI.] 


nt  See  Ge.  18.  26. 


t  Heb.  strong. 


0  De.  32.  21.  Ga 
4.8. 
p  De.  32.  15. 


q  2  Ch.  36.  16. 
r  Is.  28.  15. 


JEREMIAH  PROPHETICALLY  DESCRIBES  THE  CAPTIVITY.    855 

In  vain  shalt  tliou  make  thyself  fair  ; 

Thy  lovers  will  despise  thee,  they  will  seek  thy  life. 

=^1  For  I  have  heard  a  voice  as  of  a  woman  in  travail, 
And  the  anguish  as  of  her  that  bringeth  forth  her  first  child, 
The  voice  of  the  Daughter  of  Zion, 
That  bewaileth  herself,  that  spreadeth  her  hands, 
Saying,  Woe  is  me  now  ! 
For  my  soul  is  wearied  because  of  murderers  ! 

1  Run  ye  to  and  fro  through  the  streets  of  Jerusalem,    Jeremiah  v. 
And  see  now,  and  know,  and  seek  in  the  broad  places  thereof, 
If  '"ye  can  find  a  man, 
If  there  be  any  that  executeth  judgment. 
That  seeketh  the  truth  ;  and  I  will  pardon  it. 

2  And  "though  they  say,  "  The  Lord  liveth  !  " 
Surely  thev  swear  falsely. 

3  O  Lord,  are  not  thine  eyes  upon  the  truth  ? 

Thou  hast  stricken  them— but  they  iiave  not  grieved  ; 
Thou  hast  consumed  them—but  they  have  refused  to   receive  cor- 
They  have  made  their  faces  harder  than  a  rock  ;  [rection : 

They  have  refused  to  return. 
^  Therefore  I  said, 
'■  Surely  these  are  poor  ;  they  are  foolish  : 
For  they  know  not  the  way  of  the  Lord, 
Nor  the  judgment  of  their  God. 
5  I  will  get  me  unto  the  great  men. 
And  will  speak  unto  them  ; 
For  they  have  known  the  way  of  the  Lord, 

And  the  judgment  of  their  God:  ,     u      j    » 

But  these  have  altogether  broken  the  yoke,  and  burst  the  bonds. 

6  Wherefore  a  lion  out  of  the  forest  shall  slay  them, 
And  a  wolf  of  the  *evenings  shall  spoil  them, 
A  leopard  shall  watch  over  their  cities : 
Every  one  that  goeth  out  thence  shall  be  torn  in  pieces  : 
Because  their  transgressions  are  many, 
And  their  backslidings  are  tincreased. 
■^  How  shall  I  pardon  thee  for  this  ? 
Thy  children  have  forsaken  me, 
And  sworn  by  them  "that  are  no  gods  : 

When  '1  had  fed  them  to  the  full,  they  then  committed  adultery, 
And  assembled  themselves  by  troops  in  the  harlots'  houses. 

8  They  were  as  fed  horses  in  the  morning : 
Every  one  neiglied  after  his  neighbour's  wife. 

9  Shall  I  not  visit  for  these  things  ?  saith  the  Lord  : 

And  shall  not  my  soul  be  avenged  on  such  a  nation  as  this  ? 

1"  Go  ye  up  upon  her  walls,  and  destroy  ; 
But  make  not  a  full  end : 
Take  away  her  battlements ; 
For  they  are  not  the  Lord's. 
^1  For  the  house  of  Israel  and  the  house  of  Judah 

Have  dealt  very  treacherously  against  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
^2  They  'have  belied  the  Lord, 
And  said,  "  It  is  'not  He  ; 
Neither  shall  evil  come  upon  us  ; 
Neither  shall  we  see  sword  nor  famine  : 
13  And  the  prophets  shall  become  wind, 
And  the  word  is  not  in  them  : 
Thus  shall  it  be  done  unto  them." 


856  JEREMIAH  PROPHETICALLY  DESCRIBES  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VI. 

^^  Wherefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts, 
Because  ye  speak  this  word. 
Behold,  I  will  make  my  words  in  thy  mouth  fire, 
And  this  people  wood,  and  it  shall  devour  them. 
*5°26.^'  '*^'  ^''    ^^  Lo  !  I  will  brins  'a  nation  upon  you  from  far, 

0  house  of  Israel !  saith  the  Lord  : 

It  is  a  mighty  nation,  it  is  an  ancient  nation, 
A  nation  whose  language  thou  knowest  not, 
Neither  understandest  what  they  say. 
^^  Their  quiver  is  as  an  open  sepulchre. 
They  are  all  mighty  men. 
'^^■3u':m!' ^*'    ^^  And  they  shall  eat  up  'thy  harvest,  and  thy  bread, 
Which  thy  sons  and  thy  daughters  should  eat : 
They  shall  eat  up  thy  flocks  and  tiiy  herds : 
They  shall  eat  up  thy  vines  and  thy  fig  trees : 
They  shall  impoverish  thy  fenced  cities, 
Wherein  thou  trustedst,  with  the  sword. 
^^  Nevertheless  in  those  days,  saith  the  Lord, 

1  will  not  make  a  full  end  with  you. 
'■'  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  ye  shall  say, 

Wherefore  "doeth  tlie  Lord  our  God  all  these  things  unto  us  ? 

Then  shalt  thou  answer  them, 

Like  as  ye  have  forsaken  me, 

And  served  strange  gods  in  your  land? 
rDo.  28. 48.  g^  "gi^j^jj  yg  gcrvc  straugors  in  a  land  that  is  not  yours. 

-"  Declare  this  in  the  house  of  Jacob, 

And  publish  it  in  Judah,  saying, — 
^J^-^-^:^^;}--  ^^  Hear  now  this.  "O  foolish  nponlp    and  without  tiindfirstandincr  I 


,3  ^^     ^^  Hear  now  this,  "O  foolish  people,  and  without  tunderstanding 

40."      '  " 

28.  26.  Ro 


Jo.  12. 40.  Ac.         Which  have  eyes — and  see  not ' 


Which  have  ears — and  hear  not ! 
l_Heb.Ae«r,.Ho.  22  Yq^t  ^yc  uot  mc  ?   saith  thc  LoRD  : 
iRe.  15.  4.  Will  ye  not  tremble  at  my  presence. 

^8?%",^%^          Which  have  placed  the  sand  for  the  ='bound  of  the  sea 
104. 9.' Pr. 8. 29.       By  a  perpetual  decree,  that  it  cannot  pass  it: 

And  though  the  waves  thereof  toss   themselves,  yet  can  they  not 
Though  they  roar,  yet  can  they  not  pass  over  it  ?  [prevail ; 

2^  But  this  people  hath  a  revolting  and  a  rebellious  heart ; 

They  are  revolted  and  gone. 
2^  Neither  say  they  in  their  heart. 
Let  us  now  fear  the  Lord  our  God, 
'5.45.a'c. i4. n!       "That  giveth  rain,  both  tiie  "former  and  the  latter,  in  his  season: 
aDe^^n.  li.  Joe]       He  ''rcscrveth  unto  us  the  appointed  weeks  of  the  harvest. 
jGe.8. 22.  ^^  Your  iniquities  have  turned  away  these  things. 

And  your  sins  have  withholden  good  things  from  you. 
-*'  For  among  my  people  are  found  wicked  men  ; 
*&JJ'iUuZu.       *They  lay  wait,  as  he  that  setteth  snares ; 
They  set  a  trap,  tjiey  catch  men. 

t  Or.  coop.  27  ^g  ^  ^^^^^^^   jg  ^^jjj  ^^.   j^.^j^^ 

So  are  their  iiouses  full  of  deceit : 
Therefore  they  are  become  great,  and  waxen  rich, 
c  De.  33. 15.        28  They  are  waxen  ^f\it,  they  shine  ; 


dU. 
10. 


Yea,  they  overpass  the  deeds  of  the  wicked 
They  judge  not  ''the  cause, 


e  See  Job  10. 6.  The  causc  of  the  falherless,  'yet  they  prosper; 

And  the  right  of  the  needy  do  they  not  judge. 
23  Shall  I  not  visit  for  these  things?   saith  Mie  Lord  : 
Siudl  not  my  soul  be  avcnaed  on  such  a  nation  as  this? 


JEREMAH  PROPHETICALLY  DESCRIBES  THE  CAPTIVITY.    857 


J  Or,  pour  out 
the  engine  of 
shot. 


*  Heb.  be  loosed, 
or,  disjointed. 


g  De.  28. 


^^  tA  wonderful  and  horrible  thing  is  committed  in  the  land ; 
31  The  prophets  prophesy  falsely, 

And  the  priests  *bear  rule  by  their  means ; 
And  my  people  love  to  have  it  so — 
And  what  will  ye  do  in  the  end  thereof? 

1  O  ye  children  of  Benjamin,  gather  yourselves  Jeremiah  vi. 

To  flee  out  of  the  midst  of  Jerusalem, 
And  blow  the  trumpet  in  Tekoa, 
And  set  up  a  sign  of  fire  in  Beth-haccerem : 
For  evil  appeareth  out  of  the  north, 
And  great  destruction. 

2  I  have  likened  the  daughter  of  Zion 
To  a  tcomely  and  delicate  woman. 

3  The  shepherds  with  their  flocks  shall  come  unto  her ; 
They  shall  pitch  their  tents  against  her  round  about ; 
They  shall  feed  every  one  in  his  place. 

'^  Prepare  ye  war  against  her ; 

Arise — and  let  us  go  up  at  noon. 

Woe  unto  us !  for  the  day  goeth  away, 

For  the  shadows  of  the  evening  are  stretched  out. 
^  Arise,  and  let  us  go  by  night. 

And  let  us  destroy  her  palaces. 

6  For  thus  hath  the  Lord  of  hosts  said, 
Hew  ye  down  trees, 
And  least  a  mount  against  Jerusalem : 
This  is  the  city  to  be  visited  ; 
She  is  wholly  oppression  in  the  midst  of  her. 
■^  As  a  fountain  casteth  out  her  waters. 
So  she  casteth  out  her  wickedness  : 
Violence  and  spoil  is  heard  in  her ; 
Before  me  continually  is  grief  and  wounds. 

s  Be  thou  instructed,  O  Jerusalem ! 
Lest  my  soul  *depart  from  thee  ; 
Lest  I  make  thee  desolate — a  land  not  inhabited. 

9  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
They  shall  thoroughly  glean  the  remnant  of  Israel  as  a  vine : 
Turn  back  thy  hand  as  a  grapegatherer  into  the  baskets. 
^^  To  whom  shall  I  speak. 

And  give  warning,  that  they  may  hear  ? 

Behold,  their  -^ear  is  uncircumcised, 

And  they  cannot  hearken  : 

Behold,  the  word  of  the  Lord  is  unto  them  a  reproach ; 

They  have  no  delight  in  it. 

ii'Therefore  I  am  full  of  the  fury  of  the  Lord  ; 
I  am  weary  with  holding  in. 
I  will  pour  it  out  upon  the  children  abroad, 
And  upon  the  assembly  of  young  men  together ; 
For  even  the  husband  with  the  wife  shall  be  taken, 
The  aged  with  him  that  is  full  of  days. 
12  And  ^their  houses  shall  be  turned  unto  others, 
With  their  fields  and  wives  together  ; 
For  I  will  stretch  out  my  hand 
Upon  the  inhabitants  of  the  land,  saith  the  Lord. 

13  For  from  the  least  of  them  even  unto  the  greatest  of  them 
Every  one  is  given  to  covetousness ; 
And  from  the  prophet  even  unto  the  priest 
Every  one  dealeth  falsely. 

108  3t* 


858  JEREMIAH  PROPHETICALLY  DESCRIBES  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Pkriod  VL 


t  Heb.  bruise,  or, 
breach. 


h  la.  8.  20.  Mai. 
4.  4.  Lu.  16.  29. 


I  Ps.  40.  6.  Is.  1. 
U.  Am.  5.  21. 
Mic.  6.  6,  &c. 


a  The  prophet 
represontini; 
what  the  poople 
will  say  ami  feel 
when  the  judg- 
mentadrawnigh. 
V.  26,  hU  con- 
iicquent  address. 
V.  27,  he  quotes 
from  the  address 
of  God  to  him- 
self, IIS  his  cre- 
dentials for  his 
own  call  to  his 
countrymen. — 


^*  They  have  healed  also  the  thurt  of  the  daughter  of  my  people  slightly^ 

Saying,  "  Peace,  peace," 

When  there  is  no  peace. 
15  "Were  they  ashamed  when  they  had  committed  abomination  ? 

Nay,  they  were  not  at  all  ashamed, 

Neither  could  they  blush  : 

Therefore  they  shall  fall  among  them  that  fall : 

At  the  time  that  I  visit  them  they  shall  be  cast  down,  saith  the  Lord. 
^'^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

Stand  ye  in  the  ways,  and  see, 

And  ask  for  the  ''old  paths, 

Where  is  the  good  ^yay,  and  walk  therein, 

And  ye  shall  find  'rest  for  your  souls. 

But  they  said,  "  We  will  not  walk  therein." 
^''  Also  I  set  ^Watchmen  over  you,  saying, 

"  Hearken  to  the  sound  of  the  trumpet." 
But  they  said,  "  We  will  not  hearken." 
^^  Therefore  hear,  ye  nations  !  and  know,  O  congregation  ! 

What  is  among  them. 
19  Hear,  O  earth  ! 

Behold,  I  will  bring  evil  upon  this  people, 

Even  Hhe  fruit  of  their  thoughts. 

Because  they  have  not  hearkened  unto  my  words, 

Nor  to  my  law,  but  rejected  it. 
^^  To  'what  purpose  cometh  there  to  me  incense  from  Sheba, 

And  the  sweet  cane  from  a  far  country  ? 

Your  burnt  offerings  are  not  acceptable, 

Nor  your  sacrifices  sweet  unto  me. 
^'  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord, 

Behold,  I  will  lay  stumbling-blocks  before  this  people. 

And  the  fathers  and  the  sons  together  shall  fall  upon  them ; 

The  neighbour  and  his  friend  shall  perish. 
^-  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 

Behold,  a  people  cometh  from  the  north  country. 

And  a  great  nation  shall  be  raised  from  the  sides  of  the  earth. 
^^  They  shall  lay  hold  on  bow  and  spear ; 

They  are  cruel,  and  have  no  mercy  ; 

Their  voice  roareth  like  the  sea  ; 

And  they  ride  upon  horses. 

Set  in  array  as  men  for  war 

Against  thee,  O  daughter  of  Zion  I 
24a^g  have  heard  the  fame  thereof: 

Our  hands  wa.\  feeble  : 

Anguish  hath  taken  hold  of  us, 

And  pain,  as  of  a  woman  in  travail. 
^^  Go  not  forth  into  the  field,  nor  walk  by  the  way ; 

For  the  sword  of  the  enemy  and  fear  is  on  every  side, 
^^  O  daugliter  of  my  people,  gird  thee  with  sackcloth, 

And  wallow  thyself  in  ashes  : 

Make  thee  mourning — as  for  an  only  son, 

Most  bitter  lamentation  : 

For  the  spoiler  shall  suddenly  come  upon  us. 
2'  I  have  set  thee  for  a  tower  and  a  fortress  among  my  people, 

That  thou  maytjst  know  and  try  their  way. 
^®  They  are  all  grievous  revolters,  walking  with  slanders : 

They  are  brass  and  iron  ;  they  are  all  corrupters. 
^9  The  bellows  are  burned, 


Part  XVL]        HABAKKUK  PREDICTS  THE  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  JEWS.       859 

The  lead  is  consumed  of  the  fire  ; 
The  founder  meheth  in  vain : 
For  the  wicked  are  not  plucked  away. 
3"  ^Reprobate  silver  shall  men  call  them, 
Because  the  Lord  hath  rejected  them. 


I  Or,  Refuse. 


Ps.  94.  3,  &c. 
*  Or,  wrested. 
a  The  Lord's 

answer. — FA. 
b  Is.  29.  14.  Ac. 

13.  41. 


t  Fulfilled,  2  Ch. 
36.  6. 
J  Heb.  breadths. 


*  Or,  From  them 
shall  proceed  the 
judgment  of 
these,  and  the 
captivity  of 
these. 

f  Heb.  sharp. 


Section  VIII. — Habakkuk  predicts  the  Punishment  of  the  People  for  their 
Backsliding. 

THE  BOOK  OF  THE  PROPHET  HABAKKUK.W 

Unto  Habakkuk,  complaining  of  the  iniquity  of  the  land,  5  is  showed  the  fearful  vengeance  by  the 
Chaldeans.  12  He  complaineth  tluit  veiigeance  should  be  executed  by  them  who  are  far  worse^ 
Chap.  ii.  1  Unto  Habakkuk,  waiting  for  an  answer,  is  showed  that  he  must  loait  by  faith.  5  The 
■jud<rment  upon  the  Chaldean  for  unsatiableness,  9for  coretousness,  12  for  cruelty,  \b  for  drunk- 
enness, 18  and  for  idolatry.  — ChAp.  iii.  1  Habakkuk  in  his  prayer  trembleth  at  God's  majesty. 
17  Tli£  confidence  of  his  faith. 

^  The  Burden  which  Habakkuk  the  Prophet  did  see. 
2  O  Lord,  how  long  shall  I  cry,  and  thou  wilt  not  hear ! 

Even  cry  out  unto  thee  of  violence,  and  thou  wilt  not  save! 
3  Why  dost  thou  show  me  iniquity,  and  cause  me  to  behold  grievance  ? 

For  spoiling  and  violence  are  before  me  ; 

And  there  are  that  raise  up  strife  and  contention. 
^  Therefore  the  law  is  slacked. 

And  judgment  doth  never  go  forth  : 

For  the  "wicked  doth  compass  about  the  righteous ; 

Therefore  *wrong  judgment  proceedeth. 

^  ^Behold  'ye  among  the  heathen,  and  regard, 

And  wonder  marvellously  ; 

For  I  will  work  a  work  in  your  days. 

Which  ye  will  not  believe,  though  it  be  told  you. 
^  For,  lo !  tl  raise  up  the  Chaldeans,  (that  bitter  and  hasty  nation,) 

Which  shall  march  through  the  tbreadth  of  the  land. 

To  possess  the  dwelling-places  that  are  not  theirs. 
^  They  are  terrible  and  dreadful  : 

'Their  judgment  and  their  dignity  shall  proceed  of  themselves. 
^  Their  horses  also  are  swifter  than  the  leopards, 

And  are  more  tfierce  than  the  evening  wolves  : 

And  their  horsemen  shall  spread  themselves. 

And  their  horsemen  shall  come  from  far ; 

They  shall  fly  as  the  eagle  that  hasteth  to  eat. 


(S")  As  the  prophet  Habakkuk  makes  no  mention 
of  the  Assyrians,  and  speaks  of  the  Chaldean  in- 
vasion as  near  at  hand.  (chap.  i.  5,  ii.  3,  iii.  2,  xvi. 
19.)  he  probably  lived  after  the  destruction  of  the 
Assyrian  army  in  the  fall  of  Nineveh.  Habakkuk, 
therefore,  was  nearly  contemporary  vFith,  and  pre- 
dicted the  same  events  as,  Jeremiah.  Many  sup- 
pose that  Jeremiah  and  Habakkuk  remained  amidst 
the  sad  scenes  of  their  desolate  and  deserted  land, 
rather  than  follow  their  countrymen  into  captivity. 
In  the  first  chapter  the  prophet  e.xpostulates  with 
God  on  account  of  the  wickedness  and  violence  of 
the  Jews — and  the  Almighty  is  then  represented  as 
declaring  he  would  work  an  incredible  work  in 
their  days,  ver.  5  ;  and  that  he  would  raise  up  the 
Chaldeans,  who  should  march  through  the  breadth 
of  the  land,  and  possess  their  dwelling  places,  ver. 
6 ;  and  describes  their  victories,  fierceness,  and 
rapidity  ;  foreshowing  the  punishment  and  pride  of 
the  victors,  their  false  confidence  in  their  gods,  and 
in  ver.  11,  the  change  and  insanity  of  Nebuchad- 
nezzar— he  ends  by  pleading  the  cause  of  his  coun- 
trymen, as  more  righteous  than  those  God  had  es- 
tablished for  their  correction,  ver.  13.  In  chap.  ii. 
is  revealed  to  him  in  the  vision,  that  the  general 
expectation  of  those  who   lived    by    faith    should 


surely  come  ;  though  it  must  tarry  the  "  appointed 
time."  He  then  foretells  the  destruction  of  Baby- 
lon, which  had  "  spoiled  many  nations  ;  "  and  of 
those  evil  kings  who  gathered  unto  themselves  all 
people,  who  should  then  find  that  their  gods  of 
wood,  and  of  stone,  had  '•  no  breath  at  all  in  the 
midst  of  them,"  ver.  19,  and  that  "  the  Lord  only  is 
to  be  feared  in  his  holy  temple."  The  Talmudists 
apply  this  prophecy,  ver.  3,  4,  to  the  advent  of  the 
Messiah.  The  temporal  deliverance  of  the  Jews 
from  their  captivity,  predicted  in  this  chapter,  may 
be  considered  as  a  type  of  their  spiritual  deliverance 
and  restoration.  Habakkuk  concludes  his  prophe- 
cies with  a  beautiful  pra3'er,  or  hymn  ;  which  the 
ancient  fathers  considered  as  allusive  to  the  Mes- 
siah :  it  finishes  with  a  declaration  of  the  prophet's 
entire  confidence  in  God,  which  no  change  of  cir- 
cumstances could  affect.  It  is  supposed  from  the 
last  verse,  and  from  the  word  Seluh  being  men- 
tioned three  times,  that  this  prayer  was  set  to 
music,  and  performed  in  the  service  of  the  temple. 
Habakkuk  is  cited  as  an  inspired  person  by  the 
evano-ellcal  writers.  Compare  Habak.  ii.  4,  with 
Heb.'x.  37,  38  Rom.  i.  17.  Gal.  iii.  11,  and  Acts 
xiii.  41,  with  Hab.  i.  5.— Gray 'a  Key,  in  loc.  ; 
Wells;  Patrick. 


860  HABAia<:UK  PREDICTS  THE  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VI. 


J  Or,  Tlu  supping 
up  of  their  faces, 
4i-c.  or,  Their 

faces  shall  louk 
toward  the  east. 
Heb.  the  opposi- 
tion of  their  faces 
toward  the  cast. 


c  Da.  5.  4. 

b  The  prophet  ex- 
postulates.— Ed. 
Ps.  90.  a.  &  93. 
2.  La.  5.  19. 


<i2Ki.  19.25.  Ps. 
17.  i:i.  Is.  10.  5- 
7.  Ez.  30.  25. 

*  Heb.  rock,  De. 
3i.  4. 

t  Heb.  founded. 

J  Or,  grievance. 


'  Or,  moving. 


tOt,  flue  rut. 


^  They  shall  come  all  for  violence  : 

tTheir  faces  shall  sup  up  as  the  east  wind, 

And  they  shall  gather  the  captivity  as  the  sand. 
^°  And  they  shall  scoft'  at  the  kings, 

And  the  princes  shall  be  a  scorn  unto  them : 

They  shall  deride  every  stronghold  ; 

For  they  shall  heap  dust,  and  take  it. 
^^  Then  shall  his  mind  change, 

And  he  shall  pass  over,  and  oftend. 

Imputing  'this  his  power  unto  his  god. 

^-  ''Art   thou  not  from  everlasting,  O  Lord   my  God,  my   Holy 
One? 

We  shall  not  die. 

O  Lord,  ''thou  hast  ordained  them  for  judgment; 

And,  O  *mighty  God  !  thou  hast  testablished  them  for  correction. 
^^  Thou  art  of  purer  eyes  than  to  behold  evil, 

And  canst  not  look  on  tiniquity  : 

Wherefore  lookest  thou  upon  them  that  deal  treacherously, 

And  holdest  thy  tongue 

When  the  wicked  devoureth  the  man  that  is  more  righteous  than  he  ? 
^^  And  makest  men  as  the  fishes  of  the  sea, 

As  the  *creeping  things  that  have  no  ruler  over  them  ? 
^^  They  take  up  all  of  them  with  the  angle. 

They  catch  them  in  their  net, 

And  gather  them  in  their  tdrag : 

Therefore  they  rejoice  and  are  glad. 
^^  Therefore  they  sacrifice  unto  their  net. 


J  Or,  dainty.  Heb. 
fat. 


*  Heb.  fmced 
place. 

t  Or,  in  mc. 

J  Or,  when  lam 
argued  with. 
Heb.  upon  my 
reproof,  or  argu- 
ing. 


/Heb.  10.  37. 


g  Jo.  3.  36.  Ro. 

1.  17.  Gal.  3.  11. 

He.  10.  38. 
*  Or,  IIou)  much 

more. 
h  Pr.  27.  20.  & 

30.  16. 


t  Or,  .tfo,  Ae.' 


Because  by  them  their  portion  is  fat, 

And  their  meat  tplenteous. 
^'  Shall  they  therefore  empty  their  net. 

And  not  spare  continually  to  slay  the  nations  ? 
*  I  will  stand  upon  my  watch,  Habakkuk  ii. 

And  set  me  upon  the  *  tower. 

And  will  watch  to  see  what  he  will  say  tunto  me, 

And  what  I  shall  answer  twhen  I  am  reproved. 
-  And  the  Lord  answered  me,  and  said, 

Write  the  vision,  and  make   it  plain  upon  tables,  that   he  may  run 
that  readeth  it. 
^  For  "the  vision  is  yet  for  an  appointed  time. 

But  at  the  end  it  shall  speak,  and  not  lie : 

Though  it  tarry — wait  for  it ; 

Because  it  will  ^surely  come,  it  will  not  tarry. 

"*  Behold,  his  soul  which  is  lifted  up  is  not  upright  in  him  ; 

But  «'the  just  shall  live  by  his  faith. 
^  *Yea  also,  because  he  tran.sgresseth  by  wine. 

He  is  a  proud  man,  neither  keepeth  at  home. 

Who  enlargeth  his  desire  ''as  hell. 

And  is  as  death — and  cannot  be  satisfied. 

But  gathereth  unto  him  all  nations. 

And  heapeth  unto  him  all  people  : 
^  Shall  not  all  these  take  up  a  parable  against  him, 

And  a  taunting  proverb  against  him,  and  say, 

f  Woe  to  him  that  increaseth  that  which  is  not  his  ! 

How  long  ? 

And  to  him  that  ladeth  himself  with  thick  clay  ! 
'  Shall  they  not  rise  up  suddenly  that  shall  bite  thee. 


t  Heb.  bloods. 
Ge.  6.  11. 


*  Or,  gaineth  an 
evil  gain. 


t  Heb.  palm  of 
the  hand. 


%  Or,  piece,  or, 

*  Or,  witness 
against  it. 

+  Heb.  blonds.  Je. 

22.  13.  Ez.  24. 

9.  Mic  3.  10. 

Nuh.  3.  1. 
t  Je.  51.  58. 
J  Or,  ill  vain. 

*  Or,  By  knowing 
the  glory  of  the 
LORD. 

11.9. 


jl 


Jt  Ge.  9.  22. 

f  Or,  more  with 
shame  than  with 
glory. 


Part  XVI.]         HABAKKUK  PREDICTS  THE  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  JEWS.       861 

And  awake  that  shall  vex  thee, 
And  thou  shalt  be  for  booties  unto  them  ? 
8  Because  thou  hast  spoiled  many  nations, 
All  the  remnant  of  the  people  shall  spoil  thee ; 
Because  of  men's  tblood,  and  for  the  violence 
Of  the  land,  of  the  city,  and  of  all  that  dwell  therem. 

9  Woe  to  him  that  *coveteth  an  evil  covetousness  to  his  house, 
That  he  may  set  his  nest  on  high. 
That  he  may  be  delivered  from  the  t power  of  evil ! 

10  Thou  hast  consulted  shame  to  thy  house  by  cutting  off  many  people, 
And  hast  sinned  against  thy  soul. 

11  For  the  stone  shall  cry  out  of  the  wall, 
And  the  tbeam  out  of  the  timber  shall  *answer  it. 

12  Woe  to  him  that  buildeth  a  town  with  tblood, 
And  establisheth  a  city  by  iniquity ! 

13  Behold,  is  it  not  of  the  Lord  of  hosts 
That  Hhe  people  shall  labor  in  the  very  fire. 
And  the  people  shall  weary  themselves  tfor  very  vanity  ? 

14  For  the  earth  shall  be  filled 
*With  the  knowledge  of  the  glory  of  the  Lord, 
As  the  waters  cover  the  sea. 

15  Woe  unto  him  that  giveth  his  neighbour  drink. 
That  puttest  thy  bottle  to  him,  and  makest  him  drunken  also, 
That  thou  mayest  Mook  on  their  nakedness ! 

16  Thou  art  filled  twith  shame  for  glory : 

Drink  thou  also,  and  let  thy  foreskin  be  uncovered  : 

The  cup  of  the  Lord's  right  hand  shall  be  turned  unto  thee, 

And  shameful  spewing  shall  be  on  thy  glory. 

1'^  For  the  violence  of  Lebanon  shall  cover  thee, 
And  the  spoil  of  beasts,  which  made  them  afraid, 
Because  of  men's  blood,  and  for  the  violence 
Of  the  land,  of  the  city,  and  of  all  that  dwell  therein. 

18  What  profiteth  the  graven  image  that  the  maker  thereof  hath 
graven  it ; 

The  molten  image,  and  a  teacher  of  lies,  u  -j  i  o 

That  tthe  maker  of  his  work  trusteth  therein,  to  make  dumb  idols  . 

19  Woe  unto  him  that  saith  to  the  wood,  Awake  ! 
To  the  dumb  stone.  Arise,  it  shall  teach ! 
Behold,  it  is  laid  over  with  gold  and  silver, 
And  there  is  no  breath  at  all  in  the  midst  of  it. 

20  But  the  Lord  is  in  his  holy  temple :  ^ 

*Let  all  the  earth  keep  silence  before  him ! 

1  A    ^Prayer    or    H.vbakkuk    the    Prophet  tupoN     Habakkuk  iii. 
Shigionoth. 

2  O  Lord,  I  have  heard  thy  tspeech,  and  was  afraid  1 
O  Lord,  *revive  thy  work  in  the  midst  of  the  years, 
In  the  midst  of  the  years  make  known  ; 
In  wrath  remember  mercy. 

3  God  came  from  tTeman, 
And  "the  Holy  One  from  Mount  Paran. 
His  glory  covered  the  heavens. 
And  the  earth  was  full  of  his  praise. 

4  And  his  brightness  was  as  the  light ; 
He  had  thorns  coming  out  of  his  hand ; 
And  there  was  the  hiding  of  his  power. 


X  Heb.  the  fash- 
ioner of  his  fash- 


IPs.  115.  5.1  Co 
12.  2. 


*  Heh-Besilentall 
thr.  earth  before 
him.  Zep.  1.  7. 
Zee.  2.  13. 
a  The  prayer, 
strictlyspeaking, 
is  but  V.  2  ;  from 
V.  3  to  15  is  the 
consequent  vis- 
ion.    Verse  16 
is  the  immediate 
effect,  and  v.  17, 
&c.  finely  paints 
the  prophet's  re- 
\  iving  faith  and 
hope.^£rf. 
f  Or,  according 
to  variable  songs, 
or,  tunes,  called, 
in  Hebrew,  Shi- 
gionoth. 

I  Heb.  report,  or, 
hearing. 
*  Or,  preserve 
alive. 
f  Or,  the  sovlh. 
m  De.  33.  2.  Ju. 
5.  4.  Ps.68.  7. 
I  Or,  bright  beams 
out  of  /(is  side. 


Selah  ! 


862  HABAKKUK  PREDICTS  THE  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VI. 

^  Before  iiim  went  the  pestilence, 

And  "burning  coals  went  forth  at  his  feet. 
^  He  stood — and  measured  the  earth  : 

He  beheld — and  drove  asunder  the  nations  ; 

And  the  everlasting  mountains  were  scattered, 

The  perpetual  hills  did  bow : 

His  ways  are  everlasting. 
■^  I  saw  the  tents  of  tCushan  Jin  affliction  : 

And  the  curtains  of  the  land  of  Midian  did  tremble. 
®  Was  the  Lord  displeased  against  the  rivers  ? 

Was  thine  anger  against  the  rivers  ? 

Was  thy  wrath  against  the  sea, 

That  "thou  didst  ride  upon  thy  horses 

And  thy  chariots  *of  salvation  ? 
^  Thy  bow  was  made  quite  naked, 

According  to  the  oaths  of  the  tribes,  even  thy  word.     Selah ! 

Thou  didst  cleave  tthe  earth  with  rivers. 
^°  The  "mountains  saw  thee — and  they  trembled : 

The  overflowing  of  the  water  passed  by  : 

The  deep  uttered  his  voice, 

And  ''lifted  up  his  hands  on  high. 
^^  The  'sun  and  moon  stood  still  in  their  habitation  : 

JAt  the  light  of  thine  '^arrows  they  went, 

And  at  the  shining  of  thy  glittering  spear. 
^2  Thou  didst  march  through  the  land  in  indignation. 

Thou  didst  thresh  the  heathen  in  anger. 
^^  Thou  wentest  forth  for  the  salvation  of  thy  people, 

Even  for  salvation  with  thine  anointed  ; 

Thou  woundedst  the  head  out  of  the  house  of  the  wicked, 

*By  discovering  the  foundation  unto  the  neck.     Selah  ! 
^*  Thou  didst  strike  through  with  his  staves  the  head  of  his  villages : 

They  tcame  out  as  a  whirlwind  to  scatter  me : 

Their  rejoicing  was  as  to  devour  the  poor  secretly. 
^^  Thou  didst  walk  through  the  sea  with  thy  horses, 

Through  the  theap  of  great  waters. 
^•^  When  I  heard,  my  belly  trembled ; 

My  lips  quivered  at  the  voice : 

Rottenness  entered  into  my  bones,  and  I  trembled  in  myself, 

That  I  might  rest  in  the  day  of  trouble : 

When  he  comcth   up  unto  the   people,  he  will  *invade   them  with 
his  troops. 
^"  Although  the  fig  tree  shall  not  blossom. 

Neither  shall  fruit  be  in  the  vines  ; 

The  labor  of  the  olive  shall  tfail. 

And  the  fields  shall  yield  no  meat ; 

The  flock  shall  be  cut  ofl'  from  the  fold, 

And  there  shall  be  no  herd  in  the  stalls : 
^^  Yet  I  will  rejoice  in  the  Lord, 

I  will  joy  in  the  God  of  my  salvation  ! 
^^  The  Lord  God  is  my  strength. 

And  he  will  make  my  feet  like  hinds'  feet. 

And  he  will  make  me  to  'walk  upon  my  high  places. 

To  the  chief  singer  on  my  tstringed  instruments. 

[end  of  the  book  of  the  prophet  HABAKKUK.] 


*  Or,  burning 
dUeases,  De.  32. 
24.  Ps.  18.  8. 


t  Or,  Ethiopia. 
J  Or,  under  afflic- 
tion, or,  vanity. 


ri  De.  33.  26,  27. 
Ps.  68.  4.  &.  104. 


I  Or,  the  rivers 

of  the  earth.  Ps. 

78.  15,16.  &  105. 

41. 
0  Ex.  19.  16,  18. 

Ju.  5.  4,  5.  Ps. 

68.8. 

p  Ex.  14.  22.  Jos. 

3.  16. 
9  Jos.  10.  12,  13. 
XOr,Thinearrows 

walked  in  the 

liffht,  4-c. 
r  Jos.  10.  11.  Ps. 

18.  14. 


*  Heb.  Makins 
naked. 


t  Heb.  were  tem- 
pestuous. 


I  Or,  mud. 


*  Or,  cut  them  i 
pieces. 


t  Heb.  Ue. 


Part   XVI.]  JEREMIAH  EXHORTETH  THE  JEWS  TO  REPENTANCE.       863 


Section  IX. — Jeremiah  exhorts  the  People  to   Repentance,  and  laments   the 

Miseries  of  the  People  on  the  near  Approach  of  the  Captivity. 

Jeremiah  vii.  to  x.*^') 


A.  M.  3399 
B.  C.  612. 


Jeremiah  is  sent  to  call  for  true  repentance,  to  prevent  the  Jews'  captivity.  8  He  reiecteth  their  t^ain 
confidence,  12  by  the  example  of  Shiloh.  17  He  threateneth  them  for  their  idolatry.  21  He  re- 
ffcteth  the  sacrifices  of  the  disobedient.     29  He  exhorteth  to  mourn  for  their  abominations  in 

'Tophet,  32  and  the  judgments  for  the  same.  —  Chap.  viii.  1  The  calainity  of  the  Jews,  both  dead 
and  alive.  4  He  upbraideth  their  foolish  and  shameless  impenitency.  13  He  showeth  their  p-ievous 
iuds-merit,  18  and  bewaileth  their  desperate  estate.  —  Cliap.   ix.   1    He  lamenteth  the  Jews  for 

'their  manifold  sins,  9  and  for  their  judgment.  12  Disobedience  is  the  cause  of  their  hitter  calam- 
>•  ity.     17  He  exhorteth  to  mourn  for  tJieir  destruction,  23  and  to  trust  not  in  themselves,  but  in 

God.  Ilo  He  threateneth  both  Jews  and  Gentiles.  —  Chap.  x.  1  Ttie  unequal  comparison  of  God 
and  idols.  17  The  prophet  exhorteth  tofieefrom  the  calamity  to  come.  IS  He  lamenteth  the  spoil 
of  the  tabernacle  by  foolish  pastors.     22  He  maketh  a  humble  supplication. 

1  The  word  that  came  to  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  saying, — 
2  Stand  in  the  gate  of  the  Lord's  house,  and  proclaim  there  this  word, 
Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  all  ye  of  Judah,  [and  say, 

That  enter  in  at  these  gates  to  worship  the  Lord, 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel, 
Amend  your  ways  and  your  doings. 
And  I  will  cause  you  to  dwell  in  this  place. 
"*  Trust  ye  not  in  lying  words,  saying, 
"  The  temple  of  the  Lord,  The  temple  of  the  Lord, 
The  temple  of  the  Lord,  are  these." 

^  For  if  ye  throughly  amend  your  ways  and  your  doings  ; 
If  ye  throughly  execute  judgment  between  a  man  and  his  neighbour  ; 
^  If  ye  oppress  not  the  stranger,  the  fatherless,  and  the  widow, 
And  shed  not  innocent  blood  in  this  place, 
'&8:i9^&iL  Neither  "walk  after  other  gods  to  your  hurt: 

28- '  7  Then  'will  I  cause  you  to  dwell  in  this  place, 

>  De.  4  40.  j^  ^j^^  j^^^^  ^j^^^  J  g^^g  j^  y^^j.  fathers,  for  ever  and  ever. 

^  Behold,  ye  trust  in  lying  words,  that  cannot  profit. 
HoM.\%^Zep.    ^  Will  'ye  steal,  murder,  and  commit  adultery, 
'  "      '  And  swear  falsely,  and  burn  incense  unto  Baal, 

And  ''walk  after  other  gods  whom  ye  know  not ; 
And  come  and  stand  before  me  in  this  house, 
*  Which  is  called  by  my  name, 
'i^kl"""  And  say.  We  are  delivered  to  do  all  these  abominations  ? 

^^  Is  this  house,  which  is  called  by  my  name, 
e  Mat.  21. 13.  Becomc  a  'den  of  robbers  in  your  eyes  ? 

Behold,  even  I  have  seen  it,  saith  the  Lord. 
^2  But  go  ye  now  unto  my  place  which  was  in  Shiloh, 

(6')  These  four  chapters  are  inserted  in  this  place  heavy  sentence  both  on  the   dead   and  the  living, 

on  the    authority  of  Dr.  Blayney,  who   supposes  From  ver.  4   to  13,  the  incorrigibility  of  the  people 

them  to  have  been  delivered  soon  after  the  predic-  is  reproved,  and  they  are  threatened  with  grievous 

tions  in  the  previous  chapters.    Besides  the  prophets  calamities.     In    the    three    following    verses    the 

who  were  commissioned  to  announce  the  approach-  prophet  addresses  his  countrymen  in  his  own  per- 

ing  calamities  of  the  Jews,  there   were  others  who  son  ;  as  one  of  the  people  that  dwelt  in  open  towns, 

flattered  the  people  by  opposite  predictions.     TJiey  and  advises  those  in  the  like  situation  to  retire  with 

taught  them  to  look  upon  such  threats  as  ground-  him  into  some  fortified  cities  during  this  time  of 

less.     God,  they  said,  would  have  too  much  regard  danger  and  distress.     In  ver.   17,  God  declares  he 

for  his  own  honor  to  permit  the  temple  to  be  defiled,  will  bring  foes  against  them  that  should  be  irresisti- 

and  tiie  seat  of  his    holiness  given  to   strangers,  ble.     The  prophet  then  bewails  that  no  remedy  can 

Jeremiah  is  commanded  to  show  the  fallacy  of  these  be  found  to  close  up  the  wounds  of  his  country,  and 

assertions;  which  he  does  by  pointing  to  the  fate  pathetically  weeps  over  the   number  of  her  slain, 

of  Israel.  In  chap   ix.  Jeremiah  continues  to  give  vent  to  his 

From  ver.  1  to  16,  God  justifies  the   severity  of  lamentations  at  the  foresight  of  the  calamities  which 

his  proceedino-s  by  a  representation   of  the  people's  the  Chaldeans  would  inflict  upon  the   Jews.     Ver. 

impiety  and  idolatry  ;  and  he  assures  the  Jews  that  23,  24,  forbids  setting  value  on  any  personal  endow- 

he  would  do  unto  Jerusalem  what  he  had  done  unto  inent;  for  God  delights   in   those  only  who   under- 

Shiloh;  and  that  he  would  cast  the  people  of  Judah  stand  and  know   him.     The  10th  chapter  begins 

out  of  his  sight,  as  he   had  already  done  tiiose  of  with  an  earnest  appeal   to   the  people   to  dissuade 

Israel,  for  their  wickedness  ;  and  ends  with  a  dec-  them  from  the  practice  of  heathen  idolatry  ;  Jc-— 


5. 


Heb.  Whereupon 


jerusa- 


laration  that  their  sacrifices  were  unacceptable  lem,  at  ver.  IG,  is  introduced  lamenting  the  coin- 
while  they  continued  deaf  to  the  calls  of  his  mes-  pletion  of  her  ruin,  and  supplicating  God's  mercy, 
sengers.     From  ver.  29,  to  chap.  viii.   3,  contains  a     — Dr.  Blayney. 


864  JEREfflAH  EXHORTETH  THE  JEWS  TO  REPENTANCE.     [Period  VI. 

Where  I  set  my  name  at  the  first, 
p^.'y'B^'eo!'  "■        And  see  ^what  I  did  to  it  for  the  wickedness  of  my  people  Israel. 
^^  And  now,  because  ye  have  done  all  these  words,  saith  the  Lord, 
And  I  spake  unto  you, 

Rising  uj)  early  and  speaking — but  ye  heard  not ; 
^u^'i''  ^^'  ^''  ^"^  °^  called  you — but  ye  answered  not ; 

^^  Therefore  will  I  do  unto  this  house,  which  is  called  by  my  name, 
Wherein  ye  trust, 

And  unto  the  place  which  I  gave  to  you  and  to  your  fathers, 
As  I  have  done  to  Shiloh. 
^^  And  I  will  cast  you  out  of  my  sight, 
A2Ki.i7.23.  ^g  *j  j^j^^.p  ^.j^g^  Q^jj  j^lj  ^^Q^jj.  brethren. 

Even  the  whole  seed  of  Ephraim. 
i  Ex.  32. 10.  16  Therefore  'pray  not  thou  for  this  people. 

Neither  lift  up  cry  nor  prayer  for  them. 
Neither  make  intercession  to  me  ; 
For  I  will  not  hear  thee. 
"  Seest  thou  not  what  they  do  in  the  cities  of  Judah, 

And  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem  ? 
^^  The  children  gather  wood, 
And  the  fathers  kindle  the  fire. 
And  the  women  knead  their  dough, 
^w^^h^lf        To  make  cakes  to  the  tqueen  of  heaven, 
A*""^-  And  to  pour  out  drink  offerings  unto  other  gods. 

That  they  may  provoke  me  to  anger. 
;■  De.  32. 16, 21.    19  Dq  J []^^y  provokc  me  to  anger  ?  saith  the  Lord  : 

Do  they  not  provoke  themselves  to  the  confusion  of  their  own  faces  ? 

^°  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Behold, mine  anger  and  my  fury  shall  be  poured  out  upon  this  place, 
Upon  man,  and  upon  beast. 
And  upon  the  trees  of  the  field, 
And  upon  the  fruit  of  the  ground  ; 
And  it  shall  burn,  and  shall  not  be  quenched. 

^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 
Put  your  burnt  offerings  unto  your  sacrifices, 
And  eat  flesh. 
2^  For  I  spake  not  unto  your  fathers,  nor  commanded  them. 
In  the  day  that  I  brought  them  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
nieb.  thematter      Couceming  Ibumt  offerings  or  sacrifices  ; 

^^  But  this  thing  commanded  I  them,  saying, 
*6^3:  ^^"^^^  '^""        "  Obey  ^my  voice, 
JSeeGe.  17. 8.         And  'I  will  be  your  God, 

And  ye  shall  be  my  people  : 

And  walk  ye  in  all  the  ways  that  I  have  commanded  you. 
That  it  may  be  well  unto  you." 
^^  But  they  hearkened  not,  nor  inclined  their  ear, 
'sL^^'^^'^^"        But  "walked   in  the  counsels  and  in  the  *imagination  of  their  evil 
*  Ot, siubborn-  And  tweut  backward,  and  not  forward.  [heart, 

t  HTb.  were.        ^^  Since  the  day  that  your  fathers  came  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt 
Unto  this  day, 

I  have  even  "sent  unto  you  all  my  servants  the  prophets, 
Daily  rising  up  early  and  sending  them  : 
^^  Yet  they  hearkened  not  unto  me,  nor  inclined  their  ear. 
But  hardened  their  neck  : 
They  did  worse  than  their   fav!iers. 

^''  Therefore  thou  shalt  si)eak  all  these  words  unto  them ; 
But  thev  will  not  hearken  to  thee  : 


n  2  Ch.  36.  15. 


Part  XVI.]  JEREMIAH  EXHORTETH  THE  JEWS  TO  REPENTANCE.        865 

Thou  shall  also  call  unto  them  ; 
But  they  will  not  answer  thee. 
28  But  thou  shalt  say  unto  them, 

This  is  a  nation  that  obeyeth  not  the  voice  of  the  Lord  their  God, 
i  Oh  i^istruction.       p^^,.  receivcth  tconection  : 

Truth  is  perished,  and  is  cut  off  from  their  mouth. 
0  job^i.  20.  Is.  21  Qyj^  "off  thy  hair,  O  Jerusalem,  and  cast  it  away, 

And  take  up  a  lamentation  on  high  places  ; 

For  the  Lord  hath  rejected  and  forsaken  the  generation  of  his  wrath  ! 
30  For  the  cliildren  of  Judah  have  done  evil  in  my  sight,  saith  the  Lord  : 
p2Ki.2i.4,7.         They  ''have  set  their  abominations  in  the  house 
7.  Je'.  23'.  11.  &        Which  is  called  by  my  name,  to  pollute  it. 
ftiXo'-'vl:  31  And  they  have  built  the  high  'places  of  Tophet, 
9-^^;  Which  is  in  the  Valley  of  the  Son  of  Hinnom, 

5  2K..23, 10.  ^,^  ^^^^^  ^j^^.^  ^^^^^  ^^^^  ^j^^.^.  daughters  in  the  fire ; 

rSeeDe.17.3.         Which  "I  Commanded  them  not,  neither  came  it  *into  my  heart. 
*neh.upon,ny     3,  rpi^^^.^^^^^^  bchold,  the  days  comc,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  it  shall  no  more  be  called  Tophet, 

Nor  the  Valley  of  the  Son  of  Hinnom, 

But  the  Valley  of  Slaughter ; 
^^^  g  5  For  'they  shall  bury  in  Tophet,  till  there  be  no  place. 

loe.'is.  26.Ps.    ^^  And  the  'carcasses  of  this  people  shall  be  meat 
79-^2: Je:  16.  4.        Pqj.  thg  fo^ig  of  the  heaven,  and  for  the  beasts  of  the  earth; 

And  none  shall  fray  them  away. 

Ve'il^Ho^'^''  ^^  '^'^*^"  ^''^  ^  ^^"^^  "^^  ^^^^®  ^''^'^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^  Judah, 
ii!  Re.  18.' 23.         And  from  the  streets  of  Jerusalem, 

The  voice  of  mirth,  and  the  voice  of  gladness, 

The  voice  of  the  bridegroom,  and  the  voice  of  the  bride  ; 

»Le.26.33is  For  "the  land  sliall  be  dcsolatc. 

1  At  that  time,  saith  the  Lord,  they  shall  bring  out        Jeremiah  vm. 
The  bones  of  the  kings  of  Judah,  and  the  bones  of  his  prmces, 
And  the  bones  of  the  priests,  and  the  bones  of  the  prophets. 
And  the  bones  of  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  out  of  their  graves : 
2  And  they  shall  spread  them  before  the  sun,  and  the  moon. 
And  all  the  host  of  heaven,  whom  they  have  loved. 
And  whom  they  have  served,  and  after  whom  tliey  have  walked, 
And  whom  they  have  sought,  and  whom  they  have  worshipped : 
They  shall  not  be  gathered,  nor  be  buried  ; 

"g2  Ki.  9. 36.  Ps.       rpi^gy  gj^^H  ^^  l-Qj.  »^j^j,^g  ^jpQj^  the  face  of  the  earth. 

I  Job  3. 21, 22,       3  And  ""death  shall  be  chosen  rather  than  life 
^''-  ^-  ^-  By  all  the  residue  of  them  that  remain  of  this  evil  family, 

Which  remain  in  all  the  places  whither  I  have  driven  them, 
Saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

'^  Moreover  thou  shalt  say  unto  them. 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Shall  they  fall,  and  not  arise  ? 
Shall  he  turn  aw^ay,  and  not  return  ? 
^  Why  then  is  this  people  of  Jerusalem  slidden  back 
By  a  perpetual  backsliding  ? 
They  hold  fast  deceit. 
They  refuse  to  return. 
j,2Pe.3.9.  6  I  ^hearkened  and  heard — but  they  spake  not  aright : 

No  man  repented  him  of  his  wickedness,  saying.  What  have  I  done  ? 
Every  one  turned  to  his  course, 
As  the  horse  rusheth  into  the  battle. 
'  Yea,  the  stork  in  the  heaven  knoweth  her  appointed  times  ; 
VOL.   I.  109  3  u 


866  JEREMIAH  EXHORTETH  THE  JEWS  TO  REPENTANCE.     [Period  VI. 

And  the  turtle  and  the  crane  and  the  swallow  observe  the  time  of 
their  coming  ; 

But  my  people  know  not  the  judgment  of  the  Lord. 
^  How  do  ye  say,  "  We  are  wise, 
I  Ro.  2. 17.  And  -'the  law  of  the  Lord  is  with  us  ?  " 

l%fs/'^<^'"'       Lo  !   certainly  tin  vain  made  he  it ; 
faZ'Jittu.  10.       ^^^  pen  of  the  scribes  is  in  vain. 
'•  ^  tThe  wise  men  are  ashamed, 

^A«,:  i^</?         They  are  dismayed  and  taken  : 
^■'=-  Lo,  they  have  rejected  the  word  of  the  Lord  ; 

*  "'»^Aaf  rtl?.""       A"tl  *what  wisdom  is  in  them  ? 
nDe  28  30  Am   ^^  Therefore  "will  I  give  their  wives  unto  others, 
"5.  li.  Zep.  1.  ix       And  their  fields  to  them  that  shall  inherit  them  ; 

For  every  one  from  the  least  even  unto  the  greatest 

Is  given  to  covetousness, 

From  the  prophet  even  unto  the  priest 

Every  one  dealeth  falsely. 
"  For  they  have  healed  the  hurt  of  the  daughter  of  my  people  slightly. 

Saying,  "  Peace,  peace,"  when  there  is  no  peace. 
^-  Were  they  ashamed  when  they  had  committed  abomination  ? 

Nay,  they  were  not  at  all  ashamed — neither  could  they  blush  : 

Therefore  shall  they  fall  among  them  that  fall : 

In  the  time  of  their  visitation  they  shall  be  cast  down,  saith  the 
Lord. 
^?^Ju!nltZ^^  '^  +1  will  surely  consume  them,  saith  the  Lord: 
6  Mat.  21. 19.  There  shall  be  no  grapes  on  the  vine,  nor  figs  on  'the  fig  tree, 

And  the  leaf  shall  fade  ; 

And  the  things  that  I  have  given  them  shall  pass  away  from  them. 
^^  Why  do" we  sit  still  ? 

Assemble  yourselves,  and  let  us  enter  into  the  defcnced  cities, 

And  let  us  be  silent  there  ; 

For  the  Lord  our  God  hath  put  us  to  silence, 

Because  we  have  sinned  against  the  Lord. 
^^  We  looked  for  peace — but  no  good  came  ! 
And  for  a  time  of  health — and  behold  trouble  ! 

^^  The  snorting  of  his  horses  was  heard  from  Dan  : 
The  whole   land   trembled   at  the   sound    of   the   neighing  of  his 
strong  ones  ; 
*tJi!^^/*^"'""*       ^o*"  *'^ey  ^^e  co'^e  ^"d  1^^^'e  devoured  the  land,  and  *all  that  is  in  it ; 
The  city,  and  those  that  dwell  therein. 
^"^  For,  behold  I  will  send  serpents,  cockatrices,  among  you, 
W^hich  will  not  be  charmed. 
And  they  shall  bite  you,  saith  the  Lord. 

'^  When  I  would  comfort  myself  against  sorrow, 
^Heb.upon.  My  heart  is  foiut  tin  uic. 

^^  Behold  the  voice  of  the  cry  of  the  daughter  of  my  people, 
jHcb  n/Mfi  Because  lof  them  that  dwell  in  a  far  country  : 

country  of  thnn  \         t  ■        r,- 

thai  art  far  off.  Is   not   thc  LoRD   lU   ZlOll  .•' 

Is  not  her  king  in  her  ?  — 
cne.32. 21.  Is.  Why  have  they  ^provoked  me  to  anger  with  their  graven  images, 

And  with  strange  vanities  ?  — 

-'^  The  harvest  is  past,  the  summer  is  ended. 

And  we  are  not  saved  !  — 
2'  For  the  hurt  of  the  daughter  of  my  people  am  I  hurt ; 
dGe.  37.  25.  &  I  am  black — astonishment  hath  taken  hold  on  nie. 

43.  U.  Je.  46.        .22  jg  j^g^g  ^^  .j^^,^^   -^^  (.  jj^^j  . 


Pakt  XVI.] 


JEREMIAH  EXHORTETH  THE  JEWS  TO  REPENTANCE. 


867 


Heb. 


lie  up. 


t  Heb.  Who  wiU 

five  my  head, 
c.  U.  -22.  4.  La. 
2.  a.  &3.  43. 


X  Oi,  friend. 


•  Or,  viock. 


t  Heb.  in  the 

midst  of  him. 
I  Ot,  wait  for 


*  Or,  pastures. 
t  Or,  desolate. 


+  Heb.  From  the 
''fowl  even  to,  ^-c. 


e  Is.  25.  2. 

/Is.  13.  *2.  &34 


Heb.  desolation 


f  Or,  stubborn- 
ness. 
gGa.\.  1.  14. 

h  La.  3.  15,  19. 
i  Le.  26.  33. 


Is  there  no  physician  there  ?  .  ^  ,    #  j , 

Why  then  is  not  the  health  of  the  daughter  of  my  people  ^recovered  ? 

1  fOh  that  my  head  were  waters,  Jekemiah  ix. 

And  mine  eyes  a  fountain  of  tears, 

That  I  might  weep  day  and  night 

For  the  slain  of  the  daughter  of  my  people  . 

2  Oh  that  I  had  in  the  wilderness  a  lodging  place  of  wayfarmg  men; 

That  I  might  leave  my  people,  and  go  from  them  ! 

For  they  be  all  adulterers, 

An  assembly  of  treacherous  men. 
3  And  they  bend  their  tongues  like  their  bow  for  lies : 

But  they  are  not  valiant  for  the  truth  upon  the  earth  ; 

For  they  proceed  from  evil  to  evil, 

And  they  know  not  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
"  Take  ye  heed  every  one  of  his  tneighbour, 

And  trust  ye  not  in  any  brother : 

For  every  brother  will  utterly  supplant, 

And  every  neighbour  will  walk  with  slanders. 
5  And  they  will  *deceive  every  one  his  neighbour, 

And  will  not  speak  the  truth  : 

They  have  taught  their  tongue  to  speak  lies, 

And  weary  themselves  to  commit  iniquity. 
«  Thy  habitation  is  in  the  midst  of  deceit ; 

Through  deceit  they  refuse  to  know  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Behold,  I  will  melt  them,  and  try  them  ; 

For  how  shall  I  do  for  the  daughter  of  my  people  ? 

8  Their  tongue  is  as  an  arrow  shot  out ; 

It  speaketh  deceit :  •  ,    ,  •  ♦u 

One  speaketh  peaceably  to  his  neighbour  with  his  mouth. 
But  tin  heart  he  layeth  this  wait. 

9  Shall  I  not  visit  them  for  these  things?  saith  the  Lord: 
Shall  not  my  soul  be  avenged  on  such  a  nation  as  this  . 

10  For  the  mountains  will  I  take  up  a  weeping  and  wailmg, 

And  for  the  ^habitations  of  the  wilderness  a  lamentation, 

Because  they  are  Iburned  up,  so  that  none  can  pass  through  them  , 

Neither  can  men  hear  the  voice  of  the  cattle ; 

tBoth  the  fowl  of  the  heavens  and  the  beast  are  tied ; 

They  are  gone !  ^ .         ^  , 

H  And  I  wiU'make  Jerusalem  Mieaps,  and  a  -^den  of  dragons ; 

And  I  will  make  the  cities  of  Judah  Mesolate,  without  an  inhabitant. 
12  Who  is  the  wise  man,  that  may  understand  this 

And  who  is  he  to  whom  the  mouth  of  the  Lord  hath  spoken,  that 
he  may  declare  it, 

For  what  the  land  perisheth 

And  is  burned  up  like  a  wilderness,  that  none  passeth  through  ? 

13  And  the  Lord  saith, 

Because  they  have  forsaken  my  law 
Which  I  set  before  them. 
And  have  not  obeyed  my  voice. 
Neither  walked  therein  ; 

14  But  have  walked  after  the  timagination  of  their  own  heart, 
And  after  Baalim,  Svhich  their  fathers  taught  theni : 

15  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  oi  Israel  ; 
Behold,  I  will  feed  them,  even  this  people,  "with  wormwood. 
And  give  them  water  of  gall  to  drink. 

16  I  will  'scatter  them  also  among  the  heathen, 


868  JEREMIAH  EXHORTETH  THE  JEWS  TO  REPENTANCE.     [Period  VI. 

Whom  neither  they  nor  their  fathers  liave  known  : 

jEz.  5.  2,  12.  ^,^J     J   ^^,jj|   ggj^j  ^  g^^.^j.j  ^|.^gj.   jj^g^^ 

Till  I  have  consumed  them. 

'"  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
*Job^3.' i'''^.' 12.       Consider  ye,   and   call  for  *the  mourning   women,  that  they  may 
Mat's'. Is.'"'  -^""^^  ^^"*^  ^^^  cunning  women,  that  they  may  come  ;  [come  ; 

^^  And  let  them  make  haste,  and  take  up  a  waihng  for  us, 
That  our  eyes  may  run  down  with  tears, 
And  our  eyelids  gush  out  with  waters. 
^^  For  a  voice  of  wailing  is  heard  out  of  Zion, 

"  How  are  we  spoiled  !  we  are  greatly  confounded, 
Because  we  have  forsaken  the  land, 
'a)!'22?' ^"^^  Because  'our  dwellings  have  cast  us  out." 

^°  Yet  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  O  ye  women ! 
And  let  your  ear  receive  the  word  of  his  mouth, 
And  teach  your  daughters  wailing, 
And  every  one  her  neighbour  lamentation. 
2^  For  death  is  come  up  into  our  windows. 
And  is  entered  into  our  palaces, 
To  cut  off  the  children  from  without. 
And  the  young  men  from  the  streets. 
^^  Speak,  thus  saith  the  Lord, 

Even  the  carcasses  of  men  shall  fall  as  dung  upon  the  open  field, 
And  as  the  handful  after  the  harvestman,  and  none  shall  gather 
-^  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  [them. 

BiEc.  9.  II.  j^g^  m^^j  ^^^  ^^^jg^  ^^^^  glory  in  his  wisdom. 

Neither  let  the  mighty  man  glory  in  his  might, 
Let  not  the  rich  man  glory  in  his  riches  ; 
*2Co°"io.  17.       ^^  But  "let  him  tliat  glorieth  glory  in  this. 
That  he  understandeth  and  knoweth  me. 
That  I  am  the  Lord  wliich  e.xercise  lovingkindness, 
Judgment,  and  righteousness,  in  the  earth  : 
For  in  these  things  I  delight,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  Behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 
tHeb.vditupmi.       That  T    wiU    tpunish   all    them    which   are   circumcised  with   the 
uncircumcised  ; 
^^  Egypt,  and  Judah,  and  Edom, 

And  the  children  of  Amnion,  and  Moab, 
'iMfconi^e^f oi,        And  all  that  are  *in  the  utmost  corners, 

havm.the  cor-'  f^^^^  ^^^^jj   ■       ^j^^   wildemCSS  : 

Iters  ot  their 

hair  polled.  YoT  all  thcsc  nations  are  uncircumcised, 

'44f'7?Ro^2.28,"        '^"'^  ^"  ^^c  housc  of  Israel  are  ''uncircumcised  in  the  heart. 

•  Hear  ye  the  word  which  the  Lord  speaketh  unto    Jeremiah  x. 
you,  O  house  of  Israel !  ^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Learn  'not  the  way  of  the  heathen. 
And  be  not  dismayed  at  the  signs  of  heaven  ; 
For  the  heathen  are  dismayed  at  them. 
^  For  the  icustoms  of  the  people  are  vain  ; 
""«"!'•  For  one  cutteth  a  tree  out  of  the  forest. 

The  work  of  the  hands  of  the  workman,  with  the  axe. 
^  They  deck  it  with  silver  and  with  gold  ; 
They  fasten  it  with  nails  and  with  hammers, 
That  it  move  not. 
^  Tliev  are  upright  as  the  palm  tree, 
"l'i9.\'co.T-       Riit^speak  not: 
a!  They  must  needs  be  borne, 

Because  they  cannot  go. 


29. 


Heb.iW(u(«,  or, 
ordinances  i 


Part  XVI.]  JEREMIAH  EXHORTETH  THE  JEWS  TO  REPENTANCE.        869 

Be  not  afraid  of  them  ;   for  they  cannot  do  evil, 

Neither  also  is  it  in  them  to  do  good. 
,seeEx.8. 10.  G  Forasmuch  as  there  is  none  like  unto  thee,  O  Lord  ; 

Thou  art  great,  and  thy  name  is  great  in  might. 
£  Re.  15.4.  7  \Yi^o  'would  uot  fear  thee,  O  King  of  nations? 

I  OT,it  luceth  thee.       Yov  tto  tiioe  doth  it  appertain  : 

Forasmuch  as  among  all  the  wise  men  of  the  nations, 

And  in  all  their  kingdoms,  there  is  none  like  unto  thee. 

*  Heb.  in  one,  or,    8  ^^^^  ^[^gy  are  *altogether  "brutish  and  fooUsh  : 
upTn-o.  8.  Is.         The  stock  is  a  doctrine  of  vanities. 

Vsze^ft't    y  Silver  spread  into  plates  is  brought  from  Tarshish, 
Ro.  L2i,ij.  ■         And  gold  from  Uphaz, 

The  work  of  the  workman, 

And  of  the  hands  of  the  founder: 

Blue  and  purple  is  their  clothing : 

They  are  all  the  work  of  cunning  men. 
^Heh.oodof      10  gut  the  Lord  is  the  itrue  God, 
«iTi.6. 17.  He  is  "the  living  God,  and  tan  everlasting  king: 

X  mh.aKingof        At  his  Wrath  the  earth  shall  tremble, 
eternity.  ^^^^^  ^^^  natious  shall  uot  be  able  to  abide  his  indignation. 

*  In  the  Chaldean  u  s^hus  sliall  vc  sav  unto  them, 

language.  j  j  ' 

The  gods  that  have  not  made  the  heavens  and  the  earth. 
Even  they  shall  perish  from   the   earth,   and  from  under  these 
w  See  Ge.  1. 1, 6,  12  jje  '"hath  made  the  earth  by  his  power,  [heavens. 

He  hath  established  the  world  by  his  wisdom. 
And  hath  stretched  out  the  heavens  by  his  discretion. 
t Or,  now.  13  When  he  uttereth  his  voice,  there  is  a  imultitude  of  waters  in  the 

heavens. 
And  he  causeth  the  vapors  to  ascend  from  the  ends  of  the  earth ; 
XOi,  for  rain.  jjg  makcth  lightuiugs  twith  rain, 

And  bringeth  forth  the  wind  out  of  his  treasures. 

*  Ox,  is  more        14  Eyerv  man  *is  brutish  in  his  knowledge: 

brutish  than  to  J  .  r-  i      i    i  i 

know.  Ft.  20. 2.        Evcrv  fouudcr  is  confounded  by  the  graven  image: 
For  his  molten  image  is  falsehood, 
And  there  is  no  breath  in  them. 
15  They  are  vanity,  and  the  work  of  errors : 

Li  the  time  of  their  visitation  they  shall  perish. 
1^  The  Portion  of  Jacob  is  not  like  them  : 
For  he  is  the  Former  of  all  things ; 
zSeeGe.17.7,8.       And  ''Israel  is  the  rod  of  his  inheritance: 
The  Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name. 

1"  Gather  up  thy  wares  out  of  the  land, 
xmh.inhabitress.       Q  f inhabitant  of  the  fortress  ! 
IS  For  thus  saith  the  Lord, 

Behold,  I  will  sling  out  the  inhabitants  of  the  land  at  this  once, 
And  will  distress  them,  that  they  may  find  it  so. 

1^  Woe  is  me  for  my  hurt ! 
My  wound  is  grievous :  but  I  said, 
"  Truly  this  is  a  grief,  and  I  must  bear  it." 

20  My  tabernacle  is  spoiled,  and  all  my  cords  are  broken : 
My  children  are  gone  forth  of  me,  and  they  are  not: 
There  is  none  tostretch  forth  my  tent  any  more, 
And  to  set  up  my  curtains. 

21  For  the  pastors  are  become  brutish, 
And  have  not  sought  the  Lord  : 
Therefore  they  shall  not  prosper. 
And  all  their  flocks  shall  be  scattered. 

^..T    T  3u* 


870 


JEREMIAH  REMINDS  THE  PEOPLE 


[Period  VI. 


I  Ps.  6.  1. 

1. 
JHeb 

me. 
a  Ps.  79.  6. 
b  See  Job  : 


SECT.   X. 

A. 

M. 

3.394. 

B 

C. 

610. 

a  De.  27.  26. 
Gal.  3.  10. 


i  De.  4.  20.  1  Ki 

8.51. 


c  See  Ge.  17.  8 
d  De.  7.  12,  13. 


/Ro.  2.  13.  Ja. 
22. 


^^  Behold,  the  noise  of  the  bruit  is  come, 

And  a  great  commotion  out  of  the  north  country, 

To  make  the  cities  of  Judah  desolate. 

And  a  den  of  dragons. 

-^  O  Lord,  I  know  that  the  "way  of  man  is  not  in  himself: 

It  is  not  in  man  that  walketh  to  direct  his  steps. 
^^  O  Lord,  "correct  me — but  with  judgment ; 

Not  in  thine  anger — lest  thou  tbring  me  to  nothing. 
^^  Pour  "out  thy  fury  upon  the  heathen  ''that  know  thee  not, 

And  upon  the  families  that  call  not  on  thy  name  ; 

For  they  have  eaten  up  Jacob, 

And  devoured  him,  and  consumed  him. 

And  have  made  his  habitation  desolate. 

Section  X. — Jeremiah  reminds  the  People   of  the  Covenant  of  Josiah}^^ 

Jeremiah  xi.  and  xii. 

Jeremiah  prodaimeth  God's  covenant,  S  rebuketh  the  Jens'  disobeying  thereof,  1 1  prophesieth  einls  to 
come  upon  then,  \8  oTid  upon  the  vieii  of  Anathoth,for  conspiring  to  Ml  him.  —  Chap.  xii. 
1  Jeremiah,  complaining  of  the  wicked's  prosperity,  hy  faith  seeth  their  ruin.  5  God  admonisheth 
him  of  his  brethren's  treacliery  against  him,  7  and  la'menteth  his  heritage.  14  He  promiseth  to 
th-e  penitent  return  from  captivity. 

^  The  word  that  came  to  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  saying,  ^  Hear  ye 
the  words  of  this  covenant,  and  speak  unto  the  men  of  Judah,  and  to 
the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  ;  ^  and  say  thou  unto  them,  Thus  saith 
the  Lord  God  of  Israel ;  "Cursed  be  the  man  that  obeyeth  not  the 
words  of  this  covenant,  '^  which  I  commanded  your  fathers  in  the  day 
that  I  brought  them  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt,  'from  the  iron 
furnace,  saying,  "  Obey  my  voice,  and  do  them,  according  to  all  which 
I  command  you  ;  'so  shall  ye  be  my  people,  and  I  will  be  your  God ; 
^  that  I  may  perform  "^the  oath  which  I  have  sworn  unto  your  fathers, 
to  give  them  'a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  as  it  is  this  day." 
Then  answered  I,  and  said,  *So  be  it,  O  Lord  ! 

^  Then  the  Lord  said  unto  me.  Proclaim  all  these  words  in  the 
cities  of  Judah,  and  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem,  saying.  Hear  ye  the 
words  of  this  covenant,  ■'^and  do  tiiem.  ■■  For  I  earnestly  protested  unto 
your  fathers  in  the  day  that  I  brought  them  up  out  of  the  land  of 
Egypt,  even  unto  this  day,  rising  early  and  protesting,  saying,  "  Obey 
my  voice."  ^  Yet  they  obeyed  not,  nor  inclined  their  ear,  but  walked 
every  one  in  the  timagination  of  their  evil  heart :  therefore  I  will  bring 
upon  them  all  the  words  of  this  covenant,  which  I  commanded  them 
to  do ;  but  they  did  them  not. 

^And  the  Lord  said  unto  me,  A  conspiracy  is  found  among  the 
men  of  Judah,  and  among  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem.  ^"They  are 
turned  back  to  the  iniquities  of  their  forefathers,  which  refused  to  hear 
my  words  ;  and  they  went  after  other  gods  to  serve  them  :  the  house 
of  Israel  and  the  house  of  Judah  have  broken  my  covenant  which  I 
made  with  their  fathers. 
"  Therefore  thus  .saith  the  Loud, 

Behold,  I  will  bring  evil  upon  them, 

utter  destruction,  18.  to  the  end.  Emboldened  at 
the  success  of  his  prayers,  lie  expostulates  with 
God  (ch.  xii.  1-G.)  on  the  success  of  the  wicked, 
and  receives  for  answer,  that  God  had  discarded  his 
heritage,  and  j^iven  it  into  the  hands  of  her  enemies. 
From  14  to  17,  God  promises  the  future  restoration 
and  conversion  of  his  people,  with  threats  against 
their  heathen  oppressors,  itssuring  those  that  would 
believe  in  Him.  the  true  God,  that  they  should  be 
received  into  his  Church,  while  the  unbelieving 
would  utterly  perish. — Dr.  Blayney. 


(**)  The  prophecy  in  these  two  chapters  may  be 
assigned  to  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Josiah  ;  on  occa- 
sion of  the  people  neglecting  the  obligations  of  the 
divine  covenant,  which,  in  the  eighteenth  year  of 
that  prince,  they  had  solemnly  engaged  to  perform. 
Tlie  prophet  is  "therefore  sent  to  recall  them  to  their 
duty.  From  1  to  17,  he  rebukes  them  severely  for 
their  disobedience,  and  denounces  evil  against 
Judah  and  Jerusalem  for  their  apostac}'  :  and,  being 
informed  by  divine  revelation  of  the  conspiracy 
against  his  life  by  the  men  of  Anathoth,  he  prays 
against  them,  and  is  authorized  to   foretell  their 


Part  XVI.] 


OF  THE  COVENANT  OF  JOSIAH. 


871 


J  Heb.  to  go  forth 
g  See  Job  27.  9. 


h  De.  32.  37,  ; 


tEx.  32.  10.  IJo. 
5.  16. 


X  Heb.  einl. 

*  Heb.  What  is  to 

my  beloved  in  my 

house ? 
j  H^g.  2.  12-14. 

Tit.  1.  15. 
f  Or,  Wien  thy 

evil  is. 
4Pr.  2.  14. 
I  Ps.  5-3.  8.  Ro. 

11.  17. 


J  Heb.  the  stalk 
With  his  bread. 


m  1  Sa.  16.  7. 
1  Ch.  28  9.  Ps. 
7.  9.  Re.  2.  23. 


n  Je.  23.  12.  & 
46.21.  &  48.  44, 
fi.  50.  27.  Lu. 
19.  44. 

■f  Or,  reason  the 
r.ase  with  thee. 

0  Job  12.  6.  &  21 
7.  Ps.  37.  1,  35. 
Hab.  1.4.  Mai. 
3.  15. 

1  Heb.  go  on. 


Which  they  shall  not  be  able  tto  escape ; 
And  ^'though  they  sliall  cry  unto  me, 

1  will  not  hearken  unto  them. 

1'^  Then  shall  the  cities  of  Judah  and  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  go, 

And  cry  unto  Hhe  gods  unto  whom  they  offer  incense  ; 

But  they  shall  not  save  them  at  all 

In  the  time  of  their  *  trouble. 
1=^  For  according  to  the  number  of  thy  cities 

Were  thy  gods,  O  Judah ! 

And  according  to  the  number  of  the  streets  of  Jerusalem 

Have  ye  set  up  altars  to  that  tshameful  thing, 

Even  altars  to  burn  incense  unto  Baal. 
1"*  Therefore  'pray  not  thou  for  this  people, 

Neither  lift  up  a  cry  or  prayer  for  them  ; 

For  I  will  not  hear  them  in  the  time  that  they  cry  unto  me 

For  their  ttrouble. 

^5  *What  hath  my  beloved  to, do  in  my  house, 

Seeing  she  hath  wrought  lewdness  with  many, 

And  nhe  holy  flesh  is  passed  from  thee  ! 

tWhen  thou  doest  evil,  then  thou  *rejoicest. 
^^  The  Lord  called  thy  name, 

"  A  'green  olive  tree,  fair,  and  of  goodly  fruit :  " 

With  the  noise  of  a  great  tumult  he  hath  kindled  fire  upon  it, 

And  the  branches  of  it  are  broken. 
1^  For  the  Lord  of  hosts,  that  planted  thee, 

Hath  pronounced  evil  against  thee, 

For  the  evil  of  the  house  of  Israel  and  of  the  house  of  Judah, 

Which  they  have  done  against  themselves 

To  provoke  me  to  anger  in  offering  incense  unto  Baal. 

IS  And  the  Lord  hath  given  me  knowledge  of  it,  and  I  know  it : 

Then  thou  showedst  me  their  doings. 

19  But  I  was  like  a  lamb  or  an  ox  that  is  brought  to  the  slaughter  ; 
And  I  knew  not  that  they  had  devised  devices  against  me,  saying, 
"  Let  us  destroy  tthe  tree  with  the  fruit  thereof, 

And  let  us  cut  "him  off  from  the  land  of  the  living. 
That  his  name  may  be  no  more  remembered." 

20  But,  O  Lord  of  hosts,  that  judgest  righteously, 
That  '"triest  the  reins  and  the  heart, 

Let  me  see  thy  vengeance  on  them,  for  unto  thee  have  I  revealed 
21  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  [my  cause. 

Of  the  men  of  Anathoth,  that  seek  thy  life,  saying, 
"  Prophesy  not  in  the  name  of  the  Lord, 
That  thou  die  not  by  our  hand  :  " 

22  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
Behold,  I  will  *punish  them  : 

The  young  men  shall  die  by  the  sword ; 

Their  sons  and  their  daughters  shall  die  by  famine : 

23  And  there  shall  be  no  remnant  of  them  ; 

For  I  will  bring  evil  upon  the  men  of  Anathoth, 
Even  "the  year  of  their  visitation. 

1  Righteous  art  thou,  O   Lord,  when  I   plead   with   Jeremiah  xii. 
thee  : 
Yet  let  me  f  talk  with  thee  of  thy  judgments : 
Wherefore  "doth  the  way  of  the  wicked  prosper  ? 
Wherefore  are  all  they  happy  that  deal  very  treacherously  ? 

2  Thou  hast  planted  them— yea,  they  have  taken  root : 
They  tgrow — yea,  they  bring  forth  fruit : 


872         THE  PEOPLE  REMINDED  OF  THE  COVENANT  OF  JOSIAH.     [Period  VI. 


p  Is.  29.  13.  Mat. 
15.  8.  Ma.  7.  6. 


•  Heb.  wilh  due. 
g  Ja.  5.  5. 


■f  Or,  they  cried 
after  thee  fully. 

r  Pr.  26.  25. 

J  Heb.  good 
tilings. 


t  Or,  yellctli.. 
Heb.  giveth  out 
his  voice. 

X  Or,  having 
talons. 


Or,  Cause  them 


s  he.  26.  16.  Mic. 
6.  15.  Hag.  1.  G. 


t  Or,  ye. 


V  Eph.  2.  20,  21. 
1  I'e.  2.  5. 


Thou  ^art  near  in  their  mouth, 

And  far  from  their  reins. 

But  thou,  O  Lord,  knowest  me ; 

Thou  hast  seen  me,  and  tried  my  heart  *toward  thee  : 

Pull  thein  out  like  sheep  for  the  slaughter, 

And  prei)are  them  for  'the  day  of  slaughter. 

How  long  shall  the  land  mourn. 

And  the  herbs  of  every  field  wither, 

For  the  wickedness  of  them  that  dwell  therein  ? 

The  beasts  are  consumed,  and  the  birds ; 

Because  they  said,  "  He  shall  not  see  our  last  end." 

^  If  thou  hast  run  with  the  footmen,  and  they  have  wearied  thee, 
Then  how  canst  thou  contend  with  horses  ? 

And  if  in  the  land  of  peace,  wherein  thou  trustedst,  they  wearied  thee, 
Then  how  wilt  thou  do  in  the  swelling  of  Jordan  ? 
For  even  thy  brethren,  and  the  hou.se  of  thy  father, 
Even  they  have  dealt  treacherously  with  thee  ; 
Yea,  tthey  have  called  a  multitude  after  thee : 
Believe  '^them  not,  though  they  speak  I  fair  words  unto  thee. — 

'  I  have  forsaken  my  house, 
I  have  left  my  heritage  ; 

I  have  given  *the  dearly  beloved  of  my  soul  into  the  hand  of  her 
My  heritage  is  unto  me  as  a  hon  in  the  forest ;  [enemies. 

It  fcrieth  out  against  me  : 
Therefore  have  I  hated  it. 
My  heritage  is  unto  me  as  a  tspeckled  bird, 
The  birds  round  about  are  against  her  ; 
Come  ye,  assemble  all  the  beasts  of  the  field, 
*Come  to  devour  ! 

Many  pastors  have  destroyed  my  vineyard, 
They  have  trodden  my  portion  under  foot. 
They  have  made  my  t pleasant  portion  a  desolate  wilderness. 
They  have  made  it  desolate. 
And  being  desolate  it  mourneth  unto  me ; 
The  whole  land  is  made  desolate, 
Because  no  man  layeth  it  to  heart. 

The  spoilers  are  come  upon  all  liigh  places  through  the  wilderness : 
For  the  sword  of  the  Lord  shall  devour 

From  the  one  end  of  the  land  even  to  the  other  end  of  the  land : 
No  flesh  shall  have  peace. 

They  'have  sown  wheat — but  shall  reap  thorns  : 
They  have  put  themselves  to  pain — but  shall  not  profit: 
And  tthey  shall  be  ashamed  of  your  revenues 
Because  of  the  fierce  anger  of  the  Lord. 

•^  Thus  saith  the  Lord 
Against  all  mine  evil  neighbours, 

That  touch  the  inheritance  which  I  have  caused  my  people  Israel  to 
Behold,  I  will  'pluck  them  out  of  their  land,  [inherit; 

And  pluck  out  the  house  of  Judah  from  among  them. 
And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  after  that  I  have  plucked  them  out, 
I  will  return, and  have  compassion  on  them,  "and  will  bring  them  again, 
Every  man  to  his  heritage,  and  every  man  to  his  land. 
And  it  shall  come  to  pass. 

If  they  will  diligently  learn  the  ways  of  my  people. 
To  swear  by  my  name,  The  Lord  liveth  ; 
As  they  taught  my  people  to  swear  by  Baal ; 
Then  shall  they  be  "built  in  the  midst  of  my  people. 


Part  XVIL] 


THE  REIGN  OF  JEHOAHAZ. 


873 


i  Is.  GO.  12.        17  But  if  ti,ey  will  not  "obey, 

I  will  utterly  pluck  up  and  destroy  that  nation,  saith  the  Lord. 


SECT.     XI. 


A.   M.  3394. 
B.  C.  610. 


;  Je.  46.  2. 
■  Heb.  house. 


•f  Heb.  tlie  house 
of  mij  war. 


SSolKi.  ^.  34. 


X  Heb.  mOfde  sick. 


*  Or,  among  the 

sepulchres. 
c  Zee.  ]2.  11. 
d  2  Ki.  18.  5. 


e2Ki.2].  11, 
12.  Je.  15.  4. 
■f  Heb.  angers. 

/2  Ki.  17.  18,  20. 

&  18.  11.  &21. 

13. 
g  La.  4.  20. 
h  See  Mat.  9.  23. 

i  Je.  22.  20. 

X  Heb.  kindnesses. 


Section  XI. —  The  Death  of  Josiah. 


2  Chkon.  XXXV.  20-24. 


-2  Kings  xxiii.  25-27. — 2  Chron.  x.xxv.  25,  to  the  end. — 2  Kings 
xxiii.  28,  29,  part  of  30. 

23  After  "all  this,  when  Josiah  had  prepared  the  *temple,  Necho 
king  of  Egypt  came  up  to  fight  against  Charchemish  by  Euphrates : 
and' Josiah  went  out  against  him.  -'But  he  sent  ambassadors  to  him, 
saying,  "  What  have  I  to  do  with  thee,  thou  king  of  Judah  ?  I  come 
not  against  thee  this  day,  but  against  tthe  house  wherewith  I  have  war  ; 
for  God  commanded  me  to  make  haste  :  forbear  thee  from  meddling 
with  God,  who  is  with  me,  that  he  destroy  thee  not."  ^2  Nevertheless 
Josiah  would  not  turn  his  face  from  him,  but  'disguised  himself,  that 
he  might  fight  with  him,  and  hearkened  not  unto  the  words  of  Necho 
from  the  mouth  of  God,  and  came  to  fight  in  the  valley  of  Megiddo. 
23  And  the  archers  shot  at  king  Josiah  ;  and  the  king  said  to  his  servants, 
"Have  me  away;  for  I  am  sore  twounded."  ^^  His  servants  therefore 
took  him  out  of  that  chariot,  and  put  him  in  the  second  chariot  that 
he  had  ;  and  they  brought  him  to  Jerusalem,  and  he  died,  and  was 
buried  *in  one  of  the  sepulchres  of  his  fathers.  And 
^all  Judah  and  Jerusalem  mourned  for  Josiah.  ^s  And  "hke  ^^il^"^""''''- 
unto  him  was  there  no  king  before  him,  that  turned  to  the 
Lord  with  all  his  heart,  and  with  all  his  soul,  and  with  all  his  might, 
according  to  all  the  Law  of  Moses  ;  neither  after  him  arose  there  any 
like  him.  "^  Notwithstanding  the  Lord  turned  not  from  the  fierceness 
of  his  great  wrath,  wherewith  his  anger  was  kindled  against  Judah,  'be- 
cause of  all  the  f  provocations  that  Manasseh  had  provoked  him  withal. 
27 And  the  Lord  said,  "  I  will  remove  Judah  also  out  of  my  sight,  as 
^I  iiave  removed  Israel,  and  will  cast  oft' this  city  Jerusalem  which  I  have 
chosen,  and  the  house  of  which  I  said,  '  My  name  shall  be  there.'  " 

25  And  Jeremiah  "'lamented  for  Josiah:  and  ''all  the  2Chron.  xxxv. 
singing  men  and  the  singing  women  spake  of  Josiah  in  ^^'^°  '^«  «'*'^- 
their  lamentations  to  this  day,  and  'made  them  an  ordinance  in  Israel : 
and,  behold,  they  are  written  in  The  Lamentations. 

26  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Josiah,  and  his  tgoodness,  according 
to  that  which  was  written  in  the  Law  of  the  Lord,  2^  and  his  deeds, 
first  and  last,  behold,  they  are  written  in  The  Book  of  the  Kings  of 
Israel  and  Judah. 

2  Kings  xxiii.  28,  29,  part  of  ver.  30.—^  Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  of  Josiah,  and  all  that 
he  did,  are  they  not  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Judah  ? 

29  In  his  days  Pharaoh-nechoh  king  of  Egypt  went  up  against  the  king  of  Assyria  to 
the  river  Euphrates  ;  and  king  Josiah  went  against  him  ;  and  he  slew  him  at  Megiddo, 
when  he  had  seen  him.  ^u  And  his  servants  carried  him  in  a  chariot  dead  from  Megiddo, 
and  brought  him  to  Jerusalem,  and  buried  him  in  his  own  sepulchre. 


M.  3394. 
C.  610. 


PART     XVII. 

THE   REIGN   OF   JEHOAHAZ. 

2  Kings  xxiii.  part  of  30,  and  3]-3o.— 2  Chron.  xxxvi.  1-4. 

3"  AND  the  people  of  the  land  took  Jehoahaz  the  son  of  Josiah,  and 

*  cMedShaiium,  anoiutcd  him,  and  made  him  king  in  his   father's   stead.  ^'  ''Jehoahaz 

22. 11.'"    ■  ^'    was  twenty  and  three  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign  ;  and  he  reigned 

three  months  in  Jerusalem.     And  his  mother's  name  was  Hamutal,  the 

daughter  of  Jeremiah  of  Libnah.  ^-  And  he  did  that  lohich  toas  evil  in 

VOL.    I.  110 


S14  THE  REIGN  OF  JEHOIAKIM..  [Period  VI. 

the  sight  of  the  Lord,  according  to  all  that  his  fathers  had  done.  ^^  And 
Pharaoh-nechoh  put  him   in   bands  at  Riblah  in  the  land  of  Haniath, 
^^'^^f/r"^''"     ^^^'i^^  *^®  might  not  reign  in  Jerusalem  ;  and  tput  the  land  to  a  tribute  of 
tndb.sftamukt  au   liundrcd   talents  of  silver,  and  a  talent  of  gold.  ^^  And  Pharaoh 
upuu  tue  laiui.      neclioh  made  Eliakim  the  son  of  Josiah  king  in  the  room  of  Josiah  his 
a  See  a  Ki.  24.      father,  and  "turned  his  name  to  ''Jehoiakim,  and  took  Jehoahaz  away; 
6  Mat. T.  II,        ^^"<^  ^^  came  to   Egypt,  and  died  there.  ^^  And  Jehoiakim  gave  the 
called  ja;.-,m.^      silver  and  the  gold  to  Pharaoh  ;  but  he   ta.xcd  the   land  to  give  the 
'ez!  19. 3, 4.'"     money  according  to  the  commandment  of  Pharaoh  :  he  exacted  the  sil- 
ver and  the  gold  of  the  peo[)le  of  the  land,  of  every  one  according  to 
his  taxation,  to  give  it  unto  Pharaoh-nechoh. 

2  CuRON.  xxxvi.  1-4. — 'Then  the  people  of  the  land  took  Jehoahaz  the  son  of  Josiah, 
and  made  him  king  in  his  father's  stead  in  Jerusalem.  ^  Jehoahaz  was  twenty  and  three 
years  old  when  he  began  to  reign  ;  and  he  reigned  three  months  in  Jerusalem.  ^  And  the 
king  of  Egypt  put  him  down  at  Jerusalem,  and  condemned  the  land  in  an  hundred  talents 
of  silver  and  a  talent  of  gold.  '  And  the  king  of  Egypt  made  Eliakim  his  brother  king 
over  Judah  and  Jerusalem,  and  turned  his  name  to  Jehoiakim.  And  Necho  took  Jehoa- 
haz, his  brother,  and  carried  him  to  Egypt. 


PART    XVIII. 

THE   REIGN  OF  JEHOIAKIM. 


5ECT.  r.  Section    I. — Accession  of  Jehoiakim. 

2  Kings  .x.^iii.  36,  37. 

3405.  2^  JEHOIAKIM  was  twenty  and  five  years  old  when  he  began  to 

•  '^■gg/"'"     reign  ;  and  he  reigned  eleven  years  in  Jerusalem.     And  his  mother's 

—  name  was  Zebudah,  the  daughter  of  Pedaiah  of  Rumah.  ^^  And  he 
did  that  which  teas  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  according  to  all  that 
his  fathers  had  done. 


A.  M.   3395. 
B.  C.  609. 


Section  II. —  Various  Predictions  and  Appeals  to  the  Jews  hij  the  Prophet 
Jeremiah,  declaring  the  Certainty  of  their  Captivity,  and  the  Destruction 
of  Jerusalem  ; — Pashur  smites  Jeremiah  therefor  ; — Jeremiah  prophesies  his 

Pate. 

§  1. — Jekemiah  xiii.-xx.(^3) 

In  the  type  of  a  linen  girdle,  hidden  at  Euphrates,  God  prefigurelh  the  drstruction  of  his  people.  12 
Under  the  parahle  of  the  bottles  Jil/ed  with  wine,  heforetelleth  their  drunkenness  in  misery.  \o  He 
exhorttth  to  prevent  their  future  /ud^-ments.  22  lie  slwweth  their  abominations  are  the  cause 
thereof. 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  unto  me,  Go  and  get  thee  a  linen  girdle, 
and  put  it  upon  thy  loins,  and  put  it  not  in  water.  ^  So  I  got  a  girdle 

C^)  These  chapters  are  all   referred  to  the  com-  ruin  of  the  Jews,  in  the  type  of  the  prophet  being 

mencement  of  the  reign  of  Jehoiakim  by  Dr.  Blay-  forbidden  to  marry  and  to  feast;  and,  immediately 

ney  and  Lightfoot.     Chapter  xiii.  foretells  th(?  utter  afterwards,  he  announces  their  future  restoration, 

destruction  that  was  to  fall  on  the  whole  Jewish  J4,  15,  as  well   as  the   conversion  of  the  Gentiles, 

nation,  under  two  symbols,  a  linen  girdle  left  to  K!-21  ;  accompanied  with  a  severe  reproof  of  the 

rot,  and   the  breaking  of  bottles  filled  with  wine,  Jews  for   their   too   great   reliance   on   human  aid, 

xiii.  1-14.     An  exhortation  to  humiliation  and  re-  xvii.  1-18.     From  1!>-27,  contains  a  prophecy  con- 

pentance  is  subjoined,  ver.  lii-21  ;  and  their  incor-  cerning  the  strict  observance  of  the  Sabbatli  day, 

rjtrible  wickedness   and  profligacy  are   assigned  as  which  Jeremiah  was  connnanded  to  proclaim  aloud 

thl;  cause  of  all  the  evils  that  awaited  them,  22-27.  in  all  the  gates  of  Jerusalem,  as  a  matter  that  con- 

The  particular  mention  of  the  downfall  of  the  king  cerned  the  conduct  of  each  individual,  and  the  gen- 

an<l  queen   in  tlio    18th  verse,  Dr.  Blayney  thinks,  cral  happiness  of  the  whole  nation, 
will  justify'  the  opinion  which   ascribes  this  proph-         Chap,   xviii.  1-10,  shows,  under  the   tyjjc   of  a 

ecy   to    the    cominencenicnt    of  the    reign    of  Je-  potter,  God's  absolute  authority   over  nations  and 

hoiakiin,  whose   fate,  with   that  of  his  queen,  is,  in  kingdoms,  to  alter  and   regulate  their  condition  at 

like  manner,  noticed  tou-ether  in  chap.  xxii.  18.  his  own  |)leasure.     The  prophet  is  then  directed  to 

Ch:ip.  xiv.  predi 'ts  a  severe  famine,  to  punish  the  exhort  th(>  Jews  to  avert  their  impending  dangers 

Jews  for  their  sins,  but  which  does  not  brinir  them  by  repentance   and   reformation,  and,  on  their  re- 

to    repentance,  xiv.   1-22;    and    announces    God's  fusal,    to    predict   their    destruction,    11-17.     The 

peremptory  d-cree   to  destroy  Judah,  unliss  they  Jews   conspiring  against   him.   Jeremiah   implores 

should    speedily    repent,    xv.  ,1-0.     The    prophet,  judgment  against  them,  18-23.     Under  the  type  of 

complaining-  that  he  is  become  an  object  of  hatred  breaking  a  potter's  vessel,  is  foretold  the  desolation 

bv  ii-nson  of  his  office,  receives  a  promise  of  divine  of  the  Jews  for  their  sins,  xix. — Vide  Home's  Crit- 

prolection.  10-21.  ical  Introduction. 

In  the  xvith  chapter  (1-13)  is  predicted  the  utter 


Part  XVIIl.]  JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS. 


S75 


•  Or,  stubborii- 


b  Ex.  19.  5. 


cl3.  51.  17,21. 

&63.  6. 
t  Heb.  a  man 

atraiitst  his 

leather. 


X  Heb.  From  de 
stroying  them. 


e  Is.  5.  30.  &  8. 
22.  Am.  8.  9. 

/Is.  59.  9. 

g  Sec  Job  3.  5. 


iSee2Ki.24.12 
Je.  22.  26. 

*  Or,  head  tires. 


according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord,  and  put  it  on  my  loins.  ^  And  the 
word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me  the  second  time,  saying,  lake 
the  oirdle  that  thou  hast  got,  which  is  upon  thy  loins,  and  arise,  go  to 
Euphrates,  and  hide  it  there  in  a  hole  of  the  rock.  ^  So  I  went,  and 
hid  it  by  Euphrates,  as  the  Lord  commanded  me.  ^  And  it  came  to 
pass  after  many  days,  that  the  Lord  said  unto  me.  Arise  go  to  Eu- 
phrates, and  take  the  girdle  from  thence,  which  I  commanded  thee  to 
hide  there.  ^  Then  I  went  to  Euphrates,  and  digged,  and  took  the 
girdle  from  the  place  where  I  had  hid  it:  and,  behold,  the  girdle  was 
marred,  it  was  profitable  for  nothing.  «Then  the  word  of  the  Lord 
came  unto  me,  saying, — 
9  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  .  t   j  u 

After  this  manner  "will  I  mar  the  pride  of  Judah, 

And  the  great  pride  of  Jerusalem. 

10  This  evil  people,  which  refuse  to  hear  my  words, 
Which  walk  in  the  *  imagination  of  their  heart, 
And  walk  after  other  gods, 

To  serve  them,  and  to  worship  them. 

Shall  even  be  as  this  girdle,  which  is  good  for  nothing. 

11  For  as  the  girdle  cleaveth  to  the  loins  of  a  man. 

So  have  I  caused  to  cleave  unto  me  the  whole  house  of  Israel 

And  the  whole  house  of  Judah,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

That  ^they  might  be  unto  me  for  a  people, 

And  for  a  name,  and  for  a  praise,  and  for  a  glory  : 

But  they  would  not  hear. 

12  Therefore  thou  shalt  speak  unto  them  this  word ; 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel, 
Every  bottle  shall  be  filled  with  wine : 

And  they  shall  say  unto  thee,  ,    „ ,     ^„    ,     -.u     •      :» 

Do  we  not  certainly  know  that  every  bottle  shall  be  filled  with  wine  ? 

13  Then  shalt  thou  say  unto  them.  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Behold,  I  will  fill  all  the  inhabitants  of  this  land. 
Even  the  kings  that  sit  upon  David's  throne. 

And  the  priests,  and  the  prophets, 

And  all  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  Vith  drunkenness. 

14  And  I  will  dash  them  tone  against  another, 

Even  the  fathers  and  the  sons  together,  saith  the  Lord  : 

I  will  not  pity,  nor  spare,  nor  have  mercy, 

tBut  destroy  them. 

15  Hear  ye,  and  give  ear  ! 

Be  not  proud — for  the  Lord  hath  spoken. 
16  Give  "glory  to  the  Lord  your  God, 

Before  he  cause  'darkness. 

And  before  your  feet  stumble  upon  the  dark  mountains, 

And,  while  ye  -^look  for  light, 

He  turn  it  into  'the  shadow  of  death,  and  make  it  gross  darkness. 
"  But  if  ye  will  not  hear  it, 

My  soul  shall  weep  in  secret  places  for  your  pride  ; 

And  'mine  eye  shall  weep  sore,  and  run  down  with  tears, 

Because  the  Lord's  flock  is  carried  away  captive. 
i«  Say  unto  'the  king  and  to  the  queen, 

Humble  yourselves,  sit  down  : 

For  your  *principalities  shall  come  down. 

Even  the  crown  of  your  glory. 
19  The  cities  of  the  South  shall  be  shut  up. 

And  none  shall  open  them : 


876 


JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VI. 


X  Or,  shall  be 
viulently  taken 
away. 

*  Heb.  taught. 


tLa.  1.8.  Ez. 
Iti.  37.  Ho.  2. 
10. 


■f  Heb.  after  when 
yef! 


§2. 


Judah  shall  be  carried  away  captive — all  of  it. 

It  shall  be  wholly  carried  away  captive. 
^^  Lift  up  your  eyes,  and  behold  them  that  come  from  the  North  : 

Where  is  the  flock  that  was  given  thee — thy  beautiful  flock  ? 
\H^h.vi^itupon.  21  What  wilt  thou  say  when  he  shall  f  punish  thee  ? 

(For  thou  hast  taught  them  to  be  captains,  and  as  chief  over  thee ;) 

Shall  not  sorrows  take  thee,  as  a  woman  in  travail  ? 
'^  And  if  thou  say  in  thy  heart. 

Wherefore  come  these  things  upon  me  ? 

For  the  greatness  of  thine  iniquity  are  thy  skirts  discovered,  and 
thy  heels  tmade  bare. 
^^  Can  the  Ethiopian  change  his  skin,  or  the  leopard  his  spots? 

Then  may  ye  also  do  good,  that  are  *accustomed  to  do  evil. 
^■^  Therefore  will  I  scatter  them  as  the  stubble 

That  passeth  away  by  the  wind  of  the  wilderness. 
^^  This  •'is  thy  lot,  the  portion  of  thy  measures  from  me,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Because  thou  hast  forgotten  me,  and  trusted  in  falsehood. 
2^  Tiierefore  *^will  I  discover  thy  skirts  upon  thy  face, 

That  thy  shame  may  appear. 
2''  I  have  seen  thine  adulteries,  and  thy  neighings, 

The  lewdness  of  thy  whoredom, 

And  thine  abominations  on  the  hills  in  the  fields. 

Woe  unto  thee,  O  Jerusalem  ! 

Wilt  thou  not  be  made  clean  ? — twhen  shall  it  once  be  ? 

§  2. — Jeremiah  xiv.  and  xv. 
The  vrieroits  famine  7  causeth  Jeremiah  to  pray.  10  The  Lord  ivill  not  be  entreated  for  the  people. 
13  Lyin<:  jn-oplifts^  are  no  excuse  for  them.  17  Jeremiah  is  moved  to  complain  for  them.  —  Chap. 
XV.  1  Thr'  iithr  nfrlion  and  manifold  judgments  of  the  Jews.  10  Jeremiah,  complaining  of  their 
spite,  n  i-.ii-rlh  ,1  I'ldinisefor  himself  12  and  a  threatening  for  them.  15  He  praijeth,  19  and  re- 
ceivelh  a  graciutis  promise. 

^  The  Word  of  the  Lord  that   came  to   Jeremiah   concerning 
*THE   Dearth. 
^  Judah  mourneth,  and  the  gates  thereof  languish  ; 

They  are  black  unto  the  ground  ; 

And  "the  cry  of  Jerusalem  is  gone  up. 
^  And  their  nobles  have  sent  their  little  ones  to  the  waters  : 

They  came  to  the  pits,  and  found  no  water ; 

They  returned  with  their  vessels  empty  ; 

They  were  ashamed  and  confounded, 

And  'covered  their  heads. 
■*  Because  the  ground  is  chapt. 

For  there  was  no  rain  in  the  earth, 

The  ploughmen  were  ashamed. 

They  covered  their  heads. 
^  Yea,  the  hind  also  calved  in  the  field, 

And  forsook  it,  because  there  was  no  grass. 
^  And  the  wild-asses  did  stand  in  the  high  places, 

They  snufted  up  the  wind  like  dragons  ; 

Their  eyes  did  fail,  because  there  was  no  grass. 
^  O  Lord,  though  our  iniquities  testify  against  us, 

Do  thou  it  for  thy  name's  sake  : 

For  our  backslidings  are  many  ; 

We  have  sinned  against  thee. 
^  O  the  Hope  of  Israel !  the  Saviour  thereof  in  time  of  trouble ! 

Why  shouldest  thou  be  as  a  stranger  in  the  land. 

And  as  a  wayfaring  man  that  turneth  aside  to  tarry  for  a  night? 
^  Why  shouldest  thou  be  as  a  man  astonished. 

As  a  mighty  man  that  cannot  save  ? 


•  Heb.  the  icorda 
of  the  dearths, 
or,  restraints. 


1  See  1  Sa.  5.  12. 


Part  XVIII.]  JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.        877 


f  Heb.  thy  name 
is  called  upon  us. 
Da.  9.  18,  19. 

d  See  Je.  2.  23- 
25. 


e  Ho.  8.  13.  &  9. 
9. 


/Ex.  32.  10. 

g-  Is.  58.  3.  See 
Job  27.  9. 


I  Heb.  peace  of 
truth. 


ft  La.  1.16.  &  2. 
18. 


*  Or,  Make  mer- 
chandise against 
a  land,  and  men 
acknoiclcdire  it 
not,  Je.  5." 31. 


t  Ps.  106.  6.  Da, 
9.8. 


j  Ps.  74.  2,  20.  & 

106.  45. 
k  Zee.  10.  1,  2. 
/De.  32.  21. 

VOL.  I 


Yet  thou,  O  Lord,  'art  in  the  midst  of  us. 
And  twe  are  called  by  thy  name — leave  us  not. 

^o  Thus  saith  the  Lord  unto  this  people, 
Thus  "have  they  loved  to  wander. 
They  have  not  refrained  their  feet. 
Therefore  the  Lord  doth  not  accept  them  ; 
He  'will  now  remember  their  iniquity, 
And  visit  their  sins. 

11  Then  said  the  Lord  unto  me. 

Pray  -^not  for  this  people  for  their  good. 

12  When  ^they  fast,  I  will  not  hear  their  cry  ; 

And  when  they  offer  burnt  offering  and  an  oblation,  I  will  not  ac- 
But  I  will  consume  them  by  the  sword,  [cept  them : 

And  by  the  famine,  and  by  the  pestilence. 

13  Then  said  I,  Ah,  Lord  God  ! 
Behold,  the  prophets  say  unto  them, 

"  Ye  shall  not  see  the  sword,  neither  shall  ye  have  famine  ; 
But  I  will  give  you  tassured  peace  in  this  place." 
1"*  Then  the  Lord  said  unto  me, 

The  prophets  prophesy  lies  in  my  name  : 

I  sent  them  not,  neither  have  I  commanded  them, 

Neither  spake  unto  them  : 

They  prophesy  unto  you  a  false  vision  and  divination, 

And  a  thing  of  nought,  and  the  deceit  of  their  heart. 

15  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord 

Concerning  the  prophets  that  prophesy  in  my  name,  and  I  sent  them 
Yet  they  say,  "  Sword  and  famine  shall  not  be  in  this  land  ; "  [not, 
By  sword  and  famine  shall  those  prophets  be  consumed. 

16  And  the  people  to  whom  they  prophesy 
Shall  be  cast  out  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem 
Because  of  the  famine  and  the  sword  ; 
And  they  shall  have  none  to  bury  them. 

Them,  their  wives,  nor  their  sons,  nor  their  daughters  : 

For  I  will  pour  their  wickedness  upon  them. 
I''  Therefore  thou  shalt  say  this  word  unto  them  ; 

Let  ''mine  eyes  run  down  with  tears  night  and  day, 

And  let  them  not  cease  ; 

For  the  virgin  daughter  of  my  people  is  broken 

With  a  great  breach,  with  a  very  grievous  blow. 
18  If  I  go  forth  into  the  field — 

Then  behold  the  slain  with  the  sword  ! 

And  if  I  enter  into  the  city — 

Then  behold  them  that  are  sick  with  famine  ! 

Yea,  both  the  prophet  and  the  priest 

*Go  about  into  a  land  that  they  know  not. 
13  Hast  thou  utterly  rejected  Judah  ? 

Hath  thy  soul  loathed  Zion  ? 

Why  hast  thou  smitten  us,  and  there  is  no  healing  for  us  ? 

We  looked  for  peace — and  there  is  no  good  ! 

And  for  the  time  of  healing — and  behold  trouble  ! 

20  We  acknowledge,  O  Lord,  our  wickedness, 
And  the  iniquity  of  our  fathers  : 

For  'we  have  sinned  against  thee. 

21  Do  not  abhor  us,  for  thy  name's  sake. 
Do  not  di.sgrace  the  throne  of  thy  glory  : 
-'Remember — break  not  thy  covenant  with  us.  [rain? 

22  Are  ''there  any  among  the  'vanities  of  the  Gentiles  that  can  cause 

3v 


878 


JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VI. 


m  Job  38.  28.  Pa. 
135.  7.  &  147.  8 
Is.  30.  23. 


n  Lp.  26.  16,  &.e. 
t  Heb.  families. 


X  Heb.  I  will  site 
tkcm  fur  a  re- 
moving, 

pDe.  28.  25.  Ez. 
23.  46. 

9  2Ki.21.11,i:c. 
&  23.  26.  &  24. 
3,4. 

•  Heb.  of  thy 
peace. 


t  Or,  ichatsoever 
is  dear. 


X  Or,  the  mother 
city  a  young-  man 
spoiling,  ^-c.  or, 
against  Vie 
mother  and  the 
young  men. 


•  Or,  /  mill  en- 
treat the  enemy 
for  thee. 

r  Je.  39.  II,  12. 
&.  40.  4,  5. 


Or  can  the  heavens  give  showers  ? 
Art  ""not  thou  he.  O  Lord  our  God  ? 
Therefore  we  will  wait  upon  thee  ; 
For  thou  hast  made  all  the.se  things. 

^  Then  said  the  Lord  unto  me,  Jeremiah  it. 

Though  Moses  and  Samuel  stood  before  me, 
Yet  my  mind  could  not  be  toward  this  people  : 
Cast  them  out  of  my  sight,  and  let  them  go  forth. 
^  And  it  shall  come  to  pa.ss, 
If  they  say  unto  thee,  Whither  shall  we  go  forth  ? 
Then  thou  shalt  tell  them,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Such  as  are  for  death — to  death  ; 
And  such  as  are  for  the  sword — to  the  sword  ; 
And  such  as  are  for  the  famine — to  the  famine  ; 
And  such  as  are  for  the  captivity — to  the  captivity. 
2  And  I  will  "appoint  over  them  four  tkinds,  saith  the  Lord  : 
The  sword  to  slay,  and  the  dogs  to  tear. 
And  "the  fowls  of  the  heaven,  and  the  beasts  of  the  earth. 
To  devour  and  destroy. 
^  And  \l  will  cause  them  to  be  ^removed  into  all  kingdoms  of  the  earth, 
Because  of  'Manasseh  the  son  of  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah, 
For  that  which  he  did  in  Jerusalem. 

^  For  who  shall  have  pity  upon  thee,  O  Jerusalem  ? 
Or  who  shall  bemoan  thee  ? 
Or  who  shall  go  aside  to  ask  *how  thou  doest  ? 
^  Tiiou  hast  forsaken  me,  saith  the  Lord, 
Thou  art  gone  backward  : 

Therefore  will  I  stretch  out  my  hand  against  thee,  and  destroy  thee  ; 
I  am  weary  with  repenting. 
'  And  I  will  fan  them  with  a  fan  in  the  gates  of  the  land  ; 
I  will  bereave  them  of  ichildren,  I  will  destroy  my  people, 
Since  they  return  not  from  their  ways. 
^  Their  widows  are  increased  to  me  above  the  sand  of  the  seas  : 
I  have  brought  upon  them  against  Jthe  mother  of  the  young  men 
A  spoiler  at  noonday  : 

I  have  caused  him  to  fall  upon  it  suddenly,  and  terrors  upon  the  city. 
^  She  that  hath  borne  seven  languisheth  : 
She  hath  given  up  the  ghost ; 
Her  sun  is  gone  down  while  it  was  yet  day : 
She  hath  been  ashamed  and  confounded  : 
And  the  residue  of  them  will  I  dehver  to  the  sword 
Before  their  enemies,  saith  the  Lord. 

^°  Woe  is  me,  my  mother, 
That  thou  hast  borne  me  a  man  of  strife 
And  a  man  of  contention  to  the  whole  earth ! 
I  have  neither  lent  on  usury,  nor  men  have  lent  to  me  on  usury  ; 
Yet  every  one  of  them  doth  curse  me. 
^^  The  Lord  .said.  Verily  it  shall  be  well  with  thy  remnant ; 
Verily  *I  will  cause  "^the  enemy  to  entreat  thee  well 
In  the  time  of  evil  and  in  the  time  of  affliction.  i 

^2  Shall  iron  break  the  northern  iron  and  the  steel  ?  «f 

^^  Thy  substance  and  thy  treasures  will  I  give  to  the  spoil 

Without  price,  and  that  for  all  thy  sins,  even  in  all  thy  borders. 
'*  And  I  will  make  thee  to  pass  with  thine  enemies 
Into  a  land  which  thou  knowest  not : 
For  'a  fire  is  kindled  in  mine  anger,  which  shall  burn  upon  you. 

^^  O  Lord,  thou  knowest :  remember  me. 
And  visit  me,  and  revenge  me  of  my  persecutors ; 


t  Ez.  3.  1,  3.  Re. 

10.  9,  10. 
u  Job  23.  12.  Ps. 
119.  72,  111. 


Part  XVIII.]  JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.        879 

Take  me  not  away  in  thy  long-suffering : 
Know  that  for  thy  sake  I  have  suffered  rebuke. 
1'''  Thy  words  were  found,  and  I  did  'eat  them  ; 

And  "thy  word  was  unto  me  the  joy  and  rejoicing  of  my  heart: 
For  tl  am  called  by  thy  name,  O  Lord  God  of  hosts. 

17  I  "sat  not  in  the  assembly  of  the  mockers,  nor  rejoiced ; 
I  sat  alone  because  of  thy  hand  ; 
For  thou  hast  filled  me  with  indignation. 

18  Why  is  my  pain  perpetual,  ,     ,      i  j  :> 
And  my  wound  incurable,  which  refuseth  to  be  healed  i 
Wilt  thou  be  altogether  unto  me  as  a  liar, 
And  as  waters  that  tfail  ? 

'^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord, 
If  "thou  return,  then  will  I  bring  thee  again, 
And  thou  shalt  stand  before  me  : 
And  if  thou  take  forth  the  precious  from  the  vile, 
Thou  shalt  be  as  my  mouth  : 
Let  them  return  unto  thee  ; 
But  return  not  thou  unto  them. 

20  And  1  will  make  thee  unto  this  people  a  fenced  brazen  wall : 
And  they  shall  fight  against  thee,  but  they  shall  not  prevail  against 

thee :  ,  •  ,     i     t 

For  I  am  with  thee  to  save  thee  and  to  deliver  thee,  saith  the  Lord. 

21  And  I  will  deliver  thee  out  of  the  hand  of  the  wicked, 
And  I  will  redeem  thee  out  of  the  hand  of  the  terrible. 


■  §  3.— Jeremiah  xvi.  and  xvii. 

Jeremiah,  under  the  types  of  abstaining  from  ^^rriage,  from  houses  of  mournm^^^^^ 

foreslmceth  the  uttlr  rui/i  of  the  Jews,  10  becm.se  they  were  ^«orsethanthei,  ff^'Jj  J* /j^]' 

covenant  in  hallowing  the  Sabbath. 

1  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  also  unto  me,  saying, — 

2  Thou  shalt  not  take  thee  a  wife, 

Neither  shalt  thou  have  sons  nor  daughters  in  this  place. 

3  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  . 
Concerning  the  sons  and  concerning  the  daughters  that  are  born  m 
And  concerning  their  mothers  that  bare  them,                    [this  place, 
And  concerning  their  fathers  that  begat  them  in  this  land ; 

4  They  shall  die  of  grievous  deaths  ;  ,     ,      •    , 
They  shall  not  be  lamented  ;  neither  shall  they  be  buried ; 
But  they  shall  be  as  dung  upon  the  face  of  the  earth : 
And  they  shall  be  consumed  by  the  sword,  and  by  famine  ; 
And  their  carcasses  shall  be  meat 

For  the  fowls  of  heaven,  and  for  the  beasts  of  the  earth. 

5  For  thus  saith  the  Lord, 
ox,mourning         Enter  uot  iuto  the  house  of  *mourning. 

Neither  go  to  lament  nor  bemoan  them  ;  .  ,     ,     t 

For  I  have  taken  away  my  peace  from  this  people,  saith  the  Lord, 
Even  loving-kindness  and  mercies. 

6  Both  the  great  and  the  small  shall  die  in  this  land  : 
They  shall  not  be  buried,  neither  shall  men  lament  for  them, 
Nor  "cut  themselves,  nor  ''make  themselves  bald  for  them  : 

Or  weaicwend     '  Noithcr  shall  mcn  ttear  themselves  for  them  in  mourmng, 
\or'tha,Z'^s  E/,.        To  couifort  them  for  the  dead  ; 
leeDe.'se:  H.'-       Neither  shall  men  give  them  the  cup  of  consolation  to    drmk 

Job42.  II.  —  .      .       ^      .  ,-         -1      • ^1 

cPr.  31.  6,7 


feast 


aLe.  19. 
b  Is.  22. 


Job 42.  II.  p^^  ^j^^.^  ^^^j^gj.  ^j.'Yor  their  mother. 


880 


JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VI. 


d  Is.  24.  7,  8. 
Ez.  -21^.  13.  Ho. 
2.  11.  Re.  18. 


I  Or,  stuhbom- 


/De.  4.  26-23. 
iL  28.  3t5,  ro-Go. 


o-  Je.  24.  6.  &  30. 
3.  Jit.  32.  37. 


i  See  Job  14.  16. 


j  Is.  40.  2. 


k  U.  37.  19.  Gal. 


I  Ex.  15.  3.  Am. 

5.8. 

*  Or,  .TF.rro- 

VAH.  Pa.  83. 18. 
f  Heb.  nail, 
m  Pr.  3.  3.  2  Co. 


^  Thou  shalt  not  also  go  into  the  house  of  feasting, 

To  sit  with  them  to  eat  and  to  drink. 
"  For  thus  .saith  the  Lord  of  liosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 

Behold,  "I  will  cause  to  cease  out  of  this  place 

In  your  eyes,  and  in  your  days, 

The  voice  of  mirth,  and  the  voice  of  gladness, 

The  voice  of  the  bridegroom,  and  the  voice  of  the  bride. 

^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  when  thou  shalt  show  this  people  all 
these  words,  and  they  shall  say  unto  thee,  Wherefore  'hath  the  Lord 
pronounced  all  this  great  evil  against  us  ?  or  what  is  our  iniquity  ?  or 
what  is  our  sin  that  we  have  committed  against  the  Lord  our  God  ? 
'^Then  shalt  thou  say  unto  them. 

Because  your  fathers  have  forsaken  me,  saith  the  Lord, 

And  have  walked  after  other  gods, 

And  have  served  them,  and  have  worshipped  them, 

And  have  forsaken  me,  and  have  not  kept  my  law  ; 
^2  And  ye  have  done  worse  than  your  fathers  ; 

For,  behold,  ye  walk  every  one  after  the  limagination  of  his  evil 

That  they  may  not  hearken  unto  me :  [heart, 

^3  Therefore  Avill  I  cast  you  out  of  this  land 

Into  a  land  that  ye  know  not,  neither  ye  nor  your  fathers ; 

And  there  shall  ye  serve  other  gods  day  and  night; 

Where  I  will  not  show  you  favor. 

^^  Therefore,  behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  it  shall  no  more  be  said,  '■  The  Lord  liveth, 

That  brought  up  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt ; " 
^5  But,  The  Lord  liveth. 

That  brought  up  the  children  of  Israel  from  the  land  of  the  north, 

And  from  all  the  lands  whither  he  had  driven  them : 

And  ^I  will  bring  them  again  into  their  land 

That  I  gave  unto  their  fathers. 

^^  Behold,  I  will  send  for  many  ''fishers,  saith  the  Lord, 

And  they  shall  fish  them  ; 

And  after  will  I  send  for  many  hunters. 

And  they  shall  hunt  them  from  every  mountain, 

And  from  every  hill,  and  out  of  the  holes  of  the  rocks. 
^"^  For  'mine  eyes  arc  upon  all  their  ways : 

They  are  not  hid  from  my  face, 

Neither  is  their  iniquity  hid  from  mine  eyes. 
^^  And  first  I  will  recompense  their  iniquity  and  their  sin  ^double ; 

Because  they  have  defiled  my  land, 

They  have  filled  mine  inheritance  with  the  carcasses 

Of  their  detestable  and  abominable  things. 
^^  O  Lord,  my  strength,  and  my  fortress, 

And  my  refuge  in  the  day  of  affliction. 

The  Gentiles  shall  come  unto  thee  from  the  ends  of  the  earth. 

And  shall  say.  Surely  our  fathers  have  inherited  lies,  vanity, 

And  things  wherein  there  is  no  profit. 
-"  Shall  a  man  make  gods  unto  himself. 

And  '■'they  are  no  gods  ? 
-^  Therefore,  behold,  I  will  this  once  cause  them  to  know, 

I  will  cause  them  to  know  my  hand  and  my  might; 

And  they  shall  know  that  'my  name  is  *The  Lord. 
^  The  sin  of  Judah  is  written  with  a  pen  of  iron,  Jkremiah  xvii. 

And  witli  the  tpoint  of  a  diamond  : 

It  is  '"graven  upon  the  table  of  their  heart, 

And  upon  IJic  horns  of  vour  altars ; 


Part  XVIII.]  JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.        881 

2  Whilst  their  children  remember  their  altars  and  their  groves 
By  the  green  trees  upon  the  higli  hills. 

3  O  my  mountain  in  the  field, 

I  will  give  thy  substance  and  all  thy  treasures  to  the  spoil, 
And  thy  high  places  for  sin,  throughout  all  thy  borders. 
X  Heb.  m  thyself.    4  ^,^^1  thou,  cvcn  tthysclf,  shalt  discontinue 
From  thy  heritage  that  I  gave  thee  ; 
And  I  will  cause  thee  to  serve  thine  enemies 
In  the  land  which  thou  knowest  not : 
For  ye  have  kindled  a  fire  in  mine  anger, 
Which  shall  burn  for  ever. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
„is.3o.  1,2.  &         Cursed  "be  the  man  that  trusteth  in  man, 
0  See  Is.  31. 3.  And  iiiakcth  "flesh  his  arm. 

And  whose  heart  departeth  from  the  Lord  ! 
6  For  he  shall  be  like  the  heath  in  the  desert, 
p  Job  20. 17.  ^j^(j  ^shall  not  see  when  good  cometh  ; 

But  shall  inhabit  the  parched  places  in  the  wilderness, 
g  De.  29. 23.  j,^  i^  g^U  land  and  not  inhabited. 

'"s'&Vw^^^     ^  Blessed  Is  the  man  that  trusteth  in  the  Lord, 
And  whose  hope  the  Lord  is  ! 
For  he  shall  be  'as  a  tree  planted  by  the  waters, 
And  that  spreadeth  out  her  roots  by  the  river, 
And  shall  not  .see  when  heat  cometh. 
But  her  leaf  shall  be  green  ; 
Or,  restraint.         ^jj^l  gj^all  uot  bc  carcful  iu  thc  year  of  *drought, 
Neither  shall  cease  from  yielding  fruit. 

^  The  heart  is  deceitful  above  all  things, 
And  desperately  wicked — who  can  know  it  ? 


146.5.  Pr.  16.20 
Is.  30.  18. 
s  Job  8.  16.  Ps. 
1.  3. 


S^ch'i'g'  Ps.    ^°  I  t'^®  Lord  'search  the  heart, 

7.  Q.'p'r.'n".  3.' 
Ro.  8.  27.  Re.  2. 
23. 
M  See  Job  34.  11. 


y:.ung 
hat  It  II 
furlh. 


I  try  the  reins, 

"To  give  every  man  according  to  his  ways, 
And  according  to  the  fruit  of  his  doings. 
As  the  partridge  f  sitteth  on  eggs,  and  hatcheth  them  not ; 
So  he  that  getteth  riches,  and  not  by  right. 
Shall  leave  them  in  the  midst  of  his  days, 
»Lu.  12.20.  And  at  his  end  shall  be  "a  fool. 

^'^  A  glorious  high  throne  from  the  beginning 
Is  the  place  of  our  sanctuary. 
"  O  Lord,  the  Hope  of  Israel, 
«, Ps. 73. 27. Is.         All  "that  forsake  thee  shall  be  ashamed, 
x&Z'-Ln  10  "0        And  they  that  depart  from  me  shall  be  ^vritten  in  the  earth, 

Because  they  have  forsaken  the  Lord,  the  fountain  of  living  waters. 

1"  Heal  me,  O  Lord,  and  I  shall  be  healed  ; 
Save  me,  and  I  shall  be  saved : 
For  thou  art  my  praise. 
15  Behold,  they  say  unto  me, 
;,  is.^5. 19.  Ez.  a  Where  'is  the  word  of  the  Lord  ?  let  it  come  now." 

K.f?t^'.t     16  As  for  me,  I  have  not  hastened  from  being  a  pastor  Uo  follow  thee : 
XiUh.afL^thee.        Neither  have  I  desired  the  woful  day  ; 

Thou  knowest  that  which  came  out  of  my  lips  was  right  before  thee. 
1'^  Be  not  a  terror  unto  me  : 

Thou  art  my  hope  in  the  day  of  evil. 
18  Let  them  be  confounded  that  persecute  me, 
But  let  not  me  be  confounded  : 
Let  them  be  dismayed, 
But  let  not  me  be  dismayed  : 
VOL.   I.  Ill  3v* 


882  JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS,     [Pkriod  VI. 


Bring  upon  them  the  day  of  evil, 

And  ''destroy  them  witli  double  destruction. 


*  Heb.  break 
them  with  a  d/u 

bu breach.  i^Thus  Said  the  Lord   unto  me;    Go  and  stand  in  the   gate   of 

the  children  of  the  peo})le,  whereby  the  kings  of  Judah  come  in,  and 
by  the  which  they  go  out,  and  in  all  the  gates  of  Jerusalem  ;  -°  and 
say  unto  them,  Hear  ye  the  word  of  the  Lord,  ye  kings  of  Judah, 
and  all  Judah,  and  all  the  inhabitants  of   Jerusalem,  that   enter   in  by 


'  ^'""  ?5^;  3-2,\c.  these  gates  !    -'  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ;    Take  'heed  to  yourselves,  and 


Nu. 


a  Ex.  iO.  8.  &  23, 
12.  &.  31.  13.  Ez, 
20.  12. 


Nell.  13. 19.  bear  no  burden  on  the  Sabbath  day,  nor  bring  it  in  by  the  gates  of 
Jerusalem  ;  --neither  carry  forth  a  burden  out  of  your  houses  on  the 
Sabbath  day,  neither  do  ye  any  work,  but  hallow  ye  the  Sabbath  day 
as  "I  commanded  your  fathers  :  -^  but  they  obeyed  not,  neither  inclined 
their  ear,  but  made  their  neck  stift',  that  they  might  not  hear,  nor  receive 
instruction. 

2*  And  it  shall  come  to  pass. 

If  ye  diligently  hearken  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord, 

To  bring  in  no  burden  through  the  gates  of  this  city  on  the  Sabbath 

But  hallow  the  Sabbath  day,  to  do  no  work  therein  ;  [day, 

^^  Then  shall  there  enter  into  the  gates  of  this  city 

Kings  and  princes  sitting  upon  the  throne  of  David, 

Riding  in  chariots  and  on  horses, 

They,  and  their  princes. 

The  men  of  Judah,  and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem : 

And  this  city  shall  remain  for  ever. 
^^  And  they  shall  come  from  the  cities  of  Judah, 

And  from  the  places  about  Jerusalem, 

And  from  the  land  of  Benjamin,  and  from  the  plain, 

And  from  the  mountains,  and  from  the  south, 

Bringing  burnt  offerings,  and  sacrifices, 

And  meat  offerings,  and  incense, 
^no-.'n.'^"'*'  And  bringing  ''sacrifices  of  praise,  unto  the  house  of  the  Lord. 

-■^  But  if  ye  will  not  hearken  unto  me 

To  hallow  the  Sabbath  day,  and  not  to  bear  a  burden. 

Even  entering  in  at  the  gates  of  Jerusalem  on  the  Sabbath  day  ; 
'/:'4,7.'io,i^&       Then  'will  I  "kindle  a  fire  in  the  gates  thereof, 

And  ''it  shall  devour  the  palaces  of  Jerusalem, 

And  it  shall  not  be  quenched. 


2.  2,  5. 

«f2Ki.  25.  9.  Je 
52.  13. 


§4. 


§  4. — Jeremiah  xviii. 

Under  the  tijpe  of  a  potter  is  showed  God's  absolute  power  in  disposing  of  nations.     11  Judgments 
threatened  to  Judah  for  her  strange  revolt.     18  Jeremiah  piatjeth  against  his  conspirators. 

^  The  word  which  came  to  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  saying, — 

-  Arise,  and  go  down  to  the  potter's  house,  and  there  I  will 
cause  thee  to  hear  my  words.  ^  Then  I  went  down  to  the  potter's 
house,  and,  behold,  he  wrought  a  work  on  the  *wheels.  ''Aiid  the 
\  Or,  that  he  made  vcsscl  fthat  lic  uiade  of  clay  was  marred  in  the  hand  of  the  potter:  so 
he  tmade  it  again  another  vessel,  as  seemed  good  to  the  potter  to  make 
it.  ^Then  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  me,  saying, — 

O  house  of  Israel,  "cannot  I  do  witli  you  as  this  potter?  saith 
"21); ! L  ^' ""■  ^'       I^ehold,  ''as  the  clay  is  in  the  potter's  hand,  [the  Lord. 

6is.  64. 8.  So  are  ye  in  my  hand,  O  house  of  Israel  ! 

"^  At  what  instant  I  shall  speak  concerning  a  nation,  and  concerning  a 
To  pluck  up,  and  to  pull  down,  and  to  destroy  it ;  [kingdom, 

'sa^iL  ■  ^''  *"       ^  ^^  '^'^^t  uation,  against  whom  I  have  pronounced,  turn  from  their  evil, 
(/jo.mh  3.  10.  I  ''will  repent  of  the  evil  that  1  thought  to  do  unto  them. 

^  And  at  what  instant  I  shall  speak  concerning  a  nation. 
And  concerning  a  kingdom,  to  build  and  to  plant  it ; 


Or,/r. 


V)a.i  mar  red,  «,s 
claij  in  the  lutnd 
of  the  putter. 
J  Heb    relnrnrd  g 

and  made. 


Part  XVIIL]  JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS. 


8S3 


«  2  Ki.  27.  13. 


/I  Co.  5.1. 


♦  Or,  myficUsfor 
a  rack,  or  for  the 
snov  of  Leba- 
non! shall  the 
running  waters 
beforsakenfor 
the  strange  cold 
waters! 


g  1  Ki.  9.  8.  La. 
2.  15.  Mic.  B.  IG 


h  he.  10.  11.  Mai 

2.  7.  Jo.  7.  48, 


t  Or,  for  the 
tomrue. 


I  Pa.  109.  4,  5. 


J  Heb.  pour  them 
out. 


'  Heb.  for  death 


10  If  it  do  evil  in  my  sight,  that  it  obey  not  my  voice, 

Then  I  will  repent  of  the  good,  wherewith  I  said  I  would  benefit  them. 
11  Now  therefore  go  to,  speak  to  the  men  of  Judah, 

And  to  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  saying,  Thus  saith  the  Lord; 

Behold,  I  frame  evil  against  you, 

And  devise  a  device  against  you  : 

Return  'ye  now  every  one  from  his  evil  way, 

And  make  your  ways  and  your  doings  good. 
12  And  they  said,  There  is  no  hope  : 

But  we  will  walk  after  our  own  devices, 

And  we  will  every  one  do  the  imagination  of  his  evil  heart. 
1^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Ask  -^ye  now  among  the  heathen, 

Who  hath  heard  such  things  :  ., ,      ,  • 

The  virgin  of  Israel  hath  done  a  very  horrible  thing. 

14  Will  a  man  leave  *the  snow  of  Lebanon,  which  cometh  from  the  rock 

of  the  field  ?  .  .,  i        u 

Or  shall  the  cold  flowing  waters  that  come  from  another  place  be 

15  Because  my  people  hath  forgotten  me,  they  have  burned  incense  to 

And  they  have'Lsed  them  to  stumble  in  their  ways  from  the  ancient 

To  walk  in  paths,  in  a  way  not  cast  up  ;  .  ^pa    s» 

i«  To  make  their  land  desolate,  and  a  perpetual    hissing  ; 

Every  one  that  passeth  thereby  shall  be  astonished,  and  wag  his  head. 
1'  I  will  scatter  them  as  with  an  east  wind  before  the  enemy  ; 

I  will  show  them  the  back,  and  not  the  face,  in  the  day  of  their 
IB  Then  said  they,  ^         .  .  [calamity. 

Come,  and  let  us  devise  devices  against  Jeremiah  ; 
•       For  Hhe  law  shall  not  perish  from  the  priest. 

Nor  counsel  from  the  wise, 

Nor  the  word  from  the  prophet. 

Come,  and  let  us  smite  him  twith  the  tongue, 

And  let  us  not  give  heed  to  any  of  his  words. 
19  Give  heed  to  me,  O  Lord,  , 

And  hearken  to  the  voice  of  them  that  contend  with  me. 

20  Shall  'evil  be  recompensed  for  good  ? 
For  they  have  digged  a  pit  for  my  soul. 

Remember  that  I  stood  before  thee  to  speak  good  for  them, 
And  to  turn  away  thy  wrath  from  them. 

21  Therefore  deliver  up  their  children  to  the  famine. 
And  tpour  out  their  blood  by  the  force  of  the  sword ; 
And  let  their  wives  be  bereaved  of  their  children,  and  be  widows  ; 
And  let  their  men  be  put  to  death  ;  •     ,       i 

Let  their  young  men  be  slain  by  the  sword  in  battle. 

22  Let  a  cry  be  heard  from  their  houses, 

When  thou  shalt  bring  a  troop  suddenly  upon  them  : 

For  they  have  digged  a  pit  to  take  me, 

And  hid  snares  for  my  feet.  >  ,        ■     .        #.      i„,.  ^^  • 

23  Yet,  Lord,  thou  knowest  all  their  counsel  against  me    to  slay  me . 
Forgive  not  their  iniquity, 

Neither  blot  out  their  sin  from  thy  sight, 
But  let  them  be  overthrown  before  thee  ; 
Deal  thus  with  them  in  the  time  of  thine  anger. 


884 


JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VI. 


aJo3.  15.  8.  2Ki, 
23.  10. 
*  Heh.  the  sim 


USa.  3.  11. 

2Ki.  21.  12. 
c  Be.  28.  20.  I3. 

65.  11. 

<i2  Ki.  21.  16. 


/Le.  26.  17. 
g  Pa.  79.  2. 


h  Le.  26.  29.  Is. 
9.  20.  La.  4.  10. 


i  So  Je.  51.  6.^, 
frl. 


t  Heb.  healed. 


1 2  Ki.  23.  12. 
Zep.  1.  5. 


i  That  is,  Fear 
round  about,  Ps. 
31.  13. 


§  5. — Jeremiah  xis.  and  xx. 

Under  the  type  of  breaking  a  potter's  vessel  is  foreshoxoed  the  desolittion  of  the  Jeiosfor  their  sim. 

Chap.  XX.  I  Pashur,  smiling  Jeremiah,  receivelh  a  new  name,  and  a  fearful  doom.     1  Jeremiah 
complaineth  of  contempt,  10  of  treachery,  14  and  of  his  birth. 

^■Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Go  and  get  a  potter's  earthen  bottle,  and 
take  of  the  ancients  of  the  people,  and  of  the  ancients  of  the  priests  ; 
^and  go  forth  unto  "the  Valley  of  the  Son  of  Hinnom,  which  is  by  the 
entry  of  *the  east  gate,  and  proclaim  there  the  words  that  I  shall  tell 
thee,  ^and  say, — 

Hear  ye  the  word  of  the  Lord,  O  kings  of  Judah,  and  inhabit- 
ants of  Jerusalem  ;  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 
Behold,  I  will  bring  evil  upon  this  place,  the  which  whosoever  heareth, 
his  ears  shall  Hingle.  ^  Because  they  'have  forsaken  me,  and  have  es- 
tranged this  place,  and  have  burned  incense  in  it  unto  other  gods, 
whom  neither  they  nor  their  fathers  have  known,  nor  the  kings  of 
Judah,  and  have  tilled  this  place  with  "the  blood  of  innocents;  ^they 
have  built  also  the  high  places  of  Baal,  to  burn  their  sons  with  fire  for 
burnt  offerings  unto  Baal,  'which  I  commanded  not,  nor  spake  it, 
neither  came  it  into  my  mind  :  ^  therefore,  behold,  the  days  come, 
saith  the  Lord,  that  this  place  shall  no  more  be  called  "  Tophet,"  nor 
"  The  Valley  of  the  Son  of  Hinnom,"  but  "  The  Valley  of  Slaughter." 
"  And  I  will  make  void  the  counsel  of  Judah  and  Jerusalem  in  this 
place  ;  ^and  I  will  cause  them  to  fall  by  the  sword  before  their  enemies, 
and  by  the  hands  of  them  that  seek  their  lives  :  and  their  "'carcasses 
will  I  give  to  be  meat  for  the  fowls  of  the  heaven,  and  for  the  beasts 
of  the  earth.  ^  And  I  will  make  this  city  desolate,  and  a  hissing  ;  every 
one  that  passeth  thereby  shall  be  astonished  and  hiss  because  of  all 
the  plagues  thereof.  ^  And  I  will  cause  them  to  eat  the  ''flesh  of  their 
sons  and  the  flesh  of  their  daughters,  and  they  shall  eat  every  one  the 
flesh  of  his  friend  in  the  siege  and  straitness,  wherewith  their  enemies, 
and  they  that  seek  their  lives,  shall  straiten  them.  ^°  Then  'shalt  thou 
break  the  bottle  in  the  sight  of  the  men  that  go  with  thee,  ^^  and  shalt 
say  unto  them, — 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts ;  Even  ^so  will  I  break  this  people 
and  this  city,  as  one  breaketh  a  potter's  vessel,  that  cannot  be  tmade 
whole  again  :  and  they  shall  bury  them  in  Tophet,  till  there  be  no  place 
to  bury.  ^~  Thus  will  I  do  unto  this  place,  saith  the  Lord,  and  to  the 
inhabitants  thereof,  and  even  make  this  city  as  Tophet:  ^^and  the 
houses  of  Jerusalem,  and  the  houses  of  the  kings  of  Judah,  shall  be 
defiled  ''as  the  j)lace  of  Tophet,  because  of  all  the  houses  upon  whose 
'roofs  they  have  burned  incense  unto  all  the  host  of  heaven,  and  have 
poured  out  drink  offerings  unto  other  gods. 

^■*  Then  came  Jeremiah  from  Tophet,  whitlier  the  Lord  had  sent 
him  to  prophesy  ;  and  he  stood  in  "the  court  of  the  Lord's  house  ; 
and  said  to  all  the  people,  '^Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God 
of  Israel  ;  Behold,  I  will  bring  upon  this  city  and  upon  all  her  towns 
all  the  evil  that  I  have  pronounced  against  it,  because  they  have  hard- 
ened their  necks,  that  they  might  not  hear  my  words. 

^  Now  Pashur  the  son   of  "Immer  the  priest  (who  was  Jekkmiah  xx. 
also  chief  governor  in    the  house   of    the    Lord)    heard 
that  Jeremiah  prophesied  these  things.  -  Then  Pashur  smote  Jeremiah 
the  prophet,  and  put  him  in  the  stocks  that  were  in  the  high  gate  of 
Benjamin,  which  was  by  the  house  of  the  Lord. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  on  the  morrow,  that  Pashur  brought  forth 
Jeremiah  out  of  the  stocks.  Then  said  Jeremiah  unto  him,  ''  The 
LoKi)  hath  not  called  thy  name  Pashur,  but  tMagor-missabib.  "*  For 
thus  saith  the  Lord,  Behold,  I  will  make  thee  a  terror  to  thyself,  and 


Part  XVIII.]  JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  CAPTIVITY  OF  THE  JEWS.        8S5 

to  all  tl.y  friends :  and  they  shall  fall  by  the  sword  of  their  enemies 
and  thine  eyes  shall  behold  it :  and  I  will  give  all  Judah  into  the  hand 
of  the  kino-  of  Babylon,  and  he  shall  carry  them  captive  mto  Babylon, 

ooKi.2o.i7.&    and  shall  stay  them  with  the  sword.  ^Moreover  "l  will  deliver  all  the 

^ii:;''-^''-  strenoth  of  this  city,  and  all  the  labors  thereof,  and  all  the  precious 
thinal  thereof,  and  all  the  treasures  of  tiie  kings  of  Judah  will  I 
crive'into  the  hand  of  their  enemies,  which  shall  spoil  them,  and 
?ake  them,  and  carry  them  to  Babylon.  «  And  thou,  Pashur  and  all 
that  dwell  in  thy  house,  shall  go  into  captivity  ;  and  tliou  shalt  come 
to  Babylon,  and  there  thou  shalt  die,  and  shalt  be  buried  there,  thou, 
and  all  my  friends,  to  whom  thou  hast  prophesied  lies." 

*  Or,  enticed.  7  Q  LoRD,  thou  liast  dcccivcd  mc,  and  I  was  ^deceived: 

Thou  art  stronger  than  I,  and  hast  prevailed  : 

p La.  3. 14.  J  P^^  j,^  derision  daily,  every  one  mocketh  me. 

8  For  since  I  spake,  I  cried  out, 
I  cried  violence  and  spoil ; 

Because  the  word  of  the  Lord  was  made 
A  reproach  unto  me,  and  a  derision,  daily. 

9  Then  I  said,  "  I  will  not  make  mention  of  him. 
Nor  speak  any  more  in  his  name." 

But  his  word  was  in  my  heart  as  a  burning  fire  shut  up  in  my  bones, 
5  Job  32. 13  Ac.        ^j^jj  J  ^^g  weary  with  "forbearing,  and  'I  could  not  stay. 

'^'  ^'  10  For  I  heard  the  defaming  of  many,  fear  on  every  side. 

"Report,"  say  they,  "  and  we  will  report  it." 

^Heh.  Everyman       f  AH  my  familiars  watched  for  my  halting,  saying, 

iTg.Trii.t       "  Peradventure  he  will  be  enticed,  and  we  shall  prevail  against  him, 

n'lbl  m!''  ^"'       And  we  shall  take  our  revenge  on  him." 

11  But  the  Lord  is  with  me  as  a  mighty  terrible  one : 
Therefore  my  persecutors  shall  stumble— and  they  shall  not  prevail : 
They  shall  be  greatly  ashamed— for  they  shall  not  prosper : 
Their  everlasting  confusion  shall  never  be  forgotten. 

12  But,  O  Lord  of  hosts,  that  triest  the  righteous, 
And  seest  the  reins  and  the  heart, 

Let  me  see  thy  vengeance  on  them  : 
For  unto  thee  have  I  opened  my  cause. 

13  Sing  unto  the  Lord,  praise  ye  the  Lord  :  ,      ,      j     f 
rPs.3.5.9,10.  &       For 'he  hath   delivered  the   soul   of   the  poor  from   the  hand  ot 

evildoers. 
14  Cursed  be  the  day  wherein  I  was  born ! 
Let  not  the  day  wherein  my  mother  bare  me  be  blessed  ! 
15  Cursed  be  the  man  who  brought  tidings  to  my  father,  saying, 
"  A  man  child  is  born  unto  thee  ;  " 
Makino;  him  very  glad  ! 
sGe.  19.25.        16  And  let  that  man  be  as  'the  cities  which  the  Lord  overthrew, 
And  repented  not ! 

And  let  him  hear  the  cry  in  the  morning. 
And  the  shouting  at  noontide  ! 
i'^  Because  he  slew  me  not  from  the  womb  ; 

Or  that  my  mother  might  have  been  my  grave, 
And  her  womb  to  be  always  great  with  me. 
t La.  3.1.  18  Wherefore  came  I  forth  out  of  the  womb  to  'see  labor  and  sorrow. 

That  my  days  should  be  consumed  with  shame  ? 


886  THE  FATE  OF  SHALLUM  AND  JEHOIAKIM  PREDICTED.     [Period  VJ. 


SECT.  III. 
A.  M.   3395. 


*  Heb.  for  David 
upon  his  throne. 


a  Heb.  6.  13,  17. 


6  De.  29.  94,  25. 


c  2  Ki.  22.  17. 
2  Ch.  34.  25. 


e  See  1  Ch.  3.  15, 
with  2 Ki. 23. 30. 


Section'  III. — Jeremiah's  Prcdietion  of  the  Fate  of  ShaUitm  and  Jehoiakim. 
Jekemiaii  .\.xii.  1-23. <^^) 

'  Thus    saith   the   Lord  ;  Go  down   to   the   house  of  the  king  of 
Judah,  and  speak  there  this  word,  -and  say, — 

Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  O  king  of  Judah, 

That  sittest  upon  the  throne  of  David,  thou,  and  thy  servants, 

And  thy  people  that  enter  iji  by  tliese  gates  ! 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

E.xecute  ye  judgment  and  righteousness, 

And  dehver  the  spoiled  out  of  the  hand  of  the  oppressor  ; 

And  do  no  wrong,  do  no  violence 

To  the  stranger,  the  fatherless,  nor  the  widow, 

Neither  shed  innocent  blood  in  this  place. 
"•  For  if  ye  do  this  thing  indeed. 

Then  shall  there  enter  in  by  the  gates  of  this  house 

Kings  sitting  *upon  the  throne  of  David, 

Riding  in  chariots  and  on  horses, 

He,  and  his  servants,  and  his  people. 
^  But  if  ye  will  not  liear  these  words, 

I  "swear  by  myself,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  this  house  shall  become  a  desolation. 

^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  unto  the  king's  house  of  Judah  ; 

Thou  art  Gilead  unto  me,  and  tlie  head  of  Lebanon  : 

Yet  surely  I  will  make  thee  a  wilderness, 

And  cities  which  are  not  inhabited. 
'  And  I  will  prepare  destroyers  against  thee, 

Every  one  with  his  weapons : 

And  they  shall  cut  down  thy  choice  cedars, 

And  cast  them  into  the  fire. 
^  And  many  nations  shall  pass  by  this  city. 

And  they  shall  say  every  man  to  his  neighbour, 

Wherefore  'hath  the  Lord  done  thus  unto  this  great  city  ? 
^  Then  they  shall  answer, 

Because  'they  have  forsaken  the  covenant  of  the  Lord  their  God, 

And  vvorshi{)ped  other  gods,  and  served  them. 
^"  Weep  ye  not  for  ''the  dead, 

Neither  bemoan  him  : 

But  weep  sore  for  him  that  goeth  away  ; 

For  he  shall  return  no  more. 

Nor  see  his  native  country. 
^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord 

Touching  'Shallum  the  son  of  Josiah  king  of  Judah, 

Which  reigned  instead  of  Josiah  his  father, 

Which  Avent  forth  out  of  this  place  ; 

He  shall  not  return  thither  any  more  : 

But  he  siiall  die  in  the  place  whither  they  have  led  him  captive, 


And  shall  see  this  land  no 


more. 


(*'')  The  first  part  ofthis  chapter  contains  a  propho-  captivity  of  Shallum  is  declared  irreversible,  (ver. 
cy  which  was  evidently  delivered  in  the  reign  of  Je-  10-12)  and  from  13  to  19  Jehoiakim  is  severely 
hoiakim,  as  it  refers  to  the  captivity  of  his  immediate  reproved  for  his  tyranny  and  oppression,  and  hia 
predecessor,  and  foretells  this  king's  death,  (ver.  miserable  death  foretold.  "  Weep  not  for  the  dead  " 
18.)  The  latter  part  of  the  chapter  is  inserted,  for  a  (ver.  10),  refers  to  Josiah,  who  was  mortally  wound- 
similar  reason,  in  the  reign  of  Jehoiachin  ;  as  it  pre-  ed  at  Megiddo,  fighting  against  Necho,  (2  Chron. 
diets  the  decease  of  that  monarch.  This  chapter  xx.\v.  22,  24.)  The  king,  after  having  made 
commences  with  an  address  to  the  king,  his  ser-  Shallum,  or  Jehoahaz,  his  prisoner,  takes  him  to 
vants,  and  people,  recommending  an  inviolable  Eirypt,  establishes  Jehoiakim  his  brother  on  the 
adherence  to  right  and  justice,  as  the  only  means  throne  of  Judah,  and  exacts  tribute  from  him. — 
of  establishing  the  throne  of  David,  and  of  jjre-  Hales  ;  Home, 
venting  the  ruin  both  of  prince  and  people.     The 


Part  XVIIL] 


JEREMIAH  THREATENS  THE  JEWS. 


887 


g-2Ki.a3.  35. 


ALe.  19.  13.  Mic. 

3.  JO.   (Jul).  2.  9. 

Ja.  5.  4. 
t  Heb.  tlirou'T-h- 

aired. 
\  Or,  my  icinUows. 


Or,  incursion. 


ftSeelKi.  13.30. 


Fulfilled,  B.  C.      19 


1 2  Ch.  36.  6. 


■f  Heb.  prosperi- 
ties. 


X  Heh.inhabitre 

a  Or,  pitiable.- 
Ed. 


a  Ez.  3.  10.  Mat. 

28.  -30. 
b  Ac.  20.  27. 


c  Le.  2!i.  14,  &c. 


^^  Woe  ^unto  him  that  buildeth  his  house  by  unrighteousness, 

And  his  chambers  by  wrong  ; 

That  ''useth  his  neighbour's  service  without  wages, 

And  giveth  him  not  for  his  work  ; 
"  That  saith,  I  will  build  me  a  wide  house  and  tlarge  chambers, 

And  cutteth  him  out  twindows  ; 

And  it  is  ceiled  with  cedar,  and  painted  with  vermilion. 
^^  Shalt  thou  reign,  because  thou  closest  thyself  in  cedar? 

Did  'not  thy  father  eat  and  drink. 

And  do  judgment  and  justice, 

And  then  ^it  was  well  with  him  ? 
1*^  He  judged  the  cause  of  the  poor  and  needy ; 

Then  it  was  well  with  him  : 

Was  not  this  to  know  me  ?  saith  the  Lord. 
i''  But  thine  eyes  and  thy  heart  are  not 

But  for  thy  covetousness,  and  for  to  shed  innocent  blood, 

And  for  oppression,  and  for  *violence,  to  do  it. 
^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord 

Concerning  Jehoiakim  the  son  of  Josiah  king  of  Judah  ; 

They  shall  not  lament  for  him,  saying, 

Ah  ''my  brother !   or.  Ah  sister  ! 

They  shall  not  lament  for  him,  saying. 

Ah  lord  !  or,  Ah  his  glory  ! 

He  'shall  be  buried  with  the  burial  of  an  ass, 

Drawn  and  cast  forth  beyond  the  gates  of  Jerusalem. 
^°  Go  up  to  Lebanon,  and  cry  ; 

And  lift  up  thy  voice  in  Bashan,  and  cry  from  the  passages: 

For  all  thy  lovers  are  destroyed. 
-^  I  spake  unto  thee  in  thy  fprosperity  ; 

But  thou  saidst,  I  will  not  hear. 

This  hath  been  thy  manner  from  thy  youth, 

That  thou  obeyedst  not  my  voice. 
2^  The  wind  shall  eat  up  all  thy  pastors. 

And  thy  lovers  shall  go  into  captivity  :  [edness. 

Surely  then  shall  thou  be  ashamed  and  confounded  for  all  thy  wick- 
23  O  linhabitant  of  Lebanon,  that  makest  thy  nest  in  the  cedars. 

How  ^gracious  shalt  thou  be  when  pangs  come  upon  thee. 

The  pain  as  of  a  woman  in  travail ! 

Section    IV. — Jeremiah   threatens   the  Jews  with  the  Destruction  of  their 
Temple  and  City  unless  they  repent ; — His  apprehension  and  arraignment. 

Jeremiah  xxvi.<'^' 

1  In  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Jehoiakim  the  son  of  Josiah  king 
of  Judah  came  this  word  from  the  Lord,  saying, — -  Thus  saith  the 
Lord;  Stand  in  the  court  of  the  Lord's  house,  and  speak  unto^all 
the  cities  of  Judah,  which  come  to  worship  in  the  Lord's  house,  "all 
the  words  that  I  command  thee  to  speak  unto  them  ;  Miminish  not  a 
word  :  ^if  so  be  they  will  hearken,  and  turn  every  man  from  his  evil 
way,  that  I  may  repent  me  of  the  evil,  which  I  purpose  to  do  unto 
them  because  of  the  evil  of  their  doings.  '^  And  thou  shalt  say  unto 
them.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  If  'ye  will  not  hearken  to  me,  to  walk 
in  my  law,  which  I  have  set  before  you,  ^  to  hearken  to  the  words  of 
my  servants  the  prophets,  (whom  I  sent  unto  you,  both  rising  up  early, 

Jeremiah  is  directed  to  foretell  the  destruction  of 
the  temple  and  city  of  Jerusalem,  without  a  speedy 
repentance  and  reformation  ;  on  which  account  he 
is  apprehended  and  accused  before  the  council. 


(65)  As  this  chapter  is  dated  (ver.  1.)  in  the  be- 
pinnintT  of  the  reign  of  Jehoiakim,  it  has  been  there- 
fore supposed  by  commentators  to  precede  the  25th, 
which  contams  the  prophecy  of  the  captivity  given 
in  the  fourth  year  of  that  king.      In  it  (vor.  1-6.) 


888  APPREHENSION  AND  ARRAIGNMENT  OF  JEREMIAH.     [Period  VI. 

and  sending  them,  but  ye  have  not  hearkened ;)  ^  then  will  I  make 
dig.  65. 15.  ^i^ij^  house  like  Shiloh,  and  will  make  this  city  ''a  curse  to  all  the  na- 

tions of  the  earth. 

"  So  the  priests  and  the  prophets  and  all  the  people  heard  Jeremiah 
speaking  these  words  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.  ^  Now  it  came  to  pass, 
when  Jeremiali  had  made  an  end  of  speaking  all  that  the  Lord  had 
commanded  him  to  speak  unto  all  the  people,  that  the  priests  and  the 
prophets  and  all  the  people  took  him,  saying,  •'  Thou  shalt  surely  die. 
"  Why  hast  thou  prophesied  in  the  name  of  the  Lord,  saying,  '  This 
house  shall  be  like  Shiloh,  and  this  city  shall  be  desolate  without  an 
inhabitant  ? '  " 

And  all  the  people  were  gathered  against  Jeremiah  in  the  house  of 

the  Lord.  ^'^  When  the  princes  of  Judah  heard  these  things,  then  they 

came  up  from  the  king's  house  unto  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  sat 

*  Or,  at  the  door.   (Jqwu   *in  the  cutxy  of  the  new  gate  of  the  Lord's  house.  ^^Then 

spake  the  priests  and  the  prophets  unto  the  princes  and  to  all  the  peo- 

^mJiuo/dtJvfit  pie,  saying,  "  tThis  man  is  worthy  to  die  ;  for  he  hath  prophesied 

for tiii.i man.       against  this  city,  as  ye  have  heard  with  your  ears." 

^^  Then  spake  Jeremiah  unto  all  the  princes  and  to  all  the  people, 
saying,  "  The  Lord  sent  me  to  prophesy  against  this  house  and  against 
this  city  all  the  words  that  ye  have  heard.  ^^  Therefore  now  amend 
your  ways  and  your  doings,  and  obey  the  voice  of  the  Lord  your  God  ; 
and  the  Lord  will  repent  him  of  the  evil  that  he  hath  pronounced 
^glodandri^tin  ^o3.inst  you.  ^**  As  for  me,  behold,  I  am  in  your  hand  :  do  with  me  tas 
your  eyes. "  scometh  good  aud  meet  unto  you.  ^^  But  know  ye  for  certain,  that  if 
ye  put  me  to  death,  ye  shall  surely  bring  innocent  blood  upon  your- 
selves, and  upon  this  city,  and  upon  the  inhabitants  thereof;  for  of  a 
truth  the  Lord  hath  sent  me  unto  you  to  speak  all  these  words  in 
your  eai"s." 

^^  Then  said  the  princes  and  all  the  people  unto  the  priests  and  to 
the  prophets  ;  "  This  man  is  not  worthy  to  die  ;  for  he  hath  spoken  to 
e  See  Ac.  5. 34,  ^g  j,-j  ^j^^  x^^me  of  the  LoRD  our  God."  1 '  Then  'rose  up  certain  of  the 
elders  of  the  land,  and  spake  to  all  the  assembly  of  the  people,  saying, 
18  u  Mif-ah  ^the  Morasthite  prophesied  in  the  days  of  Hezekiah  king  of 
Judah,  and  spake  to  all  the  people  of  Judah,  saying, — 

'  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 
fMic.3. 12.  Zion  ^shall  be  ploughed  like  a  field, 

And  Jerusalem  shall  become  heaps. 
And  the  mountain  of  the  house  as  the  high  places  of  a  forest.' 

1^  Did  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah  and  all  Judah  put  him  at  all  to  death  ? 

A2ci,.32.2G.      ''did  he  not  fear  the  Lord,  and   besought  *the  Lord,  and   the   Lord 

the  LORD.        'repented   him   of  the  evil  which   he  had   pronounced  against  him  ? 

'li^'iu'' '^'^^'''  ■''^'^'^^  might  we  procure  great  evil  against  our  souls." 

i  Ac.  5. 39.  ^"  -'^"<^'  there  was  also  a  man  that  prophesied  in  the  name  of  the 

Lord,  Urijah  the  son  of  Shemaiah  of  Kirjath-jcarim,  who  prophesied 

against  this  city  and  against  this  land  according  to  all  the  words  of 

Jeremiah,  ^i  And  when  Jehoiakim  the  king,  with  all  his  mighty  men, 

and  all   the  j)rinccs   heard  his  words,  the  king  sought  to  put  him  to 

death  ;  but  when  Urijah  heard  it,  he  was  afraid,  and   fled,  and  went 

into  Egypt  ;  --and  Jehoiakim  the  king  sent  men  into  Egypt,  namely, 

EInathan  the  son  of  Achbor,  and  certain  men  with  him  into  Egypt. 

-^  And  they  fetched  forth  Urijah  out  of  Egypt,  and  brought  him  unto 

Jehoiakim  the  king ;  who  slew  him  with  the  sword,  and  cast  his  dead 

^ilfpie''^"'^'''"'^^^)'  '"'<^    ^'ic  graves  of  the  tcommon  people.    ^4  Tsjevertheless  *the 

&2Ki.22. 12,14.  hand  of  Aliikam  the  son  of  Shaphan  was  with  Jeremiah,  that  they 

should  not  give  him  into  the  liand  of  the  people  to  put  him  to  death. 


B.  C.  (JOG. 

a  Je.  25.  15,  &c 
6  2K 

SCI 
Full 
entlv. 


Part  XVIIL]  JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  THE  EGYPTIANS.  889 

SECT    V  Section    \ .—Jeremiah's  Prophenj  against  the  Army  of  Pharaoh-necho. 

Jeremiah  xlvi.  1-12.(66) 

A.  M.  3398.  1  r^^^  ^Q,.j   Qf  ti^e  Lord  which   catne   to  Jeremiah  the   prophet 

against  "the  Gentiles  ;  ^  against  Egypt,  ^ag-ainst  the  army  of  Pharaoh- 
necho  king  of  Egypt,  which  was  by  the  river  Euphrates  m  Carche- 
^  KLirk"    jjjJsIj^  which  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon   smote   in   the   fourth 
Fuifiiicdpres-     ygar  of  Jchoiakim  the  son  of  Josiah  king  of  Judah : — 
3  Order  ye  the  buckler  and  shield. 
And  draw  near  to  battle. 
''  Harness  the  horses  ;  and  get  up,  ye  horsemen, 
And  stand  forth  vvith  your  helmets  ; 
Furbish  the  spears,  and  put  on  the  brigandines. 

5  Wherefore  have  I  seen  them  dismayed  and  turned  away  back  ? 
*Heb.  hrokeain        ^  ^^  jj^gjj.  niiohtv  oncs  are  *beaten  down, 

pieces.  Zi       J  111  II 

\Heh.fieda  And  are  tfled  apace,  and  look  not  back  : 

-^'='"-  For  fear  was  round  about,  saith  the  Lord. 

6  Let  not  the  swift  flee  away, 
Nor  the  mighty  man  escape  ; 

c  Da.  11. 19.  Tpi-jgy  shall  'stumble,  and  fall 

Toward  the  north  by  the  river  Euphrates. 
d  See  Is.  8. 7, 8.  7  m^\^q  is  ihis  that  comcth  up  "^as  a  flood, 

Whose  waters  are  moved  as  the  rivers  ? 
8  Egypt  riseth  up  like  a  flood, 
And  his  waters  are  moved  like  the  rivers  ; 
And  he  saith,  I  will  go  up,  and  will  cover  the  earth ; 
I  will  destroy  the  city  and  the  inhabitants  thereof. 
^  Come  up,  ye  horses ! 
And  rage,  ye  ciiariots  ! 
And  let  the  mighty  men  come  forth  ! 
J  Heb,  cush.  jThe  Ethiopians  and  *the  Libyans,  that  handle  the  shield  ! 

*  Heb.  Put.  ^^^  ^l^g  Lydians,  that  handle  and  bend  the  bow  ! 

1"  For  this  is  the  day  of  the  Lord  God  of  hosts, 

A  day  of  vengeance,  that  he  may  avenge  him  of  his  adversaries  : 
e  De.  32. 42.  Is.         ^j-^j  "^jj^g  gword  shall  dcvour, 

And  it  shall  be  satiate  and  made  drunk  with  their  blood: 
For  the  Lord  God  of  hosts  hath  a  sacrifice  in  the  north  country  by 
the  river  Euphrates. 
11  Go  up  into  Gilead,  and  take  balm, 

0  virgin,  the  daughter  of  Egypt : 

Li  vain  shalt  thou  use  many  medicines : 
t  Heb.  no  cure  YoY  ttliou  shalt  uot  be  curcd. 

t'f  Ezrao^i.  12  The  nations  have  heard  of  thy  shame, 
And  thy  cry  hath  filled  the  land  : 

For  the  mighty  man  hath  stumbled  against  the  mighty, 
And  they  are  fallen  both  together. 

Section    VI. —  The  Rechabites  take  Refuge  in  Jerusalem  from  the  Army  of 

the  Chaldeans. '^"^ 

Jeremiah    xxxv. 

Bv  the  obedience  of  the  Rechabites,  12  Jeremiah  condemneih  the  disobedience  of  the  Jews.     18  God 

blesseth  the  Rechabites  for  their  obedience. 

1  The  word  which  came  unto  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord  in  the  days 
of  Jehoiakim  the  son  of  Josiah  king  of  Judah,  saying,— 


SECT, 

.  VI. 

A. 

M. 

3398. 

B, 

.  C. 

606. 

(6«)  That  this  prophecy  was  spoken  early  in  the  that  king,  (ver.  2.)     After   the    fulfilnient  of  this 

reio-n  of  Jehoiakim  is  evident,  as  Nebuchadnezzar  prophecy,  Nebuchadnezzar  immediately  advanced 

inarched   his  army   against  the   Egyptians,  at  the  towards  Syria  and  Judsa. 

besrinning  of  the  year  of  the  captivity,  and  smote         («')  The  Rechabites  who  were  always  accustomed 

thim.and  took  Carchemish  in  the  fourth  year  of  to  live  in  tents  in  the  open  country,  apprehensive 
vm..    I.                                                112  3w 


890  THE  RECHABITES  TAKE  REFUGE  IN  JERUSALEIM,  &c.     [Period  VI. 

«2 Ki.^o.  15  2  Qq  xinto  the  house  of   the  "Rechabites,  and  speak    unto  them^ 

b  1  Ki.  G.  5.  and  bring  them  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  into  one  of  Hhe  chambers, 
and  give  them  wine  to  drink. 

^  Then  I  took  Jaazaniah  the  son  of  Jeremiah,  the  son  of  Habazi- 
niali,  and  liis  brethren,  and  all  his  sons,  and  the  whole  house  of  the 
Rechabites  ;  ■*  and  I  brought  them  into  the  house  of  the  Lord,  into 
the  chamber  of  the  sons  of  Hanan,  the  son  of  Igdaliah,  a  man  of  God, 
which  was  by  the  chamber  of  the  princes,  which  was  above  the  cham- 

'li'^8  'I'ai  t    '^^'^  ^^  Maaseiah  the  son  of  Shallum,  "the  keeper  of  the  *door.  ^  And  I 
it,  lu.  set  before  the  sons  of  the  house  of  the  Rechabites  pots  full  of  wine,  and 

Vr't^S'*"''''    cups,  and  I  said  unto  them,  '•  Drink  ye  wine."  «  But  they  said,  "  We  will 

daKi.  10. 15.  drink  no  wine;  for  ''Jonadab  the  son  of  Recliab  our  father  commanded 
us,  saying,  '  Ye  shall  drink  no  wine,  neither  ye,  nor  your  sons  for  ever  ; 
"^  neither  shall  ye  build   house,  nor  sow  seed,  nor  plant  vineyard,  nor 

c^'^^^o.iQ.Eph.  i^ave  any  :  but  all  your  days  ye  shall  dwell  in  tents  ;  "that  ye  may  live 
many  days  in  the  land  where  ye  be  strangers.'  ^  Thus  have  we  obeyed 
the  voice  of  Jonadab  the  son  of  Rechab  our  father  in  all  that  he  hath 
charged  us,  to  drink  no  wine  all  our  days,  we,  our  wives,  our  sons, 
nor  our  daughters  ;  ^  nor  to  build  houses  for  us  to  dwell  in :  neither 
have  we  vineyard,  nor  field,  nor  seed  ;  '"  but  we  have  dwelt  in  tents, 
and  have  obeyed,  and  done  according  to  all  that  Jonadab  our  father 
commanded  us.  '^  But  it  came  to  pass,  when  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of 
Babylon  came  up  into  the  land,  that  we  said,  '  Come,  and  let  us  go  to 
Jerusalem  for  fear  of  the  army  of  the  Chaldeans,  and  for  fear  of  the 
army  of  the  Syrians  ; '  so  we  dwell  at  Jerusalem." 

^^  Then  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  Jeremiah,  saying,  '^Thus 
saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel  ;  Go  and  tell  the  men  of  Judah 
and  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  Will  ye  not  receive  instruction  to 
hearken  to  my  words  ?  saith  the  Lord.  ^^  The  words  of  Jonadab  the 
son  of  Rechab,  that  he  commanded  his  sons  not  to  drink  wine,  are 
performed  ;  for  unto  this  day  they  drink  none,  but  obey  their  father's 
commandment :  notwithstanding  I  liave  spoken  unto  you,  rising  early 
and  speaking  ;  but  ye  hearkened  not  untoine.  '^  I  have  sent  also  unto 
you  all  my  servants  the  prophets,  (rising  up  early  and  sending  them.) 
saying,  "  Return  ye  now  every  man  from  his  evil  way,  and  amend  your 
doings,  and  go  not  after  other  gods  to  serve  them,  and  ye  shall  dwell 
in  the  land  which  I  have  given  to  you  and  to  your  fathers  ; "  but  ye 
have  not  inclined  your  ear,  nor  hearkened  unto  me.  ^^  Because  the  sons 
of  Jonadab  the  son  of  Rechab  have  performed  the  commandment  of 
their  father,  which  he  commanded  them ;  but  this  people  hath  not 
hearkened  unto  me  :  '"  therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts, 
the  God  of  Israel ;  Behold,  I  will  bring  upon  Judah  and  upon  all  the 
inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  all  the  evil  that  I  have  pronounced  against 

■^rl'I'uG.'l^'^^'  l^^hem  ;  -^because  I  have  spoken  unto  them,  but  they  have  not  heard; 
and  I  have  called  unto  them,  but  they  have  not  answered.  ''^  And 
Jeremiah  said  unto  the  house  of    the  Rechabites,  "  Thus  saith  the 

of  tlieirsafeU',  retired  into  Jerusalem  on  Nobuchad-  dned  after  his  conquest  of  Carchemish.  The  Re- 
iio7.zTr"s  approach  to  Palestine,  after  his  defeat  of  chabites.  as  may  be  collected  from  ver.  7,  were  not  of 
tlie  Etrvptians  at  Carchemish.  On  their  coming  to  the  children  of  Israel.  From  1  Chron.  ii.  5.5,  they 
Jenisalem,  Jeremiah  is  sent  to  them  ;  and,  for  a  appear  to  have  been  Kenites,  a  people  orioinally 
trial  of  their  obedicn.-.e.  offers  them  wme  to  drink,  settled  in  the  land  of  Midian,  and  most  probably 
(ver.  1-11.)  In  the  fnllowinif  verses  the  Jews,  by  the  descendants  of  Jethro,  the  father-in-law  of 
comparison,  are  upbraided  with  their  disobedience,  Moses,  Jud.  i.  16.  Jonadab,  the  son  of  Recliab, 
and  menaced  with  vcncreance.  The  18th  and  li)th  is  supposed  to  have  been  tiie  same  as  m(>ntioned  in 
verses  promise  a  blessinn^  on  the  Rechabites.  This  2  Kings  x.  15,  a  man  of  eminence,  and  a  righteous 
chapter  is  inserted  here  from  tiie  evidence  of  ver.  man,  otherwise  Jehu  would  not  liave  shown  him 
II,  as  Nebuchadnezzir  does  not  appear  to  have  so  much  attention,  and  taken  him  with  him  to  wit- 
come  in  person  to  Jerusalem  again  till  after  the  ness  his  zeal  for  the  honor  of  the  true  God. — Dr. 
death  of  Jchoiakim,  and  in  all  probability  he  was  Blayney. 
joined  by  the  Syrians  at  thi.s   time    whom  he   sub- 


Part  XVIIL]  PREDlCTIOiN  OF  THE  SEVENTY  YEARS'  CAPTIVITY.  891 

Lord  of  hosts,  ihe  God  of  Israel ;  Because  ye  have  obeyed  the  com- 
,He^,'nercs^an  mandiiient  of  Jonadab  your  father,  and  kept  all  his  precepts,  and  done 
\otama,tt,ccut  accordiuT  unto  all  that  he  hath  commanded  you:  i*  therefore  thus 
df/ri:"/  saith  the"  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ;  tJonadab  the  son  of 
Reckab  to  stand,   j^^^|^.^^  gj^^jj  ^^^j  ^.j,„t  ^  man  to  staud  bcforc  me  for  ever. 


SECT.  vn.  Section  Yll.— Jeremiah' s  Prediction  of  the  Seventy  Years'  Captivity. 

Jeremiah  xxvS^f^ 

\    r'  fiilf  ■       Jeremiah   reproving  the  Jeus'  disobedience  to  the  prophets,  S  foretelleth  the  seventy  years'  captivity 
B.  C.  6U6.         •^''7«^«;;;/rP;,°  ,,, -,^  ^,^^  destmcHon  of  Bahylon.     15  Under  the  type  of  a  cup  cf^oine  he  foreshon-eth 

the  destruction  of  all  nations.     U  The  howling  of  the  shepherds. 

1  The  word  that  came  to  Jeremiah  concerning  all  the  people  of  Judah 
in  the  fourth  year  of  Jehoiakim  the  son  of  Josiah  king  of  Judah,  (that 
was  the  first  year  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon;)  nhe  which 
Jeremiah  the  prophet  spake  unto  all  the  people  of  Judah,  and  to  all 
the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  saying, — 

3 From  the  thirteenth  year  of  Josiah  the  son  of  Anion  kuig  ot  Judah, 
even  unto  this  day,  that  is  the  three  and  twentieth  year,  the  word  of 
the  Lord  hath  come  unto  me,  and  I  have  spoken  unto  you,  (rismg 
early  and  speaking  ;)  but  ye  have  not  hearkened.  "*  And  the  Lord 
hath  sent  unto  you  all  his  servants  the  prophets,  (rising  early  and 
sending  them  ;)  but  ye  have  not  hearkened,  nor  uichned  your  ear  to 
hear.  ^They  said,  "  Turn  ve  again  now  every  one  from  his  evil  way, 
and  from  the  evil  of  your  doings,  and  dwell  in  the  land  that  the  Lord 
hath  given  unto  you  and  to  your  fathers  for  ever  and  ever ;  ^  and  go 
not  after  other  gods  to  serve  them,  and  to  worship  them,  and  provoke 
me  not  to  anger  with  the  works  of  your  hands  ;  and  I  will  do  you  no 
hurt."  'Yet  ye  have  not  hearkened  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord  ;  that  ye 
,De.32.2i  might  "provoke  me  to  anger  with  the  works  of  your  hands  to  your 
own  hurt. 

8  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord   of  hosts ;    Because  ye  have   not 
heard  my  words,  ^  behold,  I  will  send  and  take  all  the  families  of  ^the 
6  See  Is.  44. 28.     North,  saith  the  Lord,  and  Nebuchadrezzar  the  king  of  Babylon,  my 
^  ^^"  ^'  servant,  and  will  bring  them  against  this  land,  and  against  the  inhab- 

itants  thereof,  and  against  all  these  nations  round  about,  and  will  ut- 
terly destroy  them,  and  make  thein  an  astonishment,  and  a  hissing,  and 

*Heb. /JT'M  ^  111^- 

causeio perish     perpctuai  dcsolations. 

from  ike,..         ^q  Moroovcr  *I  will  take  from  them 


^llit  Ho.  2.  The  'voice  of  mirth,  and  the  voice  of  gladness, 

/Ec^'a  r~''         The  voice  of  the  bridegroom,  and  the  voice  of  the  bride, 

e2Ch.3G.2i,22.       The  "souud  of  thc  millstones,  and  the  light  of  the  candle 

Ezra  1. 1.  Da.  " 
2. 


11  And   this  whole  land  shall  be  a  desolation,  and  an  astonishment ; 

and  these  nations  shall  serve  the  king  of  Babylon  seventy  years,  i^  And 
2  Kr247i:"  ^"  it  shall  come  to  pass,  %vhen  tseventy  years  are  accomplished,  that  I 
636'*B?a  Ezra  "-H  t,.,„.idi  thp  kina  of  Babvlon.  and  that  nation,  saith  the  Lord,  for 
1. 1. ' 
lif.ttTi":  pTtuai''dIsoTations.  "i'^  And  I  will  bring  upon  that  land  all  my  words 
^'•''^"■jel^o':-   which  I  have   pronounced  against  it,  even  all  that  is  written   in  tins 


will  tpunish  the  king  of  Babylon,  and  that  nation,  saith  the  Lord,  loi 
their  iniquity,  and  tiie  land  of  the  Chaldeans,  ^and  will  make  it  per 

pon  that  land  all  my  word: 

n  all  that  is  written   in  thi 
^-'•i'i^'M'  book,  vvhich  Jeremiah  hath  prophesied   against  all   the  nations.  ^^For 

(^•i\  This  Dronherv  was  delivered  (ver.  1.)  in  the  distinctly  foretells  their  subjusation,  together  with 
foith  ve^r  of  JelSdm.  about  the  time  that  Neb-  that  of  the  neighbouring  nations,  to  the  king  of 
SdnCarhavii"  conquered  the  army  of  Necho  Babylon,  for  seventy  years,  and  the  fall  of  the  Baby- 
kin,  of  E^ypt,  at  tlie  Eupl^rates,  and  having  re-  lonish  empire  at  that  period,  (ver.  8-14.)  The 
fakln  Cardiemish.  was  marching  towards  Syria  same  is  foreshown  under  the  symbol  of  the  cup  of 
and  Palestine  to";ecover  those  p'rovinces,  and  to  God's  wrath,  with  which  the  prophet  is  represented 
reunite  tem'to  the  Babylonish  empire.  It  was  in  vision  as  being  sent  to  all  the  nations  to  make 
Sered  n  the  same  year  in  which  the  captivity  them  drink  of  it,  to  their  utter  subversion,  (ver.  15 
U  predict  actual"  took  place.  Jeremiah,  in  this  -29.)  The  like  prophecy  is  the  h.rd  time  repeated 
chapter,  reproves  the  Jews  for  their  disregard  of  the  from  ver.  30  to  the  end.-Dr.  Blayney  in  loc. 
divine   calls  to  repentance,  (ver.  1-7.)     He   most 


892  PREDICTION  OF  THE  SEVENTY  YEARS'  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VI 

s' Je.  50.  9.  &  51.  ^many  nations  and  ''great  kings  shall  "serve  themselves  of  them  also; 
AJe.50.4i.&5i.  ''and  I  will  recompense  them  according  to  their  deeds,  and  according 
« Je  97  7  ^^  ^^^  works  of  their  own  hands. 

jje.  50. 29.4:51.  '^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  unto  me  ;  Take  *the  wine 
,^o^*\  ,  ,,  „«    cup  of  this  fury  at  mv  hand,  and  cause  all  the  nations,  to  whom  I  send 

A  See  Job  ai.  20.  J  ,    ■.•../,     .  i      n     ,    •    i  i    .  i  i   i  i 

thee,  to  drink  it.   '"  And  they  shall  drink,  and  be  moved,  and  be  mad, 
because  of  the  sword  that  I  will  send  among  them. 

^"  Then  took  I  the  cup  at  the  Lord's  hand,  and  made  all  the  nations 

to  drink,  unto  whom  the  Lord  had  sent  me  :   ^^to  wit,  Jerusalem,  and 

the  cities  of  Judali,  and  the  kings  thereof,  and  the  princes  thereof,  to 

make  them  a  desolation,  an  astonishment,  a  hissing,  and  a  curse  ;  as  it 

is  this  day  ;   ^^  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  and  his  servants,  and  his  princes, 

and  all  his  people  ;  -'^  and  all  the  mingled  people,  and  all  the  kings  of  the 

land  of  Uz,  and  all  tlie  kings  of  the  land  of  the  Philistines,  and  Ashke- 

zsee  13.20. 1.      jgn,  and  Azzah,  and  Ekron,  and  'the  remnant  of  Ashdod,  ^'  Edom,  and 

Moab,  and  the  children  of  Ammon,  ^^  and  all  the  kings  of  Tyrus,  and  all 

*Se'sm-^.''^     the  kings  of  Zidon,  and  the  kings  of  the  *isles  which  are  beyond  the 

tiieb.  cui  or injo  sea, -•^Dedan,  and   Tema.  and  Buz,  and   all   ithat  are   in   the   utmost 

i^'V™"'   corners,  ^^and  "all  the  kinss  of  Arabia,  and  all  the  kin^s  of  the  min- 


^49^  g'®^  people  that  dwell  in  the  desert,  ^^and  all  the  kings  of  Zimri,  and 
32-  all  the  kings  of  Elam,  and  all  the   kings  of  the  Medes,  ^^and  all  the 

m2Ch. 9. 14.  Yiugs  of  the  North,  far  and  near,  one  with  another,  and  all  the  king- 
doms of  the  world,  which  are  upon  the  face  of  the  earth :  and  the 
king  of  Sheshach  shall  drink  after  them. 

^^  Therefore   thou  shalt  say  unto   them,  Thus  saith  the  Lord   of 

hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ;  Drink  ye,  and  be  drunken,  and  spew,  and 

fall,  and  rise  no  more,  because  of  the  sword  which  I  will  send  among 

you.  "^^And  it  shall  be,  if  they  refuse   to   take  the  cup  at  thy  hand 

to   drink,  then  shalt  thou  say  unto  them,   Thus   saith   the   Lord    of 

"Ez^'g^ob.  16.  hosts;    Ye  shall  certainly  drink.  -^For,  lo !  "I   begin  to  bring  evil  on 

Lu-  23. 31.         the  city  twhich  is  called  by  my  name,  and  should  ye  be  utterly  unpun- 

XHeh.  upon  which  ishcd  ?  Ye  shall  not  be  unpunished:   for  "I  will  call  for  a  sword  upon 

Kri's^igf"''  ^'^  ^'^*^  inhabitants  of  the  earth,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

eEz. 38. 21.  ^''Therefore  prophesy  thou  against  them  all  these  words,  and  say 

unto  them, — 

The  Lord  shall  roar  from  on  high. 
And  utter  his  voice  from  his  holy  habitation ; 
He  shall  mightily  roar  upon  his  habitation  ; 
He  shall  give  a  shout,  as  they  that  tread  the  grapes, 
Against  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth. 
^^  A  noise  shall  come  even  to  the  ends  of  the  earth ; 
For  the  Lord  hath  a  controversy  with  the  nations, 
He  will  plead  with  all  flesh  ; 
He  will  give  them  that  are  wicked  to  the  sword,  saith  the  Lord. 

32  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

Behold,  evil  shall  go  forth  from  nation  to  nation. 
And  a  great  whirlwind  shall  be  raised  up 
From  the  coasts  of  the  earth. 

33  And  the  slain  of  the  Lord  shall  be  at  that  day 

From  one  end  of  the  earth  even  unto  the  other  end  of  the  earth : 
''ii!'9.  '  '    "'  '^hey  shall  not  be  lamented,  ''neither  gathered,  nor  buried; 

They  shall  be  dung  upon  the  ground. 
3'  Howl,  ye  shepherds,  and  cry  ! 
,  „  ^         ,  And  wallow  yourselves  in  the  ashes,  ye  principal  of  the  flock  ! 

*  lic\>.  vour  daijs  ri         *^i  ,  ^  ,  ,  ,        ^  ,• 

for  slaughter.  Jt"  Or    thc  davs  ot  your  slaughter  and  of  your  dispersions  are  accom- 

^n^h.  a  vessel  of  plished  ; 

^^^.^avtsst  0        ^^j  ^.^  ^i^^jj  ^^jj  j.j_^  ^^  pleasant  vessel. 


*Heb 

.  a 

desola- 

tion. 

SECT 

VIII. 

A. 

M. 

3398. 

B. 

C 

606. 

Part  XVIIL]  FIRST  READING  OF  THE  ROLL  BY  BARUCH.  893 

X  Hob.  flight  shall  35  j^^^[  ||.j^g  slicplierds  shall  have  no  way  to  flee, 

perish  from  the  ^^  ,  ■        ■        t       r    .^        n        \     ^ 

shepherds  and  Nor  the  pniicipal  oi  the  rlock  to  escape. 

I'rAm.aT^'.  ^^  A  voice  of  the  cry  of  the  shepherds, 

And  a  howling  of  the  principal  of  the  flock,  shall  be  heard  : 
For  the  Lord  hath  spoiled  their  pasture. 
^■^  And  the  peaceable  habitations  are  cut  down 

Because  of  the  fierce  anger  of  the  Lord. 
^^  He  hath  forsaken  his  covert,  as  the  lion  : 

For  their  land  is  *desolate  because  of  the  fierceness  of  the  oppressor, 
And  because  of  his  fierce  anger. 

Section    VIII. — First  Reading  of  the  Roll  hy  Baruch ; — His  Consolation 
thereon. 

Jeremiah  xxxvi.  1-8.(^9)  and  xlv.(™) 
Jeremiah  causelh  Baruch  to  write  his  prophecy,  and  publicly  to  read  it.     Baruch  being  dismayed, 

Jeremiah  insti-ucteth  and  comforteth  him. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  fourth  year  of  Jehoiakim  the  son  of 
Josiah  king  of  Judah,  that  this  word  came  unto  Jeremiah  from  the 
Lord,  saying, — ■ 

^  Take  thee  "a  roll  of  a  book,  and  write  therein  all  the  words  that  I 
have  spoken  unto  thee  against  Israel,  and  against  Judah,  and  against 
all  the  nations,  from  the  day  I  spake  unto  thee,  from  the  days  of  Josiah, 
even  unto  this  day.  •'It  may  be  that  the  house  of  Judah  will  hear  all 
the  evil  which  I  purpose  to  do  unto  them  ;  that  they  may  return  every 
man  from  his  evil  way  ;   that  I  may  forgive  their  iniquity  and  their  sin. 

^  Then  Jeremiah  called  Baruch  the  son  of  Neriah  ;  and  Baruch  wrote 
from  the  mouth  of  Jeremiah  all  the  words  of  the  Lord,  which  he  had 
spoken  unto  him,  upon  a  roll  of  a  book.  ^And  Jeremiah  commanded 
Baruch,  saying,  "  I  am  shut  up  ;  I  cannot  go  into  the  house  of  the 
Lord.  '^  Therefore  go  thou,  and  read  in  the  roll,  which  thou  hast  written 
from  my  mouth,  the  words  of  the  Lord  in  the  ears  of  the  people  in 
the  Lord's  house  upon  'the  fasting  day  :   and  also  thou  shalt  read  them 

27^  9.'  " in  the  ears  of  all  Judah  that  come  out  of  their  cities.  '  It  may  be  *they 

*^^ali^nsha7'   will  present  their  supplication  before  the  Lord,  and  will  return  every 
fall.  Qj^g  f,.Q,^^  f^jg  gyii  yyay  ;  for  great  is  the  anger  and  the  fury  that  the 

Lord  hath  pronounced  against  this  people." 

^  And  Baruch  the  son  of  Neriah  did  according  to  all  that  Jeremiah 
the  prophet  commanded  him,  reading  in  the  book  the  words  of  the 
Lord  in  the  Lord's  house. 

^  The  word  that  Jeremiah  the  prophet  spake  unto  Baruch  Jeremiah  xlv. 
the  son  of  Neriah,  when  he  had  written  these  words  in  a 
book  at  the  mouth  of  Jeremiah,  in  the  fourth  year  of  Jehoiakim  the 
son  of  Josiah  king  of  Judah,  saying, — 

(^3)  By  divine  appointment,  Jeremiah  causes  authority  this  chapter  is  divided.  The  great  fast 
Barucli  to  write  all  his  former  prophecies  in  a  roll,  of  the  expiation,  on  which  it  is  supposed  Baruch 
and  to  read  them  to  the  people,  to  give  them  an  read  the  roll,  in  the  4th  year,  was  annually  kept  by 
opportunity,  before  they  were  taken  into  Babylon,  the  Jews  on  the  10th  day  of  the  month  Tisri,  which 
of "  presenting  their  supplications  before  the  Lord,"  answers  to  our  September;  immediately  before 
as  his  anger  was  greatly  kindled  against  them.  Nebuchadnezzar  laid  siege  to  Jerusalem. 
The  expression,  "  shut  up,"  (ver.  5.)  Dr.  Blayney  Dr.  Blayncy  is  of  a  contrary  opinion,  and  sup- 
supposes  to  signify,  from  the  context  following,  that  poses  the  roll  to  have  been  read  only  once  ;  for  his 
Jeremiah  was  under  some  confinement  or  restraint,  arguments  on  this  subject,  see  Blayney's  Notes  on 
which  precluded  him  from  going  to  the  house  of  Jeremiah  in  loc.  Josephus  mentions  the  roll  as 
Jehovah  :  he  might  have  been  obliged,  after  the  being  read  once  in  the  9th  month  of  the  .5th  year 
charge  brought  against  him   (chnp.  xxvi-),  to  have  of  Jehoiakim. 

given  some  security  that  he  would  not  enter  the  C°)  This  chapter  is  merely  an  appendage  to  chap, 

temple,  or  prophesy  in  it  for  a  certain  time,  without  xxxvi.  its  date,  and  therefore  its  place,  are  assigned 

being  absolutely  in  prison;  as  we    read    ver.    19,  by  ver.  1.     Jeremiah,  by  God's  command,  encour- 

(the  year  following)  he  was  then  at  liberty.    Arch-  ages  Baruch  with  the  assurance  that  his  life  should 

bishop  Usher,  and"  Dean  Prideaux,  both  think  the  be   preserved  by  a   special  providence,  amidst  all 

roll  was  read  twice,  once  in  the  4th,  and  again  in  the  calamities  denounced  against  Judah. 
the  5th  year  of  Jehoiakim,  ver.  8-10,  and  on  their 

VOL.    1.  3w* 


tLe.  16. 

23.  -27-33.  Ac, 


894  COMMENCEMENT  OF  THE  CAPTIVITY.  [Period  VI. 

^  "  Thus  saitli  the  Lord,  the  God  of  Israel,  unto  thee,  O  Baruch ! 
^  Thou  didst  say,  '  Woe  is  me  now  ! 

For  the  Lord  hath  added  grief  to  my  sorrow  ; 

I  fainted  in  my  sighing — and  I  find  no  rest.' 
■*  Thus  shall  thou  say  unto  him.  The  Lord  saith  thus ; 

'  Behold,  that  which  I  have  built — will  I  break  down, 

And  that  which  I  have  planted — I  will  pluck  up, 

Even  this  whole  land. 
^  And  seekest  thou  great  things  for  thyself? — seek  them  not. 

For,  behold,  I  will  bring  evil  upon  all  flesh,'  saith  the  Lord  : 

'  But  thy  life  will  I  give  unto  thee  for  a  prey 

In  all  places  whither  thou  goest.'  " 


B.  C.  006. 


b  Ge.  10.  )0.  Sc 
II. -2.  U.  11 
Zee.  5.  11. 


BECT.  IX.  Se(;tion    IX. — Commejicement  of  the  Captivity. 

A   M    3398.  Daniel  i.  1-7. — 2  Kings,  xxiv.  3,  4,  and  part  of  ver.  1. — 2  Chron.  xxxvi.  6,  7. 

^  In  the  third*^"  year  of  the  reign  of  Jehoiakim  king  of  Judah  came 
Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon  unto  Jerusalem,  and  besieged  it. 
~  And  the  Lord  gave  Jehoiakim  king  of  Judah  into  his  hand,  with 
tt^'^^^^r!^!''  °P^'*t  o^  the  vessels  of  the  house  of  God  ;  which  he  carried  'into  the 
land  of  Shinar  to  the  house  of  his  god  ;  and  he  brought  the  vessels 
into  the  treasure-house  of  his  god. 

^  And  the  king  spake  unto  Ashpenaz  the  master  of  his  eunuchs, 

*2o.T7'°ii~i^'"    ^^^^  '^^  should  bring  *certain   of  the   children  of  Israel,  and  of  the 

39.7.'  king's  seed,  and  of  the  princes  ;    "*  children  ^in  whom  was  no  blemish, 

c^^ee   e.  _  .    ,    |^^^  wcll-favorcd,  and  skilful  in  all  wisdom,  and  cunning  in  knowledge, 

and  understanding  science,  and  such  as  had  ability  in  them   to  stand 

dAc.  7. 2-x         in  the  king's  palace,  and  ''whom  they  might  teach  the  learning  and  the 

tongue  of  the  Chaldeans.  -^  And  the  king  appointed  them  a  daily  provision 

fHeb.tAeaji/tc  of  q{  the  king's  meat,  and  of  tthe  wine  which  he  drank:   so  nourishing 

eGe.  41.46.  iKi.  them  three  years,  that  at  the  end  thereof  they  might  ^stand  before  the 

^"^  ®-  king.  ^  Now  among  these  were  of  the  children  of  Judah,  Daniel,  Han- 

/Ge.  41.15. 2Ki.  auiah,  Mishael,  and  Azariah  :  '''  unto  Avhom  the  prince  of  the  eunuchs 

gave  names  ;   for  he  gave  unto  Daniel  the  name  of  Belteshazzar ;  and 

to  Hananiah,   of  Shadrach  ;    and  to   Mishael,   of   Meshach  ;  and   to 

Azariah,  of  Abed-nego. 

**  Surely  at  the  commandment  of  the  Lord  came  this    2  Kings  xxiv. 
^•aKi.ai.s,  11.   upon  Judah,  to  remove  them  out  of  his  sight,  ^for  the  sins         3>  4. 

of  Manassch,  according  to  all  that  he  did  ;  ■*  and  also  for  the  innocent 

(")  The  year  of  the  captivity  must  be  dated  from  Syria,  and  PhoBnieia,  in  which  having  cmploj'ed  the 

B.  C.  GOG,  the  fourth  year  of  Jehoiakim  ;    for  the  greatest  part  of  the  year,  in  the  beginning  of  Octo- 

decree  of  Cyrus    was    issued   at   the    end    of  the  ber  he  hiid  siege  to  Jerusalem,  and  took  it  about  a 

seventy  years,  in  the  year  .53G.    Some  difficulty  has  month  after.    This  event  is  supposed  to  have  taken 

arisen  from  an  apparent  difference  between  Daniel  place  on  the  18th  of  the  month  called  Cislcu,  which 

and  Jeremiah.     The  latter  (cliap.    xxv.    1.)    dates  answers  to  our  November;  and  this  day  has  ever 

the  commencement  of  the  captivity  in  the  fourth  of  since  been  set  apart  by  the  Jews  as  an  annual  fast,  in 

Jehoiakim  ;  the  former  is  supposed  to  date  it  in  tlic  commemoration  of  this  great  calamity.    On  Jehoia- 

third.     On   examining,    however,   the    passage  in  kim   humbling  himself,  and   submitting  to  become 

Daniel,  (Dan.  i.  1 .)  it  will  be  remarked,  that  it  only  tributary,  he  is  restored  to  his  kingdom  ;  and  Nebu- 

relates  that  Nebuchadnezzar  came  up  to  Jerusalem  chadnezzar,  hearing  of  his  father's  death,  hurries 

and  besieged  it.     No  date  being  assigned  (ver.  2.)  across  the  desert  to  take  possession  of  his  empire  ; 

to  the  captivity  of  tlie  king,  and  the  removal  of  his  leaving  his  captives  in  the  care  of  his  generals,  to 

treasures,  we   may  infer,  according   to   Jeremiah,  follow  after.    Before  he  removed  from  Jerusalem,  he 

that  the  captivity  actually  took  place  in  the  fourth  gave  particular  orders  to  Ash[)enaz,  the  master  of 

year  of  Jehoiakim,  and  that  Daniel  begins  his  com-  his  eunuchs,  to  choose  children  of  the  royal  family 

putation  from   the  time  that  Nebuchadnezzar   was  and  nobility  of  the  land,  (ver.  4.)  to  take  with  him 

sent  by  his  father  from  Babylon  on  this  expedition  ;  to  Babylon,  "  to  stand  in  the  king's  palace,  and  to 

which  was  in  the  latter  end  of  the   third  year  of  whom   they    might    teach    the    learning    and    the 

Jehoiakim.     After  that,  two  months,  at  least,  nmst  tongue  of  the  Chaldeans;  "  thereby  exactly  fulfil- 

have  been  spent  in  his  march  to  the   borders  of  linjr  the  word  of  the  Lord,  spoken  by  Isaiah  to  Heze- 

Syria.     There,  in  about  the  beginning  of  the  fourth  kiah  king  of  Judah,  above  an  hundred  years  before 

year  of  Jehoiakim,  he  fouglit  the  Egyptians,  and,  this  event.     Isaiah  xxxix.  7. — Prideaux's    Connec- 

having  overthrown  them,  besieged  Carchemisli,  and  tion,  vol.  i.  p.  87; — Hales'  Jlnal.  vol.  ii.  p.  478. 
took  it.     Af\er  this,  he  reduced  all  the  provinces  of 


Part 


REIGN  OF  JEHOIAKIM  CONTINUED. 


895 


t  Or,  chains.-  fore 
told    Hab.  1.  (3. 


blood  that  he  shed,  (for  he  filled  Jerusalem  with  innocent  blood,)  which 
the  Lord  would  not  pardon. 

2  Kings  xxiv.  part  ofve-r.  1. — In  his  days  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon  came  up, 
and  Jehoiakim  became  his  servant  three  years : — 

2  Chron.  xxxvi.  6,  7.—^  Against  him  came  up  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon,  and 
bound  him  in  tfetters  to  carry  him  to  Babylon.  '  Nebuchadnezzar  also  carried  of  the 
vessels  of  the  house  of  the  Lord  to  Babylon,  and  put  them  in  his  temple  at  Babylon. 


PERIOD    VII  y' 

THE    BABYLONISH    CAPTIVITY. 


PART    I. 

EVENTS   AT   JERUSALEM    BETWEEN    THE    COMMENCEMENT   OF   THE 
CAPTIVITY   AND   THE   BURNING  OF   THE   TEMPLE. 


SECT.  I.       Section  I.- 


A.  M.   3399. 
B.  C.  605. 


-Reign  of  Jehoiakim  continued ; — Second  Reading  of  the  Roll 

Jeremiah  xxxvi.  9,  to  the  end. 

The  princes,  havins;  heard  of  tlie  first  reading  of  the  roll ,  send^ehudi  to^etch  the  roll  and  read  it. 
19  They  will  Bariichlo  hide  hiniself  and  Jei       '  '       ""  "" 


thereof,  heareth  part  of  it, 
ruck  ivriteth  a  new  copij. 


•.nd  biirneth  the  roll. 


20  The  king  Jeltoiakim,  being  certified 
27  Jeremiah  denotmceth  his  judgment.     32  Ba- 


^AND  it  came  to  pass  in   the   fifth  year  of  Jehoiakim  the  son  of 
Josiah  kin<:^  of  Judah,  in  the  ninth  month,  that  they  proclaimed  a  fast 


Q)  The  great  object  of  that  revelation  which  God, 
at  various  times,  and  in  divers  manners,  imparted 
to  man,  was  to  establisli  among  them  the  knowledge 
of  himself,  and  gradually  to  direct  their  attention  to 
his  Son. 

The  revelation  first  given  to  Adam  was  preserved 
during  the  deluge  by  Noah,  the  only  individual, 
except  his  own  family,  that  remained  uncorrupt  in 
tlie  old  world,  and  it  was  by  him  committed  to  the 
new.  Idolatry,  however,  again  sprung  up  soon 
after  the  deluge  ;  and,  to  prevent  another  total  cor- 
ruption, the  language  of  mankind  was  confounded, 
and  the  world  was  divided  into  several  distinct 
societies  ;  yet  so  general  was  the  idolatry  that  had 
contaminated  the  several  colonies  which  had  emi- 
grated from  Shinar,that,  within  four  hundred  years 
after  the  flood,  the  knowledge  and  worship  of  the 
one  true  God  was  once  more  in  danger  of  being  en- 
tirely lost.  To  prevent  this  fearful  evil,  instead  of 
destroying  again  all  flesh,  the  divine  Wisdom  re- 
vealed himself  to  Abraham  ;  beginning  with  him  to 
form  a  peculiar  people,  by  whom  the  knowledge  of 
the  true  God  should  be  preserved  and  transmitted 
to  all  future  nations.  In  pursuance  of  this  gracious 
design,  God  commanded  him  to  separate  from  his 
idolatrous  kindred,  and  to  go  into  a  distant  land  : 
and,  after  this  trial  of  his  faith  and  obedience,  the 
Almighty  took  him  under  his  especial  care  ;  ap- 
peared to  him,  conversed  with  him,  encouraged  him 
by  promises  and  blessings ;  and  imparted  to  him 
new  laws,  and  religious  ceremonies.  Isaac  and 
Jacob  were  made  heirs  of  the  same  blessings  ;  and 
when  tliis  family  were  grown  numerous  enough  to 
hi  a  people,  the  Almighty  himself  became  their 
King.  "  With  a  mighty  hand,  and  a  stretched-out 
arm,"  he  delivered  them  from  Egyptian  bondage; 
and,  after  a  series  of  most  wonderful  miracles,  to 
confirm  their  faith,  and  to  destroy  their  idolatrous 
enemies — a  passage  is  opened  for  them  through 
the  Red  Sea — pillars  of  cloud  and  fire  alternately 
direct  their  march;  and  the  Almighty  establishes 
his  covenant  with  them  on  Mount  Sinai,  promising 
them  every  blessing,  on  condition  that  they  ob- 
served his  laws  and  statutes,  and  refrained  from 


idolatry.  At  length  they  were  put  in  possession  of 
the  land  promised  to  their  forefathers.  Gen.  xv.  18  ; 
and,  to  furnish  them  with  a  most  convincing  proof 
of  the  imbecility  of  idol-gods,  and  of  the  great  sin 
of  idolatry,  they  were  conunissioned  to  destroy  all 
the  nations  of  Canaan  who  trusted  in  them.  Still 
the  Israehtes,  on  every  opportunity,  showed  that 
they  were  not  entirely  alienated  from  the  false 
worship  of  the  neiglibouring  nations;  and,  for  a 
long  course  of  years,  they  were  exercised  with  a 
variety  of  dispensations  :  when  they  were  obedient 
to  the  laws  and  service  of  God,  they  were  trium- 
phant and  prosperous ;  when  they  forsook  him, 
they  were  in  distress  and  bondage.  Often  as  the 
people  apostatized,  idolatry  never  received  support 
from  the  head  of  the  nation  till  the  time  of  Solo- 
mon, who  was  the  first  ruler  that  erected  an  idola- 
trous altar,  and  who  bowed  down  before  a  graven 
image.  With  this  act,  idolatry  may  be  considered 
as  usurping  the  established  dominion  of  the  true 
religion,  and  to  reign  in  her  stead.  The  nation  soon 
after  divided  :  the  ten  tribes  wholly  revolted  from 
the  God  of  their  fathers,  and  formed  themseb  es  into 
a  distinct  people.  They  resistec  all  the  appeals  of 
their  prophets,  the  miracles  of  Elijah  and  Elisha, 
the  judgments  of  God,  the  continued  fulfilment  of 
various  "predictions,  and  every  other  evidence  of  the 
truth  of  their  Scriptures,  and  were  at  last  taken 
captive  at  three  several  invasions  by  the  kings  of 
Assyria — by  Tiglath-Pileser,  in  the  reign  of  Ahaz  ; 
by  8halmaneser,  in  that  of  Hezekiah  ;  and  by  Esar- 
haddon,  in  the  reign  of  Manasseh. 

The  people  of  Judah,  through  frequently  relaps- 
ing into  idolatry,  had  never  so  entirely  devoted 
themselves  to  it,  as  totally  to  renounce  the  worship 
of  God  ;  and  they  were  still  permitted  to  continue 
in  the  promised  land  more  than  one  hundred  years 
after  the  oreat  captivity  of  the  ten  tribes  by  Senna- 
cherib. During  the  whole  of  this  period,  they  were 
constantly  appealed  to  by  judgments,  prophecies, 
and  promises,  to  repent  of  their  idolatries,  and  to 
become  wliolly  devoted  to  tlie  God  of  their  fathers 
There  seems  to  have  been  in  the  kingdom  of  Judah, 
an  uninterrupted  contest  between  the  worshippers 


896 


SECOND  READING  OF  THE  ROLL. 


[Period  VII. 


before  the  Lord  to  all  the  people  in  Jerusalem,  and  to  all  the  people 
that  came  from  the  cities  of  Judah  unto  Jerusalem.  ^°  Then  read 
Baruch'^'  in  the  book  the  words  of  Jeremiah  in  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
in  the  chamber  of  Gemariah  the  son  of  Sha[)han  the  scribe,  in  the 
higher  court,  at  the  "entry  of  the  new  gate  of  the  Lord's  house,  in 
the  ears  of  all  the  |)eople. 

^^  When  Michaiah  the  son  of  Gemariali,  the  son  of  Shaphan,  had 
heard  out  of  the  book  all  the  words  of  the  Lord,  ^-  then  he  \\'ent  down 
into  the  king's  house,  into  the  scribe's  chamber  :  and,  lo  !  all  the  princes 
sat  there,  even  Elishama  the  scribe,  and  Delaiah  the  son  of  Shemaiah, 
and  Elnathan  the  son  of  Achbor,  and  Gemariah  the  son  of  Shaphan, 
and  Zedekiah  the  son  of  Hananiah,  and  all  the  princes.  ^^  Then  Mi- 
chaiah declared  unto  them  all  the  words  that  he  had  heard,  when  Baruch 
read  the  l)ook  in  the  ears  of  the  people.  ^"^  Therefore  all  the  princes 
sent  Jehudi  the  son  of  Nethaniah,  the  son  of  Shelemiah,  the  son  of 
Cushi,  unto  Baruch,  saying,  "  Take  in  thy  hand  the  roll  wherein  thou 
hast  read  in  the  ears  of  the  people,  and  come."  So  Baruch  the  son 
of  Neriah  took  the  roll  in  his  hand,  and  came  unto  them.  ^^And  they 
said  unto  him,  '•  Sit  down  now,  and  read  it  in  our  ears."  So  Baruch 
read  it  in  their  ears.  ^'^  Now  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  had  heard  all 
the  words,  they  were  afraid  both  one  and  other,  and  said  unto  Baruch, 
"  We  will  surely  fell  the  king  of  all  these  words."  ^"^  And  they  asked 
Baruch,  saying,  ''  Tell  us  now,  How  didst  thou  write  all  these  words  at 
his  mouth  ?  "   ^^  Then   Baruch  answered  them,  "  He  pronounced   all 


of  Jehovah  and  those  of  idols  ;  but  the  party  of  the 
latter  so  much  predominated,  that  all  the  exertions 
of  good  kings,  and  the  constant  exhortations  and 
denunciations  of  the  prophets,  were  inelFectual  to 
produce  a  reformation  ;  the  attachment  of  the  Jews 
to  the  worship  of  the  God  of  their  fathers  visibly 
and  gradually  declined,  till  an  open  and  general 
apostacy  threatened  to  ensue.  Tlie  prophets  of  the 
Lord  were  insulted,  imprisoned,  and  slain.  Idolatry 
was  openly  advocated — its  grossest  superstitions 
resorted  to — and  the  worship  of  Jeliovah  abandoned. 
Prosperity  and  adversity,  prophecj'  and  miracle, 
the  desolations  of  war,  the  loss  of  power,  wealth, 
preeminence,  and  liberty,  were  alike  in  vain  inflict- 
ed, to  reclaim  this  rebellious  race.  "  Tlie  whole 
head  is  sick,  and  the  whole  heart  faint" — a  uni- 
versal degeneracy  prevailed,  and  threatened  in  a 
short  time  to  annihilate  God's  visible  Cliurch  upon 
earth.  To  wean  the  Jews  from  this  universal  idola- 
try, and  tocontmue  the  knowledge  of  the  true  God 
in  the  world  ;  not  only  to  this  single  nation,  but 
to  all  the  future  nations  of  the  earth  ;  God  in  his 
mercy  inHicted  a  n^w  judgment  on  his  people,  to 
the  gracious  eflTects  of  which  we  may  perhaps,  even 
to  this  day,  consider  ourselves  indebted  for  the 
Hebrew  Scriptures  and  the  very  existence  of  the 
Christian  Church. 

After  a  succession  of  punishments,  and  every 
possible  appeal  to  their  feelings  and  understand- 
ings had  been  constantly  and  vainly  made,  the 
seventy  years'  captivity  began.  This  dreadful 
calamity  came  upon  them  gradually  ;  it  was  brought 
upon  them  for  their  sins,  as  M.oses  had  foretold. 
Lev.  xxvi.  30-:}r>,  and  was  the  means  decreed 
by  Divine  Wisdom  to  offcct  their  reformation. 
While  their  sad  and  desolate  state  naturally  tended 
to  excite  in  them  serious  reflections  on  their  past 
conduct — while  the  recollection  of  their  iniquities 
and  idolatry  would  be  still  fresh  in  their  memory, 
and  the  denunciations  and  predictions  of  their 
prophets  were  too  faithfully  accomplished,  and  too 
severely  felt — they  learned  to  detest  the  cause  of  all 
these  siirt'erins's,  to  h'Mior  God,  and  to  keep  his 
laws.  This  disnensation  was  also  calculated  to 
spread  the  knowledge  of  God  in  (liose  eastern  coun- 
tries   where    the    Jewish    people    were    stationed. 


Through  the  merciful  interposition  of  divine  Provi- 
dence, some  of  the  distinguished  captives  were 
raised  to  the  highest  posts  of  dignity  and  power  in 
the  courts  both  of  Assyria  and  Persia,  and  the 
greatest  monarchs.  from  their  constancy  and  fidelity, 
openly  confessed  the  living  and  true  God,  Dan.  ii. 
47,  &c.  iv.  34,  &c. ;  and  made  decrees  in  favor  of 
his  worship,  Esther  viii.  7,  and  following  verses, 
Dan.  iii.  20.  vi.  26.  The  great  Cyrus  was  so  well 
acquainted  with  the  true  God.  that  one  of  his  first 
acts,  after  he  obtained  the  empire  of  Persia,  was  to 
make  a  decree  for  the  return  of  the  Jews  into  their 
own  country,  and  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  temple, 
Ezra  i.  From  all  this  it  is  evidenC  that  the  Jews 
in  their  captivity  must  have  re])ented  of  their  trans- 
gressions, and  "  must  have  known  and  seen  that  it 
was  an  evil  thing  and  bitter,  that  they  had  forsaken 
the  Lord  their  God  ;  "  for,  during  their  appointed 
sojourning  in  stransre  lands,  tliey  were  a  burnintr 
shining  light  to  all  the  eastern  countries.  And  thus, 
in  this  dispensation,  the  Almighty,  in  punishing 
his  peculiar  people,  and  in  bringing  about  their  ref- 
ormation, made  them  the  messengers  of  his  glorv 
and  power,  and  the  instruments  of  his  mercj*.  in 
conveying  to  nations  that  were  in  "  darkness  and 
the  shadow  of  de<ath,"  the  knowledge  of  the  one 
true  God.  the  Creator  and  Preserver  of  tlie  world. 
(^)  It  has  been  already  stated,  that  the  roll  of 
Jeremiah's  prophecies  is  supposed  to  have  been 
read  twice.  From  ver.  0  and  10,  of  Jeremiah 
xxxvi.  it  appears  that  the  second  time  it  was  read 
was  on  the  fast  day  in  the  ninth  month  of  the  fifth 
year  of  Jehoiakim.  This  day  of  humiliation,  in  all 
probability,  was  appointed  by  the  king  or  the  San- 
hedrin,  in  remembrance  of  some  great  calamity,  as 
the  great  day  of  fasting  and  expiation  annually  ob- 
served by  the  Jews,  was  always  held  on  the  tenth 
day  of  the  month  Tisri.  This  fast,  therefore,  is 
generally  supposed  to  have  been  instituted  in  com- 
memoration of  the  calamity  which  had  befallen 
Jerusalem  on  the  same  day  of  the  preceding  J'ear, 
when  Nebuchadnezzar  took  Jerusalem  ;  and  it  is 
still  observed  by  the  Jews  in  reference  to  this  event. 
This  part  of  chapter  xxxvi.  is  inserted  here  on  the 
united  authorities  of  Calmet,  Prideaux,  Lightfoot, 
Taylor,  and  Archbishop  Usher. 


Part  I.]  REBELLION  AND  DEATH  OF  JEHOIAKIM.  897 

these  words  unto  me  with  his  mouth,  and  T  wrote  them  with  ink  in  the 
book."  1'^  Then  said  the  princes  unto  Baruch,  "  Go,  hide  thee,  thou 
and  Jeremiah  ;  and  let  no  man  know  where  ye  be." 

-^  And  they  went  in  to  the  king  into  the  court,  but  they  laid  up  the 
roll  in  the  chamber  of  Elishama  the  scribe,  and  told  all  the  words  in 
the  ears  of  the  king.  ~^  So  the  king  sent  Jehudi  to  fetch  the  roll ;  and 
he  took  it  out  of  Elishama  the  scribe's  chamber.  And  Jehudi  read  it 
in  the  ears  of  the  king,  and  in  the  ears  of  all  the  princes  which  stood 
a  See  Am.  3. 15.  beside  the  king.  "  Now  the  king  sat  in  "the  winter-house  in  the  ninth 
month  ;  and  there  was  a  fire  on  the  hearth  burning  before  him.  ^^  And 
it  came  to  pass,  that  when  Jehudi  had  read  three  or  four  leaves,  he  cut 
it  with  the  penknife,  and  cast  it  into  the  fire  that  was  on  the  hearth, 
until  all  the  roll  was  consumed  in  the  fire  that  was  on  the  hearth. 
24  Yet  they  were  not  afraid,  nor  rent  their  garments,  neither  the  king, 
nor  any  of  his  servants  that  heard  all  these  words,  ^s  Nevertheless 
Elnathan  and  Delaiah  and  Gemariah  had  made  intercession  to  the 
king  that  he  would  not  burn  the  roll  ;  but  he  would  not  hear  them. 
tor,  of  the  kin..  26  jfut  the  king  commanded  Jerahmeel  the  son  tof  Hammelech,  and 
Seraiah  the  son  of  Azriel,  and  Shelemiah  the  son  of  Abdeel,  to  take 
Baruch  the  scribe  and  Jeremiah  the  prophet :  but  the  Lord  hid  them. 

2^  Then  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Jeremiah,  after  that  the  king 
had  burned  the  roll,  and  the  words  which  Baruch  wrote  at  the  mouth 
of  Jeremiah,  saying,  ^^Take  thee  again  another  roll,  and  write  in  it 
all  the  former  words  that  were  in  the  first  roll,  which  Jehoiakim  the  king 
of  Judah  hath  burned.  2-)  And  thou  shalt  say  to  Jehoiakim  king  of 
Judah,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  Thou  hast  burned  this  roll,  saying.  Why 
hast  thou  written  therein,  saying,  The  king  of  Babylon  shall  certainly 
come  and  destroy  this  land,  and  shall  cause  to  cease  from  thence  man 
and  beast  ?  ^o  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  Jehoiakim  king  of 
Judah  ; 
6  je.  22. 3u.  jjc  'shall  havc  none  to  sit  upon  the  throne  of  David  ; 

And  his  dead  body  shall  be  'cast  out 

In  the  day  to  the  heat, 

And  in  the  night  to  the  frost. 
31  And  I  will  t  punish  him  and  his  seed  and  his  servants  for  their  iniquity  ; 

And  I  will  bring  upon  them, 

And  upon  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  and  upon  the  men  of  Judah, 

All  the  evil  that  I  have  pronounced  against  them  ; 

But  they  hearkened  not. 

32  Then  took  Jeremiah  another  roll,  and  gave  it  to  Baruch  the  scribe, 

the  son  of  Neriah  ;  who  wrote  therein  from   the  mouth  of  Jeremiah 

all  the    words   of   the  book    which    Jehoiakim    king  of   Judah    had 

,.  as  they,      bumcd  in  the  fire:  and   there  were  added  besides  unto  them  many 

.  *like  words. 

3CT.  II.  Section    IL — RcbdUon  and  Death  of  JehoiaUm. 

ATlin.       2  Kings  xxiv.  part  ofvcr.  1  and  2.-2  Chron.   xxxvi.  8.-2  Kings  xxiv.  5.-2  Chron. 
"*•  xxxvi.  5. 

—  1  Then  ^'Mie'^  turned  and  rebelled  against  him.  ^  And  the  Lord  sent 

ao-ainst  him  bands  of  the  Chaldees,  and  bands  of  the   Syrians,  and 


e  Je.  22.  19. 


.  e.  Jehoiaki 
-Ed. 


(^)  Jehoiakim   rebelled  against  Nebuchadnezzar'  whom,    in    the   tenth  year   of  Jehoiakini,  he    was 

thrVe  years  af^er   that  monarch  had   released  him  called  upon  to  mediate  a  peace,  sent  orders  to   all 

from  frttersrand   restored    him   to  his  kingdom,  his  lieutenants,  and  governors  of  provinces  to  make 

tZ  div  sion  of  the  verse,  though  apparently  very  war  upon  the  weakened  k\ngdom  of  Judah   and  to 

abrupt  and  sincrular,  is  unavoidable,  from  the  neces-  ravage  the  land  on  every  side.    This  brought  upon 

Sv  of  attendin-r  to  the  history.     Nebuchadnezzar,  .Jehoiakim  all  the  neighbouring  nations  w^i^h  were 

of  this  revolt  being  probably  prevented  from  going  subject  to  the   Babylonian^  povver       At  the   end  of 

himselfto  Jerusalem   by  bein(ren<ra<rcd  in  ob.serv-  three    years,    during    which    time    the^e    ditterent 

llirthe  motion^^of  tl^  Medes  and  iLydians,  between  people  had  been  constantly  harrassing  the  surround- 
vnr,.    T.                                           1 13 


898 


REIGN  OF  JEHOIACHIN. 


[Period  VIl. 


*  Heb.  by  the 
hand  of. 


\  Or,  JcconiaJi, 
1  Ch.  3.  Hi,  or, 
Contali,  Je.  22. 


bands  of  the  Moabites,  and  bands  of  the  children  of  Ammon,  and  sent 
them  ai^ainst  Judah  to  destroy  it,  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord, 
which  lie  spake    by  his  servants  the  prophets. 

^  Now  the  rest  of  tiie  acts  of  Jehoiakim,  and  his  abomina-         2  Chron. 
tions  which  he  did,  and  that  which  was  found  in  him,  be-  xxxvi.  8. 

hold,  they  are  written  in  the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah: 
and  tJehoiachin  his  son  reigned  in  his  stead. 

2  Chkon.  xxxvi.  5. — Jehoiakim  was  twenty  and  five  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign, 
and  he  reigned  eleven  years  in  Jerusalem  :  and  he  did  that  which  was  evil  in  the  sight  of 
the  Lord  his  God. 

Jehoiakim.  and  all  that  lie  did,  are  they 
kino-s  of  Judah  .' 


2  Ki.vGs  xxiv.  5. — Now  the  rest  of  the  acts  ol 
not  written  in  tlie  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  tl. 


A.  M.  3405. 
B.  C.  599. 


Section  III. — Reign  of  Jchoiacinn ; — Jeremiah  prophesies  the    Coining  of 

the  Messiah  ; — The  Jews  arc  carried  into  Captivity. 

2  Kings   xxiv.    G-'J. — Jer.    xxii.  24,    to   the   end,  and   xxiii. — 2  Kings    xxiv.    10-16. — 

2  Chron.  xxxvi.  10,  9. 

Accession  of  Jehiriachin.  IVie  Icing  of  E^ijpt  is  vanquished  Inj  the  king  of  Bahylon.  Jehoiachin's 
ei-il  reign.  Jeremiah  prophesieth  the  judgiiienl  of  Coniah  and  a  restoration  of  the  scattered  flock. 
Christ  shall  rule  and  save  them  against  fitse  propliets  ajid  mockers  of  the  true  ■prophets.  Jeni- 
salem  is  taken  and  the  Jetrs  carried  captive  into  Babylon. 

^  So  Jehoiakim  slept  with  his  fathers  :  and  Jehoiachin  his  son  reigned 
in  his  stead. 

"  And  the  king  of  Egypt  came  not  again  any  more  out  of  his  land  ; 
*  Called ./moiiaA,  for  the  king  of  Babylon  had  taken  from  the  river  of  Egypt  unto  the  river 
24.  i;  and  Co-**"    Euphratcs  all  that  pertained  to  the  king  of  Egypt. 
■mnh,  Je.  23. 24,       y  ^Jehoiacluu  was  '^'eighteen  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and 

ing  country,  they  at  length  united  against  Jeru- 
salem. Jehoiakim,  it  is  generally  supposed,  was 
taken  prisoner  in  a  sally  which  he  made  upon  them ; 
and  being  slain  witli  a  sword,  according  to  the  pre- 
diction of  Jeremiah,  his  dead  body  was  ignomin- 
iously  cast  out  into  the  highway,  without  one  of  the 
gates  of  Jerusalem. — Prideaux's  Connection,  vol.  i. 
p.  95. 

{*)  On  comparing  2  Kings  xxiv.  8,  with  the  par- 
allel passage  2  (_'hron.  xxxvi.  !),  we  observe,  that 
in  tile  first  of  these  Jehoiachin  is  said  to  have  been 
eighteen  when  he  began  to  reign ;  and,  in  the 
other,  that  he  was  only  eight  years  old.  The  dif- 
ference maybe  reconciled,  either  by  supposing  that 
the  custom  of  uniting  the  successor  to  the  throne 
with  its  actual  possessor,  which  seems  to  have  uni- 
formly existed  in  the  kingdom  of  Judah,  had  been 
here  adopted  ;  or,  as  Liglitfoot  conjectures,  that  the 
commencement  of  the  captivity  is  referred  to  in 
2  Chron.  xxxvi.  U  ;  and  that  tliis  passage  signifies 
tliat  Jehoiachin  began  to  reign  in  the  eightli  year 
of  the  first  captivity  by  Nebuchadnezzar.  Unmoved 
either  by  the  warning  of  Jeremiah,  the  calamities 
of  his  country,  or  the  fate  of  his  father,  Jehoiachin 
continued  to  "  do  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord." 
His  conduct  provoked  a  bitter  declaration  of  God's 
wrath  against  hiin,  by  the  moiitli  of  the  prophet 
Jeremiah,  and  it  was  as  l>itterly  executed  upon  liiiu. 
After  Jehoiakim"s  death,  Jerusalem  was  still  be- 
sieged by  the  governors  of  the  provinces,  and  the 
other  officers  of  Nebuchadnezzar  ;  and,  at  the  end 
of  three  months,  this  king  himself,  having  settled 
the  affairs  of  Asia  Minor,  advanced  with  the  royal 
army,  and  laid  siege  in  person  to  that  city.  Jehoi- 
achin, finding  it  was  not  possible  to  defend  Jeru- 
salem, surrendered  it,  with  himself,  his  mother,  his 
princes,  and  his  servants,  to  Nebuchadnezzar.  He 
was  immediately  put  into  chains,  and  carried  pris- 
oner to  Babylon,  wliere  he  continued  till  Nebuchad- 
nezzar's deatli,  shut  up  in  prison,  for  at  least  thirty- 
seven  years. 

The  latter  part  of  this  prophecy  (Jer.  x.\ii.  2!).), 
is  thus  translated  b}'  Dr.  Hales  -.— 

"  Oh  earth,  earth.earth.hear  the  word  oi'tlie  l-ord  ! 
Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Write  tliis  man  childless 


A  man  who  shall  not  prosper  in  his  days  : 
For  none  of  his  seed  shall  prosper. 
Sitting  upon  the  throne  of  David, 
And  reigning  any  more  over  Judah." 

When  Jehoiachin  was  deposed  by  Nebuchad- 
nezzar, Zedekiah  was  made  king  ;  and  none  of  Je- 
hoiachin's family  ever  came  to  the  throne.  For 
allowing  that  Sheshbazzar  (who  was  appointed 
governor  of  Juda?a  under  the  title  of  Zerubbabel.at 
the  return  from  the  captivity  in  the  first  year  of 
Cyrus,  Ezra  i.  8.),  was  the  lineal  descendant  of 
Jeconiah,  1  Chron.  iii.  17-19.  Matt.  i.  12;  yet  ho 
was  merely  a  provincial  governor,  Haggai  i.  1  ;  a 
mere  vassal  of  the  king  of  Persia,  in  whom  the 
sovereignty  rested,  and  therefore  he  could  not  be 
considered  as  sitting  on  the  throne  of  David,  and 
ruling  in  Judah.  Not  any  of  the  kings  that  reigned 
afterwards  in  Judah  were  even  of  the  family  of  Da- 
vid, till  Christ  himself  came;  not  of  the  seed  of 
Jehoiachin,  but  descended  from  the  same  ancestor 
by  a  collateral  line.  The  prophet  emphatically  and 
solemnly  calls  upon  tlie  earth,  to  witness  the  disso- 
lution of  the  temporal  kingdom  of  the  house  of  Da- 
vid, and  predicts,  in  a  beautiful  metaphor  before 
used  by  Isaiah,  the  spiritual  kingdom  that  should 
succeed  it  (compare  Jer.  xxiii.  5.  with  Isaiah  xi.  ] .)  ; 
and  thus,  at  the  very  moment  when  the  failure  of 
Solomon's  house  is  denounced,  God  in  bis  mercy 
declares  he  will  raise  from  the  root  of  Jesse  nn 
everlasting  kingdom,  a  righteous  branch,  to  live 
and  to  flourish  Tor  ever.  The  twenty-third  chap- 
ter begins  with  denunciations  of  woe  against  all 
tliose  evil  shepherds  who  scattered,  instead  of  at- 
tending to  the  flock.  Zedekiah  is  generally  sup- 
posed to  be  alluded  to  as  one  of  the  evil  pastors, 
ver.  1,  2.  From  ver.  3-9.  the  people  are  consoled 
with  gracious  promises  of  future  blessings,  of  their 
return  from  captivity,  and  of  the  glorious  establish- 
ment of  Messiah's  kingdom.  Jeremiah  then,  with 
a  broken  heart,  seems  to  revert  again  to  the  ruin 
that  awaited  the  house  of  David,  and,  in  proclaim- 
ing its  decay,  denounces  the  just  judgments  of  God 
on  those  false  prophets  who  had  predicted  its  du- 
ration, who  had  deceived  the  nation  to  its  ruin; 
and  wiiose   bad    examples  and  evil  doctrines  had 


Part  I]  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  COMING  OF  THE  MESSIAH.  899 

he  reic^ned  in  Jerusalem  three  months  And  his  mother's  name  was 
NeL^hta,  the  daughter  of  Eh.athan  of  Jerusalem  ^  And  he  did  that 
MwasevW  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  accordmg  to  all  that  his  father 
had  done. 

24  As  I  hve,  saith  the  Lord,  ^ITZhe  ^' 

Though  Coniah  the  son  of  Jehoiakim  king  of  Judah       ~4,  to      end. 

Were'the  signet  upon  my  right  hand, 

Yet  would  I  pluck  thee  thence  ;  ,    ..      it 

25  4nd  I  will  -ive  thee  into  the  hand  of  tnem  that  seek  thy  life, 
And  into  tfe  hand  of  them  whose  face  thou  fearest 

Even  into  the  hand  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon, 
And  into  the  hand  of  the  Chaldeans. 

26  And  I  will  cast  thee  out. 

And  thy  mother  that  bare  thee, 
Into  another  country,  where  ye  were  not  born  ; 
And  there  shall  ve  die. 
tHeb.!//*^«P       27  But  to  the  land  whereunto  they  tdesire  to  return, 
Thither  shall  they  not  return. 
Is  this  man  Coniah  a  despised  broken  idol  ? 
Is  he  a  vessel  wherein  is  no  pleasure  ? 
Wherefore  are  they  cast  out,  he  and  his  seed, 
And  are  cast  into  a  land  which  they  knovv  not  ? 

sJ  O  "earth,  earth,  earth,  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  ! 


tlieir  mind,  Je. 
44.  14 


aDe.  33.  1.  Ts 

Mic.  I.2.'  ■      30  Yhus  saith  the  Lord 


b  See  1  ch.  3.  Write  ye  this  man  'childless, 

i«,  17.  Mat.  1.         ^  ^^^^  ^^^^  ^^^jj  ^^^^  p^^gpgr  in  his  days  : 

For  no  man  of  his  seed  shall  prosper, 
Sitting  upon  the  throne  of  David, 

And  ruling  any  more  in  Judah.  jpkemiah  xxiii. 

cEz.34.2.  1  Woe  'be  unto  the  pastors 

That  destroy  and  scatter  the  sheep  of  my  pasture  !   saith  the  Lord. 
2  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  of  Israel 
Airainst  the  pastors  that  feed  my  people ; 
Ye  have  scattered  my  flock,  and  driven  them  away, 
And  have  not  visited  them  :  -..i  *u   t  ^  ^ 

Behold,  T  will  visit  upon  you  the  evil  of  your  doings,  saith  the  Lord. 
eje.3'2.37.Ez.      3  And  T  wiU  gather  the  remnant  of  my  flock 
'''■ '''  ^"  Out  of  all  countries  whither  I  have  driven  them, 

And  will  bring  them  again  to  their  folds  ; 

And  they  shall  be  fruitful  and  increase.     ,  .  ^    ,    „  „     ,  ^,^  . 
f^e.  3. 15.  E.       4  And  I  ^  set  up  -'shepherds  over  them  which  shall  feed  them  : 
"i^.:tl n.         And  they  shall  fear  no  more,  nor  be  dismayed, 
leVI:^^  'L.       Neither  shall  they  be  lacking,  saith  the  Lord. 
9. 94.  Zee.  3  8.     5  gehold,  'the  days  couie,  saith  tlic  LoRD, 
^5.'-  "•  That  I  will  raise  unto  David  a  righteous  Branch, 

h  ps.  72. 2.  Is.  ^^^^  ^  j^lj^g  gj^^lj  f gig(^  and  prosper. 


32.  ],  18.  & 

7 


And  a  JVlllg  snail  icign  «i..--  t— r  _-7  .  ^„..*u 

And  "shall  execute  judgment  and  justice  m  the  eaith. 

.33.  28.  Zee.      ^  ^^^   ^^^.^  ^^^^^   j^^j^j^   shall  bc   SaVCd, 


.je'.3i.37.  And  IsraeP shall  dwell  safel}  . 

.  j.^v3. 16. 1  CO.       ^^^^  ,^^.^  .^  j^.^  ^^^^^^  ^^l^greby  he  shall  be  called 

b.  Jehovnh- 


X  Heb.  Jehovah-  JThE  LoRD  OUR  RIGHTEOUSNESS. 


SO  largely  contributed  to  the  corruption  of  the  visi-  cy  y    P  ^^^  ^^^^  objection  to  Micamh 

ble  Church.     He  exhorts  the  people  not   o    ru  t  in  ^  ^^^udcrment  threatened  in  the  two  last  verses  of 

them,  and  threatens  with  severe  PU"';!'^.^"^^  all  4' ^^  J^^^^^er  is  still  fulfilling,  and  the  Jews  will  re- 

those  who,  in  defiance  of  this  command,  still  con-  J'"!  ^?,\i;^^„l„,tincr  reproach,"  and  a  »  perpetual 

tinue  to  give  ear  to  their  deceitful  dreams,  and  cals  main     ,f  »J^^[  «j,  ^^  fi^^n     restored  to   the 

the  word^f  the  Lord  spoken  by  his  true  prophets  «  ^^'ne,     till  ^^^^y         Lightfoot ;  Blayney  ;  Hale., 

''a  burden,"  which  signifies  a  calamitous  prophe-  city  ol  their  latners.         g 


900  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIETH  AGAINST  FALSE  PROPHETS.     [Period  VH. 

"^  Therefore,  behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 
That  they  shall  no  more  say,  ''  The  Lord  liveth, 
Which  brought  up  the  children  of  Israel  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt ;  " 

^  But,  Tile  Lord  hveth, 
Which  brought  up  and  which  led  the  seed  of  the  house  of  Israel 
Out  of  the  north  country,  and  from  all  countries  whither  I  had  driven 
And  they  shall  dwell  in  their  own  land.  [them; 

^  My  heart  within  me  is  broken  because  of  the  prophets ; 
All  my  bones  shake  ; 
I  am  like  a  drunken  man. 
And  like  a  man  whom  wine  hath  overcome, 
Because  of  the  Lord, 
And  because  of  the  words  of  his  holiness. 
^°  For  the  land  is  full  of  adulterers  ; 
*oi,curMg.  YoY  because  of  *swearing  the  land  mourneth  ; 

The  pleasant  places  of  the  wilderness  are  dried  up, 

t  Oi,vwlence.  ^y^^  thgi^  fcourSC  is  Cvil, 

And  their  force  is  not  right, 
zzep. 3. 4.  11  Yqx^  'both  prophet  and  priest  are  profane; 

Yea,  in  my  house  have  I  found  their  wickedness,  saith  the  Lord. 
TO  pb.  35. 6.  Pr.  4.  12  "Wherefore  "'their  way  shall   be  unto  them  as  slippery  ways  in  the 

They  shall  be  driven  on,  and  fall  therein  ;  [darkness : 

For  I  will  bring  evil  upon  them, 

Even  the  year  of  their  visitation,  saith  the  Lord. 
^tAi«'<r°"Htb"^un-  ^^  "^"'^  ^  '^^^'*^  ^^'^"  tfolly  in  the  prophets  of  Samaria ; 

savory.  They  prophosicd  in  Baal,  and  caused  my  people  Israel  to  err. 

*  ot,fiithiMss.     14  J  i^j^yg  gggj^  ^|gQ  jj^  ^jjg  prophets  of  Jerusalem  *a  horrible  thing  : 

They  commit  adultery,  and  walk  in  lies  : 

They  strengthen  also  the  hands  of  evil-doers. 

That  none  doth  return  from  his  wickedness : 
"j^8. 32. 32.  Is.        They  are  all  of  them  unto  me  as  "Sodom, 

And  the  inhabitants  thereof  as  Gomorrah. 

^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  concerning  the  prophets ; 

Behold,  I  will  feed  them  with  wormwood, 

And  make  them  drink  the  water  of  gall : 
\  Ox,  hypocrisy.         Yox  froui  the  prophcts  of  Jerusalem  is  fprofaneness  gone  forth  into 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  [all  the  land. 

Hearken  not  unto  the  words  of  the  prophets  that  prophesy  unto  you  : 

They  make  you  vain  : 

They  speak  a  vision  of  their  own  heart. 

And  not  out  of  the  mouth  of  the  Lord. 
^'  They  say  still  unto  them  that  despise  me, 

"  The  Lord  hath  said.  Ye  shall  have  peace  ;  " 
^7.°'/ le^T'io.        ^^^  *'^®y  ^^y  ""^*^  every  one  that  walketh  after  the  timagination  of 

"  No  evil  shall  come  upon  you."  [his  own  heart, 

o^joM5.8.  iCo.  18  Yor  "who  hath  stood  in  the  *counsel  of  the  Lord, 

*  Or,  secret.  And  hath  perceived  and  heard  his  word? 

Who  hath  marked  his  word,  and  heard  it  ? 
^^  Behold,  a  whirlwind  of  the  Lord  is  gone  forth  in  fury, 
Even  a  grievous  whirlwind  : 

It  shall  fall  grievously  upon  the  head  of  the  wicked. 
^^  The  anger  of  the  Lord  shall  not  return. 

Until  he  have  executed,  and  till  he  have  performed 
The  thoughts  of  his  heart : 
psee  Ge.49  1.        jjj  /'t^e  latter  days  ye  shall  consider  it  perfectly. 

-'  I  have  not  sent  these  prophets — yet  they  ran  : 
I  have  not  spoken  to  them — yet  they  prophesied. 


Part  I.]  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIETH  AGAINST  FALSE  PROPHETS.  i)01 

22  But  if  they  had  stood  in  my  counsel, 

And  had  caused  my  people  to  hear  my  words, 

Then  they  should  have  turned  thein  from  their  evil  way, 

And  from  the  evil  of  their  doings. 

23  Am  I  a  God  at  hand,  saith  the  Lord, 
And  not  a  God  afar  off? 
,seeGe.3.8.      24  Q^,^  ,^„y  'hije  hiuisclf  in  sccret  places 

That  I  shall  not  see  him  ?  saith  the  Lord. 
r  1  Ki.  8. 27.  Ps.        J)q  '^n„t  I  fill  heavcu  and  earth  ?   saith  the  Lord. 
25  I  \y^yQ  heard  what  the  prophets  said, 
That  prophesy  lies  in  my  name,  saying, 
"  I  have  dreamed,  I  have  dreamed," 
26  How  long  shall  this  be  in  the  heart  of  the  prophets  that  prophesy  lies  ? 

Yea,  they  are  prophets  of  the  deceit  of  their  own  heart ; 
2'^  Which  think  to  cause  my  people 
To  forget  my  name  by  their  dreams 
Which  they  tell  every  man  to  his  neighbour, 
aju.s.  7.&8.  As  'their  fathers  have  forgotten  my  name  for  Baal. 

^'iel^.'witkwhom  2^  The  prophet  tthat  hath  a^lream— let  him  tell  a  dream ; 
i^-  And  he  that  hath  my  word — let  him  speak  my  word  faithfully. 

What  is  the  chaff  to  the  wheat  ?   saith  the  Lord. 
29  Is  not  my  word  like  as  a  fire  ?   saith  the  Lord  ; 

And  like  a  hammer  that  breaketh  the  rock  in  pieces  ? 
tDe.  18.20.  30  Therefore,  behold,  'I  am  against  the  prophets,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  steal  my  words  every  one  from  his  neighbour. 
3^  Behold,  I  am  against  the  prophets,  saith  the  Lord, 
X  Or,  smooth  iheir       That  tuse  their  tongues,  and  say,  "  He  saith." 
tongues.  32  Behold,  I  am  against  them  that  prophesy  false  dreams,  saith  the  Lord, 

And  do  tell  them,  and  cause  my  people  to  err 
By  their  lies,  and  by  their  lightness : 
Yet  I  sent  them  not,  nor  commanded  them  : 
Therefore  they  shall  not  profit  this  people  at  all,  saith  the  Lord. 

^^  And  when  this  people. 
Or  the  prophet,  or  a  priest,  shall  ask  thee,  saying, 
What  is  the  burden  of  the  Lord  ? 
Thou  shalt  then  say  unto  them.  What  burden  ? 
I  will  even  forsake  you,  saith  the  Lord. 
3''  And  as  for  the  prophet,  and  the  priest,  and  the  people, 
That  shall  say.  The  burden  of  the  Lord, 
*  Heb.  visit  upon.       I  will  ovcu    puuish  that  man  and  his  house. 

35  Thus  shall  ye  say  every  one  to  his  neighbour, 
And  every  one  to  his  brother. 

What  hath  the  Lord  answered  ? 
And,  What  hath  the  Lord  spoken  ? 

36  And  the  burden  of  the  Lord  shall  ye  mention  no  more : 
For  every  man's  word  shall  be  his  burden  ; 

For  ye  have  perverted  the  words  of  the  living  God, 

Of  the  Lord  of  hosts  our  God. 
3'='  Thus  shalt  thou  say  to  the  prophet. 

What  hath  the  Lord  answered  thee  ? 

And,  What  hath  the  Lord  spoken  ? 
38  But  since  ye  say,  The  burden  of  the  Lord  ; 

Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Because  ye  say  this  word,  "  The  burden  of  the  Lord," 

And  I  have  sent  unto  you,  saying. 

Ye  shall  not  say,  "The  burden  of  the  Lord  ; " 
«Ho.4.6.  39  Therefore,  behold,  I,  even  I,  "will  utterly  forget  you 

vnr       1  3    X 


902 


ACCESSION  OF  ZEDEKIAH. 


[Period  VII. 


t  Heb.  I 
sif:<re. 


J  Or,  puniic/ts. 
to  JVehacliadnez- 

zur's  eiglith 

year,  Je.  25. 1. 
X  See  2  Ki.  25. 

27. 

y  See  Je.  52.  28. 
zJe.  ax  17.  Is. 

39.  6. 
a  See  Da.  5.  2,  3. 
6  Je.  20.  5. 
c  Je.  24. 1. 
d  See  Je.  52.  28. 
e  So  1  Sa.  13.  19, 

*  Or,  eunuclis. 


t  Heb.  at  the  re- 
turn of  the  year. 

J  Hell,  vessels  of 
dcjiire. 

*  Or,  Mattaniah 
his  father'' s 
brother,  2  Ki. 
21.  17.  Je.  37.  1. 


And  I  will  forsake  you, 

And  the  city  tliat  I  gave  you  and  your  fathers, 

And  cast  you  out  of  my  presence : 
^^  And  I  will  brini;  an  everlasting  reproach  upon  you. 

And  a  jierpctual  shame,  which  shall  not  be  forgotten. 

^^  At  'that  time  the  servants  of  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  -  Kings  xxiv. 
Babylon  came  up  against  Jerusalem,  and  the  city  tvvas 
besieged.  ^'  And  Nel)uchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon  came  against  the 
city,  and  his  servants  did  besiege  it.  ^-And  Jehoiachin  the  king  of 
Judah  went  out  to  the  king  of  Babylon,  (he,  and  his  mother,  and  his 
servants,  and  his  princes,  and  his  tofficers  ;)  "and  the  king  of  Babylon 
""took  him  '■'in  the  eiglith  year  of  his  reign,  ^-^And  ""he  carried  out 
thence  all  the  treasures  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  treasures 
of  the  king's  house,  and  "cut  in  pieces  all  the  vessels  of  gold  which 
Solomon  king  of  Israel  had  made  in  the  temple  of  the  Lord,  ''as  the 
Lord  had  said.  ^"^And  "^he  carried  away  all  Jerusalem,  and  all  the 
princes,  and  all  the  mighty  men  of  valor,  ''even  ten  thousand  captives, 
and  'all  the  craftsmen  and  smiths  :  none  remained,  save  the  poorest 
sort  of  the  people  of  the  land.  '^  And  he  carried  away  Jehoiachin  to 
Babylon,  and  the  king's  mother,  and  the  king's  wives,  and  his  'officers, 
and  the  mighty  of  the  land,  those  carried  he  into  captivity  from  Jeru-. 
salem  to  Babylon.*'*  "*  And  all  the  men  of  might,  even  seven  thousand, 
and  craftsmen  and  smiths  a  thousand,  all  that  were  strong  and  apt  for 
war,  even  them  the  king  of  Babylon  brought  captive  to  Babylon. 

'"Andtwhen  the  year  was  expired,  king  Nebuchad-  2  Chron. 
nezzar  sent,  and  brought  him  to  Babylon,  with  the  tgoodly  xx.xvi.  10. 
vessels  of  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  made  *Zedekiah  his  brother 
king  over  Judah  and  Jerusalem, 

2  Chron.  xxxvi.  9. — Jehoiachin  was  eight  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he 
reigned  three  months  and  ten  days  in  Jerusalem  ;  and  he  did  that  which  was  evil  in  the 
sight  of  the  Lord. 


A.  M.  3405. 
B.  C.  599. 


o2Ki.24.  18. 
*  Hcb.  reigned. 


J2Ki.24.  12, 
&.C.  2  Ch.  36.10. 

c  See  Je.  22.  24, 
&.C.  Si.  29  2. 


Section    IV. — Accession  of  Zcdckiah  ; — He  rebdleth  ; — Jeremiah  2)re(licts 

the  Restoration  of  the  Jews,  and  the  Desolation  of  Zedekiah. 

Jeremiah  lii.  1-3,  and  xxiv.<^) 

^  Zedekiah  was  "one  and  twenty  years  old  when  he  *began  to  reign, 
and  he  reigned  eleven  years  in  Jerusalem.  And  his  mother's  name 
was  Hamutal  the  daughter  of  Jeremiah  of  Libnah.  -  And  he  did  that 
irhich  loas  evil  in  the  eyes  of  the  Lord,  according  to  all  that  Jehoiakim 
had  done.  ^  For  through  the  anger  of  the  Lord  it  came  to  pass  in 
Jerusalem  and  Judah,  till  he  had  cast  them  out  from  his  presence,  that 
Zedekiah  rebelled  against  the  king  of  Babylon, 

'  The  Lord  showed  me,  and,  behold,  two  baskets  of  figs  Jeremiah 
were  set  before  the  temple  of  the  Lord,  after  that  Nebu- 
chadrezzar ''king  of  BaI)ylon  had  carried  away  ca[)tive  Meconiah  the 
son  of  Jehoiakim  king  of  Judah,  and  the  princes  of  Judah,  with  the 
carpenters  and  smiths,  from  Jerusalem,  and  had  brought  them  to  Bab- 
ylon, -One  basket  had  very  good  figs,  even  like  the  figs  that  are  first 
ripe :  and  the  other  basket  had  very  naughty  figs,  which  could  not  be 


(*)  The  prophet  Ez.ekiel  and  Mordecai  were 
among  the  captives  carried  to  Babylon  alter  tlie 
surrender  of  Jehoiacliin,  and  this  second  conquest 
of  Jerusalem  by  Nebucliadnezzar. — Ezekiel  i.  2. 
Esther  ii.  H. 

(")  Tlie  date  and  place  of  this  chapter  are  as- 
signed in  ver.  1.  The  prophecy  it  contains  must 
have  been  delivered  at  the  very  beginning  of  Zede- 
kiah's  reign,  as  Jehoiaciiin's  captivity  is  mentioned 
as  having  lately  taken  place.  Under  the  type  of 
good  and  bad  figs,  God  represents  to  Jeremiah  the 


different  manner  in  which  he  would  deal  with  his 
people.  To  those  Jews  tiiat  were  taken  into  Bab- 
ylon he  promises  restoration  and  peace  ;  while 
Zedekiah  and  his  subjects  are  threatened  with  an 
utter  dispersion,  and  the  total  desolation  of  tlieir 
land.  The  captivity  of  the  former  would  be  "  for 
their  good,"  and  the  moans  of  their  preservation, 
the  liberty  and  security  of  the  latter,  "  by  filling 
up  the  measure  of  their  iniquities,"  would  tend  to 
their  final  destruction. — Blayney;  Prideaux  ;  Light- 
foot. 


Part  I.] 


JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS. 


903 


t  Ueh.forhad- 


X  Heb.  the  captiv- 
ity. 


eaten,  fthey  were  so  bad.  ^  Then  said  the  Lord  unto  me,  What  seest 
thou,  Jeremiah  ?  And  I  said,  Figs  ;  the  good  figs,  very  good  ;  and 
the  evil,  very  evil,  that  cannot  be  eaten,  they  are  so  evil. 

^  Again  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, — 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  the  God  of  Israel ; 

Like  these  good  figs. 

So  will  I  acknowledge  tthem  that  are  carried  away  captive  of  Judah, 

Whom  I  have  sent  out  of  this  place 

Into  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans  for  their  good. 
^  For  I  will  set  mine  eyes  upon  them  for  good, 

And  I  will  bring  them  again  to  this  land : 

And  I  will  build  them — and  not  pull  them  down  ; 

And  I  will  plant  them — and  not  pluck  them  up. 
"^  And  I  will  give  them  ''a  heart  to  know  me,  that  I  am  the  Lord  : 

And  they  shall  be  my  people,  and  I  will  be  their  God  ; 

For  they  shall  return  unto  me  with  their  whole  heart. 

^  And  as  the  evil  figs,  which  cannot  be  eaten,  they  are  so  evil ; 

Surely  thus  saith  tlie  Lord, 

So  will  I  give  Zedekiah  the  king  of  Judah,  and  his  princes. 

And  the  residue  of  Jerusalem,  that  remain  in  this  land, 

And  'them  that  dwell  in  the  land  of  Egypt. 
^  And  I  will  deliver  them  *to  be  removed 

Into  all  the  kingdoms  of  the  earth  for  their  hurt, 

To  ■'be  a  reproach  and  a  proverb,  a  taunt  °and  a  curse, 

In  all  places  whither  I  shall  drive  them. 
^'^  And  I  will  send  tlie  sword,  the  famine,  and  the  pestilence,  among  them, 

Till  they  be  consumed  from  ofi'  the  land 

That  I  gave  unto  them  and  to  their  fathers. 

Section  V. — Jeremiah  predicts  the  Duration  of  the  Captivity. 
Jeremiah  xxix.  ]-14,  16-20,15,21,  to  the  end. m 

B.  c.  597.  1  j^^^y  jj^ggg  ^^^  ^j^g  words  of  the  letter  that  Jeremiah  the  prophet  sent 

from  Jerusalem  unto  the  residue  of  the  elders  which  were  carried  away 
captives,  and  to  the  priests,  and  to  the  prophets,  and  to  all  the  people 
whom  Nebuchadnezzar  had  carried  away  captive  from  Jerusalem  to  Bab- 
a2  Ki.  24. 12, .kc.  yjoj^  .  2  (Rafter  that  "Jeconiali  the  king,  and  the  queen,  and  the  *eunuchs, 
*z°«'/"""*°'"  the  princes  of  Judah  and  Jerusalem,  and  the  carpenters,  aiid  the  smiths, 
were  departed  from  Jerusalem  ;)  ^  by  the  hand  of  Elasah  the  son  of 


(J  De.  30.  n.  Ez. 
11.  19.  &36.  26, 
27. 


e  See  Je.  xliii  & 

xliv. 
*  Ileh./ur  remov- 

inir,  or,  vexation. 

Dc.  --'8.  25,  37. 

1  Ki.  9.  7.  2  Ch. 

7.20. 
/Ps.  44.  13,  14. 
g  Je.  29.  18,  22. 


SECT.   V. 
A.  M.  3407. 


(~)  Dr.  Blayney  observes,  (Notes  on  Jeremiah,  in 
loc.  p.  179.)  "  There  is  no  person  that  can  read  this 
chapter  with  attention  without  being  sensible  of  an 
enibarrassment  and  incoherence  in  particular  parts 
of  it,  which  leaves  a  suspicion  of  some  capital  de- 
fect either  in  the  text,  or  its  arrangement.  Happily 
the  IjXX  are  found  to  step  in  here  to  our  relief,  by 
evidencing  a  transposition  of  ver.  15,  which  they 
have  placed,  where  undoubtedly  it  ought  to  stand, 
iiiinicdiatedly  before  ver.  21.  This  emendation  I 
have  adopted,  as  by  it  a  due  order  and  connection 
is  restored,  both  in  the  place  from  whence  the  verse 
is  removed,  and  in  that  to  which  it  is  transferred  : 
a  snificient  proof  of  its  authenticity."  In  addition 
to  which  it  may  be  observed,  that  the  false  prophets 
alluded  to  in  ver.  15,  are  mentioned  byname  in 
ver.  21. 

The  letter  of  Jeremiah,  sent  to  Babylon  by  the 
messengers  of  king  Zedekiah,  was  written  to  exhort 
the  captive  Jews  to  accommodate  themselves  to 
their  present  circumstances  ;  to  provide  for  them- 
selves in  the  country  whither  they  were  carried, 
as  settled  inhabitants  of  the  same  ;  and  to  conduct 
Uieraselves  in  every  respect  as  such  ;  praying  for 
tlie  peace  of  the  city.     He  assures  them  their  cap- 


tivity would  last  seventy  years,  and  it  was  in  vain 
to  e.icpect  a.nj  deliverance  till  the  time  that  God  had 
appointed.  He  informs  them  of  what  would  happen 
to  their  brethren  left  behind  at  Jerusalem,  who,  so 
far  from  being  able  to  effect  their  deliverance,  would 
be  visited  by  "  the  sword,  the  famine,  and  pesti- 
lence.'" He  denounces  God's  curse  on  those  false 
prophets  who  had  deceived  the  people  with  hopes 
and  promises  of  a  speedy  restoration.  Nebuchad- 
nezzar, on  finding  that  the  Jev/s  were  prevented 
from  settling  in  the  place  assigned  to  them,  by  the 
vain  predictions  of  their  false  teachers,  ordered 
Zedekiah  iind  Ahab  (who  are  supposed  to  have  been 
the  two  elders  that  conspired  against  Susannah) 
to  be  seized,  and  roasted  to  death.  This  letter  being 
read  to  the  Jewish  captives,  many  of  those  who 
believed  in  the  promises  of  their  pietended  proph- 
ets, and  who  were  unwilling  to  submit  to  their  ap- 
pointed chastisement,  requested  Sh^maiah  the  Ne- 
iielamite.  to  write  by  the  same  messengers  to  Zeph- 
aniah.  the  second  priest  of  the  temple,  complain- 
ing of  the  conduct  of  Jeremiah,  and  requesting  that 
he  might  be  reproved  for  tlie  same.  A  severe 
judgme^nt  is,  in  consequence,  pronounced  upon 
Shemaiah. 


904     JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  DURATION  OF  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VII. 


c  Epli.  5.  6. 
■f  Hob.  in  a  he. 


d2Ch.  36.21,22. 
Ezra  1.  I.  Je.  25. 
12.  &  27.  22.  Da. 
9.2. 


X  Heb.  end  and 
ezpectation. 
e  Da.  9.  3,  &c. 


/  Le.  26.  59,  &c. 
g-  De.  4.  7.  Is.  55. 


ft  Jc.  23.  3,  8.  &. 
30.  3.  &.  32.  37. 


t  Dn.  28.  25. 
2  Cli.  29.  8. 

•  Mnb. 

cnrir 
&.42. 

For  a 
Jo.  26. 
18. 

6. 

;.lo.  25.  4.  4c  32. 
33. 

Shaphan,  and  Gcmariah  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  (whom  Zedekiali  king  of 
Judah  sent  unto  Babylon  to  Nebuchadnezzaikingof  Babylon,)  saying, — 

"*  Thus  saith  the  I^ohd  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel,  unto  all  that  are 
carried  away  captives,  whom  I  have  caused  to  be  carried  away  from 
Jerusalem  unto  Babylon  ; 

^  Build  ye  houses,  and  dwell  in  them  ; 

And  plant  gardens,  and  eat  the  fruit  of  them ; 
^  Take  ye  wives,  and  beget  sons  and  daughters ; 

And  take  wives  for  your  sons. 

And  give  your  daugiiters  to  husbands, 

That  they  may  bear  sons  and  daughters ; 

That  ye  may  Ix;  increased  there,  and  not  diminished. 
"^  And  seek  the  peace  of  the  city 

Whither  I  have  caused  you  to  be  carried  away  captives, 

And  ''pray  unto  the  Lord  for  it  ; 

For  in  the  peace  thereof  shall  ye  have  peace. 

^  For  thus  .saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 

Let  not  your  proi)hets  and  your  diviners, 

That  be  in  the  midst  of  you,  'deceive  you. 

Neither  hearken  to  your  dreams  which  ye  cause  to  be  dreamed. 
^  For  they  prophesy  tfalsely  unto  you  in  my  name : 

1  have  not  sent  them,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord, 

That  ''after  seventy  years  be  accomplished  at  Babylon 

I  will  visit  you,  and  perform  my  good  word  toward  you, 

In  causing  you  to  return  to  this  j)Iace. 
'^  For  I  know  the  thoughts  that  I  think  toward  you,  saith  the  Lord, 

Thoughts  of  peace,  and  not  of  evil, 

To  give  you  an  texpected  end. 
^~  Then  shall  ye  'call  upon  me, 

And  ye  shall  go  and  pray  unto  me. 

And  I  will  hearken  unto  you. 
^^  And  ^ye  shall  seek  me,  and  find  me, 

When  ye  shall  search  for  me  with  all  your  heart. 
^'^  And  "I  will  be  found  of  you,  saith  the  Loud  : 

And  I  will  turn  away  your  ca])tivity, 

And  '  [  will  gather  you  from  all  the  nations. 

And  from  all  the  places  whither  I  have  driven  you,  saith  the  Lord  . 

And  I  will  bring  you  again  into  the  place 

Whence  I  caused  you  to  be  carried  away  captive. 
^"  Know  that  thus  saith  the  Lord 

Of  the  king  that  sitteth  upon  the  throne  of  David, 

And  of  all  the  people  that  dwelleth  in  this  city, 

And  of  your  brethren  that  are  not  gone  forth  with  you  into  captivity  ; 
^■'Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts; 

Behold,  I   will   send  upon   them   the  sword,    the   famine,  and  the 
pestilence. 

And  will  make   them  like  vile  figs,  that  cannot  be  eaten,  they  are 
so  evil. 
^^  And  I  will  persecute  them  with  the  sword,  with  the  famine,  and  with 
the  pestilence, 

And  'will  deliver  them  to  be  removed  to  all  the  kingdoms  of  the 
earth, 

"^To  be  a  curse,  and  an  astonishment,  and  a  hissing,  and  a  reproach. 

Among  all  the  nations  whither  I  have  driven  them  ; 
'^  Because  they  have  not  hearkened  to  my  words,  saith  the  Lord, 

Which  'I  sunt  unio  tliein  by  my  servants  the  prophets, 


PiRT  I.]  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.    905 

(Rising  up  early  and  sending  them  ;) 
But  ye  would  not  hear,  saith  the  Lord. 

2'^  Hear  ye  therefore  the  word  of  the  Lord,  all  ye  of  the  cap- 
tivity, whom  I  have  sent  from  Jerusalem  to  Babylon  ;  i-'  because  ye  have 
said  '"  The  Lord  hath  raised  us  up  prophets  in  Babylon."  ^^  Thus 
saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel,  of  Ahab  the  son  of  Kola- 
iah  and  of  Zedekiah  the  son  of  Maaseiah,  which  prophesy  a  he  unto 
you  in  my  name  ;  Behold,  I  will  deliver  them  into  the  hand  of  Nebu- 
chadrezzar king  of  Babylon  ;  and  he  shall  slay  them  before  your  eyes  ; 
kSeeGe.  48.20.  2.2 ^nd  'of  them  shall  be  taken  up  a  curse  by  all  the  captivity  of  Judah 
^" ''■''■  which  are  in  Babylon,  saying,   The  Lord  make  thee  like   Zedekiah 

J  Da.  3. 6.  and  like  Ahab,  'whom   the   king  of  Babylon  roasted  in  the  fire  ;  ^-^  be- 

cause they  have  committed  viUany  in  Israel,  and  have  committed 
adultery  w^ith  their  neighbours'  wives,  and  have  spoken  lying  words  in 
my  name,  which  I  have  not  commanded  them  ;  even  I  know,  and  am 
a  witness,  saith  the  Lord.  ,    ,      • 

t  Or,  dreamer.  24  ^hus  shalt  thou  also  spcak  to  Shcmaiah  the  tNehelamite,  saying, 

25  Thus  speaketh  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel,  saying.  Because 
thou  hast  sent  letters  in  thy  name  unto  all  the  people  that  are  at  Jeru- 
salem, and  to  Zephaniah  the  son  of  Maaseiah  the  priest,  and  to  all  the 
priests,  (sayins,  26  The  Lord   hath  made  thee   priest   in  the  stead  of 
Jehoiada  the  priest,)  that  ye  should  be  officers  in  the  house  of  the  Lord, 
a  Or,  and  that  ye  afQj.  evcry  iTiau  that  is  "'mad,  and  niakelh  himself  a  prophet,  that  thou 
rLTlntiT;'"   shouldest  put  him  in  prison,  and  in  the  stocks.  ^^  Now  therefore  why 
nrS-'"  hast  thou  not  reproved  Jeremiah  of  Anathoth,  which  maketh  himself 
I'k-  c,  1,  a     a  prophet  to  you?  ^s  For  therefore  he  sent  unto  us  in  Babylon,  saying, 
"26.24.      ■   "   u  Ti,ig  captivity  is  long :  build  ye  houses,  and  dwell  in  them  ;  and  plant 
gardens,  and  eat  the  fruit  of  them."  '~''  And  Zephaniah  the  priest  read 
this  letter  in  the  ears  of  Jeremiah  the  prophet. 

30  Then  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  Jeremiah,  saying, — 

31  Send  to  all  them  of  the  captivity,  saying,  Thus  saith  the  Lord 
concerning  Shemaiah  tiie  Nehelamite  ;  Because  that  Shemaiah  hath 
prophesied  unto  you,  and  I  sent  him  not,  and  he  caused  you  to  trust  in 
a  lie  ;  ^^  therefore  thus  saiUi  the  Lord  ;  Behold,  I  will  pumsh  Shemaiah 
the  Nehelamite,  and  his  seed  :  he  shall  not  have  a  man  to  dwell  among 
his  people;  neither  shall  he  behold  the  good  that  I  will  do  for  my 

X  Hcb.  revolt.       people,   saith   the   Lord  ;    because  he  hath  taught  Irebelhon  against 

the  Lord. 

Section  Yl.— Jeremiah' s  Prophcc7j  of  the  Restoration  of  the  Jeios. 
SECT.   VI.  Jeremiah  xxx.  and  xxxi.'^) 

A    1\7~S407        (^od  slwu-eth  Jeremiah  the  return  of  the  Je,rs      f  After  their  trouble  tjrey  ^Jf" ''/^^f^f J"'^™;^  ^ 
A.  M.  3407.  comthUeth  Jacob.      18  Their  return  shaU  he  sracious.     20  U  rath  sha/l/all  on   he  wicked.— 

B.  C.  597.  ci.ap.  xxxi.   1  The  restoration  of  Israel.     10  The  pMirution  thereof.      1.)  haHul  ";'"';;'.'",?  ;_^ 

comtorled.     \8  Ephraim  renenliuir  is  broiisht  home  a'sani.     '-,  (  luisl  '■.■  i^roiiii.^,  a       -     iiiyaifL 

ore?  the  Church.     .31  His  new  covenant.     35  The  stahilily,  SV,  and  an.phtude  ,./  the  (  hurch. 

1  The  word  that  came  to  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  saying, — 

2  Thus  speaketh  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  saying,  Write  thee  all 
the  words  that  I  have  spoken  unto  thee  in  a  book.  ^For,  lo !  the  days 

(«)  These  two  chapters  of  Jeremiah  are   made  to  would  in  like  manner  be  effected  ^^  ^lu^  appohi^^^^^^ 

follow  the  29th,  on  the  united  authority  of  Blayney,  time,  hy  the  interposition   "^^^'^^^^^f^ll^Z^ 

Licrhtfoot,   and' other  commentators.     As  tliere  is  These  chapters  predict  not  °'   >  •;>  f , ^^^^^J.""^^' Jtl^^^ 

no Vrticular  date  annexed  to  this  prophecy,  it  is  the  captivity  of  Babylon   but  the  lesoation^^^^^^^^ 

not  unreasonable  to  suppose  it  was  delivered  im.ne-  captivity  of  Israel   a  so,  those  /?"  ^>  .^^^^  ^'^^^   ^  ere 

diatelv  after  the   precedincr  one  ;  in   which  the  re-  carried  away  by  Shalmaneser,  lung  of  Assyria  .  and 

sto  a  fon  of  the  people   from   their    captivity  was  the  whole  tenor  of  the  prophecy  gives  us  reason  to 

c  ear  y  foretold.     The  temporal  deliverance  of  the  expect  a  complete  and  vmiversal  deliverance,  when 

Je ws  ^rom  Babylon  is  alwa'ys  regarded  as  a  type  of  God  will  manif^>st  hunse    .  -^^^yj^l^^ 

their  spiritual  and  glorious  redemption  ;  and  both  and  Patron  of  al    the  families  '^'7^'^;;;  '  "      "^^  ^'^ 

these  events  are  frequently  connected  together  in  a  few  only.     This  great  rede  lup.m   remans  U,  be 

the  prophetic  writin,.s;  the  accomplishment  of  the  accomplished    .n    ''^f  f "  ^^ ,^' ^^JJX^J' J  the 

former  affordincr  the  Jews  the  strongest  possible  evi-  there  can  be  no  doubt,  that   this   P/"P'^^'=.Y,»  J"^ 

dence   that  the'latter,  how  remote  soever  its  period,  final  spiritual  establishment  of  the  Jews   will  m  as 

'vol.   I.  114  3x* 


906       JERExMIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.  [Period  Vii 

"g^i^^is"^'"^™'  COT'S,  saith  the  Lord,  that  "I  will  bring  again  the  captivity  of  my  people 
ftje.  10.15.        Israel  and  Judah,  saith  the  Lord:   ''and  I  will  cause  them  to  return  to 
the  land  that  I  gave  to  their  fathers,  and  they  shall  possess  it.  ^  And 
these  are  the  words  that  the  Lord  spake  concerning  Israel  and  con 
cerning  Judah. 
^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
We  have  heard  a  voice  of  trembling, 
*Mr\I^L'^  *Of  fear,  and  not  of  peace. 

peace.  6  ^gj^  yg  now,  aud  see 

t  Hcb.  a  mule.  Whether  fa  man  doth  travail  with  child  ? 

Wherefore  do  I  see  every  man 
With  his  hands  on  his  loins,  as  a  woman  in  travail, 
And  all  faces  are  turned  into  paleness  ? 
'il'i-il'zep.    '  Alas  !   7or  that  day  is  great, 
1-  ".^'c-  So  ''that  none  is  hke  it : 

It  is  even  the  time  of  Jacob's  trouble. 
But  he  shall  be  saved  out  of  it ; 
^  For  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
That  I  will  break  his  joke  from  off  thy  neck, 
And  will  burst  thy  bonds. 

And  strangers  shall  no  more  serve  themselves  of  him  : 
^  But  they  shall  serve  the  Lord  their  God, 
*34'."^.'i'37.24.'       -^"^  'David  their  king,  whom  I  will  ^raise  up  unto  them. 
Ho. 3. 5.  10  Therefore  fear  thou  not,  O  my  servant  Jacob,  saith  the  Lord; 

^^"&ixi'-'-       Neither  be  dismayed,  O  Israel : 

For,  lo  !   I  will  save  thee  from  afar, 

And  thy  seed  from  the  land  of  their  captivity  ; 

And  Jacob  shall  return. 

And  shall  be  in  rest,  and  be  quiet, 

And  none  shall  make  him  afraid. 

faithfully   fulfilled,  as  that  which    predicted  their  his  past  disobedience  ;  and,  on  his  penitence,  God 

temporal  return  to  the  holy  city.  receives  him  once   more   as  his  darling  child,  and 

The  30th  chapter  opens  with  a  description  of  the  promises  to  "  have  mere}'  upon  him."    The  "  virgin 

distress  and  consternation  that  should  fall  upon  all  of  Israel  "  is  exhorted   (ver.  21,  22.)  to  hasten  her 

nations  preparatory    to    the  deliverance  of  Jacob,  return  ;  and,  for   her  encouragement,  she   is   told, 

Israel  (from  ver.  10  to  18)   is  promised  restoration,  that  God  would  work  a  miracle  in  her  favor,  and 

after  a  severe  chastisement  for  the  multitude  of  its  would  enable  her,  though  apparently  so  weak,  to 

offences.     This  is  followed  by  an  enumeration  of  overcome  and  prevail  against  all  her  powerful  ene- 

the  blessings  and  privileges  the  Jews  would  enjoy  mies.     The  vision    closes  with  an  allusion  to  the 

on    their  admission   to    Gods  favor  ;  and  ver.  23  circumstances  that  attended  the  first  introduction 

and  24  declare,  that  the  anger  of  Jehovah   should  of  the    Jews  to  the  land   of  Canann,    when  each 

not  subside,  till  all  his  enemies  are  destroyed ;  and  family    had  a  separate  portion   assigned  them  for 

then,  and    not  till    then,  an   entire    reconciliation  their  own  cultivation  and   subsistence  ;  and  each 

should    take  place    between  the  Lord  and  all  the  individual,  in  consequence,  became  a  husbandman 

families  of  Israel,  (see  .vxxi.  ].)     The  second  part  and  feeder  of  flocks.    God  promises  his  people,  they 

of  this  prophecy,  beginning  at  ver.  2,   is  marked  shall  again  dwell  in  the  "mountain   of  holiness," 

by  a  sudden  transition  to  a  more   distant  period  of  and  cultivate  it  according  to  their  ancient  institii- 

time,  and  represented  in  a  vision,  (ver.  26.)    God  an-  tions,  redeemed   from   every    want  and   infirmity. 

nounces    therein   the   renewal  of  his   ancient   love  After  Jerennah  awakes  from  his  vision,  or  dream, 

f  )r   Israel,  and  promises  them    speedy  restoration  God  assures  him,  that  he  would  be    more  anxious 

and  happiness.     He  promises  to  conduct  them   to  to  restore  Israel  and  Judah,  than  he  had  ever  been 

Zion,  and  to  "  turn  their  mourning  into  joy,"  that  to  destroy  them.     The  meaning  of  the   proverbial 

'•  they  shall  not  sorrow  any  more  at  all."      '  expression,  "  The  fathers  have  eaten  a  sour  grape, 

Rainah    was   a   city  of  Benjamin,    near    which  and  the  children's  teeth  are  set  on  edge,"  seems  to 

Rachel,  the  mother  of  Joseph  and   Benjamin,  was  have  been  founded  on  what  is  often   declared   in 

buried.     Rachel  is  represented  (ver.  1-5  to    !S.)  as  Scripture,  that  •'  Godvisiteth  the  sinsof  the  fatiiers 

just  risen  from  her  grave,  refusing  to  be  comforted  upon  the  children."     It  is  here  promised,  that  no 

for  her  children,  who  are  all  either  sl.iin  or   gone  man  hereafter  should  suffer  for  the   sins  of  another 

into  exile.     The  Evangelist  applie.;  this  prophecy  but  that  "  every  one  shall  die  for  his  own  iniquity," 

to  Herod's  massacre  of  the  infants  at  Bethlehem,  only.     God  declares  he  will  make  with  Israel  and 

(Matt.  ii.  17,  18.)  ;  but  this  cruel  destruction  could  Judah  a  better  covenant  than  he  did  with  their  fore- 

not  have  been  the  primary  signification  of  the  proph-  fathers  ;  that  they  shall  continue  his  people  as  long 

ecy,   as     the    sequel   consoles    Ilaclicl    with    the  as  the  sun  and  moon  endure  ;  and   that  Jerusalem 

promise,  that  her  children  were  not  lo.st  for  ever,  shall  be  again  built  with  enlarged   boundaries,  not 

that  they  should  still  reward  her  care,  and  '•  come  to  be  "  plucked  up  nor  thrown  down  any  more  for 

again  from  the  land  of  the  enemy."     Ephraim  is  ever." — Blayney  in  loc. 
afterwards  described  as  •' bemoaning  himself"  for 


Part  I.]  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.    907 

"  For  I  am  with  thee,  saith  the  Lord,  to  save  thee : 

Though  I  make  a  full  end  of  all  nations  whither  I  have  scattered  thee, 

Yet  will  I  not  make  a  full  end  of  thee  : 

But  I  will  correct  thee  in  measure, 

And  will  not  leave  thee  altogether  unpunished. 

12  For  thus  saith  the  Lord, 
Thy  bruise  is  incurable, 

And  thy  wound  is  grievous.  .  ,     u       j     ^ 

X  Heb  f<.Hnd.    13  There  is  none  to  plead  thy  cause,  Uhat  thou  mayest  be  bound  up . 
ing.  Thou  hast  no  heahng  medicmes. 

14  AH  thy  lovers  have  forgotten  thee  ; 
They  seek  thee  not ; 

For  I  have  wounded  thee  with  the  wound  of  an  enemy, 
With  the  chastisement  of  a  cruel  one, 
For  the  multitude  of  thine  iniquity  ; 
Because  thy  sins  were  increased. 

15  Why  criest  thou  for  thine  affliction  ?  .   .     •, 
Thy  sorrow  is  incurable  for  the  multitude  of  thme  miquity : 
Because  thy  sins  were  increased,  I  have  done  these  things  unto  thee. 

^Ex.23.22.i».    16  Therefore  all  they  that  devour  thee  ^shall  be  devoured  ; 
^-  '■ "  "•  "        And  an  thine  adversaries,  every  one  of  them,  shall  go  into  captivity  ; 
And  they  that  spoil  thee  shall  be  a  spoil. 
And  all  that  prey  upon  thee  will  I  give  for  a  prey. 
1'  For  I  will  restore  health  unto  thee. 

And  I  will  heal  thee  of  thy  wounds,  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Because  they  called  thee  "  An  Outcast,"  saying, 
"  This  is  Zion,  whom  no  man  seeketh  after." 

18  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Behold,  I  will  bring  again  the  captivity  of  Jacob  s  tents, 
And  have  mercy  on  his  dwelling-places  ; 
*  Or,  little  hill  And  the  city  shall  be  builded  upon  her  own    heap, 

And  the  palace  shall  remain  after  the  manner  thereof, 
ft  Is.  35. 10.  &  51.  19  An(j  Aq^^  Qf  ti-,e,^  shall  proceed  thanksgiving 
"■  And  the  voice  of  them  that  make  merry : 

izec.  10.8.  And  'I  will  multiply  them— and  they  shall  not  be  few  ; 

I  will  also  glorify  them— and  they  shall  not  be  small. 
j  Is.  1. 26.  20  Their  children  also  shall  be  ^as  aforetime, 

And  their  congregation  shall  be  established  before  me, 
And  I  will  punish  all  that  oppress  them. 
21  And  their  nobles  shall  be  of  themselves, 
ftGe.49. 10.  And  Hheir  governor  shall  proceed  from  the  midst  o\  them ; 

I  Nu.  16. 5.  And  I  will  'cause  him  to  draw  near,  and  he  shall  approach  unto  me  : 

For  who  is  this  that  engaged  his  heart  to  approach  unto  me  ?   saith 
mSeeGe.17.8.    22  And  yc  shall  be  "my  people,  [tne  i^ord. 

And  I  will  be  your  God.  ,    ^     ,      -.u  c 

23  Behold,  the  whirlwind  of  the  Lord  goeth  forth  with  fury, 
tHcb.«««in..  A  tcontinuing  whirlwind  :   it  shall  tfall  with  pain  upon  the  head  of 

J  Or, remain.  ^^j^g  wickcd. 

24  The  fierce  anger  of  the  Lord  shall  not  return,  until  he  have  done  it. 
And  until  heliave  performed  the  intents  of  his  heart: 
In  the  latter  days  he  shall  consider  it. 

1  At  the  same  time,  saith  the  Lord,  Jeremiah  xxxi. 

Will  I  be  the  God  of  all  the  families  of  Israel, 
And  they  shall  be  my  people. 
2  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  •„  .u^  wH 

..  33.  D..      The  people  which  were  left  of  the  sword  forad  grace  m  .he  w  I- 
r.. ».  II.      E,g„  Israel,  when  "I  went  to  cause  him  to  rest.  [aerness , 


nNu.  10.  33.  De. 
1. - 
Is.  63.  14 


908 


PROPHECY  OF  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 


*  Heb.  from  afar. 
oRo.  11.28,29. 

t  Or,  Itave  I  ex- 
tended loving- 
kindness  unto 
thee. 


*  Heb.  profane 
them,  De.  20.  6. 


?Je.  3.  12, 


tl8.40   11.  Ez. 
34.  12-14. 


«I8.  55.  10.&65. 
19.  Re.  21. 4. 


i  Mat.  2.  17,  18. 
J  Jog.  18.  25. 


y  E7.ra  1.  5.  Ho. 
l.U. 


The  Lord  hath  appeared  *of  old  unto  me,  saying, — 

lea,  I  have  loved  ihee  with  "an  everlasting  love: 

Therefore  fwith  loving-kindness  have  I  drawn  thee. 
"*  Again  I  will  build  thee, 

And  thou  siialt  be  built,  O  virgin  of  Israel  ! 

Thou  shalt  again  be  adorned  with  thy  Uabrets, 

And  shalt  go  forth  in  the  dances  of  them  that  make  merry. 
^  Thou  'shalt  yet  j)lant  vines  upon  the  mountains  of  Samaria: 

The  planters  siiall  jilant,  and  shall  *cat  them  as  common  things. 
^  For  there  shall  be  a  day, 

That  the  watchmen  upon  the  Mount  Ephraim  shall  cry. 

Arise  ye,  and  let  us  go  up  to  Zion  unto  the  Lord  our  God. 
''  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Sing  with  gladness  for  Jacob, 

And  shout  among  the  chief  of  the  nations ! 

Publish  ye,  praise  ye,  and  say, 

0  Lord,  save  thy  people,  the  remnant  of  Israel ! 

^  Behold,  I  will  bring  them  'from  the  north  country. 

And  '^gather  them  from  the  coasts  of  the  earth, 

And  with  them  the  blind  and  the  lame. 

The  woman  with  child  and  her  that  travaileth  with  child  together : 

A  great  company  shall  return  thither. 
^  They  shall  come  with  weeping. 

And  wit!)  tsupplications  will  I  lead  them  : 

1  will  cause  them  to  walk  by  the  rivers  of  waters 
In  a  straight  way,  wherein  they  shall  not  stumble : 

For  I  am  a  father  to  Israel,  and  Ephraim  is  my  'firstborn. 
^°  Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  O  ye  nations. 

And  declare  it  in  the  isles  afar  ofl",  and  say, 

He  that  scattered  Israel  'will  gather  him, 

And  keep  him,  as  a  shepherd  doth  his  flock. 
^^  For  the  Lord  hath  redeemed  Jacob, 

And  ransomed  him  from  the  hand  of  him  that  was  stronger  thai  he. 
^^  Therefore  they  shall  come  and  sing  in  the  height  of  Zion, 

And  shall  flow  together  to  the  goodness  of  the  Lord, 

For  w^heat,  and  for  wine,  and  for  oil, 

And  for  the  young  of  the  flock  and  of  the  herd : 

And  their  soul  shall  be  as  a  watered  garden  ; 

And  "they  shall  not  sorrow  any  more  at  all. 
^^  Then  shall  the  virgin  rejoice  in  the  dance. 

Both  young  men  and  old  together : 

For  I  will  turn  their  mourning  into  joy, 

And  will  comfort  them,  and  make  them  rejoice  from  their  sorrow. 
^■*  And  I  will  satiate  the  soul  of  the  priests  with  fatness. 

And  my  people  shall  be  satisfied  with  my  goodness,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

A  "voice  was  heard  in  "Ramah, 

Lamentation,  and  bitter  weeping; 

Rachel  weeping  for  her  children 

Refused  to  be  comforted  for  her  children,  because  ""they  were  not. 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Refrain  thy  voice  from  weeping. 

And  thine  eyes  from  tears: 

For  thy  work  shall  be  rewarded,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

And  "they  shall  come  again  from  the  land  of  the  enemy. 
'■^  And  there  is  hope  in  thine  end,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  thy  children  shall  come  asrain  to  their  own  border. 


Part  I.]  PROPHECY  OF  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.  909 

1^  I  have  surely  heard  Ephraim  bemoaning  himself  thus  ; 
Thou  hast  chastised  me, 

And  I  was  chastised,  as  a  bullock  unaccustomed  to  the  yoke : 
Turn  thou  me,  and  I  shall  be  turned ; 
For  thou  art  the  Lord  my  God. 
iDe.30.2.  19  g,jrely  -'after  that  I  was  turned — I  repented  ; 

And  after  that  I  was  instructed — I  smote  upon  my  thigh: 
I  was  ashamed — yea,  even  confounded. 
Because  I  did  bear  the  reproach  of  my  youth. 
2"  Is  Ephraim  my  dear  son  ? 
Is  he  a  pleasant  child  ? 
For  since  I  spake  against  him, 
I  do  earnestly  remember  him  still : 
^?^",fH''"n"        Therefore  "my  bowels  tare  troubled  for  him  ; 

Do.  lO.    Ho.  Jl.  •'  _    .  •    1  1  T 

8.  I  will  surely  have  mercy  upon  him,  saith  the  Lord. 

imh.sau,ui.  21  gg^  ^l^gg  ^p  waymarks. 

Make  thee  high  heaps : 
Set  thy  heart  toward  the  highway, 
Even  the  way  which  thou  wentest : 
Turn  again,  O  virgin  of  Israel, 
Turn  again  to  these  thy  cities. 
22  How  long  wilt  thou  go  about,  O  thou  backsliding  daughter  ? 
For  the  Lord  hath  created  a  new  thing  in  the  earth, 
A  woman  shall  compass  a  man. 

23  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 
As  yet  they  shall  use  this  speech  in  the  land  of  Judah 
And  in  the  cities  thereof,  when  I  shall  bring  again  their  captivity  ; 
The   Lord  bless  thee,   O   habitation  of  justice,  and  mountain  of 
holiness  ! 

24  And  there  shall  dwell  in  Judah  itself,  and  in  all  the  cities  thereof 
Husbandmen,  and  they  that  go  forth  with  flocks.  [together, 

25  For  I  have  satiated  the  weary  soul. 

And  I  have  replenished  every  sorrowful  soul. 

26  Upon  this  I  awaked,  and  beheld  ; 
And  my  sleep  was  sweet  unto  me. 

27  Behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 
^Hol-xis'zec.        That  ^I  will  sow  the  house  of  Israel  and  the  house  of  Judah 
10- 9-  With  the  seed  of  man,  and  with  the  seed  of  beast. 

28  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  like  as  I  have  watched  over  them, 
To  pluck  up,  and  to  break  down,  and  to  throw  down, 
And  to  destroy,  and  to  afflict ; 
So  will  I  watch  over  them. 
To  build,  and  to  plant,  saith  the  Lord. 
eEz.  18.2,3.       29  jj^  "thosc  days  they  shall  say  no  more, 
"  The  fathers  have  eaten  a  sour  grape. 
And  the  children's  teeth  are  set  on  edge." 
dGai.6.5,7.       30  g^^  ''evcry  one  shall  die  for  his  own  iniquity: 
Every  man  that  eateth  the  sour  grape, 
His  teeth  shall  be  set  on  edge. 
'h'ez'. 37.16^^'  ^^  Behold,  'the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 

io^''i6^"i7~'"'  ^       '^'^^^  ^  ^'^^^^  make  a  new  covenant 

'    "  With  the  house  of  Israel,  and  with  the  house  of  Judah  ; 

=*2  Not  according  to  the  covenant  that  I  made  with  their  fathers 
In  the  day  that  I  took  them  by  the  hand 
To  bring  them  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt ; 

*  Ot,  Should  I  f^rt  •     i  ..ill 

have  conthmed  a        Which  my  covcnaut  they  brake, 

A,«to<iu»«o  *  Although  I  was  a  husband  unto  them,  saith  the  Lord  : 


910  JERmilAH  PREFIGURES  THE  FATE  OF  THE  NATIONS.     [Period  VII. 

^2  But  this  shall  be  the  covenant  that  I  will  make  with  the  house  of  Israel ; 
After  those  days,  saith  the  Lord, 
■^^fg'M.&flog;       I  ^will  put  my  law  in  their  inward  parts, 
27. 2  Co.  3.  b.  '       And  write  it  in  their  hearts  ; 
And  will  be  their  God, 
And  they  shall  be  my  people. 
^  And  tiiey  shall  teach  no  more 

Every  man  his  neighbour,  and  every  man  his  brother,  saying, 
g-is.54. 13.  Jo. 6.       Know  the  Lord  ; 
fioA~:  '°-        For  "they  shall  all  know  me. 

From  the  least  of  them  unto  the  greatest  of  them,  saith  the  Lord  ; 
*M'".^;.^.'^if        For  'I  will  forgive  their  iniquity, 
Ac.  10. 43.  &  13.       And  I  will  remember  their  sin  no  more. 

39.  Ro.  11. '2/.  „.  •    1        1        T 

•'■'  1  hus  saith  the  Lord, 

Which  giveth  the  sun  for  a  light  by  day. 

And  the  ordinances  of  the  moon  and  of  the  stars  for  a  light  by  night, 

Which  divideth  the  sea  when  the  waves  thereof  roar ; 

The  Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name : 
^^  If  those  ordinances  depart  from  before  me,  saith  the  Lord, 

Then  the  seed  of  Israel  also  shall  cease 

From  being  a  nation  before  me  for  ever. 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

If  heaven  above  can  be  measured. 

And  the  foundations  of  the  earth  searched  out  beneath, 

I  will  also  cast  ofl'  all  the  seed  of  Israel 

For  all  that  they  have  done,  saith  the  Lord. 
^*^  Behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  the  city  shall  be  built  to  the  Lord 
'lA.'io.  ^'  ^'"''         From  'the  tower  of  Hananeel  unto  the  gate  of  the  corner. 
^^  And  the  measuring  line  shall  yet  go  forth 

Over  against  it  upon  the  hill  Gareb, 

And  shall  compass  about  to  Goath. 
^°  And  the  whole  valley  of  the  dead  bodies,  and  of  the  ashes, 

And  all  the  fields  unto  the  brook  of  Kidron, 
•'n^'s.^'.^^'  Unto   the  corner  of  the  horse  gate  toward  the  east. 

Shall  be  holy  unto  the  Lord  ; 

It  shall  not  be  plucked  up, 

Nor  thrown  down  any  more  for  ever. 

SECT,  vn.      Section  VII. — Jeremiah  prefigures  the  Fate  of  the  surrounding  Nations  ; — 
A.  M.  3409.  Hananiah  the  false  Prophet  is  punished  with  Death. 

^-  ^-  ^^^-  Jeremiah  xxvii.t^)    and  xxviii. 

Ujider  the  ti/pe  of  bonds  and  ynkes  Jeremiah  prophesiah  the  subduing  of  the  neighbour  kings  unlo 
Nehwhadnezzar.  8  He  e.xhorteth  them  to  yield,  and  not  to  believe  the  false  prophets.  12  7'he  like 
hedoelh  to  Zedekiah.  19  Heforetelleth,  the  remnant  of  the  vessels  shall  be  carried  to  Babylon,  and 
there  continue  until  the  day  of  visitation.  —  Cliap.  xxviii.  1  Hananiah  prophcsieth  falsely  the  re- 
turn  of  the  vessels,  and  of  Jeconiah.  o  Jeremiah,  wishing  ii  to  be  true,  shou-eth  that  tlie  event  vill 
^M  \a  evident  «'''c'«'"«  «''"' «'«  true  prophets.     10  Hananiah  breaketh  Jeremiah's  yoke.     12  Jeremiah  letleth  of  an 

from  the  refer-  """"  '-'''*'^'  '^  and  foreshoweth  Hananiah' s  death. 

sjaTio!  M.Tnd       '  ^^  th^  beginning  of  the  reign  of  ''Jehoiakim  the  son  of  Josiah 
^je.  28. 1.  king  of  Judah  came  this  word  unto  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  saying, — 

LORD  said.  ^  Thus  *saith  the  Lord  to  me  :  '  Make  thee  bonds  and  yokes,  and 


(9)  By  some  error  of  the  transcribers  the  word  what  follows,  that  Mr.  Lowth  acknowledores  that  the 
JrhouiUim  has  been  inserted  in  the  first  verse  of  least  forced  way  of  solvintr  the  difficulty,  is,  to  say 
chapter  xxvn.,  which  is  placed  here  on  the  authority  that  Jehoiakim  crept  into  the  text  instead  of  Zcde- 
of  Dr.  Blayney.  Lightfoot  would  insert  it  in  the  /i/a/;.  by  the  negligence  of  the  scribes.  We  accord- 
fourth  ypar  of  Jehoiakim,  on  the  supposition  that  ingly  find  in'PTi  (Zedekiah)  in  one  MS.  of  good 
Jeremiah  spoke  prophetically  both  of  Zedekiah's  repute  and  antiquity  ;  in  the  mar-rin  of  another,  and 
reign,  and  of  the  surrounding  kings  who  sent  incs-  most  pp.bably  it  was  so  in  the  text  of  a  third,  where 
senger-tohim  to  make  a  league  against  Eirypt.  It  the  •  was  evidently  ■  at  first,  ami  the  remainder  of 
IS  so  difficult  to  reconcile  the  common  reading  with  the  word  is  upon  an  erasure.     The  Syriac  and  the 


Part  I.] 


JEREMIAH  PREFIGURES  THE  FATE  OF  THE  NATIONS.        911 


10r, 

their  masters, 
saying. 


a  Da.  4.  17,  25, 
32. 


b  Da.  2.  38. 
c  2  Ch.  36.  20. 

d  Da.  5.  26. 
e  Je.  25.  14. 


X  Heb.  dreams. 


*  Heb.  in  a  lie, 
or,  bjingbj. 


put  them  upon  thy  neck,  ^and  send  them  to  the  king  of  Edom,  and 
to  the  king  of  Moab,  and  to  the  king  of  the  Ammonites,  and  to  the 
king  of  Tyrus,  and  to  the  king  of  Zidon,  by  the  hand  of  the  messen- 
gers which  come  to  Jerusalem  unto  Zedekiah  king  of  Judah  ;  ^  and 
command  them  tto  say  unto  their  masters,  thus  saith  the  Lord  of 
hosts,  the  God  of  Israel  ;  Thus  shall  ye  say  unto  your  masters ;  ^  I 
have  made  the  earth,  the  man  and  the  beast  that  are  upon  the  ground, 
by  my  great  power  and  by  my  out-stretched  arm,  "and  have  given  it 
unto  whom  it  seemed  meet  unto  me.  ^  And  now  have  I  given  all  these 
lands  into  the  hand  of  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  of  Babylon,  my 
servant ;  and  Hhe  beasts  of  the  field  have  I  given  him  also  to  serve 
him.  ^  And  'all  nations  shall  serve  him,  and  his  son,  and  his  son's  son, 
''until  the  very  time  of  his  land  come:  'and  then  many  nations  and 
great  kings  shall  serve  themselves  of  him.  ^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
that  the  nation  and  kingdom  which  will  not  serve  the  same  Nebuchad- 
nezzar the  king  of  Babylon,  and  that  will  not  put  their  neck  under  the 
yoke  of  the  king  of  Babylon,  that  nation  will  I  punish,  saith  the  Lord, 
with  the  sword,  and  with  the  famine,  and  with  the  pestilence,  until  I 
have  consumed  them  by  his  hand, 

^  Therefore  hearken  not  ye  to  your  prophets,  nor  to  your  diviners, 
nor  to  your  tdreamers,  nor  to  your  enchanters,  nor  to  your  sorcerers, 
which  speak  unto  you,  saying,  "  Ye  shall  not  serve  the  king  of  Babylon  :  " 
^''for  they  prophesy  a  lie  unto  you,  to  remove  you  far  from  your  land  ; 
and  that  I  should  drive  you  out,  and  ye  should  perish.  "  But  the  nations 
that  bring  their  neck  under  the  yoke  of  the  king  of  Babylon,  and  serve 
him,  those  will  I  let  remain  still  in  their  own  land,  saith  the  Lord  ;  and 
they  shall  till  it,  and  dwell  therein. 

'^  I  spake  also  to  Zedekiah  king  of  Judah  according  to  all  these 
words,  saying,  "  Bring  your  necks  under  the  yoke  of  the  king  of  Bab- 
ylon, and  serve  him  and  his  people,  and  live.  ^^  Why  will  ye  die,  thou 
and  thy  people,  by  the  sword,  by  the  famine,  and  by  the  pestilence,  as 
the  Lord  hath  spoken  against  the  nation  that  will  not  serve  the  king  of 
Babylon  ?  ^"^  Therefore  hearken  not  unto  the  words  of  the  prophets  that 
speak  unto  you,  saying,  '  Ye  shall  not  serve  the  king  of  Babylon  ; '  for 
they  prophesy  a  lie  unto  you.  ^^  For  I  have  not  sent  them,  saith  the 
Lord,  yet  they  prophesy  *a  lie  in  my  name  ;  that  I  might  drive  you 
out,  and  that  ye  might  perish,  ye,  and  the  prophets  that  prophesy 
unto  you." 


Oxford    MS.    of   the    Arabic    version    also    read 
Zedekiah. 

It  is  evident,  Dr.  Blayney  further  observes, 
(Notes  on  Jererniah  in  loc.  p.  201,)  that  the  prophe- 
cies contained  both  in  this  chapter  and  that  which 
follows,  belonir  to  the  fourth  year  of  Zedekiah's 
reisjn  About  this  time  ambassadors  came  to  Zede- 
kiah from  the  kings  of  Edom,  Moab,  and  otiier 
neighbouring  nations,  to  solicit  him,  as  it  should 
seem,  to  join  with  them  in  a  confederacy  against 
the  king  of  Babylon.  On  this  occasion  Jeremiah 
is  ordered  to  put  bands  and  yokes  about  his  neck, 
and  to  send  them  afterwards  to  the  before  mention- 
ed kings,  declaring  the  sovereignty  of  Neb\ichad- 
nezzar.  and  his  successors,  to  be  of  divine  appoint- 
ment, and  promising  peace  and  protection  to  such 
as  submitted  quietly,  but  menacing  evil  in  case  of 
resistance,  (ver.  l-ll.)  A  like  admonition  is  given 
to  Zedekiah,  advising  him  not  to  expose  himself 
and  his  people  to  certain  ruin,  by  listening  to  the 
suggestions  of  false  prophets,  and  revolting  from 
the  service  of  the  king  of  Babylon,  (ver.  12-1.5.) 
The  priests  and  all  the  people  are  also  warned  not 
to  give  credit  to  the  false  prophets,  who  taught  them 
to  expect  a  speedy  restoration  of  the  vessels  which 


had  been  carried  to  Babylon,  together  with  Jeco- 
niah.  Instead  of  which  it  is  foretold  that  the  re- 
maini no- vessels  in  the  house  of  God,  and  in  the 
king's  house  at  Jerusalem,  should  be  carried  after 
the^other,  and  should  not  return  till  the  appointed 
period  of  Judah's  captivity  was  at  an  end,  (ver.  IG, 
to  the  end.)  In  chap,  xxviii.  ver.  1,  the  precise 
date  of  the  preceding-  prophecy,  which  gave  rise 
to  the  transaction  now  related,  is  determined. 
Hananiah  was  one  of  those  false  prophets  who  de- 
ceived the  Jews  with  the  hope  that  the  yoke  of  the 
king  of  Babylon  would  be  broken  "  within  two  full 
years."  and  the  captives  restored.  Jeremiah  con- 
sents (ver.  5-9.)  to  acknowledge  Hananiah  to  be 
a  prophet  of  the  Lord,  should  his  prediction  be  ac- 
complished :  in  confirmation  of  which  the  latter 
takes  the  yoke  from  Jeremiah's  neck,  and  breaks 
it,  (ver.  10.)  Jeremiah  is  then  commanded  to  de- 
clare that  the  yokes  of  wood,  that  Hananiah  had 
broken,  should  be  made,  unto  these  nations,  yokes 
of  iron  ;  and  further,  to  convince  the  people  that  he 
was  not  a  true  prophet,  but  that  he  '•  taught  rebel- 
lion against  the  Lord,"  his  death,  within  the  year, 
is  predicted,  and  takes  place  two  months  after- 
wards. 


912  HANANIAH  THE  FALSE  PROPHET  IS  PUNISHED.      [Period  VII. 

""  Also  I  spake  to  the  priests  and  to  all  this  people,  saying,  "  Thus  saith 
the  Lord  ;   Hearken    not  to  the  words  of  your  prophets  that  jjrophcsy 

/2Ch.  :i6. 7, 10.  unto  you,  sayintr,  '  Behold,  '^the  vessels  of  the  Lord's  house  shall  now 
shortly  be  brought  again  from  Babylon  ; '  for  they  prophesy  a  lie  unto 
you.  ^^  Hearken  not  unto  them  :  serve  the  king  of  Babylon,  and  live  : 
wherefore  should  this  city  be  laid  waste  ?  ^^  But  if  they  be  prophets,  and 
if  the  word  of  the  Lord  be  with  them,  let  them  now  make  intercession 
to  the  Lord  of  hosts,  that  the  vessels  which  are  left  in  the  house  of 
the  Lord,  and  in  the  house  of  the  king  of  Judah,  and  at  Jerusalem,  go 
not  to  Babylon. 

^^ "  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  concerning  the  pillars,  and  con- 
cerning the  sea,  and  concerning  the  bases,  and  concerning  the  residue 
of  the  vessels  that  remain  in   this  city,  ~^  which  Nebuchadnezzar  king 

f  2Ki.  24.14, 15.  of  Babylon  took  not,  when  he  carried  away  ^captive  Jeconiah  the  son 
of  Jehoiakim  king  of  Judah  from  Jerusalem  to  Babylon,  and  all  the 
nobles  of  Judah  and  Jerusalem  ;  ^^  yea,  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
the  God  of  Israel,  concerning  the  vessels  that  remain  in  the  house  of 
the  Lord,  and  in  the  house  of  the  king  of  Judah  and  of  Jerusalem  ; 

*2^ch''36''j8^'      '^""They  shall  be  ''carried  to   Babylon,  and  there  shall  they   be  until 

iach. 36.21.      the  day  that  I  'visit  them,  saith  the  Lord  ;  then  ^vvill  I  bring  them  up, 

jEzrai.7.  &.7.    aud  TCstorc  them  to  this  place." 

^   And  it  came  to  pass  the  same  year,  in  the  begin-  Jeremiah  xxviii. 
ning  of  the  reign  of  Zedekiah  king  of  Judah,  in  the  fourth 
year,  and  in  the  fifth  month,  that  Hananiah  the  son  of  Azur  the  proph- 
et, which  was  of  Gibeon,  spake  unto  me  in  the  house  of  the  Lord, 


speaketh  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel,  saying,  I   have  broken 
^iieh.  two  years    tlic  yokc  of  the  king  of  Babylon.  ^  Within  ft  wo  full  years  will  I  bring 
"'''"  again  into  this  place  all  the  vessels  of  the  Lord's  house,  that  Nebu- 

chadnezzar king  of  Babylon  took  away  from  this  place,  and  carried 
them  to  Babylon  :  "*  and  I  will  bring  again  to  this  place  Jeconiah  the 
X  Heh.  captivitu.  gou  of  Jchoiakim  king  of  Judah,  with  all  the  tcaptives  of  Judah,  that 
went  into  Babylon,  saith  the  Lord  ;  for  I  will  break  the  yoke  of  the 
king  of  Babylon." 

^  Then  the  prophet  Jeremiah  said  unto  the  prophet  Hananiah  in  the 
presence  of  the  priests,  and  in  the  presence  of  all  the  people  that  stood 
in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  •"  even  the  prophet  Jeremiah  said,  "  Amen  ! 
the  Lord  do  so  !  the  Lord  perform  thy  words  which  thou  hast  prophe- 
sied, to  bring  again  the  vessels  of  the  Lord's  house,  and  all  that  is  car- 
ried away  captive,  from  Babylon  into  this  place.  '^  Nevertheless  hear 
thou  now  this  word  that  I  speak  in  thine  ears,  and  in  the  ears  of  all  the 
people  ;  **  the  pro|)hets  that  have  been  before  me  and  before  thee  of  old 
prophesied  both  against  many  countries,  and  against  great  kiMgdoms, 
kVe.  18.23.  ^f  ^^.^^^  j^^j  of  cvil,  and  of  pestilence.  ^  The  ^prophet  which  prophesieth 
of  peace,  when  the  word  of  the  prophet  shall  come  to  pass,  then  shall 
the  prophet  be  known,  that  the  Lord  hath  truly  sent  him." 

''^  Then  Hananiah  the  prophet  took  the  yoke  from  oft"  the  prophet 
Jeremiah's  neck,  and  brake  it.  '^  And  Hananiah  spake  in  the  presence 
of  all  the  people,  saying,  "  Thus  saith  tlie  Lord  ;  Even  so  will  I  break 
the  yoke  of  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon  from  the  neck  of  all  na- 
tions within  tlie  space  of  two  full  years."  And  the  prophet  Jeremiah 
went  his  way. 

'-  '^I'hcn  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Jeremiah  t/tc  prophet,  after 
that  Hananiah  the  prophet  had  broken  the  yoke  from  oft'  the  neck  of 
the  prophet  Jeremiah,  saying,  '-^  "  Go  and  tell  Hananiah,  saying.  Thus 
saith  the  Lord  ;  Tliou  hast  broken  the  yokes  of  wood  ;  but  thou  shall 
make  for  them  yokes  of  iron.  ^'^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the 


Part  L]    JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  CONCERNING  SURROUNDING  NATIONS.  913 

iDe.  28.48.  God  of  Israel ;  'I  have  put  a  yoke  of  iron  upon  the  neck  of  all  these 
nations,  that  they  may  serve  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon  ;  and 
they  shall  serve  him :  and  1  have  given  iiim  the  beasts  of  the  field 

15  Then  said  the  prophet  Jeremiah  unto  Hananiah  the  prophet, 
"Hear  now  Hananiah  !  The  Lord  hath  not  sent  thee  ;  but  thou  makest 
this  people  'to  trust  in  a  lie.  ^"^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  Be- 
hold I  will  cast  tiiee  from  off  the  face  of  the  earth  :  this  year  thou 
shall  die,  because  thou  hast  taught  *rebellion  agamst  the  Lord.  '  So 
Hananiah  the  prophet  died  the  same  year  m  the  seventh  month. 

Section  Ylll.— Jeremiah' s  Prophecy  of  the  Fate  of  the  surrounding  Nations. 
Jeremiah  xlviii.  and  xlix.('O) 

28  t/Kedar,  30  of  Hazor,  34  and  of  Elam.     39  The  restoration  of  Llam. 

1  Against  ''Moab  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 
Woe  unto  ''Nebo  !  for  it  is  spoiled  : 
Kiriathaim  'is  confounded  and  taken  : 
*Misgab  is  confounded  and  dismayed. 

2  There  shall  be  no  more  praise  of  Moab : 
In  Heshbon  they  have  devised  evil  against  it ; 
Come,  and  let  us  cut  it  oft'  from  being  a  nation. 
Also  thou  shalt  \he  cut  down,  O  Madmen  ^ 
The  sword  shall  tpursue  thee. 

3  A  voice  of  crying  shall  be  from  Horonaim, 
Spoiling  and  great  destruction. 

^  Moab  is  destroyed ; 

Her  little  ones  have  caused  a  cry  to  be  heard. 
5  For  in  tiie  going  up  of  Luhith 

*Continual  weeping  shall  go  up  ; 

For  in  the  going  down  of  Horonaim 

The  enemies  have  heard  a  cry  of  destruction. 
6  Flee  !  save  your  lives  ! 

And  be  like  tthe  heath  in  the  wilderness. 
->  For  because  thou  hast  trusted  in  thy  works  and  m  thy  treasures, 

Thou  shalt  also  be  taken  ; 

And  ''Chemosh  shall  go  forth  into  captivity 

With  his  priests  and  his  princes  together. 

8  And  the  spoiler  shall  come  upon  every  city, 
And  no  city  shall  escape : 
The  valley  also  shall  perish. 
And  the  plain  shall  be  destroyed,  as  the  Lord  hath  spoken. 

9  Give  wings  unto  Moab,  that  it  may  flee  and  get  away  ; 
For  the  cities  thereof  shall  be  desolate. 
Without  any  to  dwell  therein.  ^ 


*  Heb.  revolt. 
De.  13.  5. 


SECT.  virr. 


A.  M.  3409. 
B.  C.  595. 


o  Is.  XV.  &  xvi. 

Je.  25.  21.  &  27. 

3.  Ez.  25.  9. 

Am.  2.  1,2. 
i  Nu.  32.  38.  & 

33.  47.  Is.  15.  2. 
cNu.  32.  37. 
*  Or,  The  high 

place. 


■f  Or,  be  brought 
to  silence.  Is.  15. 

a  Or,  Madmenah, 
acity  oft-imeon. 
—Ed. 

X  Heb.  go  after 
thee. 


*  Heb.  Weeping 
with  weeping. 


■f  Or,  a  naked  tree. 


d  Nu.  21.  29.  Ju. 
11.  24.  See  Is. 
46.  1,2. 


0°)  Chapters  xlviii.  and  xlix.  are  placed  in  this 
section  on  account  of  their  apparent  connection  with 
the  two  preceding  chapters.  It  is  not  improbable, 
that  (immediatelv  after  the  death  of  Hananiah 
whose  warmest  adherents  must  now  be  convinced 
of  the  deception  he  had  practised  on  them,  and 
the  fallacy  of  his  predictions,)  Jeremiah  directed 
the  king  and  the  people  to  his  own  prophecies,  in 
the  hope  they  would  now  be  persuaded  by  them  to 
yield  to  the  yoke  of  the  king  of  Babylon.  He 
wished  them  to  save  themselves  from  the  fata 
desolations,  which  would  attend  those  nations  that 
were  leacrued  against  that  monarch,  in  direct  oppo- 
sition to^the  commands  of  God,  who  had  "  given 
all  these  lands  into  the  hands  of  Nebuchadnezzar. 
VOL.    I.  ^1'^ 


Many  passages  and  expressions  will  be  found  in 
this  chapter,''siniilar  to  those  of  Isaiah  xv.  and  xvi. 
in  a  prophecy  against  Moab.  (Compare  also  Isaiah 
xxiv.  17,  18,  with  ver.  43,  44,  of  this  chapter.) 
These  prophecies  concerning  the  Moabites,  Am- 
monites, Edomites,  and  other  neighbouring  nations, 
are  supposed  to  have  been  fulfilled  about  the  time 
of  the  siege  of  Tyre.  Isaiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezekiel, 
Amos,  and  Zephiniah,  prophesied  in  succession 
ao-ainst  these  people.  The  only  date  that  the 
chapters  bear  is  contained  in  ver.  34,  and  it  seems 
probable,  therefore,  that  the  prediction  against  Elam 
was  uttered  soon  after  those  in  the  former  part  ot 
the  chapter,  but  not  added  to  them  till  the  time  ot 
Ezra. 

3y 


914  JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  FATE  [Period  VIL 

'fpa.^"5.3,f  ■     "  Cursed  'be  he  that  doeth  the  work  of  the  Lord  tdeceitfully  ! 
iki.20.42.  And  cursed  be  he  that  keepeth  back  his  sword  from  blood ! 

X  Or,  negligently.  ,i  jyj^^,^   j,^^,^  ^^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  f^^^^  j^j^  j,^^^,^^ 

And  he  hath  settled  on  his  lees, 
And  hath  not  been  emptied  from  vessel  to  vessel, 
Neither  hath  he  gone  into  captivity  : 
*Heh. su,od.  Therefore  his  taste  ^remained  in  him, 

And  his  scent  is  not  changed. 
^^  Therefore,  behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 

That   I   will  send  unto  him  wanderers,   that   shall   cause    him   to 

wander, 
And  shall  empty  his  vessels,  and  break  their  bottles. 
^^  And  Moab  shall  be  ashamed  of  Chcmosh, 
/iKi.  12. 29.  As  the  house  of  Israel  was  ashamed  of -^Beth-el  their  confidence. 

^'^  How  say  ye,  "  We  are  mighty 
And  strong  men  for  the  war  ?  " 
^^  Moab  is  spoiled,  and  gone  up  out  of  her  cities, 
]  Hch.  the  choice        ^j^j  jj^jg  choscu  youug  men  are  gone  down  to  the  slaughter, 
Saith  the  King,  whose  name  is  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^*^  The  calamity  of  Moab  is  near  to  come, 

And  his  affliction  hasteth  fast. 
^''  All  ye  that  are  about  him,  bemoan  him  ; 
And  all  ye  that  know  his  name,  say, 
fj^<=ei_s.  9.  4.  &       How  'is  the  strong  staff  broken, 
And  the  beautiful  rod ! 
^^  Thou  daughter  that  dost  inhabit  Dibon, 
Come  down  from  thy  glory,  and  sit  in  thirst ; 
For  the  spoiler  of  Moab  shall  come  upon  thee, 
And  he  shall  destroy  thy  strong-holds. 
tmh.inhamrcs.  19  Q  Unhabitaut  of  Aroer  ! 

Stand  by  the  way,  and  espy  ; 

Ask  him  that  fleeth,  and  her  that  escapeth, 

And  say.  What  is  done  ? 

2**  Moab  is  confounded  ;   for  it  is  broken  down  : 
Howl  and  cry  ! 

Tell  ye  it  in  Arnon,  that  Moab  is  spoiled ! 
^'  And  judgment  is  come  upon  the  plain  country ; 

Upon  Holon,  and  upon  Jahazah,  and  upon  Mephaath, 
^^  And  upon  Dibon,  and  upon  Nebo,  and  upon  Beth-diblathaim, 
^^  And  upon  Kiriatliaim,  and  upon  Beth-gamul,  and  upon  Beth-meon, 
^^  And  iijmn  Kerioth,  and  upon  Bozrah, 

And  u[)on  all  the  cities  of  the  land  of  Moab,  far  or  near. 
25  The  horn  of  Moab  is  cut  off, 
A  See  E...  30. 21.        ^ud  his  "arm  is  broken,  .saith  the  Lord. 
2^  Make  ye  him  drunken  ; 
For  he  magnified  himself  against  the  Lord. 
Moab  also  shall  wallow  in  his  vomit, 
„     ,  „  And  he  also  shall  be  in  derision. 

1  Zcp.  2.  8.  27     T?  i  .      T  11-.  t  .^ 

-='  Tor   was  not  Israel  a  derision  unto  thee? 

i  oT  ll'rLT"  "^^^  • ''"^  ^^""''  ^'""""S  tliicves  ? 

thysd}"'"'  '  Fo'"  since  thou  spakest  of  him,  thou  *skippedst  for  joy. 

2«  O  ye  that  dwell  in  Moab, 

Leave  the  cities,  and  dwell  in  the  rock, 

And  be  like  the  dove 

That  maketh  her  nest  in  the  sides  of  the  hole's  mouth. 

kU  16.  6,^0.  29   ^Ve   1,,^,.,,   ,,^.^,j   .^,^^   p^ij^  qJ.    ^^^^^^ 

(He  is  exceeding  proud,) 


p^^^  ^  1  OF  THE  SURROUNDING  NATIONS.  915 

His  loftiness,  and  his  arrogancy, 
And  his  pride,  and  the  haughtiness  of  his  heart. 
30  I  know  his  wrath,  saith  the  Lord  ; 
But  it  shall  not  be  so  ; 
^  Ox,  those  on  jjjig  lies  shall  not  so  affect  it. 

S'".l-tr)  31  Therefore  will  I  howl  for  Moab, 

do  not  rigH.  ^^^  ^  ^^.jj  ^^^  ^^^  ^^^  ^^j  ^^^^i  ) 

My  heart  shall  mourn  for  the  mea  of  Kir-heres. 

32  O  vine  of  Sibmah  ! 

a  Or,  imperson-         T  ^^\\\  weep  for  tliec  with  the  weeping  of  Jazer: 

ally.  There  shall  .  '  ,i 

be  a  mourning.        Thy  plauts  are  gone  over  the  sea, 

~^^'  They  reach  even  to  the  sea  of  Jazer :  , 

The  spoiler  is  fallen  upon  thy  summer  fruits  and  upon  thy  vintage. 

33  And  joy  and  gladness  is  taken 
From  the  plentiful  field, 

And  from  the  land  of  Moab ; 

And  I  have  caused  wine  to  fail  from  the  winepresses  : 

None  shall  tread  with  shouting  ; 

Their  shouting  shall  be  no  shouting. 

34  From  the  cry  of  Heshbon  even  unto  Elealeh, 

And  even  unto  Jahaz,  have  they  uttered  their  voice, 
From  Zoar  even  unto  Horonaim, 
As  a  heifer  of  three  years  old  ; 
xnth.desoiations.       Yox  the  watcrs  also  of  Nimrim  shall  be  tdesolate. 

35  Moreover  I  will  cause  to  cease  in  Moab,  saith  the  Lord, 
Him  that  offereth  in  the  high  places, 

And  him  that  burneth  incense  to  his  gods. 

36  Therefore  my  heart  shall  sound  for  Moab  like  pipes, 

And  my  heart  shall  sound  like  pipes  for  the  men  of  Kir-heres ; 
Because  the  riches  that  he  hath  gotten  are  perished. 

37  For  every  head  shall  be  bald, 
•  Heb.dimini^fted.       ^^^  cvcry  beard  *clipped  : 

Upon  all  the  hands  shall  be  cuttings. 
And  upon  the  loins  sackcloth. 

38  There  shall  be  lamentation  generally  upon  all  the  housetops  of  Moab, 
And  in  the  streets  thereof : 

For  I  have  broken  Moab 

Like  a  vessel  wherein  is  no  pleasure,  saith  the  Lord. 

39  They  shall  howl,  saying,  How  is  it  broken  down ! 
X  Heb.  neck.  jjow  hath  Moab  turned  the  tback  with  shame  ! 

So  shall  Moab  be  a  derision, 
And  a  dismaying  to  all  them  about  him. 
40  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
iDe.28.49.  Da.        Bchold,  'he  shall  fly  as  an  eagle. 
Hat.  ""s."'  '■          And  shall  "spread  his  wings  over  Moab. 


8 

•  Or,  The  cities. 
n  Is.  13.  8.  &  21 


*Kerioth  is  taken,  and  the  strong-holds  are  surprised 

And  "the  mighty  men's  hearts  in  Moab  at  that  day  shall  be 


n  IS.  1.5.  o. 6L  ai.  jiiiu      li"'^  x.i-(3---j 

3.  Mic.  4. 9.  ^g  ^j^g  l^g^rt  of  a  woman  in  her  pangs. 

42  And  Moab  shall  be  destroyed  from  being  a  people. 

Because  he  hath  magnified  himself  against  the  Lord. 
els. 24. 17,18.     43  fear,  "and  the  pit,  and  the  snare,  shall  be  upon  thee, 

O  inhabitant  of  Moab !   saith  the  Lord. 

44  He  that  fleeth  from  the  fear— shall  fall  into  the  pit ; 

And  he  that  getteth  up  out  of  the  pit— shall  be  taken  in  the  snare ; 
For  I  will  bring  upon  it,  even  upon  Moab, 
The  year  of  their  visitation,  saith  the  Lord. 

45  They  that  fled 


916 


JEREMIAH  PROPHESIES  THE  FATE  [Period  VII 


t  Heb.  MUren 
of  noise. 


X  Heb.  1 
tty. 


•  Or,  .^gainst. 
Ez.  21.  OS.  &. 
25.  2.  Am.  1.  13. 
Zep.  2.  8,  9. 

t  Or,  Melcom. 


X  Or,  Melcom. 
1  Ki.  11.  5,  33. 


*  Or,  Thy  valley 
JUneetA  away. 


t  Or,  tkey  are 
turtud  back. 


X  nc\>.  Ikeir  suf- 
ficiency. 


Stood  under  the  shadow  of  Heshbon  because  of  the  force : 

But  a  fire  shall  come  forth  out  of  Heshbon, 

And  a  tianie  from  the  midst  of  Sihon, 

And  shall  devour  the  corner  of  Moab, 

And  the  crown  of  the  head  of  the  ttumultuous  ones. 

"^^  Woe  be  unto  thee,  O  Moab ! 
The  people  of  Chemosh  perisheth  ; 
For  thy  sons  are  taken  tcaptives, 
And  thy  daughters  captives. 
'  Yet  will  I  bring  again  the  captivity  of  Moab 
In  the  latter  days,  saith  the  Lord. 
Thus  far  is  the  judgment  of  Moab. 

^  ^Concerning  the  Ammonites,  thus  saith  the  Lord  ;        Jeremiah 
Hath  Israel  no  sons  ?  xlix. 

Hath  he  no  heir  ? 

Why  then  doth  ttheir  king  inherit  Gad, 
And  his  people  dwell  in  his  cities  ? 
'■  Therefore,  behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 
That  I  will  cause  an  alarm  of  war  to  be  heard 
In  Rabbah  of  the  Ammonites; 
And  it  shall  be  a  desolate  heap, 
And  her  daughters  shall  be  burned  with  fire  : 

Then  shall  Israel  be  heir  unto  them  that  were  his  heirs,  saith   the 
'  Howl,  O  Heshbon,  for  Ai  is  spoiled  !  [Lord. 

Cry,  ye  daughters  of  Rabbah, 
Gird  you  with  sackcloth  ! 
Lament,  and  run  to  and  fro  by  the  hedges ! 
For  ttheir  king  shall  go  into  captivity. 
And  his  priests  and  his  princes  together, 

^  Wherefore  gloriest  thou  in  the  valleys, 
*Thy  flowing  valley,  O  backsliding  daughter  ? 
That  trusted  in  her  treasures,  saying.  Who  shall  come  unto  me  ? 
Behold,  I  will  bring  a  fear  upon  thee,  saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts, 
From  all  those  that  be  about  thee ; 
And  ye  shall  be  driven  out  every  man  right  forth  ; 
And  none  shall  gather  up  him  that  wandereth. 
And  afterward  I  will  bring  again  the  captivity 
Of  the  children  of  Amnion,  saith  the  Lord. 

■^  Concerning  Edom,  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 
Is  wisdom  no  more  in  Teman  ? 
Is  counsel  perished  from  the  prudent  ? 
Is  their  wisdom  vanished  ? 

Flee  ye,  tturn  back,  dwell  deep,  O  inhabitants  of  Dedan  ! 
For  I  will  bring  the  calamity  of  Esau  upon  him, 
The  time  that  I  will  visit  him. 
If  grapegatherers  come  to  thee, 
Would  they  not  leave  some  gleaning  grapes? 
If  thieves  by  night,  they  will  destroy  ttill  they  have  enough. 

^•^  But  I  have  made  Esau  bare, 
I  have  uncovered  his  secret  places. 
And  he  shall  not  be  able  to  hide  himself: 

His  seed  is  spoiled,  and  his  brethren,  and  his  neighbours — and  he  is 
Leave  thy  fatherless  children — I  will  preserve  them  alive  ;  [not. 

And  let  thy  \vidows  trust  in  me. 

'-  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Behold,  they  whose  judgment  was  not  to  drink  of  the  cup 
Have  assuredly  drunken ; 


Part  I.] 


OP  THE  SURROUNDING  NATIONS. 


917 


p  Job  39.  27. 
q  Am.  9.  2. 


■  See  Ge. 


a  Ex.  15.  11. 

•  Or,  convent  ■ 
in  judgment. 
t  Job  41.  10. 


tHeb.  Weedy 


«l3.  17.  1.  & 
13.  Am.  1.3. 
Zee.  9.  1,  2. 


X  Heb.  melted. 
*  Or,  as  on  Hu 


VOL.  I. 


And  art  thou  he  that  shall  altogether  go  unpunished  ? 
Thou  shalt  not  go  unpunished, 
But  thou  shalt  surely  drink  of  it. 
13  For  I  have  sworn  by  myself,  saith  the  Lord, 
That  Bozrah  shall  become  a  desolation, 
A  reproach,  a  waste,  and  a  curse  ; 
And  all  the  cities  thereof  shall  be  perpetual  wastes. 

14  I  have  heard  a  rumor  from  the  Lord, 
And  an  ambassador  is  sent  unto  the  heathen,  saying, 
Gather  ye  together,  and  come  against  her, 
And  rise  up  to  the  battle. 

15  For,  lo,  I  will  make  thee  small  among  the  heathen, 
And  despised  among  men. 

16  Thy  terribleness  hath  deceived  thee,  ^  c^  e  ♦v,^ 
And  the  pride  of  thy  heart,  O  thou  that  dwellest  in  the  clefts  of  the 
That  boldest  the  height  of  the  hill !  ,  ,  i  ^  ' 
Though  thou  shouldest  make  niiy  nest  as  high  as  the  eagle, 

I  'will  bring  thee  down  from  thence,  saith  the  Lord. 

1^  Also  Edom  shall  be  a  desolation : 
Every  one  that  goeth  by  it  shall  be  astonished, 
And  shall  hiss  at  all  the  plagues  thereof. 

18  As  'in  the  overthrow  of  Sodom  and  Gomorrah 
And  the  neighbour  cities  thereof,  saith  the  Lord, 
No  man  shall  abide  there. 

Neither  shall  a  son  of  man  dwell  in  it. 

19  Behold,  he  shall  come  up 

Like  a  lion  from  the  swelling  of  Jordan 

Against  the  habitation  of  the  strong  : 

But  I  will  suddenly  make  him  run  away  from  her : 

And  who  is  a  chosen  man,  that  I  may  appoint  over  her  . 

For  Vho  is  hke  Me  ?  and  who  will  *appoint  Me  the  time  .^ 

And  'who  is  that  shepherd  that  will  stand  before  Me  ? 

20  Therefore  hear  the  counsel  of  the  Lord, 
That  he  hath  taken  against  Edom  ;  ,     •   .    u-.     *    ^f 

And  his  purposes,  that  he  hath  purposed  against  the  inhabitants  ot^ 
Surely  the  least  of  the  flock  shall  draw  them  out :  [leman  . 

Surely  he  shall  make  their  habitations  desolate  with  them. 

21  The  earth  is  moved  at  the  noise  of  their  fall. 

At  the  cry  the  noise  thereof  was  heard  in  the  tRed  bea. 

22  Behold,  he  shall  come  up  and  fly  as  the  eagle. 

And  spread  his  wings  over  Bozrah ;  

And  at  that  day  shall  the  heart  of  the  mighty  men  of  Edom  be 
As  the  heart  of  a  woman  in  her  pangs. 
17-  23  Concerning  "Damascus. 

Hamath  is  confounded,  and  Arpad ; 
For  they  have  heard  evil  tidings : 
They  are  tfaint-hearted  ; 
There  is  sorrow  *on  the  sea  ; 
It  cannot  be  quiet. 

24  Damascus  is  waxed  feeble, 
And  turneth  herself  to  flee, 
And  fear  hath  seized  on  her  : 
Anguish  and  sorrows  have  taken  her, 
As  a  woman  in  travail. 

25  How  is  the  city  of  praise  not  left. 
The  city  of  my  joy  ! 

26  Therefore  her  young  men  shall  fall  in  her  streets,        ^ 

o  Y 


918  JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  CONCERNING  SURROUNDING  NATIONS,  [Period  VII. 

And  all  the  men  of  war  shall  be  cut  off  in  that  day, 
Saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^^  And  I  will  kindle  a  fire  in  the  wall  of  Damascus, 
And  it  shall  consume  the  palaces  of  Ben-hadad. 
''^'•^^•^"^-  ^^  Concerning  "Kedar,  and  concerning  the  kingdoms  of  Hazor, 

whicii  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon  shall  smite,  thus   saith  the 
Lord, — 

Arise  ye,  go  up  to  Kedar, 
And  spoil  the  men  of  the  east. 
-^  Their  tents  and  their  Hocks  shall  they  take  away  : 
They  shall  take  to  themselves  their  curtains. 
And  all  their  vessels,  and  their  camels  ; 
And  they  shall  cry  unto  them,  Fear  is  on  every  side  ! 

Dwell  deep,  O  ye  inhabitants  of  Hazor  !  saith  the  Lord  ; 

For  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon  hath  taken  counsel  against  you, 

And  hath  conceived  a  purpose  against  you. 
^e^e/''"' " "'  ^'  Arise,  get  you  up  unto  the  twealthy  nation, 

That  dvvelleth  without  care,  saith  the  Lord, 

Which  have  neither  gates  nor  bars. 

Which  '"dwell  alone. 
^^  And  their  camels  shall  be  a  booty. 

And  the  multitude  of  their  cattle  a  spoil  : 
J!rtrs%ftl'^       And  I  will  scatter  into  all  winds  them  that  are  *in  the  utmost  corners  ; 

»7thdr  hlTr""        ^"^  ^  ^'^^  ^""g  t'^6^^  calamity 

?"««''•  From  all  sides  thereof,  saith  the  Lord. 

^^  And  Hazor  shall  be  a  dwelling  for  dragons, 

And  a  desolation  for  ever  : 

There  shall  no  man  abide  there,  nor  any  son  of  man  dwell  in  it. 
2''  The  word  of  the  Lord  that  came  to  Jeremiah  tlie  prophet 

against  Elam  in  the  beginning  of  the  reign  of  Zedekiah  king  of 

Judah,  saying, — 

^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 
See  18.  ^.  6.  Behold,  I  will  break  ^the  bow  of  Elam, 

The  chief  of  their  might. 
^^  And  upon  Elam  will  I  bring  the  four  winds 

From  the  four  quarters  of  heaven. 

And  will  scatter  them  toward  all  those  winds ; 

And  there  shall  be  no  nation. 

Whither  the  outcasts  of  Elam  shall  not  come. 
^^  For  I  will  cause  Elam  to  be  dismayed  before  their  enemies, 

And  before  them  that  seek  their  life  : 

And  I  will  bring  evil  upon  them. 

Even  my  fierce  anger,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

And  I  will  send  the  sword  after  them. 

Till  I  have  consumed  them  : 
3^  And  I  will  "set  my  throne  in  Elam, 

And  will  destroy  from  thence 

The  king  and  the  princes,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  But  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  the  latter  days, 

That  I  will  bring  again  the  captivity  of  Elam,  saith  the  Lord. 


w  Nu.  23.  9.  De. 
33.  28.  Mic.  7. 
14. 


y  See  Je.  43.  10. 


Part  I.] 


JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  BABiXON, 


919 


SECT.   IX. 


A.  M.  3409. 
B.  C.  595. 


a  Is.  13.  1.&21. 
1.&  47.  1. 

*  Heb.  bij  the 
hand  of  Jeremi- 
ah. 

t  Heb.  lift  vp. 


6  Ho.  1.  11. 

c  Ezra  3.  12,  13. 

Ps.  12H.  5,  6. 

Zee.  12.  10. 
d  Ho.  3.5. 


«  Is.  53.  6. 
2.25. 


t  Heb.  place  to  I 
down  in. 


/Is.  48.  20.  Zee 
2.  6,7.  Re.  18. 


Section  IX.— Jeremiah  prophesies  the  Destruction  of  Babylon,  and  the  Re- 
turn of  the  Jews. 
Jeremiah    1.  and  li.<^') 

1   9  ''I   ZbTheiud^mcntofBalnjLon.    A.,  \l,Z:i  The  redemption  f  Israel. —  ChB-Y-Yu  I  The  s^Y!" 
'    jdlmento/God  a.rainst  Babylon  in  revenge  of  Israel.     59  feremtah  dehvereth  thebookofthxs 
^prophecy  to  SeraiJi,  to  be  cast  into  Euphrates,  in  token  of  the  perpetual  sinking  of  Babylon. 

1  The  word  that  the  Lord  spake  ''against  Babylon  and  against  the 
land  of  the  Chaldeans  *by  Jeremiah  the  prophet  :— 

2  Declare  ye  among  the  nations, 
And  publish,  and  tset  up  a  standard  ; 
Publish,  and  conceal  not : 

Say,  Babylon  is  taken, 

Bel  is  confounded,  Merodach  is  broken  in  pieces  ; 
Her  idols  are  confounded. 
Her  images  are  broken  in  pieces. 
3  For  out  of  the  north  there  cometh  up  a  nation  against  her, 
Which  shall  make  her  land  desolate, 
And  none  shall  dwell  therein  : 
They  shall  remove,  they  shall  depart, 
Both  man  and  beast. 

4  Tn  those  days,  and  in  that  time,  saith  the  Lord, 
The  children  of  Israel  shall  come, 
They  'and  the  children  of  Judah  together. 
Going  'and  weeping : 

They  shall  go,  ''and  seek  the  Lord  their  God. 
5  They  shall  ask  the  way  to  Zion 
With  their  faces  thitherward,  saying. 
Come,  and  let  us  join  ourselves  to  the  Lord 
In  a  perpetual  covenant  that  shall  not  be  forgotten. 

6  My  people  hath  been  lost  sheep : 
Their  shepherds  have  caused  them  to  go  astray, 

They  have  turned  them  away  on  the  mountains : 

They  have  gone  from  mountain  to  hill. 

They  have  forgotten  their  tresting  place. 
■^  All  that  found'them  have  devoured  them : 

And  their  adversaries  said,  "  We  offend  not, 

Because  they  have  sinned  against  the  Lord, 

The  habitation  of  justice. 

Even  the  Lord,  the  hope  of  their  fathers." 
8  Remove  ^ut  of  the  midst  of  Babylon, 

And  go  forth  out  of  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans, 

And  be  as  the  he-goats  before  the  flocks. 
9  For,  lo !  I  will  raise  and  cause  to  come  up  against  Babylon 

An  assembly  of  great  nations  from  the  north  country : 

And  they  shall  set  themselves  in  array  against  her  ; 

From  thence  she  shall  be  taken : 


(11)  We  learn  from  chapter  li.  50,  that  Zedekiah 
went  to  Babylon  attended  by  Seraiah,  and  probably 
for  tlie  purpose  of  paying  the  tribute  which  Nebu- 
chadnezzar had  imposed  on  him  The  prophet  em- 
braced the  opportunity  of  sending  various  predic- 
tions to  his  brethren  of  the  captivity.  Ezekiel  had 
not  yet  received  his  commission  to  execute  the 
prophetic  office,  and  it  belonged  therefore  to  Jere- 
miah to  watch  over  their  spiritual  welfare. 

These  chapters  contain  a  most  animated  and  dis- 
tinct prophecy  of  the  fall  of  Babylon,  intermixed 
and  contrasted  with  predictions  concerning  the  re- 
turn of  Israel  and  Judah  to  Zion;  who  were  not, 
like  their  predecessors,  to  be  destroyed,  but  on  their 


repentance  and  conversion  to  be  pardoned  and  re- 
stored This  prophecy  was  delivered  in  the  fourth 
year  of  the  reign  of  Zedekiah,  (ch.  li.  59.)  and 
Jferemiah  desired  after  it  had  been  read  at  Babylon, 
it  should  be  sunk  to  rise  no  more,  in  the  river 
Euphrates  ;  thereby  intimating  the  perpetual  de- 
struction of  that  proud  city.  More  than  two  thou- 
sand  years  have  passed  since  Cyrus  took  possession 
of  Babylon,  from  which  time  it  began  to  decay,  and 
has  now,  for  a  long  period,  been 

'•  A  land  wherein  no  man  dwelleth. 
Neither  doth  any  son  of  man  pass  thereby, 
(ch.  li.  43.)     So  literally  has  this  prediction  been 
accomplished. 


920 


JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  BABYLON. 


[Period  Vn. 


•  Or,  destroyer. 
g^Sa..  1.22. 


t  Heb.  big,  or, 

corimUnU 
J  Or,  neigh  as 

steeds. 


t  1  Ch.  23.  24. 

2  Ch.  30.  f .  La. 
5.  6.  Ez.  17.  18. 


Or,  scythe. 


*2Ki.  17.6. 
Z2Ki.  24.  10,  14. 


t  Or,  oj  the  rebels. 
X  Or,  visitation. 


n  See  2  Sa.  16. 
11.  2Ki.  18.25. 
2  Ch.  36. 23.  I«. 
10.  fi.  &  44.  28. 
&.  48.  14. 


Da.  5.  30,  31. 


Their  arrows  shall  be  as  of  a  mighty  *expert  man  ; 

None  ^shall  return  in  vain. 
^^  And  Chaldea  shall  be  a  spoil : 

All  ''that  spoil  her  shall  be  satisfied,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  Because  ye  were  glad,  because  ye  rejoiced, 

O  ye  destroyers  of  my  heritage. 

Because  ye  are  grown  tfat  as  the  heifer  at  grass, 

And  tbellow  as  bulls  ; 
^^  Your  mother  shall  be  sore  confounded  ; 

She  that  bare  you  shall  be  ashamed  : 

Behold,  the  hindermost  of  the  nations  shall  be 

A  wilderness,  a  dry  land,  and  a  desert  ! 
^^  Because  of  the  wrath  of  the  Lord  it  shall  not  be  inhabited, 

But  it  shall  be  wholly  desolate  : 

Every  one  that  goeth  by  Babylon  shall  be  astonished, 

And  hiss  at  all  her  plagues. 

^^  Put  yourselves  in  array  against  Babylon  round  about  : 

All  ye  that  bend  the  bow, 

Shoot  at  her,  spare  no  arrows  : 

For  she  hath  sinned  against  the  Lord. 
'^  Shout  against  her  round  about ! 

She  hath  'given  her  hand  : 

Her  foundations  are  fallen, 

Her  walls  are  thrown  down  : 

For  it  is  the  vengeance  of  the  Lord  : 

Take  vengeance  upon  her ; 

As  ^she  hath  done,  do  unto  her. 
'^  Cut  ofl'  the  sower  from  Babylon, 

And  him  that  handleth  the  *sickle  in  the  time  of  harvest: 

For  fear  of  the  oppressing  sword 

They  shall  turn  every  one  to  his  people, 

And  they  shall  flee  every  one  to  his  own  land. 
^^  Israel  is  a  scattered  sheep ; 

The  lions  have  driven  him  away  ; 

First  *the  king  of  Assyria  hath  devoured  him  ; 

And  last  this  'Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon  hath  broken  his  bones. 
^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel  ; 

Behold,  I  will  punish  the  king  of  Babylon  and  his  land, 

As  I  have  punished  the  king  of  Assyria. 
^^  And  "'I  will  bring  Israel  again  to  his  habitation, 

And  he  shall  feed  on  Carmel  and  Bashan, 

And  his  soul  shall  be  satisfied 

Upon  Mount  Ephraim  and  Gilead. 
^°  In  those  days,  and  in  that  time,  saith  the  Lord, 

The  iniquity  of  Israel  shall  be  sought  for — and  there  shall  be  none  ; 

And  the  sins  of  Judah — and  they  shall  not  be  found  : 

For  I  will  pardon  tliem  whom  I  reserve. 
^'  Go  up  against  the  land  tof  Merathaim, 

Even  against  it,  and  against  the  inhabitants  of  tPekod  : 

Waste  and  utterly  destroy  after  them,  saith  the  Lord, 

And  do  "according  to  all  that  I  have  commanded  thee. 
22  A  sound  of  battle  is  in  the  land, 

And  of  great  destruction. 
-^  How  is  the  hammer  of  the  whole  earth  cut  asunder  and  broken  ! 

How  is  Babylon  become  a  desolation  among  the  nations  ! 
2''  I  have  laid  a  snare  for  thee,  and  thou  art  also  taken, 

O  Babylon  !   "and  thou  wast  not  aware  ! 


Part  I.]  JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  BABYLON.  921 

Thou  art  found,  and  also  caught, 

Because  thou  hast  striven  agaUist  the  Lord. 
~5  The  Lord  hath  opened  his  armory, 

And  hath  brought  forth  the  weapons  of  his  indignation  ; 

For  this  is  the  work  of  the  Lord  God  of  hosts 

In  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans. 
•  Heb./rnmjA«     26  CoHic  agaiust  her  *from  the  utmost  border, 

Open  her  storehouses  : 
tor,  Treadher.        fCast  her  up  as  hcaps,  and  destroy  her  utterly: 

Let  nothing  of  her  be  left. 

27  Slay  all  her  bullocks  : 

Let  them  go  down  to  the  slaughter : 
Woe  unto  them  !  for  their  day  is  come, 
The  time  of  their  visitation. 

28  The  voice  of  them  that  flee  and  escape  out  of  the  land  of  Babylon, 
To  declare  in  Zion  the  vengeance  of  the  Lord  our  God, 

The  vengeance  of  his  temple, 

29  Call  together  the  archers  against  Babylon : 
All  ye  that  bend  the  bow. 
Camp  against  it  round  about ; 
Let  none  thereof  escape  : 
p  Re.  18. 6.  Recompense  ''her  according  to  her  work  ; 

According  to  all  that  she  hath  done,  do  unto  her : 
For  she  hath  been  proud  against  the  Lord, 
Against  the  Holy  One  of  Israel, 
■•'o  Therefore  shall  her  young  men  fall  in  the  streets. 

And  all  her  men  of  war  shall  be  cut  off  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord. 
tHeb.pWde.  31  Behold,  I  am  against  thee,  O  thou  tmost  proud, 

Saith  the  Lord  God  of  hosts, 

For  thy  day  is  come — the  time  that  I  will  visit  thee. 
•  iieb. pri<ie.        32  ^,^(j  *[\^q  Hiost  proud  shall  stumblc  and  fall, 
And  none  shall  raise  him  up  : 
And  I  will  kindle  a  fire  in  his  cities. 
And  it  shall  devour  all  round  about  him. 

33  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 
The  children   of  Israel   and  the  children  of  Judah  were  oppressed 
And  all  that  took  them  captives  held  them  fast ;  [together  : 

They  refused  to  let  them  go. 
5 Re.  18.8.  34  Their  'Redeemer  is  strong; 

The  Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name : 

He  shall  thoroughly  plead  their  cause. 

That  he  may  give  rest  to  the  land. 

And  disquiet  the  inhabitants  of  Babylon. 

35  A  sword  is  upon  the  Chaldeans,  saith  the  Lord, 
And  upon  the  inhabitants  of  Babylon, 
Da.  5. 30.  ^YiA  'upon  her  princes,  and  upon  'her  wise  men. 

A  sword  is  'upon  the  f  liars — and  they  shall  dote  : 
A  sword  is  upon  her  mi-hty  men — and  they  shall  be  dismayed. 
Heb.  Jar.-.  37  ^  g^^Qj-fi  ig  upoj^  their  horses,  and  upon  their  chariots. 

And  upon  all  the  mingled  people  that  are  in  the  midst  of  her ; 
And  they  shall  become  as  women : 

A  sword  is  upon  her  treasures — and  they  shfill  be  robbed. 
"i6.'^2^.'^^'^''    ^^  A  "drought  is  upon  her  waters — and  they  shall  be  dried  up: 
For  it  is  the  land  of  graven  images. 
And  they  are  mad  upon  their  idols. 
»  Re.  18.2.  39  Therefore  "the  wild  beasts  of  the  desert 

With  the  wild  beasts  of  the  islands  shall  dwell  there, 
VOL.  I.  116 


5  Is.  47.  13. 
t  Is.  44.  25. 

f  Or,  chief  stays. 


\'t 

Re.  17. 

&25. 
16. 

zJe. 

6.  22. 

a  Is. 

13.  18. 

b  U.  5. 30. 

922  JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  BABYLON.        [Period  Vlf 

And  the  owls  shall  dwell  therein : 
iflis.  13.20.  ^j^^j  "-jj  gjjj^jj  jjg  j-^Q  more  inhabited  for  ever  ; 

Neither  shall  it  be  dwelt  in  from  generation  to  generation. 
iGe.  19. 25.        40  ^g  'Qq^j  overthrew  Sodom  and  Gomorrah 

And  the  neighbour  cities  thereof,  sait/i  the  Lord  , 

So  shall  no  man  abide  there, 

Neither  shall  any  son  of  man  dwell  therein. 

'*'  Behold,  ^a  people  shall  come  from  the  north,  and  a  great  nation. 

And  many  kings  shall  be  raised  up  from  the  coasts  of  the  earth. 
^^  They  ^shall  hold  the  bow  and  the  lance : 

They  "arc  cruel,  and  will  not  show  mercy ; 

Their  'voice  shall  roar  hke  the  sea, 

And  they  shall  ride  upon  horses, 

Every  one  put  in  array,  like  a  man  to  the  battle, 

Against  thee,  O  daughter  of  Babylon  ! 
^•*  The  king  of  Babylon  hath  heard  the  report  of  them. 

And  his  hands  waxed  feeble : 

Anguish  took  hold  of  him, 

And  pangs  as  of  a  woman  in  travail. 
'*'*  Behold,  he  shall  come  up 

Like  a  lion  from  the  swelling  of  Jordan 

Unto  the  habitation  of  the  strong ; 

But  I  will  make  them  suddenly  run  away  from  her — 

And  who  is  a  chosen  man,  that  I  may  appoint  over  her? 
^topl/J?""'""        For  who  is  like  Me  ?  and  who  will  tappoint  Me  the  time? 
t  Job  41. 10.  And  'who  is  that  shepherd  that  will  stand  before  Me  ? 

^^  Therefore  hear  ye  the  counsel  of  the  Lord, 

That  he  hath  taken  against  Babylon  ; 

And  his  purposes,  that  he  hath  purposed  against  the  land  of  the 

Surely  the  least  of  the  flock  shall  draw  them  out :  [Chaldeans  ; 

Surely  he  shall  make  their  habitation  desolate  with  them. 
dRe.  18.9.         46  ^t  "the  uoisc  of  the  taking  of  Babylon  the  earth  is  moved, 

And  the  cry  is  heard  among  the  nations. 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  Jeremiah  H. 

Behold,  I  will  raise  up  against  Babylon, 
"Ueb.  heart.  ^,^j  agaiust  them  that  dwell  in   the  *midst  of  them   that  rise  up 

against  me, 
«2Ki.  19.7.  ^  'destroying  wind  ; 

^  And  will  send  unto  Babylon  fanners. 

That  shall  fan  her,  and  shall  empty  her  land  : 

For  in  the  day  of  trouble  they  shall  be  against  her  round  about. 
^  Against  him  that  bendeth  let  the  archer  bend  his  bow, 

And  against  him  that  lifteth  himself  up  in  his  brigandine  : 

And  spare  ye  not  her  young  men  ; 

Destroy  ye  utterly  all  her  host. 
■*  Thus  the  slain  shall  fall  in  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans, 

And  they  that  are  thrust  through  in  her  streets. 
^  For  Israel  hath  not  been  forsaken,  nor  Judah, 

Of  his  God,  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 

Though  their  land  was  filled  with  sin  against  the  Holy  One  of  Israel. 
^^'-  "^-  "•  '  Flee  -^out  of  the  midst  of  Babylon, 

And  deliver  every  man  his  soul : 

Be  not  cut  off"  in  her  iniquity  ; 

For  this  is  the  time  of  the  Lord's  vengeance  ; 

lie  will  render  unto  her  a  recompence. 
f  Re.  17. 4.  7  Bahyion  'hath  been  a  golden  cup  in  the  Lord's  hand, 

That  made  all  the  earth  drunken : 


Part  I.] 


JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  BABYLON. 


923 


I  Is.  21.  9.  Re,  14. 

8.  &  18.  2. 
j  Re.  18.  9,  11, 

19. 


a  Spoken  perhaps 
by  the  allies  of 
Babylon  to  justi- 
fy theii  deser- 
tion of  her.— £ii. 

Jt  Re.  18.  5. 


I  Heb.  pure. 
I  Is.  13.  17. 


m  Na.  2.  1.  &  3. 
14. 


J  Heb.  Hers  in 
wait. 


n  See  Ge.  6.  13. 
Re.  17.  1, 15. 


*  Heb.  by  his 
soul. 


t  Heb.  utter, 
o  Ge.  1.  1,  6. 


The  ''nations  have  drunken  of  her  wine  ; 
Therefore  the  nations  are  mad. 
8  Babylon  is  suddenly  'fallen  and  destroyed : 
Howl  ^for  her ! 
Take  balm  for  her  pain, 

If  so  be  she  may  be  healed.  ,      ,  j 

9  We  ^'would  have  healed  Babylon— but  she  is  not  healed : 

Forsake  her,  and  let  us  go  every  one  into  his  own  country : 

For  'her  judgment  reacheth  unto  heaven, 

And  is  lifted  up  even  to  the  skies. 
10  The  Lord  hath  brought  forth  our  righteousness : 

Come,  and  let  us  declare  in  Zion  the  work  of  the  Lord  ourUodl 

11  Make  tbright  the  arrows  !  gather  the  shields  !  ^   ,     . .    , 
The  'Lord  hath  raised  up  the  spirit  of  the  kings  of  the  Medes: 
For  his  device  is  against  Babylon,  to  destroy  it; 
Because  it  is  the  vengeance  of  the  Lord, 
The  vengeance  of  his  temple. 

12  Set  "up  the  standard  upon  the  walls  of  Babylon ! 
Make  the  watch  strong,  set  up  the  watchmen  ! 
Prepare  the  tambushes ! 
For  the  Lord  hath  both  devised  and  done 
That  which  he  spake  against  the  inhabitants  of  Babylon. 

13  O  "thou  that  dwellest  upon  many  waters,  abundant  in  treasures. 
Thine  end  is  come,  and  the  measure  of  thy  covetousness. 

14  The  Lord  of  hosts  hath  sworn  *by  himself,  saying, 
Surely  I  will  fill  thee  with  men,  as  with  caterpillars; 
And  they  shall  tlift  up  a  shout  against  thee. 

15  He  "hath  made  the  earth  by  his  power, 
He  hath  established  the  world  by  his  wisdom, 
And  ^hath  stretched  out  the  heaven  by  his  understanding. 

16  When  he  uttereth  his  voice,  there  is  a  Multitude  of  waters  in  the 
nPHVPns  * 

And  he  causeth  the  vapors  to  ascend  from  the  ends  of  the  earth: 

He  maketh  lightnings  with  rain, 

And  bringeth  forth  the  wind  out  of  his  treasures. 

17  Every  man  *is  brutish  by  his  knowledge  ; 
Every  founder  is  confounded  by  the  graven  image: 
For  his  molten  image  is  falsehood, 
And  there  is  no  breath  in  them. 

18  They  are  vanity,  the  work  of  errors  : 
In  the  time  of  their  visitation  they  shall  perish. 

19  The  portion  of  Jacob  is  not  like  them  ; 
For  he  is  the  Former  of  all  things : 
And  Israel  is  the  rod  of  his  inheritance  : 
The  Lord  of  hosts  is  his  name. 

20  Thou  art  my  battle-axe  and  weapons  of  war  : 
For  twith  thee  will  I  break  in  pieces  the  nations, 
And  with  thee  will  1  destroy  kingdoms  ;  ,  .  •      •, 

21  And  with  thee  will  I  break  in  pieces  the  horse  and  his  rider  ; 
And  with  thee  will  I  break  in  pieces  the  chariot  and  his  rider  ; 

22  With  thee  also  will  I  break  in  pieces  man  and  woman  ; 
5  So  2  ch.  36. 17.       And  with  thee  will  I  break  in  pieces 'old  and  young  ; 

And  with  thee  will  I  break  in  pieces  the  young  man  and  the  maid ; 

23  1  will  also  break  in  pieces  with  thee  the  shepherd  and  his  flock  ; 
And  with  thee  will  I  break  in  pieces  the  husbandman  and  his  yoke 

of  oxen  ; 
And  with  thee  will  I  break  in  pieces  captains  and  rulers. 


p  Job  9.  8. 
t  Or,  noisi 


*  Or,  is  more 
brutish  than  to 
know. 


t  Or,  in  thee,  or, 
by  thee. 


924 


JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  BABYLON.         [Period  VII. 


r  Ib.  13.  2.  Zee. 
4.7. 


J  Heb.  ecnrlast- 
itig  desolations. 


*  Or,  In  the  time 
that  he  thresheth 
her. 

t  Is.  17.  5,  &c. 
Ho.  6    II.  Joel 
3.  13.  Re.  14.  15, 
18. 

a  i.  c  my  people. 


t  Heb.  My  vio- 
lence. 

X  Or,  remainder. 
*  Hob.  inhabitress. 


^^  And  I  will  render  unto  Babylon 

And  to  all  the  inhabitants  of  Chaldea 

All  their  evil  that  they  have  done  in  Zion 

In  your  sight,  saith  the  Lord. 

^^  Behold,  I  am  against  thee,  'O  destroying  mountain,  sedth  the 
Lord, 

Which  destroyest  all  the  earth ; 

And  I  will  stretch  out  my  hand  upon  thee, 

And  roll  thee  down  from  the  rocks, 

And  'will  make  thee  a  burnt  mountain. 
^^  And  they  shall  not  take  of  thee  a  stone  for  a  corner, 

Nor  a  stone  for  foundations  ; 

But  thou  shalt  be  tdesolate  for  ever,  saith  the  Lord. 
-"^  Set  ye  up  a  standard  in  the  land, 

Blow  the  trumpet  among  the  nations, 

Prepare  the  nations  against  her, 

Call  together  against  her  the  kingdoms 

Of  Ararat,  Minni,  and  Ashchenaz  ; 

Appoint  a  captain  against  her  ; 

Cause  the  horses  to  come  up  as  the  rough  caterpillars. 
2®  Prepare  against  her  the  nations  with  the  kings  of  the  Medes, 

The  captains  thereof,  and  all  the  rulers  thereof, 

And  all  the  land  of  his  dominion. 
^^  And  the  land  shall  tremble  and  sorrow  ; 

For  every  purpose  of  the  Lord  shall  be  performed  against  Babylon, 

To  make  the  land  of  Babylon  a  desolation 

Without  an  inhabitant. 

^°  The  mighty  men  of  Babylon  have  forborne  to  fight, 

They  have  remained  in  their  holds : 

Their  might  hath  failed  ; 

They  became  as  women  : 

They  have  burned  her  dwelUng-places  ; 

Her  bars  are  broken. 
^^  One  post  shall  run  to  meet  another, 

And  one  messenger  to  meet  another. 

To  show  the  king  of  Babylon 

That  his  city  is  taken  at  one  end,  ■ 
^^  And  that  the  passages  are  stopped. 

And  the  reeds  they  have  burned  with  fire, 

And  the  men  of  war  are  aftrighted. 

^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 

The  daughter  of  Babylon  is  like  a  threshingfloor, 

*It  is  time  to  thresh  her  : 

Yet  a  little  while,  'and  the  time  of  her  harvest  shall  come. 
^*  Nebuchadrezzar  the  king  of  Babylon  hath  devoured  *me  ; 

He  hath  crusiied  me. 

He  hath  made  me  an  empty  vessel. 

He  hath  swallowed  me  up  like  a  dragon. 

He  hath  filled  his  belly  with  my  delicates. 

He  hath  cast  nic  out. 
^^  tThe  violence  done  to  me  and  to  my  tflesh  be  upon  Babylon, 

Shall  the  ^inhabitant  of  Zion  say; 

And  My  blood  upon  the  inhabitants  of  Chaldea, 

Shall  .Terusalem  say. 

^'^  Therefore  tlius  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Behold,  I  will  j)lead  thy  cause,  and  ta^e  vengeance  for  thee  ; 

And  I  will  dry  up  her  sea,  and  make  her  springs  dry. 


30. 

X  See  Is.  8.  7,  8 


/  Is.  46. 


p^p^,  I  -J  JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  BABYLON.  925 

„is.  13.22.  Ke.    37  ^nd  "Babylon  shall  become  heaps, 
^®-  ^-  A  dwelling-place  for  dragons, 

t,  je.  25. 9, 18.  An  "astonishment,  and  a  liissing, 

Without  an  inhabitant. 
38  They  shall  roar  together  like  lions : 
t  Or,  i-Aote  itot-        Tiicv  shall  tycU  as  lions'  whelps. 
*''""■  39  In  their  heat  I  will  make  their  feasts, 

And  I  will  make  them  drunken,  that  they  may  rejoice, 
And  sleep  a  perpetual  sleep,  and  not  wake,  saith  the  Lokd. 
''o  I  will  bring  them  down  like  lambs  to  the  slaughter, 
Like  rams  with  he-goats. 
41  How  is  Sheshach  taken ! 
a.  Is.  13.19.  Je.         ^^^^  j^^^  jg  '"ti^e  praisc  of  the  whole  earth  surprised  ! 
-■'^'        ■  How  is  Babylon  become  an  astonishment  among  the  nations ! 

42  The  "^sea  is  come  up  upon  Babylon : 
She  is  covered  with  the  multitude  of  the  waves  thereof. 

43  Her  cities  are  a  desolation, 
A  dry  land,  and  a  wilderness, 
A  land  wherein  no  man  dwelleth, 
Neither  doth  any  son  of  man  pass  thereby. 

44  And  a  will  punish  Bel  in  Babylon,  [lowed  up : 
And  I  will  bring  forth  out  of  his  mouth  that  which  he  hath  swal- 
And  the  nation?  shall  not  flow  together  any  more  unto  him  : 

Yea,  the  wall  of  Babylon  shall  fall, 
z  Re.  18. 4.  45  ^y  "pcoplc,  go  yc  out  of  the  midst  of  her  ! 

And  deliver  ye  every  man  his  soul 

From  the  fierce  anger  of  the  Lord  ! 
XOx^uinot.        46  And  tlest  your  heart  faint, 
a2  Ki.  19. 7.  And  ye  fear  "for  the  rumor  that  shall  be  heard  in  the  land  ; 

A  rumor  shall  both  come  one  year. 

And  after  that  in  another  year  shall  come  a  rumor, 

And  violence  in  the  land— ruler  against  ruler. 
47  Therefore,  behold,  the  days  come, 
*  Heb.m.it«pon.       That  I  will  *do  judgment  upon  the  graven  images  of  Babylon  ; 

And  her  whole  land  shall  be  confounded. 

And  all  her  slain  shall  fall  in  the  midst  of  her. 
Ms.  44. 23.  &  49.  48  Then  Hhc  hcavcu  and  the  earth,  and  all  that  is  therein,  shall  sing 

13.  Re.  18. 20.  ^  roll 

for  Babylon ;  ,        •  i    u    t 

For  the  spoilers  shall  come  unto  her  from  the  north,  saith  the  Lord. 
t  Or,  Bofft  Ba6j/-  49  fAs  Babylou  hath  caused  the  slain  of  Israel  to  fall, 
';:i^^^a^       So  at  Babylon  shall  fall  the  slain  of  all  tthe  earth. 
anMBaby-  ^^  ^g  that  havc  cscapcd  the  sword,  go  away, 

X  Or,  the  country.       Stand  uot  Still : 

Remember  the  Lord  afar  off. 
And  let  Jerusalem  come  into  your  mind. 
a  Spoken  i.y  the    51  a^g  ^rc  coufouudcd,  bccausc  We  havc  heard  reproach  : 
^xiiedJews.-         Shame  hath  covered  our  faces :  ^    ,     t        y    u 

For  strangers  are  come  into  the  sanctuaries  of  the  Lord  s  House. 

5-  Wherefore,  behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 
That  I  will  do  judgment  upon  her  graven  images ; 
And  through  all  her  land  the  wounded  shall  groan. 

53  Thou  oh  Babylon  should  mount  up  to  heaven, 

And  Though  she  should  fortify  the  height  of  her  strength, 
Yet  from  me  shall  spoilers  come  unto  her,  saith  the  Lord. 

54  A  sound  of  a  cry  cometh  from  Babylon, 

And  great  destruction  from  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans : 

55  Because  the  Lord  hath  spoiled  Babylon, 

3  z 


926 


THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM. 


[Period  VII. 


J  Or,  Theicalls 
of  broad  Baby- 
Un. 

*  Or,  madt  naked. 


i  Or,  on  the  be- 

kalfof. 

X  Or,  priTtee  (if 
Menucha,  or, 
chief  cJuimber- 
htin. 


*  Heb.  desola- 
tions. 
c  See  Re.  18.21. 


And  destroyed  out  of  her  the  great  voice ; 

When  her  waves  do  roar  hke  great  waters, 

A  noise  of  their  voice  is  uttered  : 
^  Because  the  spoiler  is  come  upon  her, 

Even  upon  Babylon, 

And  her  mighty  men  are  taken, 

Every  one  of  their  bows  is  broken: 

For  the  Lord  God  of  recompences  shall  surely  requite. 
^"^  And  I  will  make  drunk  her  princes,  and  her  wise  men, 

Her  captains,  and  her  rulers,  and  her  mighty  men  : 

And  they  shall  sleep  a  perpetual  sleep,  and  not  wake, 

Saith  the  King,  whose  name  is  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts ; 

tThe  broad  walls  of  Babylon  shall  be  utterly  *broken. 

And  her  high  gates  shall  be  burned  with  fire ; 

And  the  people  shall  labor  in  vain, 

And  the  folk  in  the  fire,  and  they  shall  be  weary. 

^^  The  word  which  Jeremiah  the  prophet  commanded  Seraiah  the 
son  of  Neriah,  the  son  of  Maaseiah,  when  he  went  H'ith  Zedekiah  the 
king  of  Judah  into  Babylon  in  the  fourth  year  of  his  reign.  And  this 
Seraiah  was  a  Jquiet  prince.  ^°  So  Jeremiah  wrote  in  a  book  all  the 
evil  that  should  come  upon  Babylon,  even  all  these  words  that  are 
written  against  Babylon,  ^i  And  Jeremiah  said  to  Seraiah,  "  When  thou 
comest  to  Babylon,  and  shalt  see,  and  shalt  read  all  these  words  ;  ^~  then 
shalt  thou  say,  O  Lord,  thou  hast  spoken  against  this  place,  to  cut  it 
off,  that  none  shall  remain  in  it,  neither  man  nor  beast,  but  that  it  shall 
be  *desolate  for  ever.  ^^  And  it  shall  be,  when  thou  hast  made  an  end 
of  reading  this  book,  'that  thou  shalt  bind  a  stone  to  it,  and  cast  it  into 
the  midst  of  Euphrates.  ^''^And  thou  shalt  say.  Thus  shall  Babylon 
sink,  and  shall  not  rise  from  the  evil  that  I  will  bring  upon  her ;  and 
they  shall  be  weary."     Thus  far  are  the  words  of  Jeremiah. 


a  2  Ki.  24.  18.  Je. 
52.  ],6lc. 


b  Je.  52.  3.  Ez. 

17.  15,  18. 
«2Ki.  17.  14. 


dJe.  2.S.  3,  4,  & 

35.  15.  ,t  44.  4. 
*  Heb.  by  the 

Itand  of  his  mrj- 

setf/ers. 
t  That  is,  eoniin- 

unllii  and  care- 

fuUii. 

e  Je.  5.  12,  13. 
/Pr.  1.25,30. 
o-  Je.  32.  3.  &  38. 

6.  Mat.  23.  34. 
J  Heb.  healin;;. 
A  Do.  28.  49. 

2  Ki.  'J5.  1,  &:c. 

Ezra  9.  7. 
iSKi.  25.  13,&c. 


j  2  Ki.  25.  9. 


Section   X. — General  Introduction  to  the  Narrative  of  the  Destruction  of 

the  Temple  and  Jerusalem. 

2  Chro.n.  xxxvi.  11-21. 

^^  Zedekiah  "was  one  and  twenty  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign, 
and  reigned  eleven  years  in  Jerusalem.  ^^And  he  did  that  tvhich  was 
evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  his  God,  and  humbled  not  himself  before 
Jeremiah  the  prophet  speaking  from  the  mouth  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  he 
also  Rebelled  against  king  Nebuchadnezzar,  who  had  made  him  swear 
by  God  :  but  he  "stiffened  his  neck,  and  hardened  his  heart  from  turn- 
ing unto  the  Lord  God  of  Israel. 

^ '  Moreover  all  the  chief  of  tiic  priests,  and  the  people,  transgressed 
very  much  after  all  the  abominations  of  the  heathen  ;  and  polluted  the 
house  of  the  Lord  which  he  had  hallowed  in  Jerusalem.  ^^  And  ''the 
Lord  God  of  their  fathers  sent  to  them  *by  his  messengers,  (rising  up 
tbetiines,  and  sending:)  because  he  had  compassion  on  his  people,  and 
on  his  dwelling-place.  ^^  But  'they  mocked  the  messengers  of  God, 
and  ^despised  his  words,  and  ""misused  his  prophets,  until  the  wrath  of 
the  Lord  arose  against  his  people,  till  there  was  no  trcmedy.  ^^  There- 
fore 'he  brought  upon  them  the  king  of  the  Chaldees,  who  slew  their 
young  men  with  the  sword  in  the  house  of  their  sanctuary,  and  had 
no  compassion  upon  young  man  or  maiden,  old  man,  or  him  that 
stooped  forage  :  he  gave  them  all  into  his  hand.  >^  And  'all  the  vessels 
of  the  house  of  God,  great  and  small,  and  the  treasures  of  the  house 
of  the  Lord,  and  the  treasures  of  the  king,  and  of  his  princes  ;  all 
these  he  brought  to  Babylon.  ^^And^they  burnt  the  house  of  God, 


Part  I.]  JEREMIAH  FORETELLS  THE  CAPTURE  OF  ZEDEKIAH.     9^7 

and  brake   down  the   wall  of  Jerusalem,  and  burnt  all  the  palaces 
Heb......  ,    ti",reof  with  fire,  and  destroyed  all  the  goodly  vessels  thereof^  -«  And 

"""""'■""'"  nhem  that  had  escaped  fronr  the  sword  earned  he  away  to  Babylon  ; 

^where  U^ey  were  servants  to  hin.  and  his  sons  untd    he  reign  of  the 

^-  kTulc  on   of  Persia :  ^^  to  fulfil  the  word  of  the  Loan  by  the  mouth  of 

"•  i^ei^nrh   until  the  land  '"had  enjoyed  her  Sabbaths;  for  as  long  as 

^^'   she  lay  desolate  she  kept  Sabbath,  to  fulfil  threescore  and  ten  years. 


niaiiiiler  from  the 
sword.  -2  Ki.  25 

feJe.27.7. 

JJe.  25.9,  n,  12. 

&  2(3.  I),  7 

10. 
m  Le.  20.  34,  35 

43.  Da.  9.  2 


7Z7  Section  Xl.-Approach  of  the  Chaldean  Army  ;-Capture  of  Zedekiah  and 
SEC'T^xi.      ^^''^'''\f\.i,J,l,t,id  hi  Jeremiah  ;-The  Hebrew  Slaves  released. 

.       „  ..  ..j„j.-«.^i    9_Jer.  xxxvii.  1-4,  xxxiv.  1-10.— 2  Kings 


M.   3414. 
.  C.  590. 


Jfr   xxxix.  1.— 2  Kings  xxv.  end  of  ver.  1,  2.— Jer.  xxx 
JER.  xxxix.  ^^^    heginning  oj  ver.  1. 


.2Ki  15. 1-4.         1  In  "the  ninth  year  of  Zedekiah  king  of  Judah,  in  the  tenth  month, 
""-^-        came  NebuehadreLar  king  of  Babylon  and  all  his  army  against  Jerusa- 
lem, and  they  besieged  it ;  ^  and  they  built  forts  against  it    2  Kings  xxv 
round  about.  ^  And  the  city  was  besieged  unto  the  eleventh    /-'  "/  l> 
year  of  king  Zedekiah.  ,    .  ,       •        i  •     ♦      1      t 

,  2  Ki.  24. 17.      ^  1  And  king  'Zedekiah  the  son  of  Josiah  reigned  instead     Jer.  xxxvu. 
of  Coniah  the  son  of  Jehoiakim   whom  ^;^"?t?Z  ^neither  he 

. Heb. ^...e        words  of  the  Lord,  which  he  spake    by    ^^P'^^^et  Jeremiah 

w  „/t/.e  3  And  Zedekiah  the  king  sent  Jehucal  the  son  ot  Shelemian  ar^a 

^"^^^'-  Zeptlmal   t':  son  of  Maaseiah  the  priest  to  the  P-P^-Uereim^^^^^ 

<,avino-   "Pray  now  unto  the  Lord  our  God  for  us.        ^ow  Jeremiaii 

;r?in  an  Jw^nt  out  among  the  people ;  for  they  had  not  put  him 

'"^Vhe  w";rd  which  came  unto  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,      J-^_-xiv. 
when  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon,  and  all  his  army  _ 

t He.. ....       and  all  the  kingdoms  of  the  earth  lof  his  dominion  a^id  al  the  Pe^p^^' 

it  with  fire/^And  thou  shalt  not  escape  out  "f  h,s  hand  bu    s  a 

t    orTthee   -so  shairthey  bur'n  odors  fof  ^^'^^ -'-f'^l.-'^J^Z 
thee,  saying,  Ah,  lord !    for  I  have  pronounced  the  word,  saith  the 

Lord." 


d  See  2  Ch.  16 
14.  &  21.  19. 
e  Da.  2. 46. 
/See  Je.  22.  13.     tllCC,   Say 


which  took   place    at   Jerusalem   between  the  ap-  ^^nSment      Both    these    chapters  announce   the 

proach   of  the   Chaldean   army,   and    the  eventual  P^^'^^^'^f^he  ^itv    and  the  captivity  of  Zedekiah : 

Lpture  of  the  city,  I  have  been  prmopally  guided  bu  "  ng  o   the  c  tJ              ^^^^p^^^^  prediction   was 

by  the  accurate  and  learned  Pndeaux^     The  con-  but,^in^er^  xx^^  eommencoment  of  the  siege    by 

tents  of  Jer.  xxxix.  ver.   1,  sufticiently  show     hat  f^'*!".    -^iration,  without  any  application  from 

this  verse  may  be  rightly  placed  first,  as  introduc-  "'"^'^^^^^^^                                                      engaged 

tory  to  the  whok  amount.     As  Jerenuah  wa     put  he  king^  w^ule^i^^  ^^^^  ^.^.^^  ^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^      ^ 

into  prison  the  first  tune,  chap,  xxxvu   4    while      e  ^i"-.'       «  Jj^^^  Jerusalem.    The  latter  prediction, 

Chaldeans  were  besieging  the  ^ty,    hat  is,  at  the  ^aps just reaci             ^^^^^          ^as  spoken  in  reply 

beginning  of  the  tenth  year,  and  be  ore  the  army  ^^ap"  ^^^'j   °"ft.,,„,  the  king,  sent  by  Pashur  and 

of  Pharaoh  Hophra  came  from  Egypt,  it  is  eviden  to  tte  mes.age^^^^  ^     i.nprisonment :  and  in  it  Jere- 

Blayney,  and  other  commentators,  differ  from  Pn- 


928  IMPRISONilENT  OF  JEREMIAH.  [Period  VII. 

^Then  Jeremiah  the  piopliet  spake  all  these  words  unto  Zedekiah 

king  of  Judah  in  Jerusalem,  "  when  the  king  of  Babylon's  army  fought 

against  Jerusalem,  and  against  all  the  cities  of  Judah  that  were  left, 

ff  I Ki.^18.^13.  &  against  Lachish,  and  against  Azekah  ;  for  "'these  defenced  cities  re- 

5,9."  mained  of  the  cities  of"^^  Judah. 

^This  is  the  word   that  came   unto  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  after 

that  the  king  Zedekiah  had  made  a  covenant  with  all  the  people  which 

AEx.  21. 2.  Lo.     were  at  Jerusalem,  to  [)roclaim  'liberty  unto  them  ;  ''that  'every  man 

iNeh.5. 11.        should   let   his  manservant,  and  every  man   his  maidservant,  being  a 

jhe.25.  3»-46.     Hebrew  or  a  Hebrewess,  go  free  ;  ^that  none  should  serve   himself  of 

them,  to  wit,  of  a  Jew  his  brother.   ^°  Now^  when  all  the  princes,  and 

all  the  people,  which  had  entered  into  the  covenant,  heard  that  every 

one  should   let   his   manservant,  and  every  one  his  maidservant,  go 

free,  that  none  should  serve  themselves  of  them  any  more,  then  they 

obeyed,  and  let  them  go. 

2  Kings  xxv.  beginning  of  ver.  1. — And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  ninth  j'ear  of  his  reign, 
in  the  tenth  month,  in  the  tenth  day  of  the  month,  that  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon 
came,  he,  and  all  his  host,  against  Jerusalem,  and  pitched  against  it ; — 


SECT.  XII.      Section  XII. — Imprisonment  of  Jeremiah; — He  foretells  the  Restoration  of 

the  Jetos. 

\  ^c  589^  Jeremiah  xxxii.  and  xxxiii.(») 

Jeremiah,  being  imprisoned  by  Zedekiah  for  his  propliecy,  6  hmjeth  Honameel's  field.     13  Baruch 

must  preserve  the  evidences,  as  tokens  of  the  people's  return.  IG  Jeremiah  in  his  prayer  comploin- 
eth  to  God.  2G  God  confrmcth  the  captivity  for  their  sins,  36  and  promiseth  a  gracious  return. 
—  Chap,  xxxiii.  9  ajoiful  state,  12  a  sellled  government,  15  Christ  the  Branch  of  Righteousness, 
17  a  continuance  of  kingdom  and  priesthood,  20  and  a  stability  of  a  blessed  seed. 

"je.^a'g.^' ^' "'  ^  The  word  that  came  to  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord  "in  the  It  nth 
year  of  Zedekiah  king  of  Judah,  which  was  the  eighteenth  year  of 
Nebuchadrezzar.  ^  For  then  the  king  of  Babylon's  army  besieged  Jeru- 
salem ;  and  Jeremiah  the  prophet  was  shut  up  in  the  court  of  the  prison, 
which  was  in  the  king  of  Judah's  house.  ^  For  Zedekiah  king  of  Judah 
had  shut  him  up,  saying,  "  Wherefore  dost  thou  prophesy,  and  say, 
Thus  saith  the  Lord,  '  Behold,  I  will  give  this  city  into  the  hand  of 
the  king  of  Babylon,  and  he  shall  take  it ;  '^  and  Zedekiah  king  of 
Judah  shall  not  escape  out  of  the  hand  of  the  Chaldeans,  but  shall 

(")  After  the  Jews  discovered  that  all  their  cities  "  that  shall  bring  the  sacrifice  of  praise,"  and  "  shall 

were  taken  but  Lachish  and  Azekah,  terrified  at  be  a  habitation  of  sliopherds  causing  tiieir  flocks 

these  losses,  and    appreliensive  of  the  siege    then  to   lie  down."     He    promises  them  a  kingdom  in 

ready  to  be  laid  to  Jerusalem,  they  made  a  show  of  which  a  branch  of  the  house  of  David  shall  rule  in 

returning  to  God,  and  of  observing  his  laws,  (see  righteousness;    and    declares    his    covenant   with 

ver.  !).)     They  enter  into  a  solemn  covenant  with  David,  and  the  priesthood  of  the  sons  of  Levi,  to 

God,  and  immediately  issue  a  proclamation  "  that  be    as  lasting  as  the  covenant  of  day  and  night ; 

every    man  should  let  his  manservant  and  every  and,  to  remove   the  reproach  cast   on   Israel   and 

man    his  maidservant,  being  a  Hebrew,  or  a  He-  Judah,  God  renews  his  protestations  of  infallibly 

brewess,  go  free,"    Deut.  xv.  12.     This  covenant,  restoring  the  seed  of  J.acob,  and  of  appointing  the 

however,  was  broken  as  soon  as  the  Jews  consid-  seed  of  David  to  rule  over  them  for  ever, 

ered  themselves  relieved  from  danger  by  the  Chal-  From  tlie  Babylonish  captivity  to  the  coming  of 

dean  army  retiring  from  Jerusalem.  Christ,  David  was  without  a  successor  of  his  family 

('*•)  The  place  and  date  of  these  chapters  are  as-  sitting  upon  the  throne  of  Judah  or  Israel.  And 
siirned  in  chap,  xxxii.  ver  2.  By  purchasing  the  from  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  to  the  present 
field  at  Anathoth,  on  the  prospect  "of  not  being  able,  time,  the  Jews  have  had  neither  a  king  nor  a  regular 
under  the  present  circumstances  of  the  city,  to  take  priesthood.  It  is  evident,  therefore,  the  time  is  not 
possession  of  tlie  land,  Jeremiah  confirmed  to  the  yet  arrived  for  the  actual  accomplisliment  of  this 
people  his  own  firm  belief  in  the  truth  of  all  tlie  prophecy;  it  remains  to  be  fullilled  in  those  days 
predictions  whicli  he  had  been  commanded  of  God  when  Israel  and  Judah  shall  be  restored  under 
to  utter  to  his  brethren.  This  purchase  prefigured,  Ciirist.  thkik  Rightf.ousnkss.  Admitting  this, 
that  although  Judah  and  Jerusalem  should  be  laid  and  that  all  the  families  of  Israel  shall  again  be  re- 
waste,  and  the  inhabitants  led  into  captivity,  yet  a  established  in  their  own  possessions,  what  improba- 
day  would  come  when  there  should  be  a  general  bility  is  there,  that  tiie  two  families  of  David  and 
restoration,  the  land  flourish  again,  possessions  Levi,  may  actually  revert  also  to  the  ancient  privi- 
bought  and  sold,  as  in  former  times,  and  the  lands  leges,  subject  only  to  the  supreme  authority  of  the 
enjoyed  by  their  riglitful  owners,  ver.  3G,  to  the  Messiah,  and  continue  to  enjoy  them,  as  is  here  ex- 
end.  In  chap,  xxxiii.  God  reveals  his  gracious  pressly  declared,  in  interrupted  succession,  to  tlie 
purpose  of  healing  the  wounds  of  Jerusalem.  He  end  of  the  world.— Blayney,  notes  on  Jeremiah,  p. 
foretells  the  land,  whose  desolation  they  now  de-  222. — Prideaux's  Connection. 
plore,  shall  be  filled  again  with  the  voice   of  them 


Part  I.]  IMPRISONMENT  OF  JEREMIAH.  929 

surely  be  delivered  into  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Babylon,  and  shall 
speak  with  him  mouth  to  mouth,  and  his  eyes  shall  behold  his  eyes  ; 
^and  he  shall  lead  Zedekiah  to  Babylon,  and  there  shall  he  be  until  I 
visit  him,  saith  the  Lord  :  though  ye  fight  with  the  Chaldeans,  ye  shall 
not  prosper.'  " 

^  And  Jeremiah  said,  "  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, 
"^  Behold,  Hanameel  the  son  of  Shallum  thine  uncle  shall  come  unto 
''^•i^;^^'^'  thee,  saying,  Buy  thee  my  field  that  is  in  Anathoth :  for  ''the  right  of 
redemption  is  thine  to  buy  it.  ^  So  Hanameel  mine  uncle's  son  came 
to  me  in  the  court  of  the  prison  according  to  the  word  of  the  Lord, 
and  said  unto  me,  '  Buy  my  field,  I  pray  thee,  tb.at  is  in  Anathoth, 
which  is  in  the  country  of  Benjamin  ;  for  the  right  of  inheritance  is 
thine,  and  the  redemption  is  thine  ;  buy  it  for  thyself.'  Then  I  knew 
that  this  was  the  word  of  the  Lord.  ■'  And  I  bought  the  field  of  Han- 
"^^"•^f-'^^-'^'"'-  ameel  mine  uncle's  son,  that  was  in  Anathoth,  and  'weighed  him  the 
*  Or,  seven  shck-  moucy,  cvcH  *seventeen  shekels  of  silver.  ^^  And  I  f subscribed  the 
IfJih'er"'^"'"^  evidence,  and  sealed  it,  and  took  witnesses,  and  weighed  him  the 
\  ueh.  icTote  in  mouey  in  the  balances.  ^^  So  I  took  the  evidence  of  the  purchase,  both 
that  which  was  sealed  according  to  the  law  and  custom,  and  that  which 
was  open.  ^'^  And  I  gave  the  evidence  of  the  purchase  unto  Baruch  the 
son  of  Neriah,  the  son  of  Maaseiah,  in  the  sight  of  Hanameel  mine 
uncle's  son,  and  in  the  presence  of  the  vAitnesses  that  subscribed  the 
book  of  the  purchase,  before  all  the  Jews  that  sat  in  the  court  of  the 
prison.  ^^  And  I  charged  Baruch  before  them,  saying,  ^^'Thus  saith 
the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ;  Take  these  evidences,  this  evi- 
dence of  the  purchase,  both  which  is  sealed,  and  this  evidence  w^hich 
is  open  ;  and  put  them  in  an  earthen  vessel,  that  they  may  continue 
many  days.  ^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 
Houses  and  fields  and  vineyards  shall  be  possessed  again  in  this  land.' 
^^  Now  when  I  had  delivered  the  evidence  of  the  purcliase  unto 
Baruch  the  son  of  Neriah,  I  prayed  unto  the  Lord,  saying,  ^^'Ah 
Lord  God  !  behold,  "thou  hast  made  the  heaven  and  the  earth  by  thy 
great  power  and  stretched-out  arm,  and  'there  is  nothing  Itoo  hard 
for  thee.  ^^  Thou  showest  •'loving-kindness   unto  thousands,  and   rec- 


ti See  Ge.  1.  1. 

e  See  Ge.  18.  14. 


dren  after  them  :   the  Great,  the  Mighty  God,  the  Lord  of  hosts,  is 
*  ^'^^-  *'"'=•       his  name,  ^'•*  (great  in  counsel,  and  mighty  in  *work  :  for  thine  ^eyes  are 

g- See  Job  14.  16.  >?  ^,  ^      ,  r  i  • 

Ps. 33. 13.  open  upon  all  the  ways  oi  the  sons  oi  men,   to  give  everyone  accord- 

A  Sec  Job  34. 11.   Jng  to  his  ways,  and  according  to   the  fruit  of  his  doings;)  ^^  which 

hast  set  signs  and  wonders  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  even  unto  this  day, 

'n'''oi'i\''(;3*io"  ^^^^  ^"  Israel,  and  among  other  men  ;  and  hast  made  thee  'a  name,  as 

Da.  9.  15.      "  at  this  day  ;  ^^  and  ^hast  brought  forth  thy  j^eople  Israel  out  of  the  land 

■^T^abl^'i'ch.'n'    o^  Egypt  "'ith  signs,  and  with  wonders,  and  with  a  strong  hand,  and 

2L  Ps.  i3ti.  u,    with  a  stretched-out  arm,  and  with  great  terror  ;  ~-  and  hast  given  them 

iSeeE.v.3.s,i7.  this  land,  which  tliou  didst  swear  to  their  fathers  to  give  them,  ''n  land 

flowing  with  milk  and  honey;  ^•^and  they  came  in.  and  possessed  it; 

's'w-u^'''^'''    ^^^  'they  obeyed  not  thy  voice,  neither  walked  in  thy  low  ;  they  have 

dor.e  nothing  of  all  that  thou    commandedst  them   to  do :   therefore 

^^wt.ll'd3  f    t^^°"  ^^^*  caused  all  this  evil  to  come  upon  them.  ^"^  Behold  the  tmounts  ! 

h. <•. tbe nioumis  thcv  are  come  unto  the  city  to  take  it;  and  the  city  is  given  into  the 

buill  by  the  be-       ,-,,.,         ^^,      ,   ,  i  n     j  •  •        ■  /•     r 

sii;gers.]-£^.     hand  OI  the  Chaldeans,  that  fight  against  it,  because  of  the  sword,  and 

of  the  famine,  and  of  the  pestilence.  And  what  thou  hast  spoken  is 

come  to  pass;  and,  behold,  thou   seest  it!  25And  thou  hast  said  unto 

me,  O  Lord  God,  '  Buy  thee  the  field  for  money,  and  take  witnesses ; 

tor,  though.       ifo^  tj^g  ^,j^y  ig  gj^.gj,  jj^jQ  ^j^g  i^.^^^  ^^  ^l^g   Chaldeans.'  ^^  Then  came 

the  word  of  the  Lord   unto  Jeremiah,   saying,  ~^  Behold,  I  am  the 
VOL.  I.  117  3z* 


13. 

I  Je.  19.  13. 


930  JEREMIAH  FORETELLS  [Period  Vlf. 

Lord,  the  God  of  all  flesh — is  there  any  thing  too  hard  for  me? 
2^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  Behold,  I  will  give  this  city  inta 
the  hand  of  the  Chaldeans,  and  into  the  hand  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king 
of  Babylon,  and  he   shall   take  it.  ^^  And   the  Chaldeans,   that   fight 

"av.^sfibl&K.  a?''i'"st  this  city,  shall  come  and  ""set  fire  on  this  city,  and  burn  it 
with  the  houses,  "upon  whose  roofs  they  have  oflered  incense  unto 
Baal,  and  poured  out  drink  oflerings  unto  other  gods,  to  provoke  me 
to  anger.  •''^For  the  children  of  Israel  and  the  children  of  Judah  have 
only  done  evil  before  me  from  their  youth  ;  for  the  children  of  Israel 
have  only  provoked  me  to  anger  with  the  work  of  their   hands,  saith 

*^,l^rf'"'"''  the  Lord.  '^^  For  this  city  j)ath  been  to  me  as  *a  provocation  of  mine 
anger  and  of  my  fury  from  the  day  that  they  built  it  even  unto  this 
day  ;  tiiat  I  should  remove  it  from  before  my  face,  ^'^  because  of  all  the 
evil  of  the  children  of  Israel  and  of  the  children  of  Judah,  which  they 

ojs^i.4,6.  Da.  j^g^^g  Jqj^p  ^q  provoke  me  to  anger,  "they,  their  kings,  their  princes, 
their  priests,  and  their  prophets,  and  the  men  of  Judah,  and  the  in- 

fiieb.  7>ec4.  habitants  of  Jerusalem.  ^^  And  they  have  turned  unto  me  the  tback, 
and  not  the  face  :  though  I  taught  them,  (rising  up  early  and  teaching 
them.)  yet  they  have  not  hearkened  to  receive  instruction.  -^^  But  they 
set  their  abominations  in  the  house,  which  is  called  by  my  name,  to 
defile  it.  ^^And  they  built  the  high  places  of  Baal,  which  are  in  the 
Valley  of  the  Son  of  Hinnom,  to  cause  their  sons  and  their  daughters 

^iKt.^ii^k.  ^^  P'^^^  through  the  fire  unto  ^'Molech  ;  which  I  commanded  them  not, 
neither  came  it  into  my  mind,  that  they  should  do  this  abomination,  to 
cause  Judah  to  sin.  ^"  And  now  therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord,  the 
God  of  Israel,  concerning  this  city,  whereof  ye  say,  '  It  shall  be  de- 
livered into  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Babylon,  by  the  sword,  and  by 
the  famine,  and  by  the  pestilence  ;  '  ^"^  Behold,  ''I  will  gather  them  out 
of  all  countries,  whither  I  have  driven  them  in  m.ine  anger,  and  in  my 
fury,  and  in  great  wrath  ;  and  I  will  bring  them  again  unto  this  place, 
and  I  will  cause  them  to  dwell  safely.  ^*  And  they  shall  be  my  peo- 
ple, and  I  will  be  their  God.  ^'  And  I  will  "^give  them  one  heart,  and 
one  way,  that  they  may  fear  me  tfor  ever,  for  the  good  of  them,  and 
of  their  children  after  them.  '^^  And  ^I  will  make  an  everlasting  cove- 
nant with  them,  that  I  will  not  turn  away  *from  them,  to  do  them 
good  ;  but  'I  will  put  my  fear  in  their  hearts,  that  they  shall  not  de- 
part from  me.  '^^  Yea,  "I  will  rejoice  over  them  to  do  them  good,  and 
"I  will  plant  them  in  this  land  tassuredly  with  my  whole  heart  and 
with  my  whole  soul.  ^~  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  Like  as  I  have 
brought  all  this  great  evil  upon  this  people,  so  will  I  bring  upon  them 
all  the  good  that  I  have  promised  them.  '^^  And  fields  shall  be  bought 
in  this  land,  whereof  j^e  say,  '  It  is  desolate  without  man  or  beast ;  it 
is  given  into  the  hand  of  the  Chaldeans.'  '*'*Men  shall  buy  fields  for 
money,  and  subscribe  evidences,  and  seal  them,  and  take  witnesses  in 
the  land  of  Benjamin,  and  in  the  places  about  Jerusalem,  and  in  the 
cities  of  Judah,  and  in  t!ic  cities  of  the  mountains,  and  in  tiie  cities 
of  the  Valley,  and  in  the  cities  of  the  South  :  for  I  will  cause  their 
captivity  to  return,"  saith  the  Lord. 

'  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Jeremiah  Jerf.miau  xxxiii. 
the  second  time,  while  he  was  yet  shut  up  in  the  court  of 
the  prison,  saying, — 

2  Thus  saith  the  Lord  the  Maker  thereof, 
Tlie  Lord  that  formed  it,  to  establish  it, 

^E.'.-'li'':^^"-       ^^^''6  T-ORD  is  his  name  ; 

tr%d'9i^i5"         ^  ^'^"  '  ""^"  '^''''  ^"^  ^  ^^'*'^  answer  thee, 
•oriftLlS.  ig.         ^"'1  ^''ow  thee  great  and  *mighty  things, 
^■'^-  Which  thou  knowest  not. 


J  ne.  30.  3.  Je. 
23.  3.  &.  20.  14. 
&  31.  10. 
£2.37.21. 

rEz.  H.  19,20. 

X  Heb.  all  days. 
s  Is.  55.  3. 

*Heb./r<.m  after 
them. 

tJe.31.33. 

u  De.  30.  9.  Zcp. 
3.  17. 

e  Je.  24.  6.&.31. 
28.  Am.  9.  la. 

t  Heb.  in  truth, 
or,  stability. 

PartI]  the  restoration  of  the  jews.  931 

^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord,  the  God  of  Israel, 
Concerning  the  houses  of  this  city, 
And  concerning  the  houses  of  the  kings  of  Judah, 
Which  are  thrown  down  by  the  mounts,  and  by  the  sword ; 

^  They  come  to  fight  with  the  Chaldeans, 
But  it  is  to  fill  them  with  the  dead  bodies  of  men, 
Whom  I  have  slain  in  mine  anger  and  in  my  fury, 
And  for  all  whose  wickedness 
I  have  hid  my  face  from  this  city. 

^  Behold,  I  will  bring  it  health  and  cure,  and  I  will  cure  them, 
And  will  reveal  unto  them  the  abundance  of  peace  and  truth. 

'''  And  I  will  cause  the  captivity  of  Judah 
And  the  captivity  of  Israel  to  return, 

I  Is.  1.26.  ^j^^J  ^yilj  |j^j-J^  ^fjgjj-,^   -j^g  ^^  tl^g  fjj.gt_ 

^3.^i.^He.\^r3,'    ^  ^"d  I  ^^i^'  ^cleanse  them  from  all  their  iniquity, 
14-  Whereby  they  have  sinned  against  me ; 

iMio.7. 18.  ^jj(j  J  ^i]i  -'pardon  all  their  iniquities. 

Whereby  they  have  sinned. 

And  whereby  they  have  transgressed  against  me. 
^  And  it  shall  be  to  me  a  name  of  joy, 
A  praise  and  an  honor  before  all  the  nations  of  the  earth,  ^ 

Which  shall  iiear  all  the  good  that  I  do  unto  them  : 
And  they  shall  fear  and  tremble  for  all  the  goodness 
And  for  all  the  prosperity  that  I  procure  unto  it. 

1"  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Again  there  shall  be  heard  in  this  place. 

Which  ye  say  shall  be  desolate  without  man  and  without  beast, 
Even  in  the  cities  of  Judah,  and  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem, 
That  are  desolate,  without  man. 
And  without  inhabitant,  and  without  beast, 

«  Re.  18.23.        u  ^^i^q  "voice  of  joy,  and  the  voice  of  gladness, 

The  voice  of  the  bridegroom,  and  the  voice  of  the  bride, 

V^'\^'';|'p1;       The  voice  of  them  that  shall  say,  'Praise  the  Lord  of  hosts ! 

2Ch.5.  13.  &.7.  .  •" 

3.  Ezra  3.  11.  t  OV  thC   LoRD   IS  gOOd, 

Ps.  136.  1.  Is.  -n        ,  •  ^         li     r 

12.4.  ror  his  mercy  endureth  tor  ever  ; 

^n?•^^'■vTfi         And  of  them  that  shall  bring  'the  sacrifice  of  praise  into  the  house 

107.  22.  &  116.  f     I        T 

17.  ot  the  Lord. 

For  I  will  cause  to  return  the  captivity  of  the  land, 

As  at  the  first,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 

Again  ''in  this  place,  which  is  desolate 

Without  man  and  without  beast. 

And  in  all  the  cities  tliereof, 

Shall  be  a  habitation  of  shepherds 

Causing  their  flocks  to  lie  down. 
^^  In  the  cities  of  the  mountains,  in  the  cities  of  the  vale, 

And  in  the  cities  of  the  South,  and  in  the  land  of  Benjamin, 

And  in  the  places  about  Jerusalem,  and  in  the  cities  of  Judah, 

Shall  the  flocks  'pass  again 

Under  the  hands  of  hiin  that  telleth  them,  saith  the  Lord. 
'^  Behold,  the  days  come,  saith  the  Lord, 

That  I  will  perform  that  good  thing  which  I  have  promised 

Unto  the  house  of  Israel  and  to  the  house  of  Judah. 
^^  In  those  days,  and  at  that  time, 
/Is.  4^2^&n.i.       Will  I  cause  the  ^Branch  of  Righteousness  to  grow  up  unto  David  ; 

And  he  shall  execute  judgment  and  righteousness  in  the  land. 

In  those  days  shall  Judah  be  saved, 


d  Is.  do.  10.  Je 
50.  19. 


Je.  23.  5. 


932       THE  CHALDEANS  MARCH  AGAINST  THE  KING  OF  EGYPT.     [Period  VIL 

And  Jerusalem  shall  dwell  safely  : 
And  this  is  the  name  wherewith  she  shall  be  called, 
\slienu.''""^         tThe  Lord  our  Righteousness. 

^"^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
iW/ Mi/ATcut         IDavid  shall  never  "want  a  man 
"isTi^iT"''        '^^  ^^^  "P°"  ^'^^  throne  of  the  house  of  Israel ; 
°i  Ki."2.'4.  pg.      ^^  Neither  shall  the  jDriests  the  Levites  want  a  man  before  me 
hie^b.'   "'         To  ''offer  burnt  offerings,  and  to  kindle  meat  offerings, 
ARo.  12. 1.&.15.       And  to  do  sacrifice  continually. 

lie.  1.6.  ■'''  ■  "^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Jeremiah,  saying, — 

-■^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

If  ye  can  break  my  covenant  of  the  day, 
And  my  covenant  of  the  night, 

And  that  there  should  not  be  day  and  night  in  their  season  ; 
^^  Then  may  also  my  covenant  be  broken  with  David  my  servant, 
That  he  should  not  have  a  son  to  reign  upon  his  throne  ; 
And  with  the  Levites  the  priests,  my  ministers. 
iSeeGe.12.2.     22  ^g  i^j^g  jj^gj  ^f  heavcu  caunot  be  numbered, 
Neither  the  sand  of  the  sea  measured  ; 
So  will  I  multiply  the  seed  of  David  my  servant. 
And  the  Levites  that  minister  unto  me. 

^^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Jeremiah,  saying, 
2**  Considerest  thou  not  what  this  people  have  spoken,  saying, 
"  The  two  families  which  tlie  Lord  hath  chosen, 
He  hath  even  cast  them  off?  " 
Thus  they  have  despised  my  people, 
That  they  should  be  no  more  a  nation  before  them. 
2^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

If  ^my  covenant  be  not  with  day  and  night, 
And  if  I  have  not  appointed  the  ordinances  of  heaven  and  earth ; 
^^  Then  will  I  cast  away  the  seed  of  Jacob,  and  David  my  servant, 
So  that  I  will  not  take  any  of  his  seed  to  be  rulers 
c Ezra 2.1.  Ovcr  the  seed  of  Abraham.  Isaac,  and  Jacob: 

For  '^I  will  cause  their  captivity  to  return,  and  have  mercy  on  them. 

SECT.  xni. 


;•  Ge.  8.  22. 


A.  M.  3415. 
B.  C.  589. 


Section  XIII. —  The  C/inhkans   raise  the  Siege  of  Jerusalem,  and  march 
against  Pharaoh  Hophra,  King  of  Egypt. 
Jeremiah  xxxvii.  5. 

"T^Ez^n'js*'  ^Thkn  "Pharaoh's  army  was  come  forth  out  of  Egypt;  and  when 

'  the  Chaldeans   that  besieged  Jerusalem   heard  tidings  of  them,  they 

departed  from  Jerusalem. 


SECT.   XIV. 

A.  M.  .3415.     Sec 
B.  c. 


TiON  XIV. — Jeremiah  foretells  the  Dcstrvrtion  of  the  Philistines  and  the 

Egyptians. 

a  Ez.  25.  15,  IG,  JkrejMIah  xlvii.  and  xxxvii.  ti-10. 

J  Am.  1.  e'-s!  '  TuF.  word  of  the  Lord  that  came  to  Jeremiah  the  prophet  "against 

*  Hci,.  Ai:ah.       the  Philistincs,  'before  that  Pharaoh  smote  *Gaza.'"' 

(■')  As  no  history,  cither  sacred  or  profane,  has  related  concerning  it  in   the  Old  Testament  prove 

mentioned    the  capture  of    Gaza  by  tlie  king  of  the    great  importance  attached  to   it,  both  by  the 

J^gypt,  tliere  18  no  means  of  ascertaining   the  pre-  fsraelites    and    the    surrounding    nations.     It  was 

cise  (late  ol  the  dehvery  of  tliis  prophecy.     Ligiit-  given  to  Judah.  in  the  division   of  the   country  by 

loot  lias  placed  It  in  this  ninth  year  of  Zedekiah,  Joshua;  and  it  was  one  of  the  five  principalities  of 

on  the  supposition  that  Gaza  was  taken   by  Pha-  the  Philistines  towards  the  southern  extremity  of 

ra.)H  8  army  soon  after   this  time.     In  the'fourth  Canaan.     It  was  frequently  taken  and  retaken  by 

verseUielhilistinesai^  called  the  remnant  of  the  the  Philistines  and    Hebrews;  and,    after    having 

country  ot  Lxaphtor.      1  his  expression  perhaps  will  been   lost  by  Ahaz,  it  was  finally   conquered   by 

serve  as  a  clue  to  the  right  understanding  of  the  Ilezekiah,  (2  Kings  xviii.  8.)                                         ^ 

his  ory.     On  consulting  the   map  of  Palestine,  we  These   contests    for  the  possession  of  Gaza  are 

tind  that  txaza  was  a  city  of  the  tribe  of  Judah,  and  supposed,  by  Calmet,  to  have  been  occasioned  by 

that  it  was  near  the  eeacoast.     The  circumstances  its  favorable  situation  for  commerce.     The   revolu- 


Part  L] 


DESTRUCTION  OF  THE  PHILISTINES  FORETOLD. 


933 


I  Heb.  the  fulness 

thereof. 


X  Heb.  the  isle. 

e  Am.  1.  7.  Mic. 
1.  Hi.  Zep.  2.  4, 
7.  Zee.  D.  5. 


-  Thus  saitii  the  Lord  ; 
Behold,  waters  rise  up  out  of  the  north, 
And  shall  be  an  overHowing  flood, 
And  shall  overflow  the  land,  and  tall  that  is  therein  ; 
The  city,  and  them  that  dwell  therein  : 
Then  the  men  shall  cry. 

And  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  land  shall  howl. 
At  the  noise  of  the  stamping  of  the  hoofs  of  his  strong  horses, 
At  the  rushing  of  his  chariots, 
And  at  the  rumbling  of  his  wheels, 
The  fathers  shall  not  look  back  to  their  children 
For  feebleness  of  hands  ; 
Because  of  the  day  that  cometh 
To  spoil  all  the  Philistines, 
And  to  cut  off  from  Tyrus  and  Zidon 
Every  helper  that  remaineth  : 
For  the  Lord  will  spoil  the  Philistines, 
The  remnant  of  tthe  country  of  Caphtor. 
Baldness  'is  come  upon  Gaza; 

Ashkelon  is  cut  off  with  the  remnant  of  their  valley — 
How  long  wilt  thou  cut  thyself? 

^  O  thou  ''sword  of  the  Lord,  how  long  will  it  be  ere  thou  be  quiet  ? 
*Put  up  thyself  into  thy  scabbard — rest,  and  be  still ! 


tions  of  preceding  ages,  however,  furnish  us  with 
more  powerful  reasons  for  these  contentions. 

In  Gen.  x.  13, 14,  we  read,  "  Misraim  begat  Ludiin, 
and  Anamim,  and  Lehabim,  and  Naphtuhim,  and 
Pathrusim.  and  Casluhim  (out  of  whom  came  Phi- 
lialim),  and  Caphtorim."  And  in  Deut.  ii.  23,  Moses, 
in  commanding  the  Israelites  not  to  interfere  with 
the  possessions  of  the  Ammonites,  leaves  his  imme- 
diate subject,  and  gives  a  short  history  of  tlie  con- 
quest of  the  Zamzumniins  by  the  Ammonites,  in  a 
prior  age.  This  conquest  leads  us  to  allude  to  the 
defeat  "of  the  Horim  by  the  Edomites,  and  in  ver. 
23,  to  tlie  overthrow  of  the  Avims  by  the  Caphtor- 
im ;  his  words  are,  "  the  Avims  which  dwelt  in 
Hazerim,  even  unto  Azzah,  the  Caphtorims,  which 
came  forth  out  of  Caphtor,  destroyed  them,  and 
dwelt  in  their  stead."  Azza  is  the  same  as  Gaza: 
tlie  J',  which  commences  the  Hebrew  name,  being 
b}'  the  Septuagint  pronounced  as  a  G. 

From  comparing  these  expressions,  it  evidently 
appears  that  the  Philistim,  who  may  be  considered 
the  same  as  the  Egyptians,  invaded  Palestine  (to 
which  they  gave  their  name)  by  tlie  south-west; 
and  leaving  the  country  of  the  Caphtorim,  took 
possession  of  the  seacoast  as  far  as  Gaza,  before 
the  Israelites  entered  the  Holy  Land  on  the  eastern 
side  over  the  river  Jordan.  Bishop  Cumberland, 
in  his  Dissertation  on  Deut.  ii.  23,  has  plainly 
shown  that  Caphtor  was  the  same  as  Pelusium  ; 
and,  on  referring  to  the  map,  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  Pelusiac  mouth  of  the  Nile  is  the  nearest 
branch  of  that  river  to  the  country  thus  invaded 
By  keeping  possession  of  Gaza,  or  of  Ashkelon,  on 
one  side,  and  Pelusium  on  the  other,  the  Egyptians 
and  Philistines  maintained  under  their  dominion 
the  whole  of  this  part  of  the  seacoast ;  a  territory 
eminently  valuable  to  them.  Besides  which,  it  was 
the  conquest  of  their  ancestors,  and  a  sure  protec- 
tion to  their  own  territory  ;  it  was  a  certain  source 
of  revenue,  and  afforded  an  easy  admission  into  the 
country  of  the  Israelites,  whenever  the  distresses  of 
the  Jews  or  their  own  ambition  prompted  them  to 
make  an  invasion.  The  Egyptians  and  the  Philis- 
tines therefore,  who  were  the  remnant  of  the 
country  of  Caphtor,  seeing  at  this  juncture  the  dis- 
tress of  Judasa,  most  probably  attempted  to  regain 
possession  from  the  Jews,  or  Assyrians,  of  the  sea- 


coast, from  Pelusium  to  Ashkelon.  Egypt  and 
Assyria  were  the  two  powerful  nations  who  were 
contending  for  empire :  the  impoverished  and 
crumbling  dominion  of  Judaea  was  divided  between 
them  at  tlieir  pleasure.  The  king  of  Assyria  in- 
vaded it  from  the  east  and  north,  had  taken  all  its 
fortified  towns,  except  Jerusalem,  Lachish,  and 
Azekah,  which  two  last  places  were  not  far  distant 
fro)ii  Gaza.  I  have  suppo.sed,  therefore,  that  on 
Nebuchadnezzar's  rapid  success  in  Palestine,  the 
king  of  Egypt,  in  union  with  the  Philistines,  was 
making  an  attempt  to  recover  possession  of  the 
much  desired  territory  from  Pelusium  to  Ashkelon. 
In  his  progress  through  tlie  country  ''  he  smote 
Gaza,"  and  this  conquest,  with  the  proximity  of  the 
Egyptian  army,  to  those  divisions  of  Nebuchad- 
nezzar's army  which  Vv'ere  besieging  Lachish  and 
Azekah,  occasioned  the  raising  of  the  siege  of 
Jerusalem  by  the  larger  part  of  the  Chaldean  army ; 
on  seeing  which,  the  Egyptians  retreated  to  their 
own  country,  and  left  Zedekiah  and  the  Jevi's  to 
their  fate. 

Dr.  Blayney  suggests  the  idea,  that  Gaza  might 
have  been  taken  by  the  Egyptians  on  their  retiring 
before  the  arni)^  of  Nebuchadnezzar  ;  but  it  is  not 
probable  tJiat  an  army,  which  was  hastily  retreating 
to  its  own  territory  for  safety,  would  stop  before  a 
strongly  fortified  town,  besiege,  and  capture  it. 
Others  have  supposed  that  it  was  taken  by 
Pharaoh  Necho,  on  his  return  from  the  battle  of 
Megiddo,  where  Josiah  was  killed,  and  when  all 
the  country  submitted  to  his  victorious  arms.  But 
we  have  no  authority,  either  for  supp«sing  that  the 
whole  country  submitted  to  Pharaoh,  or  that  Jere- 
miah should  predict  the  destruction  of  the  Philis- 
tines, on  the  capture  of  that  town,  more  tlian  on 
the  captuie  of  any  other.  On  considering  the 
various  authorities,  it  seems  most  probable,  that  the 
capture  of  Gaza  must  either  have  been  the  cause 
of  Nebuchadnezzar's  raising  the  siege  of  Jerusalem  ; 
or,  that  it  was  taken  about"the  time  when  Lachish 
and  Azekah  were  besieged  by  the  Chaldean  army. 
— Vide  Bishop  Cumberland's  Origincs  Gentium, 
Tract  2d ;  Faber's  Pag.  Idol.  vol.  iii.  p.  5(37 ; 
Lightfoot  in  loc.  ;  Dr.  Blayney  in  loc. ;  Calmet's 
Dictionary,  art.  Gaza. 


934 


JEREMIAH  PREDICTS  THE  BABYLONISH  CAPTIVITY.     [Pkriod  VII. 


t  Heb.  How  c 
Vwu. 
e  Ez.  14.  17. 


/Je.21.2. 
^Je.  34.  Si. 


X  Heb.  souls. 
AJe.  21.  4,5. 


»  Heb.  thrust 
through. 


SECT.   XV. 


A.  M.  3415. 
B.  C.  .589. 


oEx.  21.  2  k. 

23.  10. 
•  Or,  hath  sold 

hiiasclf. 


■  ^  tHow  can  it  be  quiet,  seeing  the  Lord  Iiath  'given  it  a  charge 

Against  Ashkelon,  and  against  the  sea  shore  ? 

There  hath  he  appointed  it. 

^  Then  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  the  prophet  Jeremiah  x.xxvii. 
Jeremiah,  saying, —  "j-io. 

"  Thus  saitii  the  Lord,  tlie  God  of  Israel ;  thus  shall  ye  say  to  the 
king  of  Judah,  ■'^that  sent  you  unto  me  to  inquire  of  me  ;  Behold, 
Pharaoh's  army,  which  is  come  forth  to  help  you,  shall  return  to  Egypt 
into  their  own  land.  "^  And  ^the  Chaldeans  shall  come  again,  and  fight 
against  this  city,  and  take  it,  and  burn  it  with  fire.  '-^  Thus  saith  the 
Lord  ;  Deceive  not  tyourselves,  saying,  The  Chaldeans  shall  surely 
de])art  from  us,  for  they  shall  not  depart.  ^^  For ''though  ye  had 
smitten  the  whole  army  of  the  Chaldeans  that  fight  against  you,  and 
there  remained  but  ^wounded  men  among  them,  yet  should  they  rise 
up  every  man  in  liis  tent,  and  burn  this  city  with  fire. 

Section  XV. — On  the  Departure  of  the  Chaldeans   the  Hebrew  Slaves  are 

recalled;  for  tvhieh  Jeremiah  predicts  the  Babylonish  Captivity. 

Jeremiah  xxxiv.  11,  to  the  end. 

'^BuT  afterwards  they  turned,  and  caused  the  servants  and  the 
handmaids,  whom  they  had  let  go  free,  to  return,  and  brought  them 
into  subjection  for  servants  and  for  handmaids.""''  ^-Therefore  the 
word  of  the  Lord  came  to  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  saying, — 

^•'  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  the  God  of  Israel  ;  I  made  a  covenant 
with  your  fathers  in  the  day  that  I  brought  them  forth  out  of  the  land 
of  Egypt,  out  of  the  house  of  bondmen,  saying,  i'' •' At  ''the  end  of 
seven  years  let  ye  go  every  man  his  brother  a  Hebrew,  which  *hath 
been  sold  unto  thee  ;  and  when  he  hath  served  thee  six  years,  thou 
shalt  let  him  go  free  from  thee  :  "  but  your  fathers  hearkened  not  unto 


t  Heh.  to-day.      jjje,  neither  inclined  their 


And  ye  were  tnow  turned,  and  had 


4  So  2  Ki.  23.  3. 

Ne.  10.  29. 
%  Heb.  whereupon 

my  name  is 

called. 
e  Ex.  20.  7.  Le. 


done  right  in  my  sight,  in  proclaiming  liberty  every  man  to  his  neigh- 
bour ;  and  ye  had  'made  a  covenant  before  me  in  the  house  Iwhich  is 
But  ye  turned  and  'polluted  my  name,  and  caused 


mv  name. 


d  Mat.  7.  2.  Gal 
6.  7.  Ja.  2.  13. 


*  Heb.  for  a  re- 
moiHiiir.  Do.  28. 
2.5,  U4. 


called  by 

every  man  his  servant,  and  every  man  his  handmaid,  whom  he  had  set 
at  liberty  at  their  pleasure,  to  return,  and  brought  them  into  subjection, 
to  be  unto  you  for  servants  and  for  handmaids.  ^^  Therefore  thus  saith 
the  Lord  ;  Ye  have  not  hearkened  unto  me,  in  proclaiming  liberty, 
every  one  to  his  brother,  and  every  man  to  his  neighbour:  ''behold," I 
j)roclaim  a  liberty  for  you,  saith  the  Lord,  to  the  sword,  to  the  pesti- 
lence, and  to  the  famine  ;  and  I  will  make  you  *to  be  removed  into  all 
the  kingdoms  of  the  earth.  ^*  And  I  will  give  the  men  that  have  trans- 
gressed my  covenant,  which  have  not  performed  the  words  of  the 
covenant  which  they  had  made  before  me,  when  'they  cut  the  calf  in 
twain,  and  passed  between  the  parts  thereof,  ^'■'(the  princes  of  Judaji, 
and  the  princes  of  Jerusalem,  the  eunuchs,  and  the  priests,  and  all  tlie 
people  of  the  land,  which  ])assed  between  the  parts  of  the  calf;)  ^^I 
will  even  give  them  into  the  hand  of  their  enemies,  and  into  the  hand 
of  them  that  seek  their  life  :  and  their  dead  bodies  shall  be  for  meat 
unto  the  fowls  of  the  heaven,  and  to  the  beasts  of  the  earth.  ~'  And 
Zedekiah  king  of  Judah  and  his  princes  will  I  give  into  the  hand  of 
their  enemies,  and  into  the  hand  of  them  that  seek  their  life,  and  into 


('«)  The  prophet,  in  tliis  part  of  chap,  xxxiv.,  re- 
proaches the  people  of  Judah  for  the  utter  hollow- 
ness  of  their  pretended  reformation,  and  for  their 
perfidious  conduct  to  their  Hebrew  slaves  ;  whom 
they  Hijain  reduced,  in  dcs[)ite  of  their  covenant, 
to  their  former  unlawful  bondatre,  as  soon  as  tl)e 
danger  that  threatened  them  from  the  Chaldeans 
appeared    to    be    past.     God    threatens    to   punish 


them  by  giving  liberty  to  the  sword,  to  the  pesti- 
lence, and  the  famine.  He  assures  them  he  will 
deliver  them  into  the  hands  of  those  enemies  "  who 
are  gone  up  from  you,"  that  he  will  cause  them  to 
return,  and  make  Judah  "  a  desolation  without  an 
inhabitant." — See  note  on  the  first  part  of  chapter 
xxxiv.  sect.  xi.  p.  928. 


Part  I.]  JEREMIAH  IS  AGAIN  IMPRISONED  AT  JERUSALEM.  935 

^ii''q]'q^^-  ^'  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Babylon's  army,  ■'^which  are  gone  up  from  you. 
^jp'. 38. 3.  &39.  ^-Behold,  I  will  command,  saith  the  Lord,  and  cause  them  to  return 
1^2, 8.  .i  52. 7,  ^^  j^i^jg  city;  and  they  shall  fight  against  it,  ^and  take  it,  and  burn  it 
hje.  9. 11.  &  44.  with  fire  :  and  ''I  will  make  the  cities  of  Judah  a  desolation  without  an 

2,  b.  .     ,      ,   . 

inhabitant. 


SECT.  XVI.     Section    XVI. — Jeremiah,  nttempting  to  make  his  Escape  from  Jerusalem,  is 
A   J\r~34]fi  again   imprisoned. 

B.  C.  568.  Jeremiah  xxxvii.  11,  to  the  endM''> 

Jeremiah  is  taken  for  a  Jhoitive,  beaten,  and  piit  in  prison.     He  assuretli  Zedekiah   of  the  captivity- 
Entreating  for  his  iiherlij,  he  obtaineth  some  furor. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  the  army  of  the  Chaldeans  was 

*c^id'''"'"'*"'"^"  *broken  up  from  Jerusalem  for  fear  of  Pharaoh's  army,  ^^  then  Jere- 

tor,  to  slip  away  uiiah  wcnt  fortli  out  of  Jerusalem  to  go  into  the  land  of  Benjamin,  tto 

{Z''ludTJ/tAe    separate  himself  thence  in  the  midst  of  the  people.  ^^  And  when  he 

people.  ^^,^g  j.-,  jj^g  „^^Q  Qf  Benjamin,  a  captain  of  the  ward  was  there,  whose 

name  was  Irijah,  the  son  of  Shelemiah,  the  son  of  Hananiah  ;  and  he 

took  Jeremiah  the  prophet,  saying,  "  Thou  fallest  away  to  the  Chal- 

^^"a'lie ''"'"""''   <Jeans."  ^^  Then  said  Jeremiah,  "  It  is  tfalse — I  fall  not  away  to  the 

Chaldeans."    But  he  hearkened  not  to  him  :   so  Irijah  took  Jeremiah, 

and  brought  him  to  the  princes.   ^^  Wherefore  the   princes  were  wroth 

with  Jeremiah,  and  smote  him,  and  put  him  in  prison  in  the  house  of 

Jonathan  the  scribe  ;  for  they  had  made  that  the  prison. 

^^  When    Jeremiah   was    entered    into  the  dungeon,   and  into  the 
*ot,  cells.  *cabins,  and  Jeremiah  had  remained  there  many  days  ;   ^"  then  Zede^ 

kiah  the  king  sent,  and  took  him  out :  and  the  king  asked  him  secretly 
in  his  house,  and  said,  "Is  there  any  word  from  the  Lord?"  And 
Jeremiah  said,  "  There  is  :  for,"  said  he,  "  thou  shall  be  delivered  into 
the  hand  of  the  king  of  Babylon."  ^^  Moreover  Jeremiah  said  unto 
king  Zedekiah,  "  What  have  t  offended  against  thee,  or  against  thy 
servants,  or  against  this  people,  that  ye  have  put  me  in  prison  ? 
^^  Where  are  now  your  prophets  which  prophesied  unto  you,  saying, 
'  The  king  of  Babylon  shall  not  come  against  you,  nor  against  this 
iheh  letm,,       land?'  -"Therefore  liear  now,  I  pray  thee,  O  my  lord  the  king!   flet 

suppUcatonfall.  .  iiir  i  i^i 

my  supplication,  i  pray  thee,  be  accepted  beiore  thee  ;  that  thou  cause 
me  not  to  return  to  the  house  of  Jonathan  the  scribe,  lest  I  die  there." 
2'  Then  Zedekiah  the  king  commanded  that  they  should  commit  Jere- 
miah into  the  court  of  th.e  prison,  and  that  they  should  give  him  daily 
apiece  of  bread  out  of  the  bakers'  street,  until  all  the  bread  in  the  city 
were  spent.     Thus  Jeremiah  remained  in  the  court  of  the  prison. 

SECT.  xvii.    Section  XVII. — Jeremiah,  applied  to  hy  the  King,  repeats  his  former  Pre- 
„  dictions. 

A.  M.   3416. 
B.  C.  5S8.  Jeremiah  xxi.f'^) 

Zedekiah  sendelh  to  Jeremiah  to  inquire  the  event  of  Nehitrhadrezzar's  var.     o  Jeremiah  foretelleth 

a  hard  siege  and  miserable  captivity.     8  He  comiselleth  the' people  to  fall  to  the  Chaldeans,  11  and 
uphraideth  the  king's  house. 

^The  word  which  came  unto  Jeremiah  from  the  Lord,  when  king 
Zedekiah  sent  unto  him  Pashur  the  son  of  Malchiah,  and  Zephaniah 
the  son  of  Maaseiali  the  priest,  saying,  ^  "  Inquire,  I  pray  thee,  of  the 
Lord  for  us  ;  for  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon  maketh  war  against 
us  ;  if  so  be  that  the  Lord  will  deal  with  us  according  to  all  his  won- 
drous works,  that  he  may  go  up  from  us." 

(•7)  The  place  and  date  of  this  part  of  Jeremiah  firmness)  he  exhorts  the    royal  house   to  execute 

xxxvii.  are  assigned  in  ver.  11.  judgment  and  justice.     The  king  and  people,  even 

('-)  For  the  reasons  why  the  twenty-first  chapter  to  the  Ir.st,  are  offered  terms  of  mercy  and  accep- 

is   inserted   here,  see  a  preceding   note    on    chap,  tance,  on  obedience  and  submission  to  the   divine 

xxxiv.  1-8.     In  a  loathsome  dungeon,  the  prophet  will;  "  Behold,  I   set  before   you   the   way  of  life, 

still  retains  his  unshaken   fidelity  and  constancy,  and  the  way  of  death,"  ver.  8,  9.    Jeremiah  xxxviii. 

and  repeats  his  former  predictions  with  unwavering  17. 


936  JEREMIAH  COMMITTED  TO  THE  DUNGEON.     [Period  VII. 

^  Then  said  Jeremiah  unto  them,  -  Thus  shall  ye  say  to  Zedekiah, 
^Thus  saith  the  Lokd   God  of  Israel;   Behold,  I  will    turn  back  the 
weapons  of  war  that  are  in  your  hands,  wherewith  ye  fight  against  the 
king  of  Babylon,  and  against  the  Chaldeans,  which  besiege  you  without 
ais.  13. 4.  t|jg  walls,  and  "I  will  assemble  them  into  the  midst  of  this  city.  ^And  I 

*Ex.  6. 6.  myself  will  fight  against  you  with  'an  out-stretched  hand  and  with  a 

strong  arm,  even  in  anger,  and  in  fury,  and  in  great  wrath.  ''And  I 
will  smite  the  inhabitants  of  this  city,  both  man  and  beast ;  they  shall 
"^i^l^^r:^^!'*^^^'  die  of  a  great  pestilence.  "And  afterwartl,  saith  the  Lord,  "^I  will  de- 
liver Zedekiali  king  of  Judah,  and  his  servants,  and  the  people,  and 
such  as  are  left  in  this  city,  from  the  pestilence,  from  the  sword,  and 
from  the  famine,  into  the  hand  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon, 
and  into  the  hand  of  their  enemies,  and  into  the  hand  of  those  that 
seek  their  life  :  and  he  shall  smite  them  with  the  edge  of  the  sword  : 
''i/cii.^36.^17.       ^^^^  ^^^^^  "'^^  spare  them,  neither  have  pity,  nor  have  mercy. 

^  "  And  unto  this  people  thou  shalt  say,  thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  Behold, 
eDe.3o.  19.  'J  ggt  bcforc  you  tliB  Way  of  life,  and  the  way  of  death.  ^  He  that 
/Jo. 38. 2, 17, 18.  /abideth  in  this  city  shall  die  by  the  sword,  and  by  the  famine,  and  by 
the  pestilence  :  but  he  that  goeth  out,  and  falleth  to  the  Chaldeans 
^45*^ o^^' '^"  *"  ^^^^  besiege  you,  he  shall  live,  and  °'his  life  shall  be  unto  him  for  a 
A  Le.  17. 10.  Je.  prey.  1"  For  I  have  ''set  my  face  against  this  city  for  evil,  and  not  for 
44.  a.  Am.  9.  good,  saith  the  Lord  :  'it  shall  be  given  into  the  hand  of  the  king  of 
iJe.  33. 3.  Babylon,  and  he  shall  'burn  it  with  fire. 

■^37.'fo!&'3^6"i8        ^^  "  -^^"'^  touching  the  house  of  the  king  of  Judah,  say,  Hear  ye  the 
23.  &52. 13.       word  of  the  Lord  !   ^~  O  house  of  David,  thus  .saith  the  Lord  ;   *Ex- 

*  lieh.  jud^rc.      gcute  judgment  in  the  morning,  and  deliver  him  that  is  spoiled  out  of 

the  hand  of  the  oppressor,  lest  my  fury  go  out  like  fire,  and  burn  that 
none  can  quench  it,  because  of  the  evil   of  your   doings.  ^^  Behold,  I 

^Heb. inhabitrcss.  am  agaiust  thee,  O  tinhabitant  of  the  valley,  and  rock  of  the  plain, 
saith    the   Lord  ;  which   say.  Who   shall  come  down  against  us  ?  or 

XUch.  visit  upon,  who   shall  enter  into  our  habitations?   ^'' But  I  will   tpunish  you  ac- 

''lo'Vi' '''■  ^^'^'  cording  to  the  *fruit  of  your  doings,  saith  the  Lord  :  and  1  will  kin- 
dle a  fire  in  the  forest  thereof,  and  it  shall  devour  all  things  round 

about  it." 

SECT.  xvnr.         Section  XVIIL — Jeremiah  is  committed  to  tin:  Dungeon  of  Male  hi  ah. 
A.  M.  3416.  Jeremiah  xxxviii.,"')  and  xxxix.  15,  to  the  end. 

B.  C.  588.         Jeremiah,  by  a  false  sufforestion,  is  put  into  the  dungeon  of  Malrhiah.     7  Ebed-melech,  by  suit,  gettetk 

liim  some  eidargement.     14  Upon  secret  conference  he  counsel/eth  the  king  by  yielding  to  save  his 

life.     U  By  the  /cinn's  instntctions  he  concealeth  the  conference  from  the  princes.  —  Chap,  xxxix. 
13  God's  promise  to  Ebed-melech. 

^  Then  Shephatiah  the  son  of  Mattan,  and  Gcdaliali  the  son  of 
Pashur,  and  Jucal  the  son  of  Shelemiah,  and  Pasluir  the  son  of  Mal- 
chiah,  heard  the  words  that  Jeremiah  had  spoken  unto  all  the  people, 

a jc. 21. 9, 10.  saying,  -"Thus  saith  the  Lord,  "lie  that  remainelh  in  this  city  shall 
die  by  tiie  sword,  by  the  famine,  and  by  the  pestilence  :  but  he  that 
goeth  forth  to  the  Chaldeans  shall  live  ;  for  he  shall  have  his  life  for  a 

iJe.  32. 3.  prey,  and  shall  live.  ^Thus   saith  the  Lord,  'This  city  shall  surely  be 

given  into  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Babylon's  army,  which  shall   take 

csee  Je.2G.  II.  jt"  4  Therefore  the  princes  said  unto  the  king,  '•  We  beseech  thee,  'let 
this  man  be  put  to  death  ;  for  thus  he  wcakeneth  the  hands  of  the  men 
of  war  that  remain  in  this  city,  and  the  hands  of  all  the  people,  in 

•  Hcb.pracc.       speaking  such  words  unto  them  ;  for  this  man  seekcth  not  the  *wel- 

fare  of  this  people,  but  the  hurt."  ^  Then  Zedekiah  the  king  said, 
"  Behold,  he  is  in  your  hand  !  for  the  king  is  not  he  that  can  do  any 

(•")  That  this  chapter  ouirlit  to  bo  insorted   liore,  taken."     The   place  of  chap,    xxxix.  15-18,  is  as- 

is  evident  from  ver.  28  ;  '•Jeremiah  abode    in   the  signed  by  coinparinsT  ver.  15  with  the   last  verse  of 

court  of  the   prison   until   the  day  that  Jerusalem  the   preceding  chapter,  and  by  the  events  alluded 

was  taken  :     id  he  was  there  when  Jerusalem  was  to  in  that  chapter. 


Part  I.] 


JEREMIAH  COMMITTED  TO  THE  DUNGEON. 


937 


t  Or,  of  the  Jch 


*Heb. 
hand. 


I  Or,  principal. 


thincr  against  you."  ^  Then  took  tliey  Jeremiah,  and  cast  him  into  the 
dungeon  of  Malchiah  the  son  tof  Hammelech,  that  was  in  the  court  of 
the  prison  ;  and  they  let  down  Jeremiah  with  cords.  And  in  the  dun- 
geon there'  was  no  water,  but  mire  :   so  Jeremiah  sunk  in  the  mire. 

^  Now  when  Ebed-melech  the  Ethiopian,  one  of  the  eunuchs  which 
was  in  the  king's  house,  heard  that  they  had  put  Jeremiah  in  the  dun- 
geon ;  (the  king  then  sitting  in  the  gate  of  Benjamin  ;)  «  Ebed-melech 
went  forth  out  of  the  king's  house,  and  spake  to  the  kmg,  saymg, 
9  "  My  lord  the  king,  these  men  have  done  evil  in  all  that  they  have 
done  to  Jeremiah  the  prophet,  whom  they  have  cast  into  the  dungeon  ; 
iHeh.hewUidie.  and  the  is  like  to  die  for  hunger  in  the  ]>lace  where  he  is,  for  there  is 
no  more  bread  in  the  city."  ^^  Then  the  king  commanded  Ebed-melech 
%  the  Ethiopian,  saying,  "  Take  from  hence  thirty  men  'with  thee,  and 
take  up  Jeremiah  the  prophet  out  of  the  dungeon,  before  he  die." 
11  So  Ebed-melech  took  the  men  with  him,  and  went  into  the  house  of 
the  king  under  the  treasury,  and  took  thence  old  cast  clouts  and  old 
rotten  rags,  and  let  them  down  by  cords  into  the  dungeon  to  Jeremiah. 
i~  And  Ebed-melech  the  Ethiopian  said  unto  Jeremiah,  '■'  Put  now  these 
old  cast  clouts  and  rotten  rags  under  thine  armholes  under  the  cords." 
And  Jeremiah  did  so.  ^'^  So  they  drew  up  Jeremiah  with  cords,  and 
took  hiin  up  out  of  the  dungeon  ;  and  Jeremiah  remained  in  the  court 
of  the  prison. 

i^Then  Zedekiah  the  king  sent,  and  took  Jeremiah  the  prophet  unto 
him  into  the  fthird  entry  that  is  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  and  the 
king  said  unto  Jeremiah,  "I  will  ask  thee  a  thing;  hide  nothing 
from  me."  . 

i^Then  Jeremiah  said  unto  Zedekiah,  "If  I  declare  it  unto  thee, 
wilt  thou  not  surely  put  me  to  death  ?  and  if  I  give  thee  counsel,  wilt 
thou  not  hearken  unto  me?  "  '"^  So  Zedekiah  the  king  sware  secretly  unto 
Is. 57. 16.  Jeremiah,  saying,  "  As  the  Lord  liveth,  "that  made  us  this  soul,  I  will 
not  put  thee  to  death,  neither  will  I  give  thee  into  the  hand  of  these 
men  that  seek  thy  life  !  " 

17 Then  said  Jeremiah  unto  Zedekiah,  "Thus  saith  the  Lord,  the 
God  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ;  If  thou  wilt  assuredly  go  forth  unto 
the  king  of  Babylon's  princes,  then  thy  soul  shall  live,  and  this  city 
shall  nol  be  burned  with  fire  ;  and  thou  shalt  live,  and  thy  house,  i^  But 
if  thou  wilt  not  go  forth  to  the  king  of  Babylon's  princes,  then  shall 
this  city  be  given^into  the  hand  of  the  Chaldeans,  and  they  shall  burn 
,je.32.  4.  &34.  j^  ^j^j^  f^,.g^  ^^^j^  ^tj^ou  slialt  uot  cscapc  out  of  their  hand." 
^'  19  And  Zedekiah  the  king  said  unto  Jeremiah,  "  I  am  afraid  of  the 

Jews  that  are  fallen  to  the  Chaldeans,  lest  they  deliver  me  into  their 
hand,  and  they  mock  me." 

20  But  Jeremiah  said,  "  They  shall  not  deliver  thee.  Obey,  I  beseech 
thee,  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  wW\ch  I  speak  unto  thee :  so  it  shall  be 
well'unto  thee,  and  thy  soul  shall  live,  ^i  But  if  thou  refuse  to  go  forth, 
this  is  the  word  that  the  Lord  hath  showed  me.  "'And,  behold,  all 
the  women  that  are  left  in  the  king  of  Judah's  house  shall  be  brought 
forth  to  the  king  of  Babylon's  princes,  and  those  women  shall  say, 
iUeh.Mencftiiy  |Tj,y  f^ends  liavc  sct  thec  on,  and  have  prevailed  against  thee:  thy 
*"""■  feet  are  sunk  in  the  mire,  and  they  are   turned  away  back.  ^3  So  they 

shall  bring  out  all  thy  wives  and  thy  children  to  the  Chaldeans  ;  and 
thou  shalt  not  escape  out  of  their  hand,  but  shalt  be  taken  by  the  hand 
of  tiie  king  of  Babylon ;  and  *thou  shalt  cause  this  city  to  be  burned 
with  fire." 

24  Then  said  Zedekiah  unto  Jeremiah,  "  Let  no  man  know  of  these 
words,  and  thou  shalt  not  die.  ^^But  if  the  princes  hear  that  I  have 
talked  with  thee,  and  they  come  unto  thee,  and  say  unto  thee,  De- 
118  4  A 


*  Heb.  thou  shalt 
burn,  4'c. 


538  THE  CAPTURE  OF  JERUSALEM.  [Period  VH. 

clare  unto  us  now  what  thou  hast  said  unto  the  king,  hide  it  not  from 
us,  and  we  will  not  put  thee  to  death  ;  also  what  the  king  said  unto 
thee :  ^^  then  thou  shalt  say  unto  them,  I  presented  my  supplication 
before  the  king,  that  he  would  not  cause  me  to  return  to  Jonathan's 
house,  to  die  there,"  -"Then  came  all  the  princes  unto  Jeremiah,  and 
asked  him  ;  and  he  told  them  according  to  all  these  words  that  the 
^Mmtf!^k^'  king  had  commanded.  So  tthey  left  oti'  speaking  with  him;  for  the 
matter  was  not  perceived.  -^  So  Jeremiah  abode  in  the  court  of  the 
prison  until  the  day  that  Jerusalem  was  taken  ;  and  he  was  there  when 
Jerusalem  was  taken. 

^^  Now  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Jeremiah,  Jeremiah  xxxix. 
while  he  was  shut  up  in  the  court  of  the  prison,  saying,     l^>  '<'  '/*«  ««'^- 
^^  Go  and  speak  to  Ebed-melech  the  Ethiopian,  sayina:, — 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 

Behold,  I  will  bring  my  words  upon  this  city 

For  evil,  and  not  for  good  : 

And  they  shall  be  accomplished  in  that  day  before  thee. 
^■^  But  I  will  deliver  thee  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

And  thou  shalt  not  be  given  into  the  hand 

Of  the  men  of  whom  thou  art  afraid. 
'^  For  I  will  surely  deliver  thee, 
/  je.  21. 9.  &  45.       And  thou  shalt  not  fall  by  the  sword, 

^i  ch  5  20  ^"^  ^^^^y  ^'^'^  ^^^^^  '^^  ^^'  ^  P^^y  ""^^  ^^^^^  ' 

P8.37. 41).  '  Because  'thou  hast  put  thy  trust  in  me,  saith  the  Lord. 

SECT.  XIX.     SectioxXIX. —  TTie  Capture  of  Jerusalem  and  of  Zcdekiah; — The  Deliver- 
ance   of  Jeretniah  ; — The   Burning  of  the    Temple; — The  People   are 
carried  captive  to  Babylon. 
Jer.  lii.  5,  G,  xxxix.  3,  lii.  7-11,  xxxix.  11-14,  lii.  24-27,  12-14,  17-2.3,  and  15,  16,  and 
xxxis.  10. — 2  Kings  xxiv.  17,  ^o  thcend,xx-v.  3-21. — Jeremiah  xxxix.  2,  awrf 4-9,  lii.  4. 
Jerusalem  is  besieged  and  taken.     Zedekiah  is  taken  prisoner,  his  sons  killed,  and  his  men  eyes  put 
out.     Nebuchadrezzar's  charge /or  the  good  ii.mge  of  Jeremiah.     The  chief  pi-iest  slain.     Nebu- 
zar-adcm  hurneth  and  spoileth  the  city,  and  carrieth  the  people  captive  to  Jerusalem. 

5  So  the  city  was  besieged  unto  the  eleventh  year  of  king  Zedekiah. 
^  And  in  the  fourth  month,  in  the  ninth  day  of  the  month,  the  famine 
was  sore  in  the  city,  so  that  there  was  no  bread  for  the  people  of  the 
land.  ^  And  "all  the  princes  of  the  king  of  Babylon  came  Jekemiah  xxxix. 
in,  and  sat  in  the  middle  gate,  even  Nergal-sharezer,  ^■ 

Samgar-nebo,  Sarsechim.  Rab-saris,  Nergal-sharezer,  Rab-mag,  with  all 
the  residue  of  the  princes  of  the  king  of  Babylon.  "  Then  Jeremiah  Hi. 
the  city  was  broken  up,  and  all  the  men  of  war  fled,  and  "-H- 

went  forth  out  of  the  city  by  nigiit  by  the  way  of  the  gate  between 
the  two  walls,  which  was  by  the  king's  garden  ;  (now  the  Chaldeans 
were  by  the  city  round  about  ;)  and  they  went  by  the  way  of  the  plain. 

^  But  the  army  of  the  Chaldeans  pursued  after  the  king,  and  overtook 
Zedekiah  in  the  plains  of  Jericho  ;  and  all  his  army  was  scattered  from 
him.  '••  Then  they  took  the  king,  and  carried  him  up  unto  the  king  of 
Babylon  to  Riblah  in  the  land  of  Hamath  ;  where  he  gave  judgment 
upon  him.  '°  And  ''the  king  of  Babylon  slew  the  sons  of  Zedekiah 
before  his  eyes  :  he  slew  also  all  the  princes  of  Judah  in  Riblah.  ^'  Then 
he  *'put  out  the  eyes  of  Zedekiah  ;  and  the  king  of  Babylon  bound 
him  in  +chains,  and  carried  him  to  Babylon,  and  put  him  in  iprison  till 
the  day  of  his  death. 

"  Now  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon  gave  charge  Jeremiah  xxxix. 
Heb.  jyjAe       concerning  Jcrcmiali  ""to  Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  11-14. 

1.  «ftAine     the  guard,  saying,   '-"Take  him,  and  tlook  well  to  him.  and  do  him  no 
uponhim.     harm;    but    do    unto    him  even  as   he    shall  say   unto  thee."   '^  So 
Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  the  guard  sent,  and  Nebushasban,  Rab- 


A.  M.  3416. 
B.  C.  588. 


t  Or,  fntn-a. 
X  lleb.  hi-itst  of 
the  wants. 


t  Heb.  Id  thin 


Part  I.]  THE  BURNING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  OF  JERUSALEM.  939 

saris  and  Nergal-sharezer,  Rab-rnag,  and  all  the  king  of  Babylon's 
princes  •  ^^  even  they  sent,  and  took  Jeremiah  out  of  the  court  of  the 
prison,  and  committed  him  unto  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  the  son 
of  Shaphan,  that  he  should  carry  him  home :   so  he  dwelt  among  the 

people.  ,    ^^      •  ,     1 

2^  And  the  captain  of  the  guard  took  feeraiah  the    Jer  lii.  24-27  12- 
chief  priest,  and  Zephaniah  the  second  priest,  and  the     l4,l7-2J,i5,ib. 

tHeb.tw.w.  three  keepers  of  the  tdoor.  ^^He  took  also  out  of  the  city  an  eunuch, 
which  had  the  charge  of  the  men  of  war;  and  seven  men  ot  them 

*HeKsawm      th^t  *were  near  the  king's  person,  which  were  found  m  the  city  ;  arid 

/o:l-i%  the  tpnncipal  scnbeof  the  host,  who  mustered  the  people  of  the  land ; 

'c^'a'pLn.ft/e  ^^^j  tlueescore  men  of  the  people  of  the  land,  that  were  found  m  the 
midst  of  the  city.  "^'  So  Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  the  guard  took 
them,  and  brought  them  to  the  king  of  Babylon  to  Riblah.  ^  And  he 
kin<^  of  Babylon  smote  them,  and  put  them  to  death  in  Kiblah  in  the 
land  of  Hamath.     Thus  Judah  was  carried  away  captive  out  ot  his 

°'^"  Now  in  the  fifth  month,  in  the  tenth  day  of  the  month,  which 
was  the  nineteenth  year  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon    came 
t  or,  ckiefmar-     Ncbuzar-adau.  tcaptam  of  the  guard,  which  *served  the  king  ot  Baby- 
St'Lt;^!:^   Ion,  into  Jerusalem,.  ^=^  and  burned  the  house  of  the  Lord   and  the 
ers,  or,  siau.h-    j^j     ,    j  ^    jj  ^j^g  ^ouscs  of  Jerusalem,  and  all  the  houses  ot 

Tu/^-    the'grea'  meir,  burned  he  with  f^re.  -  And  all  the  army  of  the  Chal- 
*Heh..,w*.-     ^^^^^    ^,^^^  ^^,^,.g  ^^,ith  the  captain  of  the  guard,  brake  down  all  the 
/see'iKi.7.15,   walls  of  Jcrusalcm  round  about.  ^^  Also  the  ^pillars  of  brass  that  were 
^'■-''  ''■         in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  bases,  and  the  brazen  sea  that  was 
in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  the  Chaldeans  brake,  and  carried  all  the 
.E..27.3.2Ki.  brass  of  them  to  Babylon.  I'^The  "caldrons  also, and  the  tshovels   and 
,^c?;,t;L..   the  snuffers,  and  the  tbowls,  and  the  «P--' -^f^}^;i^ Jf  ^^^^^ 
\o  .„ovctke       brass  wherewith  they  ministered,  took  they  away.  ^^  And  the  basons, 
;o:%son.        and  the  *firepans,  and  the  bowls,  and  the  caldrons,  and  the  candlesticks 
*  Or,  censers.       ^^^^  ^^c  spoous,  and  the  cups  ;  that  which  was  of  gold   m  goia,  ana 
that  which  was  of  silver  in  silver,  took  the  captain  of  the  guard  away. 
20  The  two  pillars,  one  sea,  and  twelve  brazen  bulls  that  were  under 
the  bases,  which  king  Solomon  had  made  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  : 
^Heh.,heirkra.s.  |the  brass  of  all  thcse  vessels  was  without  weight.  ~  And  conceining 
^l;:-kl7.       the  pillars,  the  height  of  one  pillar  was  eighteen   cubits  ;  and  a  thUet 
^^"'^•^•^'-        of  twelve  cubits  did  compass  it;  and  the  thickness  thereof  was  lour 
tHeb.tw.       ^^^^^^  _   .^  ^^^^^  j^^jj^^_  ,,^^^  ^  ^j^^p.^^^  ^f  brass  was  upon  it  ;  and 

the"  height  of  one  chapiter  was  five  cubits,  with  network  and  pome- 
granates upon  the  chapiters  round  about,  all  of  brass.  Jhe  second 
pillar  also  and  the  pomeoranates  were  hke  unto  these.  -^  And  there 
*SeeiKi.7.2o.  were  ninety  and  six  pomegranates  on  a  side;  and  ^all  the  pomegran- 
ates upon  the  network  were  an  hundred  round  about. 

1^  Then  Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  the  guard  carried  away  cap- 
tive certain  of  the  poor  of  the  people,  and  the  residue  of  the  people 
that  remained  in  the  city,  and  those  that  fell  away,  that  fell  to  the 
kina  of  Babylon,  and  the  rest  of  the  multitude.  ^'^  But  Nebuzar-adan 
the'captain  of  the  guard  left  certain  of  the  poor  of  the  land  for  vine- 
dressers and  for  husbandmen.  ''  But  Nebuzar-adan  the  Jeremiah  xxxix. 
captain  of  the  guard  left  of  the  poor  of  the  people,  i«- 

which  had  nothing,  in  the  land  of  Judah,  and  gave  them  vineyards  and 
.  Heb.  in  that       fields  *at  thc  same  time. 


day. 


2  Ki.GS  xxiv.  17,  to  the  enrf.-"  And  the  king  of  Babylon  made  Mattan.ah  his  father  s 
brother  kin.  in  his  ;tead.  and  changed  his  na,ne  to  Zedekiah.  -  Zedekiah  was  wenty  and 
one  years  old  when  he  began  to  reign,  and  he  reigned  eleven  years  in  /""^^'^^  .  /;"^ 
his  mother's  name  was  Hamutal,  the  daughter  of  Jeremiah  of  Libnah.       And  he  dzd  that 


940  THE  BURNING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  OF  JERUSALEM.     [Pakt  VIL 

ichick  was  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  according  to  all  that  Jehoiakim  had  done.  ""  For 
through  the  anger  of  the  Lord  it  came  to  pass  in  Jerusalem  and  Judah,  until  he  had  cast 
them  out  from  his  presence,  that  Zedekiah  rebelled  against  the  king  of  Babylon. 

2  Ki.NGS  XXV.  3-2L — •'And  on  the  ninth  day  of  the  fourth  month  the  famine  prevailed 
in  the  city,  and  there  was  no  bread  for  the  people  of  the  land. 

*  And  the  city  was  broken  up,  and  all  the  men  of  war  fled  by  night  by  tiio  way  of  the  g:ite 
between  two  walls,  wiiich  is  by  tlie  king's  garden  ;  (now  the  Chaldees  were  against  the  city 
round  about ;)  and  the  king  went  the  way  toward  the  plain.  ^  And  the  army  of  the  Chal- 
dees pursued  after  the  king,  and  overtook  him  in  the  plains  of  Jericho ;  and  all  his  army 
were  scattered  from  him.  ^  So  they  took  the  king,  and  brought  him  up  to  the  king  of 

*  Heb.  spake  Babylon  to  Riblah  ;  and  they  "gave  judgment  upon  him.  '  And  they  slew  the  sons  of 
^lUin."""  ""  *  Zedekiah  before  his  eyes,  and  iput  out  the  eyes  of  Zedekiah,  and  bound  him  with  fetters 
■f  Heb.  made  blind,   of  brass,  and  carried  him  to  Babylon. 

"  And  ill  the  fitlh  month,  on  the  seventh  day  of  the  month,  which  is  the  nineteenth  year 

J  Or,  chief  mar-      of  king  Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon,  came   Nebuzar-adan,  +captain  of  the  guard,  a 

'""■  servant  of  the  king  of  Babylon,  unto  Jerusalem.  *  And  he  burnt  the  house  of  the  Lord, 

and  the  king's  house,  and  all  the  houses  of  Jerusalem,  and  every  great  man's  house  burnt 

he  with  fire.  '"  And  all  the  army  of  the  Chaldees,  that  were  with  the  captain  of  the  guard, 

brake  down  the  walls  of  Jerusalem  round  about.  "  Now  the  rest  of  the  people  that  were 

*  Heb./a«en  left  in  the  city,  and  the  ^fugitives  that  fell  away  to  the  king  of  Babylon,  with  the  rem- 
*'"'"^'  nant  of  the  multitude,  did  Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  the  guard  carry  away.  '^  But  the 

captain  of  the  guard  left  of  the  poor  of  the  land  to  be  vine-dressers  and  husbandmen. 
'•'And  the  pillars  of  brass  that  were  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  and  the  bases,  and  the 
brazen  sea  that  was  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  did  the  Chaldees  break  in  pieces,  and 
carried  the  brass  of  them  to  Babylon.  '•'  And  the  pots,  and  the  shovels,  and  the  snuffers, 
and  the  spoons,  and  all  the  vessels  of  brass  wherewith  they  ministered,  took  they  away. 
'^And  the  firepans,  and  the  bowls,  and  such  things  as  were  of  gold,  in  gold,  and  of  silver, 

t  Heb.  £Ac  one  sea.  in  silver,  the  captain  of  the  guard  took  away.  '^The  two  pillars,  tone  sea,  and  the  bases 
which  Solomon  had  made  for  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  the  brass  of  all  these  vessels  was 
without  weight.  "The  height  of  the  one  pillar  was  eighteen  cubits,  and  the  chapiter  upon 
it  was  brass  :  and  the  height  of  the  chapiter  three  cubits;  and  the  wreathen  work,  and 
pomegranates  upon  tlie  chapiter  round  about,  all  of  brass  :  and  like  unto  these  had 
the  second  pillar  with  wreathen  work. 

^^  And  the  captain  of  the  guard  took  Seraiah  the  chief  priest,  and  Zephaniah  the  second 

X  Heb.  threshold,     priest,  and  the  three  keepers  of  the  fdoor.  '"  And  out  of  the  city  he  took  an  ^officer  that 

*  Oi,  eunuch.  ^yas  set  over  the  men  of  war,  and  five  men  of  them  that  Uvere  in  the  king's  presence, 
t  ^'^l';  *""'  '*i^       which  were  found  in  the  city,  and  the  ^principal  scribe  of  the  host,  which  mustered  the 

1.  14.  people  of  the  land,  and  threescore  men  of  the  people  of  the  land  that  were  found  in  the 

X  Or,  scribe  of       city.  ^''And  Nebuzar-adan  captain  of  the  guard  took  these,  and  brought  them  to  the  king 
itr^'"'"""^ ''"  of  Babylon  to  Riblah  ;  ^i  and  the  king  of  Babylon  smote  them,  and  slew  them  at  Riblah 
in  the  land  of  Hamath.     So  Judah  was  carried  away  out  of  their  land. 

Jeremiah  xxxix.  2,  and  4-9. — ^  And  in  the  eleventh  year  of  Zedekiah,  in  the  fourth 
month,  the  ninth  day  of  the  month,  the  city  was  broken  up. 

*  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  Zedekiah  the  king  of  Judah  saw  them,  and  all  the 
men  of  war,  then  they  fled,  and  went  forth  out  of  the  city  by  night,  by  the  way  of  the 
king's  garden,  by  the  gate  betwixt  the  two  walls  :  and  he  went  out  the  way  of  the  plain. 
*  But  the  Chaldeans'  army  pursued  after  them,  and  overtook  Zedekiah  in  the  plains  of 
Jericho :  and  when  they  had  taken  him,  they  brought  him  up   to  Nebuchadnezzar  king 

*  Heb.  spake  with  of  Babylon  to  Riblah  in  the  land  of  Hamath,  where  he  *gave  judgment  upon  him.  ^  Then 
the  king  of  Babylon  slew  the  sons  of  Zedekiah  in  Riblah  before  his  eyes  :  also  the  kingof 
Babylon  slew  all  the  nobles  of  Judah.  ''  Moreover  he  put  out  Zedekiah's  eyes,  and  bound 

t  Iloh.  with  tito      him  twith  chains,  to  carry  him  to  Babylon. 

^  And  the  Chaldeans  burned  the  king's  house,  and  the  houses  of  the  people,  with  fire, 

and  brake  down  the  walls  of  Jerusalem.  *  Then  Nebuzar-adan  the  tcaptain  of  the  guard 

carried  away  captive  into  Babylon  the  remnant  of  the  people  that  remained   in  the  city, 

and  those  that  fell  away,  that  fell  to  him,  with  the  rest  of  the  people  that  remained. 

slaui^hiermen:  Jkremiah  lii.  4. — And  it  came  to  pass  in  the   ninth  year  of  his  reign,  in  the    tenth 

&.C.  see  Go.  '37.    month,  in  the  tenth  day  of  the  month,  that  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon  came,  he  and 

^'  all  his  army,  against  Jerusalem,  and  pitched  against  it,  and  built  forts  against  it  round 

about. 


Je.  4. 12. 


brazen  chain 
fetters. 

t  Or,  chief  mar- 
shal.  Heb. 
chirfiflhi:  cze- 
culiiineri,  or. 


Part  I.] 


PSALMS  COMPOSED  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


941 


PS.   LXXIX. 


♦  Or,  for  Asaph. 
a  Ex.  15.  17. 


J  2  Ki.  2.5.9,  10. 

2Ch.36.  19. 

Mic.  3.  12. 
c  Je.  7.  33. 


dJe.  14.  16.  Re. 
11.9. 


/Is.  45.  4,5. 
SThes.  1.8. 


f  Or,  the  iniqui- 
ties of  them  that 
toere  before  us. 


*  Hel).  thine  arm. 
■f  Hub.  reserve 

the  children  vf 

death. 


*  Or,  ./?  Psa'm 
for  Asaph  to 
give  instruction 

a.le.  31.  37.  & 
33.24. 


Section     XX. — Psalms   composed  by   the  Jcics   during  their  Captivity  at 

Babylon. 

PSALM  LXXIX.(20) 

Tlte  psalmist  complaineth  of  the  desolation  oj  Jerusalem.     8  He  prayetk  for  deliverance, 

\3  and  promiseth   thankfulness. 

A  Psalm  *of  Asaph. 

^  O  God,  "the  heathen  are  come  into  thine  inheritance  ; 

Thy  holy  temple  have  they  defiled  ; 

They  'have  laid  Jerusalem  on  heaps. 
^  The  'dead  bodies  of  thy  servants  have  they  given 

To  be  meat  unto  the  fowls  of  the  heaven, 

The  flesh  of  thy  saints 

Unto  the  beasts  of  the  earth. 
^  Their  blood  have  they  shed  like  water  round  about  Jerusalem  ; 

And  ''there  was  none  to  bury  them. 
^  We  are  become  a  reproach  to  our  neighbours, 

A  scorn  and  derision  to  them  that  are  round  about  us. 
^  How  long,  Lord  ?  wilt  thou  be  angry  for  ever  ? 

Shall  thy  jealousy  burn  like  fire  ? 
^  Pour  'out  thy  wrath  upon  the  heathen  that  have  ^not  known  thee, 

And  upon  the  kingdoms  that  have  not  called  upon  thy  name. 
'  For  they  have  devoured  Jacob, 

And  laid  waste  his  dwelling-place. 

^  O  remember  not  against  us  tformer  iniquities: 

Let  thy  tender  mercies  speedily  prevent  us ; 

For  we  are  brought  very  low. 
^  Help  us,  O  God  of  our  salvation  ! 

For  the  glory  of  thy  name : 

And  deliver  us,  and  purge  away  our  sins, 

For  thy  name's  sake. 
^'^  Wherefore  should  the  heathen  say,  Where  is  their  God  ? 

Let  him  be  known  among  the  heathen  in  our  sight 

By  the  Irevenging  of  the  blood  of  thy  servants  which  is  shed. 
^^  Let  the  sighing  of  the  prisoner  come  before  thee  ; 

According  to  the  greatness  of  *thy  power 

tPreserve  thou  those  that  are  appointed  to  die  ; 
'-  And  render  unto  our  neighbours  sevenfold  into  their  bosom 

Their  reproach,  wherewith  they  have  reproached  thee,  O  Lord  ! 
^^  So  we  thy  people  and  sheep  of  thy  pasture 

Will  give  thee  thanks  for  ever  : 

We  will  show  forth  thy  praise  tto  all  generations. 

PSALM    LXXIV. 

The  prophet  complaineth  of  the  desolation  of  the  sanctuary.     10  He  moveth  Gud  to  help  in  considera- 
tion of  his  power,  18  of  his  reproachful  enemies,  of  his  children,  and  of  his  covenant. 
*Maschil  of  Asaph. 

^  O  God,  why  hast  thou  "cast  us  off  for  ever  ? 


(-")  Psalm  Lxxix. — In  this  Psalm  Asaph  complains 
that  the  Babylonians  had  destroyed  the  city  and 
temple  at  Jerusalem,  and  beseeches  God  to  be 
reconciled  to  his  people,  and  to  punish  the  blas- 
phemies and  cruelties  of  their  idolatrous  enemies. 
—Green  ;  Dr.  Wells. 

Psalm  Ixxiv. — This  Psalm  was  occasioned  by  the 
desolation  of  Jerusalem  and  the  temple,  and  the 
rest  of  the  country  of  Judsa,  made  by  Nebuchad- 
nezzar, or  the  Babylonish  forces. — Vide  ver.  5-7  ; 
Dr.  Wells  ;  Pole's  Synopsis  ;  and  others. 

Psalm  Ixxxiii. — In  this  Psalm  are  enumerated 
the  various  nations  who  were  leagued  against  Jeru- 
salem, at  the  time  it  was  written.  In  the  eighth 
verse,  Assur  or  Assyria  is  mentioned  among  them. 
This  fixes  the  date  of  the  composition  of  the  Psalm 
VOL.    I. 


to  the  latter  period  of  the  Jewish  monarcliy,  and  as 
all  the  surrounding  tribes  were,  about  the  time  of 
Zedekiah  and  his  immediate  predecessor,  united 
against  Jerusalem,  it  was  most  probably  written 
about  this  time. — Dr.  Wall. 

Psalm  xciv. — This  Psalm  is  enumerated  by  Dr. 
Gray,  from  Calmet,  among  those  which  were  writ- 
ten during  some  of  the  captivities  and  distresses  of 
the  Church.  Its  precise  date  is  not  known.  It  is 
not  improbable  that  it  was  written  on  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  city  and  temple.  On  comparing  the  fifth 
verse  with  the  fourteenth,  it  appears  that  it  was  writ- 
ten to  console  tlie  Church  of  God  in  its  distress ; 
and  that  distress  was  apparently  a  total  ruin  of  the 
Church,  which  God  however  would  not  cast  off, 
neither  would  he  forsake  his  inheritance. 
4  A* 


942 


PSALMS  COMPOSED  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.       [Period  VII. 


t  Or,  tribe.  De. 
32.  9.  Je.  10.  16. 


c  La.  2.  7. 
d  Da.  6.  27. 


X  Heb.  Tliey  luivc 
sent  thy  saiictu- 
ani  inio  Uiefire. 
2Ki.  25.  9. 

*  Heb.  breaJ!. 


t  Or,  whales, 
la.  51.  9,  10. 


/•Ex.17.  5,  fi. 

Nu.  20.  11. 
g  Jo9.  3.  13,  &c. 
»  Heb.  rivers  of 

streitfftlt. 
AGe.  1.  14,  &c. 
i  Ac.  17.  26. 
jGe.8.  22. 
t  Heb.  made 

them, 
k  Re.  16.  19. 


PS.  Lxxxiir. 


Or,/or  .^saph. 


oPj.  2.  1.  Actfl 
4.25. 


Why  doth  thine  anger  smoke  against  the  sheep  of  thy  pasture  ? 
-  Remember  thy  congregation,  Svhich  thou  hast  purchased  of  old ; 

The  irod  of  thine  inheritance,  whicli  thou  hast  redeemed  ; 

This' Mount  Zion,  vvlierein  tliou  hast  dweh. 
^  Lift  up  thy  feet  unto  the  perpetual  desolations  ; 

Even  all  that  the  enemy  hath  done  wickedly  in  the  sanctuary. 
"^  Thine  'enemies  roar  in  the  midst  of  thy  congregations  ; 

They  ''set  up  their  ensigns  for  signs. 
^  A  man  was  famous  according  as  he  had  lifted  up 

Axes  upon  the  thick  trees. 
^  But  now  they  break  down  the  carved  work  thereof  at  once 

With  axes  and  hammers. 
■^  IThey  have  cast  fire  into  thy  sanctuary, 

They  have  defiled  by  casting  down  the  dwelling-place  of  thy  Name 
to  the  ground. 
^  They  said  in  their  hearts,  Let  us  *destroy  them  together  : 

They  have  burned  up  all  the  synagogues  of  God  in  the  land. 
^  AVe  see  not  our  signs  : 

There  is  no  more  any  prophet: 

Neither  is  there  among  us  any  tliat  knoweth  how  long. 
'''  O  God,  how  long  shall  the  adversary  reproach  ? 

Shall  the  enemy  blaspheme  thy  name  for  ever  ? 
^^  W^liy  Svitlidrawest  thou  thy  hand,  even  thy  right  hand? 

Pluck  it  out  of  thy  bosom. 
^-  For  God  is  my  King  of  old, 

Working  salvation  in  the  midst  of  the  earth. 
^^  Thou  didst  tdivide  the  sea  by  thy  strength  : 

Thou  brakest  the  heads  of  the  tdragons  in  the  waters. 
^■^  Thou  brakest  the  heads  of  leviathan  in  pieces, 

And  gavest  him  to  be  meat  to  the  people  inhabiting  the  wilderness. 
^^  Thou  ^didst  cleave  the  fountain  and  the  flood  : 

Thou  ^driedst  up  "mighty  rivers. 
^^  The  day  is  thine,  the  night  also  is  thine  : 

Thou  'hast  prepared  tlie  light  and  the  sun. 
'^  Thou  hast  'set  all  tlie  borders  of  the  earth  : 

Tliou  ^hast  tmade  suunner  and  winter. 
'®  Remember  *this,  that  the  enemy  hath  reproached,  O  Lord  I 

And  ihat  the  foolish  people  have  blasphemed  thy  name. 
^^  O  deliver  not  the  soul  of  thy  turtledove  unto  the  multitude  of  the 

Forget  not  the  congregation  of  thy  poor  for  ever.  [wicked  : 

-*^  Have  'respect  unto  the  covenant : 

For  the  dark  places  of  the  earth  are  full  of  the  habitations  of  cruelty. 
^^  O  let  not  the  o[)pressed  return  ashamed  : 

Let  the  poor  and  needy  [)raise  thy  name. 
^^  Arise,  O  God,  plead  thine  own  cause  : 

Remember  how  the  foolish  man  reproacheth  thee  daily. 
-•'  Forg(;t  not  the  voice  of  thine  enemies: 

The  tumult  of  those  that  rise  up  against  thee  tincreaseth  continually. 

PSALM    LXXXIIl. 

A  compliiinl  to  (Ind  of  the.  enemies'  conspiracies.     9  A  prayer  as^ainst  them  (hat  oppress  the  Church. 
A  Song-  or  Psalm  *of  Asa])h. 

'  Keep  not  thou  silence,  O  God  ! 

Hold  not  thy  peace,  and  be  not  still,  O  God  ! 
~  For,  lo  I   "thine  enemies  make  a  tumult : 

And  they  that  hate  thee  have  lifted  up  the  head. 
^  They  have  taken  crafty  counsel  against  thy  people, 

And  consulted  against  thy  hidden  ones. 


Part  L] 


PSALMS  COMPOSED  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


943 


b  See  Est.  3.  6,  9. 

Je.  11.  19.  &yi. 

31). 
t  Heb.  hearl. 


:See2Ch.  20.  1, 
10,  11. 


J  Heb.  been  an  arm 

to  th.e  duldren  of 

Lot. 
d  Nu.  31.  7.  Ju. 

7.  22. 
e  Ju.  4.  15,  24.  &. 

5.21. 

/Ju.  7.  25. 
^Ju.  8.  12,21. 


^  They  have  said,  "  Come,  and  'let  us  cut  them  off  from  being  a  nation  ; 

That  the  name  of  Israel  may  be  no  more  in  remembrance." 
^  For  they  have  consulted  together  with  one  tconsent : 

They  are  confederate  against  thee  : 
6  The  'tabernacles  of  Edom,  and  the  Ishmaelites ; 

Of  Moab,  and  the  Hagarenes  ; 
■''  Gebal,  and  Amnion,  and  Amalek  ; 

The  Philistines  with  the  inhabitants  of  Tyre; 
^  Assur  also  is  joined  with  them  : 

They  have  tholpen  the  cliildren  of  Lot.     Selah  ! 
^  Do  unto  them  as  unto  the  "Midianites  ; 

As  to  'Sisera,  as  to  Jabin,  at  the  brook  of  Kison : 
^•^  Which  perished  at  En-dor : 

They  became  as  dung  for  the  earth. 
1^  Make  their  nobles  like  -^Oreb,  and  like  Zeeb : 

Yea,  all  their  princes  as  'Zebah,  and  as  Zalmunna :   ^^who  said, — 

'•  Let  us  take  to  ourselves  the  houses  of  God  in  possession." 
^3  O  my  God,  make  them  like  a  wheel ; 

As  the  stubble  before  the  wind. 
^^  As  the  fire  burneth  a  wood. 

And  as  the  flame  setteth  the  mountains  on  fire  ; 
^^  So  persecute  them  with  thy  tempest, 

And  make  them  afraid  with  thy  storm. 
^^  Fill  their  faces  with  shame  ; 

That  they  may  seek  thy  name,  O  Lord  ! 
^''  Let  them  be  confounded  and  troubled  for  ever ; 

Yea,  let  them  be  put  to  shame,  and  perish  : 
^^  That  men  may  know  that  thou,  whose  ''name  alone  is  Jehovah, 

Art  the  Most  High  over  all  the  earth. 


*  Heb.  God  of  re- 
venges. De.  32. 
35.  Nab.  I.  2. 

t  Heb.  shine 
forth..  Ps.  80.  1. 

•  Ge.  18.  25. 


»Ex.  4.  11.  Pr. 
20.  12. 


e  Job  35.  11.1 

28.  2:1. 
d  1  Co.  3.  20. 


e  Jobo.  r 
3.  II.  1( 
32.  He. 


PSALM  XCIV. 

The  prophet,  calling  for  pistice,  complaineth  of  tyranny  and  impiety.     8  He  teacheth  God's  provi- 
dence.     12  He  shotueth  the  blessedness  of  affliction.     16  God  is  the  defender  of  the.  ajiicted. 

1  O  LoRO  *God,  to  whom  vengeance  belongeth  ; 
O  God,  to  whom  vengeance  belongeth,  tshow  thyself. 
^  Lift  up  thyself,  thou  "Judge  of  the  earth: 
Render  a  reward  to  the  proud. 

^  Lord,  how  long  shall  the  wicked. 
How  long  shall  the  wicked  triumph  ? 
*  How  long  shall  they  utter  and  speak  hard  things  ? 
And  all  the  workers  of  iniquity  boast  themselves  ? 
■'  They  break  in  pieces  thy  people,  O  Lord  ! 

And  afflict  thy  heritage. 
^  They  slay  the  widow  and  the  stranger, 

And  murder  the  fatherless. 
''  Yet  they  say,  "  The  Lord  shall  not  see, 
Neither  shall  the  God  of  Jacob  regard  it." 

^  Understand,  ye  brutish  among  the  people : 
And  ye  fools,  when  will  ye  be  wise  ? 
9  He  'that  planted  the  ear — shall  He  not  hear  ? 

He  that  formed  the  eye — shall  He  not  see  ? 
^°  He  that  chastiseth  the  heathen — shall  not  He  correct  ? 

He  that  'teacheth  man  knowledge — shall  not  He  know  7 
1'  The  ''Lord  knovveth  the  thoughts  of  man. 
That  they  are  vanity. 

^^  Blessed  'is  the  man  whom  thou  chastenest,  O  Lord  ! 
And  teachest  him  out  of  thy  law ; 


:  Hcb.  shall  be 
afler  it. 


Or,  quicklij. 


944  THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH.  [Period  VII. 

^^  That  thou  inayest  give  iiim  rest  from  the  days  of  adversity, 
Until  the  pit  be  digged  for  the  wicked. 
■^Ro^'ii'i,^:       ^"^  For  -'the  Lord  willnot  cast  oti'  his  people, 
Neither  will  he  forsake  his  inheritance. 
^^  But  judgment  shall  return  unto  righteousness  : 
And  all  the  upright  in  heart  tshall  follow  it. 

^^  Who  will  rise  up  for  me  against  the  evildoers  ? 
Or  who  will  stand  up  for  me  against  the  workers  of  iniquity  ? 
Unless  the  Lord  had  been  my  help, 
My  soul  had  ^almost  dwelt  in  silence. 
1^  When  I  said,  '•  iMy  foot  slippeth  ;  " 

Thy  mercy,  O  Lord,  lield  me  up. 
^^  In  the  multitude  of  my  thoughts  within  me 
Thy  comforts  delight  my  soul. 

-^  Shall  the  throne  of  iniquity  have  fellowship  with  Thee, 
Which  fiameth  mischief  by  a  law? 
fi-Mat. 27. 1.        21  1'\]^,y  "gather  themselves  together  against  the  soul  of  the  righteous, 
*i7.^i5.^' ^' ^''         ""^'^^  'condemn  the  innocent  blood. 
--  But  the  Lord  is  iny  defence  ; 

And  my  God  is  the  rock  of  my  refuge, 
'^"ta^iaf '"  ~"  "^  ^^^^^  "'ic  shall  bring  upon  thein  their  own  iniquity, 
And  shall  cut  them  otf  in  their  own  wickedness  ; 
Yea,  the  Lord  our  God  shall  cut  them  off. 

_U      ■  Section  XXL — Jeremiah  laments  the  Desolation  of  his  Country.'^^^ 

THE   LAMENTATIONS   OF  JEREMIAH. 

LAMENT.   I.  LAMENTATION    I. 

77ie  miserable  estate  of  Jeriisa/em  by  reason  of  her  sin.     12  She  complainet/i  of  her  grief,  18  and 
confesseth  God's  judgment  to  be  righteous. 

X   1  How  doth  the  city  sit  solitary,  that  was  full  of  people ! 

How  is  she  become  as  a  widow !  she  that  was  great  among  tiie  nations! 
And  princess  among  the  provinces,  how  is  she  become  tributary  ! 

(-')  That  Jert-miah  was  the  author  of  the  Elegies  This  book,  which  in  our  Bibles  is  divided  into 
or  Lamentations  which  bear  his  name  is  evident,     five  chapters,  consists  of  five  distinct  elegies,  viz. 

not  only  from  a  very  ancient  and  almost   uninter-  Elegv  I.     The  propliet  begins   with  lanientinfr 

nipted  tradition,  but  also  from   the  argument  and  the  sad  reverse  of  fortune  which  his  country 

style   of  the  book,  which  correspond  exactly  with  had  experienced,  confessinor  at  the  same   time 

those  of  his  prophecies.  that  all  her  miseries  were  the  just  consequences 

Josephus,  Jerome,  Junius,  Archbishop  Usher,  of  the  national  wickedness  and  rebellion  atrainst 
and  other  eminent  writers,  are  of  opinion  that  the  God.  In  the  midst  of  his  discourse.  Jerusalem 
Lamentations  of  Jeremiah  were  the  same  which  herself  is  personified,  and  introduced  to  con- 
are  mentioned  in  2  Chron.  xxxv.  2'^,  as  being  com-  tinue  the  complaint,  and  humbly  to  solicit  the 
posed  by  the  prophet  on  the  death  of  the  pious  King  divine  compassion.  Jahn  is  of  opinion,  that, 
Josiah,  and  which  are  there  said  to  have  been  per-  in  this  elegy,  Jeremiah  deplores  the  deporta- 
petuated  by  "  an  ordinance  in  Israel."  But,  what-  tion  of  King  Jehoiachin,  and  ten  thousand  of 
ever  may  have  become  of  those  Lamentations,  it  is  the  principal  Jews  to  Babylon.  Compare 
evident  that  these  cannot  possibly'  be  the  same  ;  for  2  Kings  xxiv.  S-17,  and  2  Chron.  xxxvi.  9. 10. 
their  whole  tenor  plainly  shows  that  they  were  Elegv  II.  Jeremiah  portrays  the  dire  effects 
not  composed  till  afler  the  subversion  of  the  king-  of  the  divine  anger  in  the"  subversion  of  the 
dom  of  Judah.  The  calamities,  which  Jeremiah  civil  and  religious  constitution  of  the  Jews, 
had  foretold  in  his  prophecies,  are  here  deplored  as  and  in  that  extreme  miserv  in  which  every 
having  actually  taken  place,  viz.  the  impositions  class  of  individuals  was  involved.  He  rcpre- 
of  the  false  prophets  who  had  seduced  the  people  sents  the  wretchedness  of  his  country  as  un- 
by  their  lying  declarations,  the  destruction  of  the  paralleled  ;  andcharjres  the  false  prophets  with 
holy  city  and  temple,  the  overthrow  of  the  state,  havinsr  betrayed  lur  into  ruin  bv  their  false 
and  the  extermination  of  the  people.  But  though  and  fl:itterin<V  suggestions.  In  tiji's  forlorn  and 
it  be  allowed  that  the  Lamentations  were  primarily  desolate  condition^he  astonishment  and  by- 
intended  as  a  pathetic  description  of  present  calani-  word  of  all  who  see  her — Jerusalem  is  directed 
itics,  yet  it  has  with  great  probability  been  conjee-  earnestly  to  implore  the  removal  of  those  heavy 
lured,  that,  while  Jeremiah  mourns  "the  desolation  jud<rincnts.  which  God,  in  the  height  of  his 
of  Judah  and  Jerusalem,  he  may  be  considered  as  "displeasure,  had  inflicted  upon  her.  Jahn 
prophetically  painting  the  still  greater  miseries  they  thinks,  that  this  elejy  was  composed  on  the 
were  to  suffer  at  some  future  time  ;  and  this  seems  storming  of  Jerusalem  bv  the  Babylonian 
plainly  indicated  by  his  referring  to  the  time  when  army. 

the  punishrne  t  of  their  iniquity  shall  be   accom-  Elkov  HI.     The  prophet,  by  describing  his  own 

plished,  and    they  shall  no  more   be  carried  into  severe  afflictions,  and  showing  his  trust  in  the 

captivity,  (iv.  22.)"  inexhaustible  mercies  of  God"^  encourages  his 

♦  Bishop  Tomlinc's  F.lcmenL^'  nf  Ckriatian  Thcolo^j,  vol,  i.  pp.  IIO,  113. 


Part  I.] 


THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH. 


945 


*  Ileb.  for  tlie 
greatness  of 
'serviUide. 


e  De.  28.  43,  44. 


3    2  She  weepeth  sore  in  the  niglit,  and  her  tears  are  on  her  cheeks  : 
Amonff  all  her  lovers  she  hath  none  to  comfort  her  : 
All  her  friends  have  dealt  treacheronsly  with  her,  they  are  become  her 
enemies. 

J    3judivh  is  gone  into  captivity  because  of  affliction,  and*because  of  great 
She  ''dvvelleth  among  the  heathen,  she  hndeth  no  rest  :  [servitude  . 

All  her  persecutors  overtook  her  between  the  straits. 

n    "*  The  ways  of  Zion  do  mourn,  because  none  come  to  the  solemn  feasts: 
All  her  gates  are  desolate  :  her  priests  sigh. 
Her  virgins  are  afflicted,  and  she  is  in  bitterness. 

n    ^  Her  adversaries  "are  the  chief,  her  enemies  prosper ; 

For  the  Lord  hath  afflicted  her  for  the  multitude  of  her  transgressions: 
Her  children  are  gone  into  captivity  before  the  enemy. 

1    ''And  from  the  daughter  of  Zion  all  her  beauty  is  departed  : 
Her  princes  are  become  like  harts  that  find  no  pasture, 
And  they  are  gone  without  strength  before  the  pursuer. 

T    ^7  Jerusalem  remembered  in  the  days  of  her  affliction  and  of  her  miseries 
\  Or,  desirable,  AH  her  tplcasaut  things  that  she  had  in  the  days  of  old, 

""'  ^°"  When  her  people  fell  into  the  hand  of  the  enemy,  and  none  did  help  her  : 

The  adversaries  saw  her,  and  did  mock  at  her  Sabbaths. 

X  Heb.  is  become     H    ^  Jerusalem  hath  grievously  sinned  ;  therefore  she  |is  removed  : 
wand"n,"f.'  "''  ^1'  ^^^^  houored  her  despise  her,  because  they  have  seen  her  nakedness  : 

Yea,  she  sigheth,  and  turneth  backward. 

a    "^  Her  filthiness  is  in  her  skirts  ;  she  rcmembereth  not  her  last  end; 
Therefore  she  came  down  wonderfully:  she  had  no  comforter. 
O  Lord  !  behold  my  affliction ;  for  the  enemy  hath  magnified  himself. 


people  to  be  patient  and  resigned  under  the 
divine  chastisements,  and  to  trust  in  iJie  never- 
failing  mercy  of  Jehovah.  }Io  asserts  the  di- 
vine supremacy  in  the  dispensations  of  good 
and  evil,  and  shows  the  unreasonableness  of 
murmuring  under  them.  He  recommends 
self-examination  and  repentance ;  and,  from 
their  past  experience  of  former  deliverances 
from  God,  he  encourages  them  to  look  for  par- 
don for  their  sins,  and  retribution  to  their 
enemies. 

Elegy  IV.  exhibits  a  striking  contrast,  in  vari- 
ous affecting  instances,  between  the  present 
deplorable  and  wretched  condition  of  his  coun- 
try, and  her  former  state  of  prosperity  ;  and 
ascribes  the  unhappy  change  chiefly  to  the 
profligacy  of  its  priests  and  prophets.  The 
national  calamities  are  deeply  and  tenderly  la- 
mented, especially  the  captivity  of  their  sove- 
reign Zedekiah.  This  elegy  concludes  with 
predicting  the  judgments  that  were  impending 
over  the  Edomites,  who  had  insulted  the  Jews 
in  their  distress. 

Elegy  V.  is  an  e))ilogue  or  conclusion  to  the 
preceding  chapters  or  elegies.  In  the  Syriac, 
Arabic,  and  Vulgate  versions,  this  chapter  is 
entitled  The  Praver  of  Jf.remiah;  but  no 
such  title  appears  in  the  Hebrew  copies,  or  in 
the  Septuagint  version.  It  is  rather,  as  Dr. 
Blayney  has  remarked,  a  memorial,  represent- 
ing, in  the  name  of  the  whole  body  of  Jewish 
exiles,  the  numerous  calamities  under  which 
they  groaned;  and  humbly  supplicating  God 
to  commiserate  their  wretchedness,  and  to  re- 
store them  to  his  favor  and  to  their  ancient 
prosperity. 

The  Lamentations  are  evidently  written  in  me- 
tre, and  contain  a  number  of  plaintive  effusions 
composed  afler  the  manner  of  funeral  diro-es.  Bish- 
VOL.    I.  119 


op  Lowth  is  of  opinion,  that  they  were  orig 
written  by  the  prophet,  as  they  arose  in  his  mind, 
as  a  long  course  of  separate  stanzas,  and  that  they 
were  subsefjuenlly  collected  into  one  poem.  Each 
elegy  consists  of  twenty-two  periods,  according  to 
the  number  of  letters  in  the  Hebrew  alphabet ;  al- 
though it  is  in  tlie  first  four  Lamentations  only  that 
the  s7?veral  periods  begin  (after  the  manner  of  an 
acrostic)  with  the  different  letters  following  each 
other  in  alphabetical  order.  By  this  contrivance, 
the  metre  is  more  precisely  marked  and  ascertained, 
particularly  in  the  third  Lamentation,  where  each 
period  contains  tliree  verses,  all  having  the  same 
initial  letter.  The  First  and  Second  Lamentations 
in  like  manner,  consist  of  triplets,  excepting  only 
the  seventh  period  of  the  first  and  the  nineteentifi 
of  the  second,  each  of  which  has  a  supernumerary 
line.  The  fiurth  Lamentatiim  resembles  the  tine'e 
former  in  metre,  but  the  periods  are  only  couplets  ; 
and  in  the  fifth  the  periods  are  couplets,  though  of  a 
considerably  shorter  measure,  and  arc  not  acrostic. 
Altliougli  tliere  is  no  artificial  or  methodical  ar- 
rangement of  the  subject  in  these  incomparable 
elegies,  yet  they  are  totally  free  from  wild  incohe- 
rency  or  abrupt  transition.  Never,  perhaps,  was 
there  a  greater  variety  of  beautiful,  tender,  and 
pathetic  images,  all  expressive  of  the  deepest  dis- 
tress and  sorrow,  more  happily  chosen  and  applied 
than  in  the  Lamentations  of  this  prophet;  nor  can 
we  too  much  admire  the  full  and  graceful  flow 
of  that  pathetic  elo(]uence,  in  which  the  author 
pours  forth  tlie  effusions  of  a  pntriot  heart,  and 
piously  weeps  over  the  ruin  of  his  venerable  coun- 
try.*— Vide  Home's  Critical  Introduction,  from 
which  this  note  is  extracted. 

*  nr.  Blnvnpy's  Jcrrmiah,  pp.  AATi,  ct  spq.  Bisliop  T.nwth's 
L"rtMr  s  nii'mbrem  Poitry,  Icct,  xxii.  in  fine.  .lalni,  riilrml.  «d 
Vi't.  Fad.  pp.  11.")- 117.  riiri>zov.  Iiitrvd,  nd  Lbros  Biblicoa, 
p.ars  iii   cap.  iv.  pp.  177-197. 


946 


THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH. 


[Period  VH. 


'  Or,  deairabU. 


i  Dc.  23.  3.  Ne. 
13.1. 


t  Or,  to  make  the 
soul  to  come 
again. 

X  Or,  It  is  noth- 
ing. 

*  Heb.  pass  by 
the  way  ? 


/Is.  03.  3.  Re.  14. 
19,  21).  &.  19.  15. 

t  Or,  tke  wine- 
press of  tlte  vir- 
gin, Ifc. 

X  Heb.  bring  back. 


'  1**  The  adversary  hath  spread  out  his  hand  upon  all  her  *pleasant  things  i 
For  she  hath  seen  that  the  heathen  entered  into  her  sanctuary, 
Whom  thou  didst  command  that  ''they  should  not  enter  into  thy  con- 
gregation. 

2  ^1  All  her  people  sigh,  they  seek  bread  ; 

They  have  given  their  pleasant  things  for  meat  tto  relieve  the  soul ; 
See,  O  Lord,  and  consider  ;   for  I  am  become  vile. 

b  I'^tls  it  nothing  to  you,  all  ye  that  *pass  by  ? 

Behold,  and  see  if  there  be  any  sorrow  like  unto  my  sorrow,  which  is 

done  unto  me, 
Wherewith  the  Lord  hath  afflicted  me  in  the  day  of  his  fierce  anger. 

O  13  From  above  hath  he  sent  fire   into  my  bones,  and  it  prevaileth  against 
He  hath  spread  a  net  for  my  feet,  he  hath  turned  me  back  :  [them ; 

He  hath  made  me  desolate  and  faint  all  the  day. 

J  1'  The  *yoke  of  my  transgressions  is  bound  by  his  hand :  they  are  wreathed. 
And  come  up  upon  my  neck  :  he  hath  made  my  strength  to  fall. 
The  Lord  hath  delivered  me  into  their  hands,  from  whom  I  am  not 
able  to  rise  up. 

0  i-'>The  Lord   hath   trodden  under   foot  all  my  mighty  men  in  the  midst 

of  me : 
He  hath  called  an  assembly  against  me  to  crush  my  young  men : 
The  -^LoRD  hath  trodden  tthe  virgin,  the  daughter  of  Judah,  as  in  a 

winepress. 

y  I''  por  these  things  I  weep  ;  mine  eye,  mine  eye  runneth  down  with  water. 
Because  the  comforter  that  should  jrelieve  my  soul  is  far  from  me : 
My  children  are  desolate,  because  the  enemy  prevailed. 

S  1'  Zion  spreadeth  forth  her  hands,  and  there  is  none  to  comfort  her : 

The  Lord  hath  commanded  concerning  Jacob,  that  his  adversaries  should 

be  round  about  him  : 
Jerusalem  is  as  a  menstruous  woman  among  them. 

V  18  The  Lord  is  righteous  ;  for  I  have  rebelled  against  his  *commandment : 
Hear,  I  pray  you,  all  people,  and  behold  my  sorrow  : 
My  virgins  and  my  young  men  are  gone  into  captivity. 

p  19 1  called  for  my  lovers — but  they  deceived  me  : 

My  priests  and  mine  elders  gave  up  the  ghost  in  the  city, 
While  they  sought  their  meat  to  relieve  their  souls. 

"I  20  Behold,  O  Lord  ;  for  I  ain  in  distress  :  my  bowels  are  troubled  ; 
My  heart  is  turned  within  me ;  for  I  have  grievously  rebelled : 
Abroad  "the  sword  bercaveth — at  home  there  is  as  death! 


f  Or,  proclaimed. 


•^  21  They  have  heard  that  I  sigh  :  there  is  none  to  comfort  me  : 

All  mine  enemies  have  heard  of  my  trouble  ;  they  are  glad  that  thou  hast 

done  it : 
Thou  wilt  bring  the  day  that  thou  hast  fcalled.  and  they  shall  be  like 

unto  me. 


n  22  Let  all  their  wickedness  come  before  thee  ; 

And  do  unto  them,  as  thou  hast  done  unto  me  for  all  my  transgressions: 
For  my  sighs  are  many,  and  my  heart  is  faint. 

LAME.VT.    II.  LAMENTATION    II. 

Jeremiah  lanmileth  the  miserij  of  Jerusalem.     20  He  complaincth  thereof  to  God 

N   1  How  hath  the  Lord  covered  the  Daughter  of  Zion  with  a  cloud  in  his 


And  "cast  down  from  heaven  unto  the  earth  the  beauty  of  Israel, 
And  remembered  not  his  footstool  in  the  day  of  his  anger ! 


Part  I.] 


THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH. 


947 


f  Heb.  all  the  de- 
sirable of  die  eye. 


X  Or,  hedge. 


*  Heb.  shut  -up. 


t  Hab.  sicaUomng 
up. 


b  De.  28.  36. 
2  Ki.  24.  15. 
e  2  Ch.  15.  3. 


X  Or, /dint. 


a  Jer.  2.  8.  &  5. 

31.  &14.  14.  & 
23.  16.  He  27.  14. 
&29.8,  9.  Ez. 
13.2. 

»  Heb.  by  the 


3  2  The  Lord  hath  swallowed  up  all  the  habitations  of  Jacob,  and  hath  not 
pitied  : 

He  hath  thrown  down  in  his  wrath  the  strong-holds  of  the  daughter  of 
Judah ; 

He  hath  *brought  them  down  to  the  ground  :  he  hath  polluted  the  king- 
dom and  the  princes  thereof. 

i   3  He  hath  cut  off  in  his  fierce  anger  all  the  horn  of  Israel : 
He  hath  drawn  back  his  right  hand  from  before  the  enemy. 
And  he  burned  against  Jacob  like  a  flaming  fire,  which  devoureth  round 
about. 

n   •*  He  hath  bent  his  bow  like  an  enemy :  he  stood  with  his  right  hand  as 
an  adversary, 
And  slew  tall  that  were  pleasant  to  the  eye  in   the  tabernacle  of  the 
He  poured  out  his  fury  like  fire.  [Daughter  of  Zion  : 

n  5  The  Lord  was  as  an  enemy  :  he  hath  swallowed  up  Israel, 

He  hath  swallowed  up  all  her  palaces  :  he  hath  destroyed  his  strong-holds, 
And  hath  increased  in  the  Daughter  of  Judah  mourning  and  lamentation. 

1   6  And  he  hath  violently  taken  away  his  ttabernacle,  as  if  it  were  of  a  garden  : 
He  hath  destroyed  his  places  of  the  assembly  : 
The  Lord  hath  caused  the  solemn  feasts  and  Sabbaths  to  be  forgotten 

in  Zion, 
And  hath  despised  in  the  indignation  of  his  anger  the  king  and  the  priest. 

T   7  The  Lord  hath  cast  off  his  altar,  he  hath  abhorred  his  sanctuary. 

He  hath  *given  up  into  the  hand  of  the  enemy  the  walls  of  her  palaces; 
They  have  made  a  noise  in  the  house  of  the  Lord,  as  in  the  day  of  a 
solemn  feast. 

n   8  The  Lord  hath  purposed  to  destroy  the  wall  of  the  Daughter  of  Zion ; 
He  hath  stretched  out  a  line,  he   hath  not  withdrawn  his  hand  from 

tdestroying : 
Therefore  he  made  the  rampart  and  the  wall  to  lament — they  languished 

together. 

0  9  Her  gates  are  sunk  into  the  ground  :  he  hath  destroyed  and  broken  her 
Her  ''king  and  her  princes  are  among  the  Gentiles :  [bars  : 

The  ""Law  is  no  more ;  her  prophets  also  find  no  vision  from  the  Lord. 

■•  10  The  elders  of  the  Daughter  of  Zion  sit  upon  the  ground,  and  keep 
silence  : 
They  have  cast  up  dust  upon  their  heads ;  they  have  girded  themselves 

with  sackcloth : 
The  virgins  of  Jerusalem  hang  down  their  heads  to  the  ground. 

3  11  Mine  eyes  do  fail  with  tears,  my  bowels  are  troubled,  my  liver  is  poured 
For  the  destruction  of  the  daughter  of  my  people  ;  [upon  the  earth, 

Because  the  children  and  the  sucklings  tswoon  in  the  streets  of  the  city. 

^  12 They  say  to  their  mothers,  "  Where  is  corn  and  wine?" 

When  tliey  swooned  as  the  wounded  in  the  streets  of  the  city. 
When  their  soul  was  poured  out  into  their  mother's  bosom. 

73  13  What  thing  shall  I  take  to  witness  for  thee  1  what  thing  shall  I  liken  to 
thee,  O  Daughter  of  Jerusalem  ? 
What  shall  I  equal  to  thee,  that  I  may  comfort  thee,  O  virgin  Daughter 
For  thy  breach  is  great  like  the  sea — who  can  heal  thee  ?       [of  Zion  ? 

3  14  Thy  "^Prophets  have  seen  vain  and  foolish  things  for  thee  : 

And  they  have  not  discovered  thine  iniquity,  to  turn  away  thy  captivity; 
But  have  seen  for  thee  false  burdens  and  causes  of  banishment. 

D  15  All  that  pass  *by  clap  their  hands  at  thee  ; 

They  hiss  and  wag  their  head  at  the  daughter  of  Jerusalem,  saying, 
"  Is  this  the  city  that  men  call  '  The  perfection  of  beauty,'  '  The  joy  of 
the  whole  earth  ?  '  " 


948 


THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH.         [Period  VII 


d  he.  26.  16,  &.0 
De.  28. 15,  &.C. 


e  Lfl.  26.  29.  De. 

2d.  53.  Jo.  19.  9. 

Ez.  5.  10. 
t  Or,  sioaildled 

Willi  llieir  hands. 
f  2  Cll.  36.  17. 


LAMENT.   III. 


V  16  All  thine  enemies  have  opened  their  mouth  against  thee  : 

They  hiss  and  gnash  the  teeth  :  they  say,  "  We  have  swallowed  her  up  :  " 
Certainly  this   is  the  day  that  we  looked  for — we  have  found,  we  have 
seen  it. 

£3  1"  The  Lord  hath  done  that  which  he  had  ''devised  ;  he  hath  fulfilled  his 
word  that  he  had  commanded  in  the  days  of  old  : 

He  hath  thrown  down,  and  hath  not  pitied :  and  he  hath  caused  thine 
enemy  to  rejoice  over  thee, 

He  hath  set  up  the  horn  of  thine  adversaries. 

X  18  Their  heart  cried  unto  the  Lord,  O  wall  of  the  Daughter  of  Z ion  ! 
Let  tears  run  down  like  a  river  day  and  night  : 
Give  thyself  no  rest ;  let  not  the  apple  of  thine  eye  cease. 

p  19  Arise,  cry  out  in  the  night ;  in  the  beginning  of  the  watches 
Pour  out  thy  heart  like  water  before  the  face  of  the  Lord  : 
Lift  up  thy  hands  toward  him  for  the  life  of  thy  young  children, 
That  faint  for  hunger  in  the  top  of  every  street. 

1  20  Behold,  O  Lord,  and  consider  to  whom  thou  hast  done  this. 
Shall  "the  women  eat  their  fruit,  and  children  tof  a  span  long! 
Shall  the  priest  and  the  prophet  be  slain  in  the  sanctuary  of  the  Lord  ? 

\S  21  The  ■''young  and  the  old  lie  on  the  ground  in  the  streets : 
My  virgins  and  my  young  men  are  fallen  by  the  sword  ; 
Thou  hast  slain  them  in  the  day  of  thine  anger ;  thou  hast  killed,  and 
not  pitied. 

n  ^-Thou  hast  called  as  in  a  solemn  day  my  terrors  round  about, 

So  that  in  the  day  of  the  Lord's  anger  none  escaped  or  remained : 
Those  that  I  have  swaddled  and  brought  up  hath  mine  enemy  consumed. 

LAMENTATION     111. 

Tke  fiiUhfid  bewail  their  calamilie.i.     '23.  By  the  mercies  of  God  they  iiourish  their  hope.     37  They 
(icknowledge  God's  Justice,     bb  Tlieij  pray  for  deliverance,  G4  and  vengeance  on  their  enendes. 

K  1 1  am  the  man  that  hath  seen  affliction  by  the  rod  of  his  wrath : 

X  2  He  hath  led  me,  and  brought  me  into  darkness,  but  not  into  light : 

N   3  Surely  against  me  is  he  turned  ;  he  turneth  his  hand  against  me  all  the  day. 

3  "^  My  flesh  and  my  skin  hath  he  made  old ;  he  hath  broken  my  bones : 
3   ^He  hath  builded  against  me,  and  compassed  me  with  gall  and  travail: 
3   ^He  hath  set  me  in  dark  places,  as  they  that  be  dead  of  old. 

J   "^  He  hath  hedged  me  about,  that  I  cannot  get  out ;    he   hath   made  my 

chain  heavy : 
J    8  Also  when  I  cry  and  shout,  he  shutteth  out  my  prayer  : 
J   9  He  hath  enclosed  my  ways  with   hewn   stone,  he   hath   made   my  paths 

crooked. 

T  1°  He  was  unto  me  as  a  bear  lying  in  wait,  and  as  a  lion  in  secret  places : 
T  11  He  hath  turned  aside  my  ways,  and  pulled  me  in  pieces :  he  hath  made 

me  desolate  : 
T  1-  lie  hath  bent  his  bow,  and  set  me  as  a  mark  for  the  arrow. 


t  Heb.  billerncss- 


Heb.  good. 


t  Or,  Remnmber. 
I  Heb.  bowed. 
*  Heb.  make  to 

return  to  my 

heart. 


n  13  He  hath  caused  the  *arrows  of  his  quiver  to  enter  into  my  reins: 
n  1'  I  was  a  derision  to  all  my  people ;   and  their  song  all  the  day  : 
ni'He  hatli   filled   me   with  tbitterness,    he   liath    made   me   drunken  with 
wormwood. 

1  "*  He  hath  also  broken  my  teeth  with  gravel  stones,  he  hath  ^covered   me 

with  ashes : 
1  1^  And  thou  ha.st  removed  my  soul  far  ofi"  from  peace  :  I  forgat  *prosperity  : 
1  1^  And  I  said,  "  My  strength  and  my  hope  is  perished  from  the  Lord  : " 

T  19  tRemembering  mine  affliction  and  my  misery, the  wormwood  and  the  gall : 
I  20l\ly  soul  hath  them  still  in  remembrance,  and  is  Jhumbled  in  me: 
T  21  This  I  *recall  to  my  mind,  therefore  have  I  hope. 


Part  I.j 


THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH. 


949 


a  Ps.  130.  6.  Is. 
3U.  18.  Mic.  7.  7. 


b  Is.  50.  6.  Mat. 
5.39. 


e  Ez.  33.  11.  He. 

1-2.  10. 
f  Heb.  from  liis 

heart. 

J  Or,  a  superior. 
*  Or,  seeth  not. 


e  Pr.  19.  3. 
f  Or,  murmur. 
Mic.  7.  9. 


/ICo.  4.  13. 


\  Heb.  soul. 
*  Or,  mijTC  than 
all. 


n  "~It  is  of  the  Lord's  mercies  that  we  are  not  consumed,  because  his  com- 
passions fail  not ; 
n  23Xhey  are  new  every  morning — great  is  thy  faithfulness! 
n  24  The  Lord  is  my  portion,  saith  my  soul  ;  therefore  will  I  hope  in  him. 

Q  25  The  Lord  is  good  unto  them  that  "wait  for  him,to  the  soul  that  seeketh  him: 
a  26  It  is  good  that  a  man  should  both  hope  and  quietly  wait   for   the   salva- 
tion of  the  Lord  : 
D  27  It  is  good  for  a  man  that  he  bear  the  yoke  in  his  youth. 

■•  28  He  sitteth  alone  and  keepeth  silence,  because  he  hath  borne  it  upon  him  : 

"■  29  He  putteth  his  mouth  in  the  dust ;  if  so  be  there  may  be  hope  : 

'  30  He  'giveth  his  cheek  to  him  that  smiteth  him ;  he  is  filled  full  with  reproach. 

3  31  For  the  Lord  will  not  cast  off  for  ever  ; 

3  32j3ut  though  he  cause  grief,  yet  will  he  have  compassion  according  to  the 

multitude  of  his  mercies; 
3  33  For  'he  doth  not  afflict  twillingly  nor  grieve  the  children  of  men. 

S  ^'^  To  crush  under  his  feet  all  the  prisoners  of  the  earth, 

S  35  To  turn  aside  the  right  of  a  man  before  the  face  of  Jthe  Most  High, 

S  36  To  subvert  a  man  in  his  cause,  the  Lord  *approveth  not. 

D  37  Who  is  he  that  saith,  and  it  cometh  to  pass,  when  the  Lord  command- 

eth  it  not  ? 
o  38  Out  of  the  mouth  of  the  Most  High  proceedeth  not  ''evil  and  good? 
D  3J  Wherefore  'doth  a  living  man  tcomplain,  a  man  for  the  punishment  of 

his  sins? 

J  40  Let  us  search  and  try  our  ways,  and  turn  again  to  the  Lord  ; 

J  41  Let  us  lift  up  our  heart  with  our  hands  unto  God  in  the  heavens  : 

:  42  We  have  transgressed  and  have  rebelled — Thou  hast  not  pardoned. 

D  43  Thou   hast  covered   with    anger,  and   persecuted  us  ;  thou  hast   slain, 

thou  hast  not  pitied  ; 
D  44  Thou  hast  covered  thyself  with  a  cloud,  that  our  prayer  should  not  pass 

through ; 
D  ^5  Thou  hast  made  us  as^the  offscouring  and  refuse  in  the  midst  of  the  people. 

];  45  All  our  enemies  have  opened  their  mouths  against  us ; 
j;  47  Fear  and  a  snare  is  come  upon  us,  desolation  and  destruction  : 
jr  48]vii,ie  eye  runneth  down  with  rivers  of  water  for  the  destruction  of  the 
daughter  of  my  people. 

3  49  Mine  eye  trickleth  down,  and  ceaseth  not,  without  any  intermission, 

£3  50  Till  the  Lord  look  down,  and  behold  from  heaven; 

3  51  Mine  eye  affecteth  my  theart  *because  of  all  the  daughters  of  my  city, 

V  52  Mine  enemies  chased  me  sore,  like  a  bird,  without  cause; 

y  53  They  have  cut  off  my  life  'in  the  dungeon,  and  cast  a  stone  upon  me  ; 

•a  54  Waters  flowed  over  my  head  ;  then  I  said,  "  I  am  cut  off!  " 

p  551  ''called  upon  thy  name,  O  Lord,  out  of  the  low  dungeon : 
P  56  Thou  hast  heard  my  voice  :  hide  not  thine  ear  at  my  breathing,  at 


tj  —  i  iivjLi  iiaci  i.^u.u  my  voice  :  niae  noi  mine  ear  at  my  uiciumug,  ill  my  cry  : 
p  "'7  Thou  'drewest  near  in  the  day  that  I  called  upon  thee :  thou  saidst, 
'  "  Fear  not !  " 


n  58  0  Lord,  thou  hast  pleaded  the  causes  of  my  soul;  thou  hast  redeemed 

my  life : 
1  59  0  Lord,  thou  hast  seen  my  wrong:  judge  thou  my  cause  : 
1  60  Thou  hast  seen  all  their  vengeance  and  all  their  imaginations  against  me. 

ly  61  Thou   hast  heard  their  reproach,  O  Lord,  and   all  their   imaginations 

against  me ; 
B?  62  The  lips  of  those  that  rose  up  against  me,  and  their  device   against  me 

aJl  the  day  : 
V  63  Behold  their  sitting  down,  and  their  rising  up — I  am  their  music. 

4   B 


950 


THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH.        [Period  VII. 


j  Ps.  28.  4.  See 
Je.  11.20.  2Ti. 
4.  14. 

j  Or,  obstinacy  of 
heart. 


L.\.MEXT.  IV. 


a  Is.  30.  14.  Je. 
19.  11.  2  Co.  4. 

7. 


Or,  calves. 


t  Or,  iniquity. 
i  See  Go.  19.  25. 


c  De.  28.  57. 
2  Ki.  G.  29. 


e  Mat.  23.  31,37. 


t  Or,  Til  that  thnj 
could  not  but 
touch.  Nu.  19. 


n  64  Render  >unto  them  a  recompence,  O  Lord,  according  to  the  work  of 

their  hands: 
n  6^  Give  them  tsorrow  of  heart,  thy  curse  iinto  them  : 
n  66  Persecute  and  destroy  them  in  anger  from  under  the  heavens  of  the  Lord. 

LAMENTATION    IV. 

Zionbeuailelh  her  pitiful  estate.     \3  She  confessetli  her  sins.     21  Eilom  is  threntciwl.     ^IZionis 
comforted. 

X   1  How  is  the  gold  become  dim  !  how  is  the  most  fine  gold  changed ! 
The  stones  of  the  sanctuary  are  poured  out  in  the  top  of  every  street. 

3   2  The  precious  sons  of  Zion,  comparable  to  fine  gold, 

How  are  they  esteemed  "as  earthen  pitchers,  the  work  of  the  hands  of 
the  potter ! 
1   3  Even  the  sea  *monsters  draw  out  the  breast,  they  give  suck  to  their 
young  ones : 
The  daughter  of  my  people  is  become  cruel,  like  the  ostriches  in  the 
wilderness, 
n   4  Xhe  tongue  of  the  sucking  child  cleaveth  to  the  roof  of  his  mouth  for 
thirst : 
The  young  children  ask  bread,  and  no  man  breaketh  it  unto  them. 

n   5 They  that  did  feed  delicately  are  desolate  in  the  streets: 
They  that  were  brought  up  in  scarlet  embrace  dunghills. 

1   6  For  the  tpunishment  of  the  iniquity  of  the  daughter  of  my  people  is 
greater  thnn  the  punishuient  of  the  sin  of  Sodom, 
That  was  'overthrown  as  in  a  moment,  and  no  hands  stayed  on  her. 

t   '  Her  Nazarites  were  purer  than  snow,  they  were  whiter  than  milk. 

They  were  more  ruddy  in  body  than  rubies,  their  polishing  was  of 
sapphire  : — 

n    8  Their  visage  is  Jblacker  than  a  coal ;  they  are  not  known  in  the  streets : 
Their  skin  cleaveth  to  their  bones  ;  it  is  withered,  it  is  become  like  a  stick. 

to    9  They  that  be  slain  with  the  sword  are  better  than  they  that  be  slain  with 
hunger ; 
For  these  *pine  away,  stricken  through  for  want  of  the  fruits  of  the  field. 

"•  10 The  hands  of  the  pitiful  women  have  sodden  their  own  children  : 

They  were  their  "meat  in  the  destruction  of  the  daughter  of  my  people. 

3  11  The  Lord  hath  accomplished  his  fury ;  he  hath  poured  out  his  fierce  anger. 
And  ''hath  kindled  a  fire  in  Zion,  and  it  hath  devoured  the  foundations 
thereof. 
S  i~The  kings  of  the  earth,  and  all  the  inhabitants  of  the  world,  would  not 
have  believed 
That  the  advc-rsary  and  the  enemy  should  have  entered  into  the  gates  of 
Jerusalem. 
n  13  For  tlie  sins  of  her  prophets,  and  the  iniquities  of  her  priests, 
That  'have  shed  the  blood  of  the  just  in  the  midst  of  her, 

J  n  They  have  wandered  as  blind   men  in  the  streets,  they  have  polluted 
themselves  with  blood, 
fSo  that  men  could  not  touch  their  garments. 

D  '•'■^  They  cried  unto  them,  "  Depart  ye,  tit  is  unclean  ;  depart,  depart,  touch 
not ! " 
When  they  fled   away  and   wandered,   they  said  among   the   heathen, 
"  They  shall  no  more  sojourn  there." 

V  16  The  *anger  of  the  Lord  hath  divided  them  ;  he  will  no  more  regard  them  : 
They  respected  not  the  persons  of  the  priests,  they  favored  not  the  elders. 

3  I''  As  for  us,  our  eyes  as  yet  failed  for  our  vain  help : 

In  our  watching  we  have  watched  for  a  nation  that  could  not  save  us. 

"i  18  They  hunt  our  steps,  that  we  cannot  go  in  our  streets  : 

Our  end  is  near,  our  days  are  fulfilled ;  for  our  end  is  come. 


Part  I.j 

/De.  28.  49.  Je. 


t  Or,  Thine  ini- 
quity. 

I  Or,  carry  thee 
captive  for  thy 
sins. 


THE  LAMENTATIONS  OF  JEREMIAH. 


95 1 


p  19  Our  persecutors  are  -^swifter  than  the  eagles  of  the  heaven  : 

They  pursued  us  upon  the  mountains,  they  laid  wait  for  us  in  the  wil- 
derness. 

1  20  The  breath  of  our  nostrils,  the  anointed  of  the  Lord,  was  taken  in  their 
Under  his  shadow  we  shall  live  among  the  heathen." 


pits, 
Of  whom  we  said, 


K?  21  Rejoice  and  be  glad,  O  daughter  of  Edom,that  dwellestin  the  land  of  Uz  ; 
The  cup  also  shall  pass  through  unto  thee :  thou  shalt  be  drunken,  and 
shall  make  thyself  naked. 

n  22  tThe  punishment  of  thine  iniquity  is  accomplished,  O  daughter  of  Zion  ; 
he  will  no  more  carry  thee  away  into  captivity  ! 
He  will  visit  thine  iniquity,  O  daughter  of  Edom !  he  will  ^discover  thy 


♦  Heb.  cometkfor 

price. 

f  Heh.  On  our 
necks  are  we  per- 
secuted. De.  28. 
48.  Je.  28.  14. 


X  Or,  terrors,  or, 
atorms. 


*  Hel).  of  our 
head  is  fallen. 


\  Heb.  for  length 
cf  days  7 


LAMENTATION    V. 

A  pitiful  comphniit  of  Zion  in  prayer  unto  God. 

^  Remember,  O  Lord,  what  is  come  upon  us : 

Consider,  and  behold  our  reproach. 

2  Our  inheritance  is  turned  to  strangers, 

Our  houses  to  aliens. 
^  We  are  orphans  and  fatherless, 

Our  mothers  are  as  widows. 
*  We  have  drunken  our  water  for  money  ; 

Our  wood  *is  sold  unto  us. 
^  lOur  necks  are  under  persecution : 

We  labor,  and  have  no  rest. 
^  We  have  given  the  hand  to  the  Egyptians, 

And  to  the  Assyrians,  to  be  satisfied  with  bread. 
'  Our  fathers  have  sinned,  and  are  not ; 

And  we  have  borne  their  iniquities. 
^  Servants  "have  ruled  over  us : 

There  is  none  that  doth  deliver  us  out  of  their  hand, 
9  We  gat  our  bread  with  the  peril  of  our  lives 

Because  of  the  sword  of  the  wilderness. 
1°  Our  skin  was  black  like  an  oven 

Because  of  the  tterrible  famine. 

11  They  ravished  the  women  in  Zion, 
And  the  maids  in  the  cities  of  Judah. 

12  Princes  are  hanged  up  by  their  hand  : 
The  faces  of  elders  were  not  honored. 

13  They  took  the  young  men  Ho  grind. 
And  the  children  fell  under  the  wood. 

14  The  elders  have  ceased  from  the  gate, 
The  young  men  from  their  music. 

1^  The  joy  of  our  heart  is  ceased  ; 

Our  fiance  is  turned  into  mourning. 
16  The  'crown  *is  fallen  from  our  head  : 

Woe  unto  us,  that  we  have  sinned  ! 
1 '  For  this  our  heart  is  faint ; 

For  these  things  our  eyes  are  dim. 
1^  Because  of  the  mountain  of  Zion,  which  is  desolate. 

The  foxes  walk  upon  it. 

19  Thou,  O  Lord,  remainest  for  ever  ; 

Thy  throne  from  generation  to  generation. 
20  Wherefore  dost  thou  forget  us  for  ever, 

And  forsake  us  tso  long  time  ? 


952  THE  COMMISSION  OF  EZEKIEL.  [Period  VII. 

^'  Turn  thou  us  unto  thee,  O  Lord  ! 

And  we  shall  be  turned  ;  renew  our  days  as  of  old. 
^^^d^Xt     '•'  iBut  thou  hast  utterly  rejected  us  ; 
;ec/tts?  Thou  aft  vcry  wroth  against  us. 

[end    of    the    lamentations    of    JEREMIAH.] 


PART    II. 


A.  M. 

B.  C. 


a  De.  32.  38.  Ez. 


EVENTS    AT    BABYLON    BETWEEN     THE    CO.ALAIENCEMENT    OF     THE 
CAPTIVITY  AND    THE    DESTRUCTION   OF    THE    TEMPLE. 

Section    I. — Condition  of  Daniel  and  his   Companions   at   Babylon. 
Da.mf.l  i.  8,  to  the  end. 

^  BUT  Daniel  purposed  in  his  heart  that  he  would  not  defile  himself 
"with  the  portion  of  the  king's  meat,  nor  with  the  wine  wliich  he  drank  ; 
therefore  he  requested  of  the  prince  of  the  eunuchs  that  he  might  not 


4. 13.  iio.  9. 3. '  defile  himself.  ^  Now  ^God  had  brought  Daniel  into  favor  and  tender 

lSeeGe.39.  21. 
Ps.  lot).  4(i.  Pr. 


ftSeeGe.39.21.   JQyg  y^jj^j^  ^j^g  princo  of  the  eunuchs.   ^^  And  the  prince  of  the  eunuchs 


i'i-7.  said  unto  Daniel,  "I  fear  my  lord  the  king,  who  hath  appointed  your 

meat  and  your  drink:   for  why  should  he  see  your  faces  *worse  liking 

*  "^''-  *"''''"■•      than  the  children  which  are  of  your  tsort  ?  then  shall  ye  make  me  en- 

^?olluZlc7:      danger  my  head  to  the  king."   i'  Then  said  Daniel  to  tMelzar,  whom 

XOt,tkesteu:ard.  the  priucc  of  the  eunuchs  had  set  over  Daniel,  Hananiah,  Mishael,  and 

Azariah,   '^  "  Prove  thy  servants,  I  beseech  thee,  ten  days  ;  and  let 

them  give  us  *pulse  tto  eat,  and  water  to  drink.   ^^  Then  let  our  coun- 

Heh.ofpuUe.     tcuauces  be  looked  upon  before  thee,  and  the  countenance  of   the 

children  that  eat  of  the  portion  of  the  king's  meat :  and  as  thou  seest, 

deal  with  thy  servants."   '■*  So  he  consented  to  them  in  this  matter,  and 

proved  them  ten  days.   ^^  And  at  the  end  of  ten  days  their  countenances 

appeared  fairer  and  fatter  in  flesh  than  all  the  children  which  did  eat 

the  portion  of  the  king's  meat.   ^'^  Thus  Melzar  took  away  the  portion 

of  their  meat,  and  the  wine  that  they  should  drink ;  and  gave  them 

pulse. 

^^  As  for  these  four  children,  God  gave  them  '"knowledge  and  skill 
2Ch.  2. 5.  Da.  in  all  learning  and  wisdom  :  and  tDaniel  had  ''understanding  in  all 
\o.  \.  '  '  visions  and  dreams.  ^^  Now  at  the  end  of  the  days  that  the  king  had 
eSeeGe.4i.46.  gaij  |^g  should  bring  them  in,  then  the  prince  of  the  eunuchs  brought 
ofunJ^Xnding.  thciTi  ill  bcforc  Nebuchadnezzar.  ^'■'  And  the  king  communed  with 
/  p^i.  6  28.  &  10.  them:  and  among  them  all   was  found  none  like  Daniel,  Hananiah, 

i.  Me  livcii  to  ^  " 

nee  ih  t  glorious  Mishacl,  aud  Azariah:  therefore  'stood  they  before  the  king.  ^^  And 
turn  of  his  peo-  in  all  matters  of  *wisdom  and  understanding,  that  the  king  inquired 
Bai.yio'i'.'i !n^ap-  of  thcui,  hc  fouud  them  ten  times  better  than  all  the  magicians  and 
did"noi'',i'icMhen°  astrologcrs  that  were  in  all  his  realm.  ^^  And  -^Daniel  continued  even 

Ps'iioTi''     ""^^  ^'^*^  ^^^^  y^^^  of  king  Cyrus, 
ui.  8. " 
. Section  II. —  The  Commission  of  EzekieW^^ 

i^ECT.  11.  ijip   15HGINNING   OF  THE   BOOK   OF  THE   PROPHET  EZEKIEL. 

E/.EKiEL  i.  ii.  iii.  1-21- 


t  Heb.  UuU  we 
inuy  cat,  4'c. 


e  Ac.  7.  22.  Ja.  1 

.%  17. 
I  Or,  he  made 

Dinid  under- 

■■<  and. 


A.  M.   3109. 
B.  C.  595.  The  time  of  EzekieVs  prophecy  at  Chehar.     4  His  vision  of  four  cherubim,  15  ofthefour  tvheel.f, 

'HCiantloflheffloryofdod.  —  Cliap.  ii.     His  commission'    6  His  instruction.     9  Tlie  roll  of  his 

heavy  prophecy.  —  Chap.  iii.     He  ealeth  the  roll.     4  God  encottrageth  him.     15  God  shoiceth 
him  the  rule  of  prophecy. 

(**)  Wp  have   now    come  to  tlie  prophecies  of  events — promised  to  tlie  faithful  tlie  same  consola- 

Ezekiel,  which  were  addressed  to  the  captives  at  tions,  and  threatened  the  disobedient  and  idolatrous 

Babylon,  before  and  after  the  captivity  of  Zedekiah  among  tlieir  countrymen    with   the   same  punish- 

and    the    destruction    of  the  temple.     They  must  ments!     Both    prophets    united    in    denunciations 

therefore  have   been  delivered   at  the    same  time,  against  the  false  prophets,  and   in  anticipations  of 

and  against  the   same  crimes,  against  wliich  Jere-  the  ultimate  restoration  of  the  .lews  from  the  Baby- 

miah    was  denouncing   the  judgments   of  God   at  lonisli     ca])tivity.     The    communication    between 

Jerusalem.     Botli    prophets    predicted    the    same  Babylon  and  J<'ru3alem,  though  very  limited  on 


Part  II.] 


THE  COMMISSION  OP  EZEKIEL. 


953 


^  Now  it  came  to  pass  in  the  *"'  thirtieth  year,  in  the  fourth  month, 
ueh.  capiivitij-  j^,  ^j^g  ^fj^l^  ^j^^y  q{  jj^g  month,  as  I  was  among  the  *captives  by  the 
Ac  7'*5tj^'&%  ''^^^'"  ^^  Chebar,  that  "the  heavens  were  opened,  and  I  saw  visions  of 
11.  Re.  19. 11.  "  God.  -  In  the  fifth  day  of  the  month,  which  was  the  fifth  year  of  king 


account  of  their  great  distance,  and  tlie  inconve- 
niences of  travelling,  remained  still  open ;  and 
must  have  afforded  the  Jews  occasional  opportuni- 
ties of  learning  the  fate  of  their  captive  brethren. 
It  must  have  informed  them  of  the  predictions  of 
Ezekiel  in  Chaldea,  and  of  the  striking  similarity 
and  connection  wliich  existed  between  them  and 
those  they  had  received  from  their  own  inspired 
teacher.  The  distance  that  separated  these  two 
propliets  must  have  precluded  all  idea  of  conni- 
vance, and  rendered  it  impossible  for  any  commu- 
nication to  have  taken  place  between  them.  The 
believing  part  of  the  Jews  therefore,  both  at  Jeru- 
salem and  Babylon,  must  in  the  course  of  some 
months  have  been  made  acquainted  with  the  sepa- 
rate propliecies  of  these  two  inspired  persons;  and 
within  a  few  years  they  actually  witnessed  the  ful- 
filment of  them,  in  the  desolation  of  Judah  and  the 
captivity  of  their  brethren.  Such  were  the  irresis- 
tible appeals  that  God  made  to  the  Jews  to  con- 
vince them  that  his  Providence  still  watched  over 
them,  and  directed  all  things  for  the  welfare  of  his 
visible  Church. 

Thus  in  the  fourth  year  of  Zedekiah,  Jeremiah 
(xxvii.  19,  to  the  end)  declared  to  the  people  at 
Jerusalem,  at  a  time  when  there  was  no  war  be- 
tween the  king  of  Judsea  and  the  king  of  Babylon, 
that  Nebuchadnezzar  should  carry  to  Babylon  the 
brazen  pillars,  and  the  residue  of  the  vessels  of  the 
temple,  which  he  had  previously  spared  in  the  cap- 
ture of  the  city,  when  Jehoiachin  had  been  taken  : 
and  he  further  adds,  that  they  should  not  be  melted 
down  nor  destroyed,  but  preserved  at  Babylon  till 
their  captivity  terminated.  At  the  time  this  pre- 
diction was  delivered  there  appeared  no  probability 
of  its  accomplisliment ;  and  the  prophecy  must  have 
been  v,  ell  known  to  all  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem. 

In  this  year  Seraiah  went  to  Babylon,  (Jer.  li.  59.) 
and  Jeremiah  commissioned  him  to  take  the  proph- 
ecy he  had  lately  written  against  Babylon,  to  read 
it  there,  and  then  to  cast  it  into  the  Euphrates.  Of 
th'»  precise  time  of  the  year  in  which  Seraiah 
w-ent,  we  are  not  informed  in  the  very  brief  narra- 
tive of  Scripture  ;  but  as  the  distance  was  great,  it 
is  not  probable  they  could  be  less  than  some  months 
in  their  journey.  If  they  arrived  at  Babylon  about 
the  end  of  the  fourth,  or  the  beginning  of  the  fifth 
year  of  Zedekiah,  which  was  the  same  as  the  fifth 
of  Jehoiachin's  captivity,  they  would  receive  in  that 
city  a  confirmation  and  explanation  of  the  predic- 
tions of  Jeremiah,  by  a  propliecy  of  Ezekiel  de- 
livered to  the  captives  before  their  arrival ;  when 
it  was  evidently  impossible  that  any  communication 
could  have  taken  place  between  the  two  prophets. 
Jeremiah  predicted  that  the  vessels  of  the  temple 
should  be  taken;  Ezekiel  (chap,  iv.)  predicted  the 
manner  in  which  this  prophecy  should  be  accom- 
plislied,  by  the  siege  and  capture  of  Jerusalem. 

In  additional  confirmation  of  the  supposition  that 
Ezekiel  could  not  have  known  of  this  prophecy  of 
Jeremiah  when  he  delivered  his  own  prediction  of 
the  last  capture  of  Jerusalem  by  Nebuchadnezzar, 
it  must  be  remembered  that  Ezekiel  was  among  the 
captives  by  the  river  Chebar,  and  not  at  Babylon; 
whither  we  may  naturally  suppose  the  embassy 
would  have  immediately  proceeded. 

In  Jeremiah  xxxvii.  17.  we  read  that  Jeremiah 
prophesied  to  Zedekiah  himself  that  he  should  be 
delivered  into  the  hands  of  the  king  of  Babylon. 
Prior  to  the  date  of  this  prediction,  Ezekiel  had 
foretold  to  the  captives  in  Chaldea  the  same  thing, 
(chap.  xii.  13.)  Yet  we  have  no  proof  that  the  for- 
mer had  ever  heard  of  the  prediction  of  the  latter. 

The  most  undeniable  and  conclusive  proof,  how- 

voL.  I.  120 


ever,  of  this  singular  and  simultaneous  coincidence 
between  the  two  prophets,  is  to  be  found  in  their 
predictions  against  Egypt  for  its  treachery  and  ini- 
quities. Ezekiel,  immediately  before  Zedekiah  was 
made  prisoner,  uttered  in  Chaldea  that  celebrated 
prediction  contained  in  chap.  xxx.  ver.  30,  to  the 
end  ;  in  which  he  assures  the  people  that  the  king 
of  Egypt  should  be  subdued  by  the  king  of  Babylon. 
In  chap.  xxxi.  the  same  prediction  is  repeated,  and 
it  was  delivered  only  one  month  before  Jerusalem 
was  taken.  Compare  with  these  two  chapters  of 
Ezekiel,  Jer.  .i^liii.  ver.  8,  to  the  end,  and  chap.  xlvi. 
13,  to  the  end.  On  the  captivity  of  Zedekiah,  Jere- 
miah was  taken  by  Nebuzar-adan,  who  treated  him 
with  much  respect,  and  permitted  him  to  return  to 
his  own  home,  under  the  government  of  Gedaliah. 
Soon  after,  however,  Gedaliah  having  been  mur- 
dered by  Ishmael,  and  the  chief  of  the  remaining 
Jews  escaping  into  Egypt  for  fear  of  the  Chaldeans, 
Jeremiah  was  compelled  to  go  with  them,  and  it 
was  on  his  arrival  in  this  country  that  he  uttered 
the  prophecies  against  Egypt. 

Ezekiel,  whose  name  imports  the  strength  of  God, 
was  the  son  of  Buzi,of  the  sacerdotal  race,  and  one 
of  the  captives  carried  by  Nebuchadnezzar  to  Baby- 
lon, with  Jehoiachin  king  of  Judah  :  it  does  not 
appear  that  he  had  prophesied  before  he  came  into 
Mesopotamia.  The  principal  scene  of  )iis  predic- 
tions was  some  place  on  the  river  Chebar,  which 
flows  into  the  Euphrates,  about  two  hundred  miles, 
to  the  north  of  Babylon,  whfere  the  prophet  resided  ; 
though  he  was,  occasionally,  conveyed  in  vision  to 
Jerusalem.  He  commenced  his  prophetic  ministry 
in  the  thirtieth  year  of  his  age,  according  to  general 
accounts ;  or  rather,  as  Calmet  thinks,  in  the 
thirtieth  year  after  the  covenant  was  renewed  with 
God  in  the  reign  of  Josiah,  which  answers  to  the 
fifth  year  of  Ezekiel's  and  Jehoiachin's  captivity, 
(Ezek.  i.  1,  and  xl.  1.)  the  era  whence  he  dates 
his  predictions ;  and  he  continued  to  prophesy 
about  twenty  or  twenty-one  years.  The  events  of 
his  life,  after  his  call  to  the  prophetic  office,  are  in- 
terwoven with  tlie  detail  which  he  has  himself  given 
of  his  predictions  ;  but  the  manner  of  its  termina- 
tion is  no  where  ascertained. 

In  the  following  arrangement  of  Ezekiel,  Arch- 
bishop Nf^wcome's  disposition  of  the  several  proph- 
ecies, and  divisions  of  the  chapters  are  observed. 
The  prophet  being  extremely  careful  throughout,  in 
dating  each  prophecy,  the  place  is  usually  assigned 
by  internal  evidence  ;  and  there  is  little  or  no  diffi- 
culty in  arranging  each  prophetical  discourse  in  its 
historical  and  chronological  order.  For  the  sake 
of  clearness  in  apprehending  the  history  of  this 
period,  I  have  inserted  the  events  which  took  place 
in  Babylon,  in  a  separate  chapter  from  those  which 
occurred  at  the  same  time  in  Judaea. — Vide  Gray's 
Key;  Home;  Calmet;  the  Commentators;  Intro- 
diicfion  to  Ezekiel ;  Archbishop  Newcome. 

('•'•■')  Chronologers  and  commentators  have  been 
much  divided  as  to  the  thirtieth  year,  mentioned 
in  ver.  1,  of  this  chapter.  Usher,  Prideaux,  Lowth, 
and  Lightfoot,  reckon  the  thirty  years  here  spoken 
of,  as  well  as  the  forty  days  or  years  (chap.  iv.  ver. 
6  )  from  the  covenant  made  by  Josiah  in  the  eight- 
eenth year  of  his  reign  ;  according  to  which  com- 
putation, this  thirtieth  year  will  be  595  B.  C. 
Others  suppose  it  to  be  the  thirtieth  year  of 
Ezekiel's  age.  The  divine  instructions  were  first 
revealed  to  him  in  a  glorious  vision,  "the  appear- 
ance of  the  likeness  of  the  glory  of  the  Lord,"  at- 
tended by  his  cherubim  symbolically  portrayed. 
"  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  expressly  "  unto  him, 
and  he  received  his  communication  by  a  voice, 
4   E^ 


t  Nu.  2.  95. 


954  THE  COMMISSION  OF  EZEKIEL.  [Pfriod  VIS 

6  2  Ki.  24. 12, 15.  'Jelioiacliin's  captivity,  ^the  word  of  the  Lord  came  expressly  unro 
t  Heb.  Jehezkei.    fEzckiel  the  priest,  the  son  of  Buzi,  in  the  land  of  tlie  Chaldeans  by 
the  river  Chebar  ;  and  the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  there  upon  him. 
'*  And*"^'  I  looked,  and,  behold,  a  whirlwind  came  out  of  the  north, 
^,u^^''^'''""     ^  great  cloud,  and  a  fire  tinfolding  itself,  and  a  brightness  was  about 
it,  and  out  of  the  midst  thereof  as  the  color  of  amber,  out  of  the  midst 
cRe.4.6,&.c.      of  the  firc.  ^Also  'out  of  the  midst  thereof  came  the  likeness  of  four 
living  creatures.     And  this  was  their  appearance  ;   they  had  the  like- 
ness of  a  man.  ^  And  every  one  iiad  four  faces,  and  every  one  had  four 
*J^eh.astraisht  yviugs.   '  And  tlicir  fcet  were  *straight  feet ;  and  the  sole  of  their  feet  was 
dDd.  10.6.  Re.    like  the  sole  of  a  calfs  foot :  and  they  sparkled  ''like  the  color  of  bur- 
^'  '^'  nished  brass.  *^  And  they  had  the  hands  of  a  man  under  their  wings  on 

their  four  sides  ;  and  they  four  had  their  faces  and  their  wings.  ^  Their 
wings  were  joined  one  to  another  ;   they  turned  not  when  they  went ; 
eSeeRe. 4. 7.      they  Went  cvciy  one  straight  forward.   ^"^As   for  'the  likeness  of  their 
/.\u.  2. 10.         faces,  they  four  -'had  the  face  of  a  man,  ^and  the  face  of  a  lion,  on  the 
^Nu.2.3.  ^igjjj  yj^jg  .  /.g^„j  (^i^gy  ^Q^,j.  ^^^  ^|-,g  ^.^^Q  qI"  ^j-,  ^^  Qj^  jj^g  ]g^j  gjjg  .  ijj^gy 

four  also  had  the  face  of  an  eagle.  ^^  Thus  were  their  faces  :  and  their 
wings  were  fstretched  upward  ;  two  wings  of  every  one  were  joined 
aboce.  o,^g  tQ  another,  and  two  covered  their  bodies.   ^^  And  they  went  every 

one  straight  forward  ;   whither  the   spirit  was  to  go,  they  went ;   and 
they  turned  not  when  they  went.  ^-^As  for  the  likeness  of  the  living 

>Re.  4.5.  creatures,  their  appearance  was  like  burning  coals  of  fire.^and  like  the 

appearance  of  lamps  :   it  went  up  and  down  among  the  living  creatures  ; 
and  the  fire  was  bright,  and  out  of  the  fire  went  forth  lightning.   ^^  And 

*Mut.  24.27.       tijg  living  creatures  ran  and  returned  ^as  the  appearance  of  a  flash  of 
lightning. 

^•'  Now  as  I  beheld  the  living  creatures,  behold  one  wheel  upon  the 
earth  by  the  living  creatures,  with  his  four  faces.  -^  The  appearance 
of  the  wheels  and  their  work  was  like  unto  the  color  of  a  beryl :  and 
they  four  had  one  likeness  :  and  their  appearance  and  their  work  was 
as  it  were  a  wheel  in  the  middle  of  a  wheel.  ^'  When  they  went,  they 
went   upon   their   four  sides  :   and  they  turned  not  when   they  went. 

which  was  followed  by  a  forcible  influence   of  the  Under  the  Levitical  economy  the  cherubic  symbols 

Spirit,   and  by    awful   directions  for  his  conduct,  and   the    burning  flame  were  united,  both  in   the 

(chap.  i.  ii.  iii.  to  ver.  2*2.)  tabernacle,  and  in   the  temple.     The  cherubim  ap- 

Many  of  these  directions  were  figurative  and  pear  to  have  been  considered  as  emblems  of  the 
comnmnicated  in  vision,  and  were  given  byway  vi.-iiblo  church,  and  the  burning  flame  as  the  symbol 
of  metaphorical  instruction  ;  for  when  Ezekiel  is  of  tiie  Divine  Presence.  The  time  had  now  ar- 
commanded  to  "  eat  the  roll  of  prophecy,"  we  un-  rived  when  the  visible  Church  was  to  be  removed 
derstand  tliat  he  is  enjoined  only  to  receive,  and  from  the  holy  land,  and  established  among  the  faith- 
thoroughly  to  digest  its  contents;  and  when  he  ful  worshippers  of  Jehovah,  who  were  taken  cap- 
professes  to  have  complied  with  the  command,  we  tives  to  Babvlon.  This  removal  is  denoted  in  the 
perceive  that  he  speaks  only  of  a  transaction  in  vision  by  the  appearance  of  the  cherubim,  of  the 
vision.  With  respect  to  some  other  relations  of  glory  of  the  Lord,  and  of  the  AneelJehovah,  or  the 
this  nature  contained  in  Ezekiel's  book,  whether  form  of  the  man,  the  head  and  protector  of  the 
we  suppose  them  to  be  descriptive  of  real  or  imag-  visible  Church,  to  the  prophet  Kzekiel.  He  receives 
inary  events,  they  are  very  reconcilable  with  the  his  commission  as  prophet  from  the  .'^ngel  Jehovah, 
divine  intention  in  the  employment  of  the  prophet,  speaking  out  of  the  midst  of  a  burning  flame. 
On  a  supposition  that  they  were  real,  we  may  Ezekiel  recognised  in  the  appearance  of  a  man, 
reasonably  suppose  a  miraculous  assistance  to  have  speaking  from  betvveer  the  cherubim,  and  from  the 
been  afforded  them  when  necessary;  and  if  we  midst  of  the  flame,  the  same  mvsterious  and  Divine 
consider  them  as  imaginary,  they  might  be  repre-  Being  who  was  well  known  to  have  formerly  ap- 
senled  equally  as  emblematical  forewarnings  re-  peared  to  the  patriarchs,  to  Abraham,  Isaac,  Jacob, 
vcnled  to  the  prophet— Gray 's  Key,  p   3!3().  and  INIoscs.      He  fell  upon  his  face,  as  St.  Paul  and 

(-•«)  Few  subjects  have  occasioned   so   much  dis-  St.  John  afterwards  did.  when  the  same   Almighty 

cussion  as  the  cherubim,  wiiich   are   so   repeatedly  Being  manifested  himself,  on  the  road  to  Damascus, 

spiken  of  in  the  Old  Testament.    The  first  time  we  and  in  the    Island   of  Patmos.     Ezekiel   fell   down 

read  of  the  cherubim   is  in  Genesis— '•  God   placed  before    him,  as    all    mankind   will   fall,    when    the 

at  the  east  of  the  garden  of  Eden  cherubim  and  same  Anjrel  Jehovah,  of  the  Patriarchi.l  and  Leviti- 

a  flammj  sword."     It  is  generally   supposed  that  cal  Church,  the  Messiah  of  the  Christian   Church, 

the  words  translated  «^«7/i/:H<r.9w»rrf,  signify  more  shall  descend  to  judgment;  when   he   shall   again 

properly  a  bright   flame   of  waving  fire  ;  that  this  appear,  not  as  a  friendless,  insulted,  and    crucified 

appearance  was  permanent  at  the  gate  of  Paradise,  man,  but  in  the  glory  of  his  Godhead,  which  he  had 

ami  that  it  was  the  same  glory  of  the  Lord,  or  the  with    the    Father   before    the    world    was,    (John 

Shcchmah   which  afterward   appeared   to   Moses,  xvii.  5.) 


II.] 


THE  COMMISSION  OF  EZEKIEL. 


955 


J  Or,  strakes. 


Or,  of  Ufe. 


^Ot,  of  life. 


I  Ua.  10.  6.  Re. 
1.15. 


nRe. 
1. 

4.3. 

&10. 

oDa. 

9.4. 

8.  17 
Re. 

.  Ac. 

1.  17. 

p  Da.  10. 


J  Heb.  nations. 


"  Heb.  hard  of 
face. 


qJe.  1.  8,17.  Li 

12.4. 
t  Or,  rebels.  Is. 

9.  18.  Je.  6.  28 

Wic.7.  4. 
rl  Pe.  3.  14. 


J  Heb.  rebellion, 
s  Re.  10.  9. 


ft  i.  e.  on  both 
sides  of  the 
parchment. — 

Ed. 


^^  As  for  their  rings,  they  were  so  high  that  they  were  dreadful ;  and 
their  U'ings  were  full  of  eyes  round  about  them  four.  ^'•*  And  when  the 
living  creatures  went,  the  wheels  went  by  them  :  and  when  the  living 
creatures  were  lifted  up  from  the  earth,  the  wheels  were  lifted  up. 
-°  Whithersoever  the  spirit  was  to  go,  they  went,  thither  was  their 
spirit  to  go  ;  and  the  wheels  were  lifted  up  over  against  them  :  for  the 
spirit  *of  the  living  creature  was  in  the  wheels.  ~^  When  those  went, 
these  went ;  and  when  those  stood,  these  stood  ;  and  when  those  were 
lifted  up  from  the  earth,  the  wheels  were  lifted  up  over  against  them : 
for  the  spirit  tof  the  living  creature  was  in  the  wheels. 

^■-  And  the  likeness  of  the  firmament  upon  the  heads  of  the  living 
creature  was  as  tiie  color  of  the  terrible  crystal,  stretched  forth  over 
their  heads  above.  ~^  And  under  the  firmament  were  their  wings  straight, 
the  one  toward  the  other :  every  one  had  two,  which  covered  on  this 
side,  and  every  one  had  two,  which  covered  on  that  side,  their  bodies. 
24  And  when  they  went,  I  heard  the  noise  of  their  wings,  'like  the 
noise  of  great  waters,  as  the  voice  of  the  Almighty,  the  voice  of  speech, 
as  the  noise  of  a  host :  when  they  stood,  they  let  down  their  wings. 
2^  And  there  was  a  voice  from  the  firmament  that  was  over  their  heads, 
when  they  stood,  and  had  let  down  their  wings. 

^^  And  above  the  firmament  that  was  over  their  heads  was  the  like- 
ness of  a  throne,  '"as  the  appearance  of  a  sapphire  stone :  and  upon 
the  likeness  of  the  throne  was  the  likeness  as  the  appearance  of  a  man 
above  upon  it.  '-^■'  And  I  saw  as  the  color  of  amber,  as  the  appearance 
of  fire  round  about  within  it,  from   the  appearance  of  his  loins  even 
upward,  and  from  the  appearance  of  his  loins  even  downward,  I  saw 
as  it  were  the  appearance  of  fire,  and  it  had  brightness  round  about. 
-^  As  "the  appearance  of  the   bow  that   is   in   the  cloud  in  the  day  of 
rain,  so  was  the  appearance  of  the  brightness  round  about.     This  was 
the  appearance  of  the  likeness  of  the  glory  of  the  Lord.     And  when 
I  saw  it,  "I  fell  upon  my  face,  and  I  heard  a  voice  of  one  that  spake. 
^  And  he  said  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  !  ''stand  upon  thy      Ezekiel  ii. 
feet,  and  I  will  speak  unto  thee."  ^  And  the  Spirit  entered 
into  me  when  he  spake  unto  me,  and  set  me  upon  my  feet,  that  I  heard 
him  that  spake  unto  me.  ^  And  he  said  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  !   I  send 
thee  to  the  children  of  Israel,  to  a  rebellious  Jnation  that  hath  rebelled 
against  me  :   they  and  their  fathers  have  transgressed  against  me,  even 
unto  this  very  day.  "*  For  they  are  *impudent  children  and  stiff'-hearted. 
I  do  send  thee  unto  them  ;  and  thou  shalt  say  unto  them.  Thus  saith 
the  Lord  God.  ^  And   they,  wjiether  they  will   hear,  or  whether   they 
will  forbear,  (for  they  are  a  rebellious  house,)  yet  shall  know  that  there 
•  hath  been  a  prophet  among  them.  ^And    thou,  son  of  man, 'be  not 
afraid  of  them,  neither  be  afraid  of  their  words,  though  +briers  and 
thorns  be  with   thee,  and   thou  dost  dwell  among  scorpions :  '^be  not 
afraid  of  their  words,  nor  be  dismayed  at  their  looks,  though  they  be 
a   rebelUous    house.    '^And  thou  shalt    speak   my  words  unto    them, 
whether  they  will  hear,  or  whether   they  will   forbear  :   for  they  are 
tmost  rebellious.  ^  But  thou,  son  of  man,  hear  what  I  say  unto  thee. 
Be  not  thou  rebellious  like  that  rebellious  house :  open  thy  mouth,  and 
"eat  that  I  give  thee." 

9  And  when  I  looked,  behold,  a  hand  was  sent  unto  me  ;  and,  lo, 
a  roll  of  a  book  was  therein,  ^''and  he  spread  it  before  me  :  and  it  was 
written  ''within  and  without ;  and  there  was  written  therein  lamenta- 
tions, and  mourning,  and  woe  ! 

^  Moreover  he  said  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  !  eat  that  Ezekiel  iii. 
thou  findest ;  eat  this  roll,  and  go  speak  unto  the  house  of  ^-^l- 

Israel."  ^  So  I  opened  my  mouth,  and  he  caused  me  to  eat  that  roll. 


956     EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUS.\I.EM.     [Period  VIL 


J  Heb.  deep  of  lip, 
and  heavy  of 
Um<ru.r. ;  and  so 


*  Heb.  deep  of 
lip,  and  heacy  of 
language. 

t  Or,  If  r  had  sent 
thee  to  them, 
would  they  not 
have  hearkened 


11  John  15.  20. 

t  Heb.  ,tiffof 
forehe/id,  and 
hard  of  heart. 


V  See  1  Ki.  ]8. 
12.  -2  Ki.  2.  16. 
Ac.  8.  39. 


t  Heb.  bitter. 
i  Heb.  hot  anger. 


X  Is.  49.  4,  5.  Ac. 
20.26. 

•  Heb.  righteous- 
nesses. 


^  And  he  said  unto  me,  "•  Son  of  man  !  cause  thy  belly  to  eat,  and  fill 
thy  bowels  with  this  roll  that  I  give  thee."  Then  did  I  'eat  it ;  and 
it  was  in  my  mouth  as  honey  for  sweetness. 

*  And  he  said  unto  me,  '•  Son  of  man  !  go,  get  thee  unto  the  house 
of  Israel,  and  speak  with  my  words  unto  them.  ^  For  thou  art  not  sent 
to  a  people  tof  a  strange  speech  and  of  a  hard  language,  but  to  the 
house  of  Israel ;  ^  not  to  many  people  *of  a  strange  speech  and  of  a 
hard  language,  whose  words  thou  canst  not  understand.  tSurely,  had 
I  sent  thee  to  them,  they  would  have  hearkened  unto  thee.  'But  the 
house  of  Israel  will  not  hearken  unto  thee,  "for  they  will  not  hearken 
unto  me  ;  for  all  the  house  of  Israel  are  timpudent  and  hard-hearted. 
^  Behold,  I  have  made  thy  face  strong  against  their  faces,  and  thy 
forehead  strong  against  their  foreheads.  ^  As  an  adamant  harder  than 
flint  have  I  made  thy  forehead  :  fear  them  not,  neither  be  dismayed  at 
their  looks,  though  they  be  a  rebellious  house." 

^^  Moreover  he  said  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  !  all  my  words  that  I  shall 
speak  unto  thee  receive  in  thy  heart,  and  hear  with  thine  ears.  "  And 
go,  get  thee  to  thetn  of  the  captivity,  unto  the  children  of  thy  people, 
and  speak  unto  them,  and  tell  tljem.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ;  whether 
they  will  hear,  or  whether  they  will  forbear." 

^'^  Then  "the  Spirit  took  me  up,  and  I  heard  behind  me  a  voice  of  a 
great  rushing,  saying,  "  Blessed  be  the  glory  of  the  Lord  from  his 
place  !  "  ^-^  I  heard  also  the  noise  of  the  wings  of  the  living  creatures 
that  'touched  one  another,  and  the  noise  of  the  wheels  over  against 
them,  and  a  noise  of  a  great  rushing.  ^^  So  the  Spirit  lifted  me  up, 
and  took  me  away,  and  I  went  tin  bitterness,  in  the  theat  of  my  spirit ; 
but  the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  strong  upon  me. 

^^  Then  I  came  to  them  of  the  captivity  at  Tel-abib,  that  dwelt  by 
the  river  of  Chebar,  and  I  sat  where  they  sat,  and  remained  there  as- 
tonished among  them  seven  days.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass  at  the  end 
of  seven  days,  that  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  ^'  •'  Son 
of  man  !  I  have  made  thee  a  watchman  unto  the  house  of  Israel : 
therefore  hear  the  word  at  my  mouth,  and  give  them  warning  from 
me.  ^'^  When  I  say  unto  the  wicked,  Tliou  shalt  surely  die  ;  and 
thou  givest  him  not  warning,  nor  speakest  to  warn  tiie  wicked  from 
his  wicked  way,  to  save  his  life  ;  the  same  wicked  man  "shall  die  in  his 
iniquity,  but  his  blood  will  I  require  at  thy  hand.  ^^  Yet  if  thou  warn 
the  wicked,  and  he  turn  not  from  his  wickedness,  nor  from  his  wicked 
way,  he  shall  die  in  his  iniquity  ;  ""but  thou  hast  delivered  thy  soul. 
^^  Again,  when  a  righteous  man  doth  turn  from  his  *righteousness, 
and  commit  iniquity,  and  I  lay  a  stumbling-block  before  him,  he  shall 
die  :  because  thou  hast  not  given  him  warning,  he  shall  die  in  his  sin, 
and  his  righteousness  which  he  hath  done  shall  not  be  remembered  ; 
but  his  blood  will  I  require  at  thy  hand.  -'  Nevertheless  if  thou  warn 
the  righteous  man,  that  the  righteous  sin  not,  and  he  doth  not  sin,  he 
shall  surely  live,  because  he  is  warned  ;  also  thou  hast  delivered  thy 
soul." 


A.  M.  3409. 
B.  C.  595. 


Section  III. — Ezckicl  prophesies  the  Miseries  and  Destruction  of  Jerusalem. 

EzEKiEL  iii.  22,  to  the  end,  and  iv.  to  vii. 

God  shiilletli  and  openeth  the  prophet's  mouth.  — Chap.  iv.  1  Uiider  the  tiipe  of  a  sies^e  is  showed  the 
time  from  the  defection  of  Jeroboam  to  the  captivity.  9  Bij  the  provision  of  the  siege,  is  showed 
the  hardness  of  the  famine.  —  Cliap.  v.  1  Under  the  tijpe  of  hair,  5  is  showed  theptdcrment  of 
Jerusalem  for  their  rebellion,  \'2.  by  famine,  sword,  and  dispersion.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  Thejttds^ment 
of  Israel  for  their  idolatry.  8  A  remnant  shall  be  blessed.  11  The  faitlifnl  are  exhorted  to  la- 
ment their  calamities. —  Chap.  vii.  I  TVie  final  desolation  of  Israel.  16  The  moui-vful  repentance 
of  them  thai  escape.  20  The  enemies  defile  the  sanctuary  because  of  the  Israelites'  abomirialions. 
t3  Under  the  type  of  a  chain  is  .showed  their  miserable  captivity. 

2"^  And  the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  there  upon  me  ;  and  he  said  unto 
me,  "  Arise,  go  forth  into  the  plain,  and  I  will  there  talk  with  thee." 


Part  II.] 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM.    957 


Lu.  1.20,22. 


*  Heb.  a  man  re- 
proving. 


■f  Or,  chief  lead- 
ers. Ez.  21.  22. 

J  Or,  aflat  plate, 
or,  slice. 


*  Heb.  a  day  for 
a  year.,  a  day  for 
a  year. 


t  heb.  from  thy 
side  to  thy  side. 


X  Or,  spelt. 


-•^  Then  I  arose  and  went  forth  into  the  plain  :  and,  behold,  the  glory 
of  the  Lord  stood  there,  as  the  glory  which  I  saw  by  the  river  of  Che- 
bar.  And  I  fell  on  my  face.  ^^  Then  the  Spirit  entered  into  me,  and 
set  me  upon  my  feet,  and  spake  with  me,  and  said  unto  me,  "  Go,  shut 
thyself  within  thy  house.  '-^^  But  thou,  O  son  of  man,  behold  !  they 
shall  put  bands  upon  thee,  and  shall  bind  thee  with  them,  and  thou 
shalt  not  go  out  among  them  ;  ^"^  and  "I  will  make  thy  tongue  cleave 
to  the  roof  of  thy  mouth,  that  thou  shalt  be  dumb,  and  shalt  not  be  to 
them  *a  reprover  :  for  they  are  a  rebellious  house.  -^  But  when  I  speak 
with  thee,  I  will  open  thy  mouth,  and  thou  shalt  say  unto  them,  thus 
saith  the  Lord  God,  He  that  heareth,  let  him  hear  ;  and  he  that  for- 
beareth,  let  him  forbear :  for  they  are  a  rebellious  house." 

^ "  Thou  also,  son  of  man,  take  thee  a  tile,  and  lay  it  Ezekiel  iv  (=5) 
before  thee,  and  portray  upon  it  the  city,  even  Jerusalem, 
2  And  lay  siege  against  it,  and  build  a  fort  against  it,  and  cast  a 
mount  against  it ;  set  the  camp  also  against  it,  and  set  tbattering  rams 
against  it  round  about.  ^  Moreover  take  thou  unto  thee  tan  iron  pan, 
and  set  it  for  a  wall  of  iron  between  tiiee  and  the  city  :  and  set 
thy  face  against  it,  and  it  shall  be  besieged,  and  thou  shalt  lay  siege 
against  it.This  shall  be  a  sign  to  the  house  of  Israel.  ''Lie  thou  also 
upon  thy  left  side,  and  lay  the  iniquity  of  the  house  of  Israel  upon  it : 
according  to  the  number  of  the  days  that  thou  shalt  lie  upon  it  thou 
shalt  bear  their  iniquity.  ^  For  I  have  laid  upon  thee  the  years  of  their 
iniquity,  according  to  the  number  of  the  days,  three  hundred  and  ninety 
days :  ''so  shalt  thou  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  house  of  Israel.  ^  And 
when  thou  hast  accomplished  them,  lie  again  on  thy  right  side,  and 
thou  shalt  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  house  of  Judah  forty  days  :  I  have  ap- 
pointed thee  *each  day  for  a  year.  '^  Therefore  thou  shalt  set  thy  face 
toward  the  siege  of  Jerusalem,  and  thine  arm  shall  be  uncovered,  and 
thou  shalt  prophesy  against  it.  ^  And,  behold,  I  will  lay  bands  upon 
thee,  and  thou  shalt  not  turn  thee  tfrom  one  side  to  another,  till  thou 
hast  ended  the  days  of  thy  siege. 

^  "  Take  thou  also  unto  thee  wheat,  and  barley,  and  beans,  and  len- 
tils, and  millet,  and  tfitches,  and  put  them  in  one  vessel,  and  make 
thee  bread  thereof,  according  to  the  number  of  the  days  that  thou 


(23)  Bishop  Warburton  has  some  curious  obser- 
vations on  the  emblematical  mode  of  teaching  by 
the  use  of  types,  an  instance  of  which  we  read  in 
this  chapter.  Language,  he  observes,  as  appears 
from  the  nature  of  the  thing,  from  the  records  of 
history,  and  from  the  remains  of  the  most  ancient 
languages  yet  remaining,  was  at  first  extremely 
rude,  narrow,  and  equivocal ;  so  tiiat  men  would 
be  perpetually  at  a  loss,  on  any  new  conception,  or 
uncommon  accident,  to  explain  themselves  intelli- 
gibly to  one  another.  The  art  of  enlarging  lan- 
guafre  by  a  scientific  analogy  being  a  late  invention, 
tliis'would  necessarily  set  them  upon  supplying  the 
deficiencies  of  speech  by  apt  and  significant  signs. 
Accordingly,  in  the  first  ages  of  the  world,  mutual 
converse  was  upheld  by  a  mixed  discourse  of  words 
and  ACTIONS.  Hence  came  the  Eastern  phrase 
of  the  voice  of  the  sign  (Exod.  iv.  8.)  ;  and  use  and 
custom,  as  in  most  other  affairs  of  life,  improving 
what  had  arisen  out  of  necessity,  into  ornament, 
this  practice  subsisted  long  after  the  necessity  was 
over  ;  especially  among  the  Eastern  people,  whose 
natural  temperament  inclined  them  to  a  mode  of 
conversation,  which  so  well  exercised  tlieir  vivacity, 
by  motion  ;  and  so  much  gratified  it,  by  a  perpetual 
representation  of  material  images.  Of  this  we 
have  innumerable  instances  in  Holy  Scripture,  as, 
where  the  false  prophet  pushed  with  horns  of  iron, 
to  denote  the  entire  overthrow  of  the  Syrians — 
where    Jeremiah,   by    God's   direction,  hides   the 


linen  girdle  in  a  hole  of  the  xock  near  Euphrates — 
where  he  breaks  a  potter's  vessel  in  sight  of  the 
people — puts  on  bonds,  and  yokes,  and  casts  a  book 
into  the  Euphrates — where  Ezekiel,  by  the  same  ap- 
pointment, delineates  the  siege  of  Jerusalem  on  a 
tile — weighs  the  hair  of  his  beard  in  balances — 
carries  out  his  household  stuff— and  joins  together 
the  two  sticks  for  Judah  and  Israel.  By  these  ac- 
tions the  prophets  instructed  the  people  in  the  will 
of  God,  and  conversed  with  them  in  signs  :  but 
where  God  teaches  the  prophet,  and,  in  compliance 
with  the  custom  of  that  time,  condescends  to  the 
same  mode  of  instruction,  then  the  significative 
action  is  generally  changed  into  a  vision,  either 
natural,  or  extraordinary  :  as  where  the  prophet  is 
bid  to  regard  the  rod  of  the  almond  tree — the  seeth- 
ing pot— the  work  on  the  potter's  wheel— the 
basket  of  good  and  bad  figs— and  the  prophet 
Ezekiel  the  ideal  scene  of  the  resurrection  of  dry 
bones.  The  significative  action  was,  though  gener- 
ally, not  always  changed  into  a  vision.  For  as 
sometimes,  where  the  instruction  was  for  the  people, 
the  significative  action  was,  perhaps,  in  vision  :  so 
sometimes  again,  though  the  information  was  only 
for  the  prophet,  God  would  set  him  upon  a  real 
expressive  action,  whose  obvious  meaning  convey- 
ed the  intelligence  proposed,  or  souglit.  See  the 
whole  extract. — Divine  LegatioJt,  vol.  iii.  b.  iv.  p. 
105,  &c.  4th  edit. 


dAc.  10, 

,  14. 

e  Ex.  22, 
11.  40.  ■ 

,31.  Le. 
fc  17.  15. 

/De.  14. 
65.4. 

3.  Is. 

f  Le.26. 
105.  16. 

26.  Ps. 
Is.  3.  1. 

i  Soe  Le.  21.  5. 
Is.  7.  20. 


953     EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM.     [Period  VII. 

shall  lie  upon  tliy  side,  three  hundred  and  ninety  days  shalt  thou  eat 
thereof.  ^'^  And  thy  meat  which  thou  shalt  eat  shall  be  by  weight, 
twenty  shekels  a  day:  from  time  to  time  shalt  thou  eat  it.  ^^Thou 
shalt  drink  also  water  by  measure,  the  sixth  part  of  a  hin  :  from  time 
to  time  shalt  thou  drink.  ^'~  And  thou  shalt  eat  it  as  barley  cakes,  and 
thou  shalt  bake  it  with  dung  that  cometh  out  of  man,  in  their  sight." 
'"°"  ■  ■  '•'And  the  Lord  said,  '-Even  thus  'shall  the  children  of  Israel  eat 

their  defiled  bread  among  the  Gentiles,  whither  I  will  drive  them." 

'^  Then  said  I,  "  Ah  ''Lord  God  !  behold,  my  soul  hath  not  been 
polluted  :  for  from  my  youth  up  even  till  now  have  I  not  eaten  of  'that 
which  dieth  of  itself,  or  is  torn  in  pieces  ;  neither  came  there  -'^abom- 
inable  flesh  into  my  mouth."  ^-^Tlien  he  said  unto  me,  "  Lo !  I  have 
given  thee  cow's  dung  for  man's  dung,  and  thou  shalt  prepare  thy  bread 
therewith."  "^  Moreover  he  said  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  !  behold,  I 
will  break  the  '"staff  of  bread  in  Jerusalem.  And  they  shall  eat  bread 
by  weight,  and  with  care  ;  and  they  shall  drink  water  by  measure,  and 
with  astonishment :  ^~  that  they  may  want  bread  and  water,  and  be 
astonished  one  with  another,  and  ''consume  away  for  their  iniquity." 

' ''  And  thou,  son  of  man,  take  thee  a  sharp  knife,  take  Ezekiel  v. 
thee  a  barber's  razor,  'and  cause  it  to  pass  upon  thy  head 
and  upon  thy  beard  :  then  take  thee  balances  to  weigh,  and  divide 
the  hair.  -  Thou  shalt  burn  with  fire  a  third  part  in  the  midst  of  the 
city,  when  the  days  of  the  siege  are  fulfilled:  and  thou  shalt  take  a 
third  f)art,  and  smite  about  it  with  a  knife  :  and  a  third  part  thou  shilt 
scatter  in  the  wind  ;  and  I  will  draw  out  a  sword  after  them.  ^  Thou 
*Heh.  wings.  gj^^^jj  ,^^^^  ^^^j.^  thcieof  a  few  in  number,  and  bind  them  in  thy  *skirts. 
"*  Then  take  of  them  again,  and  cast  them  into  the  midst  of  the  fire, 
and  burn  them  in  the  fire  ;  for  thereof  shall  a  fire  come  forth  into  all 
the  house  of  Israel." 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
This  is  Jerusalem  : 

I  have  set  it  in  the  midst  of  the  nations 
And  countries  that  are  round  about  her. 
^  And  she  hath  changed  my  judgments  into  wickedness  more  than 
the  nations, 
And  my  statutes  more  than  the  countries  that  are  round  about  her ; 
For  they  have  refused  my  judgments  and  my  statutes, 
They  have  not  walked  in  them. 
■^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Because    ye    multiplied    more    than   the   nations    that  are   round 

about  you, 
And  have  not  walked  in  my  statutes, 
Neither  have  kept  my  judgments, 
Neither  have  done  according  to  the  judgments 
Of  the  nations  that  are  round  about  you  ; 
^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God; 
Behold,  I,  even  I,  am  against  thee. 
And  will  execute  judgments  in  the  midst  of  thee 
In  the  sight  of  the  nations. 
'I'^^.'Am.'x^:^'    ^  A"fl  'I  will  do  in  thee  that  which  I  have  not  done. 
And  whercunto  I  will  not  do  any  more  the  like. 
Because  of  all  thine  abominations. 
*a^.'.H3.'''b  Ki."?"   ^°  Therefore  the  fathers  ''shall  eat  the  sons  in  the  midst  of  thee, 
!?a.-'2.-2o.&4.         ^'^'1^1  t'l'^'  «<^'"s  shall  eat  their  fathers  ; 
10.  Bdr.2.  3.  And  I  will  execute  judgments  in  thee, 

'^.^'.ZeiH''.'        And  the  whole  remnant  of  tliee  will  I  'scatter  into  all  the  winds. 
^-  "  Wherefore,  as  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God, 


Par-.  II.]        EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM.        959 

m2Ch.3G.  14.  Surely,  because    thou    hast   "defiled    my   sanctuary  with    all    thy 

detestable  things, 
And  with  all  thine  abominations, 
Therefore  will  I  also  diminish  thee  ; 
Neither  shall  mine  eye  spare, 
Neither  will  I  have  any  pity. 
nJe.  15.2.  & 21.  12  \  "third  part  of  thee  shall  die  with  the  pestilence, 
^'  And  with  famine  shall  they  be  consumed  in  the  midst  of  thee : 

And  a  third  part  shall  fall  by  the  sword  round  about  thee  ; 
oJc.  9. 16.  And  "I  will  scatter  a  third  part  into  all  the  winds, 

And  I  will  draw  out  a  sword  after  them. 
13  Thus  shall  mine  anger  be  accomplished, 
And  I  will  cause  my  fury  to  rest  upon  them, 
p De. 32. 36.  Is.         And  ''I  Will  be  comforted  ; 
^'  "^^^  And  they  shall  know  that  I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it  in  my  zeal, 

When  I  have  accomplished  my  fury  in  them. 
?Le  26.31,32.    14  Morcovcr  'I  will  make  thee  waste, 
'  '  ■  ''  And  a  reproach  among  the  nations  that  are  round  about  thee, 

In  the  sight  of  all  that  pass  by. 
••D^-^s.s?^^      15  go  it  shall  be 'a  reproach  and  a  taunt, 

79.4.Je/24.''9.        An  iustruction  and  an  astonishment  unto  the  nations  that  are  round 
about  thee. 
When  I  shall  execute  judgments  in  thee 
In  anger  and  in  fury  and  in  furious  rebukes, 
(I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it.) 
,  De.  32. 23, 24.    16  When  I  shall  'send  upon  them  the  evil  arrows  of  famine, 
Which  shall  be  for  their  destruction. 
And  which  I  will  send  to  destroy  you. 
And  I  will  increase  the  famine  upon  you, 
tLe.26.26.  And  will  break  your  'staff  of  bread  : 

u  Le.  26. 22.  De.  17  g^  will  I  scud  upou  you  famine  and  "evil  beasts, 
And  they  shall  bereave  thee  ; 

And  pestilence  and  blood  shall  pass  through  thee  ; 
And  I  will  bring  the  sword  upon  thee. 
I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it. 

1  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,         Ezekiel  vi 
2  Son  of   man,  set  thy  face  toward  the  mountains  of 
Israel,  and  prophesy  against  them,  ^and  say, — 

Ye  mountains  of  Israel,  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  God  ! 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  to  the  mountains,  and  to  the  hills, 
To  the  rivers,  and  to  the  valleys  ; 
Behold,  I,  even  I,  will  bring  a  sword  upon  you, 
t,Le.26. 30.  And  T  will  destroy  your  high  places. 

^  And  your  altars  shall  be  desolate, 
t  Or,  sunjma^^es,       And  your  timagcs  shall  be  broken  ; 
«rLe.'°26.''3o. '  And  "I  Will  cast  down  your  slain  men  before  your  idols. 

tneb.g^ve.         5  And  I  will  tlay  the  dead  carcasses  of  the  children  of  Israel  before 
their  idols  ; 
And  I  will  scatter  your  bones  round  about  your  altars. 
6  In  all  your  dwelling-places  the  cities  shall  be  laid  waste, 
And  the  high  places  shall  be  desolate  ; 
That  your  "altars  may  be  laid  waste  and  made  desolate, 
And  your  idols  may  be  broken  and  cease, 
And  your  images  may  be  cut  down, 
And  your  works  may  be  abolished. 
^  And  the  slain  shall  fall  in  the  midst  of  you, 
And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 


960     EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM.     [Period  VII 


•  Or,  desolate 
from  the  irdder- 
ness. 

y  Xu.  33.  4u.  Je. 
48.  22. 


I  See  Ge.  f!.  13. 
Am.  8.  2.  iMat. 
24.  6,  13,  14. 


t  Heb.  gire. 


oZcp.  1.  M,  IS 
•  Or,  echo. 


®  Yet  "will  I  leave  a  remnant, 

That  ye  may  have  some  that  shall  escape  the  sword  among  the 
nations, 

When  ye  shall  be  scattered  through  the  countries. 
^  And  they  that  escape  of  you  shall  remember  me 

Among  the  nations  whither  they  shall  be  carried  captives, 

Because  I  am  broken 

With  their  whorish  heart,  which  hath  departed  from  me, 

And  with  their  eyes,  which  go  a  whoring  after  their  idols ; 

And  ""they  shall   loathe  themselves  for   tiie   evils  which   they  have 
committed 

In  all  their  abominations. 
^^  And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

And  that  I  have  not  said  in  vain 

Tiiat  I  would  do  this  evil  unto  them. 
^'  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Smite  with  tjjy  hand, 

And  stamp  with  thy  foot,  and  say, 

Alas  for  all  the  evil  abominations  of  the  house  of  Ts»-ael ! 

For  they  shall  fall  by  the  sword,  by  the   famine,  an'i  by  the   pesti- 
^2  He  that  is  far  off  shall  die  of  the  pestilence  ;  [lence. 

And  he  that  is  near  shall  fall  by  the  sword  ; 

And  he  that  remaineth  and  is  besieged  shall  die  by  the  famine  : 

Thus  will  I  accomplish  my  fury  upon  them. 
^^  Then  shall  ye  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

When  their  slain  men  shall  be  among  their  idols  round  about  their 

Upon  every  high  hill,  in  all  the  tops  of  the  mountains.  [altars, 

And  under  every  green  tree,  and  under  every  thick  oak, 

The  place  where  they  did  offer  sweet  savour  to  all  their  idols. 
^*  So  will  I  stretch  out  my  hand  upon  them. 

And  make  the  land  desolate, 

Yea,  *more  desolate  than  the  wilderness  toward  ^Diblafh, 

In  all  their  habitations : 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying  k-vajiel  vii. 
^  Also,  thou  son   of  man,  thus   saith  the  Lord  God   unto 
the  land  of  Israel ; — 

An  'end,  the  end  is  come 

Upon  the  four  corners  of  the  land. 
"  Now  is  the  end  come  upon  thee. 

And  I  will  send  mine  anger  upon  thee, 

And  will  judge  thee  according  to  thy  ways, 

And  will  trecompense  upon  thee  all  thine  abominations. 
^  And  mine  eyes  shall  not  spare  thee, 

Neither  will  I  have  pity  ; 

But  I  will  recompense  thy  ways  upon  thee. 

And  thine  abominations  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  thee  : 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

An  evil,  an  only  evil,  behold,  is  come. 
^  An  end  is  come,  the  end  is  come  : 

It  Iwatcheth  for  thee — behold,  it  is  come  ! 
"^  The  morning  is  come  upon  thee,  O  thou  that  dwellest  in  the  land  ! 

The    time  is  come,  the  day  of  trouble  is  near. 

And  not  tlie  *soundin(T  a^ain  of  tlie  mountains. 
^  Now  will  I  siiortly  |)our  out  my  fury  upon  thee, 

And  accomplish  mine  anger  upon  thee  ; 


Part  II.]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM.     961 


t  Heb.  upon  thee. 


X  Or,  tumult. 

*  Or,  their  lumul- 

tucus  persons. 
b  Je.  16.  5,  6. 


t  Heb.  Though 
their  life  were 
■yet  amonsr  the 
living. 

X  Or,  whose  life 
is  in  his  iniquity. 

*  Heb.  his  i,d- 
quity. 


c  De.  33.  -25.  La. 
1.20. 


X  Heb.  for  a  sepa- 
ration, or,  «Ji- 
cleanness. 

d  Sec  Job  36.  19. 


*  Or,  Because 
their  iniquity  is 
their  stumblmg- 


\  Or,  made  it  unto 
them  an  unclean 
thing. 


X  Or,  burglars. 


And  I  will  judge  thee  according  to  thy  ways, 

And  will  recompense  thee  for  all  thine  abominations. 
^  And  mine  eye  shall  not  spare, 

Neither  will  I  have  pity  : 

I  will  recompense  fthee  according  to  thy  ways 

And  thine  abominations  that  are  in  the  midst  of  thee  ; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  that  smiteth. 
^^  Behold  the  day,  behold,  it  is  come  ! 

The  morning  is  gone  forth  ; 

The  rod  hath  blossomed,  pride  hath  budded. 
^^  Violence  is  risen  up  into  a  rod  of  wickedness: 

None  of  them  shall  remain,  nor  of  their  Imultitude,  nor  of  any  of 

Neither  ''shall  there  be  wailing  for  them.  [*theirs  ;- 

^^  The  time  is  come,  the  day  draweth  near  ! 

Let  not  the  buyer  rejoice,  nor  the  seller  mourn  ; 

For  wrath  is  upon  all  the  multitude  thereof. 
^^  For  the  seller  shall  not  return  to  that  which  is  sold, 

t Although  they  were  yet  alive  : 

For  the  vision  is  touching  the  whole  multitude  thereof, 

Which  shall  not  return  ; 

Neither  shall  any  strengthen  himself  tin  *the  iniquity  of  his  life. 
^"^  They  have  blown  the  trumpet,  even  to  make  all  ready  ; 

But  none  goeth  to  the  battle  : 

For  my  wrath  is  upon  all  the  multitude  thereof. 
^^  The  "sword  is  without,  and  the  pestilence  and  the  famine  within : 

He  that  is  in  the  field  shall  die  with  the  sword  ; 

And  he  that  is  in  the  city,  famine  and  pestilence  shall  devour  him. 
^^  But  they  that  escape  of  them  shall  escape. 

And  shall  be  on  the  mountains  like  doves  of  the  valleys, 

All  of  them  mourning,  every  one  for  his  iniquity. 
^"^  All  hands  shall  be  feeble, 

And  all  knees  shall  tbe  weak  as  water. 
^^  They  shall  also  gird  themselves  with  sackcloth, 

And  horror  shall  cover  them  ; 

And  shame  shall  be  upon  all  faces, 

And  baldness  upon  all  their  heads. 
^^  They  shall  cast  their  silver  in  the  streets, 

And  their  gold  shall  be  tremoved : 

Their  ''silver  and  their  gold  shall  not  be  able  to  deliver  them 

In  the  day  of  the  wrath  of  the  Lord  : 

They  shall  not  satisfy  their  souls,  neither  fill  their  bowels  ; 

*Because  it  is  the  stumbling-block  of  their  iniquity. 

^°  As  for  the  beauty  of  his  ornament,  he  set  it  in  majesty ; 

But  they  made  the  images  of  their  abominations 

And  of  their  detestable  things  therein : 

Therefore  have  I  fset  it  far  from  them. 
^^  And  I  will  give  it  into  the  hands  of  the  strangers  for  a  prey, 

And  to  the  wicked  of  the  earth  for  a  spoil ; 

And  they  shall  pollute  it. 
^^  My  face  will  I  turn  also  from  them, 

And  they  shall  pollute  my  secret  place  ; 

For  the  trobbers  shall  enter  into  it,  and  defile  it. 
^^  Make  a  chain  ; 

For  'the  land  is  full  of  bloody  crimes. 

And  the  city  is  full  of  violence. 
^^  Wherefore  I  will  bring  the  worst  of  the  heathen, 

And  they  shall  possess  their  houses : 

121  4  c 


962 


EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  IDOLATRIES         [Period  VIL 


*  Or,  theij  shall 

inlieril  Vieir  holy 

places, 
t  Heb.  Culling 

off. 
/De.  32.  23.  Je. 

4.20. 
B  Ps.  T4.  9.  La. 

2.9. 


}  Beb.  wiOi  their 
judgments. 


I  will  also  make  the  pomp  of  the  strong  to  cease  ; 

And  "their  holy  places  shall  be  defiled. 
-^  t  Destruction  cometh  ; 

And  they  shall  seek  peace — and  there  shall  be  none. 
^'^  Mischief  -^shall  come  upon  mischief,  and  rumor  shall  be  upon  rumor  ; 

Then  *'shall  they  seek  a  vision  of  the  prophet ; 

But  the  law  shall  perish  from  the  priest, 

And  counsel  from  the  ancients. 
^"^  The  king  shall  mourn, 

And  the  prince  shall  be  clothed  with  desolation, 

And  the  hands  of  the  people  of  the  land  shall  be  troubled  : 

I  will  do  unto  them  after  their  way, 

And  ^according  to  their  deserts  will  I  judge  them  ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 


SECT.  IV.      Section  IV. — EzekicVi 


A.  M.   3410. 
B.  C.  594. 


Vision  of  the  Idolatries  tvhich  occasioned  the  Baby- 
lonish Captivity. 


EzEKiEL  viii.(*)  to 


1-21. 


Ezekiel,  in  a  vision  of  God  at  Jerusalem.  5  is  sJwwed  the  image  of  jealousy .  7  TJie  chambers  oj 
imagery.  13  The  mourners  for  Tammuz,  ]5  the  trorsliippers  loivards  the  sun.  18  God's  wrath 
for  their  idolatry.  —  Chap.  i.\.  I  A  visio7i,  whereby  is  showed  the  preset-ration  of  some,  5  and  the 
destruction  of  the  rest.  H  God  cannot  be  entreated  for  tkem.  —  C\\&Y>.  x-  1  The  vision  of  lite  coals 
O/f  re,  to  be  scattered  over  the  city.  8  The  vision  of  the  cherubim. — Chap.  .\i.  1  Tlie  ■presump- 
tion of  the  princes.  4  Their  sin  and  judgment.  13  Ezekiel  complaining,  God  showeth  him  his 
purpose  in  saving  a  remnant,  21  a?ul  punishing  the  wicked. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  sixth  year,  in  the  sixth  month,  in  the 
fifth  day  of  the  month,  as  I  sat  in  my  house,  and  the  elders  of  Judah 


C^)  It  has  been  already  observed,  (Note  1,  in 
Period  vii.)  that  tliere  were  always  two  parties 
amcng  the  Jews,  the  party  of  the  idolators,  and  that 
of  the  worshippers  of  Jehovah  ;  which  two  parties 
were  in  perpetual  opposition  to  each  other,  and  ob- 
tained the  ascendency  as  either  was  protected  or 
depressed  by  the  sovereign  of  the  nation.  Tiie 
eighth  chapter  of  Ezekiel  contains  a  representation, 
in  a  vision  with  wiiich  the  prophet  was  favored,  of 
the  total  apostacy  of  the  heads  of  the  Jewish  nation 
from  the  religion  of  their  forefathers.  They  had 
gradually  become  more  and  more  corrupted,  alter 
the  establislinient  of  idolatry  by  Solomon;  and  the 
period  of  their  long-threatened  punishment  was 
rapidly  approaching.  By  the  time  the  sins  of  this 
wretched  people  vv(>re  ripe  for  the  punishment  of 
their  approaching  captivity,  they  had  polluted  them- 
selves with  all  kinds  of  Egyptian  abominations.  In 
this  vision  of  Ezekiel,  their  tliree  chief  idolatries  are 
graphically  described.  The  image  of  Jealousy  is 
supposed  to  have  been  either  an  image  of  Baal, 
which  had  been  erected  by  Manasseh,  and  though 
destroyed  by  his  successor,  J.jsiah,  had  been  again 
restored,  or  an  image  of  Adonis.  The  first  of 
their  principal  idolatries.  Bishop  Warburton  sup- 
poses to  have  been  the  Egyptian  superstitions.  Tlie 
tenth  verse,  "  I  went  in,  and  saw,  and  behold  every 
form  of  creeping  tilings,  and  abominable  beasts,  and 
all  the  idols  of  Israel  portrayed  upon  the  wall 
round  about  "  He  interprets,  as  descriptive  of  that 
peculiar  imagery,  some  of  which  is  still  seen  in  the 
Isiac  or  Bembine  table.  Mr.  Faber  supposes  them 
to  have  been  the  monstrous  forms  of  those  idols, 
which  the  Israelites  had  borrowed  from  the  astro- 
nomical mythology  of  the  surrounding  nations.  Pos- 
sibly tiiey  were  images  of  tlie  same  nature  as  those 
which  our  enterprising  countrymen  have  recently 
discovered  in  the  Egyptian  temples.  Bishop  War- 
burton  further  conjectures,  that  the  passage  (in 
chap,  viii  yer.  (1-1:$.)  contains  a  very  lively  and 
circumstantial  account  of  the  celebrated  mvsteries 
of  Isis  and  Osiris.  The  most  solemn  celebration  of 
these  mysteries  was  attended  by  none  but  princes, 
rulers,  and  the  wisest  of  the  people.    The  "  seventy 


men  of  the  ancients  of  the  house  of  Israel,"  (ver. 
11.)  were  the  Sanhedrin  ;  the  appointed  and  conse- 
crated preservers  of  the  Law,  and  the  teachers  of 
the  people.  Even  these  had  all  apostatized  ;  and 
were  devoting  themselves  to  those  corrupt  super- 
stitions, in  which  only  the  most  distinguished  ad- 
herents to  this  prevailing  idolatry  were  initiated, 
and  to  which  it  was  considered  an  lionor  to  be 
admitted. 

The  second  principal  idolatry  seen  by  Ezekiel, 
as  practised  among  the  Jews,  was  the  Phoenician. 
He  looks  toward  the  gate  of  the  Lord's  house, 
which  was  towards  the  north  (ver.  14.)  ;  that  is, 
in  his  vision  he  looks  towards  Phosnicia,  and  sees, 
even  at  the  gate  of  the  tem])le,  "  women  weeping^ 
for  Tammuz,''  or  Adonis  This  idolatry,  according 
to  the  Phoenician  custom,  was  practised  in  the  open 
day  :  and  the  apostacy  among  the  Jews  was  repre- 
sented as  so  general,  that  the  women  indulged  in 
the  superstition  of  Phcenicia,  even  in  the  presence 
of  the  temple  of  Jehovah. 

The  third  principal  idolatry  by  which  the  people 
had  now  debased  themselves,  was  the  Persian,  (ver. 
Ki.)  "  Behold,  at  the  door  of  the  temple  of  the 
Lord,  between  the  porch  and  the  altar,  were  about 
five  and  twenty  men,  vvitii  their  backs  towards  the 
temple  of  tlie  Lord,  and  their  faces  toward  the  east; 
and  they  worship()ed  the  sun  toward  the  east." 
In  this  representation,  the  very  interior  of  the  tem- 
ple of  Jehovah  is  polluted.  The  space  between  the 
temple  and  the  altar,  where  the  Jewish  priests  in- 
voked the  mercy  of  Jehovah  for  the  peo])le,  was 
profaned,  (Joel  ii.  17.)  The  five  and  twenty  men, 
mentioned  ver.  Ki,  were  probably  the  twelve  priests, 
and  the  twelve  Levites  of  the  weekly  service,  with 
the  high  priest  at  their  head.  It  was  the  custom 
of  the  Jews  to  turn  their  faces  towards  the  tcin|ile, 
when  they  worshipped,  (Dan.  vi.  10.)  But,  in  this 
vision,  Ezekiel  sees  that  even  the  priests  turn  their 
backs  upon  the  temple  ofJehovali;  thereby  con- 
temptuously e.\pressing  their  disregard  of  the  God 
of  their  fathers,  and  their  preference  for  the  ancient 
idolatries  of  Chaldea.  He  sees  the  legislature,  the 
women,  and  the  priesthood,  alike  corrupt  and  given 


j^RT  11.]  WHICH  OCCASIONED  THE  CAPTIVITY.  963 

sat  before  me,  that  the  hand  of  the  Lord  God  fell  there  upon  me. 
2  Then  I  beheld,  and,  lo,  a  likeness  as  the  appearance  of  fire  !  from  the 
appearance  of  his  loins  even  downward,  fire  ;  and  from  his  loins  even 
upward,  as  the  appearance  of  brightness,  as  the  color  of  amber.  ^  And 
Da.  5. 5.  "i^g  put  forth  the  form  of  a  hand,  and  took  me  by  a  lock  of  my  head ; 

and  the  Spirit  lifted  me  up  between  the  earth  and  the  heaven,  and 
brought  me  in  the  visions  of  God  to  Jerusalem,  to  the  door  of  the 
inne?gate  that  looketh  toward  the  north;  where  was  the  scat  of  the 
ite.  32. 16,21.  image  of  Jealousy,  which  'provoketh  to  jealousy.  •»  And,  behold,  the 
glory  of  the  God  of  Israel  was  there,  according  to  the  vision  that  T 
saw  in  the  plain. 

5  Then  said  he  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  1  lift  up  thine  eyes  now  the 
way  toward  the  north."  So  I  lifted  up  mine  eyes  the  way  toward  the 
north,  and  behold  northward  at  the  gate  of  the  altar  this  image  of 
Jealousy  in  the  entry.  ^  He  said  furthermore  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  ! 
seest  thou  what  they  do  ?  even  the  great  abominations  that  the  house 
of  Israel  committeth  here,  that  I  should  go  far  oft^  from  my  sanctuary  ? 
but  turn  thee  yet  again,  and  thou  shalt  see  greater  abominations." 

^  And  he  brought  me  to  the  door  of  the  court ;  and  when  I  looked, 
behold  a  hole  in  the  wall.  ^  Then  said  he  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  !  dig 
now  in  the  wall ;  "  and  when  I  had  digged  in  the  wall,  behold  a  door. 
9  And  he  said  unto  me,  '•  Go  in,  and  behold  the  wicked  abominations 
that  they  do  here."  '^  So  I  went  in  and  saw  ;  and  behold  every  form 
of  creeping  things,  and  abominable  beasts,  and  all  the  idols  of  the 
house  of  Israel,  portrayed  upon  the  wall  round  about.  '•  And  there 
stood  before  them  seventy  men  of  the  ancients  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
and  in  the  midst  of  them  stood  Jaazaniah  the  son  of  Shaphan,  with 
every  man  his  censer  in  his  hand  ;  and  a  thick  cloud  of  incense  went 
up.  12  Then  said  he  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man  !  hast  thou  seen  what  the 
ancients  of  the  house  of  Israel  do  in  the  dark,  every  man  in  the  cham- 
bers of  his  imagery  ?  for  they  say,  '  The  Lord  seeth  us  not ;  the  Lord 
hath  forsaken  the  earth.'  " 

13  He  said  also  unto  me,  "  Turn  thee  yet  again,  and  thou  shalt  see 
greater  abominations  that  they  do."  '^  Then  he  brought  me  to  the  door 
of  the  gate  of  the  Lord's  house  which  was  toward  the  north  ;  and, 
behold,  there  sat  women  weeping  for  Tammuz. 

15  Then  said  he  unto  me,  "  Hast  thou  seen  this,  O  son  of  man  ?  turn 
thee  yet  again,  and  thou  shalt  see  greater  abominations  than  these." 
16  And  he  brought  me  into  the  inner  court  of  the  Lord's  house,  and, 
behold,  at  the  door  of  the  temple  of  the  Lord,  between  the  porch  and 
the  altar,  were  about  five  and  twenty  men,  with  their  backs  toward  the 
temple  of  the  Lord,  and  their  faces  toward  the  east ;  and  they  wor- 
c  De.  4. 19.  ^  Ki.  shipped 'the  sun  toward  the  east. 

i:5'c!'4:i'i7.''"  17 Then  he  said  unto  me,  "  Hast  thou  seen  this,  O  son  of  man?  ns 
*  Or,  Is  there  any  j^.  ^  Htrht  thin"-  to  the  liousc  of  Judah  that  they  commit  the  abomina- 
f;:<;;!;fr'*''"tions  which  They  commit  here?  for  they  have  "filled  the  land  with 
dGe.e.n.  violence,  and  have  returned  to  provoke  me  to  anger;  and,  lo  !  they 
''hlMJ's'':^r  put  the  ^branch  to  their  nose,  i^  Therefore  will  I  also  deal  m  fury: 
SeSBa'roS  mine  eye  shall  not  spare,  neither  will  I  have  pity;  and  though  they 
in  their  left  hand  '^^y  jj-j  jj^j^e  cars  witli  a  loud  voice,  yet  will  I  not  hear  them." 
Jo'uiei'S''"^  1  He  cried  also  in  mine  ears  with  a  loud  voice,  saying,  Ezekiel  ix.P^) 
e'ie  joITt^q.'     "  Causc  them  that  have  charge  over  the  city  to  draw  near^ 

to  idolatry;  and  he  is  compelled   to  acknowledge  will  recompense   their   way    upon  their    head.'^ 

the  undoubted  justice  of  those  severe  judgments,  Faber's  Pag.  Idol  vol.  i.  p.  208  ,  Warburton  s  Vi 

which  God  was  now  about  to  inflict  on  thein  ;  and  vineLeaaUon,  vol    i.  b   ^^h^J.     ,h;Dreservation 

which  are  represented  in  such  strono-  language  in  (^^    The  ninth  chapter  foretells  tlit   preservation 

hrcrcTudrnTversesofthenin  f  ^^^  ^"^ -^^ ""' 'T^reWrs'aXeoS"^ 

eye  shall  not  spare,  neither  will  I  have  pity  :  but  I     the  idolaters,  beginning  at  the  elders  and  people  in 


k-2  Ki.  21.  16. 


9(54  EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  IDOLATRIES         [Period  VII. 

even  every  man  with  his  destroying  weapon  in  his  hand."  ^And.  be- 

t  Heb.  w  turned.  Jjold,  si.\  men   came   from   the  way  of  the   higher  gate,  which  theth 

tReb.  a  weapon  toward   the  north,  and  every  man  ta  slaughter  weapon  in  fiis  hand; 

in^ecM.    "^  -^and  one  man  among  them  was  clothed  with  linen,  with  a  writer's  ink- 

/Le.  16.  4.  Re.  j^Q^n    bv  liis  sidc  ;  and  they  went  in,  and  stood  beside  the  brazen  altar. 

*  Heh.  upon  his  ^And  tlic  glory  of  the  God  of  Israel  was  gone  up  from  the  cherub, 
^"^-  whereupon  he  was,  to  the  threshold  of  the  house. 

And  he  called  to  the  man  clothed  with  linen,  which  had  the  writer's 

inkhorn  by  his  side  ;  "'and  the  Lord  said  unto  him,  "  Go  through  the 

tHeb.  mart^a  ^   Hiidst  of  the  city,  througli  the  midst  of  Jerusalem,  and  fset  a  mark 

Re.7. 3!'&9."4!  upon  tlic  forchcads  of  the  men  ^that  sigh  and  that  cry  for  all  the 

20.4.    '    '       abominations  that  be  done  in  the  midst  thereof.'" 

*jr%y  n^aco'  "'And  to  the  others  he  said  in  Imy  hearing,  "  Go  ye  after  him  through 
12.' 21.  2Pe. 2.  the  city,  and  smite.  Let  not  your  eye  spare,  neither  have  ye  pity: 
J  Heb.  mine  ears.  ^  slay  *  utterly   old  and   young,  both   maids,   and   little   children,  and 

*  Heb.  u  destruc-  womcn  ;  but  '"come  not  near  any  man  upon  whom  is  the  mark  ;  and 
kRel  4!  '^'  begin  at  my  sanctuary."  'Then  they  began  at  the  ancient  men  which 
t je. 25. 29. 1  Pe.  wcrc  bcforc  the  house.  "And  he  said  unto  them,  '-Defile  the  house, 

'■  ^^'  and  fill  the  courts  with  the  slain:  go  ye  forth."  And  they  went  forth, 

and  slew  in  the  city. 

®  And  it  came  to  pass,  while  they  were  slaying  them,  and  I  was  left, 
that  I  -'fell  upon  my  face,  and  cried,  and  said,  "  Ah  Lord  God  !  wilt 
thou  destroy  all  the  residue  of  Israel  in  thy  pouring  out  of  thy  fury  upon 
Jerusalem?  "  ^Then  said  he  unto  me,  '•  The  iniquity  of  the  house  of 
Israel  and  Judah  is  exceeding  great,  and  *the  land  is  tfull  of  blood,  and 
I  ot  wrLinffof  ^^^  ^^^y  ^"'^  °^  Iperverseness  ;  for  they  say,  '  The  Lord  liath  forsaken 
judgment.  the  cartli,  and  the  Lord  seeth  not.'   ^'^  And  as  for  me  also,  mine  eye 

shall  not  spare,  neither  will  I  have  pity,  but  I  will  recompense  their 
way  upon  their  head." 

^^  And,  behold,  the  man  clothed  with  linen,  which  had  the  inkhorn 
'tT/l^'ord""'"'     by  '^'^   ^'^^'   ^reported  the  matter,  saying,  "  I  have  done  as  thou  hast 
commanded  me." 

^  Then  I  looked,  and,  behold,  in  the  firmament  that  was      Ezekikl  x. 

the  temple.     The  vision  of  the  coals  of  fire   to  be  of  the  pitiful  women  have  sodden  their  own  chil- 

scattered  over  Jerusalem,  and  that  of  the  Siiechinah  dren  ;  "  and  in  ver.  4,  "  They  that  were  brouglit  up 

departinir  from  the  temple,  prcfiiruro  the  destruction  in  scarlet  embrace  dunghills."     In  both  sieges  the 

of  tliat  city,  and  Jehovah  forsaking  the   sanctuary,  courts  of  the  temple  were  defiled  with  the  blood  of 

Ezekiel  (ch.  x.  ver.  5.)  describing  the  glory  of  the  the  slain,  (Ezek.  ix.  7.)     Josephus,  in  relating  tlie 

Lord  leaving  the  temple  of  Jerusalem;  '•  The  sound  dreadful  famine  that  prevailed  at  the  final  destruc- 

of  the  cherubim's  wings  was  heard  even  to  the  outer  tion  of  the  temple,  says,  "  The  city  was  well  nigh 

court,  as  the  voice  of  the  Alujighty  God  when  he  depopulated     Their  hunger  was  so  intolerable,  that 

speaketh."     Josephus,  in  his  account  of  the  prodi-  they  galliered  and  eat  such  things  as  the  most  filthy 

gies  which  preceded  the  second  capture  of  the  tern-  animals    would    not  touch;  nor   did   they   abstain 

pie,  relates,  "  On  the  feast  of  Pentecost,  the  priests  from  their  girdles,  shoes,  nor  the  very  leather  that 

having  come  by  night  into  the  inner  temple  toper-  belonged  to   their  shieldis.     A  handful   of  old  hay 

form  tlieir  required  services,  according  to  their  cus-  was  sold  for  four  atticks.     A  woman  of  the   name 

torn,  affirmed  they  first  heard  a  motion,  and  a  noise,  of  Mary,  daughter  of  Eleazer,  opulent,  and   nol)]y 

and  after  that  a  voice  as  of  a  great  multitude,  which  descended,  who  had  fled  to  Jerusalem   for  protec- 

said, '  Let  us  depart  hence.'  "    There  appears  a  stri-  tion,  after  trying  every  means  to  provoke  the  faction 

king  similarity  of  expressions  and  circumstances  in  to  put  her   to   death,  formed  the   most  horrid  and 

these  two  passages:  and,  on  comparing  the  sublime  unnatural  resolution  of  destroying  her  own  infant, 

and  terrible  account  of  the  final  destruction  of  the  then  at  tlie  breast.     She  slew  her  child,  dressed  it, 

temple  by   Titus,  given  by  the   Jewish   historian,  and  having  eaten   one   part   herself,  presented  the 

with  the  brief  narrative  of  the  first  siege  and  capture  remainder  of  this  inhuman  repast  to  those   robbers, 

of  the  city  related  by  Jeremiah,  and   in  the  books  who,  for  their  own  subsistence,  were  in  the  constant 

of  Chronicles  and  Kings,  the  parallel  will  be  found  practice    of  depriving  her  of  her    daily    support." 

so  exact  in  a  great  number  of  instances,  that   tlie  Compare    Josephus,    book  vii.  witli  Lamentations, 

one  evidently  appears  a  type  of  the  other.     In  the  particularly  chapters  ii.  and  iv. 
first  siege,  Moses  predicts  a  most  fearful   famine.         The  elev<'ntli  chapter  of  Ezekiel  contains  a  pre- 

Levit.  xxvi.  29.  and  in  Deut.   xxviii.  5:3.     "  Tiiou  diction  of  the  destruction  of  those  wicked  princes 

shalt  eat  tlie  fruit  of  thine   own  body,  the  flesh  of  and  people  who  remained   in    Jerusalem,  deriding 

thy  sons,  and  of  thy  daughters,  which  the  Lord  thy  the  types  and  denunciations  of  the   prophets,  and 

God  hath  given  thee,  in  the  siege  and  in  the  strait-  whosV  counsel  •'  filled  the  streets  thereof  with  the 

ness  wherewith  thine  enemies  shall  distress  thee."  slain."    The  return  of  the  Jews  from  their  captivity 

Jeremiah  (ch.  xix.   ver.  '.».)   foretells  the  same  ca-  is  foretold,  ver.  14  to  22. 
lamity  ;  and  we  find,  in  Lam.  iv.  10.  lliat  '■  the  hands 


Part  II.] 


WHICH  OCCASIONED  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


965 


t  Heb.  the  hollow 

of  thy  hand. 
I  See  Re.  8.  5. 


J  Heb.  was  Ufled 
up. 
m  1  Ki.  8.  10,  11. 


0  Ez.  I.  15,  &c. 


t  neh.fiesh. 


X  Or,  they  wer 
called  in  my 


'  Wheel,''  or, 
'Oalgal." 


Oi,  of  life. 


above  the  head  of  the  cherubim  there  appeared  over  them  as  it  were 
a  sapphire-stone,  as  the  appearance  of  the  hkeness  of  a  throne. 
2  And  he  spake  unto  the  man  clothed  with  Unen,  and  said,  "  Go  in 
between  the  wheels,  even  under  the  cherub,  and  fill  tthy  hand  with 
coals  of  fire  from  between  the  cherubim,  aijd  'scatter  them  over  the 
city."   And  he  went  in  in  my  sight. 

^  Now  the  cherubim  stood  on  the  right  side  of  the  house,  when  the 
man  went  in  ;  and  the  cloud  filled  the  inner  court.  "*  Then  the  glory 
of  the  Lord  twent  up  from  the  cherub,  and  stood  over  the  threshold 
of  the  house  ;  and  "the  house  was  filled  with  the  cloud,  and  the  court 
was  full  of  the  brightness  of  the  Lord's  glory.  ^  And  the  sound  of  the 
cherubim's  wings  was  heard  even  to  the  outer  court,  as  "the  voice  of 
the  Almighty  God  when  he  speaketh. 

''And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  he  had  commanded  the  man 
clothed  with  linen,  saying,  "  Take  fire  from  between  the  wheels,  from 
between  the  cherubim  ;"  then  he  went  in,  and  stood  beside  the  wheels. 
■^  And  one  cherub  *stretched  forth  his  hand  from  between  the  cherubim 
unto  the  fire  that  was  between  the  cherubim,  and  took  thereof,  and 
put  it  into  the  hands  of  him  that  was  clothed  with  linen,  who  took  it, 
and  went  out. 

s  And  there  appeared  in  the  cherubim  the  form  of  a  man's  hand 
under  their  wings.  ^  And  "when  I  looked,  behold  the  four  wheels  by 
the  cherubim,  one  wheel  by  one  cherub,  and  another  wheel  by  another 
cherub  ;  and  the  appearance  of  the  wheels  was  as  the  color  of  a  beryl 
stone.  ^^  And  as  for  their  appearances,  they  four  had  one  likeness,  as 
if  a  wheel  had  been  in  the  midst  of  a  wheel.  ^^  When  they  went,  they 
went  upon  their  four  sides  ;  they  turned  not  as  they  went,  but  to  the 
place  whither  the  head  looked  they  followed  it ;  they  turned  not  as 
they  went.  ^'^  And  their  whole  tbody,  and  their  backs,  and  their  hands, 
and  their  wings,  and  the  wheels,  were  full  of  eyes  round  about,  even 
the  wheels  that  they  four  had.  '^  As  for  the  wheels,  tit  was  cried  unto 
them  in  my  hearing,  "  O  wheel '."  •^  And  every  one  had  four  faces  :  the 
first  face  was  the  face  of  a  cherub,  and  the  second  face  was  the  face 
of  a  man,  and  the  third  the  face  of  a  lion,  and  the  fourth  the  face  of 
an  eagle.  ^^  And  the  cherubim  were  lifted  up.  This  is  the  living 
creature  that  I  saw  by  the  river  of  Chebar. 

^^  And  when  the  cherubim  went,  the  wheels  went  by  them  ;  and 
when  the  cherubim  lifted  »ip  their  wings  to  mount  up  from  the  earth, 
the  same  wheels  also  turned  not  from  beside  them.  ^^  When  they  stood, 
these  stood  ;  and  when  they  were  lifted  up,  these  lifted  up  themselves 
also  :   for  the  spirit  *of  the  living  creature  was  in  them. 

IS  Then  the  glory  of  the  Lord  departed  from  off  the  threshold  of  the 
house,  and  stood  over  the  cherubim.  '^  And  the  cherubim  lifted  up 
their  wings,  and  mounted  up  from  the  earth  in  my  sight :  when  they 
went  out^  the  wheels  also  were  beside  them,  and  every  one  stood  at 
the  door  of  the  east  gate  of  the  Lord's  house  ;  and  the  glory  of  the 
God  of  Israel  was  over  them  above.  ^^  This  is  the  living  creature  that 
I  saw  under  the  God  of  Israel  by  the  river  of  Chebar  ;  and  I  knew 
that  they  were  the  cherubim.  ~^  Every  one  had  four  faces  apiece,  and 
every  one  four  wings  ;  and  the  likeness  of  the  hands  of  a  man  was  under 
their  wings.  -^  And  the  likeness  of  their  faces  was  the  same  faces 
which  I  saw  by  the  river  of  Chebar,  their  appearances  and  themselves : 
they  went  every  one  straight  forward. 

1  Moreover  the  Spirit  lifted  me  up,  and  brought  me  Ezekiei.  xi. 

unto  the  east  gate  of  the  Lord's  house,  which  looketh  ^-^^■ 

eastward  :  and  behold  at  the  door  of  the  gate  five  and  twenty  men  ; 
among  whom  I  saw  Jaazaniah  the  son  of  Azur,  and  Pelatiah  the  son 

4  c* 


966 


EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  PUNISHMENT  OF  THE  JEWS.      [Period  VII. 


t  Or,  It  is  not  fur 
us  to  build 
houses  near. 

p  2  Pe.  3.  4. 

a  This  is  a  prov- 
erb which 
means,  We  will 
sh  irc  all  fates 
with  her ;  we 
will  either  be 
preserved  or  per- 


o2KJ.  25.  19-21. 

Je.  39.  6.  &  52. 

10. 
r  1  Ki.  8.  65. 

2  Ki.  14.  25. 


s  Le.  16.  3,  24, 
&.C.  De.  12.  30, 
31. 


uPs.  90.  1.&91. 
9.  Is.  8.  14. 


of  Benaiah,  princes  of  the  people.  -Then  said  he  unto  me,  ''  Son  of 
man !  these  are  the  men  that  devise  mischief,  and  give  wicked  counsel 
in  this  city  ;  ^  which  say,  '  tit  is  not  ^near  ;  let  us  build  houses:  ^this 
city  is  the  caldron,  and  we  be  the  flesh.'  ^Therefore  prophesy  against 
them,  prophesy,  O  son  of  man  !  "  ^  And  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord  fell  upon 
me,  and  said  unto  me, — 

Speak,  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 

Thus  have  ye  said,  O  house  of  Israel ! 

For  I  know  the  things  that  come  into  your  mind,  every  one  of  them. 
^  Ye  have  multiplied  your  slain  in  this  city. 

And  ye  have  filled  the  streets  thereof  with  the  slain. 
'  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Your  slain  whom  ye  have  laid  in  the  midst  of  it, 

They  are  the  flesh,  and  this  city  is  the  caldron  ; 

But  I  will  bring  you  forth  out  of  the  midst  of  it. 
^  Ye  have  feared  the  sword  ; 

And  I  will  bring  a  sword  upon  you,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
"  Ant!  I  will  bring  you  out  of  the  midst  thereof, 

And  deliver  you  into  the  hands  of  strangers, 

And  will  execute  judgments  among  you. 
10  Ye  'shall  fall  by  the  sword  ; 

I  will  judge  you  in  "^the  border  of  Israel ; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
1'  This  city  shall  not  be  your  caldron, 

Neither  shall  ye  be  the  flesh  in  the  midst  thereof ; 

But  I  will  judge  you  in  the  border  of  Israel. 
1^  And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  ; 

IFor  ye  have  not  walked  in  my  statutes, 

Neither  executed  my  judgments, 

But  'have  done  after  the  manners  of  the  heathen  that  are  round 
about  you. 

1^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  I  prophesied,  that  'Pelatiah  the  son  of 
Benaiah  died.  Then  fell  I  down  upon  my  face,  and  cried  with  a  loud 
voice,  and  said,  "  Ah  Lord  God  !  wilt  thou  make  a  full  end  of  the 
remnant  of  Israel  ?  "  i*  Again  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me, 
saying,  '^  Son  of  man,  thy  brethren,  even  thy  brethren,  the  men  of 
thy  kindred,  and  all  the  house  of  Israel  wholly,  are  they  unto  whom 
the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  have  said,  "  Get  you  far  from  the  Lord  : 
unto  us  is  this  land  given  in  possession."  ^^  Therefore  say,  Thus  saith 
the  Lord  God  ; — 

Although  I  have  cast  them  far  oflT  among  the  heathen, 

And  although  I  have  scattered  them  among  the  countries. 

Yet  "will  I  be  to  them  as  a  little  sanctuary 

In  the  countries  where  they  shall  come. 
1^  Therefore  say,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

I  "will  even  gather  you  from  the  people, 

And  assemble  you  out  of  the  countries  where  ye  have  been  scattered. 

And  I  will  give  you  the  land  of  Israel. 
'^  And  they  shall  come  thither, 

And  they  shall  take  away  all  the  detestable  things  thereof 

And  all  the  abominations  thereof  from  thence. 
1^  And  1  will  give  them  one  heart. 

And  t  will  put  a  new  spirit  within  you  ; 

And  I  will  take  the  stony  heart  out  of  their  flesh, 

And  will  give  them  a  heart  of  flesh  ; 
^  That  they  may  walk  in  my  statutes, 


Part  II.] 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  ZEDEKIAH. 


967 


And  keep  mine  ordinances,  and  do  them  : 
And  they  shall  be  my  people,  and  I  will  be  their  God. 
But  as  for  them  whose  heart  walketh  after 
The  heart  of  their  detestable  things  and  their  abominations, 
I  will  recompense  their  way  upon  their  own  heads,  saiih  the  Lord 
God. 


A.  M.   3410. 
B.  C.  594. 


The  glory  of  God  leaveth  the  city, 
of  Ezekiel's  removinv-.     8  II  si 


Section    V. — EzekieVs    Prophecies  against  Zedekiah,  the  false  Prophets, 

Jerusalem,  and  the  Jewish  Nation. 

EzEKiEL  xi.  22,  to  the  end,  and  xii.  to  xix. 

24  Ezetiel  is  returned  to  the  captivity.  —  Chap.  xii.  1  The  type 
■howed  the  captivity  of  Zedekiah.  17  Ezekiel's  trembling  showeih 
the  Jeu^s'  desolation.'  21  The  Jews'  pre.'<iiiiipliion^  jiroverb  is  reproved.  26  The  speediness  of  the 
vision.  —  Chap.  xiii.  1  The  reproof  of  /ijini:-  prc/ilfts,  ]0  aiid  their  untempered  mortar.  17  Oj 
prophetesses  and  their  pillows.  —  Cha|i.  xiv.  1  Ciod  answereth  idoLators  according  to  their  own 
heart.  6  They  are  exhorted  to  repent,  for  Jear  of  judgments,  by  means  of  seduced  prophets.  12 
God's  irrevocable  sentence  of  famine,  15  of  noisome  beasts,  17  of  the  sword,  19  and  of  pestilence, 
22  A  remnant  shall  be  reserved  for  example  of  others.  —  Chap.  xv.  1  By  the  nnftness  of  the  vine 
branch  for  any  work,  6  is  showed  the  rejection  of  Jerusalem.  — <  'iiap,  xvi.  !  Undi'r  (he  similitude 
of  a  wretched  infant  is  showed  the  natural  state  of  Jerusalem.  G  (lud'  s  i\i!r,ionlinarij  lore  towards 
Iter.  ]b  Her  monstrous  whoredom.  35  Her  grievous  judgiihiit.  li  I lir  sin,  i/mlching  her 
mother,  and  exceeding  her  sisters,  Sodom  and  Samaria,  call'th  fu-  jiiil_;-»iriils.  M  Mercy  is 
promised  her  in  the  end. —  Chap.  xvii.  1  Under  tite  parable  of  two  eagles  and  a  vine,  U  is  showed 
God's  judgment  upon  Jerusalem  for  revolling  from  Babylon  to  Egypt.  22  God  promiseth  to 
plant  the  cedar  of  the  Gospel. — Chap,  xviii.  'l  God  reproreth  the  unjust  parable  of  sour  grapes. 
5  He  showeth  how  he  deateth  with  a  just  fitlier  :  10  wilh  n  wicked  S07t  of  a  just  J'ather  :  14  witli  a 
just  son  of  a  wicked  father :  VJ  wi/'lt  n  wirL,(l  man  rejjmling:  24  icith  a  just  man  revolting.  25 
He  defendelh  his  justice,  31  and  e.diort,-th  to  rfj^ulnnr,'. — Chap.  xix.  1  A  lamejilationfor  the 
princes  oJ  Israel,  under  the  parable  of  lion.):'  w.keljis  taken  in  a  pit,  10  andj'or  Jerusalem,  mule?- 
the  parable  of  a  wasted  vine. 

2^  Then  did  the  cherubim  lift  up  their  wings,  and  the  wheels  beside 
them  ;  and  the  glory  of  the  God  of  Israel  was  over  them  above.  ^^  And 
*^^'the  glory  of  the  Lord  went  up  from  the  midst  of  the  city,  and  stood 
upon  the  mountain  which  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  city. 


{^)  In  this  verse  we  read  of  the  total  departure 
of  the  glory  of  the  Lord  from  the  city  of  Jeru- 
salem. In  chap.  X.  ver.  4,  we  find,  that  "  the 
glory  of  the  Lord  went  up  from  the  cherub,  and 
stood  over  the  threshold  of  the  house  ;  and  the 
house  was  filled  with  the  cloud,  and  the  court  was 
full  of  the  brightness  of  the  Lord's  glory."  In  ver. 
18  of  the  same  chapter,  we  read,  "  then  the  glory 
of  the  Lord  departed  from  off  the  threshold  of  the 
house,  and  stood  over  the  cherubim  ;  and  the  cheru- 
bim lifted  up  their  wings,  and  mounted  up  from  the 
eartli  in  my  sight ;  " — "  and  every  one  stood  at  the 
door  of  the  east  gate  of  the  Lord's  house."  In  ver. 
23  of  chap.  xi.  we  are  informed,  "  the  glory  of  the 
Lord  went  up  from  the  midst  of"  the  city,  and  stood 
upon  the  mountain  which  is  on  the  east  side  of  the 
city."  These  various  expressions  denote,  that  God 
removed  by  degrees  only  from  Israel  :  and  the 
prophecies  contained  in  this  section  are  those  deliv- 
ered by  Ezekiel,  after  the  Second  Person  of  the 
Trinity  had  manifested  to  this  prophet  the  removal 
of  tlie  visible  Church  to  Chaldea,  in  consequence 
of  the  total  apostacy  of  the  priests,  the  princes,  the 
king,  and  the  nation,  who  had  been  left  in  Jerusa- 
lem. After  Ezekiel  is  brought  back  again  by  the 
Spirit  of  God,  into  Chaldea,  he  predicts  to  them  of 
the  captivity,  the  fate  of  Zedekiah  and  the  Jews. 
It  is  probitble  that  Ezekiel  was  enabled  to  see  the 
wretched  state  of  the  Jews  at  Jerusalem,  and  to 
predict  their  ruin,  that  he  might  counteract  more 
forcibly  the  impression  produced  by  the  false  proph- 
ets, whom  he  soon  after  reproves  ;  and  who  endeav- 
oured to  deceive  the  people  into  an  expectation  of 
a  speedy  return  to  their  own  country.  See  ver.  25, 
compared  with  chap.  xiii. 

In  the  12th  chapter,  ver.  1-8,  under  the  type  of 
Ezekiel's  removing  himself  and  his  household 
o-oods,  is  foretold  the  captivity  of  Zedekiah,  and  the 
Jews  at  Jerusalem.  Ver.  17-20,  under  the  figure 
of  eating  and  drinking,  '■  with  trembling  and  with 
carefulness,"    predicts   the  desolation   and   misery 


that  would  e.xist  during  the  siege  ;  and,  from  ver. 
21  to  the  end,  declares  the  speedy  judgment  that 
would  fall  upon  the  Jews,  for  their  abuse  of  the  di- 
vine forbearance. 

Chapter  xiii.  contains  a  severe  reproof  and  de- 
nunciation against  the  false  prophets  ;  and  from  ver. 
17  to  the  end,  against  false  prophetesses. 

Chapter  xiv.  is  a  denunciation  of  tlie  divine  judg- 
ments against  the  idolatrous  elders  and  their  false 
prophets,  (1-11.)  and  against  the  Jews  for  their  ob- 
stinate impenitency,  (12-21.)  a  remnant  of  whom, 
it  is  promised,  shall  be  saved,  (22,  23.) 

Chapter  xv.  Under  the  parable  of  an  unfruitful 
and  unprofitable  vine  is  set  forth  the  utter  rejection 
of  Jerusalem. 

Chapter  xvi.  from  1-1.5,  describes  the  mercy  of 
God  towards  the  Church  and  nation  of  the  Jews 
(here  represented  by  Jerusalem)  under  the  emblem 
of  a  person  that  should  take  an  exposed  infant, 
bring  her  up  with  great  tenderness,  and  afterwards 
marry  her.  The  Jews  are  then  upbraided  (under 
the  figure  of  a  woman  who  proves  false  to  a  tender 
and  indulgent  husband)  with  their  monstrous  in- 
gratitude in  departing  from  God's  worship,  and 
polluting  themselves  with  heathen  idolatries,  (15- 
34.)  But,  notwithstanding  all  these  provocations, 
God  promises  in  the  end  to  show  them  mercy  under 
his  new  and  everlasting  covenant,  (44-63.)  The 
figurative  mode  of  descriljing  adultery,  which  is  of 
frequent  occurrence  in  the  prophets,  is  pursued  with 
great  force,  and  at  considerable  length,  both  in  this 
and  the  23d  chapter. 

In  the  17tii  chapter,  under  the  allegory  of  two 
eagles  and  a  vine,  the  prophet  figuratively  express 
es  the  carrying  away  of  Jehoiakim  into  captivity 
by  the  king  of  Babylon,  (the  first  eagle,)  who  made 
Zedekiah  king  in  his  stead.  Zedekiah  afterwards 
revolting  from  the  Babylonian  monarch,  whose 
vassal  iie  was,  and  making  an  alliance  with  the 
king  of  Egypt,  (the  other  eagle,)  God  threatens  him 
with  captivity  to  the  king  from  whom  he  had  re- 


•  Or,  iiuitruments. 


968  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAI^iST  ZEDEKIAH.     [Period  VII 

^"'  Afterwards  tlie  Spirit  took  me  up,  and  brouglit  me  in  a  vision  by 
the  Si)irit  of  God  into  Clialdea,  to  them  of  the  caj)tivity.  So  the 
vision  that  I  had  seen  went  up  from  me.  -^Then  I  spake  unto  them 
of  the  caj)tivity  all  the  things  that  the  Lord  had  showed  me. 

'  The  word  of  the  Lord  also  came  unto  me,  saying, —    Ezekiel  xii. 

^  Son  of  man  !  thou  dwellest  in  the  midst  of  a  rebellious 

"2o."/e.^5.^i^'     house,  which  "have  eyes  to  see,  and  see   not ;  they  have  ears  to  hear, 

Mat.  13. 13, 14.   ^,^fj  ijgjj^  ,^Qj .  Jqj.  ^ij^jy  g^^g  .^  rebellious  house.  ^  Therefore,  thou  son 

of  man,  prepare  thee  *stufi'  for  removing,  and  remove  by  day  in  their 

sight ;  and  thou  shalt  remove  from  thy  place  to  another   place  in  their 

sight :  it  may  be  they  will  consider,  though  they  be  a  rebellious  house. 

^  Then  shalt  thou  bring  forth  tliy  stutY  by  day  in  their  sight,  as  stufT  for 

fHcb. <w«Ae        removing:  and  thou  shalt  go  forth  at  even  in  their  sight,  fas  thev  that 

gotntrn  foTtk  of  ,  .  .  -  .  .  .         .         ^ 

captwUy.  go  fortli  iuto  captivity.   ^  tDig  thou  through  the  wall  in  their  sight,  and 

^tkeT'  ^^°^''"'     carry  out  thereby.  ^  In  their  sight  shalt  thou  bear  it  upon  thy  shoulders, 

and  carry  it  forth  in  the  twilight:  thou  shalt  cover  thy  face,  that  thou  see 

not  the  ground  :  for  I  have  set  thee  for  a  sign  unto  the  house  of  Israel. 

^  And  I  did  so  as  I  was  commanded.    I  brought  forth  my  stufl  by  day, 

•  Heb.  digged  fur  as  stuft'  for  captivity,  and  in  the  even  I  *digged  through  the  wall  with 

my  hand  ;  I  brouglit  it  forth  in  the  twilight,  and  I  bare  it  upon  my 

shoulder  in  their  sight. 

^  And  in  the  morning  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  me,  saying, 
^  Son  of  man,  hath  not  the  house  of  Israel,  the  rebellious  house,  said 
unto  thee,  What  doest  thou?   ^^  Say  thou  unto  them,  Thus  saith  the 
i. Mill.  1.1.         Lord  God  ;  This  'burden  concerneth  the  prince  in  Jerusalem,  and  all 
the  iiouse  of  Israel  that  are  among  them. 
^^  Say,  I  am  your  sign  : 
Like  as  I  have  done,  so  shall  it  be  done  unto  them : 
^iig^go^Tcl'^-'       tThey  shall  remove  and  go  into  captivity. 

timji/^2  Ki.  25.    12  ^j^^  '^jj^g  priucc  that  is  among  them  shall  bear  upon  his  shoulder 
eJe.'39.4.  Li  the  twilight,  and  shall  go  forth: 

They  shall  dig  through  the  wall  to  carry  out  thereby : 
He  shall  cover  his  face,  that  he  see  not  the  ground  with  his  eyes. 
^^My  net  also  will  I  spread  upon  him,  and  he  shall  be   taken  in  my 
snare  : 
rfjKi.25.7.Je.       ^,^^j  ,/j  ^^iii  j^^ii^g  ],jj^^  ^Q  Babylon  to  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans; 

Yet  shall  he  not  see  it,  though  he  shall  die  there.*'^^ 
e2Ki.2.5.4,5.     14  /^,j^}  q  ^^.jjj  ^^atter  toward  every  wind 

All  that  are  about  him  to  help  him,  and  all  his  bands ; 
And  I  will  draw  out  the  sword  after  them. 
^^  And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 
When  I  shall  scatter  them  among  the  nations. 
And  disperse  them  in  the  countries. 

volted,  (1-21.)     The  preaching  of  the  Gospel,  and  ecy,  that  Zedekiah  should  be  brought  to  Babylon, 

the  universal  kingdom  of  the  Messiah,  are  foretold,  "yet  he  shall    not   see   it,  though  he   die   there," 

(22-"<J-4).  (which  was  delivered   about  si.x  years  before  the 

The  Jews,  in  Ezekiel's  time,  having  complained  event,  and  was  probably  told  to  the  king  by  some 
(xviii.  1,  2.)  that  God  dealt  hardly  with  them  in  messenger  from  Babylon,)  was  considered  by 
punishing  them  for  the  sins  of  their  forefathers,  this  that  monarch  as  inconsistent  with  subsequent 
ciiapterof  Ezekiel  vindicates  the  divine  equity,  and  prophecies  of  Jeremiaii  (Jer.  xxxii.  4.  and  xxxiv. 
shows  that  God  punishes  no  one  eternally  for  the  :}.)  "  Thine  eyes  shall  behold  the  king  of  Baby- 
sins  of  any  other  person,  {A-'.\2.)  Ion.  and  he  shall  speak  with  thee  mouth  to  mouth. 

Under  tiie  parable  of  a  lion's  whelps  are  foretold  and    thou    shalt  go    to    Babylon."      Zedekiah,   on 

the    cruelty  and    captivity  of  Johoahaz,  who   was  discovering    this    apparent    inconsistency,  refused 

deposed  by  the  king  of  Egypt  (2  Kintrs  xxiii.  33.  to  believe  either.     Both  propliecies,  hov;ever,  were 

and  2  Ciiron.  xxxvi.  4.)  andof  Jehoiak'im,who  was  fulfilled.     Zedekiah  did  see  the   king  of  Babylon, 

depo-sed  by  the  king  of  Babylon,  (xix.   1-<J.)     And  not  indeed  at  Babylon,  but  at  Riblah.     His   eyes 

under  the   parable   of  a   wasted  vine,  are   set  forth  were  there  put  out,  and  he  was  carried  to  Babylon, 

the  desolation  and  captivity  of  the  whole   Jewish  yet  he  did  not  behold  the  city — 2  Kings  xxv.  4-8.; 

people.  (10-11.)— Home's  Crit.  Introd.  Jer   Hi.  8-11.  ;  Josephus,  ^nt.  Jud.  lib.  x.  c.  8.  §  2. 

C»)  We  are  informed  by  J.sephus,  tiiat  this  proph- 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  FALSE  PROPHETS.  969 


*  Heb.  the  fulness 
thereof. 


B-Joel  2.  1.  Zep. 
1.  14. 


ils.  55.  11. 
Da.  9.  12.  Lu. 
21.  33. 


j  2  Pe.  3.  4. 


f  Heb.  them  that 
art  propkeis  out 
of  their  own 
hearts. 


Heb.  walk  after 
Or,  and  things 


■f  Or,  breaches. 
%  Heb.  hedged  the 
hedge. 


^^  But  I  will  leave  ta  few  men  of  them 

From  the  sword,  from  the  famine,  and  from  the  pestilence  ; 

That  they  may  declare  all  their  abominations 

Among  the  heathen  whither  they  come  ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

1^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  me,  saying, — 
^s  Son  of  man  !   eat  thy  bread  with  quaking. 

And  drink  thy  water  with  trembling  and  with  carefulness  ; 

19  And  say  unto  the  people  of  the  land,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God 
Of  the"inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  and  of  the  land  of  Israel ; 
They  shall  cat  their  bread  with  carefulness, 

And  drink  their  water  with  astonishment. 

That  her  land  may  be  desolate  from  *all  that  is  therein, 

Because  of  the  violence  of  all  them  that  dwell  therein. 

20  And  the  cities  that  are  inhabited  shall  be  laid  waste, 
And  the  land  shall  be  desolate  ; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  1  am  the  Lord. 

21  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  22  Son  of 
man  !  what  is  that  proverb  that  ye  have  in  the  land  of  Israel,  saying, 
"  The^days  are  prolonged,  and  every  vision  faileth  ?  " 
23  Tell  them  tiierefore,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; — 
I  will  make  this  proverb  to  cease, 

And  they  shall  no  more  use  it  as  a  proverb  in  Israel ; 

But  say  unto  them,  ""The  days  are  at  hand, 

And  the  effect  of  every  vision. 
^■^  For  there  shall  be  no  more  any  Vain  vision 

Nor  flattering  divination  within  the  house  of  Israel. 
25  For  I  am  the  Lord  :   I  will  speak. 

And  'the  word  that  I  shall  speak  shall  come  to  pass  ; 

It  shall  be  no  more  prolonged  : 

For  in  your  days,  O  rebellious  house  ! 

Will  I  say  the  word. 

And  will  perform  it,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

26  Again    the  word  of  the  Lord  came  to  me,  saying, — 

27  Son  of°man  !  behold,  they  of  the  house  of  Israel  say, 
"The  vision  that  he  seeth  is  ^for  many  days  to  come, 
And  he  prophesieth  of  the  times  that  are  far  off." 

28  Therefore  say  unto  them,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
There  shall  none  of  my  words  be  prolonged  any  more. 

But  the  word  which  I   have  spoken  shall  be  done,  saith  the    Lord 
God. 
^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,   Ezekiel  xiii. 

2  Son   of  man  !   prophesy  against  the   prophets  of  Israel 

that   prophesy,  and  say  thou   unto  tthem  that  prophesy  out   of  their 
own  hearts, — 

Hear  ye  the  word  of  the  Lord  ; 

3  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Woe  unto  the  foolish  prophets, 

That  tfollow  their  own  spirit,  *and  have  seen  nothing ! 

4  O  Israel,  thy  prophets  are  like  the  fo.xes  in  the  deserts. 

5  Ye  have  not  gone  up  into  the  tgaps. 
Neither  tmade  up  the  hedge  for  the  house  of  Israel 
To  stand  in  the  battle  in  the  day  of  the  Lord. 
They  have  seen  vanity  and  lying  divination,  saying, 
"  The  Lord  saith  ;  "  and  the  Lord  hath  not  sent  them  : 
And  they  have  made  others  to  hope 
That  they  would  confirm  the  word. 

122 


970  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  FALSE  PROPHETS.     [Period  VIL 

'  Have  ye  not  seen  a  vain  vision, 
And  have  ye  not  spoken  a  lying  divination, 
Whereas  ye  say,  "  The  Lord  saith  it ; " 
Albeit  I  have  not  spoken  ? 
®  Tiierefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Because  ye  have  spoken  vanity,  and  seen  lies, 
Tiierefore,  behold,  I  am  against  you,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
"  And  my  hand  shall  be  upon  the  prophets 
That  see  vanity,  and  that  divine  lies  : 
* ^m'iT^' "''         They  shall  not  be  in  the  ^assembly  of  my  people, 
fc  Ezra  2. 59,  G2.        Neither  *shall  they  be  written  in  the  writing  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
69!26!'^'  ^''  Neither  shall  they  enter  into  the  land  of  Israel  ; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  God. 
^**  Because,  even  because  they  have  seduced  my  people,  saying, "  Peace,'' 
and  there  was  no  peace  ; 
\OT,asiightviaU.       And  onc  built  up  fa  wall. 

And,  lo,  others  daubed  it  with  untempered  mortar  ! 

^^  Say  unto  them  which  daub  it  with  untempered  mortar,  that  it 
There  shall  be  an  overflowing  shower  ;  [shall  fall : 

And  ye,  O  great  hailstones,  shall  fall ; 
And  a  stormy  wind  shall  rend  it. 
^2  Lo !  when  the  wall  is  fallen,  shall  it  not  be  said  unto  you, 

Where  is  the  daubing  wherewith  ye  have  daubed  it  ? 
^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

I  will  even  rend  it  with  a  stormy  wind  in  my  fury  ; 
And  there  shall  be  an  overflowing  shower  in  mine  anger, 
And  great  hailstones  in  my  fury  to  consume  it. 
^^  So  will  I  break  down  the  wall 

That  ye  have  daubed  with  untempered  mortar, 
And  bring  it  down  to  the  ground. 
So  that  the  foundation  thereof  shall  be  discovered, 
And  it  shall  fall,  and  ye  shall  be  consumed  in  the  midst  thereof: 
And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
'^  Thus  will  I  accomplish  my  wrath  upon  the  wall, 

And  upon  them  that  have  daubed  it  with  untempered  mortar. 
And  will  say  unto  you,  The  wall  is  no  more. 
Neither  they  that  daubed  it ; 
^^  To  wit,  the  prophets  of  Israel  which  prophesy  concerning  Jerusalem, 
And  which  see  visions  of  peace  for  her, 
And  there  is  no  peace,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

^"^  Likewise,  thou  son  of  man. 
Set  thy  face  against  the  daughters  of  thy  people, 
Which  prophesy  out  of  their  own  heart ; 
And  prophesy  thou  against  them, 
'^  And  say,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
( ot,  f.iim,as.  Woe  to  the  women  that  sew  pillows  to  all  Jarmholes, 

tJi\'..-2. 14.  And  make  kerchiefs  upon  the  head  of  every  stature  to  'hunt  souls! 

Will  ye  hunt  the  souls  of  my  people, 
And  will  ye  save  the  souls  alive  thiit  come  unto  you  ? 
^^  And  will  ye  pollute  me  among  my  people 
"iviirJs^'^^'        ^'^^  '"handfuls  of  barley  and  for  pieces  of  bread, 
To  slay  the  souls  that  should  not  die, 
And  to  save  the  souls  alive  that  should  not  live, 
By  your  lying  to  my  people  that  hear  your  lies  ? 

^"  Wherefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Behold,  I  am  against  your  pillows, 
*.^I;."'"'''"''  Wherewilli  ye  there  hunt  the  souls    to  make  tliem  fly, 


Part  II.]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.  971 

And  1  will  tear  them  from  your  arms, 

And  will  let  the  souls  go, 

Even  the  souls  that  ye  hunt  to  make  them  fly. 

21  Your  kerchiefs  also  will  I  tear, 

And  deliver  my  people  out  of  your  hand, 

And  they  shall  be  no  more  in  your  hand  to  be  hunted  ; 

And  ye  sliall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

22  Because  with  lies  ye  have  made  the  heart  of  the  righteous  sad, 
Whom  I  have  not  made  sad ; 

And  strengthened  the  hands  of  the  wicked, 
That  he  should  not  return  from  his  wicked  way, 
^GT,That  I  should       fgy  promising  him  life. 

nlbX/quicken-  23  Therefore  ye  shall  see  no  more  vanity,  nor  divine  divinations: 
inshm.  p^^  J  ^^m  (jg]iygr  ,^y  people  out  of  your  hand ; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

1  Then  came  certain  of  the  elders  of  Israel  unto  me,   Ezekiel  xiv. 
and  sat  before  me.  ~  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came 
unto  me,  saying, — 

3  Son  of  man  !  these  men  have  set  up  their  idols  in  their  heart,  and 
«2  Ki.  3. 13.  put  the  stumbling-block  of  their  iniquity  before  their  face  :  "should  I  be 
inquired  of  at  all  by  them  ?  ^  Therefore  speak  unto  them,  and  say  unto 
them,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ;  Every  man  of  the  house  of  Israel 
that  setteth  up  his  idols  in  his  heart,  and  putteth  the  stumbling-block 
of  his  iniquity  before  his  face,  and  cometh  to  the  prophet ;  I  the  Lord 
will  answer  him  that  cometh  according  to  the  multitude  of  his  idols  ; 
5  that  I  may  take  the  house  of  Israel  in  their  own  heart,  because  they 
are  all  estranged  from  me  through  their  idols. 

6  Therefore  say  unto  the  house  of  Israel,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
jor.otAers.        Repcut,  and   turn  tyourselves  from  your  idols;  and  turn  away  your 
faces  from  all  your  abominations.  ^  For  every  one  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
or  of  the  stranger  that  sojourneth  in  Israel,  which  separateth  himself 
from  me,  and  s°etteth  up  liis  idols  in  his  heart,  and   putteth  the  stum- 
bling-block of  his  iniquity  before  his  face,  and  cometh  to  a  prophet  to 
inqiure  of  him  concerning  me  ;  I  the  Lord  will  answer  him  by  myself. 
oLe.  17. 10.&     8  Aj^d  "I  vviU  sct  my  face  against  that  man,  and  will  make  him  ''a  sign 
20.3,5,6.  Je.     ^^^  ^  proverb,  and  I  will  cut  him  off  from  the  midst  of  my  people  ; 
p  Nu.  26. 10.  De.  ^^^  ^^  ^j^j^U  1^,^^^  .j^^^t  J  ^m  t!ie  Lord.  ^  And  if  the  prophet  be  de- 
,VKi.22.23.job  ceived  when  he  hath  spoken  a  thing,  I  the  Lord  'have  deceived  that 
2Tie;"'lii.'"'  prophet,  and  I  will  stretch  out  my  hand  upon   him,  and  will  destroy 
him  from  the  midst  of  my  people  Israel.   ^«  And  they  shall  bear  the 
punishment  of  their  iniquity,  (the  punishment  of  the  prophet  shall  be 
even  as  the  punishment  of  him  that  seeketh  unto  him  ;)   ^^  that  the 
r2Pe.2.i5.       housc  of  Israel  may  ^go  no  more  astray  from  me,  neither  be  polluted 
any  more  with  all  their  transgressions ;  but  that  they  may  be  my  people, 
and  I  may  be  their  God^  saith  the  Lord  God. 

1-  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  again  to  me,  saying, — 

13  Son  of  man !  when  the    land   sinneth   against  me  by  trespassing 

grievously,  then  will  I   stretch  out  my  hand   upon   it,  and  will  break 

5  Le.  26. 26.  Is.    the  'staff  of  the  bread  thereof,  and  will  send  famine  upon  it,  and  will 

t  je''i5  1  See     cut  off  niau  and   beast  from  it.   "  Though  'these  three  men,  Noah, 

ul  u  a  "■    Daniel,  and  Job.  were  in  it,  they  should  deliver  but  their  own  souls    by 

uPr.  11.4.  their  righteousness,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

«Le.2fi.&2.  i5if"l  cause  "uoisomc  beasts  to  pass  through  the  land,  and    they 

*  Or,  bereave.       »gpoii  [^  gg  ^^at  it  be  dcsolate,  that  no  man  may  pass  through  because 
tueb.intke        of  the  bcasts  :   16  though  these  three  men  were  fin   it,  as  I  live,  saith 
"^"'•^"-         the   Lord  God,  they   shall  deliver  neither  sons  nor  daughters;  they 
only  shall  be  delivered,  but  the  land  shall  be  desolate. 


972 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  JERUSALEM.     [Period  Vlf 


u  Le.  26.  25, 


X  2  Sa.  24.  15. 


I  Or,  Alto  when. 


y  Je.  22.  8,  9. 


*  Heb.  Wai  it 
prosper  ? 
t  Heb.  made  fit. 


a  he.  17.  10. 
*  Is.  24.  18. 


J  Heb.  tre.'q)assed 
a  trespass. 


*  Heb.  cutting 
out,  or,  habita- 
tion. 


t  Or,  when  I 
looked  upon  thee. 


'"Or  if  ''I  bring  a  sword  upon  that  land,  and  say,  Sword,  go 
through  the  land ;  so  that  I  cut  oft'  man  and  beast  from  it :  ^®  though 
these  three  men  were  in  it,  as  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God,  they  shall 
deliver  neither  sons  nor  daughters,  but  they  only  shall  be  delivered 
themselves. 

^^  Or  if  I  send  ""a  pestilence  into  that  land,  and  pour  out  my  fury 
upon  it  in  blood,  to  cut  oft'  from  it  man  and  beast :  ~^  though  Noah, 
Daniel,  and  Job,  were  in  it,  as  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God,  they  shall 
deliver  neither  son  nor  daughter  ;  they  shall  but  deliver  their  own  souls 
by  their  righteousness.  ~'  f'or  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ;  tHow  much 
more  when  I  send  my  four  sore  judgments  upon  Jerusalem,  (the  sword, 
and  the  famine,  and  the  noisome  beast,  and  the  pestilence,)  to  cut  off" 
from  it  man  and  beast ! 

"  Yet,  behold,  therein  shall  be  left  a  remnant  that  shall  be  brought 
forth,  both  sons  and  daughters  :  behold,  they  shall  come  forth  unto  you, 
and  ye  shall  see  their  way  and  tlieir  doings :  and  ye  shall  be  comforted 
concerning  the  evil  that  I  have  brought  upon  Jerusalem,  even  con- 
cerning all  that  I  have  brought  upon  it.  ^^  And  they  shall  comfort  you, 
when  ye  see  their  ways  and  their  doings  ;  and  ye  shall  know  that  I 
have  not  done  "without  cause  all  that  I  have  done  in  it,  saith  the 
Lord  God. 

^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, —  Ezekiel  xv. 
^  Son  of  man  !   what  is  the  vine  tree  more  than  any  tree, 

Or  than  a  branch  which  is  among  the  trees  of  the  forest  ? 
^  Shall  wood  be  taken  thereof  to  do  any  work  ? 

Or  will  men  take  a  pin  of  it  to  hang  any  vessel  thereon  ? 
"*  Behold,  ""it  is  cast  into  the  fire  for  fuel ; 

The  fire  devoureth  both  the  ends  of  it, 

And  the  midst  of  it  is  burned. 

*Is  it  meet  for  any  work  ? 
^  Behold,  when  it  was  whole,  it  was  fmeet  for  no  work : 

How  much  less  shall  it  be  meet  yet  for  any  work, 

When  the  fire  hath  devoured  it,  and  it  is  burned  ! 
^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

As  the  vine  tree  among  the  trees  of  the  forest, 

Which  I  have  given  to  the  fire  for  fuel, 

So  will  I  give  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem. 
''  And  T  will  set  my  face  against  them  ; 

They  'shall  go  out  from  one  fire, 

And  another  fire  shall  devour  them  ; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

When  I  set  my  face  against  them. 
^  And  I  will  make  the  land  desolate. 

Because  they  have  tcommitted  a  trespass,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
^  Again  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,    Ezekiel  xvi. 
^  Son  of  man  !  cause  Jerusalem    to  know  her  abomina- 
tions, ^  and  say,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  unto  Jerusalem  ; — 
Thy  *birth  and  thy  nativity  is  of  the  land  of  Canaan  ; 

Thy  father  was  an  Amorite,  and  thy  mother  a  Hittite. 
•*  And  as  for  thy  nativity, 

In  the  day  thou  wast  born  thy  navel  was  not  cut, 

Neither  wast  thou  washed  in  water  tto  supple  thee  ; 

Thou  wast  not  salted  at  all,  nor  swaddled  at  all. 
^  None  eye  pitied  thee,  to  do  any  of  these  unto  thee. 

To  have  compassion  upon  thee  ; 

But  thou  wast  cast  out  in   the  open   field,  to  the  loathing  of  thy 

In  the  day  that  thou  wast  born.  [person. 


of  ornamenU. 


cRu.  3.  9. 


p^i,^,  n.]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.  973 

X  Or.  iroMcr.         G  And  whcu  I   piisscd  by  thee,  and  saw  thee  tpolluted  in  thine  own 
'"'*'''^"'"-  I  said  unto  thee  when  thou  wast  in  thy  blood,  Live  !  [blood, 

Yea,  I  said  unto  thee  when  thou  wast  in  thy  blood,  Live ! 

*  Heb.  mad«^f/<ee     7  J  j^avc  *caused  thce  to  multiply  as  the  bud  of  the  field, 
amiiuon.  Ex.  1.       ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  incrcased  and  waxen  great, 

t  Heb.  ornamnii         A,^d  thou  art  comc  to  texcellcnt  ornaments  : 
''  Thy  breasts  are  fashioned,  and  thy  hair  is  grown— 

Whereas  thou  wast  naked  and  bare. 
8  Now  when  I  passed  by  thee,  and  looked  upon  thee, 

Behold,  thy  time  was  the  time  of  love  ; 

And  ^I  spread  my  skirt  over  thee,  and  covered  thy  nakedness : 

Yea,  I  sware  unto  thee,  and  entered  into  a  covenant  with  thee, 
dEx.  i9.5.Je.  gaitii  the  Lord  God,  and  "thou  becamest  mine. 

^'^'  9  Then  washed  I  thee  with  water  ; 

X  Heb.  hioods.  Yea,  I  thoroughly  washed  away  thy  Iblood  from  thee, 

And  I  anointed  thee  with  oil. 

10  I  clothed  thee  also  with  broidered  work, 
And  shod  thee  with  badger's  skin. 
And  I  girded  thee  about  with  fine  linen, 
And  I  covered  thee  with  silk. 

11  1  decked  thee  also  with  ornaments, 

e  See  Ge.  24. 22,       And  1  put  bracelets  upon  thy  hands, 
/J;  1  9.  And  •'a  chain  on  thy  neck. 

*  Heb."no,e,-        12  And  I  put  a  jcwcl  ou  thy  ^'forehead, 
see  Is.  3. 21.  ^^^^  carriugs  in  thine  ears, 

And  a  beautiful  crown  upon  thy  head. 

13  Thus  wast  thou  decked  with  gold  and  silver ; 

And  thy  raiment  was  of  fine  linen,  and  silk,  and  broidered  work  ; 
^De.  32. 13, 14.        Thou  "didst  eat  fine  flour,  and  honey,  and  oil ; 
And  thou  wast  exceeding  beautiful. 
And  thou  didst  prosper  into  a  kingdom.  ^       ,     ,        , 

14  And  thy  renown  went  forth  among  the  heathen  for  thy  beauty  ; 
For  it  was  perfect  through  my  comeliness. 

Which  I  iiad  put  upon  thee,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
ft  See  De.  32. 15.  15  fiut  ''thou  didst  trust  in  thine  own  beauty, 

je. 7. 4.  Mic.  3.       ^^^^  ipiayedst  the  hailot  because  of  thy  renown, 
•• ''  '  ''^-.^  ^^-        And  pouredst  out  thy  fornications  on  every  one  that  passed  by  :  his 

^    Hn        16    A.,^  J-^f  tK^f  rrnrmp.nt<5   thoH    didst  takc,  U^   WaS. 


3.  2,  6,  20.  Ho. 
1.2. 
!  Ki.  23.  7.  Ho. 


16  And^of  thy  garments  thou  didst  take. 


,.K>  ^.  /.  HO.       And  deckedst  thy  high  places  with  divers  colors, 
2. 8.  And  playedst  the  harlot  thereupon  : 

The  like  things  shall  not  come,  neither  shall  it  be  so. 
I''  Thou  hast  also  taken  thy  fair  jewels 

Of  my  gold  and  of  my  silver,  which  I  had  given  thee, 
t  Heb.  o/a  moZe.        And  iTiadcst  to  thysclf  images  tof  men, 

And  didst  commit  whoredom  with  them. 

18  And  tookest  thy  broidered  garments,  and  coveredst  them  ; 
And  thou  hast  set  mine  oil  and  mine  incense  before  them. 

19  My  meat  also  which  I  gave  thee,  x  r   i    u      \ 
(Fine  flour,  and  oil,  and  honey,  wherewith  I  fed  thee,) 

X  w.h.a savour        Thou  hast  cvcu  sct  it  bcforc  them  for  ta  sweet  savour  : 
r of  • '"  *""        And  thus  it  was,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

A.2Ki.  16.  3.  P8.  20  Moreover  Hhou  hast  taken  thy  sons  and  thy  daughters, 

5?''5^Je''7.3{.        Whom  thou  hast  born  unto  me, 

&;^3.35.  ^j^j  jj^ggg  j^^gt  thou  sacrificed  unto  them  no  be  devoured. 

*  Heb.  io  devour.       ^^  ^^^.^  ^^  ^^^^  whorcdoms  a  small  matter, 

21  That  thou  hast  slain  my  children,  and  delivered  them 
To  cause  them  to  pass  through  the  fire  for  them  ? 

VOL.    I- 


974 


t  Or,  cities.  2 
28.  18,  19. 

Ch. 

i2Ki. 
2Ch. 
2.  18. 

16.7, 
28.  23, 
,36. 

10. 
.  Je. 

*  Or,  In  thy 

daughters  is 
thine,  fyc. 


t  Heb.  bribcst. 


ments  of.  Le.  20. 


TO  Ge.  9.  6.  Ex. 
21.  12. 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 

-^  And  in  all  thine  abominations  and  thy  whoredoms 
Thou  hast  not  remembered  the  days  of  thy  youth, 
When  thou  vvaa  naked  and  bare,  and  wast  polluted  in  thy  blood. 

-^  And  it  came  to  pass  after  all  thy  wickedness, 
(Woe,  woe  unto  thee  !  saith  the  Lord  God  ;) 
-■*  That  thou  hast  also  built  unto  thee  tan  eminent  place, 

And  hast  made  thee  a  high  place  in  every  street. 
2^  Thou  hast  built  thy  high  place  at  every  head  of  the  way, 
And  hast  made  thy  beauty  to  be  abhorred, 
And  hast  opened  thy  feet  to  every  one  that  passed  by, 
And  multiplied  thy  whoredoms. 
2^  Thou  hast  also  committed  fornication 

With  the  Egyptians  thy  neighbours,  great  of  flesh  ; 
And  hast  increased  thy  whoredoms,  to  provoke  me  to  anger. 
2^  Behold,  therefore  I  hare  stretched  out  my  hand  over  thee, 
And  have  diminished  thine  ordinary  food. 
And  delivered  thee  unto  the  will  of  them  that  hate  thee, 
The  tdaughters  of  the  Philistines,  which  are  ashamed  of  thy  lewd 
^^  Thou  'hast  played  the  whore  also  with  the  Assyrians,        [way. 
Because  thou  wast  unsatiable  ; 
Yea,  thou  hast  played  the  harlot  with  them. 
And  yet  couldest  not  be  satisfied. 
2^  Thou  hast  moreover  multiplied  thy  fornication 
In  the  land  of  Canaan  unto  Chaldea  ; 
And  yet  thou  wast  not  satisfied  herewith. 

^^  How  weak  is  thy  heart,  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Seeing  thou  doest  all  these  things. 
The  work  of  an  imperious  whorish  woman  ; 
^^  *In  that  thou  buildest  thine  eminent  place  in  the  head  of  every  way, 
And  rnakest  thy  high  place  in  every  street ; 
And  hast  not  been  as  a  harlot,  in  that  thou  scornest  hire  ; 
^2  But  as  a  wife  that  committeth  adultery. 

Which  taketh  strangers  instead  of  her  husband  ! 
^^  They  give  gifts  to  all  whores  ; 

But  thou  givest  thy  gifts  to  all  thy  lovers, 

And  fhirest  them,  that  they  may  come  unto  thee  on  every  side 
For  thy  whoredom. 
^^  And  the  contrary  is  in  thee  from  other  women  in  thy  whoredoms, 
Whereas  none  followeth  thee  to  commit  whoredoms : 
And  in  that  thou  givest  a  reward,  and  no  reward  is  given  unto  thee, 
Therefore  thou  art  contrary. 

^^  Wherefore,  O  harlot,  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  ! 
^'^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Because  thy  filthiness  was  poured  out. 

And  thy  nakedness  discovered  through  thy  whoredoms  with  thy 
And  with  all  the  idols  of  thy  abominations,  [lovers, 

And  by  the  blood  of  thy  children,  which  thou  didst  give  unto  them; 
^'  Behold,  therefore  I  willgather  all  thy  lovers, 
With  whom  thou  hast  taken  f)leasure, 
And  all  them  that  thou  hast  loved, 
With  all  them  that  thou  hast  hated  ; 
I  will  even  gather  them  round  about  against  thee, 
And  will  discover  thy  nakedness  unto  them. 
That  they  may  see  all  thv  nakedness. 
38  And  I  will  judge  thee, 

tAs  women  that  break  wedlock  and  '"shed  blood  are  judged^; 
And  I  will  give  thee  blood  in  fury  and  jealousy. 


p^RT  II.]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.  975 

39  And  I  will  also  give  thee  into  their  hand, 

And  they  shall  throw  down  thine  eminent  place, 
And  shall  break  down  thy  high  places  : 
•  Heb.  mstru-  Thev  sliall  strip  thee  also  of  thy  clothes,  and  shall  take  *thy  fair 

meiits  of  thine  J     '  1  ,   ,  "^  rlonrQlo 

ornament.  And  Icavc  thcc  nakcd  and  bare.  Ijeweis, 

^'^  They  shall  also  bring  up  a  company  against  thee, 

n  John  8.  5,  7.  ^j^^   "^jj^y  g\^^\\  gjojig  thcC   with  StonCS, 

And  thrust  thee  through  with  their  swords, 
"^'b^yy  f'"  "^  And  they  shall  "burn  thy  houses  with  fire, 

&'52. 13.    ■  ■        And  execute  judgments  upon  thee  in  the  sight  of  many  women  ; 
And  I  will  cause^thee  to  cease  from  playing  the  harlot. 
And  thou  also  shalt  give  no  hire  any  more. 

42  So  will  I  make  my  fury  toward  thee  to  rest, 
And  my  jealousy  shall  depart  from  thee. 
And  I  will  be  quiet,  and  will  be  no  more  angry. 
"3  Because  thou  hast  not  remembered  the  days  of  thy  youth, 
But  hast  fretted  me  in  all  these  things  ; 

Behold,  therefore  I  also  will  recompense  thy  way  upon  thy  head, 
Saith  the  Lord  God,  . 

And  thou  shalt  not  commit  this  lewdness  above  all  thine  abomina- 
tions. 

44  Behold,  every  one  that  useth  proverbs  shall  use  this  proverb  against 

thee,  saying, 
"  As  is  the  mother,  so  is  her  daughter." 

45  Thou  art  thv  mother's  daughter. 

That  loatheth  her  husband  and  her  children  ; 

And  thou  art  the  sister  of  thy  sisters, 

Which  loathed  their  husbands  and  their  children : 

Your  mother  was  a  Hittite,  and  your  father  an  Amorite. 

46  And  thine  elder  sister  is  Samaria, 

She  and  her  daughters  that  dwell  at  thy  left  hand, 
t  Heb.  lesser^thau       And  tthy  youugcr  sister,  that  dwelleth  at  thy  right  hand, 
tA„„.  De.  3-3. 3-2.       jg  gQ^jom  aud  licr  daughters. 

47  Yet  hast  thou  not  walked  after  their  ways. 
Nor  done  after  their  abominations  ; 

t  Or,  that  w<is  g^t    las  if  that  were  a  very  little  thing, 

rt:'""""  Thou  ^vast  corrupted  more  than  they  in  all  thy  ways. 

p2Ki.2i.9.        48  As  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God, 

g  Mat.  10. 15.  &        Sodom  'thy  sister  hath  not  done,  she  nor  her  daughters, 
^'-  -"■  As  thou  hast  done,  thou  and  thy  daughters. 

49  Behold,  this  was  the  iniquity  of  thy  sister  Sodom, 
rGe.  13. 10.  Prifie,  '^fuhicss  of  bread,  and  abundance  of  idleness  was  in  her 

And  in  her  daughters, 

Neither  did  she  strengthen  the  hand  of  the  poor  and  needy. 
*Ge.i3.i3.&i8.  .10  And  they  were  haughty,  and  'committed  abomination  before  me  ; 
tte^i%!:  Therefore  1  took  them  away  as  I  saw  good. 

51  Neither  hath  Samaria  committed  half  of  thy  sms ; 

But  thou  hast  multiplied  thine  abominations  more  than  they, 
«je.3.  11.  Mat.       And  "hast  justified  thy  sisters  in  all  thine  abominations  which  thou 
'    '  hast  done.  . 

52  Thou  also,  which  hast  judged  thy  sisters,  bear  thine  own  shame  tor 
That  thou  hast  committed  more  abominable  than  they  :  [thy  sins 
They  are  more  righteous  than  thou  : 

Yea,  be  thou  confounded  also,  and  bear  thy  shame. 

In  that  thou  hast  justified  thy  sisters, 
r  See  19.1.9.       53  When  "I  shall  bring  again  their  captivity, 
toJe.ao.  16.  The  "captivity  of  Sodom  and  her  daughters, 


976  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 

And  tlie  captivity  of  Samaria  and  her  daughters. 
Then  will  I  bring  again  the  captivity  of  thy  captives  in  the  midst 
of  them  ; 
^^  That  thou  mayest  bear  thine  own  shame, 

And  mayest  be  confounded  in  all  that  thou  hast  done, 
In  that  thou  art  a  comfort  unto  them. 
^^  When  thy  sisters,  Sodom  and  her  daughters,  shall  return  to  their 
former  estate, 
Then  Samaria  and  her  daughters  shall  return  to  their  former  estate, 
Then  thou  and  thy  daughters  shall  return  to  your  former  estate. 
*^t,'Iui^Jri^!r.  ^^  For  thy  sister  Sodom  was  not  *mentioned  by  thy  mouth 
t  Heb.  prid<a,  or,       In  the  day  of  thy  tpride. 
ezc  enn&s.        ^^  Bcforc  thy  wickcdncss  was  discovered, 

''ich'.^'.ii.  Is.       As  at  the  time  of  thy  ""reproach  of  the  daughters  of  t Syria, 
7. 1.&14. 38.          A,)d  all  that  are  round  about  her,  the  daughters  of  the  Philistines, 
llt'si^jr'  Which  ^despise  thee  round  about. 

t  Heb.  borne        ^^  Thou  hast  tbomc  thy  lewdness 
'''""""  And  thine  abominations,  saith  the  Lord. 

^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

I  will  even  deal  with  thee  as  thou  hast  done, 
i(  De.  29. 12, 14.        Which  hast  despised  ^the  oath  in  breaking  the  covenant. 
^"  Nevertheless  I  will  remember  my  covenant  with  thee 
In  the  days  of  thy  youth, 
^^^b^'"^^'^  -^'^"<i  I  ^^'ill  establish  unto  thee  ""an  everlasting  covenant. 

^^  Then  thou  shalt  remember  thy  ways,  and  be  ashamed. 

When  thou  shalt  receive  thy  sisters,  thine  elder  and  thy  younger  ; 
"t'G^x'.i.^^li       A"^  I  "''^^  Si^'6  them  unto  thee  for  "daughters, 
6je.  31.31,  fcc.        But  ''not  by  thy  covenant. 
eHo.  2. 19,20.     62  ^^^  q  y^.\\\  establish  my  covenant  with  thee. 
And  thou  shalt  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  ; 
^'^  That  thou  mayest  remember,  and  be  confounded, 
dRo.  3. 19.  And  ''never  open  thy  mouth  any  more  because  of  thy  shame. 

When  I  am  pacified  toward  thee   for  all  that  thou  hast  done,  saith 
the  Lord  God. 
^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  Ezekiel  xvii. 
^  Son  of  man  !   put   forth   a   riddle,  and  speak  a  parable 
unto  the  house  of  Israel;  ^  and  say,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God; 
A  great  eagle  with  great  wings. 
Long  winged,  full  of  feathers,  which  had  tdivers  colors, 
^m«^'.""*""^'         Came  unto  Lebanon,  and  'took  the  highest  branch  of  the  cedar. 
e2Ki.  24. 12.        "^  He  Cropped  off  the  top  of  his  young  twigs, 
And  carried  it  into  a  land  of  traffic  ; 
He  set  it  in  a  city  of  merchants. 
^  He  took  also  of  the  seed  of  the  land, 
And  *planted  it  in  •''a  fruitful  field  ; 
*filui'o/aeed. '" "       Hc  placcd  it  by  great  waters,  and  set  it  ^as  a  willow  tree. 
/De.8.7-9.  6  \fj(j  j^  grcw,  and  became  a  spreading  vine  of  low  stature, 

^  Is.  44. 4.  Whose  branches  turned  toward  him,  and  the  roots  thereof  were 

under  him  : 
So  it  became  a  vine, 

And  brought  forth  branches,  and  shot  forth  sprigs. 
"^  There  was  also   another  great  eagle  with   great   wings  and  many 
feathers  ; 
And,  behold,  this  vine  did  bend  her  roots  toward  him. 
And  shot  forth  her  branches  toward  him, 
That  he  might  water  it  by  the  furrows  of  her  plantation. 
Micb.  juu.  8  jt  ^^,j^j5  planted  in  a  good  tsoil  by  great  waters, 


p^^^  II.-]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.  ^)77 

That  it  might  bring  forth  branches, 
And  that  it  might  bear  fruit, 
That  it  might  be  a  goodly  vine. 
9  Say  thou,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ;  Shall  it  prosper  ? 
A2Ki.25.7.  Shall  'he  not  pull  up  the  roots  thereof, 

And  cut  oti"  the  fruit  thereof,  that  it  wither  ? 
It  shall  wither  in  all  the  leaves  of  her  spring, 

Even  without  great  power  or  many  people  to  pluck  it  up  by  the 
roots  thereof. 
10  Yea.  behold,  being  planted,  shall  it  prosper?  ,     ,    .   , 

i  Ho.  13. 15.  Shall  nt  not  utterly  wither,  when  the  east  wind  toucheth  it  ? 

It  shall  wither  in  the  furrows  where  it  grew. 

11  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,— 

12  Say  now  to  the  rebellious  house. 
Know  ye  not  what  these  things  mean  ? 

j 2  Ki.  24. 11-17.       Tell  them.  Behold !  ^ the  king  of  Babylon  is  come  to  Jerusalem, 
And  hath  taken  the  king  thereof,  and  the  princes  thereof, 
And  led  them  with  him  to  Babylon  ; 

13  And  hath  taken  of  the  king's  seed,  and  made  a  covenant  with  him, 
ft2Ch.36. 13.  And  "hath  Uaken  an  oath  of  him: 

J  Heb.  (n-ought         jj^  j^^^^j-^  ^|gQ  ^akcu  the  mighty  of  the  land. 

14  That  the  kingdom  might  be  base, 

*  Heb.  to  keep  Ms      That  it  mi-ht  not  lift  itsclf  up,  *but  that  by  keeping  of  his  covenant 

rrri/."  it  might  stand. 

i2Ki.24.2o.       15  But 'he  rebelled  against  him  in  sending  his  ambassadors  into  i^gypi, 
m  De.  17. 16.  u.       That  '"they  might  give  him  horses  and  much  people. 

31. 1, 3.  &  36. 6,       g j^^j^  j^^  pl^^p^^ ,  ^j^^jl  ,^g  ^gp^pe  th^t  aoeth  such  things  ? 

Or  shall  he  break  the  covenant,  and  be  delivered  ? 
16  As  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God,  ,    .  •     t 

„  je.  32. 5.  s.  34.       Surely  "in  the  place  where  the  king  dwelleth  that  made  him  king, 
Whose  oath  he  despised,  and  whose  covenant  he  brake. 
Even  with  him  in  the  midst  of  Babylon  he  shall  die. 
Neither  "shall  Pharaoh  with  his  mighty  army  and  great  company 
Make  for  him  in  the  war. 
By  casting  up  mounts,  and  building  forts,  to  cut  ofif  many  persons, 

18  Seeing  he  despised  the  oath  by  breaking  the  covenant, 
pich.29.24.  When,  lo,  he  had  ''g-iven  his  hand, 

nu^rg.  La.  5. 6.  ^^^^  j^^^j^  ^^^^^^  ^jj  ^j^^^^  thiugs— he  shall  uot  escapc. 

19  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

As  I  live,  surely  mine  oath  that  he  hath  despised, 

And  my  covenant  that  he  hath  broken, 

Even  it  will  I  recompense  upon  his  own  head. 

20  And  I  will  spread  my  net  upon  him, 
And  he  shall  be  taken  in  my  snare. 
And  t  will  bring  him  to  Babylon, 

And  will  plead  with  him  there  for  his  trespass 

That  he  hath  trespassed  against  me.  „  ,  „  ,       ,  , 

21  And  all  his  fugitives  with  all  his  bands  shall  fall  by  the  sword, 
And  they  that  remain  shall  be  scattered  toward  all  winds  ; 
And  ye  shall  know  that  I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it. 

22  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ;  .,,.,,  a   .m11 

,i.,i.i,Je.23.       I  will  also  take  of  the  highest  'branch  of  the   high  cedar,  and  will 
set  it  ;  .      r  1 

I  will  crop  off  from  the  top  of  his  young  twigs    a  tender  one, 
And  will  'plant  it  upon  a  high  mountain  and  eminent, 
,.2.2,3.Ez.    23  (1,^  'the  mountain  of  the  height  of  Israel  will  I  i)lant  it ; 
,4o.Mic.4.i.       ^^^^  .^  shall  bring  forth  boughs,  and  bear  fruit,  and  be  a  goodly  cedar. 

123  "^  " 


3.  &.  52.  11. 
i,Je.37.7.  i.7 


5.  Zee.  3...  g^^.^ 

r  Is.  53.2. 
«  Pa.  2.  6. 

.  2.  2.  3.  Ez 


VOL.   I. 


97^ 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VIL 


t  Heb.  jwlgment 
aitdjiuitice. 


yLe. 
20.  1 


a  Ex.  22.  20.  De. 

24.  12,  13. 
iDe.  ].■>.  7,8. 

Is.  58.  7.  Mat. 

25.  35,  36. 

e  Ex.  23.  25.  I.e. 
2.5.  3t),  37.  De. 
23.  19.  Nch.  5. 
7.  Ps.  15.  5. 


e  Am.  5.  4. 

J  Or,  brraJcer  up 
oj  a  Ai/iwe. 

/Ge.  9.  6.  Ex.21, 
12.  Nu.  35.  31. 

•  Or,  that  diieth  to 
hU  brother  be- 
sides any  of 
tliese. 


t  Heb.  l/loods. 
Le.aO.  9,11- 
13,  IC,  27.  Ac. 
J  8.  6. 


And  "under  it  shall  dwell  all  fowl  of  every  wing ; 
In  the  shadow  of  the  branches  thereof  sliall  they  dwell. 
^■*  And  all  the  trees  of  the  field  shall  know 

That  I  the  Lord  "have  brought  down  the  high  tree — have  e.xalted 

the  low  tree, 
Have  dried  up  the  green  tree — and  have  made  the  dry  tree  to  flourish : 
I  the  Lord  have  spoken  and  have  done  it. 

^  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  ine  again,  saying,  Ezekiel  xviii. 
^  What  mean  ye,  that  ye  use  this   proverb  concerning 
the   land  of  Israel,  saying,  "  The  fathers  have  eaten  sour  grapes,  and 
the  children's  teeth  are  set  on  edge  ? " 
^  As  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Ye  shall  not  have  occasion  any  more 
To  use  this  proverb  in  Israel. 
'*  Behold,  all  souls  are  mine  ; 
As  the  soul  of  the  father,  so  also  the  soul  of  the  son  is  mine : 
The  ""soul  that  sinneth — it  shall  die ! 

^  But  if  a  man  be  just, 
And  do  tthat  which  is  lawful  and  right, 
^  And  hath  not  eaten  upon  the  mountains. 
Neither  hath  lifted  up  his  eyes  to  the  idols  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
Neither  hath  ""defiled  his  neighbour's  wife, 
Neither  hath  come  near  to  ^a  menstruous  woman, 
'  And  hath  not  "^oppressed  any. 
But  hath  restored  to  the  debtor  his  "pledge, 
Hath  spoiled  none  by  violence, 
Hath  ''given  his  bread  to  the  hungry. 
And  hath  covered  the  naked  with  a  garment ; 
^  He  that  hath  not  given  forth  upon  "usury. 
Neither  hath  taken  any  increase, 
That  hath  withdrawn  his  hand  from  iniquity. 
Hath  ''e.xecuted  true  judgment  between  man  and  man, 
^  Hath  walked  in  my  statutes. 
And  hath  kept  my  judgments,  to  deal  truly  ; 
He  is  just — he  shall  surely  'live,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

^°  '  If  he  beget  a  son  that  is  a  trobber,  -^a  shedder  of  blood, 
And  *that  doeth  the  like  to  any  one  of  these  things, 
''  And  that  doeth  not  any  of  those  duties. 
But  even  hath  eaten  upon  the  mountains, 
And  defiled  his  neighbour's  wife, 
^-  Hath  oppressed  the  poor  and  needy. 
Hath  spoiled  by  violence. 
Hath  not  restored  the  pledge. 
And  hath  lifted  up  his  eyes  to  the  idols, 
Hath  committed  abomination, 
^^  Hath  given  forth  upon  usury, 
And  hath  taken  increase : 
Shall  he  then  live  ?     He  shall  not  live  : 
He  hath  done  all  these  abominations — he  shall  surely  die ; 
His  tblood  shall  be  upon  him. 

^'^  Now,  lo !  if  he  beget  a  son 
That  seeth  all  his  father's  sins  which  he  hath  done, 
And  considereth,  and  doeth  not  such  like, 
^^  That  hath  not  eaten  upon  the  mountains, 

Neither  hath  lifted  up  his  eyes  to  the  idols  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
Hath  not  defiled  his  neighbour's  wife, 
^^  Neither  hath  oppressed  any, 


p^^.,  11.^  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.  979 


Iwe. 


XUeh.pied^red  Hatii  iiot  twithUoldeii  the  pled< 

faL^ltv'^^'e.         Neither  spoiled  by  violence, 

But  hath  given  his  bread  to  the  hungry, 

And  hath  covered  the  naked  with  a  garment, 
>^  That  hath  taken  off  his  hand  from  the  poor, 

That  hath  not  received  usury  nor  increase, 

Hath  executed  my  judgments,  hath  walked  in  my  statutes  ; 

He  shall  not  die  for  the  iniquity  of  his  father— he  shall  surely  live. 
1^  As  for  his  father, 

Because  he  cruelly  oppressed, 

Spoiled  his  brother  by  violence, 

And  did  that  which  is  not  good  among  his  people, 

Lo !  even  he  shall  die  in  his  iniquity. 
^Ex.2o.5.De.  19  Yct  Say  yc   "Why?   ^doth  not  the  son  bear  the  iniquity  of  the 

5.9.aKi.23.-26.  ^^^^^^   ^^^^  ^^^^  '^^^^^  ^^^^^^   ^j^^^  ^^^.^,^   -^   j^^j-^^j  ^^^   ^Jgj^^^      ^f^tl^gr?  " 

And  hath  kept  all  my  statutes,  and  hath  done  them, 
He  shall  surely  live. 

20  The  soul  that  sinneth,  it  shall  die. 

fcDe.24. 16.  The  "son  shall  not  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  father, 

ich.Lt.4.  Je.        Neither  shall  the  lather  bear  the  iniquity  of  the  son : 
■ff\l'\  The  'righteousness  of  the  righteous  shall  be  upon  lum, 

]ro.2.9!"  And  nhe  wickedness  of  the  wicked  shall  be  upon  him. 

21  But  if  the  wicked  will  turn  from  all  his  sins  that  he  hath  committed, 
And  keep  all  my  statutes,  and  do  that  which  is  lawful  and  right, 
He  shall  surely  live — he  shall  not  die. 

22  All  his  transgressions  that  he  hath  committed, 
They  shall  not  be  mentioned  unto  him : 

In  his  righteousness  that  he  hath  done  he  shall  live. 
iiTi.2.4.2Pe.  23  jjavc  'I "any  pleasure  at  all  that  the  wicked  should  die?  saith  the 
Lord  God  ; 
And  not  that  he  should  return  from  his  ways  and  live  ? 

24  But  when  the  righteous  turneth  away  from  his  righteousness, 
And  committeth  iniquity, 
And  doeth  according  to  all  the  abominations  that  the  wicked  man 

Shall  he  live?  .  „         u  .-     ^T    ' 

i2Pe.2.2o.  All  'his  righteousness  that  he  hath  done  shall  not  be  mentioned  : 

In  his  trespass  that  he  hath  trespassed, 
And  in  his  sin  that  he  hath  sinned. 
In  them  shall  he  die. 

2^  Yet  ye  say, 
"  The  way  of  the  Lord  is  not  equal." 
Hear  now,  O  house  of  Israel ! 
Is  not  my  way  equal  ?  are  not  your  ways  unequal  ? 

26  When  a  righteous  man  turneth  away  from  his  righteousness, 
And  committeth  iniquity,  and  dieth  in  them ; 

For  his  iniquity  that  he  hath  done  shall  he  die. 

27  Again,  when  the  wicked  man  turneth  away 
From  his  wickedness  that  he  hath  committed, 
And  doeth  that  which  is  lawful  and  right, 
He  shall  save  his  soul  alive. 

28  Because  he  considereth,  ,  ,  ,  ,  -..a 
And  turneth  away  from  all  his  transgressions  that  he  hath  committed, 
He  shall  surely  live,  he  shall  not  die. 

29  Yet  saith  the  house  of  Israel, 
"  The  way  of  the   Lord  is  not  equal." 
O  house  of  Israel,  are  not  my  ways  equal  ? 
Are  not  your  ways  unequal  ? 


980 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.     [Period  Ylf, 


m  Mat.  3.  2.  Re. 
2.5. 

*  Or,  others, 
n  Eph.  -1.  22,  23. 


0  La.    3.  33. 
t  Or,  others. 


p  2  Ki.  23.  33. 
2  Ch.  36.  4.  Je. 
22.  11,  12. 


q  2  Ki.  23.  34. 


■  Je.  ?2.  13-17. 


\  Or,  widows. 


t2Ch.  36.  6.  Je. 
22.  18. 
*  Or,  hooks. 


■f  Or,  in  thy  quiet- 
ness, or,  in  thy 
likeness. 

«  De.  8.  7-9. 


»  Ju.  9.  15.  2Ki 
24.  20. 


^"  Therefore  I  will  judge  you,  O  house  of  Israel, 

Every  one  according  to  his  ways,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

Repent,  '"and  turn  *yourselves  from  all  your  transgressions  ; 

So  iniquity  shall  not  be  your  ruin. 
^^  Cast  "away  from  you  all  your  transgressions,  whereby  ye  have  trans- 
gressed ; 

And  make  you  a  new  heart  and  a  new  spirit : 

For  why  will  ye  die,  O  house  of  Israel  ? 
^'^  For  °I  have  no  pleasure  in  the  death  of  him  that  dieth, 

Saith  the  Lord  God  :  wherefore  turn  tyourselves,  and  live  ye! 
^  Moreover  take   thou    up    a    lamentation    for    the   Ezekiel  xix. 
princes  of  Israel,  ^  and  say, — 

What  is  thy  mother  ?  a  lioness  : 

She  lay  down  among  lions. 

She  nourished  her  whelps  among  young  lions. 
^  And  she  brought  up  one  of  her  whelps  : 

It  became  a  young  lion. 

And  it  learned  to  catch  the  prey  ;  it  devoured  men. 
^  The  nations  also  heard  of  him  ; 

He  was  taken  in  their  pit. 

And  they  brought  him  with  chains  unto  the  land  of  ^Egypt. 
^  Now  when  she  saw  that  she  had  waited, 

And  her  hope  was  lost. 

Then  she  'took  another  of  her  whelps, 

And  made  him  a  young  lion. 
^  And  'he  went  up  and  down  among  the  lions, 

He  became  a  young  lion. 

And  learned  to  catch  the  prey,  and  devoured  men. 
"''  And  he  knew  their  tdesolate  palaces, 

And  he  laid  waste  their  cities ; 

And  the  land  was  desolate,  and  the  fulness  thereof, 

By  the  noise  of  his  roaring. 

^  Then  Uhe  nations  set  against  him  on  every  side  from  the  prov- 
inces, 

And  spread  their  net  over  him  : 

He  was  taken  in  their  pit. 
^  And  'they  put  him  in  ward  in  *chains. 

And  brought  liim  to  the  king  of  Babylon : 

They  brought  him  into  holds. 

That  his  voice  should  no  more  be  heard  upon  the  mountains  of  Israel. 
^°  Thy  mother  is  like  a  vine  tin  thy  blood,  planted  by  the  waters: 

She  was  "fruitful  and  full  of  branches  by  reason  of  many  waters. 
^^  And  she  had  strong  rods  for  the  sceptres  of  them  that  bare  rule, 

And  her  stature  was  exalted  among  the  thick  branches. 

And  she  appeared  in  her  height  with  the  multitude  of  her  branches. 
^~  But  she  was  plucked  up  in  fury, 

She  was  cast  down  to  the  ground. 

And  the  east  wind  dried  up  her  fruit: 

Her  strong  rods  were  broken  and  withered  ; 

The  fire  consumed  them. 
^^  And  now  she  is  planted  in  the  wilderness, 

In  a  dry  and  thirsty  ground. 
^*  And  "fire  is  gone  out  of  a  rod  of  her  branches. 

Which  hath  devoured  her  fruit, 

So  that  she  hath  no  strong  rod  to  be  a  sceptre  to  rule. 

This  is  a  lamentation,  and  shall  be  for  a  lamentation. 


Part  II.] 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS. 


981 


M.   3411. 
C.  593. 


aEx.  G.  7.  De.  7. 


tOr 


sware .-  and 


Ex. 

0.8. 

6  Ex 

31. 

De.  4 

&4. 
34. 

cEx 

20.5 

dEx 
8.7 

.3.8, 
-9.  Je 

17.  De 
.3-2. 

Section   VI. — Prophecies  addressed  to  the  Elders  of  the  Jews  by  EzckielS'^^ 

EzEKiEL  xx.-xxiii. 

God  refiiselh  to  he  consulted  by  the  elders  of  Israel.  5  He  sliotreth  the  story  of  their  rebellions  hi 
Erypi,  10  in  the  wilderness,  27  and  in  the  land.  33  He  promiseth  to  t^ather  them  by  the  Gospel, 
^b  Under  the  name  of  a  forest  he  showeth  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem.  —  Chap.  xxi.  \  Ezelciel 
prophesieth  against  Jerusalem  iciih  asign  of  sighing.  8  The  shai-p  andbright  sword,  18  against 
Jerusalem,  "lb  against  the  kingdom,  28  and  against  the  Ammonites.— Q\\^\>.  xxii.  1  A  catalogue 
of  sins  in  Jerusalem.  13  God  loilL  burn  them  as  dross  in  his  furnace.  23  The  general  corrup- 
tion of  prophets,  priests,  princes,  and  people.  —  Chap,  xxiii.  1  Tlie  whoredoms  of  Aholah  and 
Aholibah.  22  Aholibah  is  to  be  plagued  by  her  lovers.  3G  Tlie  prophet  reproveth  the  adulteries 
of  them  both,  \b  and  shoictth  their  Judgments. 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  seventh  year,  in  the  fifth  month,  the 
tenth  day  of  the  month,  that  certain  of  the  elders  of  Israel  came  to 
inquire  of  the  Lord,  and  sat  before  me.  ^  Then  came  the  word  of  the 
Lord  unto  me,  saying,  ^  Son  of  man  I  speak  unto  the  elders  of  Israel, 
and  say  unto  them,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ;  Are  ye  come  to  inquire 
of  me  ?  As  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God,  I  will  not  be  inquired  of  by 
you.  ^  Wilt  thou  *judge  them,  son  of  man,  wilt  thou  judge  them  ? 
cause  them  to  know  the  abominations  of  their  fathers,  ^  and  say  unto 
them,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; — 

In  the  day  when  "I  chose  Israel, 

And  tlifted  up  my  hand  unto  the  seed  of  the  house  of  Jacob, 

And  made  myself  ''knoAvn  unto  them  in  the  land  of  Egypt, 

When  I  lifted  up  my  hand  unto  them,  saying, 

I  "am  the  Lord  your  God  ; 
^  In  the  day  that  I  lilted  up  my  hand  unto  them, 

To  ''bring  them  forth  of  the  land  of  Egypt 

Into  a  land  that  I  had  espied  for  them, 

Flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  (which  is  the  glory  of  all  lands  ;) 


(^°)  The  place  and  date  of  this  part  of  Ezekiel's 
prophecies  are  assigned  in  chap.  xx.  ver.  1.  A  dep- 
utation of  the  elders  come  to  the  prophet,  in  the 
seventh  year  of  his  captivity,  to  request  him  to  ask 
counsel  of  God.  Ezekiel,  by  divine  command,  re- 
minds them  of  God's  mercies,  and  their  continued 
idolatry  and  rebellions  against  him,  from  their  de- 
parture out  of  Egypt,  to  that  very  day,  (chap.  xx. 
ver.  1-40.)  The  e.vpression,  (ver.  ^5,)  "  I  gave  thein 
statutes  which  were  not  good,  and  judgments 
wlioreby  they  should  not  live,"  is  obscure,  and  has 
been  variously  interpreted.  The  generality  of  com- 
mentators have  supposed  that  it  referred  to  the 
idolatrous  statutes  and  judgments,  and  the  corrupt 
principles  and  practices  of  the  heathen  nations, 
which  were  so  prevalent  among  the  Jews.  Bishop 
Warburton  is  of  opinion  that  by  "  the  statutes  which 
were  not  good,"  was  meant  tlie  ritual  law,  which, 
though  burdensome  and  grievous,  was  the  only 
means  of  preserving  the  Israelites  an  independent 
people,  and  of  preparing  them  for  a  niore  perfect 
and  lasting  covenant.  Towards  the  end  of  the 
chapter,  (ver.  40-4.J.)  promises  of  mercy  are  held 
out,  and  their  return  from  captivity  is  foretold  The 
destruction  of  Jerusalem  (ver.  45,  to  the  end.)  is 
signified  under  the  emblem  of  a  forest  consumed 
by  fire.  It  is  called  the  forest  of  the  south,  because 
it  lay  to  the  south  of  Chaldea  ;  where  the  prophet 
then  uttered  his  predictions. 

In  chap.  xxi.  ver.  1-18,  under  the  emblem  of  a 
sharp  sword,  is  predicted  the  destruction  of  the 
Jews  and  (ver.  18-25)  of  Jerusalem.  The  destruc- 
tion is  foretold  in  a  forcible  and  splendid  manner. 
God  foreshows  to  his  prophet, that  the  king  of  Baby- 
lon, coming  with  his  army  into  Syria,  and  finding 
that  tlie  Ammonites  had  entered  into  a  confederacy 
with  Egypt,  as  well  as  Zedekiah,  was  in  doubt 
against  which  of  the  two  people  he  should  first  wage 
war  ;  he  decided  therefore  by  adopting  the  usual  cus- 
tom of  divining  by  arrows.  This  ceremony  consist- 
■  ed  in  writing  on  several  arrows  the  names  of  the 
cities  they   intended  to   assault,  and  then  putting 


them  all  together  promiscuously  in  a  quiver  ;  they 
were  drawn  out,  as  lots  are  drawn ;  and  the  city, 
whose  name  was  written  on  the  arrow  first  taken 
from  the  quiver,  was  the  city  upon  which  thej'  first 
made  war.  That  Nebuchadnezzar  had  recourse  to 
this  plan  of  divination,  seems  probable  from  the  ex- 
pression in  ver.  21.  In  our  translation  we  read, 
"  he  made  his  arrows  bright ;  "  but  the  more  proper 
rendering,  according  to  Archbishop  Nevvcome, 
should  be,  "  he  mingled  his  arrows."  There  is, 
however,  another  mode  of  divining,  which  is  said  to 
be  still  in  use,  to  which  this  expression  in  ver.  21, 
will  apply  with  equal  justice.  In  divination  the 
idolatrous  Arabs  made  use  of  three  arrows  only,  on 
one  was  written, "  My  Lord  hath  commanded  me  ;  " 
and  another,  --My  Lord  hath  forbidden  me  ;"  and  the 
third  was  blank.  If  the  first  was  drawn,  they 
looked  upon  it  as  an  approbation  of  the  enterprise 
in  question ;  if  the  second,  tliey  made  a  contrary 
conclusion  ;  but  if  the  third  chanced  to  be  drawn, 
tliey  mixed  them,  and  drew  over  again,  till  a  deci- 
sive answer  was  obtained  by  one  of  the  others. 
Ezekiel  describes  this  proceeding  of  Nebuchad- 
nezzar by  prophetic  anticipation. 

The  subversion  of  the  temporal  kingdom  of  Jiidah 
leads  the  prophet  to  refer  to  Zedekiah,  (ver.  2.5-2.'5.) 
and  to  predict  the  total  overthrow  of  the  earthly 
dominion  of  the  house  of  David,  till  the  day  come, 
when  the  Messiah  shall  visit  his  people.  He  then 
predicts  the  overthrow  of  the  Ammonites  by  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, (ver.  23,  to  the  end  ;)  which  prophecy 
was  fulfilled  five  years  after  Jerusalem  was  de- 
stroyed. Chap.  xxii.  contains  a  recital  of  the  sins 
committed  in  Jerusalem,  by  all  ranks  of  people,  for 
which  severe  judgments  are  denounced  :  and  chap, 
xxiii.  represents  the  idolatries  of  Samaria  and  Jeru- 
salem under  the  emblem  of  two  harlots  ;  and  for  their 
crimes,  (ver.  22,  to  the  end.)  the  severest  judgments 
are  threatened  to  both. — Warburton's  Dicinc  Lr^at. 
b.  iv.  c.  6;  Ihiles  J nalii.<iis,  vol.  ii.  p.  485;  .Archbp. 
Newcome  in  loc.  ;  Horne's  C'rit.  Introd.;  Note  in 
Mant  and  D'Oyly's  Bible,  on  Ezek.  xxii.  25. 


982  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII 

'  Then  said  I  unto  them, 

Cast  ye  away  every  man  the  abominations  of  his  eyes, 
*3!De.'w.'\t-lf.       A"^l  defile  not  yourselves  with  ^the  idols  of  Egypt: 
Jos. 24. 14.  I  a,^  tije  Lord  your  God. 

^  But  they  rebelled  against  me, 

And  would  not  hearken  unto  me  ; 

They  did  not  every  man  cast  away  the  abominations  of  their  eyes, 

Neither  did  they  forsake  the  idols  of  Egypt : 

Then  I  said,  I  will  pour  out  my  fury  upon  them,) 

To  accomplish  mine  anger  against  them  in  the  midst  of  the  land  of 
Egypt : 
•^Nu'  ft^:lt     ^  But  ^I  wrought  for  my  name's  sake, 
i^«-  9-  28-  (That  it  should  not  be  polluted  before  the  heathen, 

Among  whom  they  were. 

In  whose  sight  I  made  myself  known  unto  them,) 

In  bringing  them  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt. 
^  Ex.  13. 18.        10  wiierefore  I  "caused  them  to  go  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 

And  brought  them  into  the  wilderness. 
*i3fi4.p;.  H7.^"  ^^  ^"^  ''I  gave  them  my  statutes, 
i^'2"-  And  tshowed  them  my  judgments, 

to  know." '  '*"       Which  'if  a  man  do,  he  shall  even  live  in  them. 
'iVs^cfi  3''i2   ^"  Moreover  also  I  gave  them  my  ^Sabbaths, 

To  be  a  sign  between  me  and  them. 

That  they  might  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  that  sanctify  them. 
^j,i"*-_  _  '^  But  the  house  of  Israel  ^rebelled  against  me  in  the  wilderness: 

They  walked  not  in  my  statutes. 

And  they  'despised  my  judgments, 

(Which  if  a  man  do,  he  shall  even  live  in  them  ;) 

And  my  Sabbaths  they  greatly  '"polluted  : 

Then  I  said,  I  would  pour  out  my  fury  upon  them  "in  the  wilderness. 

To  consume  them. 
^■^  But  I  wrought  for  my  name's  sake, 

That  it  sliould  not  be  polluted  before  the  heathen, 

In  whose  sight  I  brought  them  out. 
oNu.  14.28.  15  Ygt  j^igo  °j  lifted  up  my  hand  unto  them  in  the  wilderness, 

That  I  would  not  bring  them  into  the  land  which  I  had  given  them, 

Flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  (which  is  the  glory  of  all  lands  ;) 
^^  Because  they  despised  my  judgments. 

And  walked  not  in  my  statutes,  but  polluted  my  Sabbaths  : 
^8."37.\m.' £'■        For  ^their  heart  went  after  their  idols. 

25, 20.  Ac.  7.  17  Nevertheless  'mine  eye  spared  them  from  destroying  them, 

jPs.  78. 38.  Neither  did  I  make  an  end  of  them  in  the  wilderness. 

^^  But  I  said  unto  their  children  in  the  wilderness. 

Walk  ye  not  in  the  statutes  of  your  fathers. 

Neither  observe  their  judgments, 

Nor  defile  yourselves  with  their  idols. 

I  am  the  Lord  your  God  ; 

Walk  'in  my  statutes,  and  keep  my  judgments, 
*"•  And  do  them  ; 

,  je.  17. 22.         20  j^^^^  'hallow  my  Sabbaths  ; 

And  they  shall  be  a  sign  betwen  me  and  you, 

That  ye  may  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  your  God. 
'l^%]t?u  ^'  Notwithstanding  'the  children  rebelled  against  me  : 
~    '  They  walked  not  in  my  statutes. 

Neither  kept  my  judgments  to  do  them, 

(Which  if  a  man  do,  he  shall  even  live  in  them  ;) 

They  polluted  my  Sabbaths  : 


j  Ex.  20.  8.  &  31, 
13,  &c.  &.  35.  2 
Pe.  .5.  12.  Neh 


k  Nu.  14.  ^, 
I  Pr.  1 


Nu.  14.  29.& 
26.  65. 


•  De.  5.  32,  33. . 


27. 


V  See  P3.  81.  12. 
Ho.  1.-24. 
2  Thes.  2.  11. 

a  i.  e.  not  pro- 
ductive of  good. 
-Ed. 

«;aKi.  17.  I7.& 
21.  tj.  2  Ch.  28. 
3.  &.  33.  6.  Je. 
32.  35. 

Part  II.]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.  983 

Then  I  said,  I  would  pour  out  my  fury  upon  them, 
To  accomplish  mine  anger  against  them  in  the  wilderness. 
^^  Nevertheless  I  withdrew  my  hand, 
And  wrought  for  my  name's  sake, 

That  it  should  not  be  polluted  in  the  sight  of  the  heathen, 
In  whose  sight  I  brought  them  forth. 

'^  I  lifted  up  my  hand  unto  tliem  also  in  the  wilderness, 
^c^^--?^\^;P°,'       That  "I  would  scatter  them  among  the  heathen, 

28.  b4.  Je.  15.  4.  .        ,     ,.  ,  ,  ,       ,  ^  .  ' 

And  disperse  them  through  the  countries  ; 
^■^  Because  they  had  not  executed  my  judgments, 

But  had  despised  my  statutes. 

And  had  polluted  my  Sabbaths, 

And  their  eyes  were  after  their  fathers'  idols. 
2^  Wherefore  "I  gave  them  also  statutes,  that  were  not  =»good, 

And  judgments,  whereby  they  should  not  live  ; 
^^  And  I  polluted  them  in  tlieir  own  gifts, 

In  that  they  caused  to  pass  "through  the  fire  all  that  openeth  the 
womb. 

That  I  might  make  them  desolate,  to  the  end  that  they  might  know 
that  I  am  the  Lord. 
^^  Therefore,  son  of  man,  speak  unto  the  house  of  Israel,   and 
say  unto  them,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; — 
^^°-2-24.  Yet  in  this  your  fathers  have  ""blasphemed  me, 

*a"r^^!?""''*'^       ^^  that  they  have  *committe(l  a  trespass  against  me. 
2^  For  when  I  had  brought  them  into  the  land, 

jPor  the  which  I  lifted  up  my  hand  to  give  it  to  them. 

Then  they  saw  every  high  hill,  and  all  the  thick  trees, 

And  they  offered  there  their  sacrifices. 

And  there  they  presented  the  provocation  of  their  offering : 

There  also  they  made  their  sweet  savour. 

And  poured  out  there  their  drink  offerings. 
^^^a/tl'Ji'^    ''  Then  tl  said  unto  them, 
^lace was, or.  What  is  the  high  place  whereunto  ye  go? 

And  the  name  thereof  is  called  Bamah  unto  this  day. 

^°  Wherefore  say  unto  the  house  of  Israel,  Thus  saith  the  Lord 

Are  ye  polluted  after  the  manner  of  your  fathers  ?  [God, 

And  commit  ye  whoredom  after  their  abominations  ? 
^^  For  when  ye  offer  your  gifts, 

When  ye  make  your  sons  to  paGs  through  the  fire, 

Ye  pollute  yourselves  with  all  your  idols,  even  unto  this  day: 

And  shall  I  be  inquired  of  by  you,  O  liouse  of  Israel  ? 

As  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God,  I  will  not  be  inquired  of  by  you. 
^■2  And  that  which  cometh  into  your  mind  shall  not  be  at  all, 

That  ye  say,  ''  We  will  be  as  the  heathen, 

As  the  families  of  the  countries,  to  serve  wood  and  stone." 
3^  As  T  live,  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Surely  with  a  mighty  hand,  and  with  a  stretched-out  arm. 

And  with  fury  poured  out,  will  I  rule  over  you  ; 
^■^  And  I  will  bring  you  out  from  the  people, 

And  will  gather  you  out  of  the  countries,  wherein  ye  are  scattered, 

With  a  mighty  hand,  and  with  a  stretched-out  arm. 

And  with  fury  poured  out. 
^^  And  I  will  bring  yon  into  the  wilderness  of  the  people, 

And  there  will  I  plead  with  you  face  to  face. 
^^%aoQ^*'^^~  ^^  Like  ^as  I  plended  with  your  fathers  in  the  wilderness  of  the  land 

S3,  -8,  2y.  r    -Tf 

oi  Lgypt, 
So  will  I  plead  with  you,  saith  the  Lord  God. 


d  Is.  56.  7.  &  60. 
7.  Zee.  8.  20, 
&c.  Mai.  3.  4. 
Ro.  12.  1 


984  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 

^^'li'  ^~'^'^'    ^^  "'^"^  ^  ^^'"  ^''^"^6  you  to  "pass  under  the  rod, 
XOT,adeiwerUs.       And  I  vvill  biing  you  into  tthe  bond  of  the  covenant; 
a  Mat.  25. 32, 33.  38  .^nd  °I  will  purge  out  from  among  you  the  rebels, 
And  th.em  tliat  transgress  against  me. 

I  vvill  bring  them  forth  out  of  the  country  where  they  sojourn. 
And  they  shall  not  enter  into  tiie  land  of  Israel ; 
And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

^^  As  for  you,  O  house  of  Israel,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God; 
Go  'ye,  serve  ye  every  one  his  idols, 
And  hereafter  also,  if  ye  will  not  hearken  unto  me  ; 
But  "^pollute  ye  my  holy  name  no  more 
With  your  gifts,  and  with  your  idols. 
For  in  my  holy  mountain, 

In  the  mountain  of  the  height  of  Israel,  saith  the  Lord  God, 
There  shall  all  the  house  of  Israel  (all  of  them  in   the  land)  serve 
There  ''will  I  accept  them,  [me : 

And  there  will  I  require  your  offerings, 
Or,  chief.  And  the  *firstfruits  of  your  oblations,  with  all  your  holy  things. 

tHeh.  sacouro/   41  J  ^j^  accept  you  with  your  fsweet  savour, 
Phil.  4. 18.' "  When  I  bring  you  out  from  the  people, 

And  gather  you  out  of  the  countries  wherein  ye  have  been  scattered  ; 
And  I  will  be  sanctified  in  you  before  the  heathen. 
^'^  And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

When  I  shall  bring  you  into  the  land  of  Israel, 
Into  the  country  for  the  which  I  lifted  up  my  hand 
To  give  it  to  your  fathers. 
^^  And  there  shall  ye  remember  your  ways, 

And  all  your  doings,  wherein  ye  have  been  defiled ; 
's^Ts^^  ^^'  ""■         And  'ye  shall  loathe  yourselves  in  your  own  sight 
For  all  your  evils  that  ye  have  committed. 
^^  And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

When  I  have  wrought  with  you  for  my  name's  sake, 

Not  according  to  your  wicked  ways,  nor  according  to  your  coirupt 

doings, 
O  ye  house  of  Israel !  saith  the  Lord  God. 

"•^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, — 
^^  Son  of  man  !   set  thy  face  toward  the  south. 
And  drop  thy  word  toward  the  south. 
And  prophesy  against  the  forest  of  the  south  field  ; 
^''  And  say  to  the  forest  of  the  south. 
Hear  the  word  of  ihe  Lord  ! 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God; 
/je.21.14.  Behold,  a  will  kindle  a  fire  in  thee, 

^rLu.sa.  31.  ^j^^  jj  gj^jjlj  figy^m-  ^every  green  tree  in  thee, 

And  every  dry  tree  : 

The  flaming  flame  shall  not  be  quenched. 

And  all  faces  from  the  south  to  the  north  shall  be  burned  therein. 
^^  And  all  flesh  shall  see  that  I  the  Lord  have  kindled  it : 
It  shall  not  be  quenched. 

"^'^  Then  said  I,  Ah  Lord  God  !  they  say  of  me.  Doth  he  not  speak 
parables  ?  ^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  Ezekiel  xxi 
saying, — 

^  Son  of  man  !  set  thy  face  toward  Jerusalem, 
And  ''drop  thy  word  toward  the  holy  places. 
And  prophesy  against  the  land  of  Israel, 
^  And  say  to  tlic  land  of  Israel,  thus  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Behold,  I  am  against  thee, 


A  De.  32.  2.  Am. 
7.  16.  Mic.  2.  6, 

n. 


Part  II.]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.  985 

And  will  draw  forth  my  swoid  out  of  his  sheath, 
And  will  cut  off  from  thee  tht-  righteous  and  the  wicked. 
^  Seeing  then  that  I  will  cut  off  from  thee  the  righteous  and  the  wicked, 
Therefore  shall  my  sword  go  forth  out  of  his  sheath 
Against  all  flesh  from  the  south  to  the  north  ; 
^  That  all  flesh  may  know 
That  I  the  Lord  have  drawn  forth  my  sword  out  of  his  sheath : 
i  So  Is.  45.23.  It  "shall  not  return  any  more. 

*'^^""'  6  gigj^  therefore,  thou  son  of  man, 

With  the  breaking  of  thy  loins  ; 
And  with  bitterness  sigh  before  their  eyes. 
■^  And  it  shall  be,  when  they  say  unto  thee.  Wherefore  sighest  thou  ? 
That  thou  shalt  answer.  For  the  tidings  ;  because  it  cometh ; 
And  every  heart  shall  melt,  and  all  hands  shall  be  feeble, 
XHeh.  shall  go         And  cvcry  spirit  shall  faint,  and  all  knees  tshall  be  weak  as  water: 
into  water.  Bcliold,  it  couicth,  and  shall  be  brought  to  pass,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

s  Again  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, — 
9  Son  of  man,  prophesy !  and  say.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  ;  say, 
j  De.  32. 41.  4  ^sword,  a  sword  is  sharpened,  and  also  furbished  ! 

^^  It  is  sharpened  to  make  a  sore  slaughter : 
It  is  furbished  that  it  may  glitter  : 
Should  we  then  make  mirth  ? 
*oTm^''siV''udf       *It  contemneth  the  rod  of  my  son,  as  every  tree. 
%TsUZlry  "'    11  And  he  hath  given  it  to  be  furbished,  that  it  may  be  handled: 
'"'■  This  sword  is  sharpened,  and  it  is  furbished, 

To  give  it  into  the  hand  of  the  slayer. 

12  Cry  and  howl,  son  of  man  ! 
For  it  shall  be  upon  my  people. 
It  shall  be  upon  all  the  princes  of  Israel : 
tor,  They  are  fTcrrors  by  rcasou  of  the  sword  shall  be  upon  my  people: 

thrust  down  to  '  ,  n  ^i         xi   ■     1. 

the  sword  with  Smitc  thcrcforc  upon  thy  thigh. 

t'orfSm  the     ^^  tBccausc  it  IS  '^a  trial, 
trial h(M. been,         ^^^^  ^},^|.  jf  jj^g  sword  coutcmu  cvcu  thc  rod? 


they  not  also  be-        \i  ghall  bc  uo  morc,  saith  the  Lord  God 
^sp&nVrodi'      14  Thou  therefore,  son  of  man,  prophesy, 
ft^job  9. 23. 2  Co.       And  'smite  thy  *hands  together 


I  Nu.  24.  10. 
Heb.  hand  to 


And  let  the  sword  be  doubled  the  third  time,  the  sword  of  the  slain : 
It  is  the  sword  of  the  great  men  that  are  slain, 


^Tt  on  -m  ^       Which  entereth  into  their  "privy  chambers. 


1  Ki.  20.  30.  & 


"s^.25'.    ■    ■      15  I  have  set  the  tpoint  of  the  sword  against  all  their  gates, 
^0?'/^""*^'"^'         That  their  heart  may  faint,  and  their  ruins  be  multiplied : 

Ah  !  it  is  made  bright, 
X  Or,  sharpened.        It  is  twrappcd  up  for  thc  slaughter. 

16  Go  thee  one  way  or  other, 
*  neh.  set  thyself,       Either  on  the  right  hand,  *or  on  the  left, 
*hant''^''^  Whithersoever  thy  face  is  set. 

"  I  will  also  smite  my  hands  together, 
And  I  will  cause  my  fury  to  rest : 
I  the  Lord  have  said  it. 

IS  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me  again,  saying, — 
19  Also,  thou  son  of  man  !  appoint  thee  two  ways. 
That  the  sword  of  the  king  of  Babylon  may  come : 
Both  twain  shall  come  forth  out  of  one  land : 
And  choose  thou  a  place, 
Choose  it  at  the  head  of  the  way  to  the  city. 
« je.  49. 2.  Am.    20  Appoint   a  way,  that    the   sword   may   come   to   "Rabbath   of  the 
^-  "■  And  to  Judah  in  Jerusalem  the  defenced.  [Ammonites, 

124  4f. 


986  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 

^S^wa"^'^'^"^  ^'  ^^^  the  king  of  Babylon  stood  at  the  f parting  of  the  way, 

At  the  head  of  the  two  ways,  to  use  divination  : 
tor, fcmcM.  jjg  made  his  tanows  bright, 

uraphim.        jj^  consulted  with  *iniages, 

He  looked  in  tlie  hver. 
~  At  his  right  hand  was  the  divination  for  Jerusalem, 
\''allI'X%.         To  appoint  tcaptauis, 
Heb.  rams.  ^o  opcu  the  mouth  iu  the  slaughter. 

To  lift  up  the  voice  with  shouting, 

To  appoint  battering  rams  against  the  gates. 

To  cast  a  mount,  and  to  build  a  fort. 
^"^  And  it  shall  be  unto  them  as  a  false  divination  in  their  sights 
^^fZl^t^:^       iTo  them  that  have  sworn  oaths  ; 

But  he  will  call  to  remembrance  the  iniquity, 

That  they  may  be  taken. 

^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Because  ye  have  made  your  iniquity  to  be  remembered, 

In  that  your  transgressions  are  discovered. 

So  that  in  all  your  doings  your  sins  do  appear ; 

Because,  I  say,  that  ye  are  come  to  remembrance, 

Ye  shall  be  taken  with  the  hand. 
''je?k^'.^^'      ^^  ^"^  thou,  "profane  wicked  prince  of  Israel,  (whose  day  is  come. 

When  iniquity  shall  have  an  end,) 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

R,emove  the  diadem,  and  take  off  the  crown  : 

This  shall  not  be  the  same  : 
p Lu.  1. 53.  Exalt  'him  that  is  low,  and  abase  him  that  is  high. 

*y"tw^r"p'^'-'''  ^^  *I  will  overturn,  overturn,  overturn,  it : 
verted  wki  Aud  'It  shall  be  no  more,  until  He  come  whose  riffht  it  is : 

make  tt.  A        1    T         -11        •  •      I   • 

?seeGe.  49. 10.       And  1  Will  give  it  him. 

-*^  And  thou,  son  of  man,  prophesy  and  say.  Thus  saith  the  Lord 
'a.Vio".^"^'''''    God 'concerning  the  Ammonites,  and  concerning  their  reproach  ;  even 
say  thou, — 

The  sword,  the  sword  is  drawn  ! 
For  the  slaughter  it  is  furbished, 
To  consume  because  of  the  glittering  ; 
2^  While  they  see  vanity  unto  thee. 
While  they  divine  a  lie  unto  thee, 
To  bring  thee  upon  the  necks  of  them  that  are  slain. 
Of  the  wicked,  whose  day  is  come,  when  their  iniquity  shall  have 
an  end. 
^°'jr«Te!47'."6,  ^^  \^\\^\\  I  causc  it  to  rctum  into  his  sheath  ? 

^-  I  "will  judfje  thee  in  the  place  where  thou  wast  created, 

.Ge.  15. 14.  jj^  ^i^g  jj^i^j  ^^  jl^y  nativity. 

^^  And  I  will  pour  out  mine  indignation  upon  thee, 
I  will  blow  against  thee  in  tiie  fire  of  my  wrath, 
t  Or,  burnins-  ^ud  dcHver  thee  into  the  hand  of  tbrutish  men,  and  skilful  to  destroy. 

^•^  Thou  shalt  be  for  fuel  to  the  fire  ; 

Tliy  blood  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  the  land  ; 
Thou  shalt  be  no  more  remembered  : 
For  I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it. 

'  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,       Ezekikl  .Txii. 
saying, — 
*OT,pieadfor.      ^^ci\w,  thou  soH  of   man!     wilt  thou  *judge,  wilt  thou  judge  the 
^bh!l"'^"^  t bloody  city? 

t  Hob.  7naAe Aer        Yca,  thou  shalt  tshow  her  all  her  abominations. 
3  Then  say  thou.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 


know,  Ez.  16.  2. 


Part  II.] 


u  De.  28.  37. 
1  Ki.  9.  7. 
Da.  9.  16. 


*  Heb.  ■polluted 
of  name,  much 
in  veiatwii. 

■f  Heb.  arm. 

V  De.  27.  16. 

joEx.  22.  21,22 
I  Or,  deceit. 


X  Le.  19.  30. 

*  Heb.  men  of 
slanders.  Ez.  23. 
1.   Le.  19.  16. 


y  Le.  18.  7,  8.  & 
20.  11.  1  Co.  5. 
1. 
z  Le.  18.  19.  & 
20.  18. 

I  Or,  every  omc 
a  Le.  18.  20.  & 
ao.  10.  De.  22. 
22.  Je.  5.  8. 
J  Or,  every  one. 
b  Le.  18.  15.  & 
20.  12. 

*  Or,  by  leiodness. 
c  Le.  18.  9.  &  20. 

17. 
d  Ex.  23.  8.  De. 

16.  J  9.  &  27.  25. 
e  Ex.  22.  25.   Le. 
25.  3.i.  De.  23. 
19. 
/De.  32.  18.  Je. 
3.21. 


«■  De.  4.  27.  & 
28.25,64. 


•(■  Or,  shall  he 
profaned. 


h  Is.  1.  22.  Je.  6 
28,  &c.  See  Ps 
119.  119. 


J  Heb.  drosses. 


*  Heb.  According 
to  the  gathering. 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.        981 

The  city  sheddeth  blood  in  the  midst  of  it,  that  her  time  may  come, 
And  maketh  idols  against  herself  to  defile  herself. 
4  Thou  art  become  guilty  in  thy  blood  that  thou  has     shed  ; 
And  hast  defiled  thyself  in  thine  idols  which  thou  hast  made  ; 
And  thou  hast  caused  thy  days  to  draw  near, 
And  art  come  even  unto  thy  years  :  ,      .      *u 

Therefore  "have  I  made  thee  a  reproach  unto  the  heathen, 
And  a  mocking  to  all  countries, 
s  Those  that  be  near,  and  those  that  be  far  from  thee,  shall  mock  thee, 
Which  art  *infamous  and  much  vexed. 

6  Behold,  the  princes  of  Israel,  ,     ,  ,  ,      , 

Every  one  were  in  thee  to  their  tpower  to  shed  blood. 
^  In  thee  have  they  "set  light  by  father  and  mother : 
In  the  midst  of  thee  have  they  "dealt  by  toppression  with  the  stran- 
In  thee  have  they  vexed  the  fatherless  and  the  widow.  Lger  • 

8  Thou  hast  despised  my  holy  things, 
And  hast  "profaned  my  Sabbaths. 

9  In  thee  are  *men  that  carry  tales  to  shed  blood  : 
And  in  thee  they  eat  upon  the  mountains : 

In  the  midst  of  thee  they  commit  lewdness. 
10  In  thee  have  they  discovered  their  fathers   nakedness : 

In  thee  have  th/y  humbled  her  that  was  'set  apart  ^^^l^^^^^'    . 
n  And  tone  hath  committed  abomination  Vith  his  neighbour  s  wife  , 

And  tanother  ^hath  Mewdly  defiled  his  daughter-m- aw  ; 

And  another  in  thee  hath  humbled  his  ^sister,  his  father  s  daughter. 
12  In  thee  "have  they  taken  gifts  to  shed  blood  ; 

Thou  Miast  taken  usury  and  increase,  ^vt^rtinn 

And  thou  hast  greedily  gained  of  thy  neighbours  by  extortion. 

And  ^hast  forgotten  me,  saith  the  Lord  Cjod. 
13  Behold,  therefore,  I  have  smitten  my  hand, 

At  thy  dishonest  gain  which  thou  hast  made 

And  at  thy  blood  which  hath  been  in  the  midst  of  thee. 

14  Can  thy  heart  endure,  or  can  thy  hands  be  strong, 
In  the  days  that  I  shall  deal  with  thee  r 

I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it,  and  will  do  it. 

15  And  'I  will  scatter  thee  among  the  heathen, 
And  disperse  thee  in  the  countries, 

And  will  consume  thy  filthiness  out  of  thee. 
i«  And  thou  tshalt  take  thine  inheritance  in  thyself  in  the  sight  of  the 
heathen, 
And  thou  shalt  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

17  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,— 

•  i«  Son  of  man  1  "the  house  of  Israel  is  to  me  become  dross : 

•  Mthey  are  brass,  and  tin,  and  iron,  and  lead,  in  the  midst  of  the 

furnace ; 
They  are  even  the  tdross  of  silver. 

19  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Sr  ^::^ef:r:^~t&  into  ..  midst  of  Jerusalem 
^0  *As  tliey  gather  silver,  and  brass,  and  iron,  and  lead,  and  tm, 

Into  the  midst  of  the  furnace. 

To  blow  the  fire  upon  it,  to  melt  it ; 

So  will  I  gather  you  in  mine  anger  and  m  my  tury. 

And  1  will  leave  you  there,  and  melt  you. 
21  Yea  I  will  gather  you,  and  blow  upon  you  in  the  fire  of  my  wrath, 

And  ye  shall  be  melted  in  the  midst  thereof. 
82  \s  silver  is  melted  in  the  midst  of  the  furnace, 


988 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.    [Period  VII. 


j  Mat.  23.  14. 

itMic.S.ll.Zep. 
3.  3,  4. 

i  Mai.  2.  8. 

t  Heb.  offered  vio- 
lence to. 

m  he.  iK.  2,  4,c. 
1  Sa.  2. 29. 

n  Le.  10.  10.  Je. 
15.  19. 


0  Is.  1.  23.  Mic. 
3.  2,  3,  9-11. 
Zep.  .3.  3. 


p  Je.  5.  2&-28. 
t  Or,  deceU. 

q  Ex.  22.  21.  & 
23.  9.  Le.  19.  33. 

•  Heb.  without 
right. 

rSeeGe.  18.  26. 


So  shall  ye  be  melted  in  the  midst  thereof; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  the  Lord  have  pomed  out  my  fury  upon 
'■^"^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, —         [you. 
^*  Son  of  man  !  say  unto  her, 

Thou  art  the  land  that  is  not  cleansed. 

Nor  rained  upon  in  the  day  of  indignation. 
^^  There  'is  a  conspiracy  of  her  prophets  in  the  midst  thereof, 

Like  a  roaring  lion  ravening  the  prey  ; 

They  ^have  devoured  souls  ; 

They  *have  taken  the  treasure  and  precious  things  ; 

They  have  made  her  many  widows  in  the  midst  thereof. 
^^  Her  'priests  have  I  violated  my  law, 

And  have  "profaned  my  holy  things: 

They  have  put  no  "ditference  between  the  holy  and  profane. 

Neither  have  they  showed  difference  between  the  unclean  and  the 

And  have  hid  their  eyes  from  my  Sabbaths,  [clean, 

And  I  am  profaned  among  them. 
2^  Her  "princes  in  the  midst  thereof  are  like  wolves  ravening  the  prey, 

To  shed  blood,  and  to  destroy  souls. 

To  get  dishonest  gain. 
^  And  her  prophets  have  daubed  them  with  untempered  mortar. 

Seeing  vanity,  and  divining  lies  unto  them,  saying, 

"Thus  saith  the  Lord  God,"  when  the  Lord  hath  not  spoken. 
^^  The  ^people  of  the  land  have  used  loppression,  and  exercised  rob- 

And  have  vexed  the  poor  and  needy :  [bery, 

Yea,  they  have  'oppressed  the  stranger  *wrongfully. 
^°  And  ^I  sought  for  a  man  among  them. 

That  should  make  up  the  hedge. 

And  stand  in  the  gap  before  me 

For  the  land,  that  I  should  not  destroy  it: 

But  I  found  none  ! 
2^  Therefore  have  I  poured  out  mine  indignation  upon  them  ; 

I  have  consumed  them  with  the  fire  of  my  wrath : 

Their  own   way  have  I  recompensed  upon  their  heads,  saith  the 
Lord  God. 
^  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  again  unto  me,  say-   Ezekiel  xxiii. 


a  Je.  3.  7,  8,  10. 


t  That  is,  HU 

tenl,  or,  taberna- 

cU. 
i  That  is,  My 

tahernacle  in  her, 

1  Ki.  8.  29. 
u2Ki.  15.  19   & 

16.  7.  &.  17.  3. 

Ho.  8.  9. 
*  Heb.  bestowed 

her  whoredoms 

upon  them. 
f  Heb.  the  choice 

of  the  ehildren 

of  .isshur. 


2  Son  of  man  !  there  were  'two  women, 

The  daughters  of  one  mother. 
^  And  'they  committed  whoredoms  in  Egypt ; 

They  committed  whoredoms  in  their  youth  ; 

There  were  their  breasts  pressed, 

And  there  they  bruised  the  teats  of  their  virginity. 
^  And  the  names  of  them  were  Aholah   the  elder,  and  Aholibah  her 
sister : 

And  they  were  mine,  and  they  bare  sons  and  daughters. 

Thus  were  their  names ;  Samaria  is  f  Aholah,  and  Jerusalem  t  Aholibah. 
^  And  Aholah  played  the  harlot  when  she  was  mine ; 

And  she  doted  on  her  lovers,  (on  "the  Assyrians  her  neighbours,) 
^  Which  were  clothed  with  blue,  captains  and  rulers, 

All  of  them  desirable  young  men,  horsemen  riding  upon  horses. 
''  Thus  she  ^committed  her  whoredoms  with  them, 

With  all  them  that  were  tthe  chosen  men  of  Assyria, 

And  with  all  on  whom  she  doted  : 

With  all  their  idols  she  defiled  herself. 
^  Neither  left  she  her  whoredoms  brought  from  Egypt : 

For  in  her  youth  they  lay  with  her. 


Part  II.]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.        98f 

And  they  bruised  the  breasts  of  her  virginity, 
And  poured  their  whoredom  upon  her. 

9  Wherefore  I  have  deUvered  her  into  the  hand  of  her  lovers, 
v2Ki.  17.3-6,         i,^to  the  hand  of  the  "Assyrians,  upon  whom  she  doted. 
23.  &  18. 9-11.     10  These  discovered  her  nakedness  : 

They  took  her  sons  and  her  daughters, and  slew  her  with  the  sword: 
t  Heb.aname.  ^^^  ghe  became  tfamous  among  women  ; 

For  they  had  executed  judgment  upon  her. 
« je.  3. 8.  11  And  "when  her  sister  Aholibah  saw  this, 

*Heb.  She  cor-         *she  was  morc  corrupt  in  her  inordinate  love  than  she, 
S'zor.r«        And  in  her  whoredoms  tmore  than  her  sister  in  her  whoredoms. 
tto,4c.Je.3.    12  gj^^  ^^^g^  yp^j^  .^j^g  Assyrians  her  neighbours, 
t  Heb.  more  than       Captaius  and  rulcrs  clothed  most  gorgeously, 

the  whoredoms  ^^   '  .  ,.  I „ 

of  h^  sister.  Horsemen  riding  upon  horses, 

^ichllfii^^.       All  of  them  desirable  young  men. 

13  Then  1  saw  that  she  was  defiled, 
That  they  took  both  one  way, 

14  And  that  she  increased  her  whoreaoms : 

For  when  she  saw  men  portrayed  upon  the  wall, 

The  images  of  the  Chaldeans  portrayed  with  vermihon, 

15  Girded  with  girdles  upon  their  loins. 
Exceeding  in  dyed  attire  upon  their  heads, 

All  of  them  princes  to  look  to,  .  ^,    , ,       ..     i     j  ^e  tu^^r- 

(After  the  manner  of  the  Babylonians  ol  Chaldea,the  land  of  their 

nativity ;)  ,     j      j  tkom 

t  Heb.  at  the       16  And  tas  soou  as  she  saw  them  with  her  eyes,  she  doted  upon  them, 

altf^'h^'"-       And  sent  messengers  unto  them  in  Chaldea. 
•  Heb.  children     17  And  the  *Babylonians  came  to  her  into  the  bed  ot  love, 

''^^"*''-  And  they  defiled  her  with  their  whoredom, 

t  Heb.  loosed,  or,       And  shc  was  poUutcd  with  them— and  her  mind  was  talienated  trom 

disjointed.  . 

So  she  discovered  her  whoredoms,  and  discovered  her  nakedness: 

Then  ^my  mind  was  alienated  from  her. 

Like  as  my  mind  was  alienated  from  her  sister. 

Yet  she  multiplied  her  whoredoms, 

In  calling  to  remembrance  the  days  of  her  youth. 

Wherein  she  had  played  the  harlot  in  the  land  of  Egypt. 

20  For  she  doted  upon  their  paramours, 
Whose  flesh  is  as  the  flesh  of  asses, 
And  whose  issue  is  like  the  issue  ot  Iwrses. 

21  Thus  thou  calledst  to  remembrance  the  lewdness  of  thy  youth, 
In  bruising  thy  teats  by  the  Egyptians 
For  the  paps  of  thy  youth.  j  r  ^  . 

2-^  Therefore,  O  Aholibah,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  , 
Behold,  I  will  raise  up  thy  lovers  against  thee, 
From  whom  thy  mind  is  alienated. 
And  I  will  bring  them  against  thee  on  every  side ; 
23  (The  Babylonians,  and  all  the  Chaldeans, 

Pekod,  and  Shoa,  and  Koa,  and  all  the  Assyrians  with  them- 

AU  of  them  desirable  young  men, 

Captains  and  rulers,  great  lords  and  renowned, 

.  Z:'^lSt:^Z^^  with  chancs.  wagons,  and  wheels, 
^ierlTsra-ar  atue.  and  sh.eM  and  hCn.;  .u^nd 
And  I  will  set  judgment  before  them,  ^ 

And  they  shall"  judge  thee  according  to  their  judgments^  ^  ^ 


/  Je.  6. 


18 


19 


990 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  TO  THE  ELDERS  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 


J  Heb.  instru- 
ments uf  Uiy 
decking. 


1  1  Ki.  14.  9.  Ne. 
9.26. 


Or,  plead  for. 


t  Heb.  coming. 


X  Heb.  anhonor- 

ahle.  Est.  1.  (>. 

Is.  57.  7.  .^m. 

2.  8.  &  6.  4. 
b  Pr.  7.  17.  Ho.  2. 

8. 


^^  And  I  will  set  my  jealousy  against  thee, 

And  they  shall  deal  furiously  with  thee  : 

They  shall  take  away  thy  nose  and  thine  ears ; 

And  thy  remnant  shall  fall  by  the  sword  : 

They  shall  take  thy  sons  and  thy  daughters  ; 

And  thy  residue  shall  be  devoured  by  the  fire. 
^^  They  shall  also  strip  thee  out  of  thy  clothes, 

And  take  away  thy  t  fair  jewels. 
2'  Thus  will  I  make  thy  lewdness  to  cease  from  thee, 

And  thy  whoredom  brought  from  the  land  of  Egypt: 

So  that  thou  shalt  not  lift  up  thine  eyes  unto  them, 

Nor  remember  Egypt  any  more. 
^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Behold,  I  will  deliver  thee  into  the  hand  of  them  whom  thou  hatest, 

Into  the  hand  of  them  from  whom  thy  mind  is  alienated  : 
2^  And  they  shall  deal  with  thee  hatefully. 

And  shall  take  away  all  thy  labor. 

And  shall  leave  thee  naked  and  bare  ; 

And  the  nakedness  of  thy  whoredoms  shall  be  discovered, 

Both  thy  lewdness  and  thy  whoredoms. 
^^  I  will  do  these  things  unto  thee, 

Because  thou  hast  gone  a  whoring  after  the  heathen, 

And  because  thou  art  polluted  with  their  idols. 
^^  Thou  hast  walked  in  the  way  of  thy  sister  ; 

Therefore  will  I  give  her  cup  into  thy  hand. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Thou  shalt  drink  of  thy  sister's  cup  deep  and  large  : 

Thou  shalt  be  laughed  to  scorn  and  had  in  derision — it  containeth 
^^  Thou  shalt  be  filled  with  drunkenness  and  sorrow,  [much. 

With  the  cup  of  astonishment  and  desolation, 

With  the  cup  of  thy  sister  Samaria. 
^■^  Thou  shalt  even  drink  it  and  suck  it  out. 

And  thou  shalt  break  the  sherds  thereof, 

And  pluck  off  thine  own  breasts  ; 

For  I  have  spoken  it,  saith  tlie  Lord  God. 
^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Because  thou  hast  forgotten  me,  and  "cast  me  behind  thy  back, 

Therefore  bear  thou  also  thy  lewdness  and  thy  whoredoms. 
^^  The  Lord  said  moreover  unto  me  ; 

Son  of  man  !  wilt  thou  *judge  Aholah  and  Aholibah  ? 

Yea,  declare  unto  them  tlieir  abominations  ; 
^'  That  they  have  committed  adultery,  and  blood  is  in  their  hands, 

And  with  their  idols  have  they  committed  adultery. 

And  have  also  caused  their  sons,  whom  they  bare  unto  me, 

To  pass  for  them  through  the  fire,  to  devour  them. 
^^  Moreover  this  they  have  done  unto  me  : 

They  have  defiled  my  sanctuary  in  the  same  day. 

And  have  profaned  my  Sabbaths. 
^^  For  when  they  had  slain  their  cliildren  to  their  idols, 

Tlien  they  came  the  same  day  into  my  sanctuary  to  profane  it ; 

And,  lo,  "thus  have  they  done  in  the  midst  of  my  house. 
""^  And  furthermore,  that  ye  have  sent  for  men  tto  come  from  far, 

Unto  whom  a  messenger  was  sent ;  and,  lo !  they  came  : 

For  whom  thou  didst  wash  thyself, 

Paintedst  thine  eyes,  and  deckedst  thyself  with  ornaments, 
''^  And  satest  upon  ta  stately  bed,  and  a  table  })repared  before  it, 

Whereupon  Hhou  hast  set  mine  incense  and  mine  oil. 


Part  II.]  EZEKIEL  FORETELLS  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM.      991 

''-  And  a  voice  of  a  multitude  being  at  ease  was  with  her ; 
♦  Heb  ofi.hr  ^^  ^yjtl^  ^\^Q  n^gn  *of  the  common  sort. 

multitude  nj  vicn.  .. 

^  Or,  drunkard,.        Wcrc  brought  tSabcans  from  the  wilderness, 
Which  put  bracelets  upon  their  hands, 
And  beautiful  crowns  upon  their  heads. 

^^  Then  said  I  unto  her  that  was  old  in  adulteries, 
t  Heb.  her  whore-       'W[\\  thev  uow  comuiit  twhorcdoms  with  her,  and  she  with  them  ? 
^^  Yet  they  went  m  unto  her, 

As  they  go  in  unto  a  woman  that  playeth  the  harlot : 
So  went  they  in  unto  Aholah  and  unto  Aholibah,  the  lewd  women. 
^^  And  the  righteous  men — they  shall  judge  them  after  the  manner  of 
adulteresses, 
And  after  the  manner  of  women  that  shed  blood ; 
Because  they  are  adulteresses,  and  blood  is  in  their  hands. 

'^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
I  will  bring  up  a  company  upon  them, 
*«!^««i«^T«y'         And  will  give  them  *to  be  removed  and  spoiled. 
.-poll."  47  ^,^(j  ti^g  company  shall  stone  them  with  stones, 
^Ou  single  them        ^j^j  fdcspatch  them  with  their  swords; 
c2Ch.36.i7,i9.       They  'shall  slay  their  sons  and  their  daughters, 
And  burn  up  their  houses  with  fire. 
^^  Thus  will  I  cause  lewdness  to  cease  out  of  the  land, 
dDe.  13. 11.  That  ''all  women  may  be  taught  not  to  do  after  your  lewdness. 
■^^  And  they  shall  recompense  your  lewdness  upon  you. 
And  ye  shall  bear  the  sins  of  your  idols  ; 
And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  God. 

SECT.  VII.  Section  YIl.— Prophecy  of  the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem,  delivered  by 
Ezekiel  at  the  Commencement  of  the  Siege. 

A.  M.  3413.  Ezekiel  xxiv.(3i) 

B.  C.  591.         ^^^^  ^^^  parable  of  a  boiling  pot,  6  is  showed  the  irrevocable  destruction  of  Jerusalem.     15  By  the 

^gn  of  Ezekiel  not  mourning  for  the  death  of  his  wife,  19  is  shmoed  the  calamity  of  the  Jews  to 

be  beyond  all  sorrmv. 

1  Again  in  the  ninth  year,  in  the  tenth  month,  in  the  tenth  day  of 

the   month,  the  word  of  the   Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  ^  Son  of 

man  !  write  thee  the  name  of  the  day,  even  of  this  same  day :  the 

a  2  Ki.  25.1.  Je.  j^^^g  of  Babylou  set  himself  against  Jerusalem  "this  same  day.    ^  And 

39.1.&52.4.     y^^^^  j^  pj^,.^l^|g  y^t^j  ti^g  rebellious  house,  and  say  unto  them,  Thus 

saith  the  Lord  God  ; — 

Set  on  a  pot,  set  it  on,  and  also  pour  water  into  it : 
4  Gather  the  pieces  thereof  into  it. 
Even  every  good  piece,  the  thigh,  and  the  shoulder  ; 
Fill  it  with  the  choice  bones. 
*  Or,  heap.  5  ^akc  thc  choicc  of  the  flock,  and  *burn  also  the  bones  under  it. 

And  make  it  boil  well,  and  let  them  seethe  the  bones  of  it  therein. 

^  Wherefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Woe  to  the  bloody  city, 

To  the  pot  whose  scum  is  therein,  and  whose  scum  is  not  gone  out 
6  See  a  Pa.  8.2.        Bring  it  out  piece  by  piece  ;  let  no  ''lot  fall  upon  it.  [of  it ! 

Nail.'^i^io!'''"'    "!  For  her  blood  is  in  the  midst  of  her  ; 

She  set  it  upon  the  top  of  a  rock  ; 
'i2"i6  m"'  °"'        She  ""poured  it  not  upon  the  ground,  to  cover  it  with  dust ; 


(31)  The  date  of  this  prophecy  (ver.  1.)  shows  that  his  wife,  the  desire  of  his  eyes,  and  is  commanded 

it  was  written  on  the  banks  of  the  Euphrates  on  not  to  mourn  for  her.     Thus  Ezekiel  becomes  a 

the  very  same  day  in  which  Nebuchadnezzar  laid  sign  unto   the  Jews   at   Babylon,  ver    24  ;  thereby 

sie.re  to  Jerusalem.     On  that  day  the  prophet,  by  foreshowing  them  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  and 

a  slno-ular  yet  appropriate  fi<rure  of  a  boilincr  pot,  their  temple,  which  was  the  desire  of  their  eyes,  and 

showsto  the  Jews   the  totaf  destruction   of  their  signifying  that  their  afflictions  and  sorrows  would 

city  and  brethren.     To  represent  the  greatness  of  exceed  all  expression, 
their  calamity,  the  prophet  is  suddenly  bereaved  of 


992      EZEKTEL  FORETELLS  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM.     [Period  VIL 

^  That  it  might  cause  fury  to  come  up  to  take  vengeance  ; 
d  Mat.  7. 2.  J  -^have  set  her  blood  upon  the  top  of  a  rock, 

That  it  should  not  be  covered. 

^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
'ill'.  ^' '"  ""''■       ^yoe  'to  the  bloody  city  !  I  will  even  make  the  pile  for  fire  great. 
^^  Heap  on  wood,  kindle  the  fire, 

Consume  the  flesh,  and  spice  it  well,  and  let  the  bones  be  burned. 
'^  Then  set  it  empty  upon  the  coals  thereof, 

That  the  brass  of  it  may  be  hot,  and  may  burn, 
And  that  the  filthiness  of  it  may  be  molten  in  it, 
That  the  scum  of  it  may  be  consumed. 
^2  She  hath  wearied  herself  with  lies. 

And  her  great  scum  went  not  forth  out  of  her : 
Her  scum  shall  be  in  the  fire. 
^^  In  thy  filthiness  is  lewdness. 

Because  I  have  purged  thee,  and  thou  wast  not  purged, 
Thou  shalt  not  be  purged  from  thy  filthiness  any  more, 
Till  I  have  caused  my  fury  to  rest  upon  thee. 
^■^  I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it : 

It  shall  come  to  pass,  and  I  will  do  it  ; 

I  will  not  go  back,  neither  will  I  spare,  neither  will  I  repent ; 
According  to  thy  ways,  and  according  to  thy  doings,  shall  they  judge 
thee,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
^^  Also  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, 
^^  Son  of  man  !  behold,  I  take  away  from  thee 
The  desire  of  thine  eyes  with  a  stroke  ; 
Yet  neither  shalt  thou  mourn  nor  weep, 
tHeb.,^0.  Neither  shall  thy  tears  trun  down. 

X  Heb.  Be  silent.    17  jForbcar  to  Cry,  make  no  mourning  for  the  dead, 
■^l^aih^o/"'  ^'         ^in(i  -^the  tire  of  thy  head  upon  thee,  and  ^put  on  thy  shoes  upon 
g-asa.  15.30.  thy  feet, 

*ildl'o7/r"'22^'       ^"d  cover  not  thy  *lips,  and  eat  not  the  bread  of  men. 
Le.  13. 45.  18  Qq  J  spake  unto  the  people  in  the  morning :  and  at  even  my 

wife  died  ;  and  I  did  in  the  morning  as  I  was  commanded.  ^^  And  the 
people  said  unto  me,  "  Wilt  thou  not  tell  us  what  these  things  are  to 
us,  that  thou  doest  so  ?  "  ^'^  Then  I  answered  them,  "  The  word  of  the 
Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,^^  Speak  unto  the  house  of  Israel,  Thus 
saith  the  Lord  God  ; — 

Behold,  I  will  profane  my  sanctuary, 
The  excellency  of  your  strength, 
The  desire  of  your  eves, 
^^ou'^'soul'''"-"'^       And  tthat  which  your  soul  pitieth  ; 

And  your  sons  and  your  daughters  whom  ye  have  left  shall  fall  by 

22  And  ye  shall  do  as  I  have  done  :  [the  sword. 
Ye  shall  not  cover  your  lips,  nor  eat  the  bread  of  men. 

23  And  your  tires  shall  be  upon  your  heads,  and  your  shoes  upon  your 
Ye  shall  not  mourn  nor  weep  ;  [feet : 

ALc.  26. 39.  j^yj.  hy^  gj.|j^|j  pji^g  away  for  your  iniquities. 

And  mourn  one  toward  another, 
'a.'&'ia^^ri.^'   ^^  Thus  'Ezekiel  is  unto  you  a  sign  : 

According  to  all  that  he  hath  done  shall  ye  do  ; 
■'joiin^ixtg.  &         "^"^^  ^vvhen  this  cometh,  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  God. 
!•»•  29-  25  u  Also,  thou  SOU  of  man,  shall  it  not  be 

In  the  day  when  I  take  from  them  their  strength, 

(The  joy  of  their  glory,  the  desire  of  their  eyes, 
tHeh. theiiftin^       And  jtliat  wliereiipon  they  set  their  minds, 

up  of  Oieir  iual.  ,„,      .  ,      ,      •        ,  ,  n 

Iheir  sons  and  their  daughters,) 


Part  II.] 


A.  M.   3415. 
B.  C.  589. 


EZEKIEL'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  EGYPT.  993 

^^  That  he  that  escapeth  in  that  day  shall  come  unto  thee, 

To  cause  thee  to  hear  it  with  thine  ears  ? 
^''  In  that  day  shall  thy  mouth  be  opened  to  him  which  is  escaped, 

And  thou  shalt  speak,  and  be  no  more  dumb ; 

And  thou  shalt  be  a  sign  unto  them  ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord." 

Section  VIII. — Ezekid  prophesies    the    Judgment    of    Pharaoh   for   his 

Treacher}/  to  Israel,  and  the  Desolation  of  Egypt. 

EzEKiEL  xxix.  1-16.(32) 

1  In  the  tenth  year,  in  the  tenth  month,  in  the  twelfth  day  of  the 
month,  the  word  of  the  Lokd  came  unto  me,  saying,  -  Son  of  man ! 


(32)  This  chapter  is  inserted  after  the  24th,  on 
the  authority  of  the  date  mentioned  in  ver.  1.  The 
prophecy  contained  in  it  was  spoken  before  the  cap- 
ture of  Jerusalem  ;  whereas  those  contained  in  tlie 
23th  and  following  chapters,  were  delivered  after 
that  event.  The  probable  reason  of  its  receiving 
the  place  it  now  holds  in  our  Bibles  is,  that  the 
prophecies  against  Egypt  might  be  all  read  together. 
There  is  reason  to  suppose,  that  this  prophecy  was 
delivered  immediately  after  Pharaoh's  retreat  from 
before  Nebuchadnezzar.  On  this  very  occasion, 
Jeremiah  uttered,  at  Jerusalem,  similar  predictions 
to  those  of  Ezekiel,  at  Babylon.  Both  prophets,  at 
the  same  time,  in  two  distant  countries,  predicted 
the  same  events.  The  circumstances  thus  proph- 
esied by  them,  respecting  Egypt,  were  of  the  most 
improbable  kind.  Pharaoh  Hophra,  the  Apries  of 
Herodotus,  boasted  that  his  kingdom  was  so  firmly 
established,  that  nothing  could  overthrow  it.  The 
greatness  and  magnificence  of  Egypt  have  been 
celebrated  from  the  most  remote  antiquity  :  the 
splendid  monuments  still  remaining,  and  the  ad- 
ditional discoveries  which  are  frequently  made  by 
the  enterprising  travellers  of  our  own  days,  are  ex- 
isting records  of  its  former  wealth  and  power.  Its 
situation  is  favorable  to  commerce,  it  possesses  every 
natural  advantage  ;  yet,  wonderful  to  relate,  after 
predicting  the  more  immediate  distresses  which 
should  fall  upon  Egypt,  the  prophet  predicts,  that 
it  shall  become  an  utter  and  complete  desolation, 
(Ez.'k.  xxix.  14,  15.)  "  Egypt  shall  be  the  basest 
of  Uie  kingdoms,  neither  shall  it  exalt  itself  any 
more  above  the  nations ;  for  I  will  diminish  them, 
that  they  shall  no  more  rule  over  the  nations." 
And  in  the  next  chapter,  ver.  12,  13,  "  I  will  make 
the  land  waste,  and  all  that  is  therein;  and  there 
shall  no  more  be  a  prince  of  the  land  of  Egypt." 
Such  general  prophecies.  Bishop  Newton  justly 
observes,  like  general  rules,  are  not  to  be  understood 
so  strictly  and  absolutely,  as  if  they  could  not  possi- 
bly admit  of  any  kind  of  limitation  or  exception 
whatever.  It  is  sufficient  if  they  hold  good  for  the 
most  part,  and  are  confirmed  by  the  experience  of 
many  ages,  though  perhaps  not  without  the  excep- 
tion of  a  few  years.  The  Bishop  then  proceeds  to 
show  in  what  manner  the  prophecy  was  fulfilled, 
by  the  various  conquests  of  Egypt,  till  it  was  re- 
duced to  its  present  degraded  condition. 

There  are  many  who  consider  every  attempt  to 
discover  the  actual  fulfilment  of  prophecy  in  the 
events  of  our  own  day,  as  a  proof  of  an  utter  de- 
ficiency in  that  sobriety  of  judgment,  which  ought 
ever  to  characterize  a  commentator  on  Scripture. 
Certain  it  is,  the  utmost  caution  should  be  observed 
in  every  attempt  to  trace  the  mighty  plan  of  that 
Providence  which  governs  the  world  :  yet  I  cannot 
but  think  that  it  will  appear  evident  to  all,  (when 
the  idea  is  suggested  to  them,)  that  we  have  seen 
in  our  own  day  a  wonderful  instance  of  the  accom- 
plishment of  this  prophecy  of  Ezekiel.  Egypt  has 
now  been,  for  many  hundred  years,  the  meane.st 
and  basest  of  kintrdoms  :  and  among  the  kings  and 
princes  of  the  earth,  none  have  been  found   power- 

voL.   I.  1  25 


ful  enough  to  raise  it  from  its  state  of  degradation. 
Within  the  memory  of  the  present  generation,  a 
project  has  been  attempted,  which,  if  crowned  with 
success,  might  again  have  exalted  Egypt  among 
the  nations.lind  alforded  to  infidelity  an  argument 
against  the  prophecies  of  Scripture.  Twenty  years 
have  now  elapsed  since  Napoleon,  who  at  that  time 
knew  not  what  it  was  to  be  defeated,  led  a  power- 
ful army  into  Egypt.  The  experience  of  history  has 
sufficiently  proved,  that  when  a  large  military  force 
has  gained  possession  of  a  country,  it  frequently 
raises  that  nation  to  an  equality  with  those  sur- 
rounding it ;  and  it  was  ever  the  policy  of  France, 
during  the  revolutionary  war,  to  embody  among  its 
own  armies  the  inhabitants  of  the  conquered  coun- 
tries. Had  this  attack  upon  Egypt  succeeded,  its 
people  might  have  been  made  a  military  body  :  they 
■would  have  had  a  chief,  active,  powerful,  and  en- 
terprising, to  govern  them  :  their  ancient  character, 
contrary  to  the  prophecies  of  God,  might  have  been 
raised ;  and  their  renovated  energies,  under  such  a 
ruler,  directed  against  the  peace  and  happiness  of 
Europe,  or  of  India.  But  what  was  the  event  ?  For 
a  long  time,  every  bold  effort  had  succeeded  :  the 
whole  extent  of  Egypt,  and  the  territories  immedi- 
ately adjacent  to  it,  might  be  considered  as  con- 
quered till  the  progress  of  the  French  army,  hitherto 
invincible,  was  suddenly  and  wonderfully  checked 
by  a  small  and  weak  fortress,  protected  by  the  sword 
of  Britain.  The  triumph  of  the  resistless  army  of 
France  was  ended.  The  ferocious  legions  in  vain 
dashed  themselves,  as  the  waves  of  the  ocean,  on 
the  small  yet  immovable  rock.  The  broken  rem- 
nant of  the  dispirited  and  discomfited  army  was 
abandoned  by  their  leader  ;  and  the  land  of  Egypt 
is  still  "  the  basest  of  kingdoms."  The  Scripture 
is  fulfilled. 

In  all  these  things  the  man  of  the  world  discovers 
only  the  usual  course  of  things,  and  smiles  with 
derision  at  the  discoverer  of  the  accomplishment 
of  prophecy,  in  the  events  of  history.  Yet  every 
prophecy  has  been  accomplished  by  a  train  of 
events,  that  appear  to  be  the  natural  and  unavoidable 
result  of  a  connected  series  of  consequences.  The 
circumstances  that  occasioned  this  defeat  in  Egypt 
were  so  peculiar  and  extraordinary,  that  when  their 
result  is  compared  with  this  prophecy  of  Ezekiel, 
tlie  Christian  is  compelled  to  look  higher  than  to 
any  human  power.  He  cannot  but  see  "  God  in 
the  whirlwind  ;  God  directing  the  storm."  Amidst 
all  the  changes  of  empires,  the  revolutions  of  states, 
the  rise  and  fall  of  dynasties;  amidst  all  the  revolu- 
tions of  this  world,  the  Christian  sees  a  controlling 
Providence  guiding  the  violence  and  ambition  of 
Tuen  to  the  accomplishment  of  his  own  purposes. 
It  is  possible  that  this  country  may  the  great  mari- 
time people,  that  shall  be  elected  to  further  the  de- 
signs of  this  mighty  Providence  ;  and  we  may  justly 
hoi)e,  that  we  are  destined  to  fulfil  many  of  the  re- 
maining prophecies  of  God  ;  so  long  as  this  splen- 
did destiny  is  allotted  to  us,  we  must  continue, 
under  the  protection  of  this  God.  great  and  power- 
ful.    Prophecy,  whether  wo  observe  it  or  not,  is 


&25.  33. 
<JJe.  7.  33.  & 


994  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  EGYPT.      [Pi:kiod  Vlf 

set  thy  face  against  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt,  and  prophesy  against  him, 
''i9'"&^46  2^2?'  ^"^  "against  all  Egypt.  ^  Speak,  and  say,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; — 
4je.  44. 30.'  Behold,  'I  am  against  thee,  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt, 

The  great  dragon  that  lieth  in  the  midst  of  his  rivers. 
Which  hath  said,  '■  My  river  is  mine  own,  and  I  have  made  it  for 
^  But  I  will  put  hooks  in  thy  jaws,  [myself." 

And  I  will  cause  the  fish  of  thy  rivers  to  stick  unto  thy  scales, 
And  I  will  bring  thee  up  out  of  the  midst  of  thy  rivers, 
And  all  the  fish  of  thy  rivers  shall  stick  unto  thy  scales. 
^  And  I  will  leave  thee  thrown  into  the  wilderness,. 
Thee  and  all  the  fish  of  thy  rivers : 

eJe.  8. 2.  &16.         Thou  ^slialt  not  be  brought  together,  nor  gathered  : 
I  ''have  given  thee  for  meat  to  the  beasts  of  the  field 
And  to  the  fowls  of  the  heaven. 
^  And  all  the  inhabitants  of  Egypt  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 
*36^'^^'^^'  ^''       Because  they  have  been  'a  staff'  of  reed  to  the  house  of  Israel, 
/je.  37. 5, 7, 11.     '^  When  -^they  took  hold  of  thee  by  thy  hand. 

Thou  didst  break,  and  rend  all  their  shoulder ; 
And  when  they  leaned  upon  thee, 

Thou  brakest,  and  madest  all  their  loins  to  be  at  a  stand. 
^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Behold,  I  will  bring  a  sword  upon  thee, 
And  cut  oflf  man  and  beast  out  of  thee. 
^  And  the  land  of  Egypt  shall  be  desolate  and  waste  ; 
And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  : 

Because  he  hath  said,  "  The  river  is  mine,  and  I  have  made  it." 
^°  Behold,  therefore  I  am  against  thee,  and  against  thy  rivers, 
fEz.  30. 12.  ^^^  fj  ^'u  fiiake  the  land  of  Egypt  tutterly  waste  and  desolate, 

icfl!«c.""" ^ "         IFrom  the  tower  of  *Syene  even  unto  the  border  of  Ethiopia. 
^dZ''Jsy^e'^ffx.  ^^  No  foot  of  man  shall  pass  through  it, 
14. 2.  Je.  44. 1.        Nor  foot  of  bcast  shall  pass  through  it, 
•  Heb.  seveneh.         Neither  shall  it  be  inhabited  forty  years. 

^2  And  I  will  make  the  land  of  Egypt  desolate 
In  the  midst  of  the  countries  that  are  desolate. 
And  her  cities  among  the  cities  that  are  laid  waste  shall  be  desolate 

forty  years : 
And  I  will  scatter  the  Egyptians  among  the  nations. 
And  will  disperse  them  through  the  countries. 
^^  Yet  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
*^fg'-j^9- 23- Je-         At  the  ''end  of  forty  years  will  I  gather  the  Egyptians 
From  the  people  whither  they  were  scattered  ; 
^'^  And  I  will  bring  again  the  captivity  of  Egypt, 

And  will  cause  them  to  return  into  the  land  of  Pathros, 
tOr,  JirtA.  Into  thc  land  of  their  thabitation  ; 

jHeb.w.  ^p(|  thgy  g|,a]i  bg  there  a  tbase  kingdom. 

^^  It  shall  be  the  basest  of  the  kingdoms  ; 

Neither  shall  it  e.xalt  itself  any  more  above  the  nations  : 
For  I  will  diminish  them,  that  they  shall  no  more  rule  over  the  nations. 
•^;4%^'^-*'     ^^  And  it  shall  be  no  more  "the  confidence  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
Which  brinseth  their  iniquity  to  remembrance. 
When  they  shall  look  after  them  ; 
But  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  God.' 

still  accomplishing.    The  declarations  and  promises  experience    confirm   the    truth  of  the  declaration, 

of  Scripture  are  ever  fulfilling;  for  the  same  Al-  '•  Heaven  and  earth  shall  pass  away,  but  my  words 

mighty  Being,  who  is  too  great  to  be  resisted,  and  shall  not  pass  away." 
too"  wise  to  °err,  has  said,  and  botli  history   and 


Part  I  I.J 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  ASSYRIA  AND  EGYPT. 


995 


A.  M.   341(;. 
B.  C.  588. 


a  [s.  xix.  Je.  SJ5. 

19,  &c.  &.  46.  2, 

35. 
*  Je.  44.  30. 


c  Da.  4.  10. 
*  Heb. /air  of 
branches. 


■f  Or,  nourished. 
X  Or,  brought  him 
up. 
*  Or,  conduits. 


t  Or,  when  it  sent 
them  forth. 
e  Da.  4.  12. 


Section   IX. — Ezekiel  prophesies  the  Destruction  of  Assyria  and  Egypt. 

EzEKiEL  XXX.  20,  to  the  end,  and  xxxi.<33) 

The  ai-m  of  Babylon  shall  be  strengthened  to  break  the  arm  of  Egypt.  —  Chap.  xxxi.  1  A  relation 
unto  Phoiaoh  3of  the  glory  of  Assyria,  10  and  the  fall  thereof  for  pride.  18  The  like  destruc- 
tion of  Eo-ypt. 

^''And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  eleventh  year,  in  the  first  month,  in 
the  seventh  day  of  the  month,  that  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto 
me,  saying, — 

^^  Son  of  man,  I  have  "broken  the  arm  of  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt ; 

And,  lo  !   'it  shall  not  be  bound  up  to  be  healed, 

To  put  a  roller  to  bind  it,  to  make  it  strong  to  hold  the  sword. 
^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

Behold,  I  am  against  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt, 

And  will  break  his  arms,  the  strong,  and  that  which  was  broken ; 

And  I  will  cause  the  sword  to  fall  out  of  his  hand. 
^'  And  I  will  scatter  the  Egyptians  among  the  nations, 

And  will  disperse  them  through  the  countries. 
^  And  I  will  strengthen  the  arms  of  the  king  of  Babylon, 

And  put  my  sword  in  his  hand  ; 

But  I  will  break  Pharaoh's  arms, 

And  he  shall   groan  before  him  with  the  groanings  of  a  deadly 
wounded  man. 
^^  But  I  will  strengthen  the  arms  of  the  king  of  Babylon, 

And  the  arms  of  Pharaoh  shall  fall  down ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

When  I  shall  put  my  sword  into  the  hand  of  the  king  of  Babylon, 

And  he  shall  stretch  it  out  upon  the  land  of  Egypt. 
^^  And  I  will  scatter  the  Egyptians  among  the  nations, 

And  disperse  them  among  the  countries  ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

'  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  eleventh  year,  in  the  Ezekiel  xxxi. 
third  month,  in  the  first  day  of  the  month,  that  the  word 
of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  -  Son  of  man,  speak  unto  Pha- 
raoh king  of  Egypt,  and  to  his  multitude  ; — 

Whom  art  thou  like  in  thy  greatness  ? 
^  Behold,  "^the  Assyrian  was  a  cedar  in  Lebanon 

*With  fair  branches,  and  with  a  shadowing  shroud,  and  of  a  high 

And  his  top  was  among  the  thick  boughs.  [stature; 

"*  The  waters  tmade  him  great,  the  deep  tset  him  up  on  high 

With  her  rivers  running  round  about  his  plants, 

And  sent  out  her  *  little  rivers 

Unto  all  the  trees  of  the  field. 
5  Therefore  ''his  height  was  exalted 

Above  all  the  trees  of  the  field. 

And  his  boughs  were  multiplied,  and  his  branches  became  long 

Because  of  the  multitude  of  waters,  twhen  he  shot  forth. 
^  AH  the  'fowls  of  heaven  made  their  nests  in  his  boughs. 

And  under  his  branches  did  all  the  beasts  of  the  field  bring  forth 
their  young. 

And  under  his  shadow  dwelt  all  great  nations. 


Q^)  These  portions  of  Scripture  are  inserted  here 
on  the  authorities  of  the  dates  given  by  the  prophet 
himself,  chap.  xxx.  20.  and  xxxi.  1.  At  the  time 
whon  the  first  of  these  predictions  was  deHvered, 
Nebuchadnezzar,  having  obhged  the  king  of  Egypt 
to  retreat,  had  returned  lo  the  siege  of  Jerusalem  ; 
and  when  the  prophecy  contained  in  chapter  xxxi. 


was  uttered,  the  Jews  had  accelerated  their  ruin  by 
depending  upon  Egypt.  There  is  a  peculiar  propri- 
ety, therefore,  in  the  delivery  of  these  predictions 
at  this  period,  as  the  attention  both  of  the  Jews  and 
of  the  Chaldeans,  among  whom  Ezekiel  prophesied, 
must  have  been  forcibly  directed  to  Egypt. 


he  shall  do  unto 


996  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  ASSYRIA  AND  EGYPT.     [Period  VIL 

"^  Thus  was  he  fair  in  his  greatness,  in  the  length  of  his  branches ; 
For  his  root  was  by  great  waters. 
/Ge.  2. 8.  8  -pj^g  cedars  in  the  ^garden  of  God  could  not  hide  him  : 

The  fir  trees  were  not  like  his  boughs, 
And  the  chestnut  trees  were  not  like  his  branches ; 
Nor  any  tree  in  the  garden  of  God  was  like  unto  him  in  his  beauty. 
^  I  have  made  him  fair  by  the  multitude  of  his  branches  ; 
So  that  all  the  trees  of  Eden, 
That  were  in  the  garden  of  God,  envied  him. 

^^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
'  Because  thou  hast  lifted  up  thyself  in  height. 
And  he  hath  shot  up  his  top  among  the  thick  boughs, 
^Da. 5. 20.  And  "his  heart  is  lifted  up  in  his  height; 

^^  I  have  therefore  delivered  him  into  the  hand  of  the  mighty  one  of 
the  heathen  ;  [edness. 

XHeb.  In  doing         IHe  shall  surciy  deal  with  him  ;  I  have  driven  him  out  for  his  wick- 
^^  And  strangers  (the  terrible  of  the  nations)  have  cut  him  off,  and 
have  left  him : 
Upon  the  mountains  and  in  all  the  valleys  his  branches  are  fallen, 
And  his  boughs  are  broken  by  all  the  rivers  of  the  land  ; 
And  all  the  people  of  the  earth  are  gone  down  from  his  shadow, 
and  have  left  him. 
^^  Upon  ''his  ruin  shall  all  the  fowls  of  the  heaven  remain, 

And  all  the  beasts  of  the  field  shall  be  upon  his  branches : 
^■^  To  the  end  that  none  of  all  the  trees  bv  the  waters 
Exalt  themselves  for  their  height. 
Neither  shoot  up  their  top 
Among  the  thick  boughs, 
Or,  stand  upon        Neither  their  trees  *stand  up  in  their  height, 
All  that  drink  water  ; 
For  they  are  all  delivered  unto  death, 
To  the  nether  parts  of  the  earth, 
In  the  midst  of  the  children  of  men, 
With  them  that  go  down  to  the  pit. 

15  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
In  the  day  when  he  went  down  to  the  grave 
I  caused  a  mourning,  I  covered  the  deep  for  him, 
And  I  restrained  the  floods  thereof,  and  the  great  waters  were  stayed : 
]Heb.  to  be  black.       Aud  I  causcd  Lcbauou  tto  mourn  for  him. 

And  all  the  trees  of  the  field  fainted  for  him. 
iEz.26. 15.         1^  I  made  the  nations  'to  shake  at  the  sound  of  his  fall, 
ju.  14. 15.  When  ^I  cast  him  down  to  hell 

With  them  that  descend  into  the  pit : 
And  all  the  trees  of  Eden, 
The  choice  and  best  of  Lebanon, 
All  that  drink  water. 

Shall  be  comforted  in  the  nether  parts  of  the  earth. 
1'  They  also  went  down  into  hell  with  him 
Unto  them  that  be  slain  with  the  sword  ; 
And  they  that  were  his  arm,  that  dwelt  under  his  shadow 
In  the  midst  of  the  heathen. 

1®  To  whom  art  thou  thus  like  in  glory 
And  in  greatness  among  the  trees  of  Eden  ? 
Yet  shait  thou  be  brought  down  with  the  trees  of  Eden 
Unto  the  nether  parts  of  the  earth  : 
Thou  shalt  lie  in  the  midst  of  the  uncircumcised 
With  them  that  be  slain  by  the  sword. 

This  is  Pharaoh  and  all  his  multitude,  saith  the  Lord  God. 


themselves  for 
tiieir  height. 


A.  M.   3416. 


De.  -29. 


Part  III.]  GEDALIAH  APPOINTED  GOVERNOR  OF  JUDAEA.  997 

PART    III. 

HISTORY  OF  THAT  PORTION  OF  THE  JEWISH  NATION  WHO  WERE 
NOT  CARRIED  CAPTIVE  TO  BABYLON,  AFTER  THE  DESTRUCTION 
OF  THE  TEMPLE.(34) 
SECT.  I.  Section  I.—GedaliaJi  appointed  Governor  of  Judcea  hy  NchucJtadnezzar, 
after  the  Destruction  of  the  Temple  ;— Jeremiah  and  the  Remainder  of  the 
People  attach  themselves  to  Gedcdiah,  toho  is  assassinated  hy  Ishmael. 
^^-  2  Kings  xxv.  22.— Jeremiah  xl.  and  xli.  1-10.— 2  Kings  xxv.  23-26. 

22  AND  as  for  the  people  that  remained  in  the  land  of  Judah,  whom 
Nebuchadnezzar  king  of  Babylon  had  left,  even  over  them  he  made 
Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam,  the  son  of  Shaphan,  ruler.  ^ 
19.14.  1  The  word  which  came  to  Jeremiah   from  the  Lord,  "after    Jer.xI. 

that  Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  the  guard  had  let  him  go  from  Ramah, 
manacles,     when   he  had  taken  him  being  bound  in  *chains  among  all  that  were 
carried  away  captive   of  Jerusalem  and   Judah,   which   were  carried 
away  ca])tive  unto  Babylon. 

2  And  the  captain  of  the  guard  took  Jeremiah,  and  said  unto  him, 
"  The  Lord  thy  God  hath  pronounced  this  evil  upon  this  place.  ^  Now 
the  Lord  hath  brought  it,  and  done  according  as  he  hath  said  :  'because 
°"-  ^-  ''•  ve  have  sinned  against  the  Lord,  and  have  not  obeyed  his  voice,  there- 

fore this  thing  is  come  upon  you.  "*  And  now,  behold,  I  loose  thee  this 
t  Or,  are  upon  day  froiii  tiic  chalus  which  twere  upon  thy  hand.  If  it  seem  good  unto 
t'^j^'tiuset  thee  to  come  with  me  into  Babylon,  come,  and  II  will  look  well  unto 
mineeyeupon  ^^^^  .  y^^^^  ^f  [^  geem  ill  uuto  thcc  to  coiiic  With  1110  luto  Babyiou,  lor- 
''''■  bear.'  Behold,  all  the  land  is  before  thee  ;  whither  it  seemeth  good  and 

convenient  for  thee  to  go,  thither  go."  ^  Now  while  he  was  not  yet 
gone  back,  he  said,  "  Go  back  also  to  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  the 
son  of  Shaphan,  whom  the  king  of  Babylon  hath  made  governor  over 
the  cities  of  Judah,  and  dwell  with  him  among  the  people ;  or  go 
wheresoever  it  seemeth  convenient  unto  thee  to  go." 

So  the  captain  of  the  guard  gave  him  victuals  and  a  reward,  and  let 
him  go.  6  Then  went  Jeremiah  unto  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  to 
Mizpah,  and  dwelt  with  him  among  the  people  that  were  left  in  the 

land.  •      I,     ^  ij 

■7  Now  when  all  the  captains  of  the  forces  which  were  in  the  helds, 
(even  they  and  their  men.)  heard  that  the  king  of  Babylon  had  made 
Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  governor  in  the  land,  and  had  committed 
unto  him  men.  and  women,  and  children,  and  of  the  poor  of  the  land, 
of  them  that  were  not  carried  awav  captive  to  Babylon  ;  « then  they 
came  to  Gedaliah  to  Mizpah,  even  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah,  and 
Johanan  and  Jonathan  the  sons  of  Kareah,  and  Seraiah  the  son  of 
Tanhumeth,  and  the  sons  of  Ephai  the  Netophathite,  and  Jezaniah  the 
son  of  a  Maachathite,  they  and  their  men. 

9  And  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  the  son  of  Shaphan  sware  unto 

them  and  to  their  men,  saying,  "  Fear  not  to  serve  the  Chaldeans  ; 

dwell  in  the  land,  and  serve  the  king  of  Babylon,  and  it  shall  be  well 

*uey,.  to  stand     with  you.  '"  As  for  me,  behold,  I  will  dwell  at  Mizpah,  no  serve  the 

T'-  '"'-  '-     Chaldeans,  which  will  come  unto  us  ;  but  ye,  gather  ye  wine,   and 

r34^  The   sacred   narrative   after  the  capture  of     salem  is?  brought  down  to  the  burning  of  the  tern- 
nnon  cles  d"  Ezek  el   andTjeremiah,  the  series     by  Ezekiel,  are  likewise  brought  down  to  the  burn- 

be^^  atteVdId  with  much  difficult/    In  Part  I.  of     with  them  their  great  prophet  Jeremiah. 


this  Seventh  Period,  the   history  of  events  at  Jeru 
VOL.    I 


4f 


998  GEDALIAH  IS  ASSASSINATED  BY  ISHMAEL.     [Period  VII. 

summer  fruits,  and  oil,  and  put  them  in  your  vessels,  and  dwell  in  your 
cities  that  ye  have  taken." 

^^  Likewise  when  all  the  Jews  that  were  in  Moab,  and  among  the 
Ammonites,  and  in  Edom,  and  that  were  in  all  the  countries,  heard 
that  the  king  of  Babylon  had  left  a  remnant  of  Judah,  and  that  he  had 
set  over  them  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  the  son  of  Shapiian  ;  ^^even 
all  the  Jews  returned  out  of  all  places  whither  they  were  driven,  and 
came  to  the  land  of  Judah,  to  Gedaliah,  unto  Mizpah,  and  gathered 
wine  and  summer  fruits  very  much. 

'^  Moreover  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah,  and  all  the  captains  of  the 
forces  that  were  in  the  fields,  came  to  Gedaliah  to  Mizpah,  ^^and  said 
unto  him,  "  Dost  thou  certainly  know  that  Baalis  the  king  of  the  Am- 

\Zti,!"sfun'  monites  hath  sent  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah  tto  slay  thee  ?  "  But 
Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  believed  them  not.  '^Then  Johanan  the 
son  of  Kareah  spake  to  Gedaliah  in  Mizpah  secretly,  saying,  "  Let  me 
go,  I  pray  thee,  and  I  will  slay  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah,  and  no 
man  shall  know  it :  wherefore  should  he  slay  thee,  that  all  the  Jews 
which  are  gathered  unto  tiiee  should  be  scattered,  and  the  remnant  in 
Judah  perish  ?  "  I'^But  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  said  unto  Johanan 
the  son  of  Kareah,  "  Thou  shall  not  do  this  thing  ;  for  thou  speakest 
falsely  of  Ishmael." 

^  Now^  it  came  to  pass  in  the  seventh  month,  that  Ish-  Jeremiah  xli. 
mael  the  son   of  Nethaniah  the  son   of  Elishama,  of  the  l-lO- 

seed  royal,  and  the  princes  of  the  king,  even  ten  men  with  him,  came 
unto  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  to  Mizpah  ;  and  there  they  did  eat 
bread  together  in  Mizpah.  -  Then  arose  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah, 
and  the  ten  men  that  were  with  him,  and  smote  Gedaliah  the  son  of 
Ahikam  the  son  of  Shaphan  with  the  sword,  and  slew  him,  whom  the 
king  of  Babylon  had  made  governor  over  the  land.  ^  Ishmael  also  slew 
all  the  Jews  that  were  with  him,  even  with  Gedaliah,  at  Mizpah,  and 
the  Chaldeans  that  were  found  there,  and  the  men  of  war. 

■*  And  it  came  to  pass  the  second  day  after  he  had  slain  Gedaliah, 
and  no  man  knew  it,  ^  that  there  came  certain  from  Shechem,  from 
Shiloh,  and  from  Samaria,  even  fourscore  men,  'having  their  beards 
shaven,  and  their  clothes  rent,  and  having  cut  themselves,  with  offer- 
ings and  incense  in  their  hand,  to  bring  them  to  the  house  of  the  Lord. 
^  And  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah  went  forth  from  Mizpah  to  meet 

^ondwe^t"!--'^  ^'^^'"'  Sweeping  all  along  as  he  went ;  and  it  came  to  pass,  as  he  met 
them,  he  said  unto  them,  "  Come  to  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam." 
■^  And  it  was  so,  when  they  came  into  the  midst  of  the  city,  that  Ishmael 
the  son  of  Nethaniah  slew  them,  ''and  cast  them  into  the  midst  of  the 
pit,  he,  and  the  men  that  were  with  him.  ^But  ten  men  were  found 
among  them  that  said  unto  Ishmael,  "  Slay  us  not;  for  we  have  treas- 
ures in  the  field,  of  wheat,  and  of  barley,  and  of  oil,  and  of  honey." 
So  he  forbare,  and  slew  them  not  among  their  brethren. 

^  Now  the  pit  wherein  Ishmael  had  cast  all  the  dead  bodies  of  the 

*i?ak.T\oh"hfm  ^"^"'  whom  he  had  slain  "because  of  Gedaliah,  was  it  'which  Asa  the 

sidfnfoXuah    '^"^'^  '^'^'*  made  for  fear  of  Baasha  king  of  Israel  ;  and  Ishmael  the  son 

eiKi.  15.22.    '  of  Nethaniah  filled  it  with  them  that  were  slain. 

^^''■^''■'''  ^"Then  Ishmael  carried  away  captive  all  the  residue  of  the  people 

that  were  in  Mizpah,  even  the  king's  daughters,  and  all  the  people  that 
remained  in  Mizpah,  M'hom  Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  the  guard 
had  committed  to  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  ;  and  Ishmael  the  son 
of  Nethaniah  carried  them  away  captive,  and  departed  to  go  over  to 
the  Ammonites. 

2  Kings  xxv.  23-2(5.     "a  And  wlien  all  tlio  captains  of  the  armies,  they  and  their  men, 
heard  that  the  king  of  Babylon  hud  made  Gedaliah  srovernor,  there  came  to  Gedaliah  to 


c  Le.  19.  27, 
De.  14.  1.  I< 
2. 


dSo  1  Mac.  7.  19. 


t  Heb.  oftlie 
kingdom. 


Part  III.]  JOHANAN  RESCUES  THE  CAPTIVES  FROM  ISIIMAEL.       999 

Mizpah,  even  Ishmael  tlie  son  of  Nethaniah,  and  Johanan  the  son  of  Careah,  and  Seraiah 
the  son  of  Tanhumeth  the  Nctophathite,  and  Jaazaniali  the  son  of  a  Maachathite,  they 
and  their  men.  -^  And  Gedaliah  sware  to  thcni,  and  to  their  men,  and  said  unto  tliem, 
"  Fear  not  to  be  the  servants  of  the  Chaldees;  dwell  in  the  land,  and  serve  the  kintr  of 
Babylon,  and  it  shall  be  well  with  you."  ^'^  But  it  came  to  pass  in  the  seventh  month,  that 
Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah,  the  son  of  Elishama,  of  the  seed  troyal,  came,  and  ten  men 
with  him,  and  smote  Gedaliah,  that  he  died,  and  the  Jews  and  the  Chaldees  that  were 
with  him  at  Mizpah.  ^^  And  all  the  people,  both  small  and  great,  and  the  captains  of  the 
armies,  arose,  and  came  to  Egypt ;  for  they  were  afraid  of  the  Chaldees. 

SECT.  II.  Section    II. — Johanan  rescues  the  Captives  from  Ishmael,  and,  contrary  to 

^~  the  Commands   of  God  given  by  Jeremiah,  takes  refuge  at  Tahpanhes   in 

B.C.  587.'  Egypt. 

Jeremiah  xli.  11,  to  the  end,  xlii.  and  xliii.  1-7. 

^^  But  when  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah,  and  all  the  captains  of  the 
forces  that  were  with  him,  heard  of  all  the  evil  that  Ishmael  the  son 
of  Nethaniah  had  done,  ^~  then   they  took  all   the  men,  and  went  to 

a2Sa.  2. 13.  f[g\\i  with  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah,  and  found  him  by  "the  great 
waters  that  are  in  Gibeon.  ^^Now  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  all  the 
people  which  were  with  Ishmael  saw  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah,  and 
all  the  captains  of  the  forces  that  were  with  him,  then  they  were  glad. 
^^  So  all  the  people  that  Ishmael  had  carried  away  captive  from  Mizpah 
cast  about  and  returned,  and  went  unto  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah. 
^^  But  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah  escaped  from  Johanan  with  eight 
men,  and  went  to  the  Ammonites. 

^^  Then  took  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah,  and  all  the  captains  of  the 
forces  that  were  with  him,  all  the  remnant  of  the  people  whom  he  had 
recovered  from  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah,  from  Mizpah,  after  that 
he  had  slain  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam,  even  mighty  men  of  war, 
and  the  women,  and  the  children,  and  the  eunuchs,  whom  he  had 
brought  again  from  Gibeon.   ^'And  they  departed,  and  dwelt  in  the 

42 Sa.  19. 37, 38.  habitation  of  ''Chimham,  which  is  by  Beth-lehem,  to  go  to  enter  into 
Egypt,  ^^ because  of  the  Chaldeans;  for  they  were  afraid  of  them, 
because  Ishmael  the  son  of  Nethaniah  had  slain  Gedaliah  the  son  of 
Ahikam,  whom  the  king  of  Babylon  made  governor  in  the  land. 

^  Then  all  the  captains  of  the  forces,  and  Johanan  the      Jeremiah  xlii. 
son  of  Kareah,  ami  Jezaniah  the  son  of  Hoshaiah,  and 
all  the  people  from  the  least  even  unto  the  greatest,  came  near,  -and 

*  Ox,  Let  our       said  unto  Jeremiah   the  prophet,  '•  *Let,  we  beseech  thee,  our  suppli- 

suppheatinii  fall  .  ,  i     I       /•  i  i    c  /•  it  i 

before  thee.         cation  bc  acccptcd   betore  thee,  and    pray  for  us  unto  the  Lord  thy 

'']9.^is.^37^'4^ja!  ^*^^'  ^"^^^  ^^^  ^"^  ^'^^^  rcmnaut,  (for  we  are  left  but  ''a  few  of  many,  as 

5- 16.  thine  eyes  do  behold  us  ;)   -^  that  the  Lord  thy  God  may  show  us  the 

d  Le.  2b.  22.        way  wherein  we  may  walk,  and  the  thing  that  we  may  do."  ^  Then 

Jeremiah  the   prophet  said   unto  them,  "  I  have  heard  you,  behold,  I 

will  pray  unto  the  Lord  your  God  according  to  your  words  ;  and  it 

shall  come  to  pass,  that  whatsoever  thing  the  Lord  shall  answer  you, 

*2o^2o^"  ^^'  ^'''  ^  ^^^^^  declare  it  unto  you  ;  I  will  'keep  nothing  back  from  you."  ^  Then 

they  said   to   Jeremiah,  "The   Lord  be  a   true  and  faithful   witness 

between  us,  if  we  do  not  even  according  to  all  things  for  the  which 

the  Lord  thy  God  shall  send   thee   to  us.  ^  Whether  it  be  good,  or 

whether  it  be  evil,  we  will  obey  the  voice  of  the  Lord  our  God,  to 

whom  we  send  thee ;  that  it  may  be  well  with  us,  when  we  obey  the 

voice  of  the  Lord  our  God." 

'''And  it  came  to  pass  after  ten  days,  that  the  v\'ord  of  tlie  Lord 
came  unto  Jeremiah.  *^  Then  called  he  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah, 
and  all  the  captains  of  the  forces  which  were  with  him,  and  all  the 
people  from  the  least  even  to  the  greatest,  '-"and  said  unto  them, 
"  Thus  saith  the  Lord,  the  God  of  Israel,  unto  wliom  ye  sent  me  to 
present  your  supplication  before  him  ; — 


1000  JEREMIAH'S  ADVICE  TO  JOIIANAN.  [Period  VII. 

^°  If  ye  will  still  abide  in  this  land, 

Then  will  I  build  you,  and  not  pull  you  down, 

And  I  will  plant  you,  and  not  pluck  you  up  ; 

For  I  repent  me  of  the  evil  that  I  have  done  unto  you. 
^^  Be  not  afraid  of  the  king  of  Babylon, 

Of  whom  ye  are  afraid, 

Be  not  afraid  of  him,  saith  the  Lord  ; 
/i8. 43. 5.  Ro.  8.       Yor  -1  am  with  you  to  save  you, 

And  to  deliver  you  from  his  hand. 
^~  And  I  will  show  mercies  unto  you, 

That  he  may  have  mercy  upon  you. 

And  cause  you  to  return  to  your  own  land. 
^3  "  But  if  ye  say, 

We  wall  not  dwell  in  this  land, 

Neither  obey  the  voice  of  the  Lord  your  God, 
^^  Saying,  No,  but  we  will  go  into  the  land  of  Egypt, 

Where  we  shall  see  no  war. 

Nor  hear  the  sound  of  the  trumpet, 

Nor  have  hunger  of  bread ; 

And  there  will  we  dwell ; 
'y?'&^!'-£d!"    ^^  *And  now  therefore  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  ye  remnant  of  Judah ; 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 
^De.  17.16.  jf  yg  "wholly  set  ''your  faces  to  enter  into  Egypt, 

And  go  to  sojourn  there  ; 
^'^  Then  it  shall  come  to  pass, 

That  the  sword,  which  ye  feared, 

Shall  overtake  you  there  in  the  land  of  Egypt, 

And  the  famine,  whereof  ye  were  afraid, 
^""'"'"^'        Shall  tfollow  close  after  you  there  in  Egypt; 

And  there  ve  shall  die. 

tHeb.  all  Uu  men  17  g^  gJ^j^H  jjj^l^g  ,,-1^}^  ^^J,   ^,^g  jj^g^ 

That  set  their  faces  to  go  into  Egypt  to  sojourn  there  ; 

They  shall  die  by  the  sword,  by  the  famine,  and  by  the  pestilence ; 
.^ee  Je.  44. 14,         ^^^^j  'nono  of  them  shall  remain  or  escape 

From  the  evil  that  I  will  bring  upon  them. 
^^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ; 

As  mine  anger  and  my  fury  hath  been  poured  forth 

Upon  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  ; 

So  shall  my  fury  be  poured  forth  upon  you, 

When  ye  shall  enter  into  Egypt : 
^g.Vae.^e.  &^9:       ^"^  ^Y^  shall  be  an  execration,  and  an  astonishment, 
J8.22.&44. 1-'.       And  a  curse,  and  a  reproach  ; 

Zee.  8.  IJ.  A       1  111  1  •         I 

And  ye  shall  see  this  place  no  more. 

19  "  The  Lord  hath  said  concerning  you,  O  ye  remnant  of  Judah  !  Go 
feDe.  17. 16.  *yg  ^^^  ^^^^  Egypt:  know  certainly  that  1  have  *admonished  you 
aglimiym.  this  day.  '^^  For  tye  dissembled  in  your  hearts,  when  ye  sent  me  unto 
t  Or,  ye /wre  i«e<i  the  LoRD  vour  God,  savinff, '  Pray  for  us  unto  the  Lord  our  God  ;  and 

decHl  against.  ■>  , .       ,  r       t  /~<      i      i      1 1  i       i 

yoursouu.  accordiug  unto  all  that  the  Lord  our  God  shall  say,  so  declare  unto 
us,  and  we  will  do  it.'  -^  And  now  I  have  this  day  declared  it  to  you ; 
but  ye  have  not  obeyed  the  voice  of  the  Lord  your  God,  nor  any  thing 
for  the  which  he  hath  sent  me  unto  you.  -  Now  therefore  know  cer- 
tainly that  ye  shall  die  by  the  sword,  by  the  famine,  and  by  the  pesti- 

>° m*!" ^'' '"  ^"^   lence,  in  the  place  whither  ye  desire  tto  go  and  to  sojourn." 

1  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  Jeremiah  had  made     Jeremiah  xliii. 
an  end  of  speakinjT  unto  all  the  people  all  the  words  of  I-''- 

the  Lord  their  God,  for  which  the  Lord  their  God  had  sent  him  to 
them,  even  all  these  w^ords,  ^  then  spake  Azariah  the  son  of  Hoshaiah, 


Part  III.] 


JEREMIAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  EGYPT. 


1001 


t  Je.  2.  16.  &  44. 
1.  called  Haiies, 
Is.  30.  4. 


A.  M. 
B.  C 


3417, 

587. 


b  Je.  15.  2.  Zee. 
11.9. 


*  Hcb.  statues, 
or,  standing  im- 
ages. 

f  Or,  tke  house  of 
the  sun. 


c  Is.  19.  l.Ez. 
xxix.  &  XXX.  & 
xxxii.  Fulfilled 
about  571. 


and  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah,  and  all  the  proud  men,  sayin^;  unto 
Jeremiah,  "  Thou  speakest  falsely.  The  Lord  our  God  hath  not  sent 
thee  to  say,  '  Go  not  into  Egypt  to  sojourn  there:'  ^  but  Baruch  the 
son  of  Neriah  setteth  thee  on  against  us,  for  to  deliver  us  into  the  hand 
of  the  Chaldeans,  that  they  might  put  us  to  death,  and  carry  us  away 
captives  into  Babylon."  "*  So  Johanan  the  son  of  Kareah,  and  all  the 
captains  of  the  forces,  and  all  the  people,  obeyed  not  the  voice  of 
the  Lord,  to  dwell  in  the  land  of  Judah.  ^  But  Johanan  the  son  of 
Kareah,  and  all  the  captains  of  the  forces,  took  all  the  remnant  of 
Judah,  that  were  returned  from  all  nations,  whither  they  had  been 
driven,  to  dwell  in  the  land  of  Judah;  ^even  men,  and  women,  and 
children,  and  the  king's  daughters,  and  every  person  that  Nebuzar-adan 
the  captain  of  the  guard  had  left  with  Gedaliah  the  son  of  Ahikam  the 
son  of  Shaphan,  and  Jeremiah  the  prophet,  and  Baruch  the  son  of 
Neriah.  ''  So  they  came  into  the  land  of  Egypt ;  for  they  obeyed  not 
the  voice  of  the  Lord  :   thus  came  they  even  to  'Tahpanhes. 

Section    III. — Prophecy  of  Jeremiah  against  Egypt. 
Jeremiah  xliii.  8,  to  the  end,  and  xlvi.  Vi.to  the  end. 

^Then  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  Jeremiah  in  Tahpanhes, 
saying, 

^  Take  great  stones  in  thy  hand,  and  hide  them  in  the  clay  in  the 
brickkiln,  which  is  at  the  entry  of  Pharaoh's  house  in  Tahpanhes,  in 
the  sight  of  the  men  of  Judah  ;  ^°and  say  unto  them,  Thus  saith  the 
Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel,  Behold,  I  will  send  and  take  Neb- 
uchadrezzar the  king  of  Babylon,  my  servant,  and  will  set  his  throne 
upon  these  stones  that  I  have  hid  ;  and  he  shall  spread  his  royal  pa- 
vilion over  them.  ^^  And  "when  he  cometh,  he  shall  smite  the  land  of 
Egypt,  and  deliver  ''such  as  are  for  death  to  death  ;  and  such  as  are 
for  captivity  to  captivity  ;  and  such  as  are  for  the  sword  to  the  sword. 
^^  And  I  will  kindle  a  fire  in  the  houses  of  the  gods  of  Egypt,  and  he 
shall  burn  them,  and  carry  them  away  captives  ;  and  he  shall  array 
himself  with  the  land  of  Egypt,  as  a  shepherd  putteth  on  his  garment, 
and  he  shall  go  forth  from  thence  in  peace.  ^-^  He  shall  break  also  the 
*images  of  tBeth-shemesh,  that  is  in  the  land  of  Egypt ;  and  the  houses 
of  the  gods  of  the  Egyptians  shall  he  burn  with  fire. 

^3  The  word  that  the  Lord  spake  to  Jeremiah  the     Jeremiah  xlvi. 
prophet,  how  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon   should       13,  to  end.(^ 
come  and  'smite  the  land  of  Egypt. 

^^  Declare  ye  in  Egypt,  and  publish  in  Migdol, 

And  publish  in  Noph  and  in  Tahpanhes. 

Say  ye.  Stand  fast,  and  prepare  thee  ; 

For  the  sword  shall  devour  round  about  thee. 


(^^)  The  several  passages  from  Jeremiah  which 
are  inserted  in  this  third  Fart,  are  placed  here  on 
the  authority  of  their  internal  evidence.  This  pas- 
sage (Jer.  xlvi.  13,  to  the  end)  is  added  to  the  pre- 
ceding from  comparing  Jer.  xlvi.  14,  with  Jer.  xliii. 
7.  The  prophet  was  forcibly  brought  by  his  re- 
bellious countrymen  to  Tahpanhes  in  Egypt. 

Egypt  having  been  the  ally  of  Judtea,  many  of  the 
Jews,  long  before  Johanan  took  refuge  there,  had 
escaped  to  tliis  country  from  the  king  of  Babylon. 
Jeremiah,  after  predicting  the  conquest  and  captivi- 
ty of  the  iEgyptians  by  Nebuchadnezzar,  addresses 
himself  to  the  Jews,  who  were  with  him,  and  calls 
upon  them  to  furnisli  themselves  for  a  similar  fate. 
The  prophecy  concludes  with  promises  of  mercy  and 
restoration  to  those  Jews  who  were  already  captives 
in  Babylon. 

The  expressions  in  ver.  28,  "  I  will  make  a  full 
end  of  all  the  nations,"  yet  "  I  will  not  make  a  full 

VOL.  I.  126 


end  of  thee,"  seem  to  refer  to  a  period  when  the 
Jews  were  not  only  captives,  but  so  miserably  re- 
duced that  there  was  every  reason  to  apprehend 
their  extinction  as  a  nation  :  and  as  they  appear  to 
have  been,  at  this  time,  at  the  lieight  of  their 
affliction  and  distress,  it  is  probable  this  powerful 
consolation  was  offered  to  them.  Bishop  Home 
beautifully  remarks  on  ver.  28,  "  Even  to  our  day, 
this  wonderful  prophecy  is  fulfilled  before  us. 
The  oppressors  of  the  Jews,  the  mighty  monarchies 
or  Assyria,  Persia,  Greece,  and  Rome,  are  vanished, 
like  the  shadows  of  the  evening.  Nothing  remains 
of  them  but  their  names  :  while  this  persecuted,  de- 
spised, and  hated  people,  without  a  friend  or  a  pro- 
tector, amidst  the  wreck  of  nations,  oppressed  and 
harassed  by  edicts  and  executioners,  by  murders 
and  massacres,  hath  outlived  the  ruins  of  them  all; 
and  will  continue  till  the  appointed  day  of  their 
conversion  and  their  restoration  come." 
4  F* 


1002  JERE^AHAH'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  EGYPT.  [Period  VII 

^^  Why  are  thy  vaHant  men  swept  away  ? 

Thev  stood  not,  because  the  Lord  did  drive  them. 
^S^f^"^  ''  He  fmade  many  to  fall,    - 
<iLe.26.37.  Yea,  ''onc  fell  upon  another  ; 

And  they  said,  "  Arise,  and  let  us  go  again  to  our  own  people, 

And  to  the  land  of  our  nativity, 

From  the  oppressing  sword." 
^''  They  did  cry  there, 

'■  Pharaoh  king  of  Egypt  is  but  a  noise  ; 

He  hath  passed  the  time  appointed," 
^^  As  I  live,  saith  the  King,  whose  name  is  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Surely  as  Tabor  is  among  the  mountains. 

And  as  Carmel  by  the  sea,  so  shall  he  come. 
^^  O  thou  daughter  dwelling  in  Egvpt, 
*  "t^m-^tof*       *Furnish  thyself  ^to  go  into  capdvity  ; 

captwuy.  For  Noph  sliall  be  waste  and  desolate  without  an  inhabitant. 

^^  Egypt  is  like  a  very  fair  heifer, 

But  destruction  cometh  ; 

It  cometh  out  of  the  north. 
^StslM^''^''^  ^^  -^^^^  ^^^  ^^'"^^  "16"  ^'■^  i"  the  midst  of  her  like  +  fatted  bullocks  : 

For  they  also  are  turned  back, 

And  are  fled  away  together:  they  did  not  stand, 

Because  the  day  of  their  calamity  was  come  upon  them, 

And  the  time  of  their  visitation. 
/See  I..  29. 4.      22  rpj^^  /^^^-^^  thereof  shall  go  like  a  serpent ; 

For  they  shall  march  with  an  army, 

And  come  against  her  with  axes, 

As  hewers  of  wood, 
^is.  10.34.         23  They  shall  ^cut  down  her  forest,  saith  the  Lord, 

Though  it  cannot  be  searched  ; 
AJu.  6. 5.  Because  they  are  more  than  ''the  grasshoppers. 

And  are  innumerable. 
^*  The  daughter  of  Egypt  shall  be  confounded  ; 

She  shall  be  delivered  into  the  hand  of  the  people  of  the  north. 
^^  The  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel,  saith  ; 
^Hcb.X!p!l*^-         Behold,  I  will  punish  the  Imultitude  of  No, 

And  Pharaoh,  and  Egypt, 

With  their  gods,  and  their  kings. 

Even  Pharaoh,  and  all  them  that  trust  in  him  ; 
^^  And  I  will  deliver  them  into  the  hand  of  those  that  seek  their  lives, 

And  into  the  hand  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon, 

And  into  the  hand  of  his  servants  ; 
iEz.  29. 11, 13,  Aj^^  'afterward  it  shall  be  inhabited, 

As  in  the  days  of  old,  saith  the  Lord. 

-"  But  fear  not  thou,  O  my  servant  Jacob  ! 

And  be  not  dismayed,  O  Israel ! 

For,  behold,  I  will  save  thee  from  afar  oflT, 

And  thy  seed  from  the  land  of  their  captivity  ; 

And  Jacob  shall  return,  and  be  in  rest 

And  at  ease,  and  none  shall  make  him  afraid. 
^®  Fear  thou  not,  O  Jacob  my  servant !  saith  the  Lord, 

For  I  am  with  thee  ; 

For  I  will  make  a  full  end  of  all  the  nations 

W^liither  I  have  driven  thee  : 

But  I  will  not  make  a  full  end  of  thee. 

But  correct  thee  in  measure  ; 
^^I'Z'T"''        Yet  will  I  *not  leave  thee  wholly  unpunished. 


Part  III.] 


JEREMIAH'S  FINAL  PREDICTIONS  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.     1003 


SECT.  IV.      Section    IV. — Final  Predictions   of  Jeremiah  against  the  idolatrous  Jews, 

and  against  Egypt. 


A.  M.   3417 
B.  C.  587. 


Jeremiah  xliv.W 


«2Ch.  36.  15. 
Je.  7.  25.  &  25 
4.  &  26.  5.  &  2! 
19. 


^  The  word  that  came  to  Jeremiah  concerning  all  the  Jews  which 
dwell  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  which  dwell  at  Migdol,  and  at  Tahpanhes, 
and  at  Noph,  and  in  the  country  of  Pathros,  saying, — 

2  "Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel;  Ye  have 
seen  all  the  evil  that  I  have  brought  upon  Jerusalem,  and  upon  all  the 
cities  of  Judah ;  and,  behold,  this  day  they  are  a  desolation,  and  no 
man  dwelleth  therein,  ^  because  of  their  wickedness  which  they  have 
committed  to  provoke  me  to  anger,  in  that  they  went  to  burn  incense, 
and  to  serve  other  gods,  whom  they  knew  not,  neither  they,  ye,  nor 
your  fathers.  ''  Howbeit  "I  sent  unto  you  all  my  servants  the  prophets, 
(rising  early  and  sending  them,)  saying,  "  Oh,  do  not  this  abominable 
thing  that  I  hate !  "  ^  But  they  hearkened  not,  nor  inclined  their  ear 
to  turn  from  their  wickedness,  to  burn  no  incense  unto  other  gods. 
6  Wherefore  my  fury  and  mine  anger  was  poured  forth,  and  was  kin- 
dled in  the  cities  of  Judah  and  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem  ;  and  they 
are  wasted  and  desolate  as  at  this  day.  ''  Therefore  now  thus  saith  the 
Lord,  the  God  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ;  Wherefore  commit  ye 
this  great  evil  against  your  souls,  to  cut  oft'  from  you  man  and  woman, 
child  and  suckling,  *out  of  Judah,  to  leave  you  none  to  remain;  ^in 
that  ye  provoke  me  unto  wrath  with  the  works  of  your  hands,  burning 
incense  unto  other  gods  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  whither  ye  be  gone  to 
dwell,  that  ye  might  cut  yourselves  off",  and  that  ye  might  be  a  curse 
and  a  reproach  among  all  the  nations  of  the  earth  ?  ^  Have  ye  forgotten 
t  mh.rBickrdness-  ^j^g  twickeducss  of  your  fathers,  and  the  wickedness  of  the  kings  of 
Judah,  and  the  wickedness  of  their  wives,  and  your  own  wickedness, 
and  the  wickedness  of  your  wives,  which  they  have  committed  in  the 
land  of  Judah,  and  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem?  i°They  are  not 
thumbled  even  unto  this  day,  neither  have  they  ''feared,  nor  walked 
in  my  law,  nor  in  my  statutes,  that  I  set  before  you  and  before  your 

fathers.  t>  i,  u 

11 "  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel ;  Behold, 
1  will  set  my  face  against  you  for  evil,  and  to  cut  off"  all  Judah.  ^^  And 
I  will  take  the  remnant  of  Judah,  that  have  set  their  faces  to  go  mto 
the  land  of  Egypt  to  sojourn  there,  and  they  shall  all  be  consumed, 
and  fall  in  the  land  of  Egypt ;  they  shall  even  be  consumed  by  the 
sword  and  by  the  famine  :  they  shall  die,  from  the  least  even  unto  the 
greatest,  by  the  sword  and  by  the  famine  ;  and  they  shall  be  an  exe- 
cration, and  an  astonishment,  and  a  curse,  and  a  reproach.  ^^^  For  I 
will  punish  them  that  dwell  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  as  I  have  punished 
Jerusalem,  by  the  sword,  by  the  famine,  and  by  the  pestilence;  '''so 
that  none  of  the  remnant  of  Judah,  which  are  gone  into  the  land  of 
Effypt  to  sojourn  there,  shall  escape  or  remain,  that  they  should  return 
into  the  land  of  Judah,  to  the  which  they  *have  a  desire  to  return  to 
dwell  there  ;  for  none  shall  return  but  such  as  shall  escape." 

15  Then  all  the  men  which  knew  that  their  wives  had  burned  incense 
unto  other  gods,  and  all  the  women  that  stood  by,  a  great  multitude. 

Some  have  asserted 


*  Heb.  out  of  the 
midst  of  Judah. 


I  or,  ptiiitsk- 
mtnts,  8(c. 


1  Heb.  contrite. 

Pe.  51.  17. 
b  Pr.  28.  14. 


c  Le.  17.  10.  & 
20.  5  6.  Am. 


(3«)  The  Jews  who  went  into  Egypt  with  Johanan, 
and  had  taken  Jeremiah  with  them,  gave  the^n- 
selves  up  in  that  country  to  idolatry.  The  prophet 
for  the  last  time  denounces  the  judgments  of  God 
ao-ainst  them.  As  we  hear  no  more  of  Jeremiah, 
it'is  most  likely  that  he  died  soon  after  the  delivery 
of  this  prophecy  in  Egypt,  being  now  much  advan- 
ced in  age,  and  having  prophesied  forty-one  years 


from  the  thirteenth  of  Josiah. 
that  he  was  put  to  death  by  Pharaoh  Hophra. 
Others,  among  whom  are  Tertullian,  Jerome,  and 
Epiphanius,  assert  that  he  was  stoned  to  death  by 
the  Jews  for  preaching  against  their  idolatry  :  and 
they  suppose  that  Heb.  xi.  37,  "  they  were  stoned," 
refers  to  the  death  of  Jeremiah.— Prideaux,  vol.  i 
p.  722  ;  Hales,  vol.  ii.  p.  492. 


.004  JEREMIAH'S  FINAL  PREDICTIONS  AGAINST  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 


J  Heb.  bread. 


'  Or,  husbaTids. 


a  Or,{as  a  tarnit,) 
Accomplish  ye, 
&.c.—Ed. 

/Ge.  2-X  16. 

g  Ez.  20.  39. 


t  heh.framme, 
or  them. 


jJe.46.  25,  2G. 
Ez.  29.  3,  &c.  & 
30.  21,&.c. 

k  Jc.  39.  5. 


even  all  the  people  that  dwelt  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  in  Pathros,  an- 
swered Jeremiah,  saying, — 

^° "  As  for  the  word  that  thou  hast  spoken  unto  us  in  the  name  of 
the  Lord,  w^e  will  not  hearken  unto  thee.  ^"^  But  we  will  certainly  do 
"whatsoever  thing  goeth  forth  out  of  our  own  mouth,  to  burn  incense 
unto  the  tQ,ueen  of  Heaven,  and  to  pour  out  drink  offerings  unto  her, 
as  we  have  done,  (we,  and  our  fathers,  our  kings,  and  our  princes,) 
in  the  cities  of  Judah,  and  in  the  streets  of  Jerusalem  ;  for  then  had  we 
plenty  of  tvictuals,  and  were  well,  and  saw  no  evil.  '*  But  since  we  left 
off  to  burn  incense  to  the  Queen  of  Heaven,  and  to  pour  out  drink 
offerings  unto  her,  we  have  wanted  all  things,  and  have  been  consumed 
by  the  sword  and  by  the  famine.  ^^And  when  we  burned  incense  to 
the  Queen  of  Heaven,  and  poured  out  drink  offerings  unto  her,  did 
we  make  her  cakes  to  worship  her,  and  pour  out  drink  offerings  unto 
her,  without  our  *men  ? " 

""Then  Jeremiah  said  unto  all  the  people,  to  the  men,  and  to  the 
women,  and  to  all  the  people  which  had  given  him  that  answer,  say- 

^^  "  The  incense  that  ye  burned  in  the  cities  of  Judah,  and  in  the 
streets  of  Jerusalem,  (ye,  and  your  fathers,  your  kings,  and  your  princes, 
and  the  people  of  the  land,)  did  not  the  Lord  remember  them,  and 
came  it  not  into  his  mind  ?  '^~  So  that  the  Lord  could  no  longer  bear, 
because  of  the  evil  of  your  doings,  and  because  of  the  abominations 
which  ye  have  committed ;  therefore  is  your  land  a  desolation,  and 
an  astonishment,  and  a  curse,  without  an  inhabitant,  as  at  this  day. 
^^  Because  ye  have  burned  incense,  and  because  ye  have  sinned  against 
the  Lord,  and  have  not  obeyed  the  voice  of  the  Lord,  nor  walked  in 
his  law,  nor  in  his  statutes,  nor  in  his  testimonies ;  'therefore  this  evil 
is  happened  unto  you,  as  at  this  day." 

^^  Moreover  Jeremiah  said  unto  all  the  people,  and  to  all  the  women, 
"  Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord,  all  Judah  that  are  in  the  land  of  Egypt ! 
^^Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  the  God  of  Israel,  saying.  Ye  and 
your  wives  have  both  spoken  with  your  mouths,  and  fulfilled  with  your 
hand,  saying, '  We  will  surely  perform  our  vows  that  we  have  vowed,  to 
burn  incense  to  the  Queen  of  Heaven,  and  to  pour  out  drink  offerings 
unto  her' — ''Ye  will  surely  accomplish  your  vow^s,  and  surely  perform 
your  vows.  ^^  Therefore  hear  ye  the  word  of  the  Lord,  all  Judah  tliat 
dwell  in  the  land  of  Egypt,  Behold,  1  have  sw^orn  by  my  great  name, 
saith  tiie  Lord,  that  'my  name  shall  no  more  be  named  in  the  mouth 
of  any  man  of  Judah  in  all  the  land  of  Egypt,  saying.  The  I^ord  God 
liveth  !  ^■''Behold,  ''I  will  watch  over  them  for  evil,  and  not  for  good; 
and  all  the  men  of  Judah  that  are  in  the  land  of  Egypt  shall  be  con- 
sumed by  the  sword  and  by  the  famine,  until  there  be  an  end  of  them. 
-^  Yet  *a  small  number  that  escape  the  sword  shall  return  out  of  the 
land  of  Egypt  into  the  land  of  Judah,  and  all  the  remnant  of  Judah, 
that  are  gone  into  the  land  of  Egypt  to  sojourn  there,  shall  know  whose 
words  shall  stand,  tniine  or  theirs. 

-^ "  And  this  shall  be  a  sign  unto  you,  saith  the  Lord,  that  1  will 
punish  you  in  this  place,  that  ye  may  know  that  my  words  shall  surely 
stand  against  you  for  evil:  ^''Thus  saith  the  Lord,  Behold,  ^I  will 
give  Pharaoh-hophra  king  of  Egypt  into  the  hand  of  his  enemies,  and 
into  the  hand  of  them  that  seek  his  life  ;  as  I  gave  'Zedekiah  king  of 
Judah  into  the  liand  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon,  his  enemy, 
and  that  souslit  his  life.'  " 


Part  IV.]  EZEKIEL  PREDICTS  THE  DESOLATION  OF  JUD^A.        1005 


V. 


A.  M.   3417. 
B.  C.  587. 


Section  V. — Brief  Recapitulation  of  the  Captivities  of  the  Jews   hy  Nebu- 
chadrezzar. 


Jeremiah  lii.  28-30. 


—  ^^  This  "is  the  people  wliom  Nebuchadrezzar  carried  away  captive : 

a^2Ki.  24. 2, 12,   [j^  fj^g  Seventh  year  three   thousand  Jews  and  three  and  twenty  :   ^^  in 

6Je.39. 9.  ''the  eighteenth  year  of  Nebuchadrezzar  he  carried  away  captive  from 

*Heh.  souls.        Jerusalem  eight  hundred  thirty  and  two  *persons  :   ^*' in  the  three  and 

twentieth  year  of  Nebuchadrezzar  Nebuzar-adan  the  captain  of  the 

guard  carried  away  captive  of  the  Jews  seven  hundred  forty  and  five 

persons  :  all  the  persons  were  four  thousand  and  six  hundred. 


PART     IV. 


EVENTS  AT  BABYLON  BETWEEN  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  JERUSALEM, 
AND  THE   RETURN   FROM   THE   CAPTIVITY. 

SECT.  I.  Section  L — Ezekiel,  being  informed  of  the   Destruction  of  Jerusalem,  pre- 
— ;  diets  the  utter  Desolation  of  Judma,  and  the  Judgments  of  God  against  the 
%  ^  587^  -^"^"ionites ,  Moab  and  Seir,  Edom,  and  the  Philistines,  Enemies  to  the  Jews. 
Ezekiel  xxxiii.  21,  to  the  end,  and  xxv.(^'> 

^^  AND  it  came  to  pass  in  the  twelfth  year  of  our  captivity,  in  the 
tenth  month,  in  the  fifth  day  of  the  month,  that  one  that  had  escaped 

a2Ki.25.4.  out  of  Jerusalem  came  unto  me,  saying,  "The  "city  is  smitten  !  "  ^^  (Now 
the  hand  of  the  Lord  was  upon  me  in  the  evening,  afore  he  that  was 
escaped  came  ;  and  had  opened  my  mouth,  until  he  came  to  me  in  the 
morning ;  and  my  mouth  was  opened,'  and  I  was  no  more  dumb.) 
^^  Then  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  ^'*  Son  of  man  ! 
they  that  inhabit  those  wastes  of  the  land  of  Israel  speak,  saying, 

ft  Is.  51. 2.  Ac.  7.  'Abraham  was  one,  and  he  inherited  the  land  ;   'but  we  are  many,  the 

c  See  Mic.  3. 11.   '^"^   ^^  givcu   US  for  inheritance.  ^^  Wherefore  say   unto  them,  Thus 

Ma^t.  3. 9.  John    gahh  the  Lord  God  ; — 

dGe.9. 4.  Le.  3.  Yc  ''eat  with  the  blood, 

17!  lo.Vig.'^e.       And  lift  up  your  eyes  toward  your  idols,  and  shed  blood : 

De.  12. 16.  ^j^j  gj^al]  yg  possess  the  land  ? 

^^  Ye  stand  upon  your  sword, 

Ye  work  abomination,  and  ye  defile  every  one  his  neighbour's  wife  : 
And  shall  ye  possess  the  land  ? 

(•'^)  From  comparing  Ezek,  xxxii.  1,   with   Ezek.  in    proving    the    hteral    accomphshment    of    this 

xxxiii.  21,  it  is  evident  that  this  partofchap.  xxxiii.  prophecy,  (chap.  xxvi.  14.)  that  Tyre  should  "  be 

comes  before  chap,  xxxii.    Chapter  xxv.  is  placed  in  a  place   to  spread  nets  upon,"   and  be  "built  no 

this  section,  and  chapters  xxvi.  to  x.xviii.  in  the  next,  more:"  and,  according  to   Maundrell,  its    present 

on  the  authority  of  Archbp.  Newcome,  who  observes,  inhabitants  are  only  a  few    wretches  harbouring 

that"  the  date  in  the  text  (chap.  xxvi.  ver.  2,)  must  themselves  in  the  vaults,  and  subsisting  themselves 

be    posterior  to   whatever  is   the  true   date,  chap,  chiefly  upon  fishing,  who  seem  intended  by  Divine 

xx.xiii.  21  ;  because  this  prophecy  was  delivered  after  Providence  to  be  a  visible  argument  how  God  has 

the  taking  of  Jerusalem  was  known  to  Ezekiel  and  fulfilled    his  word  concerning  Tyre.     The   power 

his  people."      According  to  Archbp.    Usher     and  and  opulence  of  Tyre,  in  the  prosperous  age  of  its 

Josephus,  the  predictions  against  the   Ammonites,  commerce,  must  have  attracted  general   attention. 

Moabites,  Edomites,  and  Philistines,  in  chap.  x.xv.  In  these  chapters  Ezekiel  gives  a  most  particular 

were  fulfilled  by  Nebuchadnezzar  about  five  years  account  of  the  nature  and  variety  of  its  commercial 

after  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem.     The  prophecy  transactions,   which  conveys   a  most    magnificent 

against  Tyre,  contained  in  chap.  xxvi.  xxvii.  xxviii.  idea  of  the  extensive   power   of  that  state.     It  is 

was  accomplished  nineteen  years  after  its  delivery,  supposed  that  these   prophecies   appertain   both   to 

by  Nebuchadnezzar,  in  the  reign  of  Ithobal  prince  Old  and  New  Tyre,  some  expressions  being  appli- 

of  Tyre,  chap,   xxviii.  2.  after  a  siege   of  thirteen  cable   only  to   the  iformer,  and  others  only  to  the 

years.     In  chap,  xxviii.  from  ver.  20  to  24,  the  de-  latter.     New  Tyre  was  destroyed  by  Alexander  the 

struction   of  Sidon,    the   mother  city  of  Tyre,    is  Great  260  years  after  the  time  of  Ezekiel.     For  a 

denounced,  and  the  chapter  ends  with  promises  to  further  account  of  the  fulfilment  of  these   prophe- 

the  house   of  Israel   of  deliverance   from   all   their  cies,  vide  Newton  On  the  Prophecies,  vol.  i.  p.  190— 

enemies,  and  a  happy  restoration  to  their  own  land.  212  ;  D'Oyly  and  Mant  in  loc.  ;  Archbp.  Newcome  ; 

The    overthrow   of  "Tyre  is    likewise    foretold    by  Josephus,  .5h^  J«f/.  lib.  10.  chap.  xi.  §  1;   Home's 

Isaiah,  chap,  xxiii.  and  by   Jeremiaii,  chap,   xlvii.  Crit.  Introd. 
The  united  testimonies  of  modern  travellers  concur 


1006  EZEKIEL  PREDICTS  THE  DESOLATION  OF  JUD^A.     [Period  VIL 

^"^  Say  thou  thus  unto  tliem,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, — 
As  I  Hve,  surely  they  that  are  in  the  wastes  shall  fall  by  the  sword, 
* ^^^^- io  ^^our        And  him  that  is  in  the  open  field  \yill  I  give  to  the  beasts  *to  be 

devoured, 
^ll't"^^'''         "'^"^  they  that  be  in  the  forts  and  'in  the  caves  shall  die  of  the 
/Je.  44. 2, 6, 22.   °®  For  "T  will  lay  the  land  fmost  desolate,  [pestilence. 

^a^dwo^'fcn""       ^"^  *'^^  pomp  of  her  strength  shall  cease ; 

And  the  mountains  of  Israel  shall  be  desolate,  that  none  shall  pass 
2^  Then  shall  they  know  that  I  am  the  Lord,  [through. 

When  I  have  laid  the  land  most  desolate 

Because  of  all  their  abominations  which  they  have  committed. 
^^  Also,  thou  son  of  man, 
X  Ox,  of  thee.  The  children  of  thy  people  still  are  talking  tagainst  thee 

By  the  walls  and  in  the  doors  of  the  houses. 
And  speak  one  to  another,  every  one  to  his  brother,  saying, 
"  Come,  I  pray  you,  and  hear  what  is  the  word 
Tiiat  Cometh  forth  from  the  Lord." 

•  Heb.  acccrrding  31  ^.nd  they  comc  unto  thee  *as  the  people  cometh, 

to  the  coming  of  Aiii-ic  rr  3 

thepenpie.  And  tthcy  Sit  before  thee  as  my  people, 

^s?t'le7ol!Zi"         And  they  hear  thy  words,  but  they  will  not  do  them ; 
tiieb.oieymake        For  with  their  mouth  tthey  show  much  love, 
g''mi.°i3^zi.  ^^^  ^their  heart  goeth  after  their  covetousness. 

*Heh.asong  of  ^^  And,  lo  !  thou  art  unto  them  as  *a  very  lovely  song 

Of  one  that  hath  a  pleasant  voice,  and  can  play  well  on  an  instru- 
For  they  hear  thy  words,  but  they  do  them  not.  [ment ; 

^^  And  when  this  cometh  to  pass,  (lo !  it  will  come,) 

Then  shall  they  know  that  a  prophet  hath  been  among  them. 

'  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  again  unto  me,  saying,  Ezekiel  xxv. 
Vz%7.'28.*Am.  ^  ^"^^  ^^  "^^"  '  ^^^  ^^y  ^^^^  'against  the  Ammonites,  and 
1. 13.  zep.  2. 9.  prophesy  against  them  ;  ^  and  say  unto  the  Ammonites, — 
Hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  God  ! 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

•  Pr.  17.5.  Because  Hhou  saidst,  "  Aha  !  " 

Against  my  sanctuary,  when  it  was  profaned  ; 
And  against  the  land  of  Israel,  when  it  was  desolate ; 
And  against  the  house  of  Judah,  when  they  went  into  captivity ; 
t  Heb.  children.      4  gehold,  therefore  I  will  deliver  thee  to  the  tmen  of  the  east  for  a 
possession. 
And  they  shall  set  their  palaces  in  thee,  and  make  their  dwellings  in 
They  shall  eat  thy  fruit,  and  they  shall  drink  thy  milk.  [thee: 

^llz^p.'iu;     ^  A"^  ^  ^^^^1  "^^^^®  Rabbah  'a  stable  for  camels, 
!*•  '         And  the  Ammonites  a  couching  place  for  flocks  ; 

And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
V""5^ze?'-2^*'        I^ecause  thou  *hast  clapped  thy  Ihands,  and  stamped  with  the  *feet, 
15.  ■      '  ■  And  'rejoiced  in  theart  with  all  thy  despite  against  the  land  of  Israel; 

*Hlb.!wf'         ^  Behold,  therefore  I  will  stretch  out  my  hand  upon  thee, 
« Zep.  2."8, 10.  -^^^^^  ^^'^^  deliver  thee  for  ta  spoil  to  the  heathen  ; 

tHeb.  .s«u/.  And  I  will  cut  thee  off  from  the  people, 

I  Or,  meat.  ^,^^  j  ^^,jjj  pj^ygg  jj^^g  ^^  peHsh  out  of  the  countries: 

I  will  destroy  thee,  and  thou  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
'je'4ri*&r''        Because  that  '"Moab  and  Seir  do  say, 

Am.  2.'  i!     ■  "  liehold,  the  house  of  Judah  is  like  unto  all  the  heathen  ;  " 

'ofMofr^''"'      ^  Therefore,  behold,  I  will  o])en  the  *side  of  Moab  from  the  cities, 

From  his  cities  which  are  on  his  frontiers,  the  glory  of  the  country, 
Beth-jeshimoth,  Baal-meon.  and  Kiriathaim, 


Part  IV]  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  TYRE.  1007 

^or,a<rav,stihe    10  Uiito  the  111011  of  the  east  twith  the  Ammonites, 

chiUrenof^m-  ^^^^   ^^.jj  ^.^^   ^j.^^^^^   j^^   pOSSCSsioil, 

That  the  Ammonites  may  not  be  remembered  among  the  nations. 
11  And  I  will  execute  judgments  upon  Moab ; 
And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

1-  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Because  "tiiat  Edom  hath   dealt  against  the  house  of  Judah   tby 

taking  vengeance, 
And  hath  greatly  offended,  and  revenged  himself  upon  them  ; 
X  Heb.  btj  reveng-  1^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God 


rt2Ch.28.  17. 
Ps.  137.  7.  Je. 
49.  7,  &.C.  Am. 
1.  11.  Ob.  10, 


16,  17. 


Je.  25.  20.  &47. 
1,  &c.  Joel  3.  4, 
&.C.  Am.  1.  6. 


mfnt!""'""  I  will  also  Stretch  out  my  hand  upon  Edom, 

And  will  cut  off  man  and  beast  from  it ; 

And  I  will  make  it  desolate  from  Teman, 
*  Or,  theij  shall  Aud  *they  of  Dedan  shall  fall  by  the  sword. 

ul%'eda,r^  14  And  "I  will  lay  my  vengeance  upon  Edom  by  the  hand  of  my  people 

oSee  Is.  U.  14.  Tcrnt>l  • 

Je.  49.2.  1  Mac.  ISfdei  ,  ,  j- 

5. 3. 2  Mac.  10.        And  they  shall  do  in  Edom  according  to  mine  anger  and  accordmg 
to  my  fury, 

And  they  shall  know  my  vengeance,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
1^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
y  2  ch.  28. 18.^^        Bccause  ''the  Philistines  have  dealt  by  revenge. 

And  have  taken  vengeance  with  a  despiteful  heart, 

To  destroy  it  tfor  the  old  hatred  ; 
'uai)w.tred.  ''      16  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Behold,  I  will  stretch  out  my  hand  upon  the  Philistines, 

And  I  will  cut  off  the  Cherethims, 
X  Ox,  haven  of  the       And  dcstroy  the  remnant  of  the  tsea  coasts. 

^'"-  17  An(i  I  ^viii  execute  great  *vengeance  upon  them  with  furious  rebukes ; 
gelnces. '  And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 
When  I  shall  lay  my  vengeance  upon  them.'  " 

SECT.  II.  Section  IL — EzeJciel  prophesies  the  Destruction  of  Tyre. 

EzEKiEL  xxvi.  to  xxviii. 

Tynis,for  insulting  against  Jerusalem,,  is  threatcmd.  7  The  poiver  of  Nebuchadrezzar  against  her. 
15  The  mmirning  and  astonishment  of  the  sea  at  her  fall.  —  Chap,  xxvii.  1  The  rich  supply  of 
Tyrus.  26  The  great  and  unrecoverable  fall  thereof — Chap,  xxviii.  1  God's  judgment  upon  tlie 
prince  of  Txjnis  for  his  sacrilegious  pride.  1 1  A  lamentation  of  his  great  glory  con-vpted  by  sin. 
20  The  judgment  of  Zidon.     24  The  restoration  of  Israel. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  eleventh  year,  in'  the  first  day  of  the 
month,  that  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, — 
*22&47:4.^Am:       ^  Sou  of  man  !  "because  that  Tyrus  hath  said  against  Jerusalem, 
1  9.  Zee.  9. 2.         u  Aha  !  shc  is  broken  that  was  the  gates  of  the  people, 
She  is  turned  unto  me, 

I  shall  be  replenished  now  she  is  laid  waste  ; " 
2  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Behold,  I  am  against  thee,  O  Tyrus  ! 
And  will  cause  many  nations  to  come  up  against  thee. 
As  the  sea  causeth  his  waves  to  come  up. 

4  And  they  shall  destroy  the  walls  of  Tyrus, 
And  break  down  her  towers  ; 

I  will  also  scrape  her  dust  from  her, 
And  make  her  like  the  top  of  a  rock. 

5  It  shall  be  a  place  for  the  spreading  of  nets  in  the  midst  of  the  sea  : 
For  I  have  spoken  it,  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

And  it  shall  become  a  spoil  to  tiie  nations. 
*  And  her  daughters  which  are  in  the  field  shall  be  slain  by  the  sword  ; 
And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
'''  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 


1008 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  TYRE.     [Period  VII. 


6  Ezra  7.  12.  Da. 
2.37. 


*  Or,  pour  out  Iht 
engine  of  shot. 


]  Heb.  According 
to  the  enterings 
of  a  city  broken 
up. 


J  Heb.  houses  of 
thy  desire. 


e  Is.  14.  11.  &  24. 
8.  Je.  7.  34.  & 
16.  9.  &  25.  10. 

d  Is.  23.  J6.  Re. 
18.22. 


'  Heb.  tremblings. 


/Re.  18.  9. 

t  Heb.  of  the  seas. 


Behold,  I  will  bring  upon  Tyrus, 

Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon, 

A  'king  of  kings,  from  the  north, 

With  horses,  and  with  chariots, 

And  with  horsemen,  and  companies,  and  much  people. 
^  He  shall  slay  with  the  sword  thy  daughters  in  the  field  ; 

And  he  shall  make  a  fort  against  thee. 

And  *cast  a  mount  against  thee. 

And  lift  up  the  buckler  against  thee. 
^  And  he  shall  set  engines  of  war  against  thy  walls. 

And  with  his  axes  he  shall  break  down  thy  towers. 
^^  By  reason  of  the  abundance  of  his  horses  their  dust  shall  cover  thee  : 

Thy  walls  shall  shake  at  the  noise  of  the  horsemen, 

And  of  the  wheels,  and  of  the  chariots. 

When  he  shall  enter  into  thy  gates, 

tAs  men  enter  into  a  city  wherein  is  made  a  breach. 
^^  With  the  hoofs  of  his  horses  shall  he  tread  down  all  thy  streets ; 

He  shall  slay  thy  people  by  the  sword. 

And  thy  strong  garrisons  shall  go  down  to  the  ground. 
^2  And  they  shall  make  a  spoil  of  thy  riches. 

And  make  a  prey  of  thy  merchandise  ; 

And  they  shall  break  down  thy  walls, 

And  destroy  Uhy  pleasant  houses  ; 

And  they  shall  lay  thy  stones  and  thy  timber  and  thy  dust 

In  the  midst  of  the  water. 
13  And  1  will  cause  the  noise  of  "thy  songs  to  cease  ; 

And  the  sound  of  thy  harps  shall  be  no  more  heard. 
"  And  I  will  make  thee  like  the  top  of  a  rock  ; 

Thou  shalt  be  a  place  to  spread  nets  upon, 

Thou  shalt  be  built  no  more  ; 

For  T  the  Lord  have  spoken  it,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
15  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  to  Tyrus, 

Shall  not  the  isles  'shake  at  the  sound  of  thy  fall, 

When  the  wounded  cry. 

When  the  slaughter  is  made  in  the  midst  of  thee  ? 
16  Then  all  the  princes  of  the  sea  shall  come  down  from  their  thrones, 

And  lay  away  their  robes,  and  put  otT  their  broidered  garments  ; 

They  shall  clothe  themselves  with  *trembling  ; 

They  shall  sit  upon  the  ground. 

And'  shall  tremble  at  every  moment,  and  be  astonished  at  thee. 
1'^  And  they  shall  take  up  a  ^lamentation  for  thee,  and  say  to  thee, — 
How  art  thou  destroyed,  that  wast  inhabited  tof  seafaring  men, 
The  renowned  city,  which  wast  strong  in  the  sea, 
She  and  her  inhabitants. 

Which  cause  their  terror  to  be  on  all  that  haunt  it ! 
18  Now  shall  the  isles  tremble  in  the  day  of  thy  fall ; 

Yea,  the  isles  that  are  in  the  sea  shall  be  troubled  at  thy  departure. 
1^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

When  I  shall  make  thee  a  desolate  city. 

Like  the  cities  that  are  not  inhabited  ; 
When  I  shall  bring  up  the  deep  upon  thee, 
And  great  waters  shall  cover  thee  ; 
20  When  I  shall  bring  thee  down 

With  them  that  descend  into  the  pit,  with  the  people  of  old  time, 
And  shall  sot  thee  in  the  low  parts  of  the  earth. 
In  places  desolate  of  old. 


Part  IV,] 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  TYRE. 


1009 


X  Heb.  terrors. 


*  Heb.  perfect  of 

beauty. 
t  Heb.  heart. 

X  Heb.  bttUt. 


*  Or,  Tlieij  have 
made  thy  hatches 
oftvonj  iDcll  trod- 
den. Heb.  the 
dauirhtcr. 


t  Or,  Purple  and 
scarlet. 


X  Or,  stoppers  of 
chinks.  Heb. 
strengtitaiers. 


h  Ge.  10  "i. 

i  Re.  18   13. 
*  Or,  merchan- 
dise. 
j  Ge.  10.  3. 


t  Heb.  thy  works. 


X  Heb.  chryso- 
prase. 

k  1  Ki.  5.  9,  11. 
Ezra  3.  7.  Ac. 

12.  ao. 

*  Or,  rosin. 


With  them  that  go  down  to  the  pit,  that  thou  be  not  inhabited  ; 
And  I  shall  set  glory  in  the  land  of  the  living  ; 
21  I  will  make  thee  ta  terror — and  thou  shalt  be  no  more  : 

Though  thou  be  sought  for — yet  shalt  thou  never  be  found  again, 
Saith  the  Lord  God. 

1  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  again  unto  me,  say-    Ezekiel  xxvii. 
ing,  2  Now,  thou  son  of  man,  take  up  a  lamentation   for 
Tyrus  ;  ^  and  say  unto  Tyrus, — 

O  thou  that  art  situate  at  the  entry  of  the  sea, 
Which  art  a  merchant  of  the  people  for  many  isles, 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

O  Tyrus,  thou  hast  said,  "  I  am  *of  perfect  beauty." 
^  Thy  borders  are  in  the  tmidst  of  the  seas, 

Thy  builders  have  perfected  thy  beauty. 
^  They  have  tmade  all  thy  ship  boards  of  fir  trees  of  Senir  ; 

They  have  taken  cedars  from  Lebanon  to  make  masts  for  thee. 
^  Of  the  oaks  of  Bashan  have  they  made  thine  oars ; 
*The  company  of  the  Ashurites  have  made  thy  benches  of  ivory, 
Brought  out  of  the  isles  of  Chittim. 
"^  Fine  linen  with  broidered  work  from  Egypt 
Was  that  which  thou  spreadest  forth  to  be  thy  sail ; 
tBlue  and  purple  from  the  isles  of  Elishah 
Was  that  which  covered  thee. 

8  The  inhabitants  of  Zidon  and  Arvad  were  thy  mariners : 
Thy  wise  men,  O  Tyrus,  that  were  in  thee,  were  thy  pilots. 

9  The  ancients  of  Gebal  and  the  wise  men  thereof  were  in  thee  thy 

Icalkers  ; 

All  the  ships  of  the  sea  with  their  mariners  were  in  thee 

To  occupy  thy  merchandise. 
^^  Tiiey  of  Persia  and  of  Lud 

And  of  Phut  were  in  thine  army,  thy  men  of  war ; 

They  hanged  the  shield  and  helmet  in  thee  ; 

They  set  forth  thy  comeliness. 
'1  The  men  of  Arvad  with  thine  army  were  upon  thy  walls  round  about, 

And  the  Gammadims  were  in  thy  towers  ; 

They  hanged  their  shields  upon  thy  walls  round  about ; 

They  have  made  thy  beauty  perfect. 

12  Tarshish  ^was  thy  merchant  by  reason  of  the  multitude  of  all  kind 

of  riches  ; 
With  silver,  iron,  tin,  and  lead,  they  traded  in  thy  fairs. 

13  '■Javan,  Tubal,  and  Meshech,  they  were  thy  merchants  ; 

They  traded  "the  persons  of  men  and  vessels  of  brass  in  thy  *market. 

14  They  of  the  house  of^Togarmah  traded  in  thy  fairs 
With  horses  and  horsemen  and  mules. 

15  The  men  of  Dedan  were  thy  merchants  ; 
Many  isles  were  the  merchandise  of  thy  hand  ; 

They  brought  thee  for  a  present  horns  of  ivory  and  ebony. 

16  Syria  was  thy  merchant  by  reason  of  the  multitude  of  tthe  wares  of 

thy  making ; 

They  occupied  in  thy  fairs  with  emeralds,  purple,  and  broidered  work, 

And  fine  linen,  and  coral,  and  tagate. 
I''  Judah,  and  the  land  of  Israel,  they  were  thy  merchants  ; 

They  traded  in  thy  market  Svheat  of  Minnith,  and  Pannag, 

And  honey,  and  oil,  and  *balm. 
1^  Damascus\vas  thy  merchant  in  the  multitude  of  the  wares  of  thy 

For  the  multitude  of  all  riches  ;  [making, 

In  the  wine  of  Helbon,  and  white  wool. 

127  4g 


010 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  TYRE.     [Period  VH, 


t  Or,  McuzdL 


t  Heb.  elotXes  of 

freedum. 
*  Heb.  Oiey  were 

the  merchants  of 

thy  hand. 


X  Heb.  foldings. 


t  Heb.  heuH. 
•  Or,  waves. 


m  Ke.  18.  17,  &c. 


71  See  Job  a.  12. 

0  Est.  4.  1,  3.  Je. 

6.26. 
j»Je.  10.  6.  t  47 

5.  Mic.  1.  16. 


q  Re.  18.  18, 19. 


r  Jc.  1! 
tHeb. 

I      e  ..  sli..lt 
be  for  ever. 


^^  Dan  also  and  Javan  Agoing  to  and  fro  occupied  in  thy  fairs  ; 

Briglit  iron,  cassia,  and  calamus,  were  in  thy  market. 
'^^  Dedan  was  thy  merchant  in  tprecious  clothes  for  chariots. 
^^  Arabia,  and  all  the  princes  of  Kedar,  *lhey  occupied  with  thee 

In  lambs,  and  rams,  and  goats  ; 

In  these  were  they  thy  merchants. 
^■^  The  merchants  of  Sheba  and  Raamah,  they  were  thy  merchants ; 

They  occupied  in  thy  fairs  with  chief  of  all  spices. 

And  with  all  precious  stones,  and  gold. 
^  Haran.  and  Canneh,  and  Eden, 

The  merchants  of  Sheba,  Asshur.  and  Chilmad.  were  thv  merchants. 
^■*  These  were  thy  merchants  in  ^^all  sorts  of  things, 

In  blue  tclothes,  and  broidered  work. 

And  in  chests  of  rich  apparel,  bound  with  cords,  and  made  of  cedar, 

Among  thy  merchandise. 
^  The  ships  of  Tarshish  did  sing  of  thee  in  thy  market ; 

And  thou  wast  replenished. 

And  made  very  glorious  in  the  midst  of  the  seas. 
-^  Thy  rowers  have  brought  thee  into  great  Avaters ; 

The  east  wind  hath  broken  thee  in  the  *midst  of  the  .seas. 
^'  Thy  'riches,  and  thy  fairs. 

Thy  merchandise,  thy  mariners,  and  thy  pilots, 

Thy  calkers,  and  the  occupiers  of  thy  merchandise, 

And  all  thy  men  of  war,  that  are  in  thee, 

lAnd  in  all  thy  company  which  is  in  the  midst  of  thee, 

Shall  fall  into  the  tmidst  of  the  seas  in  the  day  of  thy  ruin. 
^^  The  "suburbs  shall  shake 

At  the  sound  of  the  cry  of  thy  pilots. 
^^  And  "'all  that  handle  the  oar. 

The  mariners,  and  all  the  pilots  of  the  sea, 

Shall  come  down  from  their  ships, 

They  shall  stand  upon  the  land  ; 
^^  And  shall  cause  their  voice  to  be  heard  against  thee. 

And  shall  cry  bitterly. 

And  shall  "cast  up  dust  u|)on  their  heads. 

They  "shall  wallow  themselves  in  the  aslies  ; 
^^  And  they  shall  ^make  themselves  utterly  bald  for  thee, 

And  gird  them  with  sackcloth, 

And  they  shall  weep  for  thee  with  bitterness  of  heart  and  bitter 
wailing. 
^  And  in  their  wailing  they  shall  take  up  a  lamentation  for  thee, 

And  lament  over  thee,  saving, — 
What  'city  is  like  Tyrus.  ' 
Like  the  destroyed  in  the  midst  of  the  sea? 
^  AVhen  tiiy  wares  went  forth  out  of  the  seas, 

Thou  filledst  many  people  ; 

Thou  didst  enrich  the  kings  of  the  earth 

With  the  multitude  of  tliy  riches  and  of  thy  merchandise. 
^  In  the  time  when  thou  shalt  be  broken 

By  the  seas  in  the  depths  of  the  waters. 

Thy  merchandise  and  all  thy  company  in  the  midst  of  thee  shall  fall. 
^^  All  the  inhabitants  of  the  isles  shall  be  astonished  at  thee. 

And  their  kings  shall  be  sore  afraid. 

They  siiall  be  troubled  in  tlicir  countenance. 
^^  The  merchants  among  the  jicople  "^shall  hiss  at  thee  ; 

Thou  shalt  be  +a  terror — and  !never  shalt  be  any  more. 

'  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  again  unto  me,  saying,  EzekielxxvuI. 


Part  IV,] 


*  Heb.  heart. 


,  Zee.  9.  2. 


t  Heb.  By  the 
greatness  of  thy 
wisdom.  Ps.  62. 
10.  Ze.  9.  3. 


t  Or,  XDonndeth. 


*  Or,  niby. 

t  Or,  chrysolite. 

J  Or,  chryau- 


t  See  Ex.  25.  20< 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  DESTRUCTION  OF  TYRE.      101 1 

~  Son  of  man  !  say  unto  the  prince  of  Tyrus, — 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Because  thy  heart  is  Ufted  up,  and  thou  hast  said,  "  I  am  a  god, 
I  sit  in  the  seat  of  God,  in  the  *midst  of  the  seas  ;  " 
(Yet  thou  art  a  man,  and  not  God, 
Though  thou  set  thy  heart  as  the  heart  of  God  ;) 

3  Behold,  'thou  art  wiser  than  Daniel, 

There  is  no  secret  that  they  can  hide  from  thee  ; 

4  With  thy  wisdom  and  with  thine  understanding  thou  hast  gotten  thee 
And  hast  gotten  gold  and  silver  into  thy  treasures  ;  [riches, 

5  tBy  thy  great  wisdom  and  by  thy  traffic  hast  thou  increased  thy 
And  thy  heart  is  lifted  up  because  of  thy  riches  ;  [riches, 

6  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Because  thou  hast  set  thy  heart  as  the  heart  of  God ; 

7  Behold,  therefore  I  will  bring  strangers  upon  thee, 

(The  terrible  of  the  nations  ;)  r   ,        •  j 

And  they  shall  draw  their  swords  against  the  beauty  of  thy  wisdom, 
And  they  shall  defile  thy  brightness. 

8  They  shall  bring  thee  down  to  the  pit, 
And  thou  shalt  die  the  deaths  of  them 

That  are  slain  in  the  midst  of  the  seas.  r^   a-.,, 

9  Wilt  thou  yet  say  before  him  that  slayeth  thee,  "I  am  God  ? 
But  thou  shalt  be  a  man,  and  no  God, 

In  the  hand  of  him  that  tslayeth  thee.  l      u     u     j    r 

10  Thou  shalt  die  the   deaths  of  the   uncircumcised  by  the  hand  ol 

For  I  have  spoken  it,  saith  the  Lord  God.  [strangers ; 

11  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,      feon 
of  man  !  take  up  a  lamentation  upon  the  king  of  Tyrus,  and  say  unto 
him.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, — 
Thou  sealest  up  the  sum, 

Full  of  wisdom,  and  perfect  in  beauty. 
"  Thou  hast  been  in  Eden  the  garden  of  God  ; 

Every  precious  stone  was  thy  covering, 

The  *sardius,  topaz,  and  the  diamond, 

The  tberyl,  the  onyx,  and  the  jasper. 

The  sapphire,  the  temerald,  and  the  carbuncle : 

And   gold   the  workmanship   of  thy  tabrets  and  of  thy  pipes  was 

In  the  day  that  thou  wast  created.  [prepared  in  thee 

1"  Thou  art  the  anointed  'cherub  that  covereth  ; 

And  I  have  set  thee  so :  thou  wast  upon  the  holy  mountain  of  God ; 

Thou  hast  walked  up  and  down  in  the  midst  of  the  stones  of  fire. 

15  Thou  wast  perfect  in  thy  ways  from  the  day  that  thou  wast  created, 
Till  iniquity  was  found  in  thee. 

16  By  the  multitude  of  thy  merchandise  they  have  filled  the  midst  ot  thee 

with  violence. 
And  thou  hast  sinned,  therefore  I  will  cast  thee  (as  profane)  out  ot 

the  mountain  of  God  ; 
And  I  will  destroy  thee.  O  covering  cherub,  from  the   midst  of  the 

stones  of  fire. 

17  Thy  heart  was  lifted  up  because  of  thy  beauty. 

Thou  hast  corrupted  thy  wisdom  by  reason  of  thy  brightness : 

I  will  cast  thee  to  the  ground, 

I  will  lay  thee  before  kings,  that  they  may  behold  thee. 

18  Thou  hast  defiled  thy  sanctuaries 

By  the  multitude  of  thine  iniquities,  by  the  iniquity  of  thy  traffic ; 
Therefore  will  I  bring  forth  a  fire  from   the   midst   of  thee,  it   shall 
devour  thee, 


1012 


EZEKIEL'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  EGYPT.         [Pkiuud  VIL 


u  la.  23.  4,  1-2.  Je. 


V  Nil.  .M.  55. 
Jos.  23.  13. 


t  Or,  with  confi- 
dence. Je.  23.  6. 

y  Is.  65.  21.  Am. 
9.  14. 

zJe.  31.  5. 

X  Or,  spoil. 


A.  M.  3417. 
B.  C.  587. 


'  Or,  dragon. 


And  I  will  bring  thee  to  ashes  upon  the  earth 

In  the  sight  of  all  them  that  behold  thee. 
^^  All  they  that  know-  thee  among  the  people  shall  be  astonished  at  thee : 

Thou  shalt  be  *a  terror — and  never  shalt  thou  be  any  more. 

^"  Again  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  ^^  Son  of 
man  !  set  thy  face  "against  Zidon,  and  prophesy  against  it,  ^=^  and  say, — 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Behold,  T  am  against  thee,  O  Zidon ! 

And  I  will  be  glorified  in  the  midst  of  thee ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

When  I  shall  have  executed  judgments  in  her, 

And  shall  be  sanctified  in  her. 
"•^  For  I  will  send  into  her  pestilence,  and  blood  into  her  streets ; 

And  the  wounded  shall  be  judged  in  the  midst  of  her 

By  the  sword  upon  her  on  every  side  ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

-^  And  there  shall  be  no  more  ""a  pricking  brier  unto  the  house  of 
Israel, 

Nor  any  grieving  thorn  of  all  that  are  round  about  them,  that  de- 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  God.  [spised  them  ; 

^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

When  I  shall  have  ""gathered  the  house  of  Israel 

From  the  people  among  whom  they  are  scattered. 

And  shall  be  sanctified  in  them  in  the  sight  of  the  heathen. 

Then  shall  they  dwell  in  their  land  that  I  have  given  to  my  servant 
2^  And  they  shall  dwell  fsafely  therein,  [Jacob. 

And  shall  ^build  houses,  and  'plant  vineyards ; 

Yea,  they  shall  dwell  with  confidence, 

When  I  have  executed  judgments 

Upon  all  those  that  Idespise  them  round  about  them  ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  their  God. 

Sectiox    III. — Ezekiel's  Prophecy  agai7ist  Egypt. 
EzEKiEL  xxxii.  1-16. (^) 

^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  twelfth  year,  in  the  twelfth  month,  in 
the  first  day  of  the  month,  that  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me, 
saying,  ^  Son  of  man  !  take  up  a  lamentation  for  Pharaoh  king  of 
Egypt,  and  say  unto  him, — 

Thou  art  like  a  young  lion  of  the  nations, 

And  thou  art  as  a  *whale  in  the  seas  ; 

And  thou  camest  forth  with  thy  rivers. 

And  tioubledst  the  waters  with  thy  feet,  and  fouledst  their  rivers. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

I  will  therefore  spread  out  my  net  over  thee 

With  a  company  of  many  people  ; 

And  they  shall  bring  thee  up  in  my  net. 
"*  Then  will  I  leave  thee  upon  the  land, 

I  will  cast  thee  fortli  upon  the  open  field. 

And  will  cause  all  the  fowls  of  the  heaven  to  remain  upon  thee. 

And  I  will  fill  the  beasts  of  the  whole  earth  with  thee. 
^  And  I  will  lay  thy  fiesh  upon  the  mountains, 

And  fill  the  valleys  with  thy  height. 


{^)  The  two  predictions  in  this  chapter  were 
delivered  at  different  times  after  the  capture  of 
Jerusalem;  compare  ver.  1.  with  17.  By  "the 
waters,"  in  ver.  2,  are  si<rnified  the  iieijrhbouring 
kingdoms,  whose  peace  was  disturbed  by  the 
Egyptian  monarch  ;  compare  ver.  7,  8,  with  chap, 
xxxi.  15.     God's  judgments  upon  particular  coun- 


tries being  earnests  of  a  general  judgment,  they 
are  described  in  such  terms,  as  if  the  whole  frame 
of  nature  were  dissolved.  The  desolation  spoken 
of  in  ver.  13,  was  to  last  forty  years,  see  chap,  xxi.x. 
11  ;  when  their  neighbours  would  enjoy  such  quiet- 
ness as  a  river  does  that  is  never  ruffled,  ver.  14. 


Part  IV.] 


I  Or,  the  land  of 
tkij  swiiniiiing. 


J  Or,  ertinguisii. 

a  Is.  13.  10.  Joel 

2.  31.  &  3.  15. 

Am.  8.  9.  Re. 

6.  12,  13.  Mat. 

24.  29. 
•  Heb.  light  of 

the  light  ill  heav- 

\  Heb.  them  dark. 
\  Heb.  provoke  to 
anger,  or,  grief. 


♦  Heb.  desolate 

from  the  fulness 

thereof. 
c  Ex.  7.  5.  &  14. 

4,18.  Ps.  9.  16. 
d2Sa.  1.  17. 

2  Ch.  35.  25. 


.  M.   3417. 
3.  C.  587. 


EZEIvIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  JUDGMENT  OF  EGYPT.         1013 

^  I  will  also  water  with  thy  blood  tthe  land  wherein  thou  swimmest, 

Even  to  the  mountains  ; 

And  the  rivers  shall  be  full  of  thee. 
^  And  when  I  shall  tput  thee  out, 

I  ''will  cover  the  heaven,  and  make  the  stars  thereof  dark ; 

I  will  cover  the  sun  with  a  cloud, 

And  the  moon  shall  not  give  her  light. 

8  All  the  *bright  lights  of  heaven  will  I  make  tdark  over  thee, 
And  set  darkness  upon  thy  land,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

9  I  will  also  \\ex  the  hearts  of  many  people. 

When  I  shall  bring  thy  destruction  among  the  nations, 
Into  the  countries  which  thou  hast  not  known. 
10  Yea,  I  will  make  many  people  amazed  at  thee. 
And  their  kings  shall  be  horribly  afraid  for  thee, 
When  I  shall  brandish  my  sword  before  them  ; 
And  they  shall  tremble   at  every  moment,  every  man  for  his  own 
life,  in  the  day  of  thy  fall. 
11  For  Hhus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
The  sword  of  the  king  of  Babylon  shall  come  upon  thee. 

12  By  the  swords  of  the  mighty  will  I  cause  thy  multitude  to  fall, 
The  terrible  of  the  natio'ns,  all  of  them  ; 

And  they  shall  spoil  the  pomp  of  Egypt, 

And  all  the  multitude  thereof  shall  be  destroyed. 

13  I  will  destroy  also  all  the  beasts  thereof 
From  beside  the  great  waters  ; 

Neither  shall  the  foot  of  man  trouble  them  any  more, 

Nor  the  hoofs  of  beasts  trouble  them. 
I'*  Then  will  I  make  their  waters  deep, 

And  cause  their  rivers  to  run  like  oil,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
15  When  I  shall  make  the  land  of  Egypt  desolate, 

And  the  country  shall  be  *destitute  of  that  whereof  it  was  full. 

When  I  shall  smite  all  them  that  dwell  therein, 

Then  'shall  they  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

16  This  is  the  iamentation  wherewith  they  shall  lament  her  ; 

The  daughters  of  the  nations  shall  lament  her  ; 

They  shall  lament  for  her,  even  for  Egypt, 

And  for  all  her  multitude,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

Section  lY.—Ezekiel  prophesies  the  Final  Judgment  of  Egypt. 
'  EzEKiEL  x.x.xii.  17,  to  the  end.f^s) 

17  It  came   to  pass   also   in  the  twelfth   year,  in  the   fifteenth  day 
of  the  month,  that  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,— 
18  Son  of  man  !   wail  for  the  multitude  of  Egypt,  and  cast  them 
down. 
Even  her,  and  the  daughters  of  the  famous  nations. 
Unto  the  nether  parts  of  the  earth,  with   them  that  go   down  mto 
19  Whom  dost  thou  pass  in  beauty  ?                                          [the  pit. 
Go  down,  and  be  thou  laid  with  the  uncircumcised. ^ 

called  Tibareni,  and  Moschi,  (the  sons  of  Japhet, 
Gen.  X.  2,  situated  towards  Mount  Caucasus,  and 
the  Euxine  Sea)  ;  the  Edomites,  "  her  kings  and 
all  her  princes,"  whose  destruction  is  foretold  by 
Ezekiel,chap.  xxv.l2;  "  The  princes  of  the  north,"' 
the  Tyrians  and  their  allies,  chap.  xxvi.  16;  joined 
with  the  Zidonians  their  neighbours,  are  all  repre- 
sented as  assembled  in  this  invisible  state,  and  laid 
in  the  midst  of  the  uncircumcised  ;  "  all  of  them 
slain,  fallen  by  the  sword,  which  caused  terror  in 
the  land  of  the  living." 


(39)  The  imagery  of  the  latter  part  of  this  chap- 
ter, from  verse  17,  is  sublime  and  terrible.  Bishop 
Lowth  remarks  that  Ezekiel  has  here  described  the 
same  scene,  with  all  the  same  circumstances,  as 
Isaiah  in  chap.  xiv.  "  Hell,"  in  verse  21,  signifies 
the  state  of  the  dead ;  where  the  deceased  tyrants 
are  represented  as  coming  to  meet  the  king  of  Egypt 
with  his  auxiliaries  (see  chap.  xxx.  S,)  upon  their 
arrival  at  the  same  place.  The  Assyrians,  both 
kino-  and  people,  whose  destruction  is  represented, 
chap.  xxxi. ;  the  Persians,  conquered  by  Nebuchad- 
nezzar, Jer.  xlix.  34  ;  the  Scythians,  and  the  people 
VOL.    I. 


4g^ 


1014 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  JUDGMENT  OF  EGYPT.     [Period  Vil. 


'  Or,  The  sword 


t  Or,  dismaying. 


J  Heb.  vjilh  tceap- 
ons  of  their  war. 


*  Heb.  givm,  or, 
put. 


'^^  They  shall  fall  in  the  midst  of  them  that  are  slain  by  the  sword ; 

*She  is  delivered  to  the  sword  ;  draw  her  and  all  her  multitudes. 
-^  The  strong  among  the  mighty  shall  speak  to  him 

Out  of  the  midst  of  hell  with  them  that  help  him  : 

They  are  gone  down,  they  lie  uncircumcised,  slain  by  the  sword. 
■^~  Asshur  is  there  and  all  her  company ; 

His  graves  are  about  him  ; 

All  of  them  slain,  fallen  by  the  sword: 
^•'  Whose  graves  are  set  in  the  sides  of  the  pit, 

And  her  company  is  round  about  her  grave ; 

All  of  them  slain,  fallen  by  the  sword. 

Which  caused  tterror  in  tiie  land  of  the  living. 

-^  There  is  Elam  and  all  her  multitude  round  about  her  grave, 

All  of  them  slain,  fallen  by  the  sword, 

Which  are  gone  down  uncircumcised  into  the  nether  parts   of  the 
earth, 

Which  caused  their  terror  in  the  land  of  the  living  ; 

Yet  have  they  borne  their  shame  with  them  that  go  down  to  the  pit. 
2°  They  have  set  her  a  bed  in  the  midst  of  the  slain 

With  all  her  multitude  ; 

Her  graves  are  round  about  him  ; 

All  of  them  uncircumcised,  slain  by  the  sword  : 

Though  their  terror  was  caused  in  the  land  of  the  living, 

Yet  have  they  borne  their  shame  with  them  that  go  down  to  the  pit ; 

He  is  put  in  the  midst  of  them  that  be  slain. 

26  There  is  Meshech,  Tubal,  and  all  her  multitude  ; 

Her  graves  are  round  about  him  ; 

All  of  them  uncircumcised,  slain  by  the  sword. 

Though  they  caused  their  terror  in  the  land  of  the  living. 
2^  And  they  shall  not  lie  with  the  mighty 

That  are  fallen  of  the  uncircumcised, 

Which  are  gone  down  to  hell  twith  their  weapons  of  war ; 

And  they  have  laid  their  swords  under  their  heads. 

But  their  iniquities  shall  be  upon  their  bones, 

Though  they  were  the  terror  of  the  mighty  in  the  land  of  the  living. 
-^  Yea,  thou  shalt  be  broken  in  the  midst  of  the  uncircumcised, 

And  shalt  lie  with  them  that  are  slain  with  the  sword. 
^^  There  is  Edom,  her  kings,  and  all  her  princes. 

Which  with  their  might  are  *laid  by  them   that  were  slain  by  the 
sword  ; 

They  shall  lie  with  the  uncircumcised. 

And  with  them  that  go  down  to  the  pit. 
^^  There  be  the  princes  of  the  North, 

All  of  them,  and  all  the  Zidonians, 

Which  are  gone  down  with  the  slain  ; 

With  their  terror  they  are  ashamed  of  their  might ; 

And  they  lie  uncircumcised  with  them  that  be  slain  by  the  sword, 

And  bear  their  shame  with  them  that  go  down  to  the  pit. 
^^  Pharaoh  shall  see  them. 

And  shall  be  comforted  over  all  his  multitude, 

Even  Pharaoh  and  all  his  army. 

Slain  by  the  sword,'  saith  the  Lord  God. 
^^  For  I  have  caused  my  terror  in  the  land  of  the  living  ; 

And  he  shall  be  laid  in  the  midst  of  the  uncircumcised 

With  them  that  are  slain  with  the  sword, 

Even  Pharaoh  and  all  his  multitude,  saith  the  Lord  God. 


EZEKIEL'S  APPEAL  TO  TPIE  CAPTIVES  IN  BABYLON.      1015 


SECT.    V. 


A.  M.   3417. 
B.  C.  587. 


*  Heb.  A  land 
when  I  bring  a 
sword  iipoit  her. 


t  Heb.  he  that 
hearing  heareOi. 


a  So  Is.  49.  14. 
Ez.  37.  11. 


6  2Sa.  14.14. 
2  Pe.  3.  9. 


c  Ez.  3.  20.  & 
24,  26,  27. 


d2Ch.  7.  14. 


Skction  v. — Ezekid's  Appeal  to  the  Captives  in  Babylon. 
EzEKiEL  xxxiii.  l-20.(«) 
According  to  the  duty  of  a  walchman,  in  vmrning  the  people,  1  Ezekiel  is  admonished  of  his  duty. 
ToS  shZeTh  tie  justice  of  his  ways  towards  the  penitent,  and  tarvards  revolters.     17  //.  vuun- 
tuintth  his  justice. 

1  Again  the  word  of  the   Lord  came  unto  me,  saymg,    Son  ot 
man  !   speak  to  the  children  of  tliy  people,  and  say  unto  them, — 

*When  I  bring  the  sword  upon  a  land, 
If  the  people  of  the  land  take  a  man  of  their  coasts, 
And  set  him  for  their  watchman, 

3  If  when  he  seeth  the  sword  come  upon  the  land. 
He  blow  the  trumpet,  and  warn  the  people  ; 

4  Then  f  whosoever  heareth  the  sound  of  the  trumpet,  and  taketh  not 
If  the  sword  come,  and  take  him  away,  [warning, 
His  blood  shall  be  upon  his  own  head. 

5  He  heard  the  sound  of  the  trumpet,  and  took  not  warning ; 
His  blood  shall  be  upon  him. 

But  he  that  taketh  warning  shall  deliver  Ins  soul. 

6  But  if  the  watchman  see  the  sword  come. 

And  blow  not  the  trumpet,  and  the  people  be  not  warned  ; 
If  the  sword  come,  and  take  any  person  from  among  them, 
He  is  taken  away  in  his  iniquity  ; 
But  his  blood  will  I  require  at  the  watchman's  hand. 

">  So  thou,  O  son  of  man  ! 
I  have  set  thee  a  watchman  unto  the  house  of  Israel ; 
Therefore  thou  shalt  hear  the  word  at  my  mouth,  and  warn  them 
from  me.  i    j-    i 

8  When  I  say  unto  the  wicked,  O  wicked  man,  thou  shalt  surely  die  ! 
If  thou  dost  not  speak  to  warn  the  wicked  from  his  way, 

That  wicked  man  shall  die  in  his  iniquity  ; 
But  his  blood  will  I  require  at  thy  hand. 

9  Nevertheless,  if  thou  warn  the  wicked  of  his  way  to  turn  Irom  it ; 
If  he  do  not  turn  from  his  way,  he  shall  die  in  his  iniquity  ; 

But  thou  hast  delivered  thy  soul.  .  t       i 

10  Therefore,  O  thou  son  of  man,  speak  unto  the  house  ot  Israel ; 
Thus  ye  speak,  saying, — 

"  If  our  transcrressions  and  our  sins  be  upon  us,  and  we  pine  away 
How  "should  we  then  live  ?  "  ['"  them, 

'  Say  unto  them.  As  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God, 
I  ''have  no  pleasure  in  the  death  of  the  wicked  ; 
But  that  the  wicked  turn  from  his  way  and  live- 
Turn  ye,  turn  ye  from  your  evil  ways  ; 
For  why  will  ye  die,  O  house  of  Israel  ? 

12  Therefore,  thou  son  of  man,  say  unto  the  children  of  thy  people, 
The  'righteousness  of  the  righteous  shall  not  deliver  him 
In  the  day  of  his  transgression  :             „       ,    „          .„  .u      u 
As  for  the  wickedness  of  the  wicked,  "he  shall  not  fall  thereby 
In  the  day  that  he  turneth  from  his  wickedness  ; 
Neither  shall  the  righteous  be  able  to  live  for  his  righteousness 
In  the  day  that  he  sinneth.                ,       ,       ,    „         ,    v 
13  When  I  shall  say  to  the  righteous,  that  he  shall  surely  live  ; 

for  this  opinion  :  and  from  examining  tlie  contents 
of  the  prophecy,  we  may  conclude,  that  the  prophet 
might  as  justly  be  called  a  watchman  to  the  people 
after,  as  before  the  captivity  ;  and  the  reasonmsr  is 


C^o)  This  part  of  chap,  xxxiii.  is  inserted  here,  as 
it  is  placed  in  the  sacred  text  immediately  after 
the  thirty-second ;  and  I  see  no  reason  to  alter 
its  arrangement.  Archbishop  Newcome  observes, 
'^that  Ezekiel  certainly  uttered  the  prediction 
contained  in  this  chapter  (ver.  W2\)  before^  .Jeru- 
salem was  taken,  but  how  long  is  uncertam.  1  he 
learned  prelate,  however,  has  not  given  his  reason 
VOL.    I. 


as  perfectly  applicable  (perhnps  more  applicable) 
to  the  Jewish  church  in  Babylon,  as  if  they  had  re- 
mained in  their  own  country. 

4  A* 


1016 


EZEKIEL  DENOUNCES  GOD'S  ANGER  [Period  VII. 


J  Ueb.judpncnt 
and  justice. 

eEx.  22.  1,4. 

he.  6.  a,  4,  5. 

Nu.  5.  6,  7. 

Lu.  19.  8. 
/Le.  18.  5. 


If  he  trust  to  his  own  righteousness,  and  commit  iniquity, 

All  his  righteousness  shall  not  be  remembered  ; 

But  for  his  iniquity  that  he  hath  committed,  he  shall  die  for  it, 
^^  Again,  when  I  say  unto  the  wicked,  Thou  shalt  surely  die  ; 

If  he  turn  from  his  sin,  and  do  tthat  which  is  lawful  and  right ; 
'^  If  the  wicked  restore  the  pledge, 

Give  'again  that  he  had  robbed. 

Walk  in  -^the  statutes  of  life,  without  committing  iniquity ; 

He  shall  surely  live,  he  shall  not  die. 
^^  None  of  his  sins  that  he  hath  committed  shall  be  mentioned  unto  him  : 

He  hath  done  that  which  is  lawful  and  right ;  he  shall  surely  live. 
^"^  Yet  the  children  of  thy  people  say,  "  The  way  of  the  Lord  is 

But  as  for  them,  their  way  is  not  equal.  [not  equal ;  " 

^^  When  the  righteous  turneth  from  his  righteousness, 

And  committeth  iniquity, 

He  shall  even  die  thereby. 
^^  But  if  the  wicked  turn  from  his  wickedness, 

And  do  that  which  is  lawful  and  right. 

He  shall  live  thereby. 
^'^  Yet  ye  say,  "  The  way  of  the  Lord  is  not  equal." 

O  ye  house  of  Israel,  I  will  judge  you  every  one  after  his  ways. 


Section  VI. — Ezekiel  proceeds  to  denounce  the  Anger  of  God  on  the  Gov- 
ernors of  the  Jews,  who  had  deceived  the  People  to  their  Riiiji ; — He  then 
predicts  the  Restoration  of  the  Jews  to  Jerusalem,  and  the  ultifnate  Happi- 
ness of  Christ's  Kingdom. 

Ezekiel  xxxiv.  to  xxxvii.(^') 

A  reproof  of  the  shepherds.     7  God's  judgment  against  them.     11  His  providence  for  his  flock.     20 
The  kingdom  of  Christ.  —  Chap.  xxxv.  1  The  judgment  of  Mount  Seir  for  their  hatred  of  Israel. 
"'  .   -   ™.     .      .     ^j^^ 


a  Je.  a-?.  1.  Zee 
11.  17. 

6  Is.  56.  11. 

c  Mic.  3.  1-,1. 
Zee.  11.5. 
dZec.  11.  IC. 


e  Lu.  15.  4. 
/  I  Pe.  5.  3. 
g  1  Ki.  22.  17. 

iMat.  9.  36. 
*  Or,  without  a 

skeplieril,  unil  so 


—  Chap,  xxxvi.  1  The  land  of  Israel  is  i 


iforted.both  hy  destruction  of  the  heathen,  who  spiteful/if 
■o?nised  unto  it.     16  Israel  was  rejected  for  their  sin. 


■used  it,  8  and  by  the  blessings  of  God  pi 

21  and  shall  be  restored  ivithout  their  desert.  25  The  hlessincrs  of  Christ's  kingdom.  —  Chap 
xxxvii.  1  Bij  the  resurrection  of  dry  bones,  11  the  dead  hope  of  Israel  is  rerived.  15  By  the  unit- 
ing of  two  sticks,  13  is  showed  the  incorporation  of  Israel  into  Judah.  20  The  promises  of 
Christ's  kingdom. 

^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  ^  Son  of  man  ! 
prophesy  against  the  shepherds  of  Israel,  prophesy,  and  say  unto  them, 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  unto  the  shepherds, — 

Woe  "be  to  the  shepherds  of  Israel  that  do  feed  themselves  ! 
Should  not  the  shepherds  feed  the  flocks  ? 
^  Ye  ^eat  the  fat,  and  ye  clothe  you  with  the  wool, 

Ye  "kill  them  that  are  fed ;  but  ye  feed  not  the  flock. 
^  The  ''diseased  have  ye  not  strengthened, 
Neither  have  ye  healed  that  which  was  sick. 
Neither  have  ye  bound  up  that  which  was  broken. 
Neither  have  ye  brought  again  that  which  was  driven  away, 
Neither  have  ye  'sought  that  which  was  lost ; 
But  with  ^force  and  with  cruelty  have  ye  ruled  them, 
^  And  they  were  ^scattered,  **because  there  is  no  shepherd  ; 
And  ''they  became  meat  to  all  the  beasts  of  the  field,  when  they  were 
scattered.  [hill  ; 

^  My  sheep  wandered  through  all  the  mountains,  and  upon  every  high 

announces  the  g-eneral  restoration  of  the  Jews,  and 
their  consetjuenl  happiness.  The  same  subject  is 
illustr:ited  in  cliapter  xxxvii.  l-lo.  under  the  vision 
of  a  resurrection  of  dry  bones ;  which  many  com- 
mentators have  considered  as  remotely  alluding  to 
the  jreneral  resurrection  :  under  the  union  of  two 
sticks  (ver.  16,  to  the  end)  is  foretold  the  union  of 
Lsrael  and  .Tudah  into  one  state  and  church  under 
tlie  Messiah. — Home's  Crit.  Introd. 


(•")  In  chapter  xxxiv.  God  reproves  the  conduct 
of  the  governors  of  the  Jewish  people,  ver.  1-11  ; 
and  promises,  under  tlie  symbol  of  a  shepherd,  to 
provide  for  them  himself  He  promises  to  restore 
them  to  their  own  land  under  the  Messiah,  under 
whose  reign  their  happiness  is  beautifully  described. 
Chapter  xxxv.  repeats  the  prophet's  former  denun- 
ciations against  the  Edomites  (see  chap.  xxv.  12,) 
as  a  just  punishment  for  their  insults  to  the  Jews 
during  their  calamities.     The  thirty-sixth  ch.ipter 


p^RT   IV.]  ON  THE  GOVERNORS  OF  THE  JEWS.  1017 

Yea,  my  flock  was  scattered  upon  all  the  face  of  the  earth, 
And  none  did  search  or  seek  after  them. 

'  Therefore,  ye  shepherds,  hear  the  word  of  the  Loud  ! 
^  As  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Surely  because  my  flock  became  a  prey, 
And  my  flock  became  meat  to  every  beast  of  the  field. 
Because  there  was  no  shepherd,  neither  did  my  shepherds  search 

for  my  flock. 
But  the  shepherds  fed  themselves,  and  fed  not  my  flock  ; 
9  Therefore,  O  ye  shepherds,  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  ! 
i«  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Behold,  I  am  against  the  shepherds  ; 
iHeb.  13. 17.  And  'I  will  require  my  flock  at  their  hand. 

And  cause  them  to  cease  from  feeding  the  flock ; 
Neither  shall  the  shepherds  feed  themselves  any  more  ; 
For  I  will  deliver  my  flock  from  their  mouth, 
That  they  may  not  be  meat  for  them. 

1'  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Behold,  I,  even  I,  will  both  search  my  sheep,  and  seek  them  out. 
tHeb.  According  ^^  tAs  a  shcphcrd  seeketh  out  his  flock 
to  the  seeking.  j^^  ^j^^  ^^^  ^j^^^  ^^  jg  auioug  his  shccp  that  are  scattered  ; 

So  will  I  seek  out  my  sheep, 

And  will  deliver  them  out  of  all  places  where  they  have  been  seat- 
In  the  cloudy  and  dark  day.  [tered 
j  19.65. 9, 10.       13  And  ^I  will  bring  them  out  from  the  people, 

je.23.3.  ^j^j  gather  them  from  the  countries, 

And  will  bring  them  to  their  own  land, 

And  feed  them  upon  the  mountains  of  Israel 

By  the  rivers,  and  in  all  the  inhabited  places  of  the  country. 

fcP8.23.2.  14  I  i^iU  fged  them  in  a  good  pasture. 

And  upon  the  high  mountains  of  Israel  shall  their  fold  be ; 

Ue.  33. 12.  There  'shall  they  lie  in  a  good  fold. 

And  in  a  fat  pasture  shall  they  feed  upon  the  mountains  of  Israel. 
15  I  will  feed  my  flock,  and  I  will  cause  them  to  lie  down, 
Saith  the  Lord  God. 

mis.  40.11.  Mic.  16  I  ""win  seek  that  which  was  lost, 

uSitk  n.  And  bring  again  that  which  was  driven  away, 

Lu.5.32.  ^jj(j  ^ijl  i)i,^(j  up  that  which  was  broken, 

And  will  strengthen  that  which  was  sick  ; 

nis.  10. 16.  Am.        But  I  will  dcstroy  "the  fat  and  the  strong, 
"*■  ^'  I  will  feed  them  with  judgment. 

1^  And  as  for  you,  O  my  flock,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

*^zec.io.3.Mat.       Bchold,  T  judgc  bctwcen  tcattle  and  cattle,  between  the  rams  and 

XHeb:.^alleat-  thc    *he   gOatS. 

ae^fi'^'nbs  and  18  Secmcth  it  a  small  thing  unto  you  to  have  eaten  up  the  good  pasture, 
*''Heb.  great  he  But  yc  must  tread  down  with  your  feet  the  residue  of  your  pastures  ? 
^'"^-  And  to  have  drunk  of  the  deep  waters. 

But  ye  must  foul  the  residue  with  your  feet? 
19  And  as  for  my  flock,  they  eat  that  which  ye  have  trodden  with  your 
And  they  drink  that  which  ye  have  fouled  with  your  feet.        [feet ; 

20  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  unto  them. 
Behold,  I,  even  I,  will  judge  between  the  fat  cattle  and  between  the 

21  Because  ye  have  thrust  with  side  and  with  shoulder,       [lean  cattle. 
And  pushed  all  the  diseased  with  your  horns. 

Till  ye  have  scattered  them  abroad  ; 

22  Therefore  will  I  save  my  flock,  and  they  shall  no  more  be  a  prey, 
And  I  will  judge  between  cattle  and  cattle. 

vor..  1.  '  128 


1018 


EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES 


[Period  VIL 


p  Is.  40.  11.  Je. 
23.  4,5.  Jo.  10. 
11.  He.  13.  20. 
1  Pe.2.  25.  tS. 


oJe.  30.9. 
Ho.  3.  5. 


Lu.  1.  32, ; 


s  he.  26.  6.  Is. 

11.  6-9.  &  35.  9. 

Ho.  2.  18. 
t  Je.  23.  6. 
u  Ge.  12.  2.  Is. 

19.  24.  Zee.  6. 

13. 
V  Le.  26.  4. 
■a  Ps.  68.  9.  Mai. 

3.  10. 
X  Le.  26.  4.  Ps. 

85.  12.  Is.  4.  2. 

y  Le.  26.  13.  Je. 
2.20. 


f  Or,  for  renown. 

X  Heb.  taken 
away. 


*  Heb.   desolation 
and  desolation  : 
so  ver.  7. 


t  Or,  hatred  of 
eld;  Ez.  25.  15. 

J  Heb.  poured  out 
the  children. 

*  Heb.  hands. 


iJe.  49.  17,  18. 
Mai   1.3,4. 


J  Or,  T.'io^itrh  the 

LORD  was 

there. 
b  Mat.  7.  2.  Ja. 

2.  13. 


-^  And  I  will  set  up  ''one  Shepherd  over  them,  and  he  shall  feed  them;. 
Even  'my  servant  David  ; 

He  shall  feed  them,  and  he  shall  be  their  shepherd. 
2^  And  I  the  Lord  will  be  their  God, 

And  my  servant  David  ''a  prince  among  them  ; 
I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it. 
2^  And  I  will  make  with  them  a  covenant  of  peace, 

And  'will  cause  the  evil  beasts  to  cease  out  of  the  land  ; 
And  they  'shall  dwell  safely  in  the  wilderness,  and  sleep  in  the  woods. 
2^  And  I  will  make  them  and  the  places  round  about  my  hill  "a  blessing, 
And  I  will  cause  'the  shower  to  come  down  in  his  season  ; 
There  shall  be  "showers  of  blessing. 
^''  And  "^the  tree  of  the  field  shall  yield  her  fruit, 
And  the  earth  shall  yield  her  increase, 

And  they  shall  be   safe  in  their  land,  and  shall  know  that  I  am  the 
When  I  have  -broken  the  bands  of  their  yoke,  [Lord, 

And  delivered  them  out  of  the  hand  of  those  that  served  themselves 
of  them. 
2^  And  they  shall  no  more  be  a  prey  to  the  heathen. 
Neither  shall  the  beasts  of  the  land  devour  them  ; 
But  they  shall  dwell  safely,  and  none  shall  make  them  afraid. 
29  And  I  will  raise  up  for  them  a  plant  tof  renown. 

And  they  shall  be  no  more  tconsumed  with  hunger  in  the  land. 
Neither  bear  the  shame  of  the  heathen  any  more. 
3°  Thus  shall  they  know  that  I,  the  Lord  their  God,  am  with  them, 
And  that  they,  even   the  house  of  Israel,  are  my  people,  saith  the 
Lord  God. 
^'^  And  ye  my  "^flock,  the  flock  of  my  pasture,  are  men, 
And  I  am  your  God,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,   Ezekiel  xxxv. 
saying,  -  Son  of  man !  set  thy  face  against  Mount  Seir, 
and  prophesy  against  it,  ^and  .say  unto  it.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God; 
'  Behold,  O  Mount  Seir,  I  am  against  thee, 
And  I  will  stretch  out  my  hand  against  thee, 
And  I  will  make  thee  *most  desolate. 
■*  I  will  lay  thy  cities  waste,  and  thou  shalt  be  desolate, 

And  thou  shalt  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
^  Because  thou  hast  had  a  tper[)etual  hatred, 
And  hast  tshed  the  blood  of  the  children  of  Israel  by  the  *force  of 

the  sword 
In  the  time  of  their  calamity,  in  the  time  that  their  iniquity  had  an 
^  Therefore,  as  I  live,  .saith  the  Lord  God,  [end  ; 

I  will  prepare  thee  unto  blood,  and  blood  shall  pursue  thee  ; 
Since  thou  hast  not  hated  l)!ood,  even  blood  shall  pursue  thee. 
■^  Thus  will  I  make  Mount  Seir  +most  desolate, 
And  cut  otF  from  it  him  that  passeth  out  and  him  that  returneth. 

8  And  I  will  fill  his  mountains  with  his  slain  men  ; 

In  thy  hills,  and  in  thy  valleys,  and  in  all  thy  rivers. 
Shall  they  hill  that  are  slain  with  the  sword. 

9  I  "will  make  tliee  perpetual  desolations,  and  thy  cities  shall  not  return; 
And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

^^  Because  thou  hast  said, 

"  These  two  nations  and  these  two  countries  shall  be  mine. 

And  we  will  possess  it ;  " 

t  Whereas  the  Lord  was  there  ; 
11  Therefore,  as  I  live,  saith  the  Lord  God, 

I  will  even  do  'according  to  thine  anger,  and  according  to  thine  envy 


Part  IV. 


THE  FINAL  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS. 


1019 


c  1  Sa.  2. 3.  Re. 

13.6. 
t  Heb.  magnified. 


.dls.65.  13,  14. 
e  Ob.  12,  15. 


J  Heb.  Because 
for  because. 


/De.28.  37, 
1  Ki.  9.  7.  La. 
2.  15.  Da.  9.  16. 

*  Or,  viade  to 
come  upon  the  lip 
af  the  tongue. 

t  Or,  bottoms,  or, 
^(des. 


g  De,  4.  24. 


h  U.  58.  12.  & 
61.  4.  Am.  9.  14 

iJe.  31.  27.  &  33 
12. 


Which  thou  hast  used  out  of  thy  hatred  against  them  ; 
And  I  will  make  myself  known  among  them,  when  I  have  judged 
12  And  thou  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord,  [thee. 

And  that  I  have  heard  all  thy  blasphemies  which  thou  hast  spoken 
'Against  the  mountains  of  Israel,  saying, 
"They  are  laid  desolate,  they  are  given  us  *to  consume." 
1^  Thus  'with  your  mouth  ye  have  tboasted  against  me, 

And  have  multiplied  your  words  against  me :  I  have  heard  them. 

1*  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
When  ''the  whole  earth  rejoiceth,  I  will  make  thee  desolate. 
^^  As  'thou  didst  rejoice  at  the  inheritance  of  the  house  of  Israel, 
Because  it  was  desolate. 
So  will  I  do  unto  thee : 

Thou  shall  be  desolate,  O  Mount  Selr,  and  all  Idumea,  even  all  of  it ; 
And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

1  Also,  thou  son  of  man,  prophesy  unto  the  mountains  of  Ezekiel 
Israel,  and  say, —  ^''''^'• 

Ye  mountains  of  Israel,  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  ! 
2  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Because  the  enemy  hath  said  against  you, 
"  Aha,  even  the  ancient  high  places  are  ours  in  possession  ; " 
^  Therefore  prophesy  and  say,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
IBecause   they  have  made  you  desolate,  and  swallowed  you  up  on 

every  side. 
That  ye  might  be  a  possession  unto  the  residue  of  the  heathen, 
And  -^ye  are  *  taken  up  in  the  lips  of  talkers, 
And  are  an  infamy  of  the  people  ; 
*  Therefore,  ye  mountains  of  Israel,  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  Goi) ! 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  to  the  mountains,  and  to  the  hills, 
To  the  trivers,  and  to  the  valleys. 

To  the  desolate  wastes,  and  to  the  cities  that  are  forsaken, 
Which  became  a  prey  and  derision 
To  the  residue  of  the  heathen  that  are  round  about ; 
^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Surely  'in  the  fire  of  my  jealousy  have  I  spoken 
Against  the  residue  of  the  heathen,  and  against  all  Idumea, 
Which  have  appointed  my  land  into  their  possession 
With  the  joy  of  all  their  heart. 
With  despiteful  minds,  to  cast  it  out  for  a  prey. 
^  Prophesy  therefore  concerning  the  land  of  Israel, 
And  say  unto  the  mountains,  and  to  the  hills. 
To  the  rivers,  and  to  the  valleys. 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Behold,  I  have  spoken  in  my  jealousy  and  in  my  fury, 
Because  ye  have  borne  the  shame  of  the  heathen  ; 
'  Therefore,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God,  I  have  lifted  up  my  hand. 
Surely   the    heathen    that   are    about    you — they   shall    bear  their 
shame. 
s  But  ye,  O  mountains  of  Israel,  ye  shall  shoot  forth  your  branches, 
And  yield  your  fruit  to  my  people  of  Israel ; 
For  they  are  at  hand  to  come. 
5  For,  behold,  I  am  for  you,  and  I  will  turn  unto  you, 

And  ye  shall  be  tilled  and  sown  ; 
1°  And  I  will  multiply  men  upon  you, 
All  the  house  of  Israel,  even  all  of  it ; 

And  the  cities  shall  be  inhabited,  and  'the  wastes  shall  be  builded ; 
11  And  'I  will  multiply  upon  you  man  and  beast, 


1020  EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  [Period  VII. 

And  they  shall  increase  and  bring  fruit ; 
And  I  will  settle  you  after  your  old  estates, 
And  will  do  better  unto  you  than  at  your  beginnings  ; 
And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
^■^  Yea,  I  will  cause  men  to  w^alk  upon  you.  even  my  people  Israel ; 
jOb.  17, &c.  And^they  shall  possess  thee,  and  thou  shall  be  their  inheritance, 

iSeeJe.  15. 7.         And  thou  shalt  no  more  henceforth  *bereave  them  of  men. 

^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ;  Because  they  say  unto  you, 
iNu.  13.30.  '-'Thou  'land  devourest  up  men,  and  hast  bereaved  thy  nations  ;" 

^*  Therefore  thou  shalt  devour  men  no  more. 
i  Or,  caiue  to  fall.       iVeithcr  tbcrcave  thy  nations  any  more,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

^^  Neither  will  I  cause  men  to  hear  in  thee  the  shame  of  the   heathen 
any  more, 
Neither  shalt  thou  bear  the  reproach  of  the  people  any  more, 
Neither   shalt  thou  cause   thy  nations   to  fall  any  more,  saith   the 
Lord  God. 
^^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying, — 
^"^  Son  of  man  !  when  the  house  of  Israel  dwelt  in  their  own  land, 
'as^tje!^^.' ^'        They  "defiled  it  by  their  own  way.  and  by  their  doings: 
»Le.  15. 19,  &c.       Their  way  was  before  me  as  "the  uncleanness  of  a  removed  woman. 
^^  Wherefore  I  poured  my  fury  upon  them 

For  the  blood  that  they  had  shed  upon  the  land, 
And  for  their  idols  wherewith  they  had  polluted  it ; 
^^  And  I  scattered  them  among  the  heathen. 

And  they  were  dispersed  through  the  countries : 
According  to  their  way  and  according  to  their  doings  I  judged  them. 
^  And  when  they  entered  unto  the  heathen,  whither  they  went. 
eu. 5-2. 5.  Ro. 2.       They  ''profaned  my  holy  name,  when  they  said  to  them, 

'•  These  are  the  people  of  the  Lord,  and  are  gone  forth  out  of  his 
land." 
^^  But  I  had  pity  for  my  holy  name,  which  the  house   of  Israel  had 
profaned 
Among  the  heathen,  whither  they  w^ent, 

^  Therefore  say  unto   the  house  of  Israel,  Thus  saith  the   Lord 
God, 
I  do  not  this  for  your  sakes,  O  house  of  Israel ! 
But  for  my  holy  name's  sake,  which  ye  have  profaned 
Among  the  heathen,  whither  ye  went. 
^^  And  I  will  sanctify  my  great  name,  which  was  profaned  among  the 
heathen. 
Which  ye  have  profaned  in  the  midst  of  them ; 
And  the  heathen  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 
*OT,y<mr.  Saith  the  Lord  God.  when  I  shall  be  sanctified  in  you  before  *their 

^■*  For  I  will  take  you  from  among  the  heathen,  [eyes. 

And  gather  you  out  of  all  countries, 
And  will  bring  you  into  vour  own  land, 
'lol'lj"'  '^'  "^'    ^^  Then  ^will  I  sprinkle  clean  water  upon  you,  and  ye  shall  be  clean  ; 
From  all  your  filthiness,  and  from  all  your  idols,  will  I  cleanse  you. 
,  je.32.39.        26  ^  'ncw  heart  also  will  I  give  you. 

And  a  new  spirit  will  I  put  within  you  ; 
And  I  will  take  away  the  stony  heart  out  of  your  flesh. 
And  I  will  give  you  a  heart  of  flesh. 
2'  And  I  will  put  my  Spirit  within  you. 
And  cause  you  to  walk  in  my  statutes, 
And  ye  shall  keep  my  judgments,  and  do  them. 
'®  And  ye  sjiall  dwell  in  the  land  that  I  eave  to  your  fathers  ; 
And  ye  shall  be  my  people,  and  I  will  be  your  God. 


Part  IV.]  THE  FINAL  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.  1021 

rMai.  1.21.  Ro.  29  J  y^]\\  ^\^q  '"save  you  from  all  your  uncleannesses  : 
/see  Ps.  105. 16.       And  'I  will  call  for  the  corn,  and  will  increase  it, 

And  lay  no  famine  upon  you. 
3°  And  I  will  multiply  the  fruit  of  the  tree,  and  the  increase  of  the  field, 

That    ye  shall  receive   no  more    reproach   of   famine    among    the 
31  Then  shall  ye  remember  your  own  evil  ways,  [heathen. 

And  your  doings  that  were  not  good, 
'e^'g  &"4%3^'        ^^^  '^'^'^'^  loathe  yourselves  in  your  own  sight 

For  your  iniquities  and  for  your  abominations. 
u  De.  9. 5.  32  jv^q^  "f^^  your  sakes  do  I  this,  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Be  it  known  unto  you  : 

Be  ashamed  and  confounded  for  your  own  ways,  O  house  of  Israel ! 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

In  the  day  that  I  shall  have  cleansed  you  from  all  your  iniquities 

I  will  also  cause  you  to  dwell  in  the  cities, 

And  the  wastes  shall  be  builded. 

34  And  the  desolate  land  shall  be  tilled. 

Whereas  it  lay  desolate  in  the  sight  of  all  that  passed  by. 

35  And  they  shall  say, — 

This  land  that  was  desolate  is  become  like  the  garden  of  Eden  ; 
And  the  waste  and  desolate  and  ruined  cities  are  become  fenced, 
And  are  inhabited. 

36  Then  the  heathen  that  are  left  round  about  you  shall  know 

That  I  the  Lord  build  the  ruined  places,  and  plant  that  that  was 
I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it,  and  I  will  do  it.  [desolate : 

3''  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
„  See  Ez.  14. 3.         J  -^[\\  yet  for  this  be  inquired  of  by  the  house  of  Israel,  to   do  it 

&,  20. 3, 31.  n         J 

tor  them  ; 
I  will  increase  them  with  men  like  a  flock. 
t  lieh.  flock  of      38  As  the  tholy  flock,  as  the  flock  of  Jerusalem  in  her  solemn  feasts  ; 

holytkmgs.  ^^  ^j^^jj   ^j^^  ^^^^^  ^.^.^^  ^^  ^jj^^  ^.^1^   ^^^j^g  ^^  j^^gj^^ 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

1  The  hand  of  the  Lord  was  upon  me,  and  carried  me        Ezekiei, 

w  Lu.  4. 1.  out  "in  the  Spirit  of  the  Lord,  and  set  me  down  in  the  midst          ^xxvii. 

of  the  valley  which  was  full  of  bones,  ^  and  caused  me  to  pass  by  them 

tor, champaign,  j-ouud  about ;  and,  behold,  there  were  very  many  in  the  open  Ivalley  ; 

and,  lo  !  they  were  very  dry.  ^^ 

3  And  he  said  unto  me,  "  Son   of  man  !  can  these  bones  live? 

iDe.32.39.        And  I  answcrod,  "  O   Lord  God,  "thou   knowest !  "  ''Again   he   said 

2LRo.'4.-n."'-  unto  me,  "  Prophesy  upon  these  bones,  and  say  unto  them,  O  ye  dry 

^^'>-^-^-         bones,  hear  the  word  of  the  Lord  !  ^Thus  saith  the  Lord  God   unto 

these   bones.  Behold,  I  will  cause  breath   to  enter   into  you,  and  ye 

shall  live  ;  ^  and  I  will  lay  sinews  upon  you,  and  will  bring  up  flesh 

upon  you,  and  cover  you  with  skin,  and  put  breath  in  you,  and  ye  shall 

live  ;  and  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord." 

"^  So  I  prophesied  as  I  was  commanded ;  and  as  I  prophesied, 
there  was  a  noise,  and  behold  a  shaking,  and  the  bones  came  togeth- 
er, bone  to  his  bone.  «And  when  I  beheld,  lo  !  the  sinews  and  the 
flesh  came  up  upon  them,  and  the  skin  covered  them  above  ;  but 
there  was  no  breath  in  them.  ^Then  said  He  unto  me,  "Prophesy 
*or,breath.  uuto  the  *wind,  prophesy,  son  of  man,  and  say  to  the  wind,  Thus 
saith  the  Lord  God,  Come  from  the  four  winds,  O  breath,  and  breathe 
upon  these  slain,  that  they  may  live  !  " 

1"  So  I  prophesied  as  he  commanded  me,  'and  the  breath  came  into 
them,  and  they  lived,  and  stood  up  upon  their  feet,  an  exceeding  great 
army.  ^^  Then  he  said  unto  me,  "  Son  of  man,  these  bones  are  the 
whole  house  of  Israel :  behold,  they  say,  '  Our  bones  are  dried,  and  our 

4  H 


yRe.  11. 


1022       EZEKIEL  PROPHESIES  THE  RESTORATION  OF  THE  JEWS.  [Pf.riod  Vli. 

hope  is  lost ;  we  are  cut  otf  for  our  parts.'   ^-  Therefore  prophesy  and 
say  unto  them, 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
X  Is.  26. 19.  Ho.         Behold,  *"0  my  people,  I  will  open  your  graves, 

And  cause  you  to  come  up  out  of  your  graves, 

And  bring  you  into  the  land  of  Israel. 
^^  And  ye  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 

When  I  have  opened  your  graves,  O  my  people, 

And  brought  you  up  out  of  your  graves, 
^*  And  shall  put  my  Spirit  in  you,  and  ye  shall  live, 

And  I  shall  place  you  in  your  own  land  ; 

Then  shall  ye  knovv  that  I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it,  and  performed  it, 

Saith  the  Lord." 

^^  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  again  unto   me,  saying,  '^  More- 

aSeeNu.  17.2.    ovcr,  thou   son  of  man,  "take  thee  one  stick,  and  write  upon  it.  For 

6 2 ch.  11. 12, 13,  Judah,  and   for   Hhe   children   of  Israel  his  companions;    then   take 

3o;  11,  ih. '       another  stick,  and  write  upon   it.  For  Joseph,  the  stick  of  Ephraim, 

and  for  all  the  house  of  Israel  his  companions  :   ^'^'and  join  them  one  to 

another  into  one  stick,  and  they  shall  become  one  in  thy  hand. 

1=*  And  when  the  children  of  thy  people  shall  speak  unto  thee, 
saying.  Wilt  thou  not  show  us  what  thou  meanest  by  these  ?  ^^  Say 
unto  them,  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God,  Behold,  I  will  take  the  stick  of 
Joseph,  which  is  in  the  hand  of  Ephraim,  and  the  tribes  of  Israel  his 
fellows,  and  will  put  them  with  him,  even  with  the  stick  of  Judah.  and 
make  them  one  stick,  and  they  shall  be  one  in  my  hand.  ^^  And  the 
sticks  whereon  thou  writest  shall  be  in  thy  hand  before  their  eyes. 
^^  And  say  unto  them, — 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Behold,  I  will  take  the  children  of  Israel 

From  among  the  heathen,  whither  they  be  gone, 

And  will  gather  them  on  every  side, 

And  bring  them  into  their  own  land : 
«i».  11.  i3.Je.3.  22  ^j^(j  'I  ^y\\\  make  them  one  nation  in  the  land  upon  the  mountains 

18.  &  50.  4.  Ho.  c    T  1 

1.11.  ot  Israel ; 

ijo.  10. 16.  And  ''one  king  shall  be  king  to  them  all ; 

And  they  shall  be  no  more  two  nations, 

Neither  shall  they  be  divided  into  two  kingdoms  any  more  at  all  ; 
2^  Neither  shall  they  defile  themselves  any  more  with  their  idols. 

Nor  with  their  detestable  things. 

Nor  with  any  of  their  transgressions  ; 

But  I  will  save  them  out  of  all  their  dwelUng-places,  wherein  they 
have  sinned. 

And  will  cleanse  them  : 

So  shall  they  be  my  people,  and  I  will  be  their  God. 
e  !»•  40.  IK  Je.     24  ^p^i  '  David  Hiy  servaut  shall  be  king  over  them. 
Ho.3. 5.  Lu.i.        And  -^they  all  shall  have  one  Shepherd  ; 
/To.  10. 16.  Thoy  shall  also  walk  in  my  judgments. 

And  observe  my  statutes,  and  do  them. 
25  And  they  shall  dwell  in  the  land  that  I  have  given  unto  Jacob  my 

Wherein  your  fathers  have  dwelt ;  [servant, 

And  they  shall  dwell  therein. 
*3'20%m'9°r5        ^^'^"  ^^^y '  ^"^  ^^^^''"  children,  and  their  children's  children  'for  ever ; 
A  Jo.  12.34.  And  'my  servant  David  shall  l)e  their  prince  for  ever, 

i Ps.  89. 3.  Is.  55.  26  Morcovcr  I  will  make  'a  covenant  of  peace  with  them  ; 

It  shall  be  an  everlasting  covenant  with  them : 

And  I  will  place  them,  and  multiply  them, 
j2Co. 6. 16.  And  will  set  ^niy  sanctuary  in  the  midst  of  them  for  evermore. 


C.  587. 


;  Re.  20.  8. 


Part  IV.]  EZEKIEL'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  GOG  AND  MAGOG.       1023 

Vofi^M."'^^'    "^  My  ^tabernacle  also  shall  be  with  them  ; 

Yea,  I  will  be  their  God,  and  they  shall  be  my  people. 
28  ^jjfj  ti^g  heathen  shall  know  that  I  the  Lord  do  sanctify  Israel, 

When  my  Sanctuary  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  them  for  evermore. 

SECT.  vn.      Section  VII. — Ezckid's  Prophecy   of  the  future  great  Contest  between   the 

Church   and  its   Enemies    Gog    and  Magog  ; — God's  Judgment  against 

A.  M.  3417.  thctn; — and  the  Conversion  of  the  Jews  in  the  latter  Dai/s.'-^' 

EzEKiEL  xxxviii.  and  xxxix. 

^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  ^  Son  of  man  ! 
set  thy  face  against  "Gog,  the  land  of  Magog,  *the  chief  prince  of 
*chiefr"'"°'^^'"  Meshech  and  Tubal,  and  prophesy  against  him,  =^and  say,  Thus  saith 
the  Lord  God, — 

Behold  I  am  against  thee,  O  Gog, 

The  chief  prince  of  Meshech  and  Tubal ! 
6  2Ki.  19.  •^.        ■*  And  'I  will  turn  thee  back. 

And  put  hooks  into  thy  jaws,  and  I  will  bring  thee  forth, 

And  all  thine  army,  horses  and  horsemen, 

All  of  them  clothed  with  all  sorts  of  armor. 

Even  a  great  company  with  bucklers  and  shields, 

All  of  them  handling  swords  : 
t  Or,  Phut,  Ez.      5  Persia,  Ethiopia,  and  fLibya  with  them  ; 

27.  10.  ^  30.  5.  ^jj  ^j.    ^j^gj^^  ^^.;^,^  gjjjgl^j  ^j^^  j^gjj^^g^  . 

^  Gomer,  and  all  his  bands  ; 
The  house  of  Togarmah  of  the  north  quarters,  and  all  his  bands  ; 
And  many  people  with  thee. 
cLike  Is.  8. 9,       ''  Be  'thou  prepared,  and  prepare  for  thyself, 
Hi&sfl''*'        Thou,  and  all  thy  company  that  are  assembled  unto  thee, 
d  Ge.  49. 1.  De.        And  be  thou  a  guard  unto  them. 
/is!^29. 6.  ^  After  "many  days  'thou  shalt  be  visited  : 

{*^)  The  numerous  interpretations  which  have  Roman  colleagues,  under  the  general  mystic  name 
been  given  b}'  various  writers*  in  our  own  days,  to  of  Edom,  and  the  Lord's  vindication  of  himself  for 
the  several  prophecies  of  the  Old  Testament,  which  restoring  so  stubborn  a  race  as  that  of  the  Jews, 
allude  to  the  latter  times,  and  the  fanciful  manner  3.  The  national  resurrection  of  Judah  and  Israel, 
in  which  the  events  of  modern  wars,  changes,  revo-  to  which  the  overgrown  power  of  antichrist  was 
lutions,  and  treaties,  have  been  supposed  to  bear  the  only  impediment,  and  their  everlasting  union 
on  these  prophecies,  have  tended  in  a  great  degree  under  the  mystic  David  their  prince.  4.  The  com- 
to  prejudice  the  generality  of  readers  from  attending  mencement  of  the  Millennium  season  of  blessed- 
to  the  hierophants  who  propose  to  conduct  them  ness  and  tranquillity.  5.  The  destruction  of  Gog 
through  the  recesses  of  the  temple.  Although  so  and  Magog."  ,  •  , 
many  speculative  theories  have  been  given  to  the  1  cannot  venture  to  express  an  opinion  on  this  sub- 
world,  still  the  study  of  prophecy  is  increasing,  and  ject.  The  prophecy  certainly  refers  to  those  great 
almost  every  writer  adds  something  to  our  stock  events  which  are  repeatedly  alluded  to  in  other  pre- 
of  knowledo-e  on  this  subject.  The  greater  part  of  dictions  of  Holy  Writ,  as  about  to  take  place  at  the 
the  prophecies  of  God  have  reference  to  events  end  of  tlie  world.  In  this  and  similar  passages,  it 
which  are  vrt  to  take  place,  as  well  as  to  those  may  be  said,  "  coming  events  cast  their  shadows  be- 
which  are  already  past.  If  any  part  of  the  ancient  fore  :  "  yet  we  cannot  penetrate  into  the  clouds  and 
prophecies  allude  more  plainly  than  others  to  the  thick  darkness  that  encircle  the  future.  We  are  both 
latter  days,  it  is  this  of  Ezekiel  concerning  Gog  exhorted  and  encouraged  to  study  the  word  of  pro- 
and  Mao-oo-.  It  has  undoubtedly  not  yet  received  phecy  ;  not  with  the  view  of  indulging  curiosity, 
its  completion.  Bishop  Newton  and  Joseph  Mede  but  of  enforcing  humility  ;  to  strengthen  our  faith, 
are  of  opinion,  that  the  Gog  and  Magog  of  Ezekiel  by  enabling  us  so  plainly  to  see  the  hand  of  Provi- 
are  different  from  the  Goo-  and  Mao-og  of  tlie  dence,  in  the  past  and  present,  that  we  may  believe 
Apocalypse,— that  the  former  signify  the  Turks,  the  promises  which  relate  to  the  future.  As  the 
whose  expedition  ao-ainst  the  Holy  Land  will  take  present  dispensation  of  the  kingdom  of  the  Messiah 
place  at  the  beginning  of  the  Millennium.  This  was  predicted  in  general  and  indefinite  terms  to  the 
ooinion  is  strenuously  opposed  by  Mr.  Faber,  who  ancient  Jews,  so  is  the  millennial  period  of  the 
supooses,  with  Archbishop  Newcome  and  Mr.  Low-  world  predicted  to  us.  As  the  Jew  was  called  on 
man,  tliat  the  Gog  and  Magog  of  Ezekiel  are  the  to  believe  in  those  ages  of  the  Church,  so  is  the 
same  as  those  of  the  Apocalypse  :  Mr.  Faber  divides  Christian  required  to  be  leve  at  present.  As  the 
these  chapters  in  the  following  manner:  "  1.  The  former  prophecies  have  been  fulfilled,  so  will  the 
restoration  of  Judah,  partly  in  a  converted,  and  latter  be  accomplished.— Vide  Faber  s  View  of  the 
partly  in  an  unconverted  state;  and  the  contem-  Prophecies,  re' ative  to  the  Conversion,  Restoration, 
porary  war  between  the  two  parties,  supported  by  Union,  and  future  Glory  of  the  Houses  o^  Judah  and 
their  several  allies,  the  maritime  nation  and  anti-  /^mc/.,  vol.  ii.  prophecy  xxv. ;  ^eviton  On  the  Proph- 
Christ.  2.  The  destruction  of  antichrist  and  his  ecles,  Dissert,  xxv.  ;  Mede  s  Worhs,  book  iv.  epist. 
„      ,     „.  ,          „         ,.       •    V,  54;  and   Faber   On  the    Prophecies  relative  to  the 

*  Kelt,    G      ovvay,    Zouc  i,    Bk  leno,    Peiin,  Cuiiiiinghame,       IT  '  .     ,      ~-,o,-i\   ^r  i    •      l,„„    „; 

Freer"  (i  ^hirp    '''  '  .  .  fc  Pcrtof/ of  12b0  Fe«rs,  vol.  i.  chap.  VI. 


1024 


EZEKIEL'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  GOG  AND  MAGOG.       [Period  VII 


/Je.  23.  6.  Ez. 
i28.  26.  &.  34.  25. 
28.  ver.  11. 


X  Or,  conceive  a 
mischievaus  pur- 
pose. 

*  Or,  eonfidtntlij. 


t  Heb.  To  spoil 
the  spoil,  and  to 
prey  the  prey, 
Ez.  29.  19. 


a  Or,  And  all  the 
villages  thereof. 
—Ed. 

g  See  Ez.  19.  3, 


•  Ileb.  By  the 
Jiands. 


In  the  latter  years  thou  shall  come  into  the  land 

That  is  brought  back  from  the  sword, 

And  is  gathered  out  of  many  people, 

Against  the  mountains  of  Israel,  which  have  been  always  waste ; 

But  it  is  brought  forth  out  of  the  nations, 

And  they  shall  ^dwell  safely  all  of  them. 
^  Thou  shalt  ascend  and  come  like  a  storm, 

Thou  shalt  be  like  a  cloud  to  cover  the  land. 

Thou,  and  all  thy  bands,  and  many  people  with  thee. 
^°  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

It  shall  also  come  to  pass, 

That  at  the  same  time  shall  things  come  into  thy  mind. 

And  thou  slialt  tthink  an  evil  tiiought ; 
^^  And  thou  shalt  say,  I  will  go  up  to  the  land  of  unwalled  villages; 

I  will  go  to  them  that  are  at  rest,  that  dwell  *safely. 

All  of  them  dwelling  without  walls,  and  having  neither  bars  nor  gates, 
^■^  tTo  take  a  spoil,  and  to  take  a  prey  ; 

To  turn  thy  hand  upon  the  desolate  places  that  are  now  inhabited, 

And  upon  the  people  that  are  gathered  out  of  the  nations, 

Which  have  gotten  cattle  and  goods,  that  dwell  in  the  Imidst  of  the 
^^  Sheba,  and  Dedan,  and  the  merchants  of  Tarshish,  [land. 

^With  all  °'the  young  lions  thereof,  shall  .say  unto  thee, 

Art  thou  come  to  take  a  spoil  ? 

Hast  thou  gathered  thy  company  to  take  a  prey  ? 

To  carry  away  silver  and  gold,  to  take  away  cattle  and  goods,  to  take 
a  great  spoil  ? 
^'^  Therefore,  son  of  man,  prophesy  and  say  unto  Gog, 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

In  that  day  when  my  people  of  Israel  dwelleth  safely, 

Shalt  thou  not  know  it  ? 
^^  And  thou  shalt  come  from  thy  place  out  of  the  north  parts, 

Thou,  and  many  people  with  thee,  all  of  them  riding  upon  horses, 

A  great  company,  and  a  mighty  army  ;  " 

^^  And  thou  shalt  come  up  against  my  people  of  Israel, 

As  a  cloud  to  cover  the  land ; 

It  shall  be  in  the  latter  days. 

And  I  will  bring  thee  against  my  land, 

That  the  heathen  may  know  me,  when  I  shall  be  sanctified  in  thee, 

O  Gog,  before  their  eyes  ! 
^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Art  thou  he  of  whom  I  have  spoken  in  old  time 

*By  my  servants  the  prophets  of  Israel, 

Which  prophesied  in  those  days  many  years 

That  I  would  bring  thee  against  them  ? 
^®  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  at  the  same  time 

When  Gog  shall  come  against  the  land  of  Israel,   saith  the  Lord 

That  my  fury  shall  come  up  in  my  face.  [God, 

^^  For  in  my  jealousy  and  in  the  fire  of  my  wrath  have  I  spoken, 

Surely  'in  tliat  day  there   shall  be  a  great  shaking  in  the  land  of 
Israel  ; 
2"  So  that  the  fishes  of  the  sea,  and  the  fowls  of  the  heaven. 

And  the  beasts  of  the  field,  and  all  creeping  things  that  creep  upon 

And  all  the  men  that  are  upon  the  face  of  the  earth,         [the  earth, 

Shall  shake  at  my  presence. 

And  the  mountains  shall  be  thrown  down. 

And  the  tsteep  places  shall  fall, 

And  every  wall  sluiil  fall  to  the  around. 


Pap.t  IV.] 


Ju.  7.  9Q.  1  Sa. 

H.  20.  2  Ch.  20. 

23. 
t  Is.  Gl).  IG.  Je. 

2.1.  3J. 
fcPs.  11.6.  Is. 

2'J.  6.  Jfc  30.  30. 
I  He.  16.  21. 


J  Or,  strifce  JAee 
with  six  plagues  j 
or,  draw  tkee 
back  witk  a  liuok 
of  sir.  teelh,  as 
Ez.  38.  4. 

*  Heb.  the  sides 
of  Uie  north. 


I  Heb.  ■wing. 

\  Heb.  to  devour. 

*  Heb.  the  face,  of 
the  field. 


■f  Or,  confidently. 


m  Le.  18.  21. 


\  Ot,  javelins. 


*  Or,  make  afire 
of  them. 


f  Or  moutlis. 
[Or,  the  nos- 
trils, so  New- 
come. — Ed.] 

X  That  is,  The 
Multitude  of 
Gog. 


*  Heb.  men  of  con- 
tinuance. 


EZEKIEL'S  PROPHECY  AGAINST  GOG  AND  MAGOG.      1025 

21  And  I  will  call  for  a  sword  against  him 
Throughout  all  my  mountains,  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
Every  'man's  sword  shall  be  against  his  brother. 

22  And  I  will  ^  plead  against  him  with  pestilence  and  with  blood  ; 
And  "I  will  rain  upon  him,  and  upon  his  bands, 

And  upon  the  many  people  that  are  with  him, 

An  overflowing  rain,  and  'great  hailstones,  fire,  and  brimstone. 

23  Thus  will  I  magnify  myself,  and  sanctify  myself ; 
And  I  will  be  known  in  the  eyes  of  many  nations, 
And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

1  Therefore,  thou   son  of  man,  prophesy  against  Gog,     Ezekiel 
and  say, — 
Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Behold,  I  am  against  thee,  O  Gog  1 
The  chief  prince  of  Meshech  and  Tubal ! 

2  And  I  will  turn  thee  back,  and  tleave  but  the  sixth  part  of  thee, 
And  will  cause  thee  to  come  up  from  *the  north  parts, 

And  will  bring  thee  upon  the  mountains  of  Israel ; 

3  And  I  will  smite  thy  bow  out  of  thy  left  hand, 

And  will  cause  thine  arrows  to  fall  out  of  thy  right  hand. 

4  Thou  shalt  fall  upon  the  mountains  of  Israel, 

Thou,  and  all  thy  bands,  and  the  people  that  is  with  thee ; 
I  will  give  thee  unto  the  ravenous  birds  of  every  tsort, 
And  to  the  beasts  of  the  field  tto  be  devoured. 

5  Thou  shalt  fall  upon  *the  open  field  ;  ^ 
For  I  have  spoken  it,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

^  And  I  will  send  a  fire  on  Magog, 
And  among  them  that  dwell  tcarelessly  in  the  isles ; 
And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 
■^  So  will  i  make  my  holy  name  known  in  the  midst  of  my  people 

And  I  will  not  let  them  "'pollute  my  holy  name  any  more  ;     [Israel. 

And  the  heathen  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord,  the  Holy  One  m 
s  Behold,  "it  is  come,  and  it  is  done,  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 

This  is  the  day  whereof  I  have  spoken. 

9  And  they  that  dwell  in  the  cities  of  Israel  shall  go  forth, 

And  shall  set  on  fire  and  burn  the  weapons. 

Both  the  shields  and  the  bucklers. 

The  bows  and  the  arrows,  and  the  thand-staves,  and  the  spears. 

And  they  shall  *burn  them  with  fire  seven  years : 
10  So  that  they  shall  take  no  wood  out  of  the  field, 

Neither  cut  down  any  out  of  the  forests, 

For  they  shall  burn  the  weapons  with  fire  ; 

And  "they  shall  spoil  those  that  spoiled  them, 

And  rob  those  that  robbed  them,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

11  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day,  that  I  will  give  unto  Gog 
a  place  there  of  graves  in  Israel,  the  valley  of  the  passengers  on  the 
east  of  the  sea  ;  and  it  shall  stop  the  tnoses  of  the  passengers  :  and 
there  shall  they  bury  Gog  and  all  his  multitude  ;  and  they  shall  call 
it  The  Valley  of  tHamon-gog.  12  And  seven  months  shall  the  house 
of  Israel  be  burying  of  them,  that  they  may  cleanse  the  land.  1=^  Yea, 
all  the  people  of  the  land  shall  bury  them  ;  and  it  shall  be  to  them 
renown  the  day  that  I  shall  be  glorified,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
they  shall  sever  out  *men  of  continual  employment,  passing  through 
the  land  to  bury  with  the  passengers  those  that  remain  upon  the  face 
of  the  earth,  to  cleanse  it ;  after  the  end  of  seven  months  shall  they 
search.  ^^  And  the  passengers  that  pass  through  the  land,  when  any 
129  4h* 


And 


1026 


EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEilPLE.     [Pkeiod  VIL 


p  Re.  19.  17. 

*  Heb.  to  the  fowl 

of  e eery  wing. 
q  U.  18.  6.  &.  34. 

6.  Je.  12.  9. 

Zep.  1.  7. 
f  Or,  slaughter. 


X  ^eh.  great 

goals. 
s  De.  32.  14.  Pa. 

22.  12. 


V  See  Job  13.  24. 

I3.  59.  2. 
ID  Le.  26.  25. 


zJe. 

30. 

3,18. 

yllo, 

.  1. 

11. 

2  Da. 

9. 

16. 

aLe. 

26 

.  5.  6. 

*  Heb.  Bij  my 
caiLsing  of  them, 
4c. 


c  Joel  2.  28.  Zee, 
12.  10.  Ac.  2. 17. 


SECT.   VIII. 
A.  M.  3430. 


seeth  a  man's  bone,  then  shall  he  iset  up  a  sign  by  it,  till  the  buriers 
have  buried  it  in  the  valley  of  Hanion-gog.  ^^  And  also  the  name  of 
the  city  shall  be  tHamonah.  Thus  shall  they  cleanse  the  land. 

^'And,  thou  son   of  man,  thus  saith   the   Lord  God,  ^' Speak  *unto 
every  feathered  fowl,  and  to  every  beast  of  the  field, — 

Assemble  'yourselves,  and  come  ; 

Gather  yourselves  on  every  side  to  my  fsacrifice  that  I  do  sacrifice 

Even  a  great  sacrifice  upon  the  mountains  of  Israel,  [for  you. 

That  ye  may  eat  flesh,  and  drink  blood. 
^^  Ye  'shall  cat  the  flesh  of  the  mighty. 

And  drink  the  blood  of  the  princes  of  the  earth, 

Of  rams,  of  lambs,  and  of  Igoats,  of  bullocks, 

All  of  them  "fatlings  of  Bashan. 
^3  And  ye  shall  eat  fat  till  ye  be  full. 

And  drink  blood  till  ye  be  drunken, 

Of  my  sacrifice  which  I  have  sacrificed  for  you. 
20  Thus  ye  shall  be  filled  at  my  table  with  horses  and  chariots, 

With  'mighty  men,  and  with  all  men  of  war,  saith  the  Lord  God. 
^1  And  I  will  set  my  glory  among  the  heathen. 

And  all  the  heathen  shall  see  my  judgment  that  I  have  executed, 

And  "my  hand  that  I  have  laid  upon  them. 

22  So  the  liouse  of  Israel  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  their  God 
From  that  day  and  forward. 

23  And  the  heathen  shall  know 

That  the  house  of  Israel  went  into  captivity  for  their  iniquity ; 

Because  they  trespassed  against  me, 

Therefore  "hid  I  my  face  from  them, 

And  "gave  them  into  the  hand  of  their  enemies : 

So  fell  they  all  by  the  sword. 
2-*  According  to  their  uncleanness 

And  according  to  their  transgressions  have  I  done  unto  them, 

And  hid  my  face  from  them. 

2^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

Now  ''will  I  bring  again  the  captivity  of  Jacob, 

And  have  mercy  upon  the  ^vhole  house  of  Israel, 

And  will  be  jealous  for  my  holy  name  ; 
26  After  ''that  they  have  borne  their  shame, 

And  all  their  trespasses  whereby  they  have  trespassed  against  me, 

When  they  "dwelt  safely  in  their  land,  and  none  made  them  afraid. 
2'^  When  I  have  brought  them  a::ain  from  the  people, 

And  gathered  them  out  of  their  enemies'  lands. 

And  am  sanctified  in  them  in  the  sight  of  many  nations; 

28  Then  shall  they  know  that  I  am  the  Lord  their  God, 

*  Which  caused  them  to  be  led  into  captivity  among  the  heathen; 
But  I  have  gathered  them  unto  their  own  land. 
And  have  left  none  of  them  any  more  there. 

29  Neither  'will  I  hide  my  face  any  more  from  them  ; 

For  I  have  'poured  out  my  spirit  upon  the  house  of  Israel, 
Saith  the  Lord  God. 

Section  YUl.—EzcIciers  Vision  of  the  Second  Tanple.^'^^ 
EzEKiF.L  xl.  to  the  end  of  the  Book. 

of  the  east  gale,  20  of  the  north  gate,  24 
o-ate.    39  Eisht  tables.    44  The  cham- 


C.  574.         Tlie  time,  manner,  and  end  of  the  vision,    6  The  description  oj 
of  Ike  south  gate,  32  of  the  east  gate,  35  and  oftlie  north  g 


(«)  Tills  vision  of  the  second  temple  was  present-  of  their  enemies— the  great  contest  which  should 

edtoEzokiel  towards  the  conclusion  of  his  mission,  take  place  in   the    latter  days— and  the    eventual 

In  his  preccdino-  prophecies  he  predicted  the  return  overthrow  of  the  power  of  Gog  and  Magog,     i  rom 

of  the  Jews  to  their  own   land— the  punishment  this  subject  he   is   naturally    led   to   describe    the 


Part  IV.]  EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.         1027 

bers.  48  The  porch  of  Ike  house.  —  Cliap.  xli.  1  The  measures,  imrts,  chambers,  atnl  oniaments  of 
the  temple.  —  Chap.  xlii.  1  The  chambers  for  the  priests.  Vi  The  use  thereof .  15  The  measures 
of  the  outward  court.  — Chap,  xliii.  1  The  retimdng  of  the  glory  of  God  into  the  temple.  7  Tlie 
sin  of  Israel  hindered  God's  presence.  10  The  prophet  exhorteth  them  to  repentance,  and  obser- 
vation of  the  law  of  the  house.  13  The  measures,  18  and  the  ordinances  of  the  altar.  —  Chap, 
xliv.  1  The  east  gale  assigned  ordij  to  the  prince.  4  The  priests  reproved  for  polluting  of  tlie  , 
sanctuary.  9  Idolators  incapable  of  the  priest's  office.  13  The  sons  of  Zadok  are  accepted  there- 
to. 17  Ordinances  for  the  priests.  — Chap.  xlv.  1  The  portion  of  land  for  the  sanctuary,  6  for 
Ike  city,  1  and  for  the  prince.  2  Ordinances  for  the  prince. —  Chap.  xlvi.  1  Ordinances  for  tlit 
prince  in  his  worship,  ^  and  for  the  people.  1&  An  order  for  the  prince's  inheritance.  19  The 
courts  for  boilino-  and  baking.  —  Chap,  xlvii.  1  The  visio7i  of  the  holy  iruters.  6  The  virtue  of 
them.  13  The  borders  of  the  land.  22  The  division  of  it  by  lot.  — Chap,  xlviii.  1,  23  The  par- 
tions  of  the  twelve  tribes,  8  of  the  sanctuary,  13  of  the  city  arid  luburbs,  21  and  of  the  prince.  30 
The  dimensions  and  gales  of  tlie  city. 

^  In  the  five  and   twentieth  year  of  our  captivity,  in  the  beginning 
of  the  year,  in  the  tenth  day  of  the  month,  in  the  fourteenth  year  after 
that  the  city  was  smitten,  in  the  self-same  day  the  hand  of  the  Lord 
was  upon  me,  and  brought  me  thither.  -  In  the  visions  of  God  brought 
aRe. 21. 10.        hc  1116  iuto  the  land  of  Israel,  "and  set  me  upon  a  very  high  mountain, 
*  Or,  upon  iDkUh.  *by  which  was  as  the  frame  of  a  city  on  the  south.  "^  And  he  brought 
jDa.  10. 6.         ,^e  thither,  and,  behold,  there  was  a  man,  whose  appearance  was  ''like 
cRe.  11.1.  &21.  ti^g  appearance  of  brass,  with  a  line  of  flax  in  his  hand,  and  'a  meas- 
uring reed  ;  and  he  stood  in  the  gate.  "*  And  the  man  said  unto  me, — 
Son  of  man,  behold  with  thine  eyes,  and  hear  with  thine  ears, 
And  set  thy  heart  upon  all  that  I  shall  show  thee. 
For  to  the  intent  that  I  might  show  them  unto  thee 
Art  thou  brought  hither  ; 
Declare  all  that  thou  seest  to  the  house  of  Israel. 

^  And  behold  a  wall  on  the  outside  of  the  house  round  about, 
and  in  the  man's  hand  a  measuring  reed  of  six  cubits  long  by  the 
cubit  and  a  hand  breadth  ;  so  he.  measured  the  breadth  of  the  building, 
one  reed,  and  the  height,  one  reed. 
fHeb.  whose fime  ^  Then  catiic  he  unto  the  gate  f  which  looketh  toward  the  east,  and 
toward  the  east,  wcut  up  the  stairs  thcrcof,  and  measured  the  threshold  of  the  gate, 
which  was  one  reed  broad  ;  and  the  other  threshold  of  the  gate,  which 
was  one  reed  broad,  ^  And  every  little  chamber  was  one  reed  long,  and 
one  reed  broad  ;  and  between  the  little  chambers  were  five  cubits ; 
and  the  threshold  of  the  gate  by  the  porch  of  the  gate  within  was  one 
reed.  ^He  measured  also  the  porch  of  the  gate  within,  one  reed. 
^  Then  measured  he  the  porch  of  the  gate,  eight  cubits  ;  and  the  posts 
thereof,  two  cubits  ;  and  the  porch  of  the  gate  was  inward.  ^°  And 
the  little  chambers  of  the  gate  eastward  were  three  on  this  side,  and 
three  on  that  side  ;  they  three  were  of  one  measure  ;  and  the  posts 
had  one  measure  on  this  side  and  on  that  side.  "  And  he  measured 
the  breadth  of  the  entry  of  the  gate,  ten  cubits  ;  and  the  length  of 
^wi."""'' °''  the  gate,  thirteen  cubits.  ''-^  The  tspace  also  before  the  little  chambers 
was  one  cubit  on  this  side,  and  the  space  was  one  cubit  on  that  side  ; 
and  the  little  chambers  were  six  cubits  on  this  side,  and  six  cubits  on 
that  side.  ^^  He  measured  then  the  gate  from  the  roof  of  one  little 
chamber  to  the  roof  of  another ;  the  breadth  was  five  and  twenty 
cubits,  door  against  door.  ^'^  He  made  also  posts  of  threescore  cubits, 
even  unto  the  post  of  the  court  round  about  the  gate.   ^^  And  from  the 

peaceful    and   flourishing  state  of  the   Church   in  and  the  place  of  the  soles  of  riiy  feet,  where  I   will 

the  latter  days,  typified  by  the  rebuilding  of  the  dwell  in  the  midst  of  tlie  children  of  Israel  lor  ever," 

temple,  on  the  return  of  the  people  after  the  decree  cannot  allude  to  the  glory  which,  in  the  person  of 

of  Cyrus.     This  rebuilding  is  circumstantially  de-  Christ,  only  temporally  visited  the  second  temple, 

scribed,    but  expressions  are    used   respecting  the  It  evidently  seems  to  prefigure  the   eventual  resto- 

glory  of  the  Divine  Presence,  which  is  represented  ration  and  ultimate  glory  of  the  Jewisli  nation,  when 

as  filling  the   house,  which  could  not  refer   to  that  they  should  again  inhabit  the  land  of  their  fathers, 

temple.     The  new  temple,  described  by  Ezekiel  is  and  rebuild  in  Jerusalem  the  temple  of  Jehovah. — 

larger  tlian  all  Jerusalem,  and  the  new  Jerusalem  Vide  .4  Dissertation  oji  EzekicVs  Vision  of  the  Tcm- 

larger  than  all  the  land  of  Canaan  ;    these  prophetic  pie.  Ordinances  of  the  Priests,  &c.  by  Archbishop 

dimensions,  tlierefore.  demonstrate  that  these  things  Seeker,  inserted  in  Archbishop  Newcome's  Trans- 

cannot  be  understood  literally,  but  spiritually.    The  lation  of  Ezekiel ;  Lightfoot's  Chronicle,  p.  132. 
expression,  ch.  xliii.  .'>,  •'=  The  place  of  my  throne, 


10-28  EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.     [Period  VII. 

face  of  the  gate  of  the  entrance  unto  the  face  of  the  porch  of  the 
*Heb.  closed.       inner  gate  were   fifty  cubits.   ^^And   there  were  ^narrow  windows  to 

the  httle  chambers,  and  to  their  posts  within  the  gate  round  about,  and 
^  Or,  galleries,  OT,  likcwisc  to  the  tarchcs  :  and  windows  were  round  about  tinward  ;  and 

porches.  ,  '  ■, 

X  Or,  within.        upon  cach  post  were  pahii  trees. 

dRe.  11.2.  ^"Then  brouglit  he  me  into  ''the  outward  court,  and,  lo  !  there  were 

« 1  Ki.  6.  .5.  'chambers,  and  a  pavement  made  for  the  court  round  about :  thirty 
chambers  were  upon  the  pavement.  ^^  And  the  pavement  by  the  side 
of  the  gates  over  against  the  length  of  the  gates  was  the  lower  pave- 
ment.  ^'■*  Then  he  measured  the  breadth  from  the  forefront  of  the  lower 

*^Of '/'■'""""'*-  gate  unto  the  forefront  of  the  inner  court  ^without,  an  hundred  cubits 
eastward  and  northward. 

tHeb.  whostfact  -^  kw^  the  gate  of  the  outward  court  tthat  looked  toward  the  north, 
he  measured  the  length  thereof,  and  the  breadth  thereof.  ^^  And  the 
little  chambers  thereof  were  three  on  this  side  and  three  on  that  side  ; 

:  or,^a«en>i,or,  and  the  posts  thcrcof  and  the  tarches  thereof  were  after  the  measure 
of  the  first  gate  ;  the  length  thereof  was  fifty  cubits,  and  the  breadth 
five  and  twenty  cubits.  ^^  And  their  windows,  and  their  arches,  and 
their  palm  trees,  were  after  the  measure  of  the  gate  that  looketh  toward 
the  east;  and  they  went  up  unto  it  by  seven  steps;  and  the  arches 
thereof  were  before  them.  ^'^  And  the  gate  of  the  inner  court  was  over 
against  the  gate  toward  the  north,  and  toward  the  east ;  and  he  meas- 
ured from  gate  to  gate  an  hundred  cubits. 

^"^  After  that  he  brought  me  toward  the  south,  and  behold  a  gate 
toward  the  south  ;  and  he  measured  the  posts  thereof  and  the  arches 
thereof  according  to  these  measures.  ^^  And  there  were  windows  in  it 
and  in  the  arches  thereof  round  about,  like  those  windows  ;  the  length 
was  fifty  cubits,  and  the  breadth  five  and  twenty  cubits.  -''And  there 
were  seven  steps  to  go  up  to  it,  and  the  arches  thereof  were  before 
them ;  and  it  had  palm  trees,  one  on  this  side,  and  another  on  that 
side,  upon  the  posts  thereof.  "'  And  there  was  a  gate  in  the  inner  court 
toward  the  south  ;  and  he  measured  from  gate  to  gate  toward  the  south 
an  hundred  cubits. 

^^And  he  brought  me  to  the  inner  court  by  the  south  gate  ;  and 
he  measured  the  south  gate  according  to  these  measures;  ^-^and  the 
little  chambers  thereof,  and  the  posts  thereof,  and  the  arches  thereof, 
according  to  these  measures  ;  and  there  w(,'re  windows  in  it  and  in 
the  arches  thereof  round  about ;  it  was  fifty  cubits  long,  and  five  and 
twenty  cubits  broad.  "^^  And   the  arches  round  about  were   five  and 

♦  Heb.  jreodtA.  twcnty  cubits  long,  and  five  cubits  *broad.  ^'And  the  arches  thereof 
were  toward  the  outer  court ;  and  palm  trees  were  upon  the  posts 
thereof:   and  the  going  up  to  it  had  eight  steps. 

^■2  And  he  brought  me  into  the  inner  court  toward  the  east ;  and  he 
measured  the  gate  according  to  these  measures.  ^^  And  the  little  cham- 
bers thereof,  and  the  posts  thereof,  and  the  arches  thereof,  were  ac- 
cording to  these  measures  ;  and  there  were  windows  therein  and  in 
the  arches  thereof  round  about:  it  was  fifty  cubits  long,  and  five  and 
twenty  cubits  broad.  ^'And  the  arches  thereof  were  toward  the  out- 
ward court ;  and  palm  trees  were  upon  the  posts  thereof,  on  this  side, 
V,    and  on  that  side  :   and  the  going  up  to  it  had  eight  steps. 

^^  And  he  brought  me  to  the  north  gate,  and  measured  it  according 
to  these  measures  ;  •'^  the  little  chambers  thereof,  the  posts  thereof,  and 
the  arches  thereof,  and  the  windows  to  it  round  about :  the  lengtli  was 
fifty  cubits,  and  the  breadth  five  and  twenty  cubits.  •"  And  the  posts 
thereof  were  toward  the  outer  court ;  and  palm  trees  were  upon  the 
posts  thereof,  on  this  side,  and  on  that  side :  and  the  going  up  to  it 
had  eight  steps. 


Part  IV.] 


EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE. 


10-29 


/Le.  4.  2,  3. 
c-  Le.  5.  fi.  &  6. 
6.  &  7.  I. 
■f  Or,  at  the  step. 


t  Or,  ajirfirons, 
or,  tlie  two 
hearth-stones. 


i  Le.  8.  35.  Nu.  3. 

27,  2-1,  33,  38.  & 

18.  5.  1  Ch.  9. 

23.  2  Ch.  13.  11. 

Ps.  134.  1. 
*  Or,  ward,  or, 

ordinance .-  aud 

so  ver.  46. 
j  Nu.  18.  5. 
ft  1  Ki.  2.  35. 


Z  1  Ki.  6.  3. 
m  1  Ki.  7.  21. 


f  Or,  entrance. 


n  1  Ki.  6.  2( 
2  Ch.  3.  8. 


0  1  Ki.  6.  5,  6. 

X  Heb.  side  cham- 
ber over  side 
cliamb^r. 

*  Or,  three  and 
thirty  times,  or, 
foot. 

■f  Heb.  be  holden. 

%  Heb.  it  was 
made  broader, 
and  went  round. 
1  Ki.  6.  8. 


^^  And  the  chambers  and  tlie  entries  thereof  were  by  the  posts  of 
the  gates,  where  they  washed  the  burnt  ottering.  ^^  And  in  the  porch 
of  the  gate  were  two  tables  on  this  side,  and  two  tables  on  that  side, 
to  slay  thereon  the  burnt  offering  and  -^the  sin  offering  and  ^the  tres- 
pass offering.  '*'' And  at  the  side  without,  tas  one  goeth  up  to  the  entry 
of  the  north  gate,  were  two  tables  ;  and  on  the  other  side,  which  was 
at  the  porch  of  the  gate,  were  two  tables.  '^^  Four  tables  were  on  this 
side,  and  four  tables  on  that  side,  by  the  side  of  the  gate  ;  eight  tables, 
whereupon  they  slew  their  sacrifices.  '*-  x\nd  the  four  tables  were  of 
hewn  stone  for  the  burnt  offering,  of  a  cubit  and  a  half  long,  and  a 
cubit  and  a  half  broad,  and  one  cubit  high  :  whereupon  also  they  laid 
the  instruments  wherewith  they  slew  the  burnt  offering  and  the  sacrifice. 
■^^  And  within  were  thooks,  a  hand  broad,  fastened  round  about;  and 
upon  the  tables  was  the  flesh  of  the  oflering. 

^^  And  without  the  inner  gate  were  the  chambers  of  ''the  singers  in  the 
inner  court,  which  was  at  the  side  of  the  north  gate  ;  and  their  pros- 
pect was  toward  the  south  :  one  at  the  side  of  the  east  gate  having  the 
prospect  toward  the  north.  '^^  And  he  said  unto  me,  This  chamber, 
whose  prospect  is  toward  the  south,  is  for  the  priests,  ^the  keepers  of 
the  *charge  of  the  house.  '^^  And  the  chamber  whose  prospect  is  toward 
the  north  is  for  the  priests,  Hhe  keepers  of  the  charge  of  the  altar ; 
these  are  the  sons  of  'Zadok  among  the  sons  of  Levi,  which  come  near 
to  the  Lord  to  minister  unto  him. 

"*"  So  he  measured  the  court,  an  hundred  cubits  long,  and  an  hun- 
dred cubits  broad,  foursquare  ;  and  the  altar  that  was  before  the  house. 

^^And  he  brought  me  to  the  porch  of  the  house,  and  measured  each 
post  of  the  porch,  five  cubits  on  this  side,  and  five  cubits  on  that  side  ; 
and  the  breadth  of  the  gate  was  three  cubits  on  this  side,  and  three 
cubits  on  that  side.  ^9  The  'length  of  the  porch  was  twenty  cubits,  and 
the  breadth  eleven  cubits ;  and  he  brought  me  by  the  steps  whereby 
they  went  up  to  it ;  and  there  were  "'pillars  by  the  posts,  one  on  this 
side,  and  another  on  that  side. 

1  Afterward  he  brought  me  to  the  temple,  and  measured  Ezekiel  xli. 
the  posts,  six  cubits  broad  on  the  one  side,  and  six  cubits 
broad  on  the  otherside,  which  was  the  breadth  of  the  tabernacle.  -And 
the  breadth  of  the  tdoor  was  ten  cubits  ;  and  the  sides  of  the  door 
were  five  cubits  on  the  one  side,  and  five  cubits  on  the  other  side  :  and 
he  measured  the  length  thereof,  forty  cubits  ;  and  the  breadth,  tw^enty 
cubits. 

^  Then  went  he  inward,  and  measured  the  post  of  the  door,  two 
cubits  ;  and  the  door,  six  cubits  ;  and  the  breadth  of  the  door,  seven 
cubits.  ^  So  "he  measured  the  length  tliereof,  twenty  cubits  ;  and  the 
breadth,  twenty  cubits,  before  the  temple  ;  and  he  said  unto  me.  This 
is  the  most  holy  place. 

^  After  he  measured  the  wall  of  the  house,  six  cubits  ;  and  the  breadth 
of  every  side  chamber,  four  cubits,  round  about  the  house  on  every  side. 
•^And  "the  side  chambers  were  three,  tone  over  another,  and  *thirty  in 
order  ;  and  they  entered  into  the  wall  which  was  of  the  house  for  the 
side  chambers  round  about,  that  they  might  fhave  hold,  but  they  had 
not  hold  in  the  wall  of  the  house.  ^  And  tthere  was  an  enlarging,  and 
a  winding  about  still  upward  to  the  side  chambers  ;  (for  the  winding 
about  of  the  house  went  still  upward  round  about  the  house  ;)  there- 
fore the  breadth  of  the  house  was  still  upward,  and  so  increased  from 
the  lowest  chamber  to  the  highest  by  the  midst.  ^  1  saw  also  the  height 
of  the  house  round  about  ;  the  foundations  of  the  side  chambers  were 
a  full  reed  of  six  great  cubits.  ^  The  thickness  of  the  wall,  which  was 
for  the  side  chamber  without,  was  five  cubits  ;  and  that  which  was 


1030 


EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.     [Period  VII. 


•  Or,  several 
walks,  or,  icalks 
Kith  pillars. 


t  Heb.  eeUing  of 

J  Or,  and  the 
ground  unto  the 
windoicn. 

*  Hfib.  measures. 

p  IKi.  6.29. 


q  See  Ez.  1.  10. 


t  Heb.  post. 
rEx.  30.  1. 

s  Mai.  1.  7,  12. 

t  Ex.  .30.  8. 

w  1  Ki.  6.  31-3.5. 


J  Or,  did  eat  of 
these. 

•  Or,  and  the 
building  consist- 
ed of  the  lower 
and  the  middle- 
most. 


left  was  the  place  of  the  side  chambers  that  were  within.  ^"And  be- 
tween the  chambers  was  the  wideness  of  twenty  cubits  round  about 
the  house  on  every  side.  ^^  And  the  doors  of  the  side  chambers  were 
toward  the  place  that  was  left,  one  door  toward  the  north,  and  another 
door  toward  the  south  ;  and  the  breadth  of  the  place  that  was  left  was 
five  cubits  round  about. 

^'^  Now  the  building  that  was  before  the  separate  place  at  the  end 
toward  the  west  was  seventy  cubits  broad  ;  and  the  wall  of  the  build- 
ing was  five  cubits  thick  round  about,  and  the  length  thereof  ninety 
cubits.  ^■^  So  he  measured  the  house,  an  hundred  cubits  long  ;  and  the 
separate  place,  and  the  building,  with  the  walls  thereof,  an  hundred 
cubits  long  ;  i"*  also  the  breadth  of  the  face  of  the  house,  and  of  the 
separate  place  toward  the  east,  an  hundred  cubits. 

'^  And  he  measured  the  length  of  the  building  over  against  the  sep- 
arate place  which  was  behind  it,  and  the  *  galleries  thereof  on  the  one 
side  and  on  the  other  side,  an  hundred  cubits,  with  the  inner  temple, 
and  the  porches  of  the  court  ;  '^  the  door  posts,  and  the  narrow  win- 
dows, and  the  galleries  round  about  on  their  three  stories,  over  against 
the  door,  tceiled  with  wood  round  about,  tand  from  the  ground  up  to 
the  windows,  and  the  windovt's  were  covered;  ^^to  that  above  the 
door,  even  unto  the  inner  house,  and  without,  and  by  all  the  wall  round 
about  within  and  without,  by  *measure. 

''^  And  it  was  made  ^with  cherubim  and  palm  trees,  so  that  a  palm 
tree  was  between  a  cherub  and  a  cherub  ;  (and  every  cherub  had  two 
faces,  1^  so  'that  the  face  of  a  man  was  toward  the  palm  tree  on  the 
one  side,  and  the  face  of  a  young  lion  toward  the  palm  tree  on  the 
other  side  :)  it  was  made  through  all  the  house  round  about.  ^^  From 
the  ground  unto  above  the  door  were  cherubim  and  palm  trees  made, 
and  on  the  wall  of  the  temple. 

-'  The  +posts  of  the  temple  were  squared,  and  the  face  of  the  sanctu- 
ary ;  the  appearance  of  the  one  as  the  appearance  of  the  other. 

"--  The  ""altar  of  wood  was  three  cubits  high,  and  the  length  thereof 
two  cubits  ;  and  the  corners  thereof,  and  the  length  thereof,  and  the 
walls  thereof,  were  of  wood  ;  and  he  said  unto  me,  This  is  'the  table 
that  is  'before  the  Lord. 

'^^  And  "the  temple  and  the  sanctuary  had  two  doors.  -''  And  the  doors 
had  two  leaves  apiece,  two  turning  leaves  ;  two  leaves  for  the  one  door, 
and  two  leaves  for  the  other  door.  ~'^  And  there  were  made  on  them, 
on  the  doors  of  the  temple,  cherubim  and  palm  trees,  like  as  were 
made  upon  the  walls ;  and  there  were  thick  planks  upon  the  face  of 
the  porch  without.  ~^  And  there  were  narrow  windows  and  palm  trees 
on  the  one  side  and  on  the  other  side,  on  the  sides  of  the  porch,  and 
upon  the  side  chambers  of  the  house,  and  thick  planks. 

^  Then  he  brought  me  forth  into  the  outer  court,  the  way  Ezekiel  xlii. 
toward  the  north  ;  and  he  brought  me  into  the  chamber 
that  was  over  against  the  separate  place,  and  which  was  before  the 
buildinir  toward  the  north.  "^  Before  the  length  of  an  hundred  cubits 
was  the  north  door,  and  the  breadth  was  fifty  cubits.  ^Qvcr  against 
the  twenty  cubits  which  were  for  the  inner  court,  and  over  against  the 
pavement  which  was  for  the  outer  court,  was  gallery  against  gallery  in 
three  stories.  *  And  before  the  chambers  was  a  walk  of  ten  cubits' 
breadth  inward,  a  way  of  one  cubit;  and  their  doors  toward  the  north. 
5  Now  the  upper  chambers  were  shorter  ;  for  the  galleries  Iwere  higher 
than  these,  *than  the  lower,  and  than  the  middlemost  of  the  building. 
^  For  they  were  in  three  stories,  but  had  not  pillars  as  the  pillars  of  the 
courts  ;  therefore  the  building  was  straitened  more  than  the  lowest  and 
the  middlemost  from  the  ground. 


Part  IV.]  EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.  1031 

■^  And  tiie  wall  that  was  without  over  against  the  chambers,  toward 
the  outer  court  on  the  forepart  of  the  chambers,  the  length  thereof  was 
fifty  cubits.  '^  For  the  length  of  the  chambers  that  were  in  the  outer 
court  was  fifty  cubits;  and,  lo  !  before  the  temple  were  an  hundred 
I  or,/r™t  the       cubits.  ^  x\nd  tfrom  under  these  chambers  was  t the  entry  on  the  east  side, 
xtT,'hethat        *as  one  goeth  into  them  from  the  outer  court.   ^^  The  chambers  were 
br„uuht  me.        [^  (^j-,g  thickucss  of  the  wall  of  the  court  towards  the  east,  over  against 
*  Or,  a.  Ae  came.   ^^^^  separate  place,  and  over  against  the  building.  ^^  And  the  way  be- 
fore them  was  like  the  appearance  of  the  chambers  which  were  toward 
the  north,  (as  long  as  they,  and  as  broad  as  they  ;)   and  all  their  goings 
out  were  both  according  to  their  fashions,  and  according  to  their  doors. 
12  And  according  to  the  doors  of  the  chambers  that  were  toward  the 
south  was  a  door  in  the  head  of  the  way,  even  the  way  directly  before 
the  wall  toward  the  east,  as  one  entereth  into  them. 

1^  Then  said  lie  unto  me,  The  north  chambers  and  the  south  cham- 
bers, which  are  before  the  separate  place,  they  be  holy  cliambers,  where 
V  Le.  6. 16, 3(5.  &  the  priests  that  approach  unto  the  Lord  "shall  eat  the  most  holy  things  ; 
Jte%  3  10.  &  there  shall  they  lay  the  most  holy  things,  and  "the  meat  offering,  and 
&7"''i'&to'l3"  the  sin  offering,  and  the  trespass  offering,  for  the  place  is  holy.  ^^  When 
i4.Nu.i8.9",io:  the  priests  enter  therein,  then,  shall  they  not  go  out  of  the  holy  place 
into  the  outer  court,  but  there  they  shall  lay  their  garments  wherein 
they  minister,  (for  they  are  holy ;)  and  shall  put  on  other  garments, 
and  shall  approach  to  those  things  which  are  for  the  people. 

15 Now  when  he  had  made  an  end  of  measuring  the  inner  house,  he 
brought  me  forth  toward  the  gate  whose  prospect  is  toward  the  east, 
^Heb.  wind.  and  measured  it  round  about.  ^^  He  measured  the  east  iside  with  the 
measuring  reed,  five  hundred  reeds,  with  the  measuring  reed  round 
about,  1'  He  measured  the  north  side,  five  hundred  reeds,  with  the 
measuring  reed  round  about.  ^^  He  measured  the  south  side,  five  hun- 
dred reeds,  with  the  measuring  reed,  i-'  He  turned  about  to  the  west 
side,  and  measured  five  hundred  reeds  with  the  measuring  reed.  ^^  He 
measured  it  by  the  four  sides  ;  it  had  a  wall  round  about,  five  hundred 
reeds  long,  and  five  hundred  broad,  to  make  a  separation  between  the 
sanctuary  and  the  profane  place. 

1  Afterward  he  brought  me  to  the  gate,  even  the  gate  Ezekiel  xlm. 

xEz.  11.23.        that  looketh  toward  the  east;  -and,  'behold,  the  glory  of  the  God  of 

2,  Ez.  1.24.  Re.  I.  Israel  came  from  the  way  of  the  east,  and  Hiis  voice  was  like  a  noise 

}9:tb^"'■^     of  many  waters  ;  'and  the  earth  shined  with  his  glory  !  ^  And  it  was 

I  Ez.^'io.  4.  Re.    according  to  the  appearance  of  the  vision  which  I  saw,  even  according 

Xo,;'toprophc„j    to  the  visiou  that  I  saw  when   I  came  tto  destroy  the   city;  and  the 

"IwAfl       visions  were  like  the  vision  that  I  saw  "by  the  river  Chebar,  and  I  fell 

fTfZle^i'  upo"  "ly  ^^ce.     '^And  the  glory  of  the  Lord  came  into  the  house  by 

10. '  ■  ■ '"  "■  ■    the   way  of   the  gate   whose  prospect  is  toward  the  east.    ^  So  the 

aEz.  1.  3.&3.     gp.^.^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^^  ^j^j  brought  uic  iuto  the  inner  court  ;  and,  behold, 

6 1  Ki.  8. 10, 11.    the  ''glory  of  the  Lord  filled  the  house!  "^  And  I  heard  him  speaking 

unto^me  out  of  the  house  ;  and  the  man  stood  by  me.  '  And  he  said 

unto  me, — 

c Ex. 29. 45. Ps.        Son  of  man! 

MiloeiVn.  The  place  of  mv  throne,  and  the  place  of  the  soles  of  my  feet, 

jo.^1. 14. 2  Co.         (^where  T  will  dwell  in  the  midst  of  the  children  of  Israel  for  ever,) 
d  Le.  26. 30.  Je.        And  my  holy  name,  shall  the  house  of  Israel  no  more  defile, 
eSeJ2Ki.i6.14.       Neither  they,  nor  their  kings,  by  their  whoredom, 
Ez^  8  3  &  23.         Nor  by  the  "carcasses  of  their  kings  in  their  high  places. 
3!)!'  '  '       "      8  j,^  'their  setting  of  their  threshold  by  my  thresholds, 
*^a's'  ^T«ta«         And  their  post  by  my  posts, 
ttm^ '"*'""'         *And  the  wall  between  me  and  them. 


1032  EZEKIEL'S  VISIO^^  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.     [Periop  Vll. 

They  have  even  defiled  my  lioly  name 
By  their  abominations  tliat  they  have  committed  ; 
Wherefore  I  have  consumed  them  in  mine  anger. 
^  Now  let  them  put  away  their  whoredom, 
And  the  carcasses  of  their  kings,  far  from  me, 
And  I  will  dwell  in  the  midst  of  them  for  ever. 
^°  Thou  son  of  man,  show  the  house  to  the  house  of  Israel, 
That  they  may  be  ashamed  of  their  iniquities  ; 
^rmmC"''"''  -^'**^^  ^^^  them  measure  the  tpattern. 

^^  And  if  they  be  ashamed  of  all  that  tliey  have  done. 

Show  them  the  form  of  tiie  house,  and  the  fashion  thereof. 

And  the  goings  out  thereof,  and  the  comings  in  thereof. 

And  all  the  forms  thereof,  and  all  the  ordinances  thereof. 

And  all  the  forms  thereof,  and  all  the  laws  thereof; 

And  write  it  in  their  sight, 

That  they  may  keep  the  whole  form  thereof. 

And  all  the  ordinances  thereof,  and  do  them. 

i^This  is  the  law  of  the  house.  Upon  the  top  of  the  mountain  the 
whole  limit  thereof  round  about  shall  be  most  holy.  Behold,  this  is 
the  law  of  the  house. 

^^  And  these  are  the  measures  of  the  altar  after  the  cubits.     The 

t  Heb.  bosom.       cubit  is  a  cubit  and  a  hand  breadth  ;  even  the  tbottom  shall  be  a  cubit, 

*Heb.  zi>.  ai^fi  tjie  breadth  a  cubit,  and  the  border  thereof  by  the  *edge  thereof 

round  about  shall  be  a  span  :  and  this  shall  be  the  higher  place  of  the 

altar.   ^^  And  from  the  bottom  upon  the  ground  even  to  the  lower  settle 

shall  be  two  cubits,  and   the  breadth  one  cubit ;  and  from  the  lesser 

settle  even  to  the  greater  settle  shall  be  four  cubits,  and  the  breadth 

^^^vl/^oun^in^  ^^^  cubit.   ^^  So  tthc  altar  shall  be  four  cubits  ;  and  from  tthe  altar  and 

of  Ood.  upward  shall   be  four  horns.   '^And   tlie    altar  shall  be  twelve  cubits 

^if,^iJi'e'n?n^of^^^  long,  twelve  broad,  square  in  the  four  squares  thereof.   ^^  And  the  settle 

Ood.  Is.  29. 1.     gj^jjji  ]^Q  fourteen  cubits  long  and  fourteen   broad  in  the  four  squares 

thereof ;  and  the  border  about  it  shall  be  half  a  cubit ;  and  the  bottom 

/See Ex.  20. 26.   thereof   shall   be  a  cubit   about;    and  -^his   stairs   shall   look    toward 

the  east. 

^'^  And  he  said  unto  me.   Son  of  man,  thus  saith  the  Lord  God  ; 
These  are  the  ordinances  of  the  altar  in  the  day  when  they  shall  make 
g'Le.  1. 5.  jj^  ^Q  Q^-gj.  burnt  offerings  thereon,  and   ^to  sprinkle  blood  thereon. 

^^And  thou  shalt  give  to  the  priests  the  Levites  that  be  of  the  seed  of 
Zadok,  which  approach  unto  me,  to  minister  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord 
'^he's^ii^ip'    ^°^'  ''^  y*^*^",?  bullock  for  a  sin  offering.  ~^  And  thou  shalt  take  of  the 
blood  thereof,  and  put  it  on  the  four  horns  of  it,  and  on  the  four  cor- 
ners of  the  settle,  and  upon  the  border  round  about  ;  thus  shalt  thou 
cleanse  and  purge  it.  -'  Thou  shalt  take  the  bullock  also  of  the  sin 
tEx.  29. 14.         offering,  and  he  'shall  burn  it  in  the  appointed  place  of  the  house, 
jHe.  13. 11.        -'Without  tlie  sanctuary.  --  And  on  the  second  day  tliou  shalt  offer  a  kid 
of  the  goats  witliout  blemish  for  a  sin  offering  ;  and  they  shall  cleanse 
the  altar,  as  they  did  cleanse   it  with  the  bullock.  -''When  thou  hast 
made  an  end  of  cleansing  it,  thou  shalt  offer  a  young  bullock  without 
blemish,  and  a  ram  out  of  the  flock  without  blemish.  -^  And  thou  shalt 
k  I.e.  2. 13.         offer  them  before  the  Lord,  *and  the  priests  shall  cast  salt  upon  them, 
and  they  shall   offer   them   up  for  a  burnt   offering  unto  the   Lord. 
'Le'8^33^'^'''    ~°  Seven  'days  shalt  thou  prepare  every  day  a  goat  for  a  sin  oflTering  ; 
they  shall  also  prepare  a  young  bullock,  and  a  ram  out  of  the  flock, 
without  blemish.  ~^  Seven  days  shall  they  purge  the  altar  and  purify 
*Mi^iix^^9.     ^'- '  ^"^   they  shall  *  consecrate   themselves.  ~^  And  '"when   these  days 
2^-   '  are  expired,  it  shall  be,  that  upon  the  eighth  day,  and  so  forward,  the 


Part  IV.]  EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.  1033 

t  Or,  thank  offer-   pricsts  sliall  make  your  burnt  oflerings  upon  the  altar,  and  your  f  peace 

„"ifb'42. 8.  Ez.    offerings  ;  and  I  will  "accept  you,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

ti  f'lVe^b        ^  Tlien  he  brought  me  back  the  way  of  the  gate  of  the  Ezekiel  xliv. 
^     ""   outward  sanctuary  which  looketh  toward  the  east;  and  it 

was  shut.  -Then  said  the  Lord  unto  me,  This  gate  shall  be  shut,it  shall 
not  be  opened,  and  no  man  shall  enter  in  by  it;  because  the  Lord,  the 
God  of  Israel,  hath  entered  in  by  it,  therefore  it  shall  be  shut.  ^  It  is 

oGe.  31^54^        foj.  ^\^q  priucc  ;  the  prince,  he  shall  sit  in  it  to  "eat  bread  before  the 

ICo.  10.  18.  ^^^^  _     ^^  ^^^jl  ^^^^^^  ^^^   ^j^^   ^^^^   ^^    ^j^^  p^^^j^  ^^   ^j^^j   g^^g^  ^j^j  gj^^jj 

go  out  by  the  way  of  the  same. 

4  Then  brought  he  me  the  way  of  the  north  gate  before  the  house. 
And  I  looked,  and,  behold,  the  glory  of  the  Lord  filled  the  house 
of  the  Lord  ;  and  I  fell  upon  my  face.  ^  And  the  Lord  said  unto  me, 
tHeb.settAy       g^^,-,   gf  ,^^^,t,  I   jmarlf  wcU,  and   behold  with  thine  eyes,  and  hear  with 
thine  ears  all  that  I  say  unto  thee  concerning  all  the  ordinances  of  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  and  all  the  laws  thereof;  and  mark  well  the  en- 
tering in  of  the  house,  with  every  going  forth  of  the  sanctuary.  ^  And 
thou'shalt  say  to  the  rebellious,  even  to  the  house  of  Israel,  Thus  saith 
yiPe.4.3.         t^g  Lo,.(j  Qq^^  q  yc  house   of  Israel,  ''let  it  suffice  you  of  all  your 
q  .Ac.  21. 28.        abominations,  '  in  'that  ye  have  brought  into  my  sanctuary  *strangers, 
*l'£knfer':Z"!  ''uncircumciscd  in  heart,  and  uncircumcised  in  flesh,  to  be  in  my  sanc- 
^^■^'  tuary,  to  pollute  it,  even  my  house,  when  ye  offer  'my  bread,  'the  fat 

"IC\f.M:i°ti.  and  the  blood,  and  they  have  broken  my  covenant  because  of  all  your 
.Le.  21. 6, 8, 17,  abomiiiations.  » And  ye  have  not  "kept  the  charge  of  my  holy  things  ; 
t  se'e  Ge.  9. 4.      but  yc  havc  sct  kecpeis  of  my  tcharge  in  my  sanctuary  for  yourselves. 
Le.  3.  iG.  &  17.       9  ^^^^^  ^^^^^  ^j^^  ^^^^  ^^^   ^^   stiauger,  uncircumcised  in  heart, 

u  Le.  22. 2,  &e.  ^^^  uucircumclscd  in  flesh,  shall  enter  into  my  sanctuary,  of  any  stranger 

^w;;:"«':"'  that  is  among  the  children  of  Israel.   ^^  And  "the  Levites  that  are  gone 

^'te^Ez^o  away  far  from   me,  when  Israel  went  astray,  which  went  astray  away 

^''-  '  from  me  after  their  idols;  they  shall  even  bear  their  iniquity.  ^'  let 

t,  See  2  Ki.  23.  8,  'J  ,    .,  .  r 

&c.  2  Ch.  29.  4, 

^■j  j,j  2-  ,        the  house,  and  ministering 

x2ci'.'29.'3-l.  offering  and  the  sacrifice  for  the  people,  and  ^they  shall  stand  before 
i/Xu.  1G.9.  them  to  minister  unto  them.  ^'^ Because  they  ministered  unto  theni 
X  weh.werefora  bcforc  thclr  idols,  and  tcaused  the  house  of  Israel  to  fall  into  iniquity  ; 

Ti^'S'^,   therefore  have  I  lifted  up  my  hand  aoainst  them,  saith  the  Lord  God, 

....  ,j. 


trom  me  alter  tneir  laois  ;  iney  suan  even  ucai  tutu  iwi^c^.t^.  --o 
they  shall  be  ministers  in  my  sanctuary,  "having  charge  at  the  gates  of 
the  house,  and  ministering  to  the  house  ;  "they  shall  slay  the  burnt 


f^-g'^TG' Mai."-  and  they  shall  bear  their  iniquity.    ^^And  ''they  shall  not  come  ncc 
'•  ^'-  unto  me,  to  do  the  office  of  a  priest  unto  me,  nor  to  come  near  to 

z2_k,.23.9.Nu.  ^^^    of   my  holy   things,   in   the   most   holy   place;    but    they   shall 
bear  their  shame,  and  their  abominations  which  they  have  committed. 
aNu.  18.4.  ich.  lijixii  I  will  iiiakc  them  "keepers  of  the  charge  of  the   house,  for  all 
''"''''■          the  service  thereof,  and  for  all  that  shall   be   done   therein.     '' Bxit 
6isa.2.35.        the    pricsts    the  Levites,  Hhe    sons  of  Zadok,  that   kept  the  charge 
of  my  sanctuary  when  the  children  of  Israel  went  astray  from  me,  they 
cDe.  10.8.         shall  come  near  to  me  to  minister  unto  me,  and  they  'shall  stand  be- 
fore me  to  offer  unto  me  the  fat  and  the  blood,  saith  the   Lord  God  ; 
16  they  shall  enter  into  my  sanctuary,  and  they  shall  come  near  to  my 
table,  to  minister  unto  me,  and   they  shall  keep  my  charge.   ^'  And  it 
shall  come  to  pass,  that  when  they  enter  in  at  the  gates  of  the  inner 
d  Ex.  2s.  39, 40,    court,  ""they  shall  be  clothed  with  "hnen  garments;  and  no  wool  shall 
43.  ^39. 27, 2d.  ^^^^  ^^^^^  ^1^^^^^  ^^l^.j^  ^^^^  minister  in  the  gates  of  the  inner  court, 

e  Ex.  23, 40, 42.    aud  withlu.  ^^  They  'shall  have  hnen  bonnets  upon  their  heads,  and 

^^^•^'^-  '        shall  have  linen  breeches  upon  their  loins;  they  shall  not  gird  them- 

*  Or,  m  .,,P,"atm?  selves   *with   any  thing   that   causeth  sweat.     ^^  And   when  they  go 

^^uk!^ai^'   forth  i^nto  the  outer  court,  even  into  the  outer  court  to  the  people,  they 

shall  put  off  their  <Tarments  wherein  they  ministered,  and  lay  them  in 

the  holy  chambers^  and  they  shall  put  on  other  garments  ;  and  they 

VOL.  I.  130  4 1 


1034 


EZEKIEL'S  VTSIOX  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.     [PLTaoD  VIL 


/See  Ex.  29.  37. 

&  30.  29.  he.  6. 

27   Mai.  23.  17, 

19. 
^Le.  21.5. 
h  Le.  10.  9. 
i  Le.  21.  7,  13, 

U. 
t  Heb.  thrust 

forth. 
X  Heb.  from  a 

priest, 
jhe.  10.  10,  11. 

Mai.  2.  7. 
t  De.  17.  8,  &.C. 

2  Ch.  19.  8,  10. 

JLe.  21.  l,&c. 


0  Nu.  18.  20.  De. 
10.  9.  &  18.  1,2. 
Jos.  13.  14,  33. 


5  Le.  27.  21,28, 
compared  with 
Nu.  18.  14. 

*  Or,  devoted. 

t  Or,  chief.  See 

Ex.  13.  2.  &  23. 

19. 
r  Nu.  15.  20.  Ne. 

10.  37. 
s  Pr.  3.  9,  10. 

Mai.  3.  10. 
«Ex.  22.  31.  Le. 

22.8. 
\  Heb.  whe.n  ye 

cause  the  land 

to  fall. 

*  Heb.  holiness. 


■f  Or,  void  places. 


u  See  Je.  22. 
Ez.  2>.  27. 


shall  ^not  sanctify  the  people  with  their  garments.  ~^  Neitlier  "^shall 
they  shave  their  heads,  nor  suffer  their  locks  to  grow  long  ;  they  shall 
only  poll  their  heads.  ^^  Neither  ''shall  any  priest  drink  wine,  when  they 
enter  into  the  inner  court.  ^'  Neither  shall  they  take  for  their  wives  'a 
widow,  nor  her  that  is  +put  away  ;  but  they  shall  take  maidens  of  the 
seed  of  the  house  of  Israel,  or  a  widow  tthat  had  a  priest  before.  ^^  And 
■'they  shall  teach  my  people  the  difference  between  the  holy  and  pro- 
fane, and  cause  them  to  discern  between  the  unclean  and  the  clean. 
^^  And  *in  controversy  they  shall  stand  in  judgment ;  and  they  shall 
judge  it  according  to  my  judgments  ;  and  they  shall  keep  my  laws  and 
my  statutes  in  all  mine  assemblies  ;  and  they  shall  hallow  my  Sabbaths. 
-^And  thev  shall  come  at  no  'dead  person  to  defile  themselves  ;  but  for 
father,  or  for  mother,  or  for  son.  or  for  daughter,  for  brother,  or  for 
sister  that  hath  had  no  husband,  they  may  defile  themselves.  "''And 
""after  he  is  cleansed,  they  shall  reckon  unto  him  seven  days.  ~''  And 
in  the  day  that  he  goeth  into  the  sanctuary,  unto  the  inner  court, 
to  minister  in  the  sanctuary,  "he  shall  offer  his  sin  offering,  saith  the 
Lord  God.  ^^  And  it  shall  be  unto  them  for  an  inheritance  :  I  °am 
their  inheritance  ;  and  ye  shall  give  them  no  possession  in  Israel :  I  am 
their  possession.  ^'•'  They  ''shall  eat  the  meat  offering,  and  the  sin  of- 
fering, and  the  trespass  offering  ;  and  'every  *dedicated  thing  in  Israel 
shairbe  theirs,  ^o  And  the  ffirst  of  all  the  firstfruits  of  all  things,  and 
every  oblation  of  all,  of  every  sort  of  your  oblations,  shall  be  the 
priest's  ;  "ye  shall  also  give  unto  the  priest  the  first  of  your  dough, 
'that  he  may  cause  theblessing  to  rest  in  thy  house.  ^'  The  priest 
shall  not  eat  of  any  thing  that  is  'dead  of  itself,  or  torn,  whether  it  be 
fowl  or  beast. 

'  Moreover,  Uvhen  ye  shall  divide  by  lot  the  land  for  Ezekiel  xlv. 
inheritance,  ye  shall  offer  an  oblation  unto  the  Lord,  "a 
holy  portion  of  the  land  ;  the  length  shall  be  the  length  of  five  and 
twenty  thousand  reeds,  and  the  breadth  shall  be  ten  thousand.  This 
shall  be  lioly  in  all  the  borders  thereof  round  about.  -  Of  this  there 
shall  be  for  the  sanctuary  five  hundred  in  length,  with  five  hundred  in 
breadth,  square  round  about ;  and  fifty  cubits  round  about  for  the 
tsuburbs  thereof.  ^  And  of  this  measure  shalt  thou  measure  the  length 
of  five  and  twenty  thousand,  and  the  breadth  of  ten  thousand  ;  and 
in  it  shall  be  the  sanctuary  and  the  most  holy  place.  "^  The  holy  portion 
of  the  land  shall  be  for  the  priests  the  ministers  of  the  sanctuary,  which 
shall  come  near  to  minister  unto  the  Lord  ;  and  it  shall  be  a  j)lace 
for  their  houses,  and  a  holy  place  for  the  sanctuary.  ^And  the  five 
and  twenty  thousand  of  length,  and  the  ten  thousand  of  breadth,  shall 
also  the  Levites,  the  ministers  of  the  house,  have  for  themselves,  for 
a  possession  for  twenty  chambers.  ^  And  ye  shall  appoint  the  pos- 
session of  the  city  five  thousand  broad,  and  five  and  twenty  thousand 
long,  over  against  the  oblation  of  the  holy  portion  ;  it  shall  be  for 
the  whole  house  of  Israel.  "  And  a  portion  shall  be  for  the  prince  on 
the  one  side  and  on  the  other  side  of  the  oblation  of  the  holy  portion, 
and  of  the  possession  of  the  city,  before  the  oblation  of  the  holy 
portion,  and  before  the  possession  of  the  city,  from  the  west  side 
westward,  and  from  the  east  side  eastward :  and  the  length  shall  be 
over  against  one  of  the  portions,  from  the  west  border  unto  the  east 
border.  « In  the  land  shall  be  his  possession  in  Israel ;  and  "my  princes 
shall  no  more  oppress  my  people  ;  and  the  rest  of  the  land  shall  they 
give  to  the  house  of  Israel  according  to  their  tribes. 

9  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God,   Let  "it  suffice   you,  O  princes  of  Israel ! 
"remove  violence   and  spoil,  and  execute  judgment  and  justice,  take 


lllgS, 


IPakt  IV.]  EZEIvIEL'S  VISION  OP  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.  1035 

t  Heb.  c^iuZsioiis.  away  your  texactions  from  my  people,  saith  the  Lord  God.   ^^  Ye  shall 

VA/V^'^'^'  ^^^^'^  i^^^  balances,  and  a  just  ephah,  and  a  just  bath.  ^^The  ephah 
and  the  bath  shall  be  of  one  measure,  that  tiie  bath  may  contain  the 
tenth  part  of  a  homer,  and  the  ephah  the  tenth  part  of  a  homer  ;  the 

"sT^ao^^If "s^"'  "measure  tiiereof  shall  be  after  the  homer.   ^~  And  the  ""shekel  shall  be 

'"'■    '  twenty  gerahs  ;  twenty  shekels,  five  and  twenty  shekels,  fifteen  shekels, 

shall  be  your  maneh. 

^^  This  is  the  oblation  that  ye  shall  oflTer ;  the  sixth  part  of  an  ephah 
of  a  homer  of  wheat,  and  ye  shall  give  the  sixth  part  of  an  ephah 
of  a  homer  of  barley.  ^^  Concerning  the  ordinance  of  oil,  the  bath 
of  oil,  ye  shall  ofter  the  tenth  part  of  a  bath  out  of  the  cor,  which  is 

*Or,kid.  ^  homer  of  ten  baths  ;  for  ten  baths  are  a  homer,   ^^  And   one  *lamb 

out  of  the  flock,  out  of  two  hundred,  out  of  the  fat  pastures  of  Israel ; 

t.o^"'""'"'-^'"'-   for  a  meat  ofiering,  and  for  a  burnt  offering,  and  for  T|jeace  offerings, 

yLe.1.4.  ^to    make    reconciliation    for    them,  saith    the  Lord  God.   ^"^  All    the 

tHeh.  shall  be      people  of  tlic  land  tshall  give  this  oblation  *for  the  prince  in  Israel. 

*  Or,  wuii.  "And  it  shall  be  the  prince's  part  to  give  burnt  offerings,  and  meat 

offerings,  and  drink  offerings,  in  the  feasts,  and  in  the  new  moons,  and 
in  the  Sabbaths,  in  all  solemnities  of  the  house  of  Israel ;  he  shall  pre- 
pare the  sin  offering,  and  the  meal  offering,  and  the  burnt  offering,  and 

^Hi's''^™*'  ''■^''-   the  tpeace  offerings,  to  make  reconciliation  for  the  house  of  Israel. 

i^Thus  saith  tiie  Lord  God,  In  the  first  month,  in  the  first  day 
of  the  month,  thou  shalt  take  a  young  bullock  without  blemish,  and 
'cleanse  the  sanctuary.  '^  And  the  priest  shall  take  of  the  blood  of  the 
sin  offering,  and  put  it  upon  tiie  posts  of  the  house,  and  upon  the  four 
corners  of  the  settle  of  the  altar,  and  upon  the  posts  of  the  gate  of 
the  inner  court.  ~^  And  so  thou  shalt  do  the  seventh  day  of  the  month 
"for  every  one  that  erreth,  and  for  him  that  is  simple  ;  so  shall  ye 
reconcile  the  house. 

''^'  In  Hhe  first  month,  in  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  month,  ye  shall 
have  the  Passover,  a  feast  of  seven  days  ;  unleavened  bread  shall  be 
eaten.  ~-^And  upon  that  day  shall  the  prince  prepare  for  himself  and 

'/he  23^8  ^'^^  ^'^  ^'^^  people  of  the  land  'a  bullock  for  a  sin  offering.  '^^  And  "seven 

days  of  the  feast  he  shall  prepare  a  burnt  offering  to  the  Lord,  seven 

^al! 3o!^&  i:  sf '  bullocks  and  seven  rams  without  blemish  daily  the  seven  days  ;   'and  a 
ii;  16, 19,  &c.'    ].[f[  of  thg  goats  daily  for  a  sin  offering.  ^^  And  he  shall  prepare  a  meat 
offering  of  an  ephah  for  a  bullock,  and  an  ephah  for  a  ram,  and  a  hin 
of  oil  for  an  ephah. 

^^In  the  seventh  month,  in  the  fifteenth  day  of  the  month,  shall 

/Le.^23.^33.  Nu.   hc  do  tlic  Hkc  iu  the -'fcast   of  the  seven  days,  according  to   the  sin 
is!  ""     '         offering,  according  to  the  burnt  offering,  and  according  to  the  meat 
offering,  and  according  to  the  oil. 

1  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God,  The  gate  of  the  inner  Ezekiel  xlvi. 
court  that  looketh  toward  the  east  shall  be  shut  the  six 
working  days  ;  but  on  the  Sabbath  it  shall  be  opened,  and  in  the  day 
of  the  new-moon  it  shall  be  opened.  ~  And  the  prince  shall  enter  by 
the  way  of  the  porch  of  that  gate  without,  and  shall  stand  by  the  post 
of  the  gate,  and  the  priests  shall  prepare  his  burnt  ofiering  and  his 
peace  offerings,  and  he  shall  worship  at  the  threshold  of  the  gate  ; 
then  he  shall  go  forth,  but  the  gate  shall  not  be  shut  until  the  evening. 
^  Likewise  the  people  of  the  land  shall  worship  at  the  door  of  this  gate 
before  the  Lord  in  the  Sabbaths  and  in  the  new-moons.  "And  the 
burnt  offering  that  the  prince  shall  offer  unto  the  Lord  in  the 
Sabbath  day  shall  be  six  lambs  without  blemish,  and  a  ram  without 
blemish.  ^  And  the  meat  offering  shall  be  an  ephah  for  a  ram,  and  the 

J  Heb.  the  ,nn »'  meat  offering  for  the  lambs  tas   he  shall  be  able  to  give,  and  a  hin  of 

h,shund,vie.  iG.  ^,j  ^^  _^^^^  epliali.  "^  And  in  the  day  of  the  new-moon  it  shall  be  a  young 

bullock  without  blemish,   and   six  lambs,  and   a    ram  ;  they  shall  be 


1036  EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.     [Period  YIL 

without  blemish.  "  And  he  shall  prepare  a  meat  offering,  an  ephah  for 
a  bullock,  and  an  ephah  for  a  ram,  and  lor  the  lambs  according  as  his 
hand  shall  attain  unto,  and  a  hin  of  oil  to  an  ephah.  ^And  when  tlie 
prince  shall  enter,  he  shall  go  in  by  the  way  of  tlie  porcli  of  that  gate, 
and  he  shall  go  forth  by  the  way  thereof. 
'o^'^'iti'^^'  ^  -^"^  when  the  people  of  the  land  'shall  come  before  the  Loiti)  in  the 
solemn  feasts,  he  that  entereth  in  by  the  way  of  the  north  gate  to  wor- 
ship shall  go  out  by  the  way  of  the  south  gate  ;  and  he  that  entereth  by 
the  way  of  the  south  gate  shall  go  forth  by  the  way  of  the  north  gate : 
he  shall  not  return  by  the  way  of  the  gate  wjiereby  he  came  in,  but 
shall  go  forth  over  against  it.  ^^  And  the  prince  in  the  midst  of  them, 
when  they  go  in,  shall  go  in  ;  and  when  they  go  forth,  shall  go  forth. 
^^  And  in  the  feasts  and  in  the  solemnities  the  meat  oflering  shall  be 
an  ephah  to  a  bullock,  and  an  ephah  to  a  ram,  and  to  the  Iambs  as  he 
is  able  to  give,  and  a  hin  of  oil  to  an  ephah.  '-Now  when  the  prince 
shall  prepare  a  voluntary  burnt  offering  or  peace  offerings  voluntarily 
unto  the  Lord,  one  shall  then  open  him  the  gate  that  looketh  toward 
the  east,  and  he  shall  prepare  his  burnt  offering  and  his  peace  offerings, 
as  he  did  on  the  Sabbath  day  :  then  he  shall  go  forth,  and  after  his 
going  forth  one  shall  shut  the  gate. 
A Ex^29. 38. Nu.  isfj^f^^  '■ghalt  daily  prepare  a  burnt  offering  unto  the  Lord  of  a 
•  Heb.asonof  lamb  *of  the  first  year  without  blemish;  thou  shalt  prepare  it  tcvery 
his  year.  moming.  '^  And  thou  shalt  prepare  a  meat  offering  for  it  every  mornins:, 

f  Heb.  moming  .    ^  -  i      i  i       i  i  •     i  c  i  •      '     r       -i       IT 

bymomiag.  the  sixth  part  or  an  ephah,  and  the  tinrd  part  ot  a  nin  ol  oil,  to 
temper  with  the  fine  flour  ;  a  meat  offering  continually  by  a  perpetual 
ordinance  unto  the  Lord.  ^^Thus  shall  they  prepare  the  lamb,  and  the 
meat  offering,  and  the  oil,  every  morning  for  a  continual  burnt  oflering. 
16  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God,  If  the  prince  give  a  gift  unto  any  of 
his  sons,  the  inheritance  thereof  shall  be  his  sons'  ;  it  shall  be  their 
possession  by  inheritance.  ^'  But  if  he  give  a  gift  of  his  inheritance  to 
jLe.25. 10  Qne  of  his  servants,  then  it  shall  be  his  to  'the  year  of  liberty  ;  after  it 
shall  return  to  the  prince,  but  his  inheritance  shall  be  his  sons'  for  them. 
1®  Moreover  the  prince  shall  not  take  of  the  people's  inheritance  by 
oppression,  to  thrust  them  out  of  their  possession,  but  he  shall  give  his 
sons'  inheritance  out  of  his  own  possession  ;  that  my  people  be  not 
scattered  every  man  from  his  possession. 

'■'  After  he  brought  me  through  the  entry,  which  was  at  the  side  of 

the  gate,  into  the  holy  chambers  of  the   priests,  which  looked  toward 

the  north  ;  and,  behold,  there  was  a  place  on  the  two  sides  westward. 

20  Then  said   he  unto  me,  This  is  the  place   where  the  priests  shall 

j2Ch.35. 13.      >boil  the  trespass  offering  and  the  sin  oflering.  where  they  shall  *bake 

kLe.2.4,5,7.     ^^^  ^^^^_^^  offering  ;   that  diey  bear  them  not  out  into  the  outer  court,  to 

sanctify   the  people.  ~'  Then  he  brought  me  forth  into  the  outer  court, 

and  caused  me  to  pass  by  the  four  corners  of  the  court ;  and,  behold, 

^a"««i^';7r  '"  ^'"  every  corner  of  the  court  there  was  a  court.  ^~h\  the  four  corners 

court,  and  a        of  thc  court  thcrc  wcic  courts  joined  of  forty  cubits  long  and  thirty 

'ofTcour't."^"^  broad;  these  four  tcorners  were  of  one  measure.  -^And  there  was  a 

*0t,  made  with     j-q^  gf  buildiug  Touud  about  in  them,  round  about  them  four,  and  it 

{neKTor^ered.    was  made  with  boiling  places   under  the  rows  round  about.  -"'  Then 

said  he  unto  me,  These  are  the   places  of  them  that  boil,  where  the 

ministers  of  the  house  shall  boil  the  sacrifice  of  the  people. 

1  Afterward  he  brought  me  again  unto  the  door  of  the  Ezf.kiel  xlvii. 

'/rlVHl^"'  Chouse.    And.  behold,  'waters  issued  out  from   under  the 

Re.22. 1.  ■  ■     threshold  of  the  house  eastward  ;  for  the  forefront  of  the  house  stood 

toward  the  east,  and  the  waters  came  down  from  under  from  the  right 

side  of  the  house,  at  the  south  side  of  the  allar.  -  Then  brought  he  me 

out  of  the  way  of  the  gate  northward,  and  led  ine  about  the  way  with- 


Part  IV.] 


EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE. 


1037 


*  Heb.  waters  of 


t  Heb.  Up. 
VI  Re.  22.  2. 


J  Or,  plain  : 
see  De.  3.  17 
4.  49.  Jos.  3. 

*  Heb.  two  riv 


t  Or,  and  that 
which  shall  not 
be  healed. 

X  Heb.  shall  come 


Or,  principal. 


\  Or,  for  bruises 
and  sores.  Re. 
29.2. 

n  Ge.  48.  5.  1  Ch. 
5.  1. 

t  Or,  siDore.  Ge. 
12.  7.  &.  13.  15. 
&15.  7.  &I7.8. 
&  26.  3.  &  28. 
13. 


k  Or,  the  middle 

village. 


0  Nu.  20.  13.  De. 
3-1.51.  Pa.  81.  7 


X  Or,  Meribah. 
*  Or,  valley. 
f  Or,  toward  Tc 


p  See  Ep.  3.  G. 

Re.  7.  9,  10. 
g  Ro.  10.  12.  G:. 

3.  2.^.  Col.  3.  1 


out  unto  the  outer  gate  by  the  way  that  looketh  eastward  ;  and,  behold, 
there  ran  out  waters  on  the  right  side. 

3  And  when  the  man  that  had  the  hue  in  his  hand  went  forth  east- 
ward, he  measured  a  thousand  cubits,  and  he  brought  me  through  the 
waters  ;  the  twaters  were  to  the  ankles.  ^  Again  he  measured  a  thou- 
sand, and  brought  me  through  the  waters  ;  the  waters  were  to  the 
knees.  Again  he  measured  athousand,  and  brought  me  through  ;  the 
waters  were  to  the  loins.  ^  Afterward  he  measured  a  thousand,  and  it 
was  a  river  that  I  could  not  pass  over  ;  for  the  waters  were  risen, 
*waters  to  swim  in,  a  river  that  could  not  be  passed  over. 

6  And  lie  said  unto  me,  Son  of  man  !  hast  thou  seen  this?  Then 
he  brought  me,  and  caused  me  to  return  to  the  brink  of  the  river. 
''Now  when  I  had  returned,  behold,  at  the  tbank  of  the  river  w'ere 
very  many  '"trees  on  the  one  side  and  on  the  other.  ^  Then  said  he 
unto  me.  These  waters  issue  out  toward  the  east  country,  and  go 
down  into  the  tdesert,  and  go  into  the  sea ;  which  being  brought  forth 
into  the  sea,  the  waters  shall  be  healed.  '^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
that  every  thing  that  liveth,  which  moveth,  whithersoever  the  *rivers 
shall  come,  shall  live.  And  there  shall  be  a  very  great  multitude  of 
fish,  because  these  waters  shall  come  thither;  for  they  shall  be  healed, 
and  every  thing  shall  live  whither  the  river  cometh.  i°  And  it  shall  come 
to  pass,  that  the  fishers  shall  stand  upon  it  from  En-gedi  even  unto 
En-eglaim  ;  they  shall  be  a  place  to  spread  forth  nets  ;  their  fish  shall 
be  according  to  their  kinds,  as  the  fish  of  the  Great  Sea,  exceeding 
many,  i^  But  the  miry  places  thereof  and  the  marshes  thereof  tshall 
not  be  healed  ;  they  shall  be  given  to  salt.  ^~  And  by  the  river  upon 
the  bank  thereof,  on  this  side  and  on  that  side,  Jshall  grow  all  trees 
for  meat,  whose  leaf  shall  not  fade,  neither  shall  the  fruit  thereof  be 
consumed  ;  it  shall  bring  forth  *new  fruit  according  to  his  montlis, 
because  their  waters  they  issued  out  of  the  sanctuary  ;  and  the  fruit 
thereof  shall  be  for  meat,  and  the  leaf  thereof  +for  medicine. 

13  Thus-saith  the  Lord  God,  This  shall  be  the  border,  whereby  ye 
shall  inherit  the  land  according  to  the  twelve  tribes  of  Israel :  "Joseph 
shall  have  two  portions.  ^*  Andye  shall  inherit  it,  one  as  well  as  another  : 
concerning  the  which  I  tlifted  up  my  hand  to  give  it  unto  your  fathers  : 
and  this  land  shall  fall  unto  you  for  inheritance. 

15  And  this  shall  be  the  border  of  the  land  toward  the  north  side, 
from  the  Great  Sea,  the  way  of  Hethlon,  as  men  go  to  Zedad  ;  i^  Ha- 
math,  Berothah,  Sibraim,  which  is  between  the  border  of  Damascus 
and  the  border  of  Hamath  ;  *  Hazar-hatticon,  which  is  by  the  coast  of 
Hauran.  i^  And  the  border  from  the  sea  shall  be  Ilazar-enan,  the  bor- 
der of  Damascus,  and  the  north  northward,  and  the  border  of  Hamath. 
And  this  is  the  north  side.— ^^  And  the  east  side  ye  shall  measure  tfrom 
Hauran,  and  from  Damascus,  and  from  Gilead,  and  from  the  land  of 
Israel  by  Jordan,  from  the  border  unto  tlie  east  sea.  And  this  is  ^the 
east  side.— !■'  And  the  south  side  southward,  from  Tamar  even  to  "the 
waters  of  tstrife  in  Kadesh,  the  *river  to  the  Great  Sea.  And  this  is 
the  south  side  tsouthward.— -'^  The  west  side  also  shall  be  the  Great  Sea 
from  the  border,  till  a  man  come  over  against  Hamath.  This  is  the 
west  side.— -1  So  shall  ye  divide  this  land  unto  you  according  to  the 
tribes  of  Israel.  -^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  ye  shall  divide  it  by 
lot  for  an  inheritance  unto  you,  'and  to  the  strangers  that  sojourn 
among  you,  which  shall  beget  children  among  you  ;  'and  they  shall 
■  be  unto  you  as  born  in  the  country  among  the  children  ol  Israel ;  tliey 
shall  have  inheritance  with  you  among  the  tribes  of  Israel.  ^3  And  it 
shall  come  to  pass,  that  in  what  tribe  the  stranger  sojourneth,  there 
shall  ye  ^ive  him  his  inheritance,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

4  I* 


i038  EZEKIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  SECOND  TEMPLE.     [Period  VII. 

'  Now  these  are    the  names    of    the    tribes.      From  the     Ezekikl 
north  end  to  the  coast  of  the  way  of  Hethlon,  as  one  goeth        sl^'"'- 
to  Hamath,  Hazar-enan.  the  border  of  Damascus  northward,  to  the 

tj"^^- ""*  P"""-  coast  of  Hamath  ;  for  these  are  liis  sides  east  and  west,  ta  portion  for 
Dan.  -  And  by  the  border  of  Dan,  from  the  east  side  unto  the  west  side, 
a  portion  for  Asher.  ^  And  by  the  border  of  Asher,  from  the  east  side 
even  unto  the  west  side,  a  portion  for  NaphtaU.  "^And  by  the  border 
of  Naphtah,  from  the  east  side  unto  the  west  side,  a  portion  for  Ma- 
nasseh.  ^  And  by  the  border  of  Manasseh,  from  the  east  side  unto  the 
west  sitle,  a  portion  for  Ephraim.  ^'And  by  the  border  of  Eplnaim, 
from  the  cast  side  even  unto  the  west  side,  a  portion  for  Reuben.  "^  And 
by  the  border  of  Reuben,  from  the  east  side  unto  the  west  side, 
a  portion  for  Judah. 

*^  And  by  the  border  of  Judah,  from  the  east  side  unto  the  west  side, 
shall  be  the  offering-  which  ye  shall  offer  of  five  and  twenty  thousand 
reeds  in  breadth,  and  in  length  as  one  of  the  other  parts,  from  the 
east  side  unto  the  west  side  ;  and  the  sanctuary  shall  be  in  the  midst 
of  it.  •'  The  oblation  that  ye  shall  offer  unto  the  Lord  shall  be  of  five 
and  twenty  thousand  in  length,  and  of  ten  thousand  in  breadth.  ^"  And 
for  them,  even  for  the  priests,  shall  be  this  holy  oblation  ;  toward 
the  north  five  and  twenty  thousand  in  length,  and  toward  the  west 
ten  thousand  in  breadth,  and  toward  the  east  ten  thousand  in  breadth, 
and  toward  the  south  five  and  twenty  thousand  in  length  ;  and   the 

•  Or,  Thesancti.   sauctuarv  of  thc  LoRD  shall  be  in  the  midst  thereof.   ^^  *It  shall  be 

Jiea  portion  shall    r  <  ■  •r-ici  crzii  t-ii 

be forthe priests,  lov  thc  pricsts  that  are  sanctified  of  the  sons  oi  Zadok  ;  which  have 
\?dimnce' ""'  ^^P^  '^^7  tchaigc,  which  went  not  astray  when  the  children  of  Israel 
went  astray,  as  the  Levites  went  astray.  ^~  And  this  oblation  of  the 
land  that  is  offered  shall  be  unto  them  a  thing  most  holy  by  the  bor- 
der of  the  Levites. 

^^  And  over  against  the  border  of  the  priests  the  Levites  shall  have 
five  and  twenty  thousand  in  length,  and  ten  thousand  in  breadth  ;  all 
the  length  shall  be  five  and  twenty  thousand,  and  the  breadth  ten 
thousand.  ^'^  And  '^they  shall  not  sell  of  it,  neither  exchange,  nor  alienate 
the  firstfruits  of  the  land  ;  for  it  is  holy  unto  the  Lord. 

^^  And  the  five  thousand,  that  are  left  in  the  breadth  over  against 
the  five  and  twenty  thousand,  shall  be  a  profane  place  for  the  city,  for 
dwelling,  and  for  suburbs  ;  and  tlic  city  shall  be  in  the  midst  thereof. 
^^  And  these  shall  be  the  measures  thereof  ;  the  north  side  four  thousand 
and  five  hundred,  and  the  south  side  four  thousand  and  five  hundred, 
and  on  the  east  side  four  thousand  and  five  hundred,  and  the  west 
side  four  thousand  and  five  hundred.  ^'^  And  the  suburbs  of  the  city 
shall  be  toward  the  north  two  hundred  and  fifty,  and  toward  the  south 
two  hundred  and  fifty,  and  toward  the  east  two  hundred  and  fifty,  and 
toward  the  west  two  hundred  and  fifty. 

^^  And  the  residue  in  length  over  against  the  oblation  of  the  holy 
portion  shall  be  ten  thousand  eastward,  and  ten  thousand  westward  ; 
and  it  shall  be  over  against  the  oblation  of  the  holy  portion  ;  and  the 
increase  thereof  shall  be  for  food  unto  them  that  serve  the  city.  ^^  And 
they  that  serve  the  city  shall  serve  it  out  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel. 

^•^  All  the  oblation  shall  be  five  and  twenty  thousand  by  five  and 
twenty  thousand  ;  ye  shall  offer  the  holy  oblation  foursquare,  with  the 
possession  of  the  city.  -'And  the  residue  shall  be  for  llie  prince,  on 
the  one  side  and  on  the  other  of  the  holy  oblation,  and  of  the  posses- 
sion of  tlie  city,  over  against  the  five  and  twenty  thousand  of  the 
oblation  toward  the  east  border,  and  westward  over  against  the  five 
and  twenty  thousand  toward  the  west  border,  over  against  the  portions 
for  the  jirinco:  and   it  shall  be  the   holy  oblation  ;  and  the  sanctuary 


r  Ex.  22.  29.  Le. 

27.  10,  28,  33. 


Part  IV.]  EZEKIEL'S  LAST  PREDICTION  AGAINST  EGYPT.  1039 

of  the  house  shall  be  in  the  midst  thereof.  ~-  Moreover  from  the  pos- 
session of  the  Levites,  and  from  the  possession  of  the  city,  (being  in 
the  midst  of  that  which  is  the  prince's,  between  the  border  of  Judah 
and  the  border  of  Benjamin,)  shall  be  for  the  prince. 

^^  As  for  the  rest  of  the  tribes,  from  the  east  side  unto  the  west  side, 

XHeh.  one  poT-     Benjamin  shall   have  \a   portion.  ^"^  And  by  the  border  of  Benjamin, 

"""■  from  the  east  side   unto  the  west  side,  Simeon   shall   have  a  portion. 

^'' And  by  the  border  of  Simeon,  from  the  east  side  unto  the  west  side, 

Issachar  a  portion.  ~^  And  by  the  border  of  Issachar,  from  the  east  side 

unto  the  west  side,  Zebulun  a  portion.  '-^^  And  by  the  border  of  Zebulun, 

from  the  east  side  unto  the  west  side.  Gad  a  portion.  -'^And  by  the 

border  of  Gad,  at  the  south  side  southward,  the  border  shall  be  even 

*  }ieh.  jMeribah-    froui  Taumr  unto   the  waters  of  *strife  in  Kadesh,  and   to  the  river 

""'"'"■  toward  the  Great  Sea.  ^^  This  is  the  land  which  ye  shall  divide  by  lot 

unto  the  tribes  of  Israel  for  inheritance,  and  these  are  their  portions, 

saith  the  Lord  God. 

^^  And  these  are  the  goings  out  of  the  city  on  the  north  side,  four 

«Re.2i.  12,  &c.   thousand   and   five  hundred  measures.  ^^  And  'the  gates  of  the  city 

shall  be  after  the  names  of  the  tribes  of  Israel,  three  gates  northward  ; 

one  gate  of  Reuben,  one  gate  of  Judah,  one  gate  of  Levi.  ^^  And  at 

the  east  side  four  thousand  and  five  hundred  :  and  three  gates  ;  and  one 

gate  of  Joseph,  one  gate  of  Benjamin,  one  gate  of  Dan.  ^^  And  at  the 

tje.33. 16.         south  side  four  thousand  and  five  hundred  measures,  and  three  gates; 

]  ueb.  Jehovah-    qho  gate  of  Simcou,  one  gate  of  Issachar.  one  gate  of  Zebulun.  -^^At 

Ex."'iTi5.'ju.    the  west  side  four  thousand  and  five  hundred,  with  their  three  gates; 

joei'-jfai.^zec.   one  gate  of  Gad,  one  gate  of  Asher,  one  gate  of  Naphtali.  ^^  It  was 

1^3  af-^^-^-   round  about  eighteen  thousand  measures:   'and  the  name  of  the  city 

from  that  day  shall  be,  tThe  Lord  is  there. 

SECT.  IX.  Section  IX. — EzekicVs  lost  Prediction  against  Egypt. 

EzEKiEL  xxix.  17,  to  the  end,  and  xxx.  1-19. 

A.  M.  3432.  Egtfpt  shall  be  the  reward  of  Nebuchadrezzar.     Israel  shall  be  restored. — Chap.  xxx.   Tlie  deso- 
B.  C.  572.  latioii  of  Egypt  and  her  helpers. 

^''  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  seven  and  twentieth  year,  in  the  first 
month,  in  the  first  day  of  the  month,  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto 
me,  saying,'*^' 

(«)  The  date  of  this  prophecy  proves  that  it  was  the  country  he  also  reduced  with   the  other  auxil- 

the  last  given  by  Ezekiel.    In  all  probability,  it  was  iaries  of  the  Egyptians.     In  the  course  of  this  war, 

placed  in  the  Sacred  Canon,  where   it  there  stands,  that  "  cruel  lord    and  fierce  king  "  so  wasted    and 

that  all  the  prophecies  against   Egypt  might  come  depopulated  the  land  with   fire  and   sword,  that  it 

together.     In  the  second  year  after  the  destruction  lay  desolate    for  forty  years,  (Ezek.  xxix.  11;)  he 

of^Jerusalem,   Nebuchadnezzar  laid  siege  to  Tyre,  defeated  Hophra,  or  Apries,  and  forced  him  to  be- 

The  siege  was  long  and  laborious  :    it  lasted   thir-  come  his  vassal,  (Jer.  xlvi.  25,  2G  ;)  soon  after  which 

teen  years.     The  heads  of  the  soldiers  were '•  made  this  king  was  slain  by  his  own  subjects,  (Herod, 

bald  '■'  by  disease  and  by  toil ;  their  shoulders  were  ii.  §  1G2-1G9,)  fulfilling  .Jeremiah's  prophecy,  xiiv. 

"  pe(>led "  by  carrying  earth  to  raise   mounts  and  30,   and    Ezekiel's,    xxxii.    32.     From    this    period 

fortifications  against  it;  yet  Nebuchadnezzar  had  commenced  the  fulfilment  of  that  prophecy  which 

(Ezek.    xxix.   fs,)  "  no  wages,   nor   his   army,   for  declared  that  Egypt  should  be  the   basest  of  king- 

Tv'riis,  for  the  service  that  lie   had   served   against  doms,  and  there  should  no  more   reign   over  it  an 

it,':  "  for  as  soon  as  the  inhabitants  found  the  works  independent,  native  prince  ;  it  was  ever  after  suc- 

fnr  carrying  on  the   siege   were   perfected,  and  the  cessively    subject    to    tlie     Ba1)ylonians,    Persians, 

foundations  of  the  walls  were  shaken  by  the  batter-  Macedonians,  Romans,  Saracens,  Mamelukes,  and 

ing  rams,  whatsoever  precious  things  in  gold,  silver,  it  is  at  the  present  day  a  province  of  the   Ottoman 

clothes,  and  various  kinds  of  furniture,  the  nobility  empire.— Newton  On  the  Prophecies. 

had,  they  put  them  on  board  their  ships,  and  carried  The  rise  and  fall  of  empires,  the   destruction   of 

thi'in  to  tlie    ishnds;  so  that   when   the  city  was  cities  and  countries,  is  the  work  of  God's  almighty 

t.ik.n.  N.^bnohadnezzar  found  ••  no  wages,"  either  providence.     Egypt,  though   so  finely  situated  for 

f>r  liimsolfcir  his  army.     To  compensate   for   this  commerce,  once  at  the  height  of  grandeur,  and  in 

disippoiiitineiit,  the  plunder  of  Eirypt  is  promised  ;  the    possession    of  every  natural   and   intellectual 

'•  her  multitude,  her  spoil,  and  her  prey,'"  (ver.  19.)  superiority,  has    never,  can    never  recover  itself 

Accordingly,  in  the   sprincr   of  the   year,  after  the  God  makes  use  of  kings  and  princes  as  instruments 

Tyrian  war  was  finished,  Nebuchadnezzar  invaded  of  his  will,  (Ez.  xxix   ver.  20;)  and  the  humanam- 

Egypt,  and  quickly  overran  the  whole  extent  of  the  bition,  the  violence  and  worldly  power  of  man,  are 

co"iintry  from  Migdol.or  Magrdol us,  its  northern  ex-  all  overruled  to  the  accomplishment  of  his  proph- 

tremity.  near  tht^Red  Sea,  to  Syene,  the  southern,  ecies,    and    the   fulfilment    of  his    decrees.     "  My 

bordering  on  Ethiopia,  or  Abyssinia,  v.'hich  part  of  counsel  shall  stand,  and  I  will  do  all  my  pleasure." 


1040  EZEKIEL'S  LAST  PREDICTION  AGAINST  EGYPT.     [Period  VII. 

oje.27. 6.  Er.     15  ggn  of  mail !  "Nebuchadrczzar  king  of  Babylon  caused  his  army 
■  '  ■  To  serve  a  great  service  against  Tyrus, 

Every  head  was  made  bald,  and  every  shoulder  was  peeled  ; 
Yet  had  he  no  wages,  nor  his  army,  for  Tyrus, 
For  the  service  that  he  had  served  against  it : 
*9  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Behold,  I  will  give  the  land  of  Egypt 
Unto  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon  ; 
And  he  shall  take  her  multitude, 
*Heb.  spoil  her         And  *takc  her  spoil,  and  take  her  prey  ; 
Z%''ey''"'"-'         And  it  shall  be  the  wages  for  his  army. 

2"  I  have  given  him  the  land  of  Egypt 
^Ot, hire.  For  his  rlabor  wherewith  he  'served  against  it, 

6Je.25.9.  Because  they  wrought  for  me,  saith  the  Lord  God. 

21  In  that  day  will  I  cause  the  horn  of  the  house  of  Israel  to  bud 
forth, '^'' 
And  I  will  give  thee  the  opening  of  the  mouth  in  the  midst  of  them  ; 
And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord. 

^  The  word  of  the  Lord  came  again  unto  me,  saying,  Ezekiel  xxx. 
2  Son    of  man,   prophesy  and  say, —  ^~^^- 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
Howl  ye,  Woe  worth  the  day  I 
e  Joel  2. 1.  zep.      ^  For  'the  day  is  near, 

'•^-  Even  the  day  of  the  Lord  is  near,  a  cloudy  day  ; 

It  shall  be  the  time  of  the  heathen. 
•*  And  the  sword  shall  come  upon  Egypt, 
t  Ox, fear.  And  great  tpain  shall  be  in  Ethiopia, 

When  the  slain  shall  fall  in  Egypt, 
And  they  shall  take  away  her  multitude, 
dje.  50. 15.  And  ''her  foundations  shall  be  broken  down. 

*  Heb.  Phut,  Ez.    5  Ethiopia,  and  *Libya,  and  Lydia, 

-'•  ''^^  And  all  the  mingled  people,  and  Chub, 

f  Heb.  cWdrm.         And  the  tmen  of  the  land  that  is  in  league, 
Shall  fall  with  them  by  the  sword. 

^  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 
They  also  that  uphold  Egypt  shall  fall  ; 
And  the  pride  of  her  power  shall  come  down  ; 
XOr,.w.doito         From  tthe  tower  of  Syene  shall  they  fall  in  it  by  the  sword, 
^^''"•-  "  Saith  the  Lord  God.  [desolate, 

7  And  they  shall  be  desolate  in  the  midst  of  the  countries  that  are 
And  her  cities  shall  be  in  the  midst  of  the  cities  that  are  wasted. 

8  And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord, 
When  I  have  set  a  fire  in  Egypt, 

*  w^h.  broken.  And  whcH  all  her  helpers  shall  be  *destroyed. 

^  In  that  day  shall  messengers  go  forth  from  me  in  ships 
To  make  the  careless  Ethiopians  afraid. 

And  great  pain  shall  come  upon  them,  as  in  the  day  of  Egypt; 
For,  lo,  it  Cometh  ! 

^"  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 
I  will  also  make  the  multitude  of  Egypt  to  cease 
By  the  hand  of  Nebuchadrezzar  king  of  Babylon. 


(«)  The  expression,  "In   that  day  will  I  cause  the  king's  dream;  by  which  means  he  obtained  the 

the    horn  of  the  house    of  Israel    lo   bud    forth,"  favor  of  the   sovereisrn,  both  for  himself  and   his 

aijpears    to  have    a   primary  allusion  to    the    pro-  countrymen  ;  and  to  this  circumstance   may  bo  at- 

motion  and  distinction   of  "the  prophet   Daniel    at  tributed   the  hi?h  estimation  in    which    the    Jews 

Ii;,bylon.  were  held  in  the  place  of  their  captivity,  and  that 

When  Nebuchadnezzar  returned  liome  after  his  series  of  events  which  terminated  in  their  restora- 

EfTyptian  and  other  conquests,  Daniel  interpreted  tion  by  Cyrus. 


Part  IV.] 


EZEKIEL'S  LAST  PREDICTION  AGAINST  EGYPT. 


1041 


I  Heb.  drought, 
d  Is.  19.  4. 


\  Heb.  the  fulness 
thereof. 


e  Is.  19. 1.  Je.  43. 

12.  &  46.  25. 

Zee.  13.  2. 
/Zee.  10.  11. 
g  Is.  19.  16. 


*  Or,  Tatiis. 
h  Nah.  3.  8-10. 
t  Or,  Peliisiuvi. 
i  Je.  46.  25. 


I  Or,  Heliopolis. 

*  Or,  Puhastum. 
[or,  Bubastum, 
aeeording  to 
Neweome.-Ed.] 

j  Or,  Tahapunes, 
See  Je.  2.  16.— 
Ed. 

t  Or,  restrained. 


^^  He  and  his  people  with  him,  the  terrible  of  the  nations, 

Shall  be  brought  to  destroy  the  land  ; 

And  they  shall  draw  their  swords  against  Egypt, 

And  fill  the  land  with  the  slain. 
12  And  I  will  make  the  rivers  tdry, 

And  ''sell  the  land  into  the  hand  of  the  wicked ; 

And  I  will  make  the  land  waste,  and  tall  that  is  therein. 

By  the  hand  of  strangers : 

I  the  Lord  have  spoken  it. 
13  Thus  saith  the  Lord  God, 

I  will  also  'destroy  the  idols, 

And  I  will  cause  their  images  to  cease  out  of  Noph  ; 

And  ^there  shall  be  no  more  a  prince  of  the  land  of  Egypt ; 

And  ''I  will  put  a  fear  in  the  land  of  Egypt. 
1^  And  I  will  make  Pathros  desolate, 

And  will  set  fire  in  *Zoan, 

And  ''will  execute  judgments  in  No. 
1^  And  I  will  pour  my  fury  upon  tSin,  the  strength  of  Egypt; 

And  'I  will  cut  off  the  multitude  of  No, 
1^  And  I  will  set  fire  in  Egypt ; 

Sin  shall  have  great  pain, 

And  No  shall  be  rent  asunder, 

And  Noph  shall  have  distresses  daily. 
1'^  The  young  men  of  tAven  and  of  *Pi-beseth  shall  fall  by  the  sword; 

And  these  cities  shall  go  into  captivity. 
1^  At  ^Tehaphnehes  also  the  day  shall  be  tdarkened, 

When  I  shall  break  there  the  yokes  of  Egypt : 

And  the  pomp  of  her  strength  shall  cease  in  her ; 

As  for  her,  a  cloud  shall  cover  her. 

And  her  daughters  shall  go  into  captivity. 
1^  Thus  will  I  execute  judgments  in  Egypt ; 

And  they  shall  know  that  I  am  the  Lord.^"' 


^46j  With  this  prediction  against  Egypt,  the  proph- 
ecies of  Ezekiel,  according  to  the  present  ar- 
rangement, are  concluded.  Ezekiel  was  at  this 
time  in  captivity  at  Babylon,  and  is  supposed,  by 
Selden,  to  have  conversed  in  that  country  with 
Pythagoras.  The  dispersion  of  the  Jews,  in  their 
several  captivities,  conferred  many  benefits  on  man- 
kind ;  among  which  may  be  mentioned,  its  effects 
on  the  progress  of  philosophy  and  literature  in 
Greece.  As  this  is  a  subject  which  has  not  fre- 
quently been  discussed,  I  have  considered  it  in  the 
following  note  ;  as  another  proof  of  the  wonderful 
superintendence  of  an  all- wise  Providence  over  the 
affairs  of  men. 

The  communication  between  Egypt  and  Judoea 
was  uniform  and  constant.  Even  in  the  wilderness, 
the  people  murmured  to  return  to  that  country  ; 
and,  after  the  establishment  of  the  Jews  in  the 
Holy  Land,  although  prohibited  by  the  Mosaic  Law, 
we  find  an  intercourse  still  prevailed  between  the 
two  nations.  Solomon,  the  wisest  of  their  kings, 
mirried  the  daughter  of  Pharaoh,  and  in  future 
reigns  Egyptians  were  admitted  into  Judrea  to  con- 
tribute to  its  defence.  In  the  time  of  Pharaoh 
Necho,  however,  we  find  that  Josiah  king  of  Israel 
"  went  out  against"  the  king  of  Egypt,  (2  Chron. 
xx.xv.  20,  and  x.xxvi.  4.)  and  that  his  son  Jehoahaz 
was  taken  prisoner  into  Egypt.  The  circumstances 
of  his  captivity  were  depictured  on  the  walls  of  the 
chief  temples  in  Egypt,  as  has  been  singularly  dis- 
covered by  the  enterprising  and  ingenious  traveller 
Belzoni.  In  war,  the  Jews  were  carried  captive  into 
this  country  ;  in  peace  they  courted  its  alliance  ; 
and  in  time  of  danger  fled  to  it  for  refuge.  After 
VOL.    I.  131 


the  destruction  of  Jerusalem,  the  Jews  compelled 
Jeremiah  to  accompany  them  into  Egypt,  where 
they  shared  the  fate  of  the  natives,  during  the  terrible 
destruction  of  that  country  by  the  army  of  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, in  572  B.  C. 

From  this  intimate  alliance  between  the  two 
nations,  it  is  evident,  that  all  those  strangers  who 
might  have  sojourned  in  Egypt,  either  for  the  pur- 
poses of  commerce,  or  the  acquisition  of  knowledge, 
must  have  been  made  acquainted  with  the  Jews, 
whose  history  was  so  closely  interwoven  with  that 
of  tlie  Egyptians.  In  the  same  manner,  all  those 
who  travelled  into  Babylon  during  this  period  of  the 
ruin  of  Egypt,  and  the  captivity  of  the  Jews,  would 
there  meet  also  some  of  the  Jewish  nation  ;  whose 
peculiar  history  must  have  excited  interest,  and 
whose  laws,  customs,  opinions,  and  writings,  mu^ 
have   been  generally  known. 

The  Greeks  from  the  earliest  periods  appear  to 
have  held  constant  communication  with  Egypt. 
Many  of  the  Grecian  tribes  were  of  Egyptian  ori- 
gin. The  Egyptians  were  celebrated  for  their  wis- 
dom :  and  it  is  "  generally  acknowledged  (War- 
burton's  Divine  Legation,  vol.  ii.  p.  10.5,)  by  the 
Greeks  themselves,  that  all  their  learning  and  wis- 
dom came  from  Egypt ;  and  the  Greeks  are  unani- 
mous in  this  assertion.  The  first  who  went  out  of 
Greece  to  learn  Egyptian  wisdom  were  the  legisla- 
tors ;  or  such  as,  projecting  to  reduce  the  scattered 
tribes,  which  then  overran  Greece,  into  civil  socie- 
ty, travelled  thither  to  learn  the  art  of  lawgivinir, 
from  a  nation  the  most  celebrated  for  tliat  knowl- 
edge. Of  these  were  Orpheus,  Rhadamanthus, 
Milios,    Lycaon,    Triptolemus,    and    others.     The 


1042 


DANIEL  RELATES  NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  DREAM.     [Period  VIL 


-M.   3434. 
.  C.  570. 


iGe.  41.8. 


Section  X. — Daniel  relates   to  Nebuchadnezzar  the  Dream   the  King 

had  forgotten. 

Daxiel  ii. 

Nebuchadnezzar,  forgetting  his  dream,  reqtiireth  it  oftlie  Chaldeans,  by  promises  and  tlireatenings. 
10  Theif,  acknoicTedgiiig  their  inability,  are  judged  to  die.  14  Daniel,  obtaining  some  respite,  Jind- 
eih  the  dream.  19  5/«  blesseth  God.  2-1-  He,  staying  the  decree,  is  brought  to  the  king.  31 
The  dream.     36  The  intei-pretation.     46  Danieis  advancement. 

^  And  in  the  <'"' second  year  of  the  reign  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  Neb- 
uchadnezzar dreamed  dreams,  "wherewith  his  spirit  was  troubled,  and 


next  who  went  to  Greece  for  instruction  (though 
the  intercourse  of  the  lawgivers  with  Egypt  was  not 
interrupted,  but  continued  down  to  the  limes  of 
Draco,  Lycurgus,  and  Solon)  were  the  naturalists, 
who  through  their  whole  course  bore  the  name  of 
Sophists  'f'or  now  Greece  being  advanced  from  a 
savage  and  barbarous  state  to  one  of  civil  polity, 
the  inhabitants,  in  consequence  of  the  cultivation 
of  the  arts  of  life,  began  to  refine  and  speculate. 
The  last  sort  of  people  who  went  to  Egypt  for  in- 
struction, were  the  philosophers,  properly  so  called  ; 
a  character  exactly  compounded  of  the  two  prece- 
ding, the  lawgiver  and  the  naturalist.  For  when 
now,  after  various  struggles  and  revolutions,  the 
Grecian  states  had  asserted  or  regained  their  liber- 
ties, morals,  public  and  private,  would  become  the 
subject  most  in  fashion."  Thus  far  Bishop  War- 
bui  ton  ;  and  Gale,  Slillingfleet,  Cudworth,  and 
others,  have  amply  shown  that  there  was  a  con- 
stant communication  between  Greece  and  Egypt. 
Knowledge  of  every  kind  was  derived  by  the  for- 
mer fronf  the  latter,  and  all  that  was  known  in 
Egypt  was  gradually  transferred  to  Greece. 

In  this  state  of  things  it  is  natural  to  conclude, 
that  the  Greeks  must  have  been  intimately  acquaint- 
ed with  the  history  and  polity  of  the  Jewish  people. 
We  shall  now,  therefore,  consider  the  effects  of  this 
knowledge  on  the  literature  and  character  of  the 
Greeks. 

From  the  period  of  the  dispersion  of  the  Jews 
among  the  Esryptians  and  the  Babylonians,  we  find 
that  the  Greeks  beoran  to  have  more  e.xalted  and  re- 
fined ideas  of  a  DeFty  ;  and  that  they  applied  them- 
selves more  particularly  to  that  philosophy  and 
literature,  which  contributed  so  eminently  to  raise 
them  to  the  highest  intellectual  rank  among  an- 
cient or  modern  nations. 

All  the  sects  and  schools  of  philosophy,  in  an- 
cient Greece,  originated  from  the  Ionic  and  the 
Italic  sects.  The  Ionic  sect  was  founded  by  Thales, 
the  Italic  by  Pvthagoras.  Thales  was  born  about 
the  year  G40  B'.  C,  and  is  remarkable,  as  being  the 
first  Grecian  who  taught  a  regular  system  of  phi- 
losophy, and  left  a  succession  of  disciples  to  estab- 
lish and  maintain  it.  He  travelled  into  Egypt 
while  he  was  a  young  man,  and  resided  there  sever- 
al years.  If  he  went  into  that  country  when  at  the 
age  of  twenty  or  twenty-five,  and  resided  there  ten 
or  more  years,  (and  this  period  was  not  beyond  that 
which  was  usually  passed  by  the  students  of  the 
Envptian  learning.)  he  would  have  been  in  Errypt 
when  Jehonhaz.  king  of  Judah.  was  brought  there 
as  a  prisoner  by  Pharaoh  Necho.  The  attention  of 
the  curious  Greek  must  naturally  have  been  attract- 
ed by  the  various  captive  strangers  thus  introduced 
into  Egypt;  and  while  he  improved  himself  in 
those  sciences  in  which  the  Egyptians  e.vcelled.  it 
is  highly  probably  (and  a  high  degree  of  probabili- 
ty is  all  that  can  be  obtained,  in  the  attempt  to  as- 
certain the  events  of  these  remote  periods)  that  from 
conversing  with  these  Jewish  captives,  he  acquired 
some  of  those  great  and  truly  philosophical  notions, 
which  he  afterwards  taught  at  his  native  Miletus, 
and  in  Greece. 

The  chief  of  these  opinions  were,  that  the  world 


was  not  eternal,  but  was  made  by  God  the  Spirit 
out  of  water  ;  an  opinion  which  seems  to  be  derived 
from  the  Mosaic  and  Christian  doctrine,  "  The 
Spirit  of  God  moved  on  the  face  of  the  waters;  " 
that  the  world,  being  God's  workmanship,  wase.x- 
ceedinaly  good  or  perfect;  tliat  the  universe  was 
filled  with  invisible  spirits,  who  inspect  the  actions 
of  men.  Thales  was  the  first  of  the  Greeks  who 
made  any  philosophic  inquiries  into  the  nature  and 
perfections  of  God  ;  for  though,  as  Gale  remarks, 
Orpheus,  Linus,  Homer,  and  Hesiod,  had  some 
traditions  of  God,  their  value  was  obscured  by  a 
mi.vture  with  pagan  fables.  Thales,  however,  de- 
livered his  knowledge  concerning  God  in  a  more 
plain  and  simple  manner.  He  first  maintained 
among  the  Greeks,  that  God  was  the  most  ancient 
of  beings;  that  his  providence  governs  the  world; 
and  e.xpliiined  to  them  the  wonderful  phenomena 
of  nature.  These  excellent  opinions  and  informa- 
tion appear  to  have  been  till  now  unknown  to  the 
Greeks,  and  are  evidently  derived  from  purer 
sources  than  from  invented  traditions  or  speculative 
pawan  philosophy.  From  the  Jews  alone,  there- 
fore, with  whom  Thales  became  acquainted  in 
Egypt,  could  he  have  received  those  ideas  of  God 
and  his  providence,  which  shine  as  a  meteor  through 
the  dark  mist  of  the  ignorance  and  blindness  of  that 
superstitious  age. 

Tliales  was  succeeded  by  Anaximander,  Anax- 
imenes,  and  Anasagoras,  the  friend  and  tutor  of 
Pericles  ;  by  Diogenes  Apolloniates,  and  by  Arche- 
laus.  the  instructor  of  Socrates.  The  various  sects, 
which  are  referred  to  the  Ionic  school,  are  the  So- 
cratic,  founded  by  Socrates,  among  whose  disciples 
and  followers  are  Xennphon,  Plato,  Euclid,  and 
Alcibiades  ;  the  Cyrenaic  sect,  founded  by  Aris- 
tippus;  the  Megaric,  established  by  Euclid  of 
Megara;  the  Erelriac,  or  Eliac  school,  instituted 
by  Phsedo,  of  Elis  ;  tlie  Academic  sect,  founded 
by  Plato,  whose  school,  after  his  death,  was  divided 
into  the  old,  middle,  and  new  academies  ;  the 
Peripatetic,  founded  tjy  Aristotle;  the  Cynic,  by 
Antisthenes;  the  Stoic,  by  Zeno.  These  sects 
continued  till  the  time  of  "Christ ;  and  when  St. 
Paul  visited  Athens,  he  found  the  Greeks  still  en- 
ga<red  in  disputes  and  inquiries  into  the  mysteries 
and  difficulties  of  philosophy.  Although  the  purest 
and  most  refined  speculations,  of  the  best  and  most 
celebrated  of  these  philosophers,  fall  far  short  of  the 
principles  and  morality  inculcated  by  the  Christian 
dispensation,  they  still  served  to  advance  the  prog- 
ress of  Christianity  ;  or  rather,  they  tended  to  di- 
minish the  superstitious  reverence  paid  to  the  pagan 
deities.  The  commonest  of  the  people  became  at 
last  sensible  that  their  philosophers  only  adhered 
to  the  religious  ceremonies  of  the  established  su- 
perstition, from  mere  compliance  with  popular  cus- 
tom ;  and  all  the  reflecting  part  of  the  community 
were  divided,  in  a  state  of  doubt  and  uncertainty  : 
Socrates,  in  particular,  declared,  that  a  teacher 
from  heaven  was  necessary  to  impart  instruction  to 
mankind. 

Moral  philosophy  may  be  considered  as  a  light 
to  the  dark  and  ignorant  age  in  which  it  flourished  : 
but  when  compared   with  Christianity,  it  is  little 


(47)  See  for  tliis  Note  pa^e  1045. 


p^i,,^,  iv.]  DANIEL  RELATES  NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  DREAM.        1043 

his  sleep  brake  from  him.  '^  Then  the  king  commanded  to  call  the  ma- 
gicians, and  the  astrologers,  and  the  sorcerers,  and  the  Chaldeans,  for 
to  show  the  king  his  dreams.  So  they  came  and  stood  before  the  king. 
3  And  the  king  said  unto  them,  "  I  have  dreamed  a  dream,  and  my  spirit 

less  than  the  very  darkness  it  so  partially  illuniina-  nezzar  was  restored  from  his  lycanthropy,  and  the 
ted  Philosophy  at  the  heioht  of  its  splendor,  dis-  Jews  were  rising  into  distinction  in  the  Persian 
played  only  the  corruption,  the  folly,  and  the  deg-  empire.  Leaving  Judfea  and  its  refugees,  whom  he 
radalion  of  the  human  mind  when  deprived  of  reve-  might  have  tound  both  at  Tyre  and  Carmel,  Pytha- 
lation  It  was  like  a  taper  in  a  charnel-house  at  goras  proceeded  to  bgypt.  He  would  there  meet 
midnight,  which  disperses  the  darkness  of  the  tomb,  with  many  of  the  Jews  who  had  fled  wiUi  Jeremiah 
and  shows  to  the  sickening  spectator  how  melau-  from  Judaea  nineteen  years  preceding.  From  them, 
cholv  is  the  sight  of  humanity,  when  bereaved  of  as  well  as  from  the  natives,  he  would  learn  the 
lite  and  spirit.  fulfilment   of   that   prophet's    predictions    respect- 

Thouirh  the  accounts  of  Pythagoras  are  mingled  ing  Apries.  This  and  other  circumstances  exci- 
with  fable,  there  is  abundant  authority  to  induce  us  ting  his  curiosity,  he  at  last  visited  Babylon, 
to  believe  that  this  pliilosopher  conversed  likewise  where  he  is  supposed  to  have  arrived  in  the  year 
with  the  Jews  of  the  dispersion  at  Tyre  in  Phoeni-  541,  and  two  years  before  the  death  ot  Belshazzar. 
cia;  and  probably  at  Mount  Carinel,  where,  it  is  During  his  residence  of  twelve  years  in  Babylon, 
said  his  walk  was  lono-  shown.  It  is  certain  that  Pythagoras  must  have  been  a  spectator  of  the  w^n- 
he  was  in  Eo-ypt,  and  many  suppose  that  he  was  derful  events  recorded  in  the  Book  of  Daniel.  Ihe 
taken  prisoner  into  that  country,  either  by  Nebu-  greatest  statesman  of  the  day  in  Babylon,  was  a 
chadnezzar,  or  by  Cambyses.  From  Egypt  he  either  Jew.  As  the  time  and  manner  of  Lzekiel  s  death 
went  or  was  taken  to  Babylon,  where  again  he  are  unknown,  and  as  in  this  year,  Lzekiel,  it  alive, 
must  have  acquired  an  intimate  knowledge  of  the  would  not  be  more  than  fifty-three  years  of  age,  it 
Jews ;  and  in  this  latter  place  he  is  said  to  have  had  is  by  no  means  improbable  that  he  might  have  con- 
fer an  instructor  Zabratas,  or  Nazaratus  ;  whom  the  versed,  as  tradition  asserts,  with  that  prophet, 
learned  Selden  supposes  to  have  been  Ezekiel;  and  Pythagoras  must  have  been  informed  of  the  decree 
Prideaux  Zoroaster.  The  exact  period  of  the  birth  of  Cyrus,  B.C.  53G,  for  the  return  of  the  Jews,  and 
of  Pythao-oras  is  not  certainly  known.  The  ac-  as  he  must  have  been  acquainted  with  the  prophecies 
counts  ofhis  life,  now  extant,  are  uncertain  and  con-  thereby  fulfilled,  it  is  not  improbable  that  he  was 
tradictory  •  that  which  appears  most  probable  and  a  wondering  spectator  of  their  departure  for  their 
satisfactory,  informs  us,  that  at  the  age  of  eighteen  own  land.  At  Babylon  he  undoubtedly  saw  the 
he  consulted  Tliales  at  Miletus,  who  recommended  schools  or  universities  established  by  the  Jews  ;  for 
him  to  visit  Ecypt.  he    introduced  into  his    own    country    institutions 

From  Miletus  he  proceeded  to  Tyre,  (the  place  which  were  characterized  by  similar  regulations  to 
of  his  nativity,  though  educated  at  Samos;)   from     those  adopted  by  the  Jews. 

thence  he  travelled  to  Eo-ypt,  with  letters  to  Amasis  Struck  with  astonishment  at  all  he  read,  or  heard, 
from  Polycrates,  tyrant  ot  Samos.  He  quited  Egypt  or  saw,  of  this  persecuted  and  favored  people,  we 
for  Babylon  where  he  continued  twelve  years,  and  cannot  be  surprised  that  he  should  have  engrafted 
conversed  with  Zabratas  or  Nazaratus  :  he  is  then  many  of  the  purer  truths  of  morality  on  his  system 
supposed  to  have  returned  to  his  own  country,  and     of  philosophy. 

to  have  been  at  that  time  about  fifty-six  years  of         Pythagoras  quitted  Babylon  in  529,  the  same  year 

that  Cyrus  died.  It  is  probable  his  departure  was 
The  birth  of  Pythagoras  is  referred  by  the  learn-  accelerated  by  the  cruel  and  tyrannical  government 
ed  Dr.  Bentley  to  the  year  B.  C.  G05  ;  by  Bishop  of  Cambyses  his  successor.  In  this  year  the  Greek 
Lloyd  to  B.  C.  583  ;  by  Dodwell  to  B.  C.  5(J'.) ,  by  philosopher  returned  home  ;  and  dissatisfied  with 
Le  Clerc  to  a  period  not  earlier  than  the  first  nor  the  political  state  of  affairs  at  Samos,  he  taught  his 
later  than  the  last  of  these.  If,  then,  we  take  the  new  system,  called  the  Italic  philosophy,  m  the 
medium  date,  which  would  be  587,  or  that  of  Bishop     towns  of  Magna  Grecia.  _ 

Lloyd's  at  583,  it  will  assist  us  to  account  in  a  great  The  philosophy  of  Pythagoras,  so  far  as  it  is 
deo-ree  for  those  changes  of  Pythagoras  from  one  known,  may  be  described  as  a  mixture  ot  Persian, 
country  to  another.  Grecian,    and   Egyptian    superstition,    interwoven 

If  he  was  born  in  583,  and  returned  home  in  the  with  Jewish  doctrines,  institutions,  and  customs, 
fifty-sixth  year  of  his  aae,  after  remaining  twelve  The  numerous  coincidences  between  his  enact- 
years  at  Babylon,  twenty-two  in  Egypt,  and  con-  ments  and  those  of  the  Jews  are  found  in  the  siini- 
sultino-  Thales  at  Miletus  in  the  eighteenth  year  of  larity  of  discipline  established  in  his  schools  and  col- 
his  ao-e,  the  several  dates  of  these  events  may  be  leges  ;  in  his  distinction  between  the  perfect,  or  the 
thus  arranged  :  initiated,  and  the  novice,  the  Tf/fioc,  and  the  vsu- 

(pi;Toc,or  therD'nn,and  j'£33ofthe  Jews;  in   the 

Birth  of  Pythagoras 583  B.  C.     covenant  among  the  members  of  his  colleges,  in  the 

Visits  Thales,  at  Miletus 565  use  of  salt  as  a  sign  of  union  or  agreement,  and 

TravelstoPhoenicia.Tyre,and  Palestine  563  some  others. 

Resides  in   Egypt  from  563  to 541  The  doctrines  of  Pythagoras  must  have  tended 

Resides  in  Babylon  from  541  to 529  to  remove  many   of  the  evils  of  polytheism   and 

Returns  to  Samos 529  idolatry.  ^   ^   .,      r-      .       r 

He  acknowledged  but  one  God,  the  Creator  ot 
On  comparing  the  above  dates  with  the  various  the  world.  He  had  some  idea  of  the  sacred  name, 
events  recorded'in  the  history  of  the  times,  we  shall  the  Tetragrammaton  of  the  Jews,  which  he  revealed 
find  that  Thales,  in  the  year  565,  was  in  all  proba-  as  a  mystery  to  his  disciples.  He  describes  the 
bility  at  Miletus.  He  was  then  seventy-five  years  Deity  in  the  very  words  of  the  Hebrew  Scriptures, 
old  :  an  a're  when  travelling  could  have  been  no  as  the  H',  the  to  ov,  the  self- existent.  He  taught  by 
longer  desirable  ;  and  before  Crcesus,  king  of  Lydia,  this  definition  that  God  was  infinite  and  eternal  ;  a 
had  engaged  him  in  his  service.  He  died,  aged  truth  whicii  human  reason,  unassisted  by  divine 
more  than  ninety-six  3'ears,  in  the  court  of  that  revelation,  has  never  yet  discovered.  He  likewise 
monarch.  instructed  his  disciples  in  the  doctrme  of  a  peculiar 

In  B.  C.  563,  the  whole  country  of  Judsea  was  providence,  particularly  over  good  men--the  ne- 
Btill  desolate  ;  not  havin<r  recovered  from  its  last  cessity  of  pure  worsliip— the  immortality  ot  the  soul 
ravage  by  Nebuzaradan.  '  In  this  year  Nebuchad-     —the    incorporeality  of  the  Deity.     His  morality 


1044 


DANIEL  RELATES  NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  DREAM.     [Period  VII. 


was  troubled  to  know  the  dream."  ^  Then  spake  the  Chaldeans  to  the 
king  in  Syriac,  •'  O  king,  live  for  ever  !  tell  thy  servants  the  dream,  and 
we  will  show  the  interpretation."  ^The  king  answered  and  said  to  the 
Chaldeans,  "  The  thing  is  gone  from  me  ;  if  ye  will  not  make  known 


evidently  sprung  from  a  purer  source  than  from  the 
profane  worship  of  pagan  deities  ;  his  golden  verses 
(if  they  are  certainly  his)  are  evidently  transcripts 
of  the  Mosaic  precepts ;  and  virtuous  will  be  the 
life,  and  tranquil  the  death  of  that  man  who  habitu- 
eiliy  observes  the  precepts  they  contain,  and  thrice 
reviews  the  actions  of  the  day,  before  he  resigns 
himself  to  rest  at  night. 

The  Italic  sect  flourished  till  the  end  of  the  reign 
of  Alexander.  It  gave  rise  to  the  Eleatic,  the  Hera- 
clitean,  the  Epicurean,  and  tlie  Pyrrhonic  sects, 
whose  doctrines,  however,  diflx^red  materially  from 
those  enforced  by  Pythagoras  himself  When  the 
best  pagan  philosophy,  considered  as  a  system,  is 
compared  with  Christianity,  the  observations  al- 
ready made  on  the  speculations  of  Thales  are 
equally  applicable.  But  when  we  consider  this 
philosophy  as  a  virtuous  effort  of  the  human  mind 
to  penetrate  through  the  darkness  and  superstition 
by  which  it  was  surrounded ;  and  gaining  b}'  these 
efforts,  and  the  light  they  borrowed  from  revela- 
tion, more  pure  ideas  of  morality,  and  more  just 
notions  of  a  Deity,  we  are  called  upon  to  acknowl- 
edo-e  that  philosophy  was  beneficial  to  man,  and 
that  those  who  acquiesced  in  the  doctrines  of  Py- 
thagoras, and  received  the  better  part  of  his  system, 
niuf  t  have  been  wiser  and  purer  than  their  more 
icnorant  or  prejudiced  countrymen. 

That  the  Greeks,  therefore,  were  indebted  to  their 
intercourse  with  the  Jews  for  the  origin  of  their 
philosophy  is  higlil}'  probable;  it  is,  therefore,  no 
less  probable,  that  their  literature  may  be  partly 
traced  to  the  same  source.  From  the  temperance 
Pythagoras  uniformly  practised,  it  is  probable  that 
his  life  was  extended  to  a  late  period.  He  is  sup- 
posed to  have  perished  in  consequence  of  apolitical 
disturbance  in  tiie  seventieth  Olympiad,  about  the 
year  503  B.  C.  If  this  tradition  be  correct,  he  must 
at  this  time  have  entered  his  eighty-third  or  eighty- 
fourth  year. 

iEschylus,  the  founder  of  the  Greek  drama  in 
its  present  form,  would  have  been  at  that  time  about 
twenty-five  years  of  age  ;  and  though  we  are  not 
acquainted  with  the  particulars  of  his  early  life,  we 
may  naturally  conclude  that  one  so  eminent  would 
have  carefully  instructed  himself  in  all  the  philoso- 
phy and  learning  of  his  age.  A  Pythagorean  in 
principle,  many  of  his  sentiments  are  the  same  as 
those  taught  in  the  golden  verses  of  Pythagoras. 
We  may  justly  conclude,  therefore,  that  this  great 
tragedian  was  either  personally  acquainted  with, 
and  a  disciple  of  the  Samian  ;  or  that  he  was  well 
versed  in  the  system  promulgated  by  that  philoso- 
pher. Like  many  of  his  country-men,  he  gave 
offence  to  the  people,  by  deviating  from  received 
opinions.  In  the  mythology  of  jEschylus,  Dr.  Gray 
observes,  there  is  frequent  reference  to  principles 
originating  in  revelation.  In  the  passage  cited  by 
Eusebius,  he  describes  the  Supreme  God  as  a  being 
who  is  carefully  to  be  distinguished  from  mortals, 
havinor  nothing  like  the  body  of  man.  At  one  time 
he  declares,  that  God  shines  forth  in  unapproach- 
able fire  :  at  another  he  invests  Him  in  the  ele- 
ments, appearing  in  the  wind,  thunder,  and  light- 
ning I  He  represents  the  ocean,  the  rocks,  and  the 
fountains  as  ministering  to  the  Supreme  Being ; 
the  hills,  and  the  eartli,  the  depths  of  the  sea,  and 
the  summits  of  the  mountains  as  trembling  at  His 
presence.  The  piercing  eye  of  God  he  describes 
as  overlooking  ail  things,  for  the  glory  of  the  high- 
est God  is  powerful.  His  celebrated  scene  in  the 
PersiB,  in  which  the  shade  of  Darius  is  summoned 
by  Atossa,  is  very  similar  to  the  account  of  the  ap- 
pearance of  Samuel  to  Saul,  as  related  in  the  nar- 


rative of  the  witch  of  Endor.  Many  of  the  Chris- 
tian fathers  have  asserted,  that  the  character  of 
"  Prometheus  "  could  not  have  been  drawn,  unless 
the  author  of  that  drama  had  been  acquainted  with 
the  Sacred  Writings,  or  with  at  least  many  of  the 
prophetic  books.  The  subject  deserves  to  be  con- 
sidered at  greater  length  than  this  note  admits. 
Yet  I  cannot  but  observe,  that  the  dramas  of  S.s- 
chylus  exhibit  the  most  decisive  evidence  of  his 
acquaintance  with  the  Sacred  Writings ;  and  it  is 
probable  that  they  were  partly  made  known  to  him 
by  his  tutor  and  contemporary,  Pythagoras.  Simi- 
larity of  description  only,  with  identity  of  expres- 
sion, would  not  prove  this  point ;  these,  it  is  true, 
might  be  mere  coincidences  :  but  where  the  same 
personifications  are  used,  we  may  justly  conclude, 
that  the  resemblance  is  not  accidental.  In  Jere- 
miah xlvii.  6,  we  meet  with  this  bold  personifica- 
tion— "  O  thou  sword  of  the  Lord,  how  long  will 
it  be  ere  thou  be  quiet  ?  put  up  thyself  into  thy 
scabbard,  rest,  and  be  still.  How  can  it  be  quiet, 
seeing  the  Lord  hath  given  it  a  charge  against 
Ashkelon.'" — The  same  metaphor  is  adopted  by 
.Sschylus, — 

^iv'oQ  ie  xXi'Qovg  iniiwu^ 
^u?.x;^og,  axv9o)v  anotxog 
xrcurwv  ^Qr^iiaToSaiTag 

TTtXQOC,  coflulfQuyV  oiSaQOC, 
/96ra  raitiv  Stant]Xaq, 
OTiunctv  Icf  y.al  (f&i^iirovg  *oT»/£ir, 
Totr  lit juAov  Ticdiojf  oriioioov?. 
tnr'  tni  &t;(ia?. 

Pors.  edit,  line  727. 

And,  as  if  the  idea  was  a  favorite  one  with  the  poet, 
it  is  twice  again  repeated  in  the  same  drama.  In 
Ezekiel  xvii.  20,  we  read,  "Thus  saith  the  Lord 
God.  I  will  spread  my  net  over  him,  and  he  shall 
be  taken  in  my  snare";  "  and  the  same  expression 
is  used  in  other  passages  of  Scripture,  to  describe 
a  state  of  inextricable  difficulty,  of  distress,  or  ruin. 
The  same  metaphor  is  applied  by  jEschylus  to  de- 
scribe the  ruin  of  Troy, — 

£2  Zev  ^antlev,  xai  vvl  (fiXla, 
Aleyixluiv  xuOiioiv  xTtuTfiga 
Hr'  inl  TQotag  Tn-Qyoig  fiSaXtg 
^Teyariir  iixTvor. 

Agamemnon,  line  356,  Pors.  edit. 

In  Ezekiel  xxvi.  3.—"  I  am  against  thee,  O 
Tyrus,  and  will  cause  many  nations  to  come  up 
against  thee,  as  the  sea  causeth  his  waves  to  come 
up."     ^schylus  has  adopted  the  same  idea, 

Son  yitn  yvnu  )(fona<oy  OTQaTov. 

f.Vr"  f.Tt  ©»;,■*'• — Line  64. 

And  many  other  parallel  passages  might  be  found. 
The  tragedians  who  followed  .^schylus,  although 
perhapslnferior  to  him  in  sublimity,  maintained  an 
exalted  nobleness  of  moral  sentiment.  A  higher 
tone  seems  to  have  been  given  to  the  public  mind 
in  Greece,  which  cannot  entirely  be  attributed  to 
their  political  institutions,  or  to  the  incessant  agita- 
tion and  restlessness  of  mind  induced  by  their  party 
dissensions.  We  must  refer  this  intellectual  eleva- 
tion to  a  more  intellectual  source  ;  to  tlie  spirit  of 
their  philosophy,  morality,  and  poetry,  which  was 
partially  derived  from  the  purer  fountains  of  the 
Hebrew  Scriptures.  And  the  peculiar  object  of 
Providence,  in  thus  communicating  to  the  Greeks, 
throusrli  the  dispersion  and  captivity  of  the  Jews, 
some  knowledge  of  a  purer  creed,  was  shown  in 


Fart  IV.] 


DANIEL  RELATES  NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  DREAM. 


1045 


*  Cliald.  made 
pieces.  Ezr;i  6. 
11.  2  Ki.  10.  27. 


t  Or,  fee,  Da.  5. 


t  Chald.  buy, 
5.  16. 
i  Est.  4.  11. 


*  Chald.  returned. 


unto  me  the  dream,  with  the  interpretation  thereof,  ye  shall  be  *cut  in 
pieces,  and  your  houses  shall  be  made  a  dunghill.  ^  But  if  ye  show  the 
dream,  and  the  interpretation  thereof,  ye  shall  receive  of  me  gifts  and 
trewards  and  great  honor  ;  therefore  show  me  the  dream,  and  the  in- 
terpretation thereof."  '''  They  answered  again  and  said,  "  Let  the  king 
tell  his  servants  the  dream,  and  we  will  show  the  interpretation  of  it." 
^  The  king  answered  and  said,  "  I  know  of  certainty  that  ye  would 
tgain  the  time,  because  ye  see  the  thing  is  gone  from  me.  ^  But  if  ye 
will  not  make  known  unto  me  the  dream,  Hhere  is  but  one  decree  for 
you  ;  for  ye  have  prepared  lying  and  corrupt  words  to  speak  before 
me,  till  the  time  be  changed :  therefore  tell  me  the  dream,  and  I  shall 
know  that  ye  can  show  me  the  interpretation  thereof."  ^^  The  Chal- 
deans answered  before  the  king,  and  said,  "  There  is  not  a  man  upon 
the  earth  that  can  show  the  king's  matter  ;  therefore  there  is  no  king, 
lord,  nor  ruler,  that  asked  such  things  at  any  magician,  or  astrologer, 
or  Chaldean.  '^  And  it  is  a  rare  thing  that  the  king  requireth,  and  there 
is  none  other  that  can  show  it  before  the  king,  except  the  gods,  whose 
dwelling  is  not  with  flesii."  i~  For  this  cause  the  king  was  angry  and 
very  furious,  and  commanded  to  destroy  all  the  wise  men  of  Babylon. 
^^  And  the  decree  went  forth  that  the  wise  men  should  be  slain  ;  and 
they  sought  Daniel  and  his  fellows  to  be  slain. 

^^  Then'^"  Daniel  *answered  with  counsel  and  wisdom  to  Arioch 


subsequent  ages,  when  that  language  was  selected 
to  impart  the  knowledge  of  tlie  Scriptures  to  the 
world.  The  universality  of  the  Greek  language 
may  be  attributed  to  the  general  interest  excited  hy 
the  Greek  drama,  the  splendid  compositions  of  the 
poets,  and  the  more  exalted  speculations  of  their 
philosophers.  The  pagan  nations  did  not,  it  is  true, 
eat  of  the  fruit  of  the  tree  of  life  ;  yet  they  were 
blessed  with  some  few  of  its  leaves ;  and  the  very 
"  leaves  of  that  tree  are  for  the  healing  of  the 
nations." — Vide  Stillingfleet's  Origines  SacrcB,\).  i. 
ch.  3;  Mhenian  Letters,  vol.  i.  p.  92;  Plato,  Alci- 
biad.  §  12,  113;  Gale's  Court  of  the  Gentiles,  book 
ii.  ch.  3-10  ;  Warburton's  Divine  Legntion,  b.  iii.  s. 
2 ;  Eiicylop.  Brit.  art.  Thales,  and  Philosophy,  p. 
20  ;  Gray's  Connection  between  the  Sacred  Writings 
and  Heathen  Literature,  vol.  ii.  ch.  G  and  9  ;  Jose- 
plius  cont.  Apion  ;  Eusebius  Prcep.  Evang.  lib.  10. 
c.  2;  Selden  De  Diis  Sijrus  Sijntag.  2.  ch.  1,2;  the 
numerous  references  in  Gale,  and  Dr.  Gray  ;  Jam- 
blichus'  Life  of  Pythagoras,  translated  by  Taylor ; 
Cudworth's  Intell.  System,  book  i.  s.  22,  &c.  On 
the  philosophical  sentiments  of  jEschylus,  see  an 
anonymous  paper  in  the  Classical.  Journal,  No.  22. 
(^')  In  Daniel  i.  .5,  6,  we  read  that  Daniel,  with 
some  other  Jewish  captives,  was  placed  under  the 
care  of  the  master  of  the  eunuclis,  to  be  instructed 
for  the  space  of  three  years  in  the  language  and 
sciences  of  Chaldea.  At  the  end  of  that  time  they 
were  to  be  admitted  to  the  presence  of  the  king,  to 
stand  and  serve  before  him.  In  Daniel  ii.  1,  it  is 
said,  in  the  second  year  of  the  reign  of  Nebuchad- 
nezzar, the  king  dreamed  the  dream  which  Daniel 
interpreted  ;  and  as  the  tinie  appointed  for  Daniel's 
improvement  had  expired,  (Dan.  i.  18.),  it  may  be 
asked  why  this  chapter  was  not  inserted  in  the  same 
place  as  the  first  chapter.  Prideaux  has  dated  it  in 
tlie  year  603,  on  the  authority  of  the  literal  inter- 
pretation of  the  words  "  in  tlie  second  year  of  his 
reign."  It  must,  however,  be  recollected  that  the 
inspired  writers  date  from  different  eras  ;  instances 
of  which  have  been  given  in  these  notes  :  and 
Daniel,  writing  this  part  of  his  history  in  Chaldee, 
for  the  use  of  the  Chaldeans,  most  probably  follow- 
ed the  computation  prevalent  among  them  ;  and  re- 
fers not  to  the  second  year  of  the  reign  of  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, as  dated  from  his  accession  to  the 
throne,  but  from  the  second  year  of  liis  universal 
VOL.   1. 


monarchy ;  after  Egypt,  and  all  the  surrounding 
nations,  who,  with  the  Jews,  had  leagued  against 
him,  had  been  subdued.  Lightfoot  and  Hales  both 
agree  in  making  the  events  related  in  this  chapter 
succeed  Nebuchadnezzar's  conquests  :  and  when  it 
is  remembered,  that,  in  the  second  year  of  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, (dated  from  his  accession  to  the  throne 
of  Babylon.)  Daniel  was  still  under  the  care  of  Mel- 
zar  ;  that  a  short  time  after  Jehoiakim  rebelled,  de- 
pending, in  all  probability,  upon  the  league  formed 
against  the  king  of  Babylon  by  the  surrounding 
nations  ;  it  cannot  be  conceived  that  a  prior  date 
can  be  correct.  In  addition  to  these  arguments,  it 
must  be  considered,  that  when  Daniel  left  the  prince 
of  the  eunuchs,  lie  must  have  been  very  young,  and 
still  a  stranger  in  the  land  :  is  it  therefore  probable, 
that  Nebuchadnezzar  would  make  him  at  this  time 
ruler  over  the  whole  province  of  Babylon,  and  chief 
of  the  governors  over  all  its  wise  men,  (chap.  ii.  ver. 
48,)  and  advance  his  three  friends  to  such  high 
offices  in  the  state  .'  When  too,  in  addition  to  these 
things,  it  is  stated  that  Daniel,  at  the  time  of  the 
king's  dream,  was  living  in  his  own  house,  (chap, 
ii.  ver.  17,)  and  that  he  was  numbered  among  the 
wise  men  who  were  decreed  by  the  king  to  be  slain, 
(ver.  13)  :  he  could  not  have  been  under  the  care 
of  Melzar,  in  the  palace  of  the  king;  for  in  the 
latter  case,  while  he  was  pursuing  his  studies  un- 
der the  immediate  protection  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 
Daniel  would  not  have  been  ranked  among  the 
wise  men  of  Babylon.  These  considerations  have 
induced  me  to  insert  here  this  chapter  of  Daniel, 
and  to  compute  the  second  year  of  Nebuchadnezzar 
mentioned  in  it,  from  the  universal  dominion  he 
obtained  by  his  conquests. 

(■"*)  The  Jewish  Church,  at  the  time  of  the  won- 
derful interposition  of  Providence  in  enabling 
Daniel  to  discover  and  to  interpret  the  dream  of 
Nebuchadnezzar,  when  all  the  magicians,  the  astrol- 
ogers, the  sorcerers,  and  Chaldeans  of  Babylon, 
were  not  able  to  do  so,  was  in  the  depth  of  its  dis- 
tress. Its  enemies  were  on  every  side  victorious. 
The  gods  of  gold,  of  silver,  of  wood,  and  of  stone 
appeared  to  be  more  powerful  than  Jehovah. 

The  prophet  Ezekiel  Iiad  ceased  to  address  the 
people.  Jeremiah,  in  all  probability,  no  longer  ex- 
isted. Jerusalem  was  destroyed  ;  the  temple  burnt ; 
the  visible   Churcii  almost  annihilated  ;  when  the 

4j 


1046 


DANIEL  RELATES  NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  DREAM.     [Period  VII. 


t  Or,  ch.efmar. 
shal.  Chald. 
cluef  uf  the  eze- 
culioners,  or, 
slamrlilermen. 
Ge.  37.  36. 


c  Mat.  18.  12. 

X  ChaU.  from  be- 
fore Ood. 

*  Or,  that  they 
shvald  not  de- 
stroy Daniel,  l^-c, 

d  >hl.  12.  6.  Job 
33.  15,  16. 


g  James  1.  17. 


t  Chald.  Tkal  I 

/uioe  found.  Ge. 

41.  14. 
X  Chald.  dtilrlren 

of  ill-  caplieity 

of  Judu/i. 


the  Tcaptain  of  the  king's  guard,  which  was  gone  forth  to  slay  the  wise 
men  of  Babylon.  ^^  He  answered  and  said  to  Arioch  the  king's  captain, 
"  Why  is  the  decree  so  hasty  from  the  king? ''  Then  Arioch  made  the 
thing  known  to  Daniel.  ^^  Then  Daniel  went  in,  and  desired  of  the 
king  that  he  would  give  him  time,  and  that  he  would  show  the  king 
the  interpretation.  ''  Then  Daniel  went  to  his  house,  and  made  the 
thing  known  to  Hananiah,  Mishael,  and  Azariah,  his  companions  :  '^that 
"they  would  desire  mercies  tof  the  God  of  heaven  concerning  this  se- 
cret ;  *that  Daniel  and  his  fellows  should  not  perish  with  the  rest  of 
the  wise  men  of  Babylon. 

^'^  Then  was  the  secret  revealed  unto  Daniel  ''in  a  night  vision. 
Then  Daniel  blessed  the  God  of  heaven.  ^^  Daniel  answered  and  said, 

Blessed  be  the  name  of  God  for  ever  and  ever ! 

For  wisdom  and  might  are  his  ; 
-^  And  he  changeth  the  times  and  the  seasons  ; 

He  removeth  kings,  and  setteth  up  kings ; 

He  'givetli  wisdom  unto  the  wise. 

And  knowledge  to  them  that  know  understanding. 
^-  He  -^revealeth  the  deep  and  secret  things  ; 

He  knoweth  what  is  in  the  darkness. 

And  'the  light  dwelleth  with  him. 
^•^  I  thank  thee,  and  praise  thee,  O  thou  God  of  my  fathers  ! 

Who  hast  given  me  wisdom  and  might, 

And  hast  made  known  unto  me  now  what  we  desired  of  thee  ; 

For  thou  hast  now  made  known  unto  us  the  king's  matter. 

■^*  Therefore  Daniel  went  in  unto  Arioch,  whom  the  king  had  or- 
dained to  destroy  the  wise  men  of  Babylon  ;  he  went  and  said  thus 
unto  him,  '•  Destroy  not  the  wise  men  of  Babylon  ;  bring  me  in  before 
the  king,  and  I  will  show  unto  the  king  the  interpretation."  -^  Then 
Ariocii  brought  in  Daniel  before  the  king  in  haste,  and  said  thus  unto 
him,  "  +1  have  found  a  man  of  the  tcaptives  of  Judah,  that  will  make 
known  unto  the  king  the  interpretation."  "^^  The  king  answered  and 
said  to  Daniel,  whose  name  was  Belteshazzar,  '•  Art  thou  able  to  make 
known  unto  me  the  dream  which  I  have  seen,  and  the  interpretation 
thereof?"  -'Daniel  answered  in  the  presence  of  the  king,  and  said, 
"  The  secret  which  the  king  hath  demanded  cannot  the  wise  men,  the 


attention  of  the  world  was  fixed,  and  the  Cliurch 
of  God  comforted,  by  the  miraculous  powers  of 
Daniel.  Through  the  providence  of  God  this  fa- 
vored captive  became  the  adviser  and  the  friend  of 
kings,  the  head  of  governments  and  provinces,  and 
the  chief  means  of  fulfilling  the  prophecies  of  His 
Scriptures,  by  accomplishing  the  deliverance  of  the 
Jews. 

Daniel  (ch.  iii.)  gives  us  an  account  of  the  dedi- 
cation of  a  golden  image  by  Nebuchadnezzar.  This 
image  is  supposed  to  have  been  erected  in  com- 
memoration of  his  conquests  ;  it  is  therefore  proba- 
ble, that  it  was  commanded  to  be  made  on  liis  tri- 
umphal return  to  his  capital,  elated  with  victory, 
the  conqueror  of  the  world,  with  every  ambitious 
project  accomplished.  At  last  his  mind  gradually 
fixes  itself  on  futurity  ;  the  visions  which  come 
into  the  king's  head  on  his  bed,  as  to  '•  what  should 
come  to  pass  hereafter,"  are  most  probably  the 
result  of  meditations  on  his  present  grandeur  and 
unrivalled  power  ;  and  the  monument  intended  to 
transmit  his  fame  and  glories  to  posterity  would  natu- 
rally, at  such  a  moment,  have  presented  itself  to  his 
mind. 

The  idea  therefore  has  suggested  itself  to  me 
(and  I  cannot  consider  it  as  improbable),  that  the 
Almighty  in  his  mercy  selected  the  same  figure  that 
Nebuchadnezzar  had  designed  to  purpetuate  his  name 
and  possessions,  to  reveal  to  him  the   insUibility  of 


his  empire,  and  the  vanity  of  all  human  grandeur. 
The  worshipper  of  idols  had  a  prophetic  dream, 
(as  Bishop  Newton  observes  from  St.  Jerome.)  that 
the  servant  of  God  interpreting  it,  God  might  be 
glorified,  and  that  the  captives  and  those  who  served 
God  in  captivity  might  receive  great  consolation. 
Nebuchadnezzar,  wit1i  a  mind  thus  lost  in  futurity, 
dreams  about  an  image  composed  of  different  metals 
(1-13) ;  the  interpretation  of  this  dream  is  commu- 
nicated to  Daniel  (14-23),  who  reveals  it  to  the 
monarch  (24-3.")),  and  interprets  it  of  the  four  great 
monarchies.  The  head  of  gold  represented  the 
Babylonian  empire  (32)  ;  tlie  breast  and  arms, 
which  were  of  silver,  represented  tiie  Medo-Persian 
empire  (32-3!>) ;  the  brazen  belly  and  thighs  repre- 
sented the  Macedo-Grecian  empire  (32-3!t)  ;  the 
leffs  and  feet,  which  were  partly  of  iron  and  partly 
of  clay,  represented  the  Roman  empire  (33,  40-43), 
which  would  bruise  and  break  to  pieces  every  other 
kingdom,  but  in  its  last  stage  should  be  divided  into 
ten  smaller  kingdoms,  denoted  by  the  ten  toes  of 
the  image.  The  stone  "  cut  out  of  the  mountain 
without^hands,  which  brake  in  pieces  the  iron,  the 
brass,  the  clay,  the  silver,  and  the  gold  "  ('34,  35,) 
represented  the  kingdom  of  the  Messiah,  which  was 
"  to  fill  the  whole  earth,"  become  universal,  and 
stand  for  ever  (44,  45).  The  chapter  concludes 
with  an  account  of  the  promotion  of  Daniel  and  his 
friends  to  distinguished  honor. 


Part  IV.] 


DANIEL  RELATES  NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  DREAM. 


1047 


ftGe.  40.  8.  &41, 
IC.  Am.  4.  13. 

*  Chalil.  hath 
iruid'  knawn. 

i  See  Ge.  49.  1. 

I  Cliald.  cd7nc  up 


J  Or,  the  intait 
that  Uit)  iiiLfrprc- 
tiition  iiimj  be. 
made  Imoma  to 
til-  king. 

*  Clialii.  wast 
seeing. 


f  Or,  sides. 


I  Or,  which,  wa-s 
not  in  hands  .-  as 
ver.  45.  Zee.  4. 
6.  2  Co.  5.  1. 
He.  9.  24. 


astrologers,  the  magicians,  the  soothsayers,  show  unto  the  king  ;  ~^  but 
'there Ts  a  God  in  heaven  that  revealeth  secrets,  and  *maketh  known 
to  the  king  Nebuchadnezzar  'what  shall  be  in  the  latter  days.  Thy 
dream,  and  the  visions  of  thy  head  upon  thy  bed,  are  these.  ^^  As  for 
thee,  O  king,  thy  thoughts  tcanie  into  thy  mind  upon  thy  bed,  what 
should  come  to  pass  hereafter  ;  and  He  that  revealeth  secrets  maketh 
known  to  thee  what  shall  come  to  pass.  '^^  But  •'as  for  me,  this  secret 
is  not  revealed  to  me  for  any  wisdom  that  I  have  more  than  any  livmg, 
but  for  t their  sakes  that  shall  make  known  the  interpretation  to  the 
king,  and  that  thou  mightest  know  the  thoughts  of  thy  heart. 

3'^"  Thou,  O  king,  *savvest,  and  behold  a  great  image  !  This  great 
ima<Te,  whose  brightness  was  excellent,  stood  before  thee  ;  and  the 
forni  thereof  was  terrible.  =*-  This  image's  head  was  of  fine  gold,  his 
breast  and  his  arms  of  silver,  his  belly  and  his  tthighs  of  brass,  33his 
legs  of  iron,  his  feet  part  of  iron  and  part  of  clay.  ^'  Thou  sawest  till 
that  a  stone  was  cut  out  twithout  hands,  which  smote  the  image  upon 
his  feet  that  were  of  iron  and  clay,  and  brake  them  to  pieces.  '-^^  Then 
was  the  iron,  the  clay,  the  brass,  the  silver,  and  the  gold,  broken  to 
pieces  together,  and  became  like  the  chaff  of  the  summer  threshing- 
floors  ;  and  the  wind  carried  them  away,  that  no  place  was  found  for 
them  ;  and  the  stone  that  smote  the  image  became  a  great  mountain, 
and  filled  the  whole  earth. 

36  "This  is  the  dream  ;  and  we  will  tell  the  interpretation  thereof  before 
the  king.  ^^Thou,  O  king  !  art  a  king  of  kings  ;  for  the  God  of  heaven 
hath  given  thee  a  kingdom,  power,  and  strength,  and  glory.  ^«  And 
wheresoever  the  children  of  men  dwell,  the  beasts  of  the  field  and  the 
fowls  of  the  heaven  hath  he  given  into  thy  hand,  and  hath  made  thee 
ruler  over  them  all.     Thou  art  this  head  of  gold.  ^'^  And  after  thee 
shall  arise  another  kingdom  inferior  to  thee,  and  another  third  kingdom 
ft]  Mac.  1.3.       of  brass,  ^which  shall  bear  rule  over  all  the  earth,  'i*' And  the  fourth 
kingdom  shall  be  strong  as  iron,  forasmuch  as  iron  breaketh  in  pieces 
and^subdueth  all  things  ;  and  as  iron  that  breaketh  all  these,  shall  it 
break  in  pieces  and  bruise.  ^^  And  whereas  thou  sawest  the  feet  and 
toes,  part  of  potter's  clay,  and  part  of  iron,  the  kingdom  shall  be  di- 
vided ;  but  there  shall  be  in  it  of  the  strength  of  the  iron,  forasmuch 
as  thou  sawest  the  iron  mixed  with  miry  clay.  ^"  And  as  the  toes  of 
the  feet  were  part  of  iron,  and  part  of  clay,  so  the  kingdom  shall  be 
*Or,i>rittie.         partly  strong,  and  partly   *  broken.  -^^  And  whereas  thou  sawest  iron 
mixed  with  miry  clay,  they  shall  mingle  themselves  with  the  seed  of 
tchaid.  this  with  men  ;  but  they  shall  not  cleave  tone  to  another,  even  as  iron   is  not 
t'chaid  tkcir       mixed  with  clay.  "^  And  in  Uhe  days  of  these  kings  shall  the  God  of 
%s.  heaven  set  up  a  kingdom,  'which  shall  never  be  destroyed  ;  and  the 

'ti'-i'iV    ^kingdom  shall  not  be  left  to  otiier  people,  '"but  it  shall  break  in  pieces 
27.Mie.4.7.      ^^^^  cousumc  all  thcsc  kiugdoms,  and  it  shall  stand  for  ever.  "5  Foras- 
"as  thou  sawest  that  the  stone  was  cut  out  of  the  mountain 
twithout  hands,  and  that  it  brake  in  pieces  the  iron,  the  brass,  the  clay, 
the  silver,  and  the  gold  ;  the  great  God  hath  made  known  to  the  king 
what  shall  come  to  pass  thereafter ;  and  the  dream  is  certain,  and  the 
interpretation  thereof  sure." 
chaid.  after  ,,  ^j^^^^  „^j^^  j,. ^^^  Nebuchadnczzar  fell  upon  his  flice,  and  worshipped 

See  Ac.  10. 25.  Dauicl,  and  commanded  that  they  should  offer  an  oblation  and  ''sweet 
^11. 13.&    .    ^^^^^^^  ^^^^^  j^.^^^^  ^^^j^^  j_.^^^  answered  unto  Daniel,  and  said,  "  Of  a 

truth  it  is,  that  your  God  is  a  God  of  gods,  and  a  Lord  of  lungs,  and 
a  revealer  of  secrets,  seeing  thou  couldest  reveal  this  secret."  '^^  Then 
the  king  made  Daniel  a  great  man,  and  gave  him  many  great  gifts,  and 
made  liTm  ruler  over  the  whole  province  of  Babylon,  and  'chief  of  the 
governors  over  all  the  wise  men  of  Babylon.    '^  Then  Daniel  requested 


Lu.  1.  31,33. 
*  Chald.  kingdnm   niUch 

thereof, 
m  Ps.  2.  9.  Ts.  60 

12.  1  Co.  15.  24 
His.  28.  16. 
■f  Or,  which  was 

not  in  hand. 


p  Ezra  6.  10. 


g  Da.  4.  9.  ^k.  5. 
11. 


1048 


NEBUCHADNEZZAR  SETS  UP  THE  GOLDEN  IMAGE.     [Period  VII. 


SECT 

.   XI. 

A.  M. 

3434. 

h.  C. 

570. 

of  ilie  kiog,  and  he  set  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  over  the 
'"s^s."^^'^^"^  affairs  of  the   province  of  Babylon;  but  Daniel  "sat  in  the  gate  of 
the  king. 


Section  XL — Nebuchadnezzar,  on  the  Completion  of  his  Conquest,  sets  tip 

the  Golden  Image. 

Daniel  iii.(«) 

Nebuchadnezzar  dedicatetk  a  crolden  image  in  Dura.  8  Shadrach,  3Ieshach,  and  Abed-nego,  are  ac- 
cused for  iwt  worshipping  the  image.  13  Tliey,  bring  threatened,  make  a  good  confession. 
19  God  ddiverelh  them  out  of  the  furnace.    26  Nebuchadnezzar,  seeing  the  miracle,  blesseth  God. 

^Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  made  an  image  of  gold,  whose  height 
was  threescore  cubits,  and  the  breadth  tliereof  six  cubits  ;  he  set  it  up 
in  the  plain  of  Dura,  in  tlie  province  of  Babylon.  -  Then  Nebuchad- 
nezzar the  king  sent  to  gather  together  the  princes,  the  governors,  and 
the  captains,  the  judges,  the  treasurers,  the  counsellors,  the  sheriffs, 
and  all  the  rulers  of  the  provinces,  to  come  to  the  dedication  of  the 
image  which  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  had  set  up.  ^  Then  the  princes, 
the  governors,  and  captains,  the  judges,  the  treasurers,  the  counsellors, 
the  sheriffs,  and  all  the  rulers  of  the  provinces,  were  gathered  together 
unto  the  dedication  of  the  image  that  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  had 
set  up;  andHhey  stood  before  the  image  that  Nebuchadnezzar  had  set 
up.  ■*  Then  a  herald  cried  *aloud,  "  To  you  tit  is  commanded,  O  people, 
nations,  and  languages,  ^  that  at  what  time  ye  hear  the  sound  of  the 
cornet,  flute,  harp,  sackbut,  psaltery,  tdulcimer,  and  all  kinds  of  music, 
ye  fall  down  and  worship  the  golden  image  that  Nebuchadnezzar  the 
king  hath  set  up.  ^  And  whoso  falleth  not  down  and  worshippeth  shall 
the  same  hour  "be  cast  into  the  midst  of  a  burning  fiery  furnace." 
'''  Therefore  at  that  time,  when  all  the  people  heard  the  sound  of  the 
cornet,  flute,  harp,  sacjvbut,  psaltery,  and  all  kinds  of  music,  all  the 
people,  the  nations,  and  the  languages,  fell  down  and  worshipped  the 
golden  image  that  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  had  set  up. 

^  Wherefore  at  that  time  certain  Chaldeans  came  near  and  accused 
the  Jews.  ^  They  spake  and  said  to  the  king  Nebuchadnezzar,  "  O  king, 
live  for  ever  !  ^'^  Thou,  O  king,  hast  made  a  decree,  that  every  man 
that  shall  hear  the  sound  of  the  cornet,  flute,  harp,  sackbut,  psaltery, 
and  dulcimer,  and  all  kinds  of  music,  shall  fall  down  and  worship  the 
golden  image:  '' and  whoso  falleth  not  down  and  worshippeth,  that 
he  should  be  cast  into  the  midst  of  a  burning  fiery  furnace.  '^  There 
are  certain  Jews  whom  thou  hast  set  over  the  affairs  of  the  province 
of  Babylon,  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego  ;  these  men,  O  king, 
*have  not  regarded  thee,  they  serve  not  thy  gods,  nor  worship  the 
golden  image  which  thou  hast  set  up." 

^^  Then  Nebuchadnezzar  in  his  rage  and  fury  commanded  to  bring 
Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego.  Then  they  brought  these  men 
before  the  king.  ^*  Nebuchadnezzar  spake  and  said  unto  them,  "  Is  it 


*  CIml.l.  with, 
might. 
^  Clmld.  Vuy  cotn- 

X  Or,  singing. 
Chald.  sympho- 
ny. 

a  Je.  '2d.  22.  Re. 


♦  Chald.  have  set 
no  regard  upon 


(^')  This  chapter  describes  the  dedication  of  that 
golden  image,  most  probably  ordered  by  Nebuchad- 
nezzar on  his  triumphal  return  to  his  capital,  after 
his  conquests.  The  conduct  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 
on  this  occasion   proves  that  the  miraculous   inter- 

f>retation  of  his  dream,  given  b}'  Daniel,  made  no 
asting  impression  on  the  king's  mind.  The  conse- 
cration of  this  idol  to  Bel,  or  Belus  (ver.  14,  Dan. 
iv.  8),  shows  that  he  no  longer  acknowledged 
the  superiority  of  the  God  of  Daniel,  (chap.  ii.  47.) 
But  this  arrogant  idolator,  by  the  wonderful  deliv- 
erance of  his  three  captive  servants,  and  the  mirac- 
ulous appearance  of  the  Son  of  God,  is  again  com- 
pelled to  confess  the  superior  power  of  the  Most 
High  God,  and  fo  declare  '•  there  is  no  other  God 
can  deliver  after  this  sort."  The  believing  .lews, 
on  beholding  the  Divine  Form  which  appeared  in 


the  midst  of  the  fire,  would  recognise  the  same 
Almighty  Being  which  had  guided  their  fathers 
through  the  wilderness,  and  had  so  frequently  mani- 
fested himself  as  the  guardian  God  of  the  vi.sible 
Church.  And  the  wonderful  preservation  of  these 
three  faithful  Hebrews,  must  have  signified  to  all 
the  Jews,  that  the  same  power  would  likewise  be 
exerted  to  support  them  in  all  their  trials,  and  to 
deliver  them  at  the  appointed  time  from  the  furnace 
of  aftliction,  and  finally  restore  them  to  the  land 
and  the  worship  of  their  fathers.  By  this  most  ex- 
traordinary miracle,  the  knowledge  of  the  true  God, 
his  power,  and  superiority,  were  made  known  by 
the  decree  of  Nebuchadnezzar  through  his  exten- 
sive and  universal  empire  ;  and  every  "  people,  na- 
tion, and  bnguaire."  were  called  upon  to  worship 
the  God  of  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nejo. 


Part  IV.] 


NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  SECOND  DREAM. 


1049 


*  as  Ex.  32.  32. 
Lu.  13.  9. 


!  Ex.  5.  2.  2  Ki. 

18.  35. 


d  Mat.  10.  19. 


t  Ch'M.  filed. 


f  Or,  mantles, 
J  Or,  turbans. 

*  Chald.  word. 

\  Or,  spark. 


X  Or,  governors. 


*  Ch;Uil.  t/tere  is 
no  hurt  in  lliem. 

/Job  1.  ti.  &  38. 
7.  Ps.  34.  7. 

t  Chald.  door. 


g- He.  31.  34. 


A  Ps.  34.  7,  8.  Je. 
17.  7.  Da.  6.  23, 
23. 

J  Chald.  a  decree 
is  made  by  me. 

*  Chald.  error. 

t  CliaUI.  made 
jiieces. 

X  Chald.  made  to 
prusyer. 


ttrue,  O  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  do  not  ye  serve  my  gods, 
nor  worship  the  golden  image  which  I  have  set  up  ?  ^^  Now  if  ye  be 
ready  that  at  what  time  ye  hear  the  sound  of  the  cornet,  flute,  harp, 
sackbut,  psaltery,  and  dulcimer,  and  all  kinds  of  music,  ye  fall  down 
and  worship  the  image  which  I  have  made,  'well ;  but  if  ye  worship 
not,  ye  shall  be  cast  the  same  hour  into  the  midst  of  a  burning  fiery 
furnace  ;  and  who  is  that  God  that  shall  deliver  you  out  of  my  hands  ?  " 
^*'  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  answered  and  said  to  the  king, 
"  O  Nebuchadnezzar,  ''we  are  not  careful  to  answer  thee  in  this  matter. 
^^  If  it  be  so,  our  God  whom  we  serve  is  able  to  deliver  us  from  the 
burning  fiery  furnace,  and  he  will  deliver  us  out  of  thy  hand,  O  king. 
^^But  if  not,  be  it  known  unto  thee,  O  king,  that  we  will  not  serve  thy 
gods,  nor  worship  the  golden  image  which  tiiou  hast  set  up." 

^^  Then  was  Nebuchadnezzar  tfull  of  fury,  and  the  form  of  his  visage 
was  changed  against  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego  ;  therefore 
he  spake,  and  commanded  that  they  should  heat  the  furnace  one  seven 
times  more  than  it  was  wont  to  be  heated.  -"  And  he  commanded  the 
*most  mighty  men  that  were  in  his  army  to  bind  Shadrach,  Meshach, 
and  Abed-nego,  and  to  cast  them  into  the  burning  fiery  furnace.  ^^  Then 
these  men  were  bound  in  their  tcoats,  their  hosen,  and  their  thats,  and 
their  other  garments,  and  were  cast  into  the  midst  of  the  burning  fiery 
furnace.  ^-Therefore  because  the  king's  *commandment  was  urgent, 
and  the  furnace  exceeding  hot,  the  tflame  of  the  fire  slew  those  men 
that  took  up  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego.  ~^  And  these  three 
men,  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  fell  down  bound  into  the 
midst  of  the  burning  fiery  furnace.  '-^^  Then  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king 
was  astonished,  and  rose  up  in  haste,  and  spake,  and  said  unto  his 
tcounsellors,  ''  Did  not  we  cast  three  men  bound  into  the  midst  of  the 
fire?"  They  answered  and  said  unto  the  king,  "True,  O  king!" 
~^He  answered  and  said,  "  Lo !  I  see  four  men  loose,  'walking  in  the 
midst  of  the  fire,  and  *they  have  no  hurt ;  and  the  form  of  the  fourth 
is  like  ^the  Son  of  God." 

2^  Then  Nebuchadnezzar  came  near  to  the  tmouth  of  the  burning 
fiery  furnace,  and  spake,  and  said,  "  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed- 
nego,  ye  servants  of  the  Most  High  God,  come  forth,  and  come  hither." 
Then  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  came  forth  of  the  midst  of 
the  fire.  ^"^  And  the  princes,  governors,  and  captains,  and  the  king's 
counsellors,  being  gathered  together,  saw  these  men,  °'upon  whose 
bodies  the  fire  had  no  power,  nor  was  a  hair  of  their  head  singed, 
neither  were  their  coats  changed,  nor  the  smell  of  fire  had  passed  on 
them.  ^®  Then  Nebuchadnezzar  spake,  and  said,  "  Blessed  be  the  God 
of  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  who  hath  sent  his  Angel,  and 
delivered  his  servants  that  ''trusted  in  him, and  have  changed  the  kings 
word,  and  yielded  their  bodies,  that  tliey  might  not  serve  nor  worship 
any  god,  except  their  own  God.  -•'  Therefore  \l  make  a  decree,  '  That 
every  people,  nation,  and  language,  which  speak  *any  thing  amiss 
against  the  God  of  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  shall  be  fcut 
in  pieces,  and  their  houses  shall  be  made  a  dunghill ; '  because  there  is 
no  other  god  that  can  deliver  after  this  sort."  ^°  Then  the  king  tpro- 
moted  Shadrach,  Meshach,  and  Abed-nego,  in  the  province  of  Babylon. 


SECT.  XII.     Section    XII 


-His  Bladness  and  Re- 


M.   3433. 
,  C.  569. 


Nebuchadnezzar' s  Second  Dream 
rover  I/. 
Daniel  iv. 

Nebuchadnezzar  cmtfesseth  God's  kingdom,  4  maketh  relation  of  Jiis  dream,  irliich  the  magicians 
could  not  interpret.     8  Daniel  he'ireth  the  dream.     11)  He  inierprelelh  it. 

^  "  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king,  unto  all   people,  nations,  and  lan- 
guages, that  dwell   in  all  the  earth ;  Peace  be  multiplied  unto  you  I 
132  4  J  * 


1050  NEBUCHADNEZZAR'S  SECOND  DREAM.  [Period  VIL 

•  Chaid.  ft  MM     2  *j  thought  it  ffood  to  show  the  signs  and  wonders  that  the  Hiffh  God 

seemly  before  me.    ■        ,  °  '^  °  .  &  ^* 

hath  wrouojht  toward  me.  ^  How  great  are  his  signs  !  and  how  mighty 
are  his  wonders !  his  kingdom  is  an  everlasting  kingdom,  and  his 
dominion  is  from  generation  to  generation. 

■*  •'  I  Nebuchadnezzar   was  at   rest  in  my  house,  and  flourishing  in 

my  palace.  ^  I  saw  a  dream  which   made  me  afraid,  and  the  thoughts 

upon   my  bed  and  the  visions  of  my  head   troubled  me.  ^  Therefore 

made  I  a  decree  to  bring  in  all  the  wise  men  of  Babylon  before  me, 

that  they  might  make  known  unto  me  the  interpretation  of  the  dream. 

^  Then  came  in  the  magicians,  the  astrologers,  the  Chaldeans,  and  the 

soothsayers  ;  and  I  told  the  dream  before  them,  but  they  did  not  make 

known  unto  me   the  interpretation  thereof.  ^  But  at  the  last  Daniel 

came  in  before  me,  (whose  name  was  Belteshazzar,  according  to  the 

ai..  63. 11.         name  of  my  god,  "and  in  whom  is   the  spirit  of  the  holy  gods;)  and 

before  him  I  told  the  dream,  saying,  ^'O  Belteshazzar,  master  of  the 

magicians,  because  I  know  that  the  spirit  of  the  holy  gods  is  in  thee, 

and  no  secret  troubleth  thee,  tell  me  the  visions  of  my  dream  that  I 

have  seen,  and  the  interpretation  thereof.   ^°  Thus  were  the  visions  of 

tchaid. /ica«      my  head  in  my  bed.     tl  saw,  and  behold  ''a  tree  in  the  midst  of  the 

6E7..31. 3, &c.     earth,  and  the   height  thereof  was  great.  ^' The  tree  grew,  and  was 

strong,  and   the  height  thereof  reached   unto  heaven,  and   the  sight 

thereof  to  the  end  of  all  the  earth :   ^^  the  leaves  thereof  were  fair, 

eEz.  17.23. &. 31.  and  the  fruit  thereof  much,  and  in  it  was  meat  for  all-;   "the  beasts  of 

.  eo   d.  .    .  ^1^^  ^^i^j  j^^^  shadow  under  it,  and  the  fowls  of  the  heaven  dwelt  in 

the  boughs  thereof,  and  all  flesh  was  fed  of  it.  ^^  I  saw  in  the  visions 

dPs.  103. 20.       of  my  head    upon   my  bed,  and,  behold,  ''a  watcher  and  'a  holy  one 

"u.'b^^hil'e  14."'  came  down  from   heaven  ;   i"*  he  cried  taloud,  and  said  thus, — '  Hew 

t  chaid.  with       ■'^down  the   tree,  and  cut  off"  his  branches,  shake  oft'  his  leaves,  and 

flZts.  10         scatter  his  fruit ;  let  the  beasts  get  away  from  under  it,  and  the  fowls 

from  his  branches.   ^^Nevertheless  leave  the  stump  of  his  roots  in  the 

earth,  even  with  a  band  of  iron  and  brass,  in  the  tender  grass  of  the 

field  ;  and  let  it  be  wet  with  the  dew  of  heaven,  and  let  his  portion  be 

with  the  beasts  in  the  grass  of  the  earth.   ^^  Let  his  heart  be  changed 

from  man's,  and  let  a  beast's  heart  be  given  unto  him  ;  and  let  seven 

times  pass  over  him.  ^^This  matter  is  by  the  decree  of  the  watchers, 

and  the  demand  by  the  word  of  the  holy  ones  ;  to  the  intent  that  the 

living  may  know  that  the  Most  High  ruleth  in  the  kingdom  of  men, 

and  giveth  it  to  whomsoever  he  will,  and  setteth  up  over  it  the  basest 

of  men.' — ^^  This  dream  I  king  Nebuchadnezzar  have  seen.  Now  thou, 

O  Belteshazzar,  declare  the  interpretation  thereof,  forasmuch  as  all  the 

wise  men  of  my  kingdom   are   not  able  to  make  known  unto  me  the 

interpretation  ;  but   thou   art  able,  for  the   spirit  of  the   holy  gods   is 

in  thee.' 

^^ "  Then  Daniel,  whose  name  was  Belteshazzar,  was  astonied  for 
one  hour,  and  his  thoughts  troubled  him.  The  king  spake  and  said, 
'  Belteshazzar,  let  not  the  dream,  or  the  interpretation  thereof,  trouble 
*32*Je^^'7^'  ^h^e.'  Belteshazzar  answered  and  said,  'My  lord,  ^the  dream  be  to 
them  that  hate  thee,  and  the  interpretation  thereof  to  thine  enemies  ! 
^^  The  tree  that  thou  sawest,  which  grew,  and  was  strong,  whose  height 
reached  unto  the  heaven,  and  the  sight  thereof  to  all  the  earth ; 
^^  whose  leaves  were  fair,  and  the  fruit  thereof  much,  and  in  it  was 
meat  for  all  ;  under  which  the  beasts  of  the  field  dwelt,  and  upon 
whose  branches  the  fowls  of  the  heaven  had  their  habitation  :  --  it  is 
thou,  O  king,  that  art  grown  and  become  strong  ;  for  thy  greatness  is 
AJe.  27. 6-8.  grown  and  reacheth  unto  heaven,  ''and  thy  dominion  to  the  end  of  the 
earth.  ~^  And  wliereas  the  king  saw  a  watcher  and  a  holy  one  coming 
down  from  heaven,  and  saying, — '  Hew  the  tree  down,  and  destroy  it ; 


Part  IV.]  MADNESS  AND  RECOVERY  OF  NEBUCHADNEZZAR.  1051 

yet  leave  the  stump  of  the  roots  thereof  in  the  earth,  even  with  a  band 

of  iron  and  brass,  in  the  tender  grass  of  the  field  ;  and  let  it  be  wet 

with  the  dew  of  heaven,  and  let  his  portion  be  with  the  beasts  of  the 

field,  till  seven  times  pass  over  him;'  ^^  this   is  the  interpretation,  O 

king,  and  this  is  the  decree  of  the  Most  High,  which  is  come  upon  my 

iDa.  5. 21,  &c.     lord  the  king :  ~'^  that  they  shall  "drive  thee  from  men,  and  thy  dwelling 

shall  be  with  the  beasts  of  the  field,  and  they  shall  make  thee  to  eat 

grass  as   oxen,  and   they  shall  wet   thee  with   the  dew  of  heaven,  and 

seven  times  shall   pass  over  thee,  till  thou   know  that  the  Most  High 

>je.27.5.  ruleth  in  the  kingdom  of  men,  and  ^giveth  it  to  whomsoever  he  will. 

26  And  whereas  they  commanded  to  leave  the  stump  of  the  tree  roots ; 

thy  kingdom  shall  be  sure  unto  thee,  after  that  thou  shalt  have  known 

k  Mat.  21. 25.       that  the  *^heavens  do  rule.  2'  Wherefore,  O  king,  let  my  counsel  be 

npe!4.8^'^''     acceptable   unto  thee,  and   'break  ofl^  thy  sins   by  righteousness,  and 

*ot,  a  healing     thiuc  iuiquitics  by  showing  mercy  to  the  poor  ;  if  it  may  be  *a  length- 

of  thine  error.  .  r    .^         .  -ii-^      ?  )5 

iKi.21.29.        ennig  ot  thy  tranquillity. 

-^  "  All  this""*  came  upon  the  king  Nebuchadnezzar.  ^^  At  the  end  of 

\  Or, upon.         twelve  months  he  walked  tin  the  palace  of  the  kingdom  of  Babylon. 

mPr.  16. 18.  ^0  The  king  '"spake,  and  said,  '  Is  not  this  great  Babylon,  that  I  have 
built  for  the  house  of  the  kingdom  by  the  might  of  my  power,  and  for 

«  Lu.  12. 20.  the  honor  of  my  majesty  ? '  ^^  While  "the  word  was  in  the  king's  mouth, 
there  fell  a  voice  from  heaven,  saying,  '  O  king  Nebuchadnezzar,  to 
thee  it  is  spoken  ;  the  kingdom  is  departed  from  thee.  ^~  And  they 
shall  drive  thee  from  men,  and  thy  dwelling  shall  be  with  the  beasts  of 
the  field  ;  they  shall  make  thee  to  eat  grass  as  o.xen,  and  seven  times 
shall  pass  over  thee,  until  thou  know  that  the  Most  High  ruleth  in  the 
kingdom  of  men,  and  giveth  it  to  whomsoever  he  will,'  ^^  The  same 
hour  was  the  thing  fulfilled  upon  Nebuchadnezzar  ;  and  he  was  driven 
from  men,  and  did  eat  grass  as  oxen,  and  his  body  was  wet  with  the 
dew  of  heaven,  till  his  hairs  were  grown  like  eagles'  feathers,  and  his 
nails  like  birds'  claws.  ^*  And  at  the  end  of  the  days  I  Nebuchadnezzar 
lifted  up  mine  eyes  unto  heaven,  and  mine  understanding  returned 
unto  me,  and  I  blessed  the  Most  High,  and  I  praised  and  honored  Him 
that  liveth  for  ever,  whose  dominion  is  °an  everlasting  dominion,  and 
his  kingdom  is  from  generation  to  generation  ;  ^^and  all  the  inhabitants 
of  the  earth  are  reputed  as  nothing ;  and  He  doeth  according  to  his 
will  in  the  army  of  heaven,  and  among  the  inhabitants  of  the  earth  : 

pjob9. 12. Is.  and  none  can  stay  his  hand,  or  say  unto  him,  ''What  doest  thou? 
^^  At  the  same  time  my  reason  returned  unto  me  ;  and  lor  the  glory 
of  my  kingdom,  mine  honor  and  brightness  returned  unto  me  ;  and 
my  counsellors  and  my  lords  sought  unto  me  ;  and  I  was  established 
in  my  kingdom,  and  excellent  majesty  was  'added  unto  me.  ^^  Now  I 
Nebuchadnezzar  praise  and  extol  and  honor  the  King  of  heaven,  all 

r  Ex.  18.11.  whose  works  are  truth,  and  his  ways  judgment ;  'and  those  that  walk 
in  pride  he  is  able  to  abase." 

(5°)  The  signal  judgment  inflicted  upon  Nebii-  he  was  too  untameable  and  unmanageable  to  be  con- 

chadnezzar,  relatedin  this  chapter,  with  its  attendant  trolled  by  man.     His  intellect  returned  after  seven 

circumstances,  must  have  impressed  all  the  nations  years,  and  he  again  resumed  the  government  of  his 

of  the  east  with  the  conviction  that  Jehovah  was  kingdom,  (ver.  36.)     The  evidence  of  the   predic- 

the  one  true  God ;  that  kings  and  princes  were  only  tion,  the  fall,  and  the  restoration  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 

the  instruments  of  his  wilfin   the  government  of  is  perhaps  the  most  undeniable  of  any  thing  that 

the  world.     After  having  been  raised  by  the  most  rests  upon  mere  human  testimony.    The  king  him- 

brilliant   and   unexampled    successes    to    the   very  self,  upon   his   recovery,  published  a  proclamation 

height   of  human  power  and  ambition,  this  king  in  every  part  of  his  vast  empire  giving  an  account 

was    suddenly   removed   from   all  his  possessions,  of  all  that  had  befallen  him,  and  praising  and  honor- 

"  was  driven  from  men,  and  did  eat  grass  as  oxen,  ing    the    King  of  heaven.     The   evidence    of  the 

till  his  hairs  were  grown  like  eagles'  feathers,  and  wliole  fact  stands  upon  this  public   record  of  the 

his  nails  like  birds'  claws."     The  madness  of  this  Babylonian  empire,  preserved,  word   for  word,  in 

irreat  monarch  is  generally  supposed   to  have  con-  this  chapter,  which  must  therefore   be   considered, 

sisted  in  his  fancying  himself  a  beast,  and  living  not  as  Daniel's,  but  as  Nebuchadnezzar's  writing, 

like  one,  and  that  during  this  bereavement  of  reason.  — Bishop  Horsley. 


45.  9.  Ro.  9.  20. 


105-2 


DANIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  FOUR  LIVING  CREATURES.     [Period  VII. 


SECT.  xni. 


A.  M.  3443. 
B.  C.  561. 


a  Ge.  40.  13  20. 


*  Heb.  good 
tMngs  uiilk  him. 


6  2Sa.  9.  7,  13. 


t  Heb.  the  maUer 
of  the  day  in  his 
day. 


J  Heb.  good 
tilings  with  him. 


SECT.  XIV. 

A.  M.   3463. 
B.  C.  541. 

*  Cliald.  saa. 
t  Or,  words. 

a  Re.  13.  1. 

b  De.  28.  49. 

2  Sii.  1.  23.  Je. 

4.  7,  13.  &.  48. 

40.  Ez.  17.  3. 

Hab.  I.  8. 
%  Or,  wherewith. 

*  Or,  it  raised  up 
one  dominion. 


d  Re.  9.  7. 

e  Vs.  12.  3.  Re. 

13.5. 
/Re.  20.  4. 
g  Fa.  90.  2. 


Section-  XIII. — Accession  of  Evil-mcrodach,  and  Release  of  Jchoiachin  from 

Prison.^^'^ 

Jekemiah  Hi.  31,  to  the  end. — 2  Ki.nos  xxv.  27,  to  the  end. 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  seven  and  thirtieth  year  of  the  captivity 
of  Jehoiachin  king  of  Judah,  in  the  twelfth  month,  in  the  five  and 
twentieth  day  of  the  month,  that  Evil-merodach  king  of  Babylon  in  the 
first  year  of  iiis  reign  "lifted  up  the  head  of  Jehoiachin  king  of  Judah, 
and  brought  him  forth  out  of  prison,  ^"-and  spake  *kindly  unto  him,  and 
set  his  throne  above  the  throne  of  the  kings  that  were  with  him  in 
Babylon,  ^^  and  changed  his  prison  garments ;  ''and  he  did  continually 
eat  bread  before  him  all  the  days  of  his  life.  ^^  And  for  his  diet,  there 
was  a  continual  diet  given  him  of  the  king  of  Babylon,  ievery  day  a 
portion  until  the  day  of  his  death,  all  the  days  of  his  life. 

2  Kings  xxv.  27,  to  the  end. — "  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  seven  and  thirtieth  year 
of  the  captivity  of  Jehoiachin  king  of  Judah,  in  the  twelftii  month,  on  the  seven  and 
twentieth  day  of  the  month,  that  Evil-merodach  king  of  Babylon  in  the  year  that  he  be- 
gan to  reign  did  lift  up  the  head  of  Jehoiachin  king  of  Judah  out  of  prison  ;  *'and  he 
spake  tkindly  to  him,  and  set  his  throne  above  the  throne  of  the  kings  that  were  with 
him  in  Babylon, '^ and  changed  his  prison  garments;  and  he  did  eat  bread  continually 
before  him  all  the  days  of  his  life.  •""  And  his  allowance  was  a  continual  allowance  given 
him  of  the  king,  a  daily  rate  for  every  day,  all  the  days  of  his  life. 

Section  XIV. — Daniel's  first  Vision  of  the  four  living  Crcatnres.^^'^^ 

Daniel  vii. 

Daniel's  vision  of  four  beasts.     9  Of  God's  kingdom.     15  The  interpretation  thereof. 

^  In  the  first  year  of  Belshazzar  king  of  Babylon  Daniel  *had  a  dream 
and  visions  of  his  head  upon  his  bed  ;  then  he  wrote  the  dream,  and 
told  the  sum  of  the  tmatters.  ^Daniel  spake  and  said, — 

I  saw  in  my  vision  by  night,  and,  behold,  the  four  winds  of  the 
heaven  strove  upon  the  great  sea.  ^  And  four  great  beasts  "came  up 
from  the  sea,  diverse  one  from  another.  '^  The  first  was  ''like  a  lion, 
and  had  eagle's  wings  :  I  beheld  till  the  wungs  thereof  were  plucked, 
land  it  was  lifted  up  from  the  earth,  and  made  stand  upon  the  feet  as 
a  man,  and  a  man's  heart  was  given  to  it.  ^  And  behold  another  beast, 
a  second,  like  to  a  bear,  and  *it  raised  up  itself  on  one  side,  and  it 
had  three  ribs  in  the  mouth  of  it  between  the  teeth  of  it :  and  they 
said  thus  unto  it,  Arise,  devour  much  flesh!  ^ After  this  I  beheld, 
and  lo  another,  like  a  leopard,  which  had  upon  the  back  of  it  four 
wings  of  a  fowl ;  the  beast  had  also  four  heads  ;  and  dominion  Avas. 
given  to  it.  '''After  this  I  saw  in  the  night  visions,  and  behold  a  fourth 
beast,  dreadful  and  terrible,  and  strong  exceedingly  ;  and  it  had  great 
iron  teeth  ;  it  devoured  and  brake  in  pieces,  and  stamped  the  residue 
with  the  feet  of  it.  And  it  was  diverse  from  all  the  beasts  that  were 
before  it;  '"audit  had  ten  horns,  ^l  considered  the  horns,  and,  behold, 
there  came  up  among  them  another  little  horn,  before  whom  there 
were  three  of  the  first  horns  plucked  up  by  the  roots  ;  and,  behold,  in 
this  horn  were  eyes  like  the  eyes  ''of  man,  'and  a  mouth  speaking  great 
things. 

^  I  beheld  till  the  thrones  were  cast  down,  and  ^The  Ancient  of 


(*')  Evil-merodach,  the  son  of  Nebuchadnezzar, 
succeeded  his  father,  in  the  thirty-seventh  year  of 
the  captivity  of  Jehoiachin.  No  transaction  of  his 
reign  is  recorded  in  Scripture,  but  the  release  of 
Jehoiachin,  "  whom  he  treated  kindly  and  hospita- 
bly, setting  him  above  all  the  other  captive  kings 
which  were  in  Babylon."  Jerome  notices  a  Jewish 
tradition,  tliat  Evil-merodach,  during  his  father's 
distraction,  behaved  so  ill  in  provoking  a  war  with 
the  Medes,  that  on  his  recovery,  Nebuchadnezzar 


threw  him  into  prison,  where  he  contracted  an  in- 
timacy with  Jehoiachin. 

(**)  The  vision  of  the  four  beasts  in  this  chapter 
represents  the  same  four  great  monarchies  of  the 
world  prefigured  in  Nebuchadnezzar's  dream  (ch. 
ii.),  by  a  large  statue  composed  of  various  metals. 
NebuchadnMzar  saw  his  kingdom  flourishing. 
Daniel  now  beholds  it  on  the  eve  of  destruction, 
with  its  v.-inrrs  plucked,  and  "  lifted  up  from  the 
earth,"  (vcr.  -5.)     The  ten  liorus  of  this  beast,  sig- 


Part  IV.] 


DANIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  FOUR  LIVING  CREATURES. 


1053 


h  Ps.  10-1.  2.  Re. 

1.  J  4. 
i  Ez.  1.  15,  16. 
j  Vs.  50.  3.  &  97. 

3.  Is.  30.  33.  & 

66.  15. 
k  1  Ki.  22.  19. 

Ps.  68.  17.  He. 

12.  -22. 


Days  did  sit,  'Whcse  garment  was  white  as  snow,  and  the  hair  of  his 
head  hke  the  pure  wool  ;  his  throne  was  hke  the  fiery  flame,  'and  his 
wheels  as  burning  fire.  ^"  A  ^ fiery  stream  issued  and  came  forth  from 
before  him  ;  ^thousand  thousands  ministered  unto  him,  and  ten  thou- 
sand times  ten  thousand  stood  before  him  :  the  judgment  was  set,  and 
Re. 5. 11.  the  books  were  opened.  ^^I  beheld  then  because  of  the  voice  of  the 
great  words  whicli  the  horn  spake  ;  '1  beheld  even  till  the  beast  was 
slain,  and  his  body  destroyed,  and  given  to  the  burning  flame.  ^^  As 
concerning  the  rest  of  the  beasts,  they  had  their  dominion  taken  away; 
yet  ttheir  lives  were  prolonged  for  a  season  and  time. 

^^  I  saw  in  the  night  visions,  and,  behold,  '"one  like  the  Son  of  Man 
came  with  the  clouds  of  heaven,  and  came  to  The  Ancient  of  Days, 


t  Chald.  a  pro- 
longing hi  life 
was  gioen  them, 

m  Ez.  1.26.  Mat. 
24.  30.  &  26.  (;4. 
Ke.  1.7,  13.  & 
14.  14. 


nified  by  the  ten  toes  of  the  image  (ii.  4] ,  42,)  de-  result  of  whose  researches  on  this  subject  are  given 
note  ten  kingdoms,  or  principalities;  which  have  by  Home,  in  his  Critical  Introduction,  according  to 
been  variously  interpreted  by  ditferent  writers,  the     the  following  table. 


Machiavel.* 

JVlEDE.f 

Bishop  Lloyd^and 
Dr.  Hales.^ 

Sir   Isaac 

Newton. II 

Bishop    Newton. IT 

1.  The  first 
horn. 

The  Ostrogotlis 
in  McBsia. 

The  Britons. 

The  Huns,  A.  D.  336. 

Vandals  and 

Alans  in  Spain 

and  Africa. 

The  senate  of  Rome,  who 
revolted  from  the  Greek 
emperors,  and  claimed 
the  privilege  of  choos- 
ing a  new  emperor. 

2.  The   second 
horn. 

The  Visigoths 
in  Pannonia. 

The  Saxons  in 
Britain. 

Ostrogoths,  377. 

The    Suevians 
in  Spain. 

The  Greeks  in  Ravenna. 

3.  The  third 
horn. 

The  Siieves  and 
Alans    in    Gas- 
coigne  in  Spain. 

The  Franks. 

Visigoths,  378. 

The  Visigoths. 

The  Lombards  in 
Lonibardy. 

4.  The  fourth 
horn. 

The  Vandals  in 
Africa. 

The  Burgiindians  in 
France. 

Franks,  407. 

The  Alans  in 
Gallia. 

The  Huns  in  Hungary. 

5.  The  fifth 
horn. 

The  Franks  in 
France. 

The  Visigoths  in  the 
south  of  France  and 
part  of  Spam. 

Vandals,  407. 

The 
Burgundians. 

The  Alemanni  in 
Germany. 

6.  The  sixth 
horn. 

The 

Burgiindians  in 

Burgundy. 

The       Sueves     and 
Alans    in    Gallicia 
and  Portugal. 

Sueves  and  Alans,  407. 

The  Franks. 

The  Franks  in  Fiance. 

7.  The  seventh 
horn. 

The  Heruli  and 

Thuringi  in 

Italy. 

The  Vandals  in 
Africa. 

Burgundians,  407. 

The  Britons. 

Burgundians  in 
Burgundy. 

8.  The  eighth 
horn. 

The  Saxons  and 

Angles  in 

Britain. 

The  Alemanni  in 
Germany. 

The  Herules,  Rugians, 
and  Thuringlans,  476. 

The  Huns. 

The  Goths  in  Spain. 

9.  The  ninth 
horn. 

The  1IU17S  in 
Hungary. 

The  Ostrocoths,  who 
were  succeeded  by 
tlu^    Lombards     in 
Panmmia,  and   af- 
terwards in  Italy. 

The  Saxons,  476. 

The 
Lombards. 

The  Britons. 

10.  The  tenth 
horn. 

The    Lombards, 
first    upon   the 
DaiiuLe,      and 
afterwards     in 
Italy. 

The    Greeks   in    the 
residue  of  the  em- 
pire. 

The      Longobardi      in 
Hungary,   536;    who 
were   seated    in    the 
northern     parts       of 
Germany  about  483. 

The  kingdom 
of  Ravenna. 

The  Saxons  in  Britain. 

Besides  these  ten  horns,  or  kingdoms,  there  was 
to  spring  up  another  "  little  horn,"  which  is  gener- 
ally suppose  to  denote  the  papal  power  ;  a  power 
which  fully  answers  the  character  of  the  "  little 
horn  ;  "  setting  up  himself  above  all  laws,  divine 
and  human,  arrogating  to  himself  godlike  attri- 
butes, and  titles  of  holiness,  of  infallibility,  wearing 
"  out  the  saints  of  the  Most  High,"  by  massacres 
and  inquisitions,  and  destroying  all  those  who  re- 
fuse to  comply  with  his  ordinances,  innovations, 
and  decrees.  The  papal  power,  being  an  ecclesias- 
tical and  spiritual,  as  well  as  a  civil  and  temporal 

*  Hist.  Flor.  lib.  i. 

t  Works,  p.  661. 

X  In  Lowth's  Commentary  on  the  Prophets,  pp.  381,  382. 


authority,  is  called  "  diverse  from  the  first,"  and  it 
is  said,  that  "  he  shall  subdue  three  kings,"  (ver. 
23,  24.)  Out  of  the  ten  horns  or  kingdoms, 
those  of  the  Heruli,  the  Ostrogoths,  and  the  Lom- 
bards were  successively  "  plucked  up,"  and  annex- 
ed to  the  papacy  by  the  "  little  horn,"  through 
which  means  the  pope  became  a  temporal  prince. 
All  the  kingdoms  above  described  will  be  succeeded 
by  the  "  everlasting  dominion  "  of  the  Messiah, 
(ver.  9-15,  and  27.) — Bishop  Newton;  Home's 
Crit.  Introd. 


^  .^nalifsis  of  Chronolovii,  vol.  ii.  bo 

[|  On  Dimicl,  ch.  vi.  p.  '47. 

ir  Dissertations  on  the  Pruphecir.,-,  vc 


1054 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VII. 


n  Ps.  2.  6-8.  &  8. 

6.  &  110.  1,2. 

Mat.  11.  -27.  ic 

28.  18.  Jo.  3.  35. 

1  Co.  15.  -27.  Ep. 

1.  va. 
o  P3.  145.  13. 

Mic.  4.  7.  Lu.  1. 

33.  Jo.  12.  34. 

He.  12.  2e. 
t  Chald.  sheath. 


p  Ig.  60.  12-14. 
2  Ti.  2.  11,  12. 
Re.  2.  -26,  27.  & 
3.21.  di.20.  4. 

*  Ctialii.  Ai^A 
ones,  that  is, 
t/urtu-a-,or,  places. 

^  Cha\d.  from  aU 


r  I  Co.  6.  2.  Re. 
1.  6.  &  5. 10.  & 

ao.  4. 


t  Is.  37.23.1  Mac. 

1.  46.  Re.  13.  5, 

6. 
uRe.  17.  a  &18. 

24. 
V  Re.  13.  7. 
to  Re.  12.  14. 


iLn.  1.33.  Jo. 
13.  34.  Re.  11. 
15. 

y  Is.  60.  12. 

J  Or,  rulers. 


A.  M.  3465. 
B.  C.  539. 


and  they  brought  him  near  before  him.  ^*  And  "there  was  given  him 
dominion,  and  glory,  and  a  kingdom,  that  all  people,  nations,  and  lan- 
guages, should  serve  him  ;  his  dominion  is  °an  everlasting  dominion, 
which  shall  not  pass  away,  and  his  kingdom  that  which  shall  not  be  de- 
stroyed. 

^"•I  Daniel  was  grieved  in  my  spirit  in  the  midst  of  my  tbody,  and 
the  visions  of  my  head  troubled  me.  ^^  I  came  near  unto  one  of  them 
that  stood  by,  and  asked  him  the  truth  of  all  this.  So  he  told  me,  and 
made  me  know  the  interpretation  of  the  things.  ^"^  These  great  beasts, 
which  are  four,  are  four  kings,  which  siiall  arise  out  of  the  earth.  ^®  But 
''the  saints  of  the  *Most  High  shall  take  the  kingdom,  and  possess  the 
kingdom  for  ever,  even  for  ever  and  ever. 

^■*  Then  I  would  know  the  truth  of  the  fourth  beast,  which  was  di- 
verse ffrom  all  the  others,  exceeding  dreadful,  whose  teeth  were  of 
iron,  and  his  nails  of  brass  ;  which  devoured,  brake  in  pieces,  and 
stamped  the  residue  with  his  feet  ;  ^'^  and  of  the  ten  horns  that  were  in 
his  head,  and  of  the  other  which  came  up,  and  before  whom  three  fell ; 
even  of  that  horn  that  had  eyes,  and  a  mouth  that  spake  very  great 
things,  whose  look  was  more  stout  than  his  fellows.  ^'  I  beheld,  'and 
the  same  horn  made  war  with  the  saints,  and  prevailed  against  them  ; 
2^  until  The  Ancient  of  Days  came,  'and  judgment  was  given  to  the 
saints  of  the  Most  High  ;  and  the  time  came  that  the  saints  possessed 
the  kingdom.  ~^  Thus  he  said,  "  The  fourth  beast  shall  be  the  fourth 
kingdom  upon  earth,  which  shall  be  diverse  from  all  kingdoms,  and 
shall  devour  the  whole  earth,  and  shall  tread  it  down,  and  break  it  in 
pieces.  ^^  And  Hhe  ten  horns  out  of  this  kingdom  are  ten  kings  that 
shall  arise  ;  and  another  shall  rise  after  them  ;  and  he  shall  be  diverse 
from  the  first,  and  he  shall  subdue  three  kings.  ^^  And  'he  shall  speak 
great  words  against  the  Most  High,  and  shall  "wear  out  the  saints  of 
the  Most  High,  and  think  to  change  times  and  laws  ;  and  'they  shall 
be  given  into  his  hand  ""until  a  time  and  times  and  the  dividing  of 
time.  2*^  But  the  judgment  shall  sit,  and  they  shall  take  away  his  do- 
minion, to  consume  and  to  destroy  it  unto  the  end.  ^'  And  the  king- 
dom and  dominion,  and  the  greatness  of  the  kingdom  under  the 
whole  heaven,  shall  be  given  to  the  people  of  the  saints  of  the  Most 
High,  ""whose  kingdom  is  an  everlasting  kingdom,  ''and  all  Idominions 
shall  serve  and  obey  him." 

^*  Hitherto  is  the  end  of  the  matter.  As  for  me,  Daniel,  my  cogi- 
tations much  troubled  me,  and  my  countenance  changed  in  me  ;  but 
I  kept  the  matter  in  my  heart. 

Section  XV. — Psalms  written  during  the  Distresses  and  Affiictions  of  the 

Church,  chief y  in  the   Babylonish  Captivity .^^^^ 

PSALM  CXXXVII. 

The  constancy  of  the  Jews  in  captivity.     7  The  prophet  curseth  Edam  and  Babel. 

^  By  the  rivers  of  Babylon,  there  we  sat  down, 
Yea,  we  wept,  when  we  remembered  Zion. 

referring  to  the  contents  of  Psalm  l.Kxxix.  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  name  of  David  occurs  more  than 
once.  This  circumstance  compelled  me  to  conclude 
that  it  was  written  either  in,  or  after,  the  time  of 
the  Psalmist:  the  supposition  of  Lightfoot.  that 
the  name  of  David  was  inserted  prophetically, 
during  the  distress  in  Egypt  before  the  Exodus, 
appeared  to  require  confirmation. — Vide  Lightfoot's 
Chronicle,  p.  2'^.  The  reader  will  observe  that 
there  is  a  misprint  in  the  passage  of  Lightfoot  here 
referred  to.  Psalm  Ixxix.  is  printed  by  mistake  for 
Psalm  Ixxxix.  It  is  plain  that  the  latter  is  meant, 
for  the  name  of  David  does  not  occur  in  Psalm 
Ixxix. 


('^)  The  Psalms  contained  in  this  section  are  sup- 
posed by  Calmet,  Home,  Gray,  and  others,  to  have 
been  written  during  tlie  Babylonish  captivity. 
They  are  inserted  thus  late  in  the  Period,  because 
the  exact  time  of  their  date  is  quite  uncertain,  and 
it  is  most  probable  tliat  the  persecution  and  distress 
of  the  Jews  were  greatest  during  the  reign  of  Bel- 
shazzar,  who  did  not  know  Daniel.  The~character 
of  this  king,  as  given  by  Xenophon,  and  by  Isaiah, 
(xiv.  29,)  corroborates  this  supposition.  The 
Ixxxviiith  Psalm,  on  the  authority  of  Lightfoot,  was 
inserted  in  the  first  part  of  Period  III.  ;  and  as  he 
has  used  the  same  arguments  with  respect  to  the 
Ixxxixth  as  to  the  Ixxxviiith,  it  may  excite  surprise, 
that  the  two  Psalms  are  not  placed  together.     On 


Part  IV. 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


1055 


*  Ileb.  the  tcurds 

of  a  song. 
t  Heb.  laid  us  on 

heaps. 


*  Heb.  tlte  head  of 
mijjoij. 

t  lieh.  Make  bare, 
a  Is.  13.  I,  (;,&c. 

&  47.  I.  Je.  25. 

12.  k.  50.  2. 
I  Heb.  wasted. 

*  Ueh.thatrecom- 
peiiseth  unto 
thee  thy  deed 
which  thou  didst 

t  Heb.  the  rock. 


PSALM  CXXX. 


a  La.  3.  55.  Jon. 
2.2. 


6  Ro.  3.  20,  23, 
24. 


c  Ex.  34.  7. 
d  1  Ki.  8.  40. 


f  P3.  86.  5, 15.  Is. 

.55.  7. 
/Ps.  103.3,4. 

Mat.  1.  21. 


PS.\LM  LXXX. 


*  Ps.  45,  &  69, 
title, 
t  Oi,  for  Asaph. 


X  Heb.  come  for 
salvation  to  us. 


*  Heb.  wilt  thou 
smoke,  Ps.  74.  1, 


^  We  hanged  our  harps  upon  the  willows  in  the  midst  thereof. 

^  For  there  they  that  carried  us  away  captive  required  of  us  *a  song ; 

And  they  that  iwasted  us  required  of  us  mirth, 

Saying,  "  Sing  us  one  of  the  songs  of  Zion." 
"*  How  shall  we  sing  the  Lord's  song 

In  a  Estrange  land  ? 
^  If  I  forget  thee,  O  Jerusalem, 

Let  my  right  hand  forget  her  cunning. 
^  If  I  do  not  remember  thee, 

Let  my  tongue  cleave  to  the  roof  of  my  mouth  ; 

If  I  prefer  not  Jerusalem  above  *my  chief  joy. 
■^  Remember,  O  Lord,  the  children  of  Edom 

In  the  day  of  Jerusalem  ; 

Who  said,  "  +Raze  it,  raze  it,  even  to  the  foundation  thereof." 
^  O  Daughter  of  Babylon,  "who  art  to  be  tdestroyed, 

Happy  shall  he  be,  *that  rewardeth  thee  as  thou  hast  served  us. 
^  Happy  shall  he  be, 

That  taketli  and  dasheth  thy  little  ones  against  tthe  stones ! 

PSALM  CXXX. 

The  psalmist  professeth  his  hope  in  prayer,  5  and  his  patience  in  hope.     7  He  exhorteth  Israel  ti 

hope  in  God. 

A  Song  of  Degrees. 

1  Out  "of  the  depths  have  I  cried  unto  thee,  O  Lord  ! 
^  Lord,  hear  my  voice  ; 

Let  thine  ears  be  attentive  to  the  voice  of  my  supplications. 
^  If  Hhou,  Lord,  shouldest  mark  iniquities, 

O  Lord,  who  shall  stand  ? 
^  But  there  is  'forgiveness  with  thee, 

That  ''thou  mayest  be  feared. 
^  I  wait  for  the  Lord, 

My  soul  doth  wait,  and  in  his  word  do  I  hope. 
^  My  soul  waiteth  for  the  Lord 

More  than  they  that  watch  for  the  morning ; 

*I  say,  more  than  they  that  watch  for  the  morning. 
'''  Let  Israel  hope  in  the  Lord  ; 

For  'with  the  Lord  there  is  mercy, 

And  with  him  is  plenteous  redemption. 
^  And  -^he  shall  redeem  Israel  from  all  his  iniquities. 

PSALM  LXXX. 

The  psalmist  in  his  prayer  complaineth  of  the  miseries  of  the  Church.     8  God's  former  favors  ar 

turned  into  Judgments.     14  He  pruyeth  for  deliverance. 

To  the  chief  Musician  *upoii  Shoshannim-Eduth,  A  Psalm  fof  Asaph. 

^  Give  ear,  O  Shepherd  of  Israel ! 

Thou  that  leadest  Joseph  like  a  flock  ; 

Thou  "that  dwellest  between  the  cherubim,  shine  forth. 
^  Before  Ephraim  and  Benjamin  and  Manasseh  stir  up  thy  strength, 

And  Icome  and  save  us. 
3  Turn  us  again,  O  God,  and  cause  thy  face  to  shine ; 

And  we  shall  be  saved. 
4  O  Lord  God  of  hosts ! 

How  long  *wilt  thou  be  angry  against  the  prayer  of  thy  people  ? 
^  Thou  feedest  them  with  the  bread  of  tears  ; 

And  givest  them  tears  to  drink  in  great  measure. 
^  Thou  makest  us  a  strife  unto  our  neighbours; 

And  our  enemies  laugh  among  themselves. 
"^  Turn  us  again,  O  God  of  hosts  ! 

And  cause  thy  face  to  shine  ;  and  we  shall  be  saved. 


1056 


PSALMS  WRITTExX  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VII 


b  Is.  5.  1,  7.  Je. 
2.21.   Ez.  15.6. 
&  17.  6.  &  19. 
10. 


t  Heb.  the  cedars 
of  Qod. 


t  Or,  for  Jlsapk. 


X  Heb.  Iiand. 


b  Ro.  9.  6. 
*  Heb.  to  genera- 
thin  and  gcnera- 


^  Thou  hast  brought  ''a  vine  out  of  Egypt : 

Thou  hast  cast  out  the  heathen,  and  planted  it. 
°  Thou  'preparedst  room  before  it, 

And  didst  cause  it  to  take  deep  root, 

And  it  filled  the  land. 
^°  The  hills  were  covered  with  the  shadow  of  it, 

And  the  boughs  thereof  were  like  tthe  goodly  cedars. 
11  She  sent  out  lier  boughs  unto  the  sea, 

And  her  branches  unto  the  river. 
1-  Why  hast  thou  then  broken  down  iier  hedges, 

So  that  all  they  which  pass  by  the  way  do  pluck  her? 
I"'  The  boar  out  of  the  wood  doth  waste  it, 

And  the  wild  beast  of  the  field  doth  devour  it. 
14  Return,  we  beseech  thee,  O  God  of  hosts  ; 

Look  ''down  from  heaven,  and  behold,  and  visit  this  vine, 
1^  And  the  vineyard  which  thy  right  hand  hath  planted, 

And  the  branch  that  thou  madest  strong  for  thyself. 
16  It  is  burned  with  fire,  it  is  cut  down  : 

They  perish  at  the  rebuke  of  thy  countenance. 
1''  Let  thy  hand  be  upon  the  man  of  thy  right  hand, 

Upon  the  son  of  man  whom  thou  madest  strong  for  thyself. 
1^  So  will  not  we  go  back  from  thee  : 

Quicken  us,  and  we  will  call  upon  thy  name. 
1^  Turn  us  again,  O  Lord  God  of  hosts  ! 

Cause  thy  face  to  shine  ;  and  we  shall  be  saved. 

PSALM  LXXVII. 

The  psalmist    shoiceth  what  ferce  combat  he  had  with  diffulence.    10  Tlie  victonj  ivhich  he  liad  by 

consideration  of  God's  great  and  gracious  loorks. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  *to  Jeduthun,  A  Psalm  fof  Asaph. 

1  I  cried  unto  God  with  my  voice, 

Even  unto  God  with  my  voice  ;  and  he  gave  ear  unto  me. 
~  In  the  day  of  my  trouble  I  sought  the  Lord  : 

My  tsore  ran  in  the  night,  and  ceased  not: 

My  soul  refused  to  be  comforted. 
^  I  remembered  God,  and  was  troubled  : 

I  complained,  and  my  spirit  was  overwhelmed.     Selah ! 
^  Thou  boldest  mine  eyes  waking  : 

I  am  so  troubled  that  I  cannot  speak. 
^  I  "have  considered  the  days  of  old, 

The  years  of  ancient  times. 
^  I  call  to  remembrance  my  song  in  the  night : 

I  commune  with  mine  own  heart ; 

And  my  spirit  made  diligent  search. 
■^  Will  the  Lord  cast  oft'  for  ever? 

And  will  he  be  favorable  no  more  ? 
^  Is  his  mercy  clean  gone  for  ever  ? 

Doth  ''his  promise  fail  ""for  evermore? 
^  Hath  God  forgotten  to  be  gracious  ? 

Ilath  he  in  anger  shut  up  his  tender  mercies  ?  Selah  ! 
I''  And  I  said,  "  This  is  mine  infirmity  : 

But  I  will  remember  the  years  of  the  right  hand  of  the  Most  High. 
11  I  will  remember  the  works  of  the  Lord  : 

Surely  I  will  remember  thy  wonders  of  old. 
1-  I  will  meditate  also  of  all  thy  work. 

And  talk  of  t!iy  doings." 

'^  Thy  way.  O  God  !   is  in  the  sanctuary : 

Who  '^is  so  great  a  God  as  our  God  ! 


Part  IV.] 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


1057 


eEx.  14.21.  Jo3. 
3.  15,  16.  Ps. 
114.  3.  Hab.  3. 
8,  &c. 


t  Heb.  tcere 
poured  forth  with 
■water. 


g  Ex.  14.  28. 
ft  Ex.  13.  21.  & 

14.  19.  I9.  63. 

11,12.  Ho.  12. 

13. 


a  Pr.  23.  17.  &. 
24.  1,  19. 


t  Heb.  Roll  thy 

way  upon  the 

LORD.  Ps.  55. 

22.  Pr.  16.  3. 

Wat.  6.  25.  Lu. 

12.  22.  1  Pe.  5. 

7. 
6  Job  11. 17.  Mic. 

7.9. 
X  Heb.  Be  silent 

to  Vie  LORD. 


c  Eph.  4.  26. 
d  Job  27.  13,  14. 
e  Is.  57.  13. 


/Mat.  5.  5. 
*  Or,  practiselh. 


\lleh.  the  upright 
of  way. 


h  Job  38.  15.  Ps. 
10.  15.  Ez.  30. 
21,  &C. 

VOL.    I 


^*  Thou  art  the  God  that  doest  wonders  ; 

Thou  hast  declared  thy  strength  among  the  people. 
1^  Thou  "^hast  with  thine  arm  redeemed  thy  people, 

The  sons  of  Jacob  and  Joseph.     Selah  ! 
^•^  The  'waters  saw  thee,  O  God  ! 

The  waters  saw  thee — they  were  afraid : 

The  depths  also  were  troubled. 
^''  The  clouds  tpoured  out  water : 

The  skies  sent  out  a  sound : 

Thine  ^arrows  also  went  abroad. 
^s  The  voice  of  thy  thunder  was  in  the  heaven  : 

The  lightnings  lightened  the  world : 

The  earth  trembled  and  shook. 
^^  Thy  way  is  in  the  sea, 

And  thy  path  in  the  great  waters. 

And  °  thy  footsteps  are  not  known. 
2°  Thou  "leddest  thy  people  like  a  flock 

By  the  hand  of  Moses  and  Aaron. 

PSALM    XXXVII. 

David  persuadeih  to  patience  and  confidence  in  God,  by  the  different  estate  of  the  godly  and  the  wicked. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Fret  ''not  thyself  because  of  evil  doers, 
Neither  be  thou  envious  against  the  workers  of  iniquity. 

2  For  they  shall  soon  be  cut  down  like  the  grass, 
And  wither  as  the  green  herb. 

3  Trust  in  the  Lord,  and  do  good  ; 

So  shalt  thou  dwell  in  the  land,  and  *verily  thou  shalt  be  fed. 
■^  Delight  thyself  also  in  the  Lord, 

And  he  shall  give  thee  the  desires  of  thy  heart. 
^  fCommit  thy  way  unto  the  Lord, 

Trust  also  in  him,  and  he  shall  bring  it  to  pass. 
^  And  Mie  shall  bring  forth  thy  righteousness  as  the  light, 

And  thy  judgment  as  the  noonday. 

'  IRest  in  the  Lord,  and  wait  patiently  for  him ; 

Fret  not  thyself  because  of  him  who  prospereth  in  his  way, 

Because  of  the  man  who  bringeth  wicked  devices  to  pass. 
s  Cease  from  anger,  and  forsake  wrath  ; 

Fret  ''not  thyself  in  any  wise  to  do  evil. 
^  For  ''evildoers  shall  be  cut  off; 

But  those  that  wait  upon  the  Lord,  they  shall  'inherit  the  earth. 
^°  For  yet  a  little  while,  and  the  wicked  shall  not  be — 

Yea,  thou  shalt  diligently  consider  his  place,  and  it  shall  not  be. 
^^  But  ■'^the  meek  shall  inherit  the  earth  ; 

And  shall  delight  themselves  in  the  abundance  of  peace. 
^^  The  wicked  *plotteth  against  the  just. 

And  gnasheth  upon  him  with  his  teeth. 
^3  The  Lord  shall  laugh  at  him  ; 

For  he  seeth  that  his  day  is  coming. 
"  The  wicked  have  drawn  out  the  sword,  and  have  bent  their  bow, 

To  cast  down  the  poor  and  needy. 

And  to  slay  tsuch  as  be  of  upright  conversation. 
^5  Their  sword  shall  enter  into  their  own  heart. 

And  their  bows  shall  be  broken. 

'^  A  ^little  that  a  righteous  man  hath 

Is  better  than  the  riches  of  many  wicked. 
^■^  For  Hhe  arms  of  the  wicked  shall  be  broken. 

But  the  Lord  upholdeth  the  righteous. 

133  4  k 


id5S 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VIL 


X  Heb.  thepre- 
ciousntss  of 
lambs. 


j  Pr.  3.  33. 


•  Or,  established. 
I  Vs.  34.  19,  20. 

Pr.  24.  16.  Mic. 

7.  e.  2  Co.  4.  9. 


t  Heb.  all  Vu  day 
De.  15.  8,  10. 


nPs.  21.  10.  Pr. 
2.  22.  Is.  14.  20, 
ePr.  2.  21. 

p  Mat.  12.  35. 


gDe.  6.  6.  Is.  51. 
J  Or,  goings. 


r  2  Pe.  2.  9. 
»  Pr.  20.  22. 


*  Oi,  a  green  tree 
tluil  jrrowe:h  in 
Ids  own  soil. 


t  Is.  32.  17.  Si.  57. 
2. 


ul  Ch.5.20.  Da. 
3.  17,  28.  &.  6. 
23. 


^^  The  Lord  knoweth  the  days  of  the  upright, 

And  their  inheritance  shall  be  'for  ever. 
^^  They  shall  not  be  ashamed  in  the  evil  time, 

And  in  the  days  of  famine  they  shall  be  satisfied. 
2°  But  the  wicked  shall  perish, 

And  the  enemies  of  the  Lord  shall  be  as  tthe  fat  of  lambs ; 

They  shall  consume  ;   into  smoke  shall  they  consume  away. 
2^  The  wicked  borroweth,  and  payeth  not  again  ; 

But  the  righteous  showeth  mercy,  and  giveth. 
^  For  ^such  as  be  blessed  of  him  shall  inherit  the  earth, 

And  they  that  be  cursed  of  him  shall  be  cut  off. 

^^  The  *steps  of  a  good  man  are  *ordered  by  the  Lord, 

And  he  delighteth  in  his  way. 
2^  Though  'he  fall,  he  shall  not  be  utterly  cast  down  ; 

For  the  Lord  upholdeth  him  with  his  hand. 
^^  I  have  been  young,  and  now  am  old ; 

Yet  have  I  not  seen  tiie  righteous  forsaken, 

Nor  his  seed  "begging  bread. 
^^  He  is  fever  merciful,  and  lendeth  ; 

And  his  seed  is  blessed. 

^"^  Depart  from  evil,  and  do  good  ; 

And  dwell  for  evermore. 
^®  For  the  Lord  loveth  judgment, 

And  forsaketh  not  his  saints  ; 

They  are  preserved  for  ever ; 

But  "the  .seed  of  the  wicked  shall  be  cut  off. 
^^  The  "righteous  shall  inherit  the  land. 

And  dwell  therein  for  ever. 

2"  The  ^'mouth  of  the  righteous  speaketh  wisdom. 

And  his  tongue  talketh  of  judgment. 
^^  The  'law  of  his  God  is  in  his  heart, 

None  of  his  Isteps  shall  slide. 
^^  The  wicked  watcheth  the  righteous, 

And  seeketh  to  slay  him. 
^^  The  Lord  'will  not  leave  him  in  his  hand, 

Nor  condemn  him  when  he  is  judged. 
''■'  Wait  "on  the  Lord,  and  keep  his  way, 

And  he  shall  exalt  thee  to  inherit  the  land  ; 

When  the  wicked  are  cut  off,  thou  shalt  see  it. 
^^  I  have  seen  the  wicked  in  great  power. 

And  spreading  himself  like  *a  green  bay  tree. 
^*^  Yet  he  passed  away — and,  lo,  he  was  not ! 

Yea,  I  sought  him — but  he  could  not  be  found ! 
^'  Mark  the  perfect  man,  and  behold  the  upright ; 

For  'the  end  of  that  man  is  peace. 
^  But  the  transgressors  shall  be  destroyed  together, 

The  end  of  the  wicked  shall  be  cut  off. 
^^  But  the  salvation  of  the  righteous  is  of  the  Lord, 

He  is  their  strength  in  the  time  of  trouble. 
*°  And  the  Lord  shall  help  them,  and  deliver  them  ; 

He  shall  deliver  them  from  the  wicked, 

And  save  them,  "because  they  trust  in  him. 


Part  IV.] 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


1059 


PSALM  LXVII. 


■a  Nu.  6.  25. 
*  Heb.  Willi  us. 
b  Ac.  18.  25. 
c  Lu.  2.  30,  31. 
Tit.  2.  11. 


t  Heb.  lead. 


PSALM    XHX. 


a  Ps.  78.  2.  Mat. 
13.  35. 


*  Job  31. 24,  25. 
Ps.  52.  7.  Ma. 
10.  24.  1  Ti.  6. 
17. 


c  Mat.  16. 


!  Pr.  11.  4.  Ec.  2. 
18,  21. 


t  Heb.  to  genera- 
tion and  genera- 
tion. 

/Lu.  12.  20. 

J  Heb.  delight  in 
their  mouth. 

fi-F3.47.3.  Da.  7. 
22.  Mai.  4.  3. 
Lu.  2-2.  30.  1  Co. 
6.  2.  Re.  2.  26. 
&  20.  4. 

*  Or,  strength. 
f  Or,  the  grave 

being  a  habitation 
to  every  one  of 
them. 

X  Heb.  hand  of 
the  grave. 

*  Or,  hdl. 


PSALM   LXVII. 

A  prayer  for  the  enlargement  of  God's  kingdom,  3  to  the  joy  of  the  people,  6  and  the  increase  of 

God's  blessings. 

To  the  chief  Musician  on  Neginolh,  A  Psalm  or  Song, 

'  God  be  merciful  unto  us,  and  bless  us  ; 
And  "cause  his  face  to  shine  *upon  us.     Selah ! 

2  That  'thy  way  may  be  known  upon  earth, 
Thy  'saving  health  among  all  nations. 

3  Let  the  people  praise  thee,  O  God ! 
Let  all  the  people  praise  thee  ! 

4  O  let  the  nations  be  glad  and  sing  for  joy  ; 
For  thou  shalt  judge  the  people  righteously, 
And  tgovern  the  nations  upon  earth.     Selah ! 

5  Let  the  people  praise  thee,  O  God  ; 
Let  all  the  people  praise  thee  ! 

6  Then  ''shall  the  earth  yield  her  increase  ; 
And  God,  even  our  own  God,  shall  bless  us. 

■^  God  shall  bless  us. 
And  all  the  ends  of  the  earth  shall  fear  him. 

PSALM  XLIX. 

An  earnest  persuasion  to  build  the  faith  of  resurrection,  not  on  worldly  power,  but  on  God. 

16  Worldly  prosperity  is  not  to  be  admired. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  *for  the  sons  of  Korah. 

1  Hear  this,  all  ye  people  ! 
Give  ear,  all  ye  inhabitants  of  the  world  ; 

2  Both  low  and  high. 
Rich  and  poor,  together ! 

3  My  mouth  shall  speak  of  wisdom, 

And  the  meditation  of  my  heart  shall  be  of  understanding. 

4  I  "will  incline  mine  ear  to  a  parable, 

I  will  open  my  dark  saying  upon  the  harp. 
5  Wherefore  should  I  fear  in  the  days  of  evil, 

When  the  iniquity  of  my  heels  shall  compass  me  about  ? 
6  They  that  Hrust  in  their  wealth. 

And  boast  themselves  in  the  multitude  of  their  riches ; 
■^  None  of  them  can  by  any  means  redeem  his  brother, 

Nor  'give  to  God  a  ransom  for  him, 

8  (For  the  redemption  of  their  soul  is  precious, 
And  it  ceaseth  for  ever,) 

9  That  he  should  still  live  for  ever, 
And  not  see  corruption. 

^^  For  he  seeth  that  ''wise  men  die, 

Likewise  the  fool  and  the  brutish  person  perish, 

And  'leave  their  wealth  to  others. 
"  Their  inward  thought  is,  that  their  houses  shall  continue  for  ever, 

And  their  dwelling-places  tto  all  generations ; 

They  call  their  lands  after  their  own  names. 
^2  Nevertheless  man  being  in  honor  abideth  not ; 

He  is  like  the  beasts  that  perish. 
13  This  their  way  is  their  -^folly, 

Yet  their  posterity  tapprove  their  sayings.     Selah ' 
^*  Like  sheep  they  are  laid  in  the  grave  ; 

Death  shall  feed  on  them  ; 

And  'the  upright  shall  have  dominion  over  them  in  the  morning ; 

And  their  *beauty  shall  consume  tin  the  grave  from  their  dwelling. 
^^  But  God  will  redeem  my  soul  from  the  tpower  of  *the  grave, 

For  he  shall  receive  me.     Selah  ! 


1060 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VH. 


t  Heb.  in  his  life. 
h  De.  29.  19.  Lu. 

12.  19. 
X  Heb.  The  soul 

shall  go. 


^^  Be  not  thou  afraid  when  one  is  made  rich, 

When  the  glory  of  his  house  is  increased  ; 
^^  For  when  he  dieth  he  shall  carry  nothing  away, 

His  glory  shall  not  descend  after  him. 
^^  Though  Twhile  he  lived  ''he  blessed  his  soul ; 

And  men  will  praise  thee,  when  thou  doest  well  to  thyself. 
^^  IHe  shall  go  to  the  generation  of  his  fathers, 

They  shall  never  see  light. 
2"  Man  that  is  in  honor,  and  understandeth  not, 

Is  Mike  the  beasts  that  perish. 


PS.\LM   LIII. 

a  Ps.  10.  4.  &.  14. 
1,  &c. 

i  Ro.  3.  10. 

e  See  Ge.  6.  13. 

dSCh.  15.2.  & 
19.  3.  See  Job 
15.  14,  16. 

•  Heb.  they  feared 
a  fear.  Pr.  28.  1. 
Ps.  14.  5. 


tHeb.  Who  will 
give  salvations, 

tec. 


*  Or, /or  Asaph, 
see  1  Ch.  15. 17. 
&  25.  2.  2  Ch. 
29.30. 


a  Le.  10.  2. 
16.  35.  Ps. 
Da.  7.  10. 

Nu. 
97.3. 

b  De.  4.  26. 

2.  Mic.  (i. 

Is.  1. 
1,2. 

e  De.  33.  3. 
13.3. 

Is. 

d  Ex.  24.  7. 

/Mic.  6.  6.  Ac. 
17.25. 


PSALM   LIII. 

David  describeth  the  com/ption  of  a  natural  man.     4  He  com-inceth  the  wicked  by  the  light  of  their 

own  conscience.     6  He  glorieth  in  the  salvation  of  God. 

To  the  chief  Musician  upon  Mahalath,  Maschil,  A  Psalm  of  Da\'id. 

^  The  "fool  hath  said  in  his  heart,  There  is  no  God. 

Corrupt  are  they,  and  have  done  abominable  iniquity  : 

There  ''is  none  that  doeth  good. 
^  God  'looked  down  from  heaven  upon  the  children  of  men, 

To  see  if  there  were  any  that  did  understand. 

That  did  ''seek  God. 
^  Every  one  of  them  is  gone  back  ; 

They  are  altogether  become  filthy  ; 

There  is  none  that  doeth  good — no,  not  one. 
■*  Have  the  workers  of  iniquity  no  knowledge  ? 

Who  eat  up  my  people  as  they  eat  bread : 

They  have  not  called  upon  God. 
^  There  *were  they  in  great  fear,  where  no  fear  was  ;  [thee : 

For  God  hath  scattered  the  bones  of  him  that  encampeth  against 

Thou  hast  put  them  to  shame,  because  God  hath  despised  them. 
^  fOh  that  the  salvation  of  Israel  were  come  out  of  Zion  ! 

When  God  bringeth  back  the  captivity  of  his  people, 

Jacob  shall  rejoice,  and  Israel  shall  be  glad. 

PSALM  L. 

The  majesty  of  God  in  the  Church.     5  His  order  to  gather  saints.     7  The  pleasure  of  God  is  not  in 

ceremonies,  14  but  in  siyicerilij  of  obedience. 

A  Psalm  *of  Asaph. 

'  The  Mighty  God,  even  the  Lord,  hath  spoken, 

And  called  the  earth 

From  the  rising  of  the  sun  unto  the  going  down  thereof. 
2  Out  of  Zion,  the  perfection  of  beauty, 

God  hath  shined. 
^  Our  God  shall  come,  and  shall  not  keep  silence  ; 

A  "fire  shall  devour  before  him, 

And  it  shall  be  very  tempestuous  round  about  him. 
"*  He  ''shall  call  to  the  heavens  from  above, 

And  to  the  earth,  that  he  may  judge  his  people. 
^  Gather  'my  saints  together  unto  me. 

Those  "that  have  made  a  covenant  with  me  by  sacrifice. 
^  And  the  heavens  shall  declare  his  righteousness  : 

For  God  is  judge  himself.     Selah  ! 

''  Hear,  O  my  people,  and  I  will  speak  ! 

0  Israel,  and  I  will  testify  against  thee ! 

1  'am  God,  even  thy  God. 

^  I  will  not  reprove  thee  for  thy  sacrifices 

Or  thy  burnt  offerings,  to  have  been  continually  before  me. 
^  I  Avilj  take  no  bullock  out  of  thy  house, 

Nor  he  goats  out  of  thy  folds. 


Part  IV.] 


t  Heb.  with  mf. 


g  Ex.  19.  5.  De. 

10.  14.  Job  41. 

11.  Ps.  24.  1. 

1  Co.  10.  26,  28. 

h  Ho.  14.  2.  He. 

]3.  15. 
i  De.  23.  21.  Job 

23.  27.  Ps.  76. 

11.  Ec.  5.4,5. 


k  Ro.  2.  21,  22. 


m  1  Ti.  5.  22. 
*  Heb.  seiidest. 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


1061 


0  Ps.  27.  6.  Ro. 

12.  1. 
p  Gal.  6.  16. 
f  Heb.  disposeth 

his  way. 


I*'  For  every  beast  of  the  forest  is  mine, 
And  the  cattle  upon  a  thousand  hills. 

11  I  know  all  the  fowls  of  the  mountains, 
And  the  wild  beasts  of  the  field  are  tmine. 

12  If  I  were  hungry,  1  would  not  tell  thee  ; 

For  "the  world  is  mine,  and  tlie  fulness  thereof. 

13  Will  I  eat  the  flesh  of  bulls. 
Or  drink  the  blood  of  goats  ? 

1''  Offer  'unto  God  thanksgiving. 

And  'pay  thy  vows  unto  the  Most  High, 
15  And  'call  upon  me  in  the  day  of  trouble  : 

I  will  deliver  thee,  and  thou  shalt  glorify  me. 
1*^  But  unto  the  wicked  God  saith. 

What  hast  thou  to  do  to  declare  my  statutes, 

Or  that  thou  shouldest  take  my  covenant  in  thy  mouth  ? 
1'^  Seeing  Hhou  hatest  instruction, 

And  castest  my  words  behind  thee. 

18  When  thou  sawest  a  thief,  then  thou  'consentedst  with  him, 
And  thast  been  '"partaker  with  adulterers. 

19  Thou  *givest  thy  mouth  to  evil, 
And  thy  tongue  frameth  deceit. 

20  Thou  sittest  and  speakest  against  thy  brother, 
Thou  slanderest  thine  own  mother's  son. 

21  These  things  hast  thou  done,  and  I  kept  silence  ; 
Thou  "though test  that  I  was  altogether  such  an  one  as  thyself; 
But  I  will  reprove  thee,  and  set  them  in  order  before  thine  eyes. 
22  Now  consider  this,  ye  that  forget  God, 

Lest  I  tear  you  in  pieces,  and  there  be  none  to  deliver. 

23  Whoso  "offereth  praise  glorifieth  me  ; 
And  ^to  him  that  tordereth  his  conversation  aright 
Will  I  show  the  salvation  of  God. 


PSALM  X. 


The  psalmist  complaineth  to  God  of  the  outrage  of  th 
— ^f^^^^th  his  c 


he  wicked, 
confidence. 


♦  Heb.  In  the  pride 
of  the.  wicked  he 
dotk  persecute. 

a  Pr.  5.  22. 

f  Heb.  souPs. 

I  Or,  the  covetous 
blesseth  himself, 
he  abhorrelh  the 
LORD.  Pr.  28. 
4.  Ro.  1.  32. 

*  Or,  Ml  his 
thoughts  are. 
There  is  no  Ond. 

6Pr.  24.  l.Is.26. 
11. 

cEc.  8.  11.  Is. 
56.  12. 

d  Re.  18.  7. 

f  Heb.  unto  gen- 
eration and  gen- 
eration. 

e  Ro.  3.  14. 

i  Heb.  deceits. 

*  Or,  iniquity. 

•f  Heb.  hide  them- 
selves. 

J  Heb.  in  the  se- 
cret places. 


12  He  prayeih  for  remedy, 
professeth 

1  Why  standest  thou  afar  off",  O  Lord  ? 
Why  hidest  thou  thyself  in  times  of  trouble  ? 

2  *The  wicked  in  his  pride  doth  persecute  the  poor : 

Let  "them  be  taken  in  the  devices  that  they  have  imagmed. 

3  For  the  wicked  boasteth  of  his  theart's  desire, 

And  tblesseth  the  covetous,  whom  the  Lord  abhorreth. 

4  The  wicked,  through  the  pride  of  his  countenance, 
Will  not  seek  after  God  : 

*God  is  not  in  all  his  thoughts. 

5  His  ways  are  always  grievous, 

Thy  '•judgments  are  far  above  out  of  his  sight : 
As  for  all  his  enemies,  he  pufleth  at  them. 

6  He  'hath  said  in  his  heart,  I  shall  not  be  moved ; 
For  '^I  shall  inever  be  in  adversity. 

■^  His  'mouth  is  full  of  cursing  and  tdeceit  and  fraud. 
Under  his  tongue  is  mischief  and  *  vanity. 

8  He  sitteth  in  the  lurking  places  of  the  villages, 
In  the  secret  places  doth  he  murder  the  innocent. 
His  eyes  tare  privily  set  against  the  poor. 

9  He  lieth  in  wait  tsecretly  as  a  lion  in  his  den  ; 
He  lieth  in  wait  to  catch  the  poor ; 

He  doth  catch  the  poor,  when  he  draweth  him  into  his  net. 

4  k* 


16  He 


1062 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VII. 


*  Ileb.  breaketh 

himseff. 
t  Or,  into  Ai» 

strong  parts. 

/See  Job  22.  13. 


t  Or,  afflicted. 


*  Heb.  dcaveth. 

2  Ti.  1. 1-'.  1  Pe. 

4.  19. 
g  Ps.  68.  5.  Ho. 

14.3. 
A  Job  38.  15.  Ps. 

37.  17. 
i  Ps.  29.  10.  Je. 

10. 10.  La.  5.  19. 

Da.  4.  34.  &.  6. 

26.  1  Ti.  1.  17. 
t  Or,  establish. 


X  Or,  terrifij. 


PSALM  xiir. 


a  See  Job  13.  24. 


^°  He  *croucheth,  and  humbleth  himself, 

That  the  poor  may  fall  fby  his  strong  ones. 
^^  He  hath  said  in  his  heart,  God  hath  forgotten, 

He  -^hideth  his  face,  he  will  never  see  it. 

'2  Arise,  O  Lord  ;  O  God,  lift  up  thy  hand, 

Forget  not  the  thumble. 
^^  Wherefore  doth  the  wicked  contemn  God  ? 

He  hath  said  in  his  heart.  Thou  wilt  not  require  it. 
^'^  Thou  hast  seen  it ; 

For  thou  beholdest  mischief  and  spite,  to  requite  it  with  thy  hand ; 

The  poor  *committcth  himself  unto  thee, 

Thou  'art  the  helper  of  the  fatherless. 
^^  Break  'thou  the  arm  of  the  wicked  and  the  evil  man, 

Seek  out  his  wickedness  till  thou  find  none. 
^^  The  'Lord  is  King  for  ever  and  ever, 

The  heathen  are  perished  out  of  his  land. 
^''  Lord,  thou  hast  heard  the  desire  of  the  humble ; 

Thou  wilt  tprepare  their  heart. 

Thou  wilt  cause  thine  ear  to  hear ; 
^®  To  judge  the  fatherless  and  the  oppressed, 

That  the  man  of  the  earth  may  no  more  toppress. 

PSALM  XIII. 

David  complaineth  of  delay  in  help.     3  He  prayeth  for  preventing  grace.     5  He  boasieth  of  divine 

mercy. 
To  the  *chief  Musician,  A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  How  long  wilt  thou  forget  me,  O  Lord  ? 

For  ever?   "how  long  wilt  thou  hide  thy  face  from  me? 
2  How  long  shall  I  take  counsel  in  my  soul. 

Having  sorrow  in  my  heart  daily  ? 

How  long  shall  mine  enemy  be  e.xalted  over  me  ? 
^  Consider  and  hear  me,  O  Lord  my  God  ; 

Lighten  mine  eyes,  lest  I  sleep  the  sleep  of  death  ; 
^  Lest  mine  enemy  say,  I  have  prevailed  against  him ; 

And  those  that  trouble  me  rejoice  when  I  am  moved. 
^  But  I  have  trusted  in  thy  mercy ; 

My.  heart  shall  rejoice  in  thy  salvation. 
^  I  will  sing  unto  the  Lord, 

Because  he  hath  dealt  bountifully  with  me. 


PSALM  XIV. 


oEx.5.2.  Pa.  10. 

4.  &53.t,  &c. 
iGe.6.  11,  12. 

Ro.  3.  10.  &.C. 

c  P.S.  102.  19. 


t  Heb.  thiry  feared 
a  fear.  Ps.  53.  5. 


PSAL3I  XIV. 

David  describeth  the  com/pfion  of  a  natural  man.     4  He  connnceth  the  wicked  by  the  liglU  of  thetr 

conscience.     7  He  glorieth  in  the  salvation  of  God. 

To  the  chief  ]Musiciaii,  A  Psalm  of  Da\-id. 

^  The  "fool  hath  said  in  his  heart,  There  is  no  God. 

They  ''are  corrupt,  they  have  done  abominable  works, 

There  is  none  that  doeth  good. 
^  The  XoRD  looked  down  from  heaven 

Upon  the  children  of  men, 

To  see  if  there  were  any  that  did  understand, 

And  seek  God. 
3  They  "are  all  gone  aside, 

They  are  all  together  become  *filthy ; 

There  is  none  that  doeth  good — no,  not  one. 

''  Have  all  the  workers  of  iniquity  no  knowledge  ? 

Who  eat  up  my  people  as  they  eat  bread, 

And  call  not  upon  the  Lord. 

There  twerc  they  in  great  fear, 

For  God  is  in  the  generation  of  the  righteous. 


Part  IV.] 


c  Ps.  9.  9.  &  142. 

5. 
J  Heb.  jno  will 

trive,  ^'c.  See 

Ro.  11.26. 

/Job  42.  10.  Ps. 
126.  1. 


PSALM  XV. 


♦  Heb   sojourn. 

aU.  33.  15. 

b  Zee.  8.  16.  Eph. 

4.25. 
c  Le.  19.  16.  Ps. 

34.  13. 
f  Or,  rrceineth, 

or,  enduretli.  Ex. 

23.  1. 

rfEst.3.  2. 
eJu.  11.35. 
/Ex.  22.25.  Le. 

25.  36.  De.  23. 

19.  Ez.  18.  8.  & 

22.  12. 
g  Ex.  23.  8.  De. 

16.  19. 
ft  Ps.  16.  8.  2  Pe. 

1.  10. 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 

6  Ye  have  shamed  the  counsel  of  the  poor, 

Because  the  Lord  is  his  'refuge. 
■^  tOh  that  the  salvation  of  Israel  were  come  out  of  Zion ! 

When  ^the  Lord  bringeth  back  the  captivity  of  his  people, 

Jacob  shall  rejoice,  and  Israel  shall  be  glad. 

PSALM  XV. 

David  describeth  a  citizen  of  Zion. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Lord,  who  shall  *abide  in  thy  tabernacle  ? 
Who  shall  dwell  in  thy  holy  hill  ? 

2  He  "that  walketh  uprightly,  and  worketh  righteousness, 
And  'speaketh  the  truth  in  his  heart. 

3  He  'that  backbiteth  not  with  his  tongue. 

Nor  doeth  evil  to  his  neighbour. 

Nor  ttaketh  up  a  reproach  against  his  neighbour. 
^  In  ''whose  eyes  a  vile  person  is  contemned, 

But  he  honoreth  them  that  fear  the  Lord. 

He  that  'sweareth  to  his  own  hurt,  and  changeth  not. 
5  He  ^that  putteth  not  out  his  money  to  usury, 

Nor  ^taketh  reward  against  the  innocent. 

He  that  doeth  these  things  ''shall  never  be  moved. 


1063 


PSALM  XXV. 


a  Ps.  22.  5. 
Ro.  10.  11. 


*  Heb.  t.ky  bowels. 
Ps.  103.  17.  Is. 
63.  15.  Je.  33. 
11. 


c  See  Ro.  5.  20. 


rf  Pr.  19.  23. 

t  Heb.  lodge  in 
goodness. 

e  Pr.  3.  32.  See 
Jo.  7.  17.  &.  15. 
15. 

J  Or,  .^nd  his  co- 
venant to  make 
them  know  it. 

*  Heb.  bring 
forth. 


PSALM  XXV. 

David's  conjidence  in  prayer.     7  He  prayetlifor  remission  of  sins,  16  and  for  help  in  affliction. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  Unto  thee,  O  Lord,  do  I  lift  up  my  soul ! 

2  O  my  God,  I  "trust  in  thee  ; 
Let  me  not  be  ashamed, 

Let  not  mine  enemies  triumph  over  me. 

3  Yea,  let  none  that  wait  on  thee  be  ashamed  ; 

Let  them  be  ashamed  which  transgress  without  cause. 
*  Show  'me  thy  ways,  O  Lord  ; 
Teach  me  thy  paths. 

5  Lead  me  in  thy  truth,  and  teach  me  ; 
For  thou  art  the  God  of  my  salvation ; 
On  thee  do  I  wait  all  the  day. 

6  Remember,  O  Lord,  *thy  tender  mercies  and  thy  lovingkmdnesses  ; 
For  they  have  been  ever  of  old. 

■5'  Remember  not  the  sins  of  my  youth,  nor  my  transgressions : 

According  to  thy  mercy  remember  thou  me 

For  thy  goodness'  sake,  O  Lord  ! 
^  Good  and  upright  is  the  Lord, 

Therefore  will  he  teach  sinners  in  the  way. 
^  The  meek  will  he  guide  in  judgment, 

And  the  meek  will  he  teach  his  way. 
1°  All  the  paths  of  the  Lord  are  mercy  and  truth 

Unto  such  as  keep  his  covenant  and  his  testimonies. 
"  For  thy  name's  sake,  O  Lord,  pardon  mine  iniquity  ; 

For  "it  is  great. 

12  What  man  is  he  that  feareth  the  Lord  ? 

Him  shall  he  teach  in  the  way  that  he  shall  choose. 

13  His  ''soul  shall  tdwell  at  ease, 

And  his  seed  shall  inherit  the  earth. 
1''  The  'secret  of  the  Lord  is  with  them  that  fear  him, 
tAnd  he  will  show  them  his  covenant. 

1^  Mine  eyes  are  ever  toward  the  Lord, 
For  he  shall  *pluck  my  feet  out  of  the  net. 


1064 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VII. 


t  Heb.  hatred  of 


^^  Turn  thee  unto  me,  and  have  mercy  upon  me ; 

For  I  am  desolate  and  afflicted. 
^'  The  troubles  of  my  heart  are  enlarged, 

O  bring  thou  me  out  of  my  distresses. 
^^  Look  upon  mine  affliction  and  my  pain, 

And  forgive  all  my  sins. 
^^  Consider  mine  enemies,  for  they  are  many  ; 

And  they  hate  me  with  tcruel  hatred. 
2"  O  keep  my  soul,  and  deliver  me  : 

Let  me  not  be  ashamed,  for  I  put  my  trust  in  thee. 
2^  Let  integrity  and  uprightness  preserve  me, 

For  I  wait  on  thee. 
22  Redeem  Israel,  O  God ! 

Out  of  all  his  troubles. 


PS.\LM    XXVI. 


b  Pr.  29.  25. 
e  Zee.  13.  9. 


t  See  Ex.  30.  19, 
20.  Ps.  73.  13. 
1  Ti.  2.  8. 


*Heb.  qf  the  tab- 
ernacle oft/line 
honor. 

t  Or,  Take  not 
away. 

1  Heb.  mm  of 
bljiid. 

*  Heb.  fiUrd  witlt. 
Ex.  23.  8.  De. 
Iti.  19.  I  Sa.  8. 
3.  Is.  33.  15. 


PSAL.M  XXVII. 


a  Ps.  62.  2,  6. 

Is.  12.  2. 
*  Heb.  approached 

againat  me. 


PSALM  XXVI. 

David  resorteth  unto  God  in  confidence  of  his  integrity. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

^  Judge  me,  O  Lord, 

For  I  have  "walked  in  mine  integrity  ; 

I  'have  trusted  also  in  the  Lord,  therefore  I  shall  not  slide. 
2  Examine  'me,  O  Lord,  and  prove  me ; 

Try  my  reins  and  my  heart. 

^  For  thy  lovingkindness  is  before  mine  eyes, 

And  ''I  have  walked  in  thy  truth. 
^  I  have  not  sat  with  vain  persons, 

Neither  will  I  go  in  with  dissemblers. 
^  I  have  hated  the  congregation  of  evil  doers. 

And  will  not  sit  with  the  wicked. 
^  I  'will  wash  my  hands  in  innocency : 

So  will  I  compass  thine  altar,  O  Lord  ! 
'  That  I  may  publish  with  the  voice  of  thanksgiving, 

And  tell  of  all  thy  wondrous  works. 
^  Lord,  I  have  loved  the  habitation  of  thy  house. 

And  the  place  *  where  thine  honor  dwelleth. 
^  tGather  not  my  soul  with  sinners. 

Nor  my  life  with  tbioody  men  ; 
^°  In  whose  hands  is  mischief, 

And  their  right  hand  is  *full  of  bribes. 
11  But  as  for  me,  I  will  walk  in  mine  integrity  : 

Redeem  me,  and  be  merciful  unto  me. 
1-  My  foot  standeth  in  an  even  place. 

In  the  congregations  will  I  bless  the  Lord. 

PSALM  XXVIL 

Uarid  suslaineth  his  faith  bij  the  power  of  God,  4  by  his  love  to  the  senice  of  God,  9  by  praijer. 
A  Psalm  of  David. 

1  The  Lord  is  my  light  and  my  salvation — whom  shall  I  fear  ? 
The  "Lord  is  the  strength  of  my  life — of  whom  shall  I  be  afraid  ? 

2  When  the  wicked  (even  mine  enemies  and  my  foes)  *came  upon 

me  to  eat  up  my  flesh. 
They  stumbled  and  fell. 

3  Though  a  host  should  encamp  against  me. 
My  heart  shall  not  fear  ; 

Though  war  should  rise  against  me, 
In  this  will  I  be  confident. 
"^  One  thing  have  I  desired  of  the  Lord, 
That  will  I  seek  after ; 


Part  IV.] 

iPs.  65.4.  Lu.  2. 
37. 
t  Or,  £/ic  dcJighU 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY. 


1065 


J  Heb.  shouting. 


*  Or,  My  heart 
said  untu  thne, 
Let  my  fare  seek 
thy  face,  ^r. 


I  Heb.  will  gatlier 
me.  Is.  40.  11. 


X  Heb.  a  way  of 

phimness.  Ps.26. 

12. 
*  Hob.  those  which 

observe  me.  Ps. 

5.  8.  &  .54.  5. 
c  1  Sa.  22.  9. 

2  Sa.  lb.  7,  8. 

Ps.  35.  U. 
d  Ac.  9.  1. 


PS.   XXXVI. 


*  Heb.  To  find 
hii  iniquity  to 


t  Or,  vanity. 


J  Heb.  the  mnun- 

taiii.^  of  God. 
c  Job  U.S.  Ps. 

77.  19.  Ro.  11. 

33. 
<iJob7.  20.  Ps. 

145.  9.    1  Ti.  4. 

10. 
*  Heb.  precious. 
«Ru.2.  12.  Ps. 

17.  8. 
t  Heb.  watered. 


That  I  may  Mwell  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  all  the  days  of  my  life, 

To  behold  tthe  beauty  o\   the  Lord, 

And  to  inquire  in  his  temple. 

For  in  the  time  of  troublt  he  shall  hide  me  in  his  pavilion  ; 

In  the  secret  of  his  tabernacle  shall  he  hide  me ; 

He  shall  set  me  up  upon  a  rock. 

And  now  shall  my  head  be  lifted  up  above  mine  enemies  round 

about  me  ; 
Therefore  will  I  ofter  in  his  tabernacle  sacrifices  of  tjoy ; 
I  will  sing,  yea,  I  will  sing  praises  unto  the  Lord. 

'''  Hear,  O  Lord,  when  I  cry  with  my  voice ; 
Have  mercy  also  upon  me,  and  answer  me. 
*When  thou  saidst,  "Seek  ye  my  face  ;  " 
My  heart  said  unto  thee,  Thy  face,  Lord,  will  I  seek. 
Hide  not  thy  face  far  from  me. 
Put  not  thy  servant  away  in  anger  ; 
Thou  hast  been  my  help ;  leave  me  not, 
Neither  forsake  me,  O  God  of  my  salvation  1 
When  my  father  and  my  mother  forsake  me, 
Then  the  Lord  twill  take  me  up. 
Teach  me  thy  way,  O  Lord  ! 

And  lead  me  in  ta  plain  path,  because  of  *mine  enemies. 
Deliver  me  not  over  unto  the  will  of  mine  enemies; 
For  Talse  witnesses  are  risen  up  against  me, 
And  such  as  ''breathe  out  cruelty. 

^^  I  had  fainted,  unless  I  had  believed  to  see  the  goodness  of  the 
In  the  land  of  the  living.  [Lord 

^*  Wait  'on  the  Lord  ! 

Be  of  good  courage,  and  he  shall  strengthen  thy  heart ; 
Wait,  I  say,  on  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM  XXXVI. 

The  grievous  estate  of  the  wicked.     5  The  excellency  of  God's  mercy.     10  David  prayeth  for  favor 

to  God's  children. 

To  the  chief  Musician,,  A  Psalm  of  David  the  servant  of  the  Lord. 

^  The  transgression  of  the  wicked  saith  within  my  heart. 

That  "there  is  no  fear  of  God  before  his  eyes. 
^  For  he  flattereth  himself  in  his  own  eyes, 

*Until  his  iniquity  be  found  to  be  hateful. 
^  The  words  of  his  mouth  are  iniquity  and  deceit ; 

He  hath  left  off  to  be  wise,  and  to  do  good. 
■*  He  Meviseth  tmischief  upon  his  bed  ; 

He  setteth  himself  in  a  way  that  is  not  good  ; 

He  abhorreth  not  evil. 

^  Thy  mercy,  O  Lord  !  is  in  the  heavens ; 

And  thy  faithfulness  reacheth  unto  the  clouds. 
^  Thy  righteousness  is  like  tthe  great  mountains  ; 

Thy  "judgments  are  a  great  deep  ; 

O  Lord,  ''thou  preservest  man  and  beast. 
■^  How  *excellent  is  thy  lovingkindness,  O  God  ! 

Therefore  the  children  of  men  'put  their  trust  under  the  shadow  of 
thy  wings. 
^  They  shall  be  fabundantly  satisfied 

With  the  fatness  of  thy  house  : 

And  thou  shalt  make  them  drink 

Of  ^the  river  of  thy  pleasures. 
^  For  "with  thee  is  the  fountain  of  life, 

In  ''thv  light  shall  we  see  light. 
134 


1066 


PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.     [Period  VIL 


^°  O  tcontinue  thy  lovingkindness  unto  them  that  know  thee, 
And  thy  righteousness  to  the  upright  in  heart. 
Let  not  the  foot  of  pride  come  against  me, 
And  let  not  the  hand  of  the  wicked  remove  me. 

^~  There  are  the  workers  of  iniquity  fallen  ; 
They  are  cast  down,  and  shall  not  be  able  to  rise. 


•  Oi,  A  Paalm  for 
Ethan  the  Ezra- 
kite,  to  give  in- 
struction. 

t  1  Ki.  4.31. 
1  Ch.  2.  6. 

J  Heb.  to  genera- 
tion and  genera- 
tion :  SO  ver.  4. 
¥4.  119.  90. 

a  1  Ki.  8.  16.  Is. 
42.  I. 

J2Sa.  7.  11,  &c. 
1  Ch.  17.  10,&,c. 
See  Je.  30.  9. 
Ez.  34.  23.  Ho. 
3.5. 

e  Lu.  1.32,33. 

d  Ps.  19.  1.  At  97. 
6.  Re.  7.  10-12. 


er.x.  1.5.  Il.lSa. 
2.  2.  Ps.  35.  10. 


'"See  Job  38.  11. 


g  Ex.  14.  26-28. 
Ps.  87.  4.  Is. 

.30.  7.  &  51.  9. 
*  Or,  E:r,ipt. 
t  Heb.  with  the 

arm  of  thy 

strength. 
ASeeGe.  1.  1. 


t  Or,  our  shield 
is  of  the  LORD, 
and  our  king  is 
of  he  Hilly  One 
ofhracl,  Ps.  47. 
9. 

J  1  Ki.  11.34. 
ISa.  16.  1,  12. 


PSALM    LXXXIX. 

The  psalmist  praisetli  God  for  his  covenant,  5  for  his  wonderful  power,  15  for  the  care  of  hit 
Church,  in  for  his  favor  to  the  kingdom  of  David.  38  Then,  complaining  of  contrary  events, 
46  he  expostulateth,  prayeth,  and  blesselh  God. 

*Masoliil  of  tEtlian  the  Ezrahite. 

^  I  will  sing  of  the  mercies  of  the  Lord  for  ever, 
With  my  mouth  will  I  make  known  thy  faithfulness  Ito  all  generations. 
-  For  I  have  said,  "  Mercy  shall  be  built  up  for  ever ; 

Thy  faithfulness  shall  thou  establish  in  the  very  heavens." 
^  I  "have  made  a  covenant  with  my  chosen, 

I  have  'sworn  unto  David  my  servant, 
^  Thy  seed  will  I  establish  for  ever. 
And  build  up  thy  throne  ^to  all  generations.     Selah  ! 

^  And  ''the  heavens  shall  praise  thy  wonders,  O  Lord  ! 
Thy  faithfulness  also  in  the  congregation  of  the  saints. 
^  For  who  in  the  heaven  can  be  compared  unto  the  Lord  ? 

Who  among  the  sons  of  the  mighty  can  be  likened  unto  the  Lord  ? 
"^  God  is  greatly  to  be  feared  in  the  assembly  of  the  saints, 

And  to  be  had  in  reverence  of  all  them  that  are  about  him. 
®  O  Lord  God  of  hosts,  who  is  a  strong  Lord  'like  unto  thee  ? 

Or  to  thy  faithfulness  round  about  thee  ? 
^  Thou  -^rulest  the  raging  of  the  sea ; 

When  the  waves  thereof  ari.se,  thou  stillest  them. 
^^  Thou  '^hast  broken  *Rahab  in  pieces,  as  one  that  is  slain  ; 

Thou  hast  scattered  thine  enemies  +with  thy  strong  arm. 
^^  The  ''heavens  are  thine,  the  earth  also  is  thine  ; 

As  for  the  world  and  the  fulness  thereof,  thou  hast  founded  them. 
^^  The  north  and  the  south  thou  hast  created  them  ; 

Tabor  and  Hermon  shall  rejoice  in  thy  name. 
^^  Thou  hast  ta  mighty  arm  ; 

Strong  is  thy  hand,  and  higli  is  thy  right  hand. 
^■*  Justice  and  judgment  are  the  'habitation  of  thy  throne; 
Mercy  and  truth  shall  go  before  thy  face. 

^^  Blessed  is  the  people  that  know  the  joyful  sound  ; 
They  shall  walk,  O  Lord  !  in  the  light  of  thy  countenance. 
'^  In  thy  name  shall  they  rejoice  all  the  day  ; 

And  in  thy  righteousness  shall  they  be  exalted. 
^■^  For  thou  art  the  glory  of  their  strength  ; 

And  in  thy  favor  our  horn  shall  be  exalted. 
^^  For  tthe  Lord  is  our  defence, 

And  the  Holy  One  of  Israel  is  our  king. 

'^  Then  thou  spakest  in  vision  to  thy  holy  one,  and  saidst, 
"  I  have  laid  help  upon  one  that  is  mighty, 
I  have  exalted  one  'chosen  out  of  the  people. 
^°  I  ^liave  found  David  my  servant, 

With  my  holy  oil  have  I  anointed  him  ; 
-^  With  whom  my  hand  shall  be  established  : 

Mine  arm  also  shall  strengthen  him. 
^  The  enemy  shall  not  exact  upon  him. 
Nor  the  son  of  wickedness  afflict  him. 


k  2  Sa.  7.  14. 
1  Ch.  22.  10. 
I  2  Sa.  *3.  47. 


17. 

;De.  11.21. 
r  2  Sa.  7.  14. 
sPs.  119.53.  Je. 

9   13. 


Part  IV.]  PSALMS  WRITTEN  DURING  THE  CAPTIVITY.  1067 

"3  And  I  will  beat  down  his  foes  before  his  face, 

And  plague  them  that  hate  him. 
2^  But  my  faithfiihiess  and  my  mercy  shall  be  with  him, 

And  in  my  name  shall  his  horn  be  exalted. 
25  I  will  set  his  liand  also  in  the  sea, 
And  his  right  hand  in  the  rivers. 
-'^  He  shall  cry  unto  me,  Thou  art  *my  father, 
My  God,  and  'the  rock  of  my  salvation. 
niPe.2. 7.  Col.     27  ^jgQ  J  ^^iH  make  him  "my  firstborn, 
„Vu%4^.'7.  Higher  "than  the  kings  of  the  earth. 

c  Is.  55. 3.  28  My  "mercy  will  I  keep  for  him  for  evermore, 

And  my  covenant  shall  stand  fast  with  him. 
29  His  seed  also  will  I  make  to  endure  for  ever, 
li.  9. 7.  Je.  33.       And  ^his  throne  'as  the  days  of  heaven. 
^^  If  liis  children  "forsake  my  law, 
And  walk  not  in  my  judgments  ; 
If  they  tbreak  my  statutes, 
t  Heb.  profane  And  kccp  uot  my  commandments  ; 

t2 saTit        ^^  Then  'will  I  visit  their  transgression  with  the  rod, 
lici.  11.31.  And  their  iniquity  with  stripes. 

u  2  Sa.  7. 13.       33  Nevertheless  "my  lovingkindness  *will  I  not  utterly  take  from  him, 
^^utvoSrZ'        Nor  suffer  my  faithfulness  fto  fail. 
him.  34  ]y[y  covenant  will  I  not  break, 

t  Heb.  to  he.  ^^^  ^j^^^  ^j^^  ^j^.^^^  ^1^^^   jg  g^^g  ^^^  ^^   ^y   jjpg^ 

V  Am.  4. 2.         35  Qncc  havc  I  sworn  "by  my  holiness 
i  Heb.  If  I  lie.  tThat  I  will  not  lie  unto  David. 

"-jas^a.^T^.  16^ Lu.  36  jjjg  '"seed  shall  endure  for  ever, 
X  Vs.  72.°5, 17.  And  his  throne  ""as  the  sun  before  me. 

Je.  33. 20.          37  j^  ^j^^^jj  j^^  established  for  ever  as  the  moon. 

And  as  a  faithful  witness  in  heaven.     Selah  ! " 
j/i  ch.28.9.  38  gut  ti^Qu  i^j^gt  ^east  off  and  ""abhorred, 

z  De.  32. 19.  rpj^^^  ^^^^  j^^^j^  wroth  with  thine  anointed. 

39  Thou  hast  made  void  the  covenant  of  thy  servant, 
a  La.  5. 16.  Thou  "hast  piofancd  his  crown  by  casting  it  to  the  ground. 

'*°  Thou  hast  broken  down  all  his  hedges. 

Thou  hast  brought  his  strong-holds  to  ruin. 
^1  All  that  pass  by  the  way  spoil  him, 
He  is  a  reproach  to  his  neighbours. 
^^  Thou  hast  set  up  the  right  hand  of  his  adversaries, 

Thou  hast  made  all  his  enemies  to  rejoice. 
^^  Thou  hast  also  turned  the  edge  of  his  sword, 
And  hast  not  made  him  to  stand  in  the  battle. 
*Heh.  brightness.  44  fhou  hast  made  his  *glory  to  cease, 

And  cast  his  throne  down  to  the  ground. 
4^  The  days  of  his  youth  hast  thou  shortened, 
Thou  hast  covered  him  with  shame.     Selah ! 

*^  How  long,  Lord  ?  wilt  thou  hide  thyself  for  ever  ? 
Shall  thy  wrath  burn  like  fire  ? 
'*'''  Remember  how  short  my  time  is ; 

Wherefore  hast  thou  made  all  men  in  vain  ? 
b  He.  11. 5.         48  What  man  is  he  that  liveth,  and  shall  not  'see  death  ? 

Shall  he  deliver  his  soul  from  the  hand  of  the  grave  ?     Selah ! 
''^  Lord,  where  are  thy  former  lovingkindnesses, 
=  2.sa.  7. 15.  u.        Which  thou  'swarest  unto  David  in  thy  truth  ? 
^^  Remember,  Lord,  the  reproach  of  thy  servants; 

How   I   do   bear   in  my    bosom   the   reproach   of   all   the   mighty 
people  ; 


55.3. 


}jG8  psalms  written  during  the  captivity.     [Period  Vlf. 

51  Wherewith  thine  enemies  have  reproached,  O  Lord  ; 

Wherewith  tliey  have  reproached  the  footsteps  of  thine  anointed. 
5^  Blessed  be  the  Lord  for  evermore  1 

Amen,  and  Amen. 

PSALlTxCH.  PSALM   XCIl. 

The  prophet  exhortelh  to  praise  God,  4  for  his  great  works,  G  for  hisjudgmejits  on  the  wicked,  10 

and  for  his  goodness  to  the  godhj. 
A  Psalm  or  Song  for  the  Sabbulh  day. 

'  It  is  a  good  thing  to  give  thanks  unto  the  Lord, 
And  to  sing  praises  unto  thy  name,  O  Most  High  ! 

2  To  show  forth  thy  lovingkindness  in  the  morning, 
*Jilto'"'*^  And  thy  faithfuhiess  *every  night, 

3  Upon  an  instrument  of  ten  strings,  and  upon  the  psaltery  ; 
^  Or,  solemn  sound       Upou  the  fharp  with  ta  solemn  sound. 

.a>u,.narp.        ^  ^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^  1^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^^  ^j^^  through  thy  work  ; 

I  will  triumph  in  the  works  of  thy  hands. 
aSeeGe.  1.1.  5  Q  ''LoRD,  how  great  are  thy  works  ! 

*i8.^.29.Ro.         And  Hhy  thoughts  are  very  deep, 
c  See  Job  11. 12.     ^  A  'brutish  man  knoweth  not. 

Neither  doth  a  fool  understand  this, 
d  See  Job  12. 6.      7  Whcu  "the  wickcd  spring  as  the  grass. 

And  when  all  the  workers  of  iniquity  do  flourish ; 
It  is  that  they  shall  be  destroyed  for  ever : 
8  But  thou,  Lord,  art  most  high  for  evermore. 
^  For,  lo !  thine  enemies,  O  Lord, 
For,  lo !   thine  enemies  shall  perish  ; 
All  the  workers  of  iniquity  shall  be  scattered. 
"  But  my  horn  shalt  thou  exalt  like  the  horn  of  a  unicorn, 

I  shall  be  anointed  with  fresh  oil. 
11  Mine  eye  also  shall  see  my  desire  on  mine  enemies. 

And   mine  ears   shall   hear   my  desire   of  the  wicked  that  rise  up 
against  me. 
e  Ps.  52. 8.  Is.  65.  12  ^he  'rightcous  shall  flourish  like  the  palm  tree, 

22.  Ho.  14.5,6.       jj^  ^^^j^  ^^.^^^  jjj^g  ^  ^g^^j.  -j^  Lebanon. 

13  Those  that  be  planted  in  the  house  of  the  Lord 
Shall  flourish  in  the  courts  of  our  God. 

11  They  shall  still  bring  forth  fruit  in  old  age, 
*  Heh.^een.  They  shall  be  fat  and  *flourishing, 

15  To  show  that  the  Lord  is  upright : 
/See  Job  8. 3.  Hc  "^is  my  rock,  and  there  is  no  unrighteousness  in  him. 

PSALM  xcin. 

The  majesty,  power,  and  holiness  of  Christ's  kingdom. 

a  u  52. 7.  Re.  1  Tlic  "LoRD  rcigncth,  ^he  is  clothed  with  majesty  ; 

'*'■  ^'       „   o        The  Lord  is  clothed  with  strength  wherewith  he  hath  girded  him- 

6  I'a.  45.  6.  Pr.  8. 

2-2,  &c.  sell  ; 

The  world  also  is  established,  that  it  cannot  be  moved. 
*Heb.  from  then.     2  '■f|)y  throuc  is  established  *of  old  ; 

Thou  art  from  everlasting. 
3  The  floods  have  lifted  up,  O  Lord  ! 

The  floods  have  lifted  up  their  voice  ; 

The  floods  lift  up  their  waves. 

c  See  Job  38.  II.       4  The  'LoRD  OU   high 

Is  mightier  than  the  noise  of  many  waters. 
Yea,  than  the  mighty  waves  of  the  sea. 
5  'f  |,y  testimonies  are  very  sure  ; 
'.J^da'"''"^'*         Holiness  becometh  thy  house,  O  Lord,  tfor  ever. 


I'SAL.M  xcni. 


Part  IV.] 


BELSHAZZAR'S  FEAST. 


1069 


a  Ps.  121.  1.  & 

J41.  8. 
6PS.-3.  A.  &.  11. 

4.  &  115.3. 


e  Ac.  17.  21,  3-3. 
&  26.  24.  1  Co. 
4.  12,  13. 


SECT.   XVI. 


\.  M.   34G5. 
B.  C.  539. 


PSALM  CXXIII.CS^) 

llie  godlij  profess  their  conjidence  in  God,  3  and  pray  to  be  delivered  from  contempt. 
A  Song  of  Degrees. 

^  Unto  Thee  "lift  I  up  mine  eyes, 

O  Tliou  Hhat  dwellest  in  the  heavens  ! 
^  Behold,  as  the  eyes  of  servants  look  unto  the  hand  of  their  masters, 

And  as  the  eyes  of  a  maiden  unto  the  hand  of  her  mistress  ; 

So  our  eyes  wait  upon  the  Lord  our  God, 

Until  that  he  have  mercy  upon  us. 
3  Have  mercy  upon  us,  O  Lord,  have  mercy  upon  us  ; 

For  we  are  exceedingly  filled  with  contempt, 
■*  Our  soul  is  exceedingly  filled 

With  'the  scorning  of  those  that  are  at  ease, 

And  with  the  contempt  of  the  proud. 

Section    XVI. — Bchhazzm-'s  Feast. 
Daniel  v.  (^s) 
Belshazzar's  impious  feast.     5  A  handwriting,  unknown  to  the  magicians,  troubleth  the  king.    10  At 
the  commendation  of  the  qw.en  Daniel  is  brought.     17  Hi,  reproring  the  kin^  of  pride  and  idol- 
atry, 25  readeth  and  interpreteUi  the  writing.     30  The  monarchy  is  translated  to  the  Medes. 


(^^)  Psalm  cxxiii.  is  reckoned  likewise  by  Calmet,  certain.  This  uncertainty  arises  from  the  difficulty 
Home,  and  Gray,  among  those  whidi  were  com-  of  ascertaining  the  succession  of  the  kings  of  Baby- 
posed  durino-  the  captivity,  or  one  of  the  principal  Ion,  between  the  death  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  and  the 
distresses  of  the  Church.  accession  of  Cyrus  to  the  Babylonian  empire,  after 

(W)  The  fifth  chapter  of  Daniel  is  inserted  here  the  death  of  Darius.    The  extreme  confusion  which 

as  in  its  proper  historical  place  :  but  who  the  Bel-  prevails  among  the  historians  of  this  period,  may  be 

shazzar  of  Daniel  was,  and  the  time  of  his  death,  seen  from  the  following  table  : — 
has  given  rise  to  much  conjecture,  and  both  are  un- 

SUCCESSION   OF  THE  KINGS  OF   BABYLON, 


ACCORDING     TO 


JOSEPHUS. 

Nebuchadnezzar  reigned 43  years. 

Evil-Merodach 18 

Niglissar 4G 

Laborosoarchod 9  months. 

Belshazzar,  or  Naboandelus 17  years. 

Darius,  or  Cyrus. 

But  in  his  treatise  against  Apion,  Josephus  as- 
signs two  years  only  to  Evil-Merodach,  and  four  to 
Niglissar. 

JOSEPH    SCALIGER. 

Nebuchadnezzar  reigned 44  years. 

Evil-Merodach 2 

Balthasar,  or  Belshazzar 5 

Nabonadius,  or  Darius  the  Mede 17 

Vide  Sir  Walter  Raleigh's  History  of  the  World, 
book  iii.  chap.  i.  sect.  4. 


PRIDEAUX. 

Nebuchadnezzar  reigned 4.5  years. 

Evil-Merodach 1 

Neriglassar 3 

Laborosoarchod 9  months. 

Nabonadius,  Belshazzar 17  years. 

Darius,  Cyrus. 

LIQHTFOOT. 

Nebuchadnezzar  reigned 45  years. 

Evil-Merodach 23 

Belshazzar 3 

Darius  and  Cyrus. 

After  examining  the  several  hypotheses  here  in- 
serted, I  cannot  but  think  that  the  system  proposed 
by  Lightfoot  is   the  most  consistent  and  the  most 
conformable  with  Scripture. 
VOL.  I. 


CANON    OF     PTOLEMY. 

Nabopolassar,  or  Nebuchadnezzar,) ^3  veara 

reigned ^  •  •  •  • 

II varodam ,  or  Evil-Merodach 3 

Nericolassar,   Neriglassar,  or  Belshazzar. .   5 

Nabonadius 17 

Cyrus. 

DR.    HALES. 

Nebuchadnezzar  reigned 44  years. 

Evil-Merodach 3 

Belshazzar 5 

Darius  the  Mede 2 

Cyrus 22 


f  reigned  during  part  of  Nebuchad- 
nezzar's  life. 


SIR    WALTER     RALEIGH, 

Nebuchadnezzar  reigned 44  years. 

Evil-Merodach. 

Niglissar , 

Nilocus 3 

Evil-Merodach  reigned  altogether 26  years. 

Balthasar,  or  Belshazzar 17 

Darius,  Cyrus. 

SCRIPTURE, 

(Which  mentions  three  only,) 

Nebuchadnezzar, 
Evil-Merodach, 
Belshazzar ; 

The  duration  of  these  reigns  is  given  variously 
by  commentators. 

Three  facts  seem  to  he  implied  in  the  book  of 
Daniel ;  first,  that  Belshazzar  was  of  the  family  of 
Nebuchadnezzar  ;  for  he  is  repeatedly  called  his 
son,  and  Nebuchadnezzar  is  said  to  be  his  father, 

4l 


1070 


BELSHAZZAR'S  FEAST. 


[Period  VII. 


a  Jc.  52.  19. 
*  Or,  graiid- 

fallier :  as  Je.  27. 

7.  -2  Sa.  9.  7. 

2  Ch.  15.  16. 

ver.  11,  13. 
t  Chald.  brought 

fortlt. 


^  Belshazzar  the  king  made  a  great  feast  to  a  thousand  of  his  lords, 
and  drank  wine  before  the  thousand.  -Belshazzar,  while  he  tasted  the 
wine,  commanded  to  bring  the  golden  and  silver  vessels  "which  his 
*father  Nebuciiadnezzar  had  ttakeii  out  of  the  temple  which  was  in 
Jerusalem  ;  that  the  king,  and  his  princes,  his  wives,  and  his  concu- 
bines, might  drink  therein.  ^Then  they  brought  the  golden  vessels  that 
were  taken  out  of  the  temple  of  the  house  of  God  which  was  at  Jeru- 
salem ;  and  the  king,  and  his  princes,  his  wives,  and  his  concubines, 
drank  in  thein.  '  They  drank  wine,  and  ''praised  the  gods  of  gold,  and 
of  silver,  of  brass,  of  iron,  of  wood,  and  of  stone. 


(see  Dan.  v.  18) ;  and  in  2  Chron.  xxxvi.  20,  it  is 
said,  that  the  captive  Jews  should  continue  the  ser- 
vants of  Nebuciiadnezzar  and  "  his  sons,  until  the 
reign  of  the  kingdom  of  Persia."  Again,  Jeremiah 
(xxvii  7,)  prophesies  that  all  the  nations  of  the 
east  shall  serve  this  king,  and  "  his  son,  and  his 
son's  son,  until  the  very  time  of  his  land  come." 
Secondly,  Belsliazzar  reigned  only  three  years.  We 
find  that  Daniel  saw  the  vision  related  in  chapter 
viii.  1,2,  at  the  palace  of  Shushan.  in  the  province 
ofElam.  Now  Shuslian,  in  the  reign  of  Belshaz- 
zar, was  not  a  city  of  Babylon,  but  of  Persia; 
neither  was  Elani  a  province  of  Babylon  ;  Elani 
was  another  name  for  Persia,  of  which  Shushan 
was  the  capital,  and  this  country  had  been  engaged 
in  perpetual  wars  with  Babylon  for  the  space  of 
twenty  years  before  its  overthrow.  We  have  no 
reason,  therefore,  for  supposing  that  Daniel  was 
ever  absent  from  the  city  of  Babylon,  a  place  where 
he  was  held  in  much  honor,  till  he  was  removed 
either  by  Cyrus  or  Darius.  Lightfoot  therefore  in- 
terprets the  first  and  second  verses  of  this  chapter 
to  signify,  "  In  the  third  year  of  Belshazzar, after  the 
fall  of  that  monarcli,  Daniel  was  taken  by  the  king 
of  Persia  to  his  own  capital,  where  he  saw  this 
vision."  The  expression  in  ver.  2,  "  I  rose  up, 
and  did  the  king's  business,"  refers  to  the  business 
which  was  entrusted  to  bis  care  by  Cyrus  and 
Darius  king  of  Persia,  and  not  by  Belshazzar  the 
king  of  Babylon.  Thirdly,  that  Belshazzar  was  the 
last  of  the  Babylonisli  kings.  Immediatelj'  after 
the  death  of  Belshazzar  his  kingdom  was  divided, 
and  given  to  the  Medes  and  Persians,  (Dan. 
V.  2S,  30,  31.)  Scripture  assures  us,  that  Nebu- 
chadnezzar should  liave  •'  sons,  and  son's  sons,"  to 
succeed  him  on  the  throne  of  Babylon  ;  and  it  con- 
fines itself  to  three  generations,  father,  son,  and 
grandson,  to  whom  the  Jews  should  continue  cap- 
lives  for  the  space  of  seventy  years:  now  if  we 
suppose  that  Belshazzar  was  not  of  the  seed  of 
Nebuchadnezzar,  and  that  his  kingdom  was  possess- 
ed by  the  Medes  and  Persians  before  the  expiration 
of  tlie  appointed  seventy  years,  these  prophecies 
must  have  failed  of  their  accomplishment.  God 
likewise  threatens  to  punish  the  king  of  Babj^lon 
and  the  land  of  the  Chaldeans,  by  bringing  "  many 
nations  and  great  kings  "  against  them,  (Jer.  xxv. 
12,  14,  and  1.  18)  ;  but  this  prophecy  again  could 
not  have  been  fulfilled,  if  at  the  end  of  the  seventy 
years  the  family  of  Nebuchadnezzar  was  extinct, 
and  no  longer  filled  tiie  throne  of  Babylon.  The 
evils  denounced  against  the  kings  of  Babylon  were 
caus(>d  not  only  by  their  iniquities,  but  for  cruelties 
inflicted  on  the  Jews  by  the  family  of  Nebuchad- 
nezzar. Isaiah  foretells  (chap,  xxi.)  the  capture  of 
the  city  at  a  feast,  the  "  night  of  pleasure  turned 
into  fear ;,  "  and  in  Isaiah  xliv.  God  promises  to  dry 
up  the  rivers,  and  to  break  in  pieces  the  gates  of 
brass,  before  his  anointed  servant  Cyrus  ;  who  was 
to  build  Jerusalem,  and  lay  the  foundations  of  the 
temple;  Isaiah  xlv.  1,  2.  It  cannot  be  thought 
probable,  then,  that  the  Almighty  would  inflict  on 
any  other  family,  the  evils  which  Nebuchadnezzar's 
conduct  had  brought  upon  his  own  ;  and  conse- 
quently whoever  was  the  reigning  monarch  when 


Cyrus  gained  admittance  into  the  city,  must  have 
been  a  son,  or  a  descenaant  of  Nebuchadnezzar. 

I  have  therefore,  according  to  Lightfoot,  supposed 
that  Evil-Merodach,  who  succeeded  his  fatlier 
Nebuchadnezzar,  reigned  twenty-three  years;  and 
that  at  his  death  Belshazzar  his  son  came  to  the 
throne,  who  was  slain  in  the  third  year  of  his  reign. 
Herodotus  represents  the  last  king  of  Babylon  as 
being  the  son  of  the  great  queen  Nitocris  ;  in  which 
case  she  must  have  been  the  wife  of  Evil-Merodach, 
for  by  this  king  only  could  she  have  been  the 
mother  of  a  son  that  was  son's  son  to  Nebuchad- 
nezzar. 

Profane  writers  give  a  variety  of  names  to  the 
last  king  that  reigned  in  Babylon  :  he  is  called  by 
Berosus,  Nabonnedus;  by  Megasthenes,  Nabonne- 
dochus  ;  by  Herodotus,  Labynetus ;  and  by  Jose- 
phus,  Naboandelus,  who,  he  says,  is  the  same  as 
Belshazzar  :  but  these  authors  are,  on  many  occa- 
sions, so  contradictory  and  inconsistent,  that  when 
they  at  all  interfere  with  Scripture,  their  evidence 
must  lose  its  authority.  They  agree  in  the  impor- 
tant fact,  that  Babylon  was  taken  during  a  festival ; 
and  both  Herodotus  and  Xenophon  relate  the  drain- 
ing of  the  river  by  Cyrus;  bj'  which  stratagem  he 
gained  admission  for  his  troops. 

The  causes  of  the  contradictory  accounts  related 
in  the  ancient  writers,  may  in  some  degree  be  as- 
certained from  the  hints  they  give  us  of  the  state  of 
the  kingdom  of  Babylon  after  the  death  of  Nebu- 
chadnezzar, or  perhaps  during  his  distraction. 
Evil-Merodach,  or  foolish  Merodach.his  successor, 
was,  as  his  name  implies,  a  weak  prince ;  and,  tak- 
ing advantage  of  this  circumstance,  several  of  the 
princes  mentioned  by  these  different  authorities 
may  have  opposed  him,  and  successively  exercised 
the  regal  power,  while  he  only  nominally  retained 
it.  And  to  these  usurpers,  in  all  probability,  may 
be  attributed  the  various  accounts  handed  down  to 
u.s  of  the  Babylonish  succession  during  this  period. 
The  injured  nobleman,  in  the  Cyroptedia,  repeat- 
edly praises  the  father  of  that  king  of  Babylon 
whom  Cyrus  was  proceeding  against ;  whom  the 
latter  calls  the  Assyrian.  And  from  the  description 
•riven  by  Isaiah  (xiv.  20.)  of  the  three  kings  of 
Babylon,  when  he  describes  Nebuchadnezzar  as  a 
serpent,  Evil-Merodach  as  a  cockatrice,  and  Bel- 
shazzar as  a  fiery-flying  serpent,  that  is,  worse  than 
his  cruel  predecessors,  it  is  not  improbable,  that 
Belshazzar  was  the  king  who  was  guilty  of  the  acts 
complained  of  by  the  friends  of  Cyrus,  and  like- 
wise of  those  cruelties  recorded  by  Xenophon. 

Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  in  his  History  of  the  World, 
proposes  an  opinion,  that  the  manuscript  of  Berosus 
must  have  been  altered  by  the  carelessness  of  a 
scribe  ;  and  that  it  originally  assigned  twenty-three 
years  to  the  reign  of  Evil-Merodach.  In  the  short 
account  of  the  reign  of  Evil-Merodach  given  in 
Scripture,  we  are  onl}'  inforn^ed  that  he  released 
Jehoiachin  from  prison,  and  •'  that  he  eat  bread  con- 
tinually before  him  all  the  days  of  his  life  ;  "  2 
Kings  xxv.  2II,  30.  From  this  expression  we  can 
alone  infer  that  Jehoiachin  lived  many  years  after 
he  was  restored  to  liberty,  and  that  during  his  life 
time  Evil-Merodach  was  still  king. 


Part  IV?] 


X  Chald.  bn^ht- 
nesses.  ver.  9. 

*  Chald.  changed 
it. 

t  Or,  mrdles.  Is. 
5.  -JT.  Chiild. 
bin4uis-<,  or, 

J  Chald.  jflftA 

mitrhl. 

*  Or,  purple. 


BELSHAZZAR'S  FEAST. 


1071 


J  Or,  ^and- 
father,  ver.  2. 

father,  ver.  2. 
c  Da.  4.  9. 


I  Or,  o/an  inter- 
preter, ^'C. 
+  Or,  of  a  dissole- 


\  Or, grandfather. 


'  Or,  fee,  as  Da 
2.6. 


d  Da.  2.  37,  33. 
4.  17,  2'  25. 


/Da.  4.  30,  37. 
t  Or,  to  deal 
proudly,  Ex.  18. 


g  Da.  4.  32,  &:c. 
*  Or,  he  mad"  hi' 
heart  equal,  ^'C. 
h  Da.  4.  17,  25. 


^  In  the  same  hour  came  forth  fingers  of  a  man's  hand,  and  wrote 
over  against  the  candlestick  upon  the  plaster  of  the  wall  of  the  king's 
palace  ;  and  the  king  saw  the  part  of  the  hand  that  wrote.  ''Then  the 
king's  icountenance  *was  changed,  and  his  thoughts  troubled  him,  so 
thaUhe  tjoints  of  his  loins  were  loosed,  and  his  knees  smote  one  against 
another.  ^  The  king  cried  laloud  to  bring  in  the  astrologers,  the  Chal- 
deans, and  the  soothsayers.  And  the  king  spake,  and  said  to  the  wise 
men  of  Babylon,  "  Whosoever  shall  read  this  writing,  and  show  me 
the  interpretation  thereof,  shall  be  clothed  with  *scarlet,  and  have  a 
chain  of  gold  about  his  neck,  and  shall  be  the  third  ruler  in  the  king- 
dom." ^  Then  came  in  all  the  king's  wise  men  ;  but  they  could  not 
read  the  writing,  nor  make  known  to  the  king  the  interpretation  thereof. 
9  Then  was  king  Belshazzar  greatly  troubled,  and  his  tcountenance 
was  changed  in  him,  and  his  lords  were  astonied. 

I''  Now  the  queen  by  reason  of  the  words  of  the  king  and  his  lords 
came  into  the  banquet  house.  And  the  queen  spake  and  said,  "  O  king, 
live  for  ever  !  let  not  thy  thoughts  trouble  thee,  nor  let  thy  countenance 
be  changed.  ^^  There  is  a  man  in  thy  kingdom,  in  whom  is  the  spirit 
of  the  holy  gods  ;  and  in  the  days  of  thy  Ifather  light  and  understand- 
ing and  wisdom,  like  the  wisdom  of  the  gods,  was  found  in  him  ;  whom 
the  king  Nebuchadnezzar  thy  *father,  (the  king,  I  say,  thy  father,) 
made  'master  of  the  magicians,  astrologers,  Chaldeans,  and  soothsayers  ; 
12  forasmuch  as  an  excellent  spirit,  and  knowledge,  and  understanding, 
f  interpreting  of  dreams,  and  showing  of  hard  sentences,  and  tdissolving 
of  "doubts,  were  found  in  the  same  Daniel,  whom  the  king  named 
Belteshazzar.  Now  let  Daniel  be  called,  and  he  will  show  the  inter- 
pretation." 

1^  Then  was  Daniel  brought  in  before  the  king.  And  the  king  spake 
and  said  unto  Daniel,  "  Art  thou  that  Daniel,  which  art  of  the  children 
of  the  captivity  of  Judah,  whom  the  king  my  tfather  brought  out  of 
Jewry  ?  ^''  I  have  even  heard  of  thee,  that  the  spirit  of  the  gods  is  in 
thee,  and  that  light  and  understanding  and  excellent  wisdom  is  found 
in  thee.  ^^  And  now  the  wise  men,  the  astrologers,  have  been  brought 
in  before  me,  that  they  sliould  read  this  writing,  and  make  known  unto 
me  the  interpretation  thereof;  but  they  could  not  show  the  interpre- 
.  tation  of  the  thing.  ^^  And  I  have  heard  of  thee,  that  thou  canst  tmake 
interpretations,  and  dissolve  doubts  :  now  if  thou  canst  read  the  writ- 
ing, and  make  known  to  me  the  interpretation  thereof,  thou  shalt  be 
clothed  with  scarlet,  and  have  a  chain  of  gold  about  thy  neck,  and 
shalt  be  the  third  ruler  in  the  kingdom." 

1^  Then  Daniel  answered  and  said  before  the  king,  "  Let  thy  gifts 
be  to  thyself,  and  give  thy  *rewards  to  another  ;  yet  I  will  read  the 
writing  unto  the  king,  and  make  known  to  him  the  interpretation. 
IS  O  tiiou  king  !  "the  most  high  God  gave  Nebuchadnezzar  thy  father 
a  kingdom,  and  majesty,  and  glory,  and  honor:  ^^^and  for  the  majesty 
that  he  gave  him,  'all  people,  nations,  and  languages,  trembled  and  feared 
before  him  :  whom  he  would  he  slew,  and  whom  he  would  he  kept 
alive,  and  whom  he  would  he  set  up,  and  whom  he  would  he  put 
down.  ^'^  But  -^when  his  heart  was  lifted  up,  and  his  mind  hardened  tin 
pride,  he  was  tdeposed  from  his  kingly  throne,  and  they  took  his  glory 
'  from  him.  ^^  And  he  was  ^driven  from  the  sons  of  men  ;  and  *his  heart 
was  made  like  the  beasts,  and  his  dwelling  was  with  the  wild  asses : 
they  fed  him  with  grass  like  o.xen,  and  his  body  was  wet  with  the  dew 
of  heaven,  Hill  he  knew  that  the  Most  High  God  ruled  in  the  kingdom 
of  men,  and  that  he  appointeth  over  it  whomsoever  he  will.  —And 
thou  his  son,  O  Belshazzar  !  hast  not  humbled  thy  heart,  though  thou 
knewest  all  this  :  ^3  but  hast  lifted  up  thyself  against  the  Lord  of  heaven  ; 


1072  DANIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  RAM  ^^D  HE  GOAT.     [Pkriod  VII. 

and  they  have  brousrht  the  vessels  of  his  house  before  thee,  and  thou, 
and  thy  lords,  thy  wives,  and  thy  concubines,  have  drunk  wine  in  them  ; 
and  thou  hast  praised  the  gods  of  silver,  and  gold,  of  brass,  iron,  wood, 
and  stone,  wjiich  see  not,  nor  hear,  nor  know  ;  and  the  God  in  whose 
i  je.  10. 23.  hand  thy  breath  is,  and  Svhose  are  all  thy  ways,  hast  thou  not  glorified. 
2^  Then' was  the  part  of  the  hand  sent  from  him,  and  this  writing  was 
written. 

25  u  Ajj(J  ti^ig  ig  the  writing  that  was  written,  Mene,  mene,  tekel, 

upHARsiN.  26 This  is  the  interpretation  of  the  thing:  mene  ;  God  hath 

jjob3i.6.Ps.     numbered  thv  kingdom,  and  finished  it :  ^^  tekel  ;  ^Thou  art  weighed 

62. 9. Je. 6. 30.    .^  ^j^^  balauccs,  and  art  fomid  wanting:   ^SpEREs;  Thy  kingdom  is 

fc  Foretold,  Is.      divided,  and  given  to  the  *Medes  and  Persians." 

^'-  ^-  2'J  Then  commanded  Belshazzar.  and  they  clothed  Daniel  with  scarlet, 

and  put  a  chain  of  gold  about  his  neck,  and  made  a  proclamation 
:j_e.5i.3i,39,  concerning  him,  that  he  should  be  the  third  ruler  in  the  kingdom. 
/chaid.  he  a3  tftc  ^^  In  'that  uight  was  Belshazzar  the  king  of  the  Chaldeans  slain.  3'  And 
soHof,'^x.         Darius  the  Median  took  the  kingdom,  tbeing  tabout  threescore  and  two 

1  Or,  now.  ,  , 

years  old. 

SECT.  XVII.  Section  XVII. — Daniel's  Vision  of  the  Ram  and  He  GoatS^^ 
Daniel  viii. 


A.  M.  3465. 
B.  C.  539. 


DanieVs  vision  of  the  ram  and  he  goat.     13  The  tiro  thousand  three  hundred  days  of  sacrijice. 
15  Gabriel  comtorleth  Daniel,  and  interpreteth  the  vision. 


^  In  the  third  year  of  the  reign  of  king  Belshazzar  a  vision  appeared 

a  Da.  7.1.  uiito  me,  cvcu  uuto  1110  Daniel,  after  that  which  appeared  unto  me  "at 

the  first.  2  And  I  saw  in  a  vision  ;  and  it  came  to  pass,  when  I  saw, 

that  I  was  at  Shushan  in  the  palace,  which  is  in  the  province  of  Elam  ; 

and  I  saw  in  a  vision,  and  I  was  by  the  river  of  Ulai.  ^  Then  I  lifted 

up  mine  eyes,  and  saw,  and,  behold,  there  stood  before  the  river  a  ram 

which  had  two  horns  ;  and  the  two  horns  were  high,  but  one  was  higher 

*H^h.ihc second,  than  *the  other,  and  the  higher  came  up  last.  ''I  saw  the  ram  pushing 

westward,  and    northward,  and   southward  ;  so  that   no  beasts  might 

stand  before  him,  neither  was  there  any  that  could  deliver  out  of  his 

hand  ;  but  he  did  according  to  his  will,  and  became  great.  ^  And  as  I 

was  considering,  behold,  a  he  goat  came  from  the  west  on  the  face 

tor,n««etoucAed  of  the  vvholc  carth,  and  ttouched  not  the  ground  ;  and  the  goat  had 

himinikeearik.   |^  ,iotable  hom  l)etween  his  eyes.  *=  And  he  came  to  the  ram  that  had 

*4a'- " ^""'""'^   two  horns,  which  I  had  seen  standing  before  the  river,  and  ran  unto 

(=«)  From  the  fourtli  verse  of  the  second  chapter,  sprang  up  in  the  room  of  the  first  great  horn,  are 

to  this  chapter,  Daniel  has  made  use   of  the  Chal-  tlie  same  as  the  four  heads  of  the  leopard  in  the  for- 

dee  lan<ruage,  because  his  prophecies  and  writings  mer  vision,  and  denote  the  four  kingdoms  of  Greece, 

related  to  the'  Chaldeans.     His  remaining  prophe-  Thrace,  Syria,  and  Egypt,  which  were  thus  divided 

cics  are    written    in    Hebrew,  because  they  treat  "  toward  the  four  winds  of  heaven  "  by  Cassander, 

of    events    subsequent    to   the    times  of  that  na-  Lysimachus,   Seleucus,  and   Ptolemy  about  fifteen 

tion   and  principally  regard  tlie   Church  and  peo-  years  after  the  death  of  Ale.xander,  and  the  murder 

pie  of  God.      The   second   empire  in  tlie    former  of  his  descendants.     The  '-little   horn,"   which   is 

vision  (the  Medo-Persian)  is  the  first  in  this;  and  described    as  rising  among  the  four   horns  of  the 

what  was  there  compared  to  a  bear,  is  here  prefig-  Grecian  empire,  ver.  9,  is  supposed  by  the  generality 

ured  by  a  ram.    This  ram  having  two  horns,  ac-  of  commentators  to  signify  the  Roman    temporal 

cording  to  the  explication  of  the  angel    Gabriel,  power.     It  was  this  power  that  magnified   its(^lf 

ver.  20.  was  the  emnire  of  tlie  Medes  and  Persians,  against  "  the  prince  of  the  host,"  "  stood  up  ao-.-nnst 

The  propriety  of  the  emblem  appears  from  hence,  the    Prince    of    princes,"  ver.    25,    crucified    the 

that  the  kings  of  Persia  wore  a  ram's  head  of  gold,  Messiah,  the  Lord  of  life,  took    away  the   '=  daily 

and  precious  stones,  instead  of  a  diadem,  and  a  ram  sacrifice,"  destroyed  the  temple  of  the  Jews,  (ver. 

was  the  armorial  ensign  of  that  empire.     The  he  11.)  and  made  a  desolation  of  the  holy  city.     But, 

goat  is  the  Macedonian  em|)ire.     The  first  king  of  as  "  the  stone,"  in  Nebuchadnezzar's  dream,  was 

the  Macedonians,  200  years  before    Daniel,  called  "cut  out  of  the  mountain  without  hands,"  that  is, 

his  capital  city  iEwtE.  or  ^ga;,  a  goal  being  their  not  by  human,  but  supernatural  means,  so  likewise 

ensitrn.     "  The  rough  goat."  ver.  91,  represents  the  shall'this  kingdom  "be    broken  without   hands." 

Greeks  or  Macedonians  under  Ale.xander:  ver.  Ci  Compare  chap.  ii.  :34,  and  chap.  vii.  11  nnd -S.'i.    All 

and  7  describe  the  Grecians  overthrowing  the  Per-  whicli  passages  seem  to  imply  that  the   dominion 

sian  empire.     The  final  and  principal  engagement  of  the  Romans  shall  be  finally  destroyed  with  some 

in  which  Alexander  overcame  the  Persians,  was  at  extraordinary  manifestation  of  the  Divme  j:awer.— 

the  river  Granicus,  in  Phrygia,  '•  standing  before  Bishop  Newton, 
the  river."  ver.  Cy.    The  four--  notable  "  horns  that 


Part  IV.] 


DANIEL'S  VISION  OF  THE  RAM  AND  HE  GOAT. 


1073 


6  1  Mac.  1.16-19. 


*  Or,  against  the 
host.  So  Is.  14. 
13. 

c  Re.  12.  4. 
d  Je.  48.  2(3,  42. 
■\  Or,  against, 
e  1  Mac.  1 .  44-64. 
J  Or,  from  him. 
/Ex.29.  38.  Nu. 
28.  3.  Ez.  46. 13. 

*  Or,  the  host  was 
given  over  for  the 
transgression 
aa-ainst  the  daily 
sacrifice. 

g  1  Mac.  1.  11, 
&c.  2  Mac.  4. 
13-17. 

ft  1  Pe.  1.  19. 

f  Or,  the  nuntberer 
of  secret-^,  or,  the 
wonderful  num.- 
Iierer.  Heb.  Pal- 

J  Or,  making  des- 
olate, Da.  11.31. 
&  12.  11.  1  Mac. 
1.  54. 

*  Heb.  evening 

i  1  Mac.  4.  36,  &.C. 
t  Heb.  justified. 
j  See  Da.  )2.  8. 

1  Pe.  1.  10,  11. 
ft  Ez.  1.  26. 
ZLu.  1.  19,26. 
m  Lu.  9.  32. 
J  Heb.  7nade  me 

stand  upon  my 

standing. 
MDa.  11.  3,  &c. 


o  1  Mac.  1.  11, 
&c.  &  2.  15. 

*  Heb.  are  accom- 
plished. 

p  Be.  28.  50. 

g  Re.  17.  13,  17. 

f  Heb.  people  of 
the  holy  ones. 

J  Or,  prosperity. 

r  Job  34.  20.  La. 

4.  6.  1  Mac  6. 

8-13.  2  Mac.  9. 

9,  &.C. 
s  Ez.  12.  27.  Re. 

22.  10. 


him  in  the  fury  of  his  power.  '^  And  I  saw  him  come  close  unto  the 
ram,  and  he  was  moved  with  choler  against  him.  and  smote  the  ram, 
and  brake  his  two  horns  ;  and  there  was  no  power  in  the  ram  to  stand 
before  liim,  but  he  cast  him  down  to  the  ground,  and  stamj)ed  upon 
him  ;  and  there  was  none  that  could  deliver  the  ram  out  of  his  hand. 
^  Therefore  the  he  goat  wa.xed  very  great ;  and  when  he  was  strong, 
the  great  horn  was  broken  ;  and  for  it  came  up  four  notable  ones 
toward  the  four  winds  of  heaven.  ^  And  out  of  one  of  them  came 
forth  a  little  horn,  which  waxed  exceeding  great,  Howard  the  south, 
and  toward  the  east,  and  toward  the  pleasant  land.  ^°  And  it  waxed 
great,  even  *to  the  host  of  heaven  ;  and  '^it  cast  down  some  of  the 
host  and  of  the  stars  to  the  ground,  and  stamped  upon  them.  ^^  Yea, 
''he  magnified  himself  even  flo  the  prince  of  the  host,  'and  tby  him 
■^the  daily  sacrifice  was  taken  away,  and  tlie  place  of  his  sanctuary  was 
cast  down.  ^~  And  *a  host  was  given  him  against  the  daily  sacrifice  ^by 
reason  of  transgression,  and  it  cast  down  the  truth  to  the  ground  ;  and 
it  practised,  and  prospered,  '^Then  I  heard  ''one  saint  speaking,  and 
another  saint  said  unto  tthat  certain  saint  which  spake,  "  How  long 
shall  be  the  vision  concerning  the  daily  sacrifice,  and  the  transgression 
of  Jdesolation,  to  give  both  the  sanctuary  and  the  host  to  be  trodden 
under  foot  ?  "  '*  And  he  said  unto  me,  "  Unto  tvvo  thousand  and  three 
hundred  *days  ;  'then  shall  the  sanctuary  be  tcleansed." 

^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  I,  even  I  Daniel,  had  seen  the  vision,  and 
-'sought  for  the  meaning,  then,  behold,  there  stood  before  me  ''as  the 
appearance  of  a  man.  ^^  And  I  heard  a  man's  voice  between  the  banks 
of  Ulai,  which  called,  and  said, "  Gabriel,  'make  this  man  to  understand 


the 


So  he 


came  near 


where  I  stood.     And  when  he  came, 


I  was  afraid,  and  fell  upon  my  face  ;  but  he  said  unto  me,  "  Under- 
stand, O  son  of  man  !  for  at  the  time  of  the  end  shall  be  the  vision." 
^^  Now  '"as  he  was  speaking  with  me,  I  was  in  a  deep  sleep  on  my  face 
toward  the  ground  ;  but  he  touched  me,  and  tset  me  upright.  ^^  And 
he  said,  '•  Behold,  I  will  make  thee  know  what  shall  be  in  the  last  end 
of  the  indignation  ;  for  at  the  time  appointed  the  end  shall  be.  ^^  The 
ram  which  thou  sawest  having  two  horns  are  the  kings  of  Media  and 
Persia,  ^'  And  the  rough  goat  is  the  king  of  Grecia  ;  and  the  great 
horn  that  is  between  his  eyes  "is  the  first  king.  ^-  Now  that  being 
broken,  whereas  four  stood  up  for  it,  four  kingdoms  shall  stand  up  out 
of  the  nation,  but  not  in  his  power.  ^^  And  in  the  latter  time  of  their 
kingdom,  "when  the  transgressors  *are  come  to  the  full,  a  king^of  fierce 
countenance,  and  understanding  dark  sentences,  shall  stand  up.  ^*  And 
his  power  shall  be  mighty,  'but  not  by  his  own  power  ;  and  he  shall 
destroy  wonderfully,  and  shall  prosper,  and  practise,  and  shall  destroy 
the  mighty  and  the  tholy  people.  ^^  And  through  his  policy  also  he 
shall  cause  craft  to  prosper  in  his  hand  ;  and  he  shall  magnify  himself 
in  his  heart,  and  by  Ipeace  shall  destroy  many.  He  shall  also  stand 
up  against  the  Prince  of  princes  ;  but  he  shall  be  '^broken  without  hand. 
^^  And  the  vision  of  the  evening  and  the  morning  which  was  told  is 
true  ;  ^wherefore  shut  thou  up  the  vision,  for  it  shall  be  for  many  days." 
-"^  And  I  Daniel  fainted,  and  was  sick  certain  days  ;  afterward  I  rose 
up,  and  did  the  king's  business  ;  and  I  was  astonished  at  the  vision, 
but  none  understood  it. 

135  4  L* 


SECT. 

XVIII. 

— 



A. 

M. 

34-^6. 

B. 

C. 

,  538. 

1074  DANIEL'S  PRAYER  FOR  RESTORING  JERUSALEM.     [Period  VIL 

Section  XVIIL — Prayer  of  Daniel,  for  the  Restoration  of  Jerusalem,  and 

Froplitey  of  the  Seventy  Weeks. 

Daniel  ix.**'') — Psalm  cii. 

Daniel,  considering  the  time  of  the  captirity,  3  maketli  confession  of  sins,  1 6  and  pratjeth  for  the 

restoration  of  Jerusalem.     20  Gabriel  informeth  him  of  the  seventy  ivee/cs. 

^  In  the  first  year  of  Darius  the  son  of  Ahasuerus,  of  the  seed  of 

*  Or,  i„,cku:k  he,  the  Mcdcs,  (*which  was  made  king  over  the  reahn  of  the  Clialdcans,) 

~  in  the  first  year  of  his  reign,  I  Daniel  understood  by  books  the  number 

of  the  years,  whereof  the  word  of  the  Lord  came   to  "Jeremiah  the 

"je^as' n"1^"  &  pi^oplict,  that  he  would  accomplish  seventy  years  in  the  desolations  of 

2a.' 10.'    '  "'     Jerusalem. 

*^eh^i.4  Je.  ^And  ''I  set  my  face  unto  the  Lord  God,  to  seek  by  prayer  and  sup- 
»-io. '  •  ■  ■  phcations,  with  fasting,  and  sackcloth,  and  ashes.  ■*  And  I  prayed  unto 
eEx-20. 6.  De.  the  LoRD  my  God,  and  made  my  confession,  and  said, — '•  O 'Lord, 
&.9.3i.  '  '  '  the  great  and  dreadful  God,  keeping  the  covenant  and  mercy  to  them 
«j  1  Ki. 8. 47, 48.  that  love  him,  and  to  them  that  keep  his  commandments!  ^we  ''have 
9. 33,34. 'ps.  sinned,  and  have  committed  iniquity,  and  have  done  wickedly,  and 
t!^!^!'^.'!^' ^  have  rebelled,  even  by  departing  from  thy  precepts,  and  from  thy  judg- 
« 2  ch.  3o.  15, 16.  ments  ;  ^neither  'have  we  hearkened  unto  thy  servants  the  prophets, 
which  spake  in  thy  name  to  our  kings,  our  princes,  and  our  fathers, 
/Nell.  9. 33.        and  to  all  the  people  of  the  land.  ''^O  -^Lord,  righteousness  tbelonijeth 

i  Ot,  thou  hast,  ,         .  i      ^  .  r      •  c   c  f  .i  •       i  .        i 

4-c.  unto  tiiee,  but  unto  us  contusion  oi  laces,  as  at  this  day  ;  to  the  men 

of  Judah,  and  to  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  and  unto  all  Israel, 
that  are  near,  and  that  are  far  off,  through  all  the  countries  whither 
tliou  hast  driven  them,  because  of  their  trespass  that  they  have  tres- 
passed against  thee.  ^O  Lord,  to  us  belongeth  confusion  of  face,  to 
our  kings,  to  our  princes,  and  to  our  fathers,  because  we  have  sinned 
against  thee.  ^  To  the  Lord  our  God  belong  mercies  and  forgivenesses, 
though  we  have  rebelled  against  him,  ^^  neither  have  we  obeyed  the 
voice  of  the  Lord  our  God,  to  walk  in  his  laws,  which  he  set  before 

(^^)  In  this  chapter,  Daniel,  understanding  from  year  and  the  beginning  of  the  Christian  era,)  from 

books  (which  are  supposed  to  have  been  the  prophe-  490,  tiiere  remains  33,  the  year  of  our  Lord's  death, 

cies  of  Jeremiah,  chapters  x.xv.  xiii.  xxix.  I.),  that  — Prideaux. 

tlie  appointed  captivity  of  seventy  years  was  now  In  this  most  wonderful  prediction  the  sufferings 
drawing  towards  its  conclusion,  intercedes  with  and  atonement  of  Clirist  are,  perhaps,  more  expHcit- 
G:)d,  by  prayer  and  supplication,  for  iiis  brethren,  ly  and  clearly  revealed,  than  in  any  otlier  prophecy 
In  verse  17,  we  clearly  find  a  plurality  in  the  God-  of  the  Old  Testament.  Seventy  weeks  are  •■  deter- 
head  signified  ;  D.miel  asks  for  blessings  on  the  mined  upon  "  for  the  continuance  of  tlie  Mosaica] 
sanctuiry  and  the  people  "  for  the  Lord's  sake."  worship  ;  at  the  end  of  this  time,  tlie  prophet  de- 
And  in  acceptmce  of  his  petitions,  while  he  was  clares  the  "  Most  Holy  "  will  make  reconciliation 
yet  praying,  the  Angel  Gabriel  appears,  and  com-  for  iniquity,  and  bring  in  everlasting  righteousness, 
municates  to  the  prophet  a  most  wonderful  revela-  The  Messiah  shall  be  "  cut  off,  but  not  for  himself," 
tion ;  assuring  him  at  the  same  time  of  the  restora-  (I  Pet.  iii.  IS.),  that  "  He  shall  cause  the  sacrifice 
tion  and  rebuilding  of  Jerusalem.  The  captivity  and  the  oblation  to  cease  ;  "  "  by  His  one  oblation 
was  to  last  seventy  years;  at  its  close,  the  future  of  HimseHV  on  the  cross,  the  sacrifice  and  burnt 
state  of  the  Jews  and  the  holy  city  for  the  space  of  offerings  of  the  Law  were  to  be  annulled  ;  and, 
another  seventy  weeks  is  revealed  to  Daniel,  com-  finally,  that  the  people  of  the  prince  that  shall  come 
prising  the  period  '•  from  the  going  forth  of  the  shall  destroy  the  city  and  the  sanctuary.  This  i)re- 
comtnindinent  to  restore  and  to  build  Jerusalem,  diction,  of  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  and  tlie 
till  Messiah  be  cut  off."  The  commencement  of  temple,  was  literally  fulfilled,  with  a  long  train  of 
the  whole  period  of  seventy  weeks  [of  years],  or  dreadful  calamities,  attended  with  awful  indications 
4!)0  years,  being  reckoned  from  the  seventh  year  of  of  divine  vengeance,  when  the  Romans  under  Titus 
Artaxerxes  (Ezra  vii.  II) ;  when  the  wall  of  their  utterly  destroyed  this  condemned  city  and  its  mis- 
city  was  built,  and  its  inhabitants  restored  to  its  an-  crable"  inhabitants. 

cient  laws,  falls  upon   the  457th  year  before  the         Bishop  Watson  remarks,  "  To  read  these  prophe- 

Christian  era.     To  4.')7   years  before  the  birth    of  cies  of  Daniel  with  attention,  intelligence,  and  an 

Clir.st,  add  20  years  atler  the  birth  of  Christ,  which  unbiased  mind,  is  sufficient  to  convert  an    unbe- 

2(i  is  the  number  that  483  years,  or  Gi)  weeks,  ex-  liever  from   Deism  to   Christianity."     They  were 

ceed  4.")7  3'ears,  and  we  are  brought  to  the  beginning  delivered  several  hundred  years  before  the  birth  of 

of  John  the  Baptist's  preaching  of  the  advent  of  the  Christ;  thej' extend  through  many  ages;  and  have 

Messiah:  adding  seven  years7  or  one  week,  to  the  ever  been  considered  as  the  foundation  of  all  modern 

former,  we  come  to  the  33d  year  of  our  Lord,  which  history;  revealing  the  successive  rise  and  fall   of 

was   the  year   of  Jesus  Christ's    death.      In   other  the  four  great  monarchies  of  the  world  ;  the  estab- 

words,    compute    4!I0    years,    the    whole    seventj'  lishment  of  Messiah's    kingdom    upon   earth  ;  his 

weeks,  from  the  seventh  of  Artaxerxes  ;  by  sub-  death  and  sufferings  ;  and  passing  from  earth   to 

Iracting  4.'>7  years,  (the  space  of  time  between  tliat  heaven,  they  terminate  only  in  eternity. 


Part  IV.] 


DANIEL'S  PRAYER  FOR  RESTORING  JERUSALEM.        1075 


^slVio!"''' ''"■  us  by  his  servants  the  prophets.  '^  Yea,  "all  Israel  have  transgressed 
''jLe.|.i.  14,  &c.  thy  law,  even  by  departing,  that  they  might  not  obey  thy  voice  ;  there- 
&  28.  io,  kc^k  fore  the  curse  is  poured  upon  us.  and  the  oath  that  is  written  in  the 
''Law  of  Moses  the  servant  of  God,  because  we  have  sinned  against 
him.  i-And  he  hath  'confirmed  his  words,  which  he  spake  against  us, 
and  against  our  judges  that  judged  us,  by  bringing  upon  us  a  great  evil ; 
■'for  under  the  whole  heaven  hath  not  been  done  as  hath  been  done 
^  As  it  is  written  in  the  Law  of  Moses,  all  this  evil  is 


upon  Jerusalem.  ^^  As  it  is  written  in  the  Law  of  Moses,  all  this  evil 
come  upon  us  ;  yet  tmade  we  not  our  prayer  before  the  Lord  our 
God,  that  we  might  turn  from  our  iniquities,  and  understand  thy  truth. 
^''  Therefore  hath  the  Lord  watched  upon  the  evil,  and  brought  it 
upon  us  ;  for  the  Lord  our  God  is  righteous  in  all  his  works  which  he 
doeth  ;  for  we  obeyed  not  his  voice.  '^And  now,  O  Lord  our  God, 
'that  hast  brought  thy  people  forth  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt  with  a 
mighty  hand,  and  hast  *gotten  thee  renown,  as  at  this  day  ;  we  have 
sinned,  we  have  done  wickedly.  ^"^  O  Lord,  according  to  all  thy  right- 
eousness, I  beseech  thee,  let  thine  anger  and  thy  fury  be  turned  away 


29.  -20,  &c.  & 

17,  IS.  &31.  17, 

&c.  &  32.  19, 

&c.  La.  2.  17. 
t  Zee.  I.  G. 
jh:i.  1.  12.  &  2. 

Ki.  Ez.  .1.  9. 

Am.  3.  2. 
X  Heb.  entreated 

we  not  the  face 

uflhe,^;-. 
k  Ex.  (1.  I,  6. 

*  Heb.  made  thee 
a  name. 

I  Ex.  20.  5. 

f"  Heb.   whereupon 

t/iii  name  is 

called. 
I  Heb.  cauae  to 

fall,  Je.  3li.  7. 

*  Heb.  wit/t  weari- 
ness, or,  jllglu. 

tiiee skLif!^i of  un-  f^o'"  thy  city  Jerusalem,  thy  holy  mountain  ;  because  for  our  sins,  and 
'for  the  iniquities  of  our  fathers,  Jerusalem  and  thy  people  are  become 
a  reproach  to  all  that  are  about  us.  ^^  Now  therefore,  O  our  God,  hear 
the  prayer  of  thy  servant,  and  his  supplications,  and  cause  thy  face  to 
fiom  shine  upon  thy  sanctuary  that  is  desolate,  for  the  Lord's  sake.  ^^  O  my 
God,  incline  thine  ear,  and  hear ;  open  thine  eyes,  and  behold  our 
desolations,  and  the  city  f which  is  called  by  thy  name :  for  we  do  not 
tpresent  our  supplications  before  thee  for  our  righteousnesses,  but  for 
thy  great  mercies.  ^^  O  Lord,  hear  !  O  Lord,  forgive  !  O  Lord,  hearken 
and  do  !  defer  not,  for  thine  own  sake,  O  my  God  !  for  thy  city  and 
thy  people  are  called  by  thy  name." 

^^  And  while  I  was  speaking,  and  praying,  and  confessing  my  sin 
and  the  sin  of  my  people  Israel,  and  presenting  my  supplication  before 
the  Lord  my  God  for  the  holy  mountain  of  my  God  ;  ^^  yea,  while  I 
was  speaking  in  prayer,  even  the  man  Gabriel,  whom  I  had  seen  in  the 


dcrstandt 
X  Heb.  word. 
*  Heb.  a  man  of 


m  .Mat.  24.  1 
t  Tbey  begin 
tbe2Uth  ufAr- 
taxerxes.    See 
Nu.  14.  34.  Ez 


J  Or,  to  restrain. 
*  Or,  to  seal  up, 

La.  4.  22. 
n  Is.  53.  10. 
0  Is.  53.  11.  Je. 

23.  5,  ti.  He.  9. 

12.  Re.  14.  6. 
t  Heb.  prophet. 
p  Ps.  45.  7.  Lu. 

1.35.  Jo.  1.  41. 

He.  9.  11. 
Mat.  24 


rEzra4. 24.&6.  vlsiou  at  the  beginning,  bciug  caused  to  fly  *swiftly,  touched  me  about 

1,15.&7.1.  iU_i! _ril  •  11^.  •  oni         11  •      r  i  i,ii         i 


3,5, 


Neh.  2. 
<i,  8. 
X  Or,  to  build 
again  Jerusa- 
lem :  as  2  Sa.  15. 

25.  Ps.  71.  20. 
sJo.  1.41.  &4. 

25. 
t  Is.  55.  4. 

*  Heb.  shall  re- 
turn and  be 
budded. 

f  Or,  breach,  or, 

dilLh. 
u  Neh.  4.  8,  16- 

18. 
X  Heb.  in  strait 

of  times,  Neh.  6. 

15. 
V  Is.  53.  8.  Ma. 

9.  12.  Lu.  24. 

26,  46. 

*  Or,  and  shall 
hav.entilkiniT,  Jo. 
14.  30.  1  Pe.  2. 
21.  &  3.  18. 

t  Or,  and  [the 
Jews'\  therj  shall 
be  nu  more  his 
people.  Da.  11. 
17,  or,  and  the 
prince's  [Messi- 
ah's, ver.  25] 
future  people. 

w  Mat.  23.  7. 

X  Lu.  19.  44. 

y  Mat.  21.  2. 

z  Mat.  24.  6,  14. 

a  Is.  8.  7,  8. 


the  time  of  the  evening  oblation.  -^  And  he  informed  me,  and  talked 
with  me,  and  said,  "O  Daniel,  I  am  now  come  forth  f  to  give  thee  skill 
and  understanding.  ^^  \i  t|^g  beginning  of  thy  supplications  the  tcom- 
mandment  came  forth,  and  I  am  come  to  show  thee,  (for  thou  art 
*greatly  beloved  ;)  therefore  "understand  the  matter,  and  consider  the 
vision.  ~^f  Seventy  weeks  are  determined  upon  thy  people  and  upon  thy 
holy  city,  tto  finish  the  transgression,  and  *to  make  an  end  of  sins,  and 
"to  make  reconciliation  for  iniquity,  "and  to  bring  in  everlasting  right- 
eousness, and  to  seal  up  the  vision  and  tprophecy,  ''and  to  anoint  the 
Most  Holy.  2^  Know  therefore  and  understand,  that  '^from  the  going 
forth  of  the  commandment  tto  restore  and  to  build  Jerusalem  unto 
^the  Messiah  'the  Prince  shall  be  seven  weeks,  and  threescore  and  two 
weeks  :  the  street  *shall  be  built  again,  and  the  f  wall,  "even  tin  troub- 
lous times.  ^^  And  after  threescore  and  two  weeks  "shall  Messiah  be  cut 
off,  *but  not  for  himself;  tand  "the  people  of  the  prince  that  shall 
come  "^shall  destroy  the  city  ^and  the  sanctuary  ;  "^and  the  end  thereof 
shall  be  "with  a  flood,  and  unto  the  end  of  the  war  tdesolations  are 
determined.  ^^  And  he  shall  confirm  *the  covenant  with  'many  for  one 
week  :  and  in  the  midst  of  the  week  he  shall  cause  the  sacrifice  and 
the  oblation  to  cease,  tand  for  the  overspreading  of  '^abominations  he 
shall  make  it  desolate,  ''even  until  the  consummation,  and  that  deter- 
mined shall  be  poured  tupon  the  desolate." 


to,-, 

tOr,,, 
Ro. 


t  sha'l  lir  cut  nffhij  desolations.       *  Oi,a,  T«.  -JQ.  6. 
id  upon  the  batlleinenis  shall  be  the  idols  of  the  desolato 
11.  26.  X  Or,  upon  the  desolator. 


28.  Ro.  5.  15,  19.  Heb.  9.  28 
See  Is.  10.  22,23.  Lu.  21,24 


1076 


PRAYER  FOR  RESTORING  JERUSALEM.     [Period  VII. 


PSALM  (;il.(58) 


prophet  in  Ins  prayer  makeih  a  orierovs  complaint.     12  He  taketh  comfort  in  the  eternity  and 
.1.,^  '  „/•  r2„.i      i«  rr/,..  „.^,-ni^c  nf  n,„1  nre  in  he  recorded.     23  He  sustameth  his  tecakness  by  the 


*  Ox,  for. 
t  Ps.  61.  2.  & 


imchanseableness  of  God. 
A  Prayer  *of  the  afflicted,  fwhen  he 


overwhelmed,  and  poureth  out  his  complaint  before  the 

LOKD. 


6  Ja.  4.  14. 
X  Or,  (as  some 
read,)  into  fmoice. 


'  Oi,  fiesh. 


c  Ac.  26.  11. 
d  Ac.  23.  12. 


/Is.  60.  10.  Zee. 

1.  12. 
g  Is.  40.  2. 


tNph.  1.6,  11 
2.8. 


k  Ts.  23.  31.  Is. 
43.21. 


t  Hel).  tht  children 
of  iltatk. 


X  Hob.  afflicted. 


^  Hear  my  prayer,  O  Lord  ! 

And  let  my  cry  "come  unto  thee. 
2  Hide  not  thy  face  from  me  in  the  day  when  I  am  in  trouble, 

Inchne  thine  ear  unto  me  in  the  day  when  I  call ; 

Answer  me  speedily. 

^  For  ''my  days  are  consumed  tlike  smoke, 

And  my  bones  arc  burned  as  a  hearth. 
■*  My  heart  is  smitten,  and  withered  like  grass, 

So  that  I  forget  to  eat  my  bread. 
^  By  reason  of  the  voice  of  my  groaning 

My  bones  cleave  to  my  "^skin. 
•^  I  am  like  a  pelican  of  the  wilderness ; 

I  am  like  an  owl  of  the  desert. 
■^  I  watch,  and  am  as  a  sparrow  alone  upon  the  housetop. 
^  Mine  enemies  reproach  me  all  the  day  ; 

And  they  that  are  'mad  against  me  are  "sworn  against  me. 
9  For  I  have  eaten  ashes  like  bread. 

And  mingled  my  drink  with  weeping, 
^^  Because  of  thine  indignation  and  thy  wrath  ; 

For  thou  hast  lifted  me  up,  and  cast  me  down, 
11  My  days  are  like  a  shadow  that  declineth, 

And  'I  am  withered  like  grass. 

12  But  thou,  O  Lord!  shalt  endure  for  ever, 
And  thy  remembrance  unto  all  generations. 

13  Thou  shalt  arise,  and  -^have  mercy  upon  Zion  ; 

For  the  time  to  favor  her,  yea,  the  ^set  time,  is  come. 
I'l  For  thy  servants  take  pleasure  in  her  stones, 

And  favor  the  dust  thereof. 
1^  So  the  heathen  shall  fear  the  name  of  the  Lord, 

And  all  the  kings  of  the  earth  thy  glory. 
1*^  When  tlie  Lord  shall  build  up  Zion, 

He  ''shall  appear  in  his  glory. 
1'^  He  'will  regard  the  prayer  of  the  destitute, 

And  not  despise  their  prayer, 
18  This  shall  l)e  ^vritten  for  the  generation  to  come. 

And  Hhe  people  which  shall  be  created  shall  praise  the  Lord. 
1^  For  he  hath  looked  down  from  the  height  of  his  sanctuary, 

From  heaven  did  the  Lord  behold  the  earth  ; 
-°  To  hear  the  groaning  of  the  prisoner, 

To  loose  tthose  that  are  appointed  to  death, 

21  To  declare  the  name  of  the  Lord  in  Zion, 
And  his  praise  in  Jerusalem  ; 

22  When  the  people  are  gathered  together, 
And  the  kingdoms,  to  serve  the  Lord. 

2'*  He  tweakened  my  strength  in  the  way. 
He  shortened  my  days. 
2^  I  said,  O  my  God  !  take  me  not  away  in  the  midst  of  my  days 
Thy  years  are  throughout  all  generations. 


f9)  This  Psalm  seoins,  by  the  thirteenth  verse,  to  years.     It  may  be  appropriately  placed  therefore  m 

have  been  composed  about  tlie  time  that  God  prom-  the  same  section  with  the  prayer  of  Daniel  on  the 

ised  a  restoration  to  his  people  from  their  captivity  same  occasion. — Mudge. 
in    Babylon ;    namely,   after    a   period   of  seventy 


Part  IV.]  DANIEL  IS  CAST  INTO  THE  DEN  OF  LIONS.  1077 

zseeGe.  1. 1.      25  Qf  'qJj  jjj^g^  ^\^Q^^  \^\(\  the  foundation  of  the  earth, 

And  the  heavens  are  the  work  of  thy  hands. 
7H  See  Job  14. 12.  26  They  '"shall  perish,  but  Thou  shalt  *endure  ; 

*  Heb.  stand.  yea,  all  of  tlicm  shall  wax  old  like  a  garment ; 

As  a  vesture  shalt  thou  change  them,  and  they  shall  be  changed. 
n  Mai.  3. 6.  He.    ^7  giij  "Tiiou  art  the  samc, 

13.8.  Ja.  1.  17.  ^^^^   ^j^y   ^,g^j.g  gj^^jj   j^^^,g   ^Q  gj^^^ 

2s  The  children  of  thy  servants  shall  continue, 
And  their  seed  shall  be  established  before  thee. 

SECT.  XIX.  Section  XIX. — Daniel  is  cast  into  the  Den  of  Lions. 

Daniel  vi.fs^) 

A.  M.   3467.  Danielis  made  chief  of  the  presidents.     ^  They,  conspirincr  against  him,  obtain  an  idolatrous  decree. 

B.  C.  537.  10  Daniel,  accused  of  the  breach  thereof,  is  cast  iiilo  the  lions'  den.     18  Daniel  is  saved.     24  His 

adversaries  devoured,  25  and  God  magnifed  by  a  decree. 

1  It  pleased  Darius  to  set  over  the  kingdom  an  hundred  and  twenty 
princes,  which  should  be  over  the  whole  kingdom  ;  ^and  over  these 
three  presidents,  of  whom  Daniel  was  first :  that  the  princes  might 
give  accounts  unto  them,  and  the  king  should  have  no  damage.  ^Then 
this  Daniel  was  preferred  above  the  presidents  and  princes,  because 
an  excellent  spirit  was  in  him  ;  and  the  king  thought  to  set  him  over 
the  whole  realm. 
a  Ec.  4. 4.  4  Then  "the  presidents  and  princes  sought  to  find  occasion  against 

Daniel  concerning  the  kingdom  ;  but  they  could  find  none  occasion 
nor  fault,  forasmuch  as  he  was  faithful,  neither  was  there  any  error  or 
fault  found  in  him.  ''Then  said  these  men,  "We  shall  not  find  any 
occasion  against  this  Daniel,  except  we  find  it  against  him  concerning 

*  Or,  came  tumui-  the  law  of  his  God."  ^  Tlicu  these  presidents  and  princes  *assembled 
tuousiy.  together  to  the  king,  and  said  thus  unto  him,  "  King  Darius,  live  for 

ever  !  '''  All  the  presidents  of  the  kingdom,  the  governors,  and  the 
princes,  the  counsellors,  and  the  captains,  have  consulted  together  to 

t  Or,  interdict.  establish  a  royal  statute,  and  to  make  a  firm  tdecree,  that  whosoever 
shall  ask  a  petition  of  any  God  or  man  for  thirty  days,  save  of  thee,  O 
king,  he  shall  be  cast  into  the  den  of  lions.  ^Now,  O  king,  establish 
the  decree,  and  sign  the  writing,  that  it  be  not  changed,  according  to 

A^E.t.  1. 19.  &  8.  ^j^^  ,j^^  ^^  ^j^^  ^j^^^^  ^^^^  Persians,  which  taltereth  not."  ^  Wherefore 

tChM. passeth    j^jfiff  Darius  sioned  the  writino;  and  the  decree. 

not  o  czi  ■--  ^ 

ciKi.  8. 44,48.        ^*^Now  whcn  Dauicl  knew  that  the  writing  was  signed,  he  went  into 
Fs.  5. 7.  Jon.  2.   j^-g  {^Q^gg .  g^j^^j  ^jg  wiudows  bciug  opcu  in  his  chamber  'toward  Jeru- 

(59)  That  the  wonderful  events  recorded  in  the  vince  the  Gentiles  of  his  universal  providence  and 
sixth  chapter  of  Daniel  took  place  about  this  time,  his  resistless  power.  He  raised  up  Daniel  by  pro- 
and  that  the  chapter  itself  oufrht  therefore  to  be  in-  phetic  spirit;  He  rescued  the  three  illustrious 
serted  in  this  part  of  the  arrangement,  appears  cer-  friends  of  Daniel ;  He  punished  the  proud  impiety- 
tain,  if  we  consider  that  Darius  reigned  only  two  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  by  a  seven  years'  insanity  and 
years  ;  and  ver.  1,  2,  seems  to  allude  to  the  division  degradation  ;  and  at  the  moment  when  his  majesty 
of  his  empire  immediately  on  his  elevation.  It  is  was  insulted,  by  the  impious  profanation  of  the 
not  improbable  that  Daniel,  who  in  the  first  year  vessels  of  his  temple,  a  miraculous  handwriting  on 
of  Darius  (Dan.  ix.  2,  3.),  had  calculated  the  date  the  wall  condemned  the  idolatrous  king,  denounced 
of  the  captivity,  and  the  promised  deliverance  of  his  impending  fate,  and  the  downfall  of  his  empire, 
his  people,  still  continued  to  offer  up  his  prayers  to  And,  last  of  all,  these  wonderful  interpositions  were 
Gad  for  their  speedy  restoration.  He  perceived  no  crowned  by  the  deliverance  of  Daniel  from  the 
prospect  of  their  immediate  return,  and  became  lions'  den.  These  were  not  obscure  or  doubtful 
more  noticed  among  the  satraps  of  the  court  of  transactions,  but  attested  by  the  authentic  decrees 
Persia,  by  his  unusual  dedication  of  himself  to  the  of  the  most  distinguished  monarchs,  and  proclaimed 
service  of  the  God  of  his  fathers.  They  attempted  through  their  wide-extended  dominions:  particu- 
his  ruin  by  the  means  here  related.  The  miracu-  larly  In  the  instances  of  Nebuchadnezzar  (Dan.  iv. 
lous  preservation  of  Daniel,  and  the  consequent  in-  1,  37.  iii.  29  )  ;  and  of  Darius  (Dan.  vi.  25.)  And 
fluencehethereby  obtained  over  the  mind  of  Darius,  the  great  Cyrus  was  so  fully  persuaded,  by  tliese 
was,  in  all  probability,  one  of  the  additional  causes  important  events,  of  the  truth  of  the  Divine  Provi- 
which  led  to  the  decree  of  Cyrus  on  the  death  of  dence,  whose  spirit  had  so  clearly  pointed  out  even 
Darius.  the  particulars  of  his  own  successes,  that  he  be- 

The  captivity  of  Judah  glorified   God  even  from  came  the  active  assistant  in  tlie  restoration   of  the 

its  commencement,  by   accomplishing   the    predic-  Jews  to  their  own  country  :  and  added  another  pub- 

tions  of  the  prophets;  and  during  its  continuance,  lie  testimony  to  the  glory  and  power  of  the  God  of 

God  in  his  mercy,  employed  various  means  to  con-  Israel. — Dr.  Graves. 


1078  DAMEL  IS  CAST  INTO  THE  DEN  OF  LIONS.     [Period  VII. 

d Ps.  55. 17.  .^c.    saleiii,  he  kneeled  upon  his  knees  ''three  times  a  day,  and  prayed,  and 

i!&i6. 9!  ■  gave  thanks  before  his  God,  as  he  did  aforetime.  ^^  Then  these  men 
assembled,  and  found  Daniel  praying  and  making  supplication  before 
his  God.  ^^Then  they  came  near,  and  spake  before  the  king  concerning 
the  king's  decree,  "  Hast  thou  not  signed  a  decree,  that  every  man 
that  shall  ask  a  petition  of  any  God  or  man  within  thirty  days,  save  of 
thee,  O  king!  shall  be  cast  into  the  den  of  lions?"  The  king  an- 
swered and  said,  "  The  thing  is  true,  according  to  the  law  of  the  Medes 
and  Persians,  which  altereth  not."  ^^  Then  answered  they  and  said 
before  the  king,  "  That  Daniel,  which  is  of  the  children  of  the  captivity 
of  Judah,  regardeth  not  thee,  O  king  I  nor  the  decree  that  thou  hast 
signed,  but  maketh  his  petition  three  times  a  day."   ^^Then  the  king, 

« So  Ma.  6.28.  ^ylien  lic  heard  these  words,  'was  sore  displeased  with  himself,  and  set 
his  heart  on  Daniel  to  deliver  him  ;  and  he  labored  till  the  going  down 
of  the  sun  to  deliver  him.  ^^  Then  these  men  assembled  unto  the  king, 
and  said  unto  the  king,  "  Know,  O  king  !  that  the  law  of  the  INIedes 
and  Persians  is, '  That  no  decree  nor  statute  which  the  king  establisheth 
may  l)e  changed.'  "  ^^  Then  the  king  commanded,  and  they  brought 
Daniel,  and  cast  him  into  the  den  of  lions.  Now  the  king  spake  and 
said  unto  Daniel,  '•'  Thy  God  whom  thou  servest  continually,  he  will 
deliver  thee."  ^"  And  a  stone  was  brought,  and  laid  upon  the  mouth 
/So  Mat.  27. 66.  of  the  dcu  ;  -^and  the  king  sealed  it  with  his  own  signet,  and  with  the 
signet  of  his  lords,  that  the  purpose  might  not  be  changed  concerning 
Daniel. 

'^  Then  the  king  went  to  his  palace,  and  passed  the  night  fasting  ; 

*  Or,  tabic.  neither  were  *instruments  of  music  brought  before  him,  and  his  sleep 

went  from  him.  ^^  Then  the  king  arose  very  early  in  the  morning,  and 
went  in  haste  unto  the  den  of  lions.  ^°  And  when  he  came  to  the  den, 
he  cried  with  a  lamentable  voice  unto  Daniel ;  and  the  king  spake  and 
said  to  Daniel,  "  O  Daniel !  servant  of  the  living  God,  is  thy  God, 
whom  thou  servest  continually,  able  to  deliver  thee  from  the  lions  ?  " 
-1  Then  said  Daniel  unto  the  king,  "  O  king,  live  for  ever !  ^-  My  God 

/Heb.  n.33.  hath  sent  his  angel,  and  hath  -shut  the  lions'  mouths,  that  they  have 
not  hurt  me,  forasmuch  as  before  him  innocency  was  found  in  me  ; 
and  also  before  thee,  O  king !  have  I  done  no  hurt."  ^^  Then  was  the 
king  exceeding  glad  for  him,  and  commanded  that  they  should  take 
Daniel  up  out  of  the  den.  So  Daniel  was  taken  up  out  of  the  den, 
and  no  manner  of  hint  was  found  upon  him,  because  he  believed  in  his 

*De.  19. 19.        God. 

2^  And  the  king  commanded,  ''and  they  brought  those  men  which 
had  accused  Daniel,  and  they  cast  them  into  the  den  of  lions,  (them, 

. Est.  9. 10.  See    'their  children,  and  their  wives  ;)  and  the  lions  had  the  mastery  of 

De.24. 16.2K1.  ^j^^i^^^  j^i^j  brake  all  their  bones  in  pieces  or  ever  they  came  at  the  bot- 
tom of  the  den. 

^■^Tlien  king  Darius  wrote  unto  all  people,  nations,  and  languages, 
that  dwell  in  all  the  earth,  "  Peace  be  multiplied  unto  you  !  ^e  I  niake 
a  decree.  That  in  every  dominion  of  my  kingdom  men  tremble  and 
fear  before  the  God  of  Daniel  ;    for  he  is  the  living  God.  and  steadfast 

jLu.  1.33.  for  ever,  and  his  kingdom  that  which  shall  not  be  -'destroyed,  and  his 

dominion  shall  be  even  unto  the  end.  -"  He  delivereth  and  rescueth, 
and  he  worketh  signs  and  wonders  in  heaven  and  in  earth,  who  hath 

tHeb. /uinrf.        delivered  Daniel  from  the  tpower  of  the  lions." 

28  So  this  Daniel  prospered  in  the  reign  of  Darius,  and  in  the  reign 

fcEzrai.  1,2.      of  *Cyrus  tlic  Pcrsiau. 


Part  IV.I 


DECREE  FOR  THE  RETURN  OF  THE  JEWS. 


1079 


SECT.  XX.      Section  XX. — Decree   of  Ci/nis  foi-  the  Return  of  the  Jews  ; — Psalms  on 
—  '       ■  the  Occasion. ^"'^ 

A.  M.   3456. 


i.  C.  53f). 


a  Je.  a5.  12.  i 

29.  10. 
*  Heb.  raiLseii 

voice  to  pass 


b  Is.  44.  28. 
45.  1,  13. 


t  Heb.  lift  him  up. 


Ezra  i.  1-4. — Psalms  cxxvi.  and  Ixxxv. — 2  Chron.  xxxvi.  22,  23. 

^  Now  in  the  first  year  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  that  the  word  of  the 
Lord  "by  the  mouth  of  Jeremiah  might  be  fulfilled,  the  Lord  stirred 
up  the  spirit  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  that  he  *inade  a  proclamation 
throughout  all  his  kingdom,  and  put  it  also  in  writing,  saying,  -"  Thus 
saith  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  The  Lord  God  of  heaven  hath  given  me 
all  the  kingdoms  of  the  earth  ;  and  he  hath  'charged  me  to  build  him 
a  house  at  Jerusalem,  which  is  in  Judah.  ^  Who  is  there  among  you 
of  all  his  people  ?  his  God  be  with  him,  and  let  him  go  up  to  Jerusalem, 
which  is  in  Judah,  and  build  the  house  of  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  (he 
is  the  God,)  which  is  in  Jerusalem.  ■*  And  whosoever  remaineth  in  any 
place  where  he  sojourneth,  let  the  men  of  his  place  thelp  him  with 
silver,  and  with  goid,  and  with  goods,  and  with  beasts,  besides  the 
freewill  oftering  for  the  house  of  God  that  is  in  Jerusalem." 


PS.   CXXVI. 


*  Heb.  returned 
the  relurniuir  of 
Zion,  Ps.  53.  (i. 
&  85.  1.  Ho.  6. 
11.  Joels.  1. 

a  Ac.  12.  9. 

JJob8.  21. 

t  Heb.  hath  ma<r- 
nified  to  do  with 
them. 


PSALM  CXXVI  (61) 

Hie  Church,  celebrating  her  incredible  return  out  of  captivilij,  4  ■prayethfor,  and  prophesieth 

the  goad  success  thereof. 

A  Song  of  Degrees. 

^  When  the  Lord  *turned  again  the  captivity  of  Zion, 

We  "were  like  them  that  dream. 
2  Then  ''was  our  mouth  filled  with  laughter. 

And  our  tongue  with  singing : 

Then  said  they  among  the  heathen, 

"  The  I^ORD  thath  done  great  things  for  them." 
^  The  I-jOrd  hath  done  great  things  for  us, 

Whereof  we  are  glad. 

^  Turn  again  our  captivity,  O  Lord  ! 

As  the  streams  in  the  south. 


(8")  After  the  death  of  Darius  the  Median,  Cyrus 
returned  to  Babylon,  and  took  on  him  the  whole 
government  of  the  empire  ;  over  which  he  reigned, 
as  sole  monarch,  seven  years.  The  seventy  years' 
captivity,  prophesied  by  Jeremiah,  had  now  just  ex- 
pired, computing  it  from  the  fourth  of  Jehoiakim  ; 
and  on  the  same  month  on  which  it  began,  Cyrus, 
in  the  first  year  of  his  reign,  granted  a  public  decree 
for  the  rebuilding  of  the  temple  and  the  return  of 
the  Jews  into  their  own  land. — See  Prideaux,  vol. 
i.  p   183  ;  and  Ezra  i.  1. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  but  that  Daniel  obtained 
from  Cyrus  this  decree  in  favor  of  the  Jews.  The 
fame  of  Daniel  had  extended  itself  all  over  the 
east ;  and  his  recent  interpretation  of  the  wonderful 
handwriting  on  the  wall  must  have  materially  in- 
creased his  reputation.  As  soon,  therefore,  as 
Cyrus  had  taken  possession  of  Babylon,  he  sent  for 
Daniel,  and  corisulted  with  him  as  to  the  best 
measures  for  the  settlement  of  the  government ; 
and,  on  this  occasion,  he  gave  so  much  satisfaction, 
that  Cyrus  soon  after  made  him  his  minister  of 
state  over  all  the  provinces  of  the  Babylonian  em- 
pire. When  Cyrus  returned  from  his  Syrian  expe- 
dition to  Babylon,  he  found  that  Daniel  was  held  in 
the  highest  favor  and  esteem  by  his  uncle  Darius 
the  Median  ;  and  that  his  fame  was  very  much 
increased  by  his  miraculous  preservation  in  the 
lions'  den.  There  is  every  reason,  therefore,  to 
suppose  that  the  prophet  availed  himself  of  this 
moment  of  popularity,  and  used  all  his  influence 
and  authority  to  bring  about  the  restoration  of  his 
people.  Josephus  informs  us,  that  Cyrus  was  ac- 
quainted with  the  prophecies  of  Isaiah  ;  and  that 
he  was  so,  is  evident  from  the  decree  itself:  '•  He 
hath  charged  me  to  build  him  a  house  at  Jerusa- 


lem," (v.  2.)  It  is  only  natural,  therefore,  to  con- 
clude that  Daniel,  who  was  so  much  interested  in 
their  accomplishment,  and  who  had  such  constant 
access  to  the  king,  should  lay  before  him  those  pre- 
dictions (Isaiah  xliv.  28,  and  xiv.  1,)  which  called 
him  by  name,  and  foretold  his  high  destiny,  so  many 
years  before  he  was  born.  Seventy  years  were 
now  nearly  elapsed  since  the  Jews  were  first  carried 
out  of  Jud-.ra  by  Nebuchadnezzar,  to  people  and 
strengthen  Babylon;  and  now,  at  their  close,  under 
the  Persian  government,  the  weakening  and  dis- 
peopling of  that  same  city  might  be  a  strong  reaL^on 
for  their  being  sent  back  again  to  their  own  coun- 
try. No  wise  prince  would  ever  desire  that  any 
part  of  his  dominions  should  remain  unpeopled  : 
who,  then,  could  be  more  proper  again  to  plant  the 
desolated  country  of  Judaga  than  its  former  inhabi- 
tants .''  But,  whatever  secondary  causes  operated 
on  the  mind  of  Cyrus,  God's  overruling  power, 
which  stirreth  up  the  hearts  of  princes  according  to 
his  will,  brought  it  to  pass,  that  in  the  first  year  of 
Cyrus'  monarchy  over  the  east,  he  issued  his  royal 
decree  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  temple  and  the  re- 
turn of  the  Jews  into  their  own  country  ;  thereby 
fulfilling  the  prophecy  of  Jeremiah  xxv.  11,  "  and 
these  nations  shall  serve  the  king  of  Babylon 
seventy  years." — Prideaux's  Connection, 'p.  18.5,  &c. 

(6')  Psalm  cxxvi.  There  is  little  doubt  that  this 
Psalm  was  composed  on  tiie  return  of  the  Jews, 
from  their  captivity  in  Babylon  :  the  internal  evi- 
dence almost  demonstrates  it. — Vide  Bishop  Home  ; 
Travell ;  Dr.  Wells. 

That  Psalm  Ixxxv.  was  likewise  written  on  the 
same  occasion  is  evident  from  ver.  1. — Dimock  , 
Poole's  Annotations. 


1080 


DECREE  FOR  THE  RETURN  OF  THE  JEWS.     [Period  VII. 


c?eeJe.3i.9,       5  ^\^Qy  ^that  SOW  ill  tears 

X  Or,  sinking.  Shall  Tcap  in  tjoy. 

^  He  that  goeth  forth  and  weepeth, 

*  Or,  seed  basket.       Bearing  -precious  seed, 

Shall  doubtless  come  again  with  rejoicing, 
BringiniT  his  sheaves  with  him. 


PS.   LXXXV. 


*  Or,  of.  Ps.  42, 
title. 
[Or,  icell  pleased, 


a  Je.  30.  18.  & 
31.  2H.  Ez.  39. 
05.  Jo,;l  3.  1. 


I  Or,  thine  anger 
from  waring  hot, 
De.  13.  17. 


c  Hab.  2.  1. 

d  Zee.  9.  10. 

e  2  Pe.  2.  20,  21. 

/Is.  43.  13. 

g  Zee.  2.  5.  Jo. 
1.  14. 

ft  Ps.  72.  3.  Is.  32. 
17.  Lu.  2.  14. 

i  Is.  45.  8. 

jJa.  1.  17. 


PSALM   LXXXV. 

The  psalmist,  out  of  the  experience  of  former  mercies,  prayeth  for  the  contimiance  thereof.     8  He 

proniiseth  to  wait  thereon,  out  of  confidence  of  God's  goodness. 

To  ihe  chief  .Musician,  a  Psalm  *for  llie  sons  of  Korah. 

^  Lord,  thou  hast  been  ^favorable  unto  thy  land, 

Thou  hast  "brought  back  the  captivity  of  Jacob. 
2  Thou  hast  forgiven  the  iniiiuity  of  thy  people, 

Thou  hast  covered  all  their  sin.      Selah  ! 
^  Thou  hast  taken  away  all  thy  wrath, 

Thou  hast  turned  tthyself  from  the  fierceness  of  thine  anger. 
■*  Turn  us,  O  God  of  our  salvation  ! 

And  cause  thine  anger  toward  us  to  cease. 
^  Wilt  thou  be  angry  with  us  for  ever  ? 

Wilt  thou  draw  out  thine  anger  to  all  generations? 
^  Wilt  thou  not  ''revive  us  again. 

That  thy  people  may  rejoice  in  thee  ? 
■'  Show  us  thy  mercy,  O  Lord, 

And  grant  us  thy  salvation. 

^  I  'will  hear  what  God  the  Lord  will  speak  ; 

For  "he  will  speak  peace  unto  his  people,  and  to  his  saints ; 

But  let  them  not  'turn  again  to  folly. 
^  Surely  Hiis  salvation  is  nigh  them  that  fear  him, 

That  °' glory  may  dwell  in  our  land. 
1"  Mercy  and  truth  are  met  together. 

Righteousness  'and  peace  have  kissed  each  other. 
^^  Truth  'shall  spring  out  of  the  earth, 

And  righteousness  shall  look  down  from  heaven. 
^-  Yea,  ^ the  Lord  shall  give  that  which  is  good, 

And  our  land  shall  yield  her  increase. 
^■^  Righteousness  shall  go  before  him. 

And  shall  set  us  in  the  way  of  his  steps. 

2  Chronicles  xxxvi.  22,  23.— ^^  Now  in  the  first  year  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  that  the 
word  of  the  Lord  spoken  by  the  mouth  of  Jeremiah  might  be  accomplished,  the  Lord 
stirred  up  the  spirit  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  that  he  made  a  proclamation  throughout  all 
his  kingdom,  and  put  it  also  in  writing,  saying,  "^  "  Thus  saith  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  All 
the  kingdoms  of  the  earth  hath  the  Lord  God  of  heaven  given  me;  and  he  hath  charged 
me  to  build  him  a  house  in  Jerusalem,  which  is  in  Judah.  Who  is  there  among  you  of 
ail  his  people .'     The  Lord  his  God  be  with  him,  and  let  him  go  up." 


I-] 


RETURN  OF  THE  JEWS  FROM  CAPTIVITY. 


1081 


PERIOD    VIII. 

FROM  THE  TERMINATION  OF  THE  BABYLONISH  CAPTIVITY,  TO 
THE  REFORMATION  OF  WORSHIP  BY  NEHEMIAH,  AND  THE 
COMPLETION  OF  THE  CANON  OF  THE  OLD  TESTAMENT 
BY   SIMON   THE  JUST. 


PART    I. 

FROM  THE   DECREE   OF   CYRUS,   TO   THE   DEDICATION   OF   THE 
SECOND   TEMPLE. 

Section  I. — Return  of  the  Jews  from  their  Captivity  ; — Psalms  composed 
on  the  Occasion. 


A.  M.   3468 
B.  C.  536. 


Ezra 


3,  to  the  end,  ii.,  and  iii.  1-7. (D 
7  Cyrus  restoreth  the  i^essels  of  the  temple  to  Sheshbazzar. 


That  is,  helped 


The  people  provide  for  their  returt 

Chap.  ii.  1  The  number  that  return,  o/ the  people,  36  of  the  priests,  40  of  the  Levites,  43  of  the 
Nethinims,  bo  of  Solomon's  servants,  61  of  the  priests  ivhich  could  not  show  their  pedigree.  64 
The  whole  number  of  them,  wiili  their  S7ibstanr.e.  68  Their  oblations.  —  Chap.  iii.  1  The  altar  is 
set  up.     4  Offerings  renewed.     7  Workmen  prepared. 

^  THEN  rose  up  the  chief  of  the  fathers  of  Judah  and  Benjamin,  and 
the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  with  all  them  whose  "spirit  God  had 
raised,  to  go  up  to  build  the  house  of  the  Lord  which  is  in  Jerusalem. 
^And  all  they  that  were  about  them   *strengthened  their  hands  with 


(')  The  Book  of  Ezra  derives  its  name  from  its 
author,  who  was  a  descendant  of  Seraiah  the  high 
priest,  slain  by  Nebuchadnezzar  when  he  burnt  the 
city  and  temple  of  Jerusalem.  It  is  written  in 
Chaldee  from  the  eighth  verse  of  the  fourth  chapter 
to  the  twenty-seventh  verse  of  tlie  seventh  chapter  ; 
as  this  part  of  the  work  contains  letters  and  public 
decrees  given  in  that  language  ;  Ezra,  as  a  faithful 
historian,  records  them  in  the  very  words  whicJi 
were  originally  used  ;  more  particularly,  perhaps, 
as  the  Jews,  from  their  long  continuance  in  Baby- 
lon, were  more  accustomed  to  the  Chaldee  than 
even  to  the  Hebrew  tongue.  It  is  probable,  like- 
wise, at  this  time  the  Chaldee  paraphrases  began 
to  be  used,  for  it  appears,  Nehem.  viii.  2,  3,  8,  that 
some  could  not  understand  the  Law,  which  may 
signify  they  had  forgotten  the  Hebrew  language 
during  their  captivity.  It  is  evident  that  the  author 
of  the  Book  of  Ezra  was  personally  present  at  the 
transactions  mentioned  in  it,  the  narrative  being  in 
the  first  person.  It  also  bears  upon  the  face  of  it 
every  character  of  natural  simplicity,  and  contains 
more  particulars  of  time,  persons,  and  places,  than 
could  have  been  introduced  by  any  other  individual. 
Tliat  the  last  four  chapters  of  this  book  were  written 
by  Ezra  himself  there  can  be  no  doubt,  as  he  par- 
ticularly describes  himself  in  the  beginning  of  the 
seventh  chapter,  and  likewise  frequently  introduces 
himself  in  the  subsequent  chapters.  The  Jews,  in- 
deed, ascribe  the  whole  of  this  book  to  Ezra,  and 
their  opinion  is  adopted  by  most  Christian  commen- 
tators. But  as  the  writer  of  the  first  six  chapters 
appears,  from  chap.  v.  4,  to  have  been  at  Jerusalem 
in  the  reign  of  Darius  Hystaspes,  and  it  appears 
from  the  beginning  of  the  seventh  chapter  that  Ezra 
did  not  go  thither  until  the  reign  of  Artaxerxes 
Longimanus,  (a  distance  of  sixty  years,)  some  per- 
sons have  ascribed  the  first  six  chapters  to  a  more 
ancient  author.  This,  however,  does  not  necessa- 
rily follow  ;  and  we  apprehend  it  will  appear  that 
these  chapters  were  written  by  Ezra  as  well  as  the 
last  four,  for  possibly  Ezra,  after  having  accompa- 
nied Zerubbabel  in  the  first  return  of  the  captivity, 
might  have  been  again  sent  up  to  Babylon  to  coun- 
teract the  representations  of  those  who  opposed, 
at  the  Persian  court,  the  rebuilding  of  the  city  and 
the  temple  ;  and  the  account  of  his  departure, 
given  in  the  seventh  chapter,  perhaps  refers  only 

VOL.  I.  136 


to  his  going  up  with  that  commission  and  power 
which  he  received  from  Artaxerxes.  But  whether 
Ezra  were,  or  were  not  at  Jerusalem  at  the  time 
when  this  answer  was  made  to  Tatnai,  (chap.  iv. 
5.)  "  We  said  unto  them,"  he  may  well  be  con- 
ceived, if  not  actually  present  at  the  time,  either  as 
copying  a  public  record  of  the  transaction,  or  as  re- 
lating the  speech  of  his  countryman  on  that  occa- 
sion. The  same  method  of  narration  is  observable 
throughout  this  book  ;  in  the  latter  part  of  it  (chap, 
vii.  l'2-26)  the  royal  decree  is  inserted  entire,  in 
the  Chaldee  dialect ;  so,  likewise,  in  the  first  part, 
we  find  the  edict  of  Cyrus,  the  epistle  of  the  Sa- 
maritans, and  the  reply,  together  with  part  of  the 
fourth  chapter,  arc  also  given  in  Chaldee.  And  it  is 
not  likely  that  a  short  historical  compendium,  like 
the  Book  of  Ezra,  should  be  the  work  of  more  than 
one  author  ;  nor  ought  we  to  assign  it  to  several 
authors,  unless  we  had  either  express  declaration 
or  internal  evidence  that  they  were  concerned  in 
it;  all  these  evidences  are  wanting  in  the  Book 
of  Ezra. 

This  book  is  a  continuation  of  the  Jewish  history, 
from  the  time  at  which  the  Chronicles  conclude  :  it 
begins  with  a  repetition  of  the  two  verses  which 
terminate  the  Book  of  Chronicles.  The  first  six 
chapters  relate  the  return  of  the  Jews  under  Zerub- 
babel, after  their  appointed  period  of  captivity  ;  their 
reestablishment  in  Judcea,  and  the  rebuilding  and 
dedication  of  the  temple  in  Jerusalem.  The  last 
four  chapters  give  an  account  of  the  appointment 
of  Ezra  to  the  government  of  Judcea  by  Artaxerxes 
Longimanus  ;  his  return  to  his  own  country  from 
Babylon  ;  the  disobedience  of  the  Jews  ;  and  the 
reformation  he  effected  among  them.  The  Book 
of  Ezra  harmonizes  most  strictly  wilh  the  prophe- 
cies of  Haggai  and  Zechariah,  which  it  materially 
elucidates,  (compare  Ezra  v.  with  Hagg.  i.  12.  and 
Zcch.  iv.  1.)  It  evinces  the  paternal  care  of  Jeho- 
vah over  his  chosen  people,  whose  history  it  relates 
from  the  time  of  the  edict  issued  by  Cyrus,  to  the 
twentieth  year  of  Artaxerxes  Longimanus,  a  period 
of  about  seventy-nine  years.  Ezra  is  reported  by 
some  traditionary  accounts  to  have  died  in  the  120th 
year  of  his  age,  and  to  have  been  buried  at  Jerusa- 
lem :  though  others  say  that  he  died  in  Persia,  and 
was  buried  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Samura,  where 
his  tomb  is  shown. — Gray  and  Home  in  loc. 
4  M 


1082 


RETURN  OF  THE  JEWS  FROM  CAPTIVITY.      [Period  VIIL 


b  2  Ki.  %i.  13. 

2  Cli.  36.  7. 


t  Heb.  the  trajts- 
porUUion. 
e  Neh.  7.  6,  &c. 

d  2Ki.  24. 14-16. 

&25.  11.  2Ch. 

xxxvi. 
1     Or,     Azariah, 

Neh.  7.  7. 
♦  Or,  Raamiah. 
f  Or,  Misperctk. 
J  Or,  JVehum. 


e  See  Ne.  7.  10. 
/Ne.7.  U. 


t  Or,  Hariph, 

Ne.  7.  24. 


J  Or,  Gibeon, 
Neh.  7.  25. 


*  Or,  Belhazma- 
vetk,  Neh.  7.  28. 


vessels  of  silver,  with  gold,  with  goods,  and  with  beasts,  and  with  pre- 
cious things,  besides  all  that  was  willingly  offered. 

"Also  Cyrus  the  king  brought  forth  the  vessels  of  the  house  of  the 
Lord,  ''which  Nebuchadnezzar  had  brought  forth  out  of  Jerusalem, 
and  had  put  them  in  the  house  of  his  gods  ;  ^  even  those  did  Cyrus 
king  of  Persia  bring  forth  by  the  hand  of  Mithredath  the  treasurer, 
and  numbered  them  unto  Sheshbazzar,  the  prince  of  Judah.  ^  And 
this  is  the  number  of  them  :  thirty  chargers  of  gold,  a  thousand  char- 
gers of  silver,  nine  and  twenty  knives,  ^^  thirty  basons  of  gold,  silver 
basons  of  a  second  sort  four  hundred  and  ten,  and  other  vessels  a 
thousand.  ^^  All  the  vcs.sels  of  gold  and  of  silver  were  five  thousand 
and  four  hundred.  '^^AU  these  did  Sheshbazzar  bring  up  with  them 
of  tthe  captivity  that  were  brought  up  from  Babylon  unto  Jerusalem. 

'  Now  'these  are  the  children  of  the  province  that  went  Ezra  ii. 

up  out  of  the  captivity,  of  those  which  had  been  carried 
away,  ''whom  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  of  Babylon  had  carried  away 
unto  Babylon,  and  came  again  unto  Jerusalem  and  Judah,  every  one 
unto  his  city  ;  ^  which  came  with  Zerubbabel:  Jeshua,  Nehemiah,  JSera- 
iah,  *Reelaiah,  Mordecai,  Bilshan,  iMizpar,  Bigvai,  tR-ehum,  Baanah, 
The  number  of  the  men  of  the  people  of  Israel :  -^  The  children  of  Pa- 
rosh,  two  thousand  an  hundred  seventy  and  two.  ''  The  children  of 
Shephatiah,  three  hundred  seventy  and  two.  ^  The  children  of  Arah, 
'seven  hundred  seventy  and  five.  ^  The  children  of  ^Pahath-nioab,  of 
the  children  of  Jeshua  and  Joab,  two  thousand  eight  hundred  and 
twelve.  'The  children  of  Elam,  a  thousand  two  hundred  fifty  and 
four.  ^  The  children  of  Zattu,  nine  hundred  forty  and  five.  ^  The 
children  of  Zaccai,  seven  hundred  and  threescore.  ^^  The  children  of 
*Bani,  six  hundred  forty  and  two.  ^^  The  children  of  Bebai,  si.v  hun- 
dred twenty  and  three.  ^~  The  children  of  Azgad,  a  thousand  two 
hundred  twenty  and  two.  ^'^The  children  of  Adonikam,  six  hundred 
sixty  and  six.  ^^The  children  of  Bigvai,  two  thousand  fifty  and  six. 
^^  The  children  of  Adin,  four  hundred  fifty  and  four.  ^'^  The  children 
of  Ater  of  Hezekiah,  ninety  and  eight.  ^^  The  children  of  Bezai,  three 
hundred  twenty  and  three.  ^®  The  children  of  t  Jorah  an  hundred  and 
twelve.  1^  The  children  of  Hashum,  two  hundred  twenty  and  three. 
2"  The  children  of  tGibbar,  ninety  and  five,  ^i  The  cliildren  of  Beth- 
lehem, an  hundred  twenty  and  three.  ^^The  men  of  Netophah,  fifty 
and  six.  ^^The  men  of  Anathoth,  an  hundred  twenty  and  eight. 
^■^  The  children  of  *Azmaveth,  forty  and  two.  -^The  children  of  Kir- 
jath-arim,  Chephirah,  and  Beeroth,  seven  hundred  and  forty  and 
three.  -"  The  children  of  Ramah  and  Gaba,  six  hundred  twenty  and 
one.  2'  The  men  of  Michmas,  an  hundred  twenty  and  two.  -^  The 
men  of  Beth-el  and  Ai,  two  hundred  twenty  and  three.  ^^  The  chil- 


es) The  several  events  related  in  this  eighth 
Period,  are  chiefly  arranged  in  the  order  assigned 
to  them  by  Prideaux.  and  sanctioned  by  the  high 
anthorities  of  Bishop  Tomline,  Dr.  Hales,  Dr. 
Adam  Clarke,  and  others. 

Every  circumstance  which  took  place  at  this 
interesting  moment,  wlien  the  captives  were  about 
to  return  to  their  own  land,  seems  intended  to  prove 
to  the  Jews  the  peculiar  providence  which  had 
watched  over  their  nation.  The  conquests  of  Cyrus 
had  brought  about  a  universal  peace ;  so  that  no 
interruption  was  apprehended  by  the  exiles  on 
their  return  to  Judiea.  The  decree  itself,  of  Cyrus, 
was  obtained  inconsequence  of  the  high  reputation 
of  Daniel,  and  the  perusal  of  the  prophecies  of 
Isaiah,  in  which  he  was  mentioned  by  name.  The 
reputation  of  Daniel  had  been  raised  to  its  present 
eminence  by  a  series  of  astonishing  events ;  which 
impressed  the  heathen  nation  with  awe,  and  seemed 


to  eradicate  from  the  breasts  of  the  Jews  the  least 
remaining  tendency  to  idolatry.  And  now  on  the 
publication  of  tlie  decree  of  Cyrus,,  another  predic- 
tion of  their  prophet  Jeremiah  was  fulfilled,  Jer. 
-x.wii.  2\,  22.  "The  vessels  that  remain  in  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  shall  be  carried  to  Babylon,  and 
there  shall  they  be  till  the  day  that  I  visit  them, 
saith  the  Lord ;  then  will  I  bring  them  up,  and  re- 
store them  to  this  place."  The  Jews,  in  this  in- 
stance, must  have  been  clearly  convinced  that  noth- 
ing but  Divine  inspiration  could  have  foreseen  an 
event  so  in\probable,  as  the  preservation  of  the 
golden  vessels  of  the  temple  from  the  rapacity 
and  impious  sacrilege  of  the  various  idolatrous  mon- 
archs  into  whose  hands  they  must  have  successive- 
ly fallen ;  and  at  last,  after  the  exjjiration  of 
seventy  years,  be  voluntarily  restored  to  their 
rightful  possessors. 


Part  1.] 


I  Or,  Harid, 
is  in  some 
copies. 


g-  1  Ch.  24.  7. 
*  1  Ch.  24.  ]4. 
t  1  Ch.  9.  12. 
j  1  Ch.  24.  a 


J  Or,  Juilah,  ch. 
3.  9.  called  also 
Hodevah,  Nell. 
7.43. 


ii  1  Ch.  9.  2. 

*  Or,  Sia. 

f  Or,  Shamlai. 


*  Or,  Bazlitli, 
Neh.  7.  54. 


RETURN  OF  THE  JEWS  PROM  CAPTIVITY. 


1083 


1  Or,  ^mon,  Ne. 

7.59. 
ra  Jos.  9.21,27. 

1  Ch.  9.  2. 

*  Or,  Addon, 
Ne.  7.  61. 
t  Or,  pedigree. 


n  2  Sa.  17.  27. 

o  Nu.  3.  10. 

J  Heb.  Ihey  were 

polluted  from  the 

priesthood. 
*  Or,  crovernor : 

see  Ne.  8.  9. 
p  Le.  22.  2,  10, 

15,  16. 
g  Ex.  28.  30.  Nu, 

27.  21. 
r  Ne.  7.  67. 


dren  of  Nebo,  fifty  and  two.  ^°The  children  of  Magbish,  an  hundred 
fifty  and  six.  ^^  The  children  of  the  other  Elam,  a  thousand  two  hun- 
dred fifty  and  four.  ^~The  children  of  Harim,  three  hundred  and 
twenty.  ^^^The  children  of  Lod,  tHadid,  and  Ono,  seven  hundred 
twenty  and  five.  ^^  The  children  of  Jericho,  three  hundred  forty  and  five. 
=^5  The  children  of  Senaah,  three  thousand  and  six  hundred  and  thirty. 
3*^  The  priests  :  the  children  of  "Jedaiah,  of  the  house  of  Jeshua,  nine 
hundred  seventy  and  three.  ^7  The  children  of  ''Immer,  a  thousand 
fifty  and  two.  ^^  The  children  of  Tashur,  a  thousand  two  hundred 
forty  and  seven.  ^^The  children  of 'Harim,  a  thousand  and  seventeen. 
""  The  Levites  :  the  children  of  Jeshua  and  Kadmiel,  of  the  children 
of  tHodaviah,  seventy  and  four. 

41  The  singers :  the  children  of  Asaph,  an  hundred  twenty  and  eight. 
"2  The  children  of  the  porters  :  the  children  of  Shallum,  the  children 
of  Ater,  the  children  of  Talmon,  the  children  of  Akkub,  the   children 
of  Hatita,  the  children  of  Shobai,  in  all  an  hundred  thirty  and  nine. 

43  The  *^Nethinims  :  the  children  of  Ziha,  the  children  of  Hasupha, 
the  children  of  Tabbaoth,  ^4  the  children  of  Keros,  the  children  of 
*Siaha,  the  children  of  Padon,  ^Hhe  children  of  Lebanah,  the  children 
of  Hagabah,  the  children  of  Akkub,  ^e  the  children  of  Hagab,  the  chil- 
dren of  tShalmai,  the  children  of  Hanan,  ^^  the  children  of  Giddel,  the 
children  of  Gahar,  the  children  of  Reaiali,  ^s  the  children  of  Rezin, 
the  children  of  Nekoda,  the  children  of  Gazzam,  ^^the  children  of 
Uzza,  the  children  of  Paseah,  the  children  of  Besai,  ^^  the  children  of 
Asnah,  the  children  of  Mehunim,  the  children  of  tNephusim,  ^^  the 
children  of  Bakbuk,  the  children  of  Hakupha,  the  children  of  Harhur, 
^2  the  children  of  *Bazluth,  the  children  of  Mehida,  the  children  of 
Harsha,  ^^  the  children  of  Barkos,  the  children  of  Sisera,  the  children 
of  Thamah,  ^^  the  children  of  Neziah,  the  children  of  Hatipha. 

•55 The  children  of  'Solomon's  servants:  the  children  of  Sotai,  the 
children  of  Sophereth,  the  children  of  iPeruda,  ^^  the  children  of  Jaa- 
lah,  the  children  of  Darkon,  the  children  of  Giddel,  ^^  the  children  of 
Shephatiah,  the  children  of  Hattil,  the  children  of  Pochereth  of  Zeba- 
im,  the  children  of  tAmi.  ^^  All  the  "Nethinims,  and  the  children  of 
Solomon's  servants,  were  three  hundred  ninety  and  two. 

^^  And  these  were  they  which  went  up  from  Tel-melah,  Tel-harsa, 
Cherub,  *Addan,  and  Tmmer  ;  but  they  could  not  show  their  father's 
house,  and  their  fseed,  whether  they  were  of  Israel.  '^°  The  children  of 
Delaiah,  the  children  of  Tobiah,  the  children  of  Nekoda,  six  hundred 
fifty  and  two. 

61  And  of  the  children  of  the  priests  :  the  children  of  Habaiah,  the 
children  of  Koz,  the  children  of  Barzillai ;  which  took  a  wife  of  the 
daughters  of  "Barzillai  the  Gileadite,  and  was  called  after  their  name. 
^^  These  sought  their  register  among  those  that  were  reckoned  by- 
genealogy,  but  they  were  not  found  ;  "therefore  Iwere  they,  as  pol- 
luted, put  from  the  priesthood.  ^^  And  the  *Tirshatha  said  unto  them, 
that  they  ''should  not  eat  of  the  most  holy  things,  till  there  stood  up  a 
priest  with  'Urim  and  with  Thummim. 

*^4  The  '"whole  congregation  together  was  forty  and  two  thousand 
three  hundred  and"^  threescore,  "^^  besides  their  servants  and  their  maids, 


(3)  Some  degree  of  surprise  may  perhaps  be  ex- 
cited, that  not  more  of  the  Jews  returned  to  their 
own  land.  The  circumstance,  however,  may  be 
easily  accounted  for,  when  we  consider  the  motives 
which  are  generally  most  powerful  in  their  influ- 
ence over  the  human  mind.  The  Jews  who  were 
taken  captive  to  Babylon,  had  been  commanded  by 
their  prophet  Jeremiah  to  seek  the  peace  of  the 
land   where   they  were  about  to  sojourn,  to  build 


houses,  and  to  plant  vineyards.  They  were  re- 
ceived at  an  early  period  of  their  captivity  into  the 
peculiar  favor  of  the  kings  of  Babylon,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  miraculous  interposition  of  a  Supreme 
Providence  in  favor  of  Daniel ;  it  is  not  therefore 
to  be  wondered  at,  that  so  many  of  the  Jews  pre- 
ferred the  luxury  and  ease  of  Babylon,  to  the  labors, 
the  difficulties,  and  hardships  to  "which  they  would 
be    exposed,   by  returning  to  their   now 


1084 


RETURN  OF  THE  JEWS  FROM  CAPTIVITY.     [Pf 


Vtll. 


of  whom  there  were  seven  thousand  three  hundred  thirty  and  seven ; 
and  there  were  anions  them  two  hundred  singing  men  and  singing 
women.  '^'^  Tlieir  horses  were  seven  hundred  tliirty  and  six  ;  their  mules, 
two  hundred  forty  and  five  ;  ^'  their  camels,  four  hundred  thirty  and 
five ;  their  asses,  six  thousand  seven  hundred  and  twenty. 

^^And  some  of  the  chief  of  the  fathers,  when  they  came  to  the 
house  of  the  Lord  which  is  at  Jerusalem,  'oflered  freely  for  the  house 
of  God  to  set  it  up  in  his  place.  ^^  They  gave  after  their  ability  unto 
the  treasure  of  the  work  threescore  and  one  thousand  drams  of  gold, 
and  five  thousand  pounds  of  silver,  and  one  hundred  priests'  garments. 
''^  So  the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  and  some  of  the  people,  and  the 
singers,  and  the  porters,  and  the  Nethinims,  dwelt  in  their  cities,  and 
all  Israel  in  their  cities. 

^  And  when  the  seventh  month  was  come,  and  the  chil-  Ezra  iii.  1-7. 
dren  of  Israel  were  in  the  cities,  the  people  gathered 
themselves  together  as  one  man  to  Jerusalem.  -  Then  stood  up  t  Jeshua 
the  son  of  Jozadak,  and  his  brethren  the  priests,  and  tZerubbabel  the 
son  of  'Shealtiel,  and  his  brethren,  and  budded  the  altar  of  the  God 
of  Israel,  to  ofler  burnt  oflerings  thereon,  as  it  is  "written  in  the  Law 
LuVa.  27.  caTied  of  Moscs  the  man  of  God.  ^  And  they  set  the  altar  upon  his  bases, *'> 
Dris-'s.         for  fear  was  upon  them  because  of  the  people  of  those  countries ;  and 


f  Or,  Joshua. 

Hag.  I.  1.&2.2. 

Zee.  3.  J. 
+  Called  Zoroha- 

bel.  Mat.  1.  12. 

L,u  3.  27. 
t  Mat.  1.  12. 


country.  The  higher  ranks  preferred  the  splendor 
and  luxuries  of  the  court  of  Persia ;  the  lower 
classes,  the  quiet  enjoyment  of  their  homes.  Few 
were  found  with  sutficient  attachment  for  their  re- 
ligious principles,  or  zeal  for  the  restoration  of  their 
ecclesiastical  and  civil  polity,  and  their  reunion  as 
an  independent  nation,  as  to  induce  them  to  ex- 
change the  attractions  of  Babylon  for  the  dangers 
and  trials  incident,  even  under  the  most  favorable 
circumstances,  to  their  reestablishment  in  Judsea. 

Among  the  comparatively  few  who  took  advan- 
tage of  the  decree  of  Cyrus  must  be  enumerated, 
not  only  the  tribes  of'Judah  and  Benjamin,  but 
several  likewise  of  the  other  tribes,  who  were  car- 
ried away  by  Tiglath-pileser,  Salmaneser.and  Esar- 
haddon  ;  who  still  retained  the  true  worship  of  God 
in  a  strange  land,  and  did  not  go  into  the  idolatrous 
usages  and  impieties  of  the  heathens,  among  whom 
they  were  dispersed,  but  joined  themselves  to  the 
Jews,  when,  by  a  like  captivity,  they  were  brought 
into  the  same  parts ;  and  some,  after  all  the  Assyr- 
ian captivities,  were  still  left  in  tlie  land.  For  we 
find  some  of  them  still  there  in  the  time  of  Josiah 
(2Chron.xxxiv.  9,andxxxv.  18),  and  they  suffered 
the  Babylonish  captivity,  as  well  as  the  Jews, 
till  at  length  they  were  wholly  carried  away  in  the 
last  of  them  by  Nebuzar-adan,  in  the  twenty-third 
year  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  (Jer.  Iii.  30.)  And  many 
of  them  had  long  before  left  their  tribes  for  their 
religion  {2  Chron.  xi.  IG,  xv.  0,  and  xxxi.  6,)  and, 
incorporating  themselves  with  their  brethren  of 
Judah  and  Benjamin,  dwelt  in  their  cities,  and 
there  fell  into  the  same  calamity  with  them  in  their 
captivity  under  the  Babylonians  And  of  all  these 
a  great  number  availed  themselves  of  this  decree 
to^return  and  dwell  in  their  own  cities  ;  for  both 
Cyrus'  decree,  as  well  as  that  of  Artaxerxes,  ex- 
tended to  all  the  house  of  Israel.  The  decree  of  Ar- 
taxerxes (Ezra  vii.  13)  is,  by  the  name,  to  all  the 
people  of  Israel,  and  that  of  Cyrus  (Ezra  i.  :'.)  is  to 
all  the  people  of  the  God  of" Israel,  that  is,  as  ap- 
p'^ars  bj  the  text,  to  all  those  that  worshipped  God 
at  Jerusalem,  which  must  be  understood  of  the 
people  of  Israel,  as  well  as  of  Judah ;  for  that  tem- 
ple was  built  for  botli,  and  both  had  an  equal  right 
to  worship  God  there.  And  therefore  Ezra,  when 
he  returned,  in  the  reign  of  Artaxerxes  Longiman- 
us.  sent  a  copy  of  the  king's  decree,  whereby  that 
favor  was  granted  him  though  all  Media,  where  the 


ten  tribes  were  in  captivity,  as  well  as  through  all 
Chaldea  and  Assyria,  where  the  Jews  were  in  cap- 
tivity ;  which  plainly  implies,  that  both  of  them 
were  included  in  that  decree,  and  that  being  a  re- 
newal of  the  decree  of  Cyrus,  both  must  be  under- 
stood of  the  same  extent.  And  we  are  told  in 
Scripture,  that,  after  the  captivity  (1  Chron.  ix. 
3),  some  of  the  children  of  Ephraim  and  Manasseh 
dwelt  in  Jerusalem,  as  well  as  those  of  Judah  and 
Benjamin.  And  it  appears  from  several  places  in 
the  New  Testament  (Luke  ii.  30.  James  i.  1, 
Acts  xxvi.  7,),  that  some  of  all  the  tribes  were  still 
in  being  among  the  Jews,  even  to  the  time  of  their 
last  dispersion  "on  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem  by 
the  Romans,  though  then  all  we  recomprehended 
under  the  name  of  Jews,  which,  after  the  Baby- 
lonish captivity,  became  the  general  name  of  the 
whole  nation,  as  that  of  Israelites  was  before.  And 
this  being  premised,  it  solves  the  difficulty  wliich 
arises  from  the  difference  that  is  between  the 
general  number,  and  the  particulars  of  those  that 
returned  upon  Cyrus'  decree.  For  the  general 
number  both  in  Ezra  and  Nehemiah,  is  said  to  be 
42,360  ;  but  the  particulars,  as  reckoned  up  in  their 
several  families  in  Ezra,  amount  only  to  29,818, 
and  in  Nehemiah  to  31,031.  The  meaning  of 
which  is,  they  arc  only  the  tribes  of  Judah,  Benja- 
min, and  Levi,  that  are  reckoned  by  their  families 
in  both  these  places,  the  rest  being  of  the  other 
tribes  of  Israel,  are  numbered  only  in  the  gross 
sum,  and  this  is  that  which  makes  the  gross  sum  so 
much  exceed  the  particulars  in  both  the  computa- 
tions.— Prideaux's  Connection,  vol.  i.  anno  550. 

(■»)  The  undoubted  piety  of  the  Jews  who  re- 
turned to  their  own  country,  was  shown  in  their 
anxiety  to  restore  the  altar  of  God  for  burnt  offering. 
This  altar  stood  in  the  middle  of  the  inner  court  of 
the  temple  of  Solomon,  exactly  before  the  porch 
leading  into  the  holy  place  ;  and  on  this  were  made 
the  dafly  offerings  of  the  morning  and  evening  ser- 
vice, and  all  other  offerings,  ordinary  and  extraordi- 
nary, which  were  offered  up  to  God  by  fire.  It  had 
been  beaten  down  and  destroyed  by  the  Babylo- 
nians at  the  burning  of  the  temple,  and  now  the 
first  exertions  of  the  Jews  were  directed  to  the  re- 
building of  it  in  the  same  plnce  in  which  it  had 
orisrinaily  stood,  and  there  they  daily  offered  sacri- 
fices, before  any  other  part  of  the  temple  was  raised. 
— Prideaux's  Connection,  vol.  i.  p.  187. 


Part  L]  RETURN  OF  THE  JEWS  FROM  CAPTIVITY.  1085 

V  Nu.  28. 3, 4.  they  oirered  burnt  offerings  thereon  unto  the  Lord,  even  "burnt  offer- 
"zec.^4."iy,'iV.'  ings  morning  and  evenhig.  ^  They  kept  also  the  feast  of  Tabernacles, 
z  Ex.  2:3. 16.  "^as  it  is  written,  and  ''offered  the  daily  burnt  offerings  by  number,  ac- 
^^^"L'V^''^'''  cording   to   the   custom,   *as   the   duty  of  every  day  required :   •'"'and 

*  Ueh.  the  matter  »  ,      ,         .      '       .  ,   ,  i\-      •  i         i        r     i 

of  uie  day  ill  his  aftcrward  otiered  the  "contmual  burnt  onermg,  both  oi  the  new-rnoons, 
ze!!29.  36.  Nu.  and  of  all  the  set  feasts  of  the  Lord  that  were  consecrated,  and  of 

&b9' a's'^'*^'  every  one  that  willingly  offered  a  freewill  offering  unto  the  Lord. 
t  Heb.  tkp\empie  ^  From  the   first  day  of  the  seventh  month  began  they  to  offer  burnt 

fo^ye^fofrndT  offcriugs  uuto  tlic  LoRD.  But  tthc  fouudatiou  of  the  temple  of  the 
t  Or,  icorkmcn.     LoRD  was  uot  vct  laid.  ^  They  gave  money  also  unto  the  masons,  and 

"  '  Ki.  5.  6,9.  •'  -  •'    o  -..-•'.      ..  . '.  . 


2  ch.'2.io.  Ac.  to  the  tcarpenters  ;  and  "meat,  and  drink,  and  oil,  unto  them  of  *""Zidon, 
and  to  them  of  Tyre,  to  bring  cedar  trees  from  Lebanon  to  the  sea  of 
'Joppa,  'according  to  the  grant  that  they  had  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia. 


12.  20. 
6  2Ch.2.  16. 

Ac.  9.  3C. 
c  Ezra  6.  3. 


PSALM  CVII.W 


PSALM  CVIt.     The  psalmist  exhorteth  the  reckemed,  in  praisina:  God,  to  observe  his  manifold  providence,  ^  over 
travellers,  10  over  captives,  17  over  sick  men,  23  over  seatnen,  33  and  in  divers  varieties  of  life. 

a  Mat.  19. 17.  1  O  givG  thanks  unto  the  Lord,  for  "he  is  good, 

For  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever. 
2  Let  the  redeemed  of  the  Lord  say  so. 
Whom  he  hath  redeemed  from  the  hand  of  the  enemy ; 
Ve''29'f4  &31     ^  "^"^  ''gathered  them  out  of  the  lands, 
8,10.  Ez. '39.2?;       From  the  east,  and  from  the  west, 
*^ieh.  from  the         From  the  north,  and  *from  the  south. 
«'^«-  4  They  wandered  in  the  Wilderness  in  a  solitary  way, 

They  found  no  city  to  dwell  in. 
^  Hungry  and  thirsty. 

Their  soul  fainted  in  them. 
^  Then  they  cried  unto  the  Lord  in  their  trouble, 

And  he  delivered  them  out  of  their  distresses. 
''  And  he  led  them  forth  by  the  right  way. 
That  they  might  go  to  a  city  of  habitation. 

^  Oh  that  men  would  praise  the  Lord  for  his  goodness, 
And  for  his  wonderful  works  to  the  children  of  men  ! 
dLu.  1. 53.  9  For  ''he  satisfieth  the  longing  soul. 

And  filleth  the  hungry  soul  with  goodness. 
eLu.  1.79.  seo  10  g^ch  ^as  sit  iu  darkucss  and  in  the  shadow  of  death, 

Being  bound  in  affliction  and  iron  ; 
^^  Because  they  rebelled  against  the  words  of  God, 
/ Ps.  73. 24.  Lu^        And  contemned  ^the  counsel  of  the  Most  High  : 

12  Therefore  he  brought  down  their  heart  with  labor  ; 

They  fell  down,  and  there  was  none  to  help. 
^^  Then  they  cried  unto  the  Lord  in  their  trouble, 
And  he  saved  them  out  of  their  distresses. 

(^)  We  may  observe  here,  that  the  Tyrians  were  should  characterize  every  attempt  to  elucidate  the 

the  wealthy,  commercial,  maritime  nation,  which  Holy  Scriptures. 

contributed  more  than    any    other   people    to   the  (")  Psalm  cvii.  is  enumerated  by  Calmet,  Home, 

buildino-  of  the    first   temple  by  Solomon.     They  and  Gray  among  those  which  were  probably  written, 

were  principally  concerned  also  in  assisting  the  re-  as  well  after  other  deliverances,  as  upon  the  release 

building  of  the  second  temple  under    Ezra,  (chap,  from  the  Babylonish  captivity,  and  at  the  building 

iii.  7.)  "is  it  fanciful   to  suppose   that  this  nation  and  dedication  of  the  second  temple.    It  is  inserted 

was   but  a  type  of  that   more  powerful,  wealtliy,  here  on  the  united  authority  of  these  laborious  and 

commercial,  and  maritime  nation,  which  in  the  lat-  distinguished  writers,  as  well    as   on    its    internal 

ter  days  shall  contribute  to  the  rebuilding  of  the  evidence,  arising  from  its  applicability   to  the  cir- 

splritual,  and  perhaps  actual  temple,  at  the    final  cumstances   of  the  Jewish  Church  at  this  period, 

restoration  of  the  Jews,  before  the  second  advent  On  the  same  authorities,  and  for  the  same  additional 

of  the  common  Head  of  the  Church?  Many  coin-  reason,  I  have  inserted  here   the   Ix.xxviith,  cxith, 

cidences  of  this  nature  have  suggested  themselves  cxiith,  cxiiith,  cxivth,  cxvith,    cxviith,   cxxviith, 

in  proceeding  through  this  Arrangement ;  but  they  cxxviiith,  and   cxxxivth.     The  cxxvth   is  referred 

have  been  carefully"  withheld,  from  the  apprehen-  by  Dr.    Gray   to   the   distresses  of  the  Church,  by 

sinn  that  I  might  be  indulging  in  a  spirit  of  specu-  Hornc  to  the  return  from  the  captivity, 
lation,  instead  of  that  sobriety  and  judgment  which 

VOL.  I.  4m* 


1086 


PSALMS  COMPOSED  BY  THE  JEWS. 


[Period  VIII. 


A  2  Kj.  20.  4,  5. 
Ps.  147.  15,  &.C. 

Mat.  8.  8. 


tLe.7.  12.  Ps. 

50.  14.  He.  13. 

15. 
t  Hcb.  singing. 


*  Heb.  all  their 
icisdom  is  swal-     og 
lowed  up. 

i  See  Job  38.  11.     29 


k  1  Ki.  17.  1,  7. 


I  See  Ge.  19.  25. 
f  Heb.  saltncss. 


m  Job  38.  27.  Ps. 
114.8.  Is.  41. 


n  See  Ge.  1.  2S 
&  12.  2. 
oEx.  1.7. 
;>  2  Ki.  10.  32. 


X  Or,  void  place, 
q  1  Sa.  2.  8. 
*  Or,  after. 


He  ^brought  them  out  of  darkness  and  the  shadow  of  death, 
And  brake  their  bands  in  sunder. 

^^  Oh  that  men  would  praise  the  Lord  for  his  goodness, 
And  for  his  wonderful  works  to  the  children  of  men  ! 
For  he  hath  broken  the  gates  of  brass, 
And  cut  the  bars  of  iron  in  sunder. 

^"^  Fools  because  of  their  transgression, 
And  because  of  their  iniquities,  are  afflicted. 
Their  soul  abhorreth  all  manner  of  meat, 
And  they  draw  near  to  the  gates  of  death. 
Then  they  cry  unto  the  Lord  in  their  trouble. 
And  he  saveth  them  out  of  their  distresses. 
He  ''sent  his  word,  and  healed  them, 
And  delivered  them  from  their  destructions. 

-'  Oh  that  men  would  praise  the  Lord  for  his  goodness, 
And  for  his  wonderful  works  to  the  children  of  men ! 

^^  And  'let  them  sacrifice  the  sacrifices  of  thanksgiving. 
And  declare  his  works  with  trejoicing. 
They  that  go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships, 
That  do  business  in  great  waters. 
These  see  the  works  of  the  Lord, 
And  his  wonders  in  the  deep. 

For  he  commandeth,  and  traiseth  the  stormy  wind, 
AVhich  lifteth  up  the  waves  thereof. 
They  mount  up  to  the  heaven, 
They  go  down  again  to  the  depths. 
Their  soul  is  melted  because  of  trouble. 
They  reel  to  and  fro,  and  stagger  like  a  drunken  man, 
And  *are  at  their  wit's  end. 
Then  they  cry  unto  the  Lord  in  their  trouble. 
And  he  bringeth  them  out  of  their  distresses. 
He  ■'maketh  the  storm  a  calm, 
So  that  the  waves  thereof  are  still. 
Then  are  they  glad  because  they  be  quiet, 
So  he  bringeth  them  unto  their  desired  haven. 

^^  Oh  that  men  would  praise  the  Lord  for  his  goodness. 
And  for  his  wonderful  works  to  the  children  of  men ! 
Let  them  exalt  him  also  in  the  congregation  of  the  people. 
And  praise  him  in  the  as.sembly  of  the  elders. 

^^  He  *turneth  rivers  into  a  wilderness, 
And  the  watersprings  into  dry  ground  ; 
A  'fruitful  land  into  tbanenness, 
For  the  wickedness  of  them  that  dwell  therein. 
He  "'turncth  the  wilderness  into  a  standing  water, 
And  dry  ground  into  waters[)rings. 
And  there  he  maketh  the  hungry  to  dwell. 
That  they  may  prepare  a  city  for  habitation  ; 
And  sow  the  fields,  and  plant  vineyards. 
Which  may  yield  fruits  of  increase. 

He  "blesscth  them  also,  so  that  they  "are  multiplied  greatly  ; 
And  suffereth  not  iheir  cattle  to  decrease. 
Again,  they  are  ''diminished  and  brought  low 
Through  oppression,  affliction,  and  sorrow. 
He  poureth  contempt  upon  princes. 

And  causeth  them  to  wander  in  the  ^wilderness,  where  there  is  no 
Yet  'sctteth  he  the  poor  on  higli  "from  affliction,  [way. 

And  maketh  him  nuiiiiics  like  a  flock. 


Part  I.] 


ON  THEIR  RETURN  FROM  CAPTIVITY. 


1087 


^-  The  righteous  shall  see  it,  and  rejoice ; 
»•  Pr-  10- 11-  Ko-        And  all  '^iniquity  shall  stop  her  mouth. 
s  Ps.  64. 9.  Je.  9.  ^^  Whoso  ^is  wise,  and  will  observe  these  things, 
12.  Ho.  14. 9.  Even  they  shall  understand  the  lovingkindness  of  the  Lord. 


PS    LXXXVII. 


»  Or,  of. 

a  Or,  Its,  nieanii 
Zioii's  founda- 
tion.—£(/. 


*  Heb.  HatU^v^ 
jafi. 

a  As  this  and  the 
following  Psalm 
are  alphabetical, 
every  line  com- 
mencing consec- 
utively with  its 
proper  letter  of 
the  Hebrew  al- 
pliabet.  Hallelu- 
jah must  be  con- 
sidered as  the 
title.— £rf. 

a  Job  xxxviii.- 
xli.  Ps.92.  5.  & 
139. 14.  Re.  15. 
3. 

•f  Heb.  prey.  Mat. 
6.  26,  33. 


iRe. 

15.3. 

t  Heb.  are  estab- 
lished. Is.  40.  8. 
Mat.  5.  18. 

c  Ps.  19.  9.  Re. 
15.3. 

d  Mat. 
1.63 

.  1.  21    Lu 

cLu. 

1.49. 

/Job 
1.7. 
Ec.  1 

28.  23.  Pr. 
&  9.  10. 
■2.  13. 

t^Or, 

Good  suc- 
Pr.  3.  4. 

*Heb 
them. 

.  that  do 

PSALM  CXII. 

*  Heb 

jah. 

.  Hallelu- 

PSALM  LXXXVII. 

TVie  nature  and  glory  of  the  Church.     4  The  increase,  honor,  and  comfort  of  the  jnembers  thereof. 
A  Psalm  or  Song  *for  the  Sons  of  Korah. 

^  ''His  foundation  is  in  the  holy  mountains. 
2  The  Lord  loveth  the  gates  of  Zion 

More  than  all  the  dwellings  of  Jacob. 
^  Glorious  "things  are  spoken  of  thee, 

0  city  of  God  !     Selah  ! 

^  I  will  make  mention  of  Rahab  and  Babylon  to  them  that  know 

Behold  Philistia,  and  Tyre,  with  Ethiopia  ;  [me  : 

This  man  was  born  there. 
^  And  of  Zion  it  shall  be  said. 

This  and  that  man  was  born  in  her ; 

And  the  Highest  himself  shall  establish  her. 
^  The  Lord  shall  count,  when  he  'vvriteth  up  the  people, 

That  this  man  was  born  there.     Selah  ! 
"^  As  well  the  singers  as  the  players  on  instruments  shall  be  there. 

All  my  springs  are  in  thee. 

PSALM    CXI. 

The  psalmist  by  his  example  incitvfk  others  to  praise  God  for  his  glorious,  5  and  gracious  works. 
10  The  fear  of  God  breedeth  true  wisdom. 

^  *  Praise  ye  the  Lord  !  * 

1  will  praise  the  Lord  with  my  whole  heart. 
In  the  assembly  of  the  upright,  and  in  the  congregation. 

^  The  "works  of  the  Lord  are  great, 
Sought  out  of  all  them  that  have  pleasure  therein. 

^  His  work  is  honorable  and  glorious, 
And  his  righteousness  endureth  for  ever. 

''  He  hath  made  his  wonderful  works  to  be  remembered  ; 
The  Lord  is  gracious  and  full  of  compassion. 

^  He  hath  given  tnieat  unto  them  that  fear  him  ; 
He  will  ever  be  mindful  of  his  covenant. 

^  He  hath  showed  his  people  the  power  of  his  works. 
That  he  may  give  them  the  heritage  of  the  heathen. 

''  The  works  of  his  hands  are  *" verity  and  judgment ; 
All  his  commandments  are  sure. 

^  They  tstand  fast  for  ever  and  ever. 
And  are  Mone  in  truth  and  uprightness. 

^  He  ''sent  redemption  unto  his  people  ; 
He  hath  commanded  his  covenant  for  ever  ; 
Holy  ^and  reverend  is  his  name  ! 
^^  The  •'^fear  of  the  Lord  is  the  beginning  of  wisdom  ; 
^  \A.  good  understanding  have  all  they  *that  do  his  commandments  ; 
n   His  praise  endureth  for  ever. 

PSALM  CXII. 

Godliness  hath  the  promises  of  this  life,  4  ujid  of  the  life  to  come, 
shall  he  an  eyesore  to  the  wicked. 

^  *Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 
*<   Blessed  is  the  man  that  feareth  the  Lord, 
3   That  delighteth  greatly  in  his  commandments  ! 
J     ^  His  seed  shall  be  mighty  upon  earth  ; 
T   The  generation  of  the  upright  shall  be  blessed. 


10  The  prosperity  of  the  godly 


1088 


PSAmrS  COMPOSED  BY  THE  JEWS. 


[Period  VIII 


d  Job  11.  17.  Ps. 
97.  11. 

c  Ps.  37.  26.  Lu. 

G.  35. 
d  Eph.  5.  15. 

Col.  4.  5. 
■f  Uv.b.  jiulgmcHt. 
e  Pr.  10.  7. 
/Pr.  1.  33. 


g  Pr.  3.  33. 


h  2  Co.  9.  9. 
t  De.  24.  1-3. 


j  See  Lu.  13.  28. 
k  Pr.  10.  28.  &. 
11.7. 


PSALM  cxin. 

a  Psalms  cxiii.  to 
cxviii.  form  what 
is  calleJ  by  the 
Hebrewa  Tlie 
Great  Hallel,  or 
praise,  which 
was  sung  on 
their  most  sol- 
emn festivals, 
anil  particularly 
after  the  cele- 
bration of  the 
Passover  ;  see 
Mat.  26.  30. 
Mar.  14.  26.-- 
Ed. 

*  Heb.  Hallelujah. 

a  Is.  59.  19.  Mai. 
1.  11. 

t  Heb.  fxalteth 
himself  to  dwell. 


b  1  Sa.  2.  8.  Ps. 
107.  41. 


e  1  Sa.  2.  5.  Ps. 

68.  6.  Is.  54.  1. 

Lu.l. 13-15.  Gal. 

4.  27. 
%  Heb.  to  dwell  in 

a  house. 


PSALM  CXIV. 

a  Ex.  13.  3. 


JE: 


t  19. 
6.  &  25.  8.  &  29. 
45,46.  De.27.  9. 

c  Ex.  14.  21.  Ps. 
77.  16. 
dJos.  3.  13,16. 


n   3  Wealth  "and  riches  shall  be  in  his  house, 
1  And  his  righteousness  endureth  for  ever. 
T  4  Unto  Hhe  upright  there  ariseth  light  in  the  darkness ; 
n  He  is  gracious,  and  full  of  compassion,  and  righteous. 
£3  5  A  'good  man  showeth  favor,  and  lendeth  ; 
'  He  will  guide  his  aftairs  ''with  idiscretion. 
^  '^  Surely  he  shall  not  be  moved  for  ever  ; 
^  The  'righteous  shall  be  in  everlasting  remembrance. 
n   "  He  -^shall  not  be  afraid  of  evil  tidings  ; 
3  His  heart  is  fixed,  trusting  in  the  Lord. 
D  ^  His  heart  is  established,  "lie  shall  not  be  afraid, 
V  Until  he  see  his  desire  upon  his  enemies. 
3   ^  He  ''liath  dispersed,  he  hath  given  to  the  poor ; 
2>  His  'righteousness  endureih  for  ever  ; 
p  His  horn  shall  be  exalted  with  honor. 

1  If*  The  ^wicked  shall  see  it,  and  be  grieved  ; 

ty  He  shall  gnash  with  his  teeth,  and  melt  away ; 
n  The  *desire  of  the  wicked  shall  perish. 

PSALM    CXIII.a 

A71  exhortation  to  praise  God  for  his  excellency,  6  for  his  mercy. 

^  *Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 
Praise,  O  ye  servants  of  the  Lord, 
Praise  the  name  of  the  Lord  ! 

2  Blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord 
From  this  time  forth  and  for  evermore  ! 

2  From  "the  rising  of  the  sun  unto  the  going  down  of  the  same 

The  Lord's  name  is  to  be  praised. 
■*  The  Lord  is  high  above  all  nations. 

And  his  glory  above  the  heavens. 

5  Who  is  like  unto  the  Lord  our  God, 

Who  tdwelleth  on  high, 
^  Who  humbleth  himself  to  behold 

The  things  that  are  in  heaven,  and  in  the  earth  ! 
■^  He  ''raiseth  up  the  poor  out  of  the  dust. 

And  lifteth  the  needy  out  of  the  dunghill ; 
s  That  he  may  set  him  with  princes, 

Even  with  the  princes  of  his  people. 
9  He  'maketh  the  barren  woman  J  to  keep  house, 

And  to  be  a  joyful  mother  of  children. 

Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM  CXIV. 

An  exhortation,  btj  the  example  of  the  dumb  creatures,  to  fear  God  in  his  Clmrch. 

'  When  "Israel  went  out  of  Egypt, 

The  house  of  Jacob  from  a  people  of  strange  language  ; 
~  Judah  ''was  his  sanctuary, 

And  Israel  his  dominion. 
2  The  "sea  saw  it,  and  fled ; 

Jordan  ''was  driven  back. 
■*  The  mountains  skij^ped  like  rams, 

And  the  little  hills  like  lambs. 

5  What  ailed  thee,  O  thou  sea,  that  thou  fleddest  ? 

Thou   Jordan,  that  thou  wast  driven  back? 
^  Ye  mountains,  tliat  ye  skipped  like  rams  ; 

And  ye  little  hills,  like  lambs  ? 
■^  Tremble,  thou  earth,  at  the  presence  of  the  Lord, 

At  the  presence  of  the  God  of  Jacob  ; 


Part   I.]  ON  THEIR  RETURN  FROM  CAPTIVITY.  1089 

« Ex.^17. 6.  i\u.      8  Wjiich  'turned  the  rock  into  a  standing  water, 

The  flint  into  a  fountain  of  waters. 
rsALM  cxvr.  pSxVLM  cxvi. 

Tlie  psalmist  professeth  his  love  and  duty  to  God  for  his  deliverance.     12  He  studieth  to  be  thankful, 

^  I  love  the  Lord,  because  he  hath  heard 
My  voice  and  my  supphcations. 
^  Because  he  hath  inchned  his  ear  unto  me, 
»^Heb.in,„2,  Therefore  will  I  call  upon  him  *as  long  as  I  live. 

^  The  sorrows  of  death  compassed  me, 
^GeM4?34f '"''        ^"^  ^'^6  P'^^is  of  hell  tgat  hold  upon  me  ; 
I  found  trouble  and  sorrow. 
■*  Then  called  I  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord  ; 

0  Lord,  I  beseech  thee,  deliver  my  soul. 
^  Gracious  is  the  Lord,  and  righteous ; 

Yea,  our  God  is  merciful. 
^  The  Lord  preserveth  the  simple ; 

1  was  brought  low,  and  he  helped  me. 
\h'ii^^' ^^^^'     '  Return  unto  thy  "rest,  O  my  soul; 

For  the  Lord  hath  dealt  bountifully  with  thee. 
^  For  thou  hast  delivered  my  soul  from  death, 

Mine  eyes  from  tears,  and  my  feet  from  falling. 
^  I  will  walk  before  the  Lord 

*2?'"i3"  ^'  ^''         ^"  '^^^  ^^^^  •^^  *'^^  living, 
c  2  Co.  4. 13.       ^°  I  'believed,  therefore  have  I  spoken  ; 
I  was  greatly  afflicted  ; 
^^  I  said  in  my  haste, 
dRo.3.4.  "  All  ''men  are  liars." 

^^  What  shall  I  render  unto  the  Lord 
For  all  his  benefits  toward  me  ? 
"  I  will  take  the  cup  of  salvation. 

And  call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

'2^ 9 ^i^' 5° 33*^'  ^*  ^  '^'^^  P'^y  ^^y  ^^^^^  ""^o  *'^^  ^^^^ 

Now  in  the  presence  of  all  his  people. 

^^  Precious  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord 

Is  the  death  of  his  saints. 

^^  O  Lord,  truly  I  am  thy  servant ; 

I  am  thy  servant,  and  the  son  of  thy  handmaid  ; 

Thou  hast  loosed  my  bonds. 

■^5o!'i4".  ^^'  ^''     ^'  ^  ^'^^  ^^^'^  ^°  ^^^^  ^^^^  sacrifice  of  thanksgiving, 
And  will  call  upon  the  name  of  the  Lord. 
^^  I  will  pay  my  vows  unto  the  Lord 

Now  in  the  presence  of  all  his  people. 
^^  In  the  courts  of  the  Lord's  house, 
In  the  midst  of  thee,  O  Jerusalem  ' 
Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM  ex VII.  PSALM   CXVII. 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God  for  his  mercy  and  truth. 

''^°- 15- "•  ^  O  "praise  the  Lord,  all  ye  nations  ! 
Praise  him,  all  ye  people  ! 
2  For  his  merciful  kindness  is  great  toward  us  ; 
And  the  truth  of  the  Lord  endureth  for  ever. 
Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM  CXXV.  PSALM  CXXV. 

The  safety  of  such  as  trust  in  God.     4  A  prayer  for  the  godly,  and  against  the  wickea 

A  Song^  of  deg^rees. 

^  They  that  trust  in  the  Lord  shall  be  as  Mount  Zion, 
Which  cannot  be  removed,  but  abideth  for  ever. 
VOL.  I.  137 


1090 


FOUNDATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE  LAID.         [Period  VIII 


a  Pr.  22.  8.  Is. 
14.5. 
*  Heb.  vaiokei- 


c  Ps.  128. 
6.  16. 


t  Heb.  that  are 
biuldtrs  of  it  in 


h  Ge.  33.  5.  &  48. 
4.  Jos.  24.  3,  4. 

c  De.  28.  4. 

X  Heb.  Jilled  his 
quiver  with  them. 

d  See  Job  5.  4. 
Pr.27.  II. 

*  Or,  shall  sub- 
due, as  Ps.  18. 
47,  or,  destroy. 


VS.  CXXVIIl. 


c  Ge.  50.  23.  Job 
42.  16. 


I  1  Ch.  9.  33. 

I I  Ti.  2.  8. 

'  Or,  in  holiness. 


A.  M.   3469 
B.  C.  535. 


a  i.  e.  the  Israel- 
ites.—£;d. 


2  As  the  mountains  are  round  about  Jerusalem, 
So  the  Lord  is  round  about  his  people 
From  henceforth  even  for  ever. 

3  For  "the  rod  of  *the  wicked  shall  not  rest  upon  the  lot  of  the  right- 
Lest  the  righteous  put  forth  their  hands  unto  iniquity.  [eous  ; 

■*  Do  good,  O  Lord  !  unto  those  that  be  good. 
And  to  them  that  are  upright  in  their  hearts. 
^  As  for  such  as  turn  aside  unto  tiieir  ''crooked  ways, 
The  Lord  shall  lead  them  forth  with  the  workers  of  iniquity  ; 
But  'peace  shall  be  upon  Israel. 

PSALM   cxxvii. 

Tlie  virhie  of  God's  blessing.     3  Good  children  are  his  gift. 
A  Song-  of  ilegrees  *for  Solomon. 

'  Except  the  Lord  build  the  house, 

They  labor  in  vain  f  that  build  it ; 

Except  the  Lord  keep  the  city, 

The  watchman  waketh  but  in  vain. 
2  It  is  vain  for  you  to  rise  up  early,  to  sit  up  late, 

To  "eat  the  bread  of  sorrows  ; 

For  so  he  giveth  his  beloved  sleep. 

3  Lo !  ^children  are  a  heritage  of  the  Lord  ; 

And  'the  fruit  of  the  womb  is  his  reward. 
'*  As  arrows  are  in  the  hand  of  a  mighty  man  ; 

So  are  children  of  the  youth. 
^  Happy  is  the  man  that  hath  this  quiver  full  of  them ; 

They  "shall  not  be  ashamed, 

But  they  *shall  speak  with  the  enemies  in  the  gate. 

PSALM    CXXVIIL 

The  sundry  blessings  which  follov^  them  that/ear  God. 
A  Song  of  degrees. 

^  Blessed  is  every  one  that  feareth  the  Lord  ; 
That  walketh  in  his  ways  ! 

2  For  "thou  shall  eat  the  labor  of  thy  hands  ; 
Happy  shalt  thou  be,  and  it  shall  be  well  with  thee. 

3  Thy  wife  shall  be  ''as  a  fruitful  vine  by  the  sides  of  thy  house  ; 
Thy  children  like  olive  plants  round  about  thy  table. 

'^  Behold,  that  thus  shall  the  man  be  blessed 
That  feareth  the  Lord. 
^  The  Lord  shall  bless  thee  out  of  Zion  ; 

And  thou  shalt  see  the  good  of  Jerusalem  all  the  days  of  thy  life. 
•^  Yea,  thou  shalt  'see  thy  children's  children, 
And  peace  upon  Israel. 

PSALM    cxxxiv. 

All  exhortation  to  bless  God. 
A  Song  of  degrees. 

^  Behold,  bless  ye  the  Lord, 

All  ye  servants  of  the  Lorr, 

Which  "by  night  stand  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  ! 
~  Lift  ''up  your  hands  *in  the  sanctuary, 

And  bless  the  Lord! 
2  The  Lord  that  made  heaven  and  earth 

Bless  thee  out  of  Zion  ! 

Skction  II. —  The.  Foundation  of  the  Temple  laid; — Paalms  thereon. 
E/.KA  iii.  8,  lo  the  end. — Psai.ms  Lxxxiv.  and  l.xvi. 

^  Now  in  the  second  year  of  "their  coming  unto  the  house  of  God  at 
Jerusalem,  in  the  second  month,  began  Zerubbabel  the  son  of  Sheal- 


lRT    I.] 


FOUNDATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE  LAID. 


1091 


tiel,  and  Jeshua  the  son  of  Jozadak,  and  the  remnant  of  their  brethren 
the  priests  and  the  Levites,  and  all  they  that  were  come  out  of  the 
captivity  unto  Jerusalem  ;  and  "appointed  the  Levites,  from  twenty 
years  old  and  upward,  to  set  forward  the  work  of  the  house  of  the 
Lord,  ^  Then  stood  Jeshua  with  his  sons  and  his  brethren,  Kadmiel 
and  his  sons,  the  sons  of  *Judah,  ttogether,  to  set  forward  the  work- 
men in  the  house  of  God  ;  the  sons  of  Henadad,  with  their  sons  and 
their  brethren  the  Levites.  ^'^  And  when  the  builders  laid  the  founda- 
ch.  16. 6, 42.  tion  of  the  temple  of  the  Lord,  Hhey  set  the  priests  in  their  apparel 
with  trumpets,  and  the  Levites  the  sons  of  Asaph  with  cymbals,  to 
praise  the  Lord,  after  the  "ordinance  of  David  king  of  Israel.  ^^  And 
''they  sang  together  by  course  in  praising  and  giving  thanks  unto  the 
Lord  ;  'because  he  is  good,  ^for  his  mercy  endureth  for  ever  toward 
Israel.  And  all  the  people  shouted  with  a  great  shout,  when  they 
praised  the  Lord,  because  the  foundation  of  the  house  of  the  Lord 
was  laid.  ^-But  ^many  of  the  priests  and  Levites  and  chief  of  the 
fathers,  who  were  ancient  men,  that  had  seen  the  first  house,  when 
the  foundation  of  this  house  was  laid  before  their  eyes,  wept  with  a 
loud  voice  ;  and  many  shouted  aloud  for  joy.  ^^  So  that  the  people 
could  not  discern  the  noise  of  the  shout  of  joy  from  the  noise  of  the 
weeping  of  the  people  ;  for  the  people  shouted  with  a  loud  shout,  and 
the  noise  was  heard  afar  oft'. 


*  Or,  HodaviaJi. 

Ez.  -2.  40. 
■f  Heb.  as  one. 


c\  Ch.  6.  31.& 

16.  4. 
rfEx.  15.  21. 

2Ch.7.3.  Neh 

12.  24. 
e  1  Cli.  16.  34. 

Ps.  cxxxvi. 


g  See  Hag 


■■  Ps.  8,  title. 
Or,  of. 


PS.  LXXXIV.  PSALM   LXXXIV.m 

T)ie  prophet,  longing  for  the  communion  of  the  sanctuary,  4  showeth  hoiv  blessed  they  are  that  dwelt 

therein.     8  He  prayeth  to  be  restored  unto  it. 

To  the  chief  Musician  ''upon  Gittith,  A  Psalm  ffor  the  sons  of  Korah. 

^  How  amiable  are  thy  tabernacles,  O  Lord  of  hosts  ! 
^  My  soul  longeth,  yea,  even  fainteth  for  the  courts  of  the  Lord; 

My  heart  and  my  flesh  crieth  out  for  the  living  God. 
^  Yea,  the  sparrow  hath  found  a  house, 

And  the  swallow  a  nest  for  herself,  where  she  may  lay  her  young 

Even  thine  altars,  O  Lord  of  hosts. 

My  King,  and  my  God  ! 

'^  Blessed  are  they  that  dwell  in  thy  house  ! 

They  will  be  still  praising  thee.     Selah  ! 
^  Blessed  is  the  man  whose  strength  is  in  thee ; 

In  whose  heart  are  the  ways  of  them  ! 
^  Who  passing  through  the  valley  tof  Baca  make  it  a  well ; 

The  rain  also  *filleth  the  pools. 
"^  They  go  tfrom  strength  to  strength. 

Every  one  of  them  in  Zion  "appeareth  before  God. 
^  O  Lord  God  of  hosts,  hear  my  prayer ; 

Give  ear,  O  God  of  Jacob  !     Selah  ! 
9  Behold,  'O  God  our  shield, 

And  look  upon  the  face  of  thine  anointed. 
^^  For  a  day  in  thy  courts  is  better  than  a  thousand. 

tl  had  rather  be  a  doorkeeper  in  the  house  of  my  God, 

Than  to  dwell  in  the  tents  of  wickedness. 
cts'^'eo  19  ^^  ^^^  *^^  Lord  God  is  a  'sun  and  shield  ; 

The  Lord  M^ill  give  grace  and  glory ; 

No  good  thing  will  he  withhold 

From  them  that  walk  uprightly. 

C)  Psalm  Ixxxiv.  is  inserted  in  this  place  from  its  Church,  which  was  now  again  enjoying  the  ser- 

internal  evidence  that  it  was  written   about   this  vices  of  the  altar,  it  will  not  appear  improbable  that 

period.    The  precise  time  of  its  composition  is  quite  the  psalm   was  composed  about  this  time,  by  one 

uncertain  ;    and   if  the    beautiful   earnestness   and  of  those  pious  Jews  who  were  anxious  to  see  their 

devotional  spirit   which  runs  through   this  psalm  worship  restored  in  its  former  splendor, 
be  compared   with  the  actual  state  of  the  Jewish 


J  Or,  of  mulberry 
trees  make  him 
a  well,  <5-c.  2  Sa. 
5.  22,  23. 

*  Heb.  eovereth. 

t  Or,  from  com- 
pany to  company. 
Pr.  4.  18.  2  Co. 
3.  18. 

a  De.  16. 16.  Zee. 
14.  16. 

b  Ge.  15.  1. 


X  Heb.  /  would 
choose  rather  to 
sit  at  the  Uiresh- 


1092 


FOUNDATION  OF  THE  TEMPLE  LAID.         [Period  Vlli 


•  Heb.  all  the 
earth. 


f  Or,  yield  feigned 
obedience,  Ps.  18. 
44.  &  81.  15. 
Heb.  Ue. 


d  Ex.  14.21. 
bJoa.3.  14,16. 


J  Heb.  puueth. 

t  Ps.  17. 3.  Is.  49. 

10. 
d  Zee.  13.9.  IPe. 

1.  6,  7. 
e  La.  1.  13. 

/Is.  51.  23. 
g  la.  43.  2. 
♦  Heb.  moist. 

AEc.5.  4. 
f  Heb.  openerl. 

J  Heb.  marrow. 


i  Job  27.  9.  Pr. 
15.  29.  &  28.  9. 
Is.  1.  15.  Jo.  9. 
31.  Ja.  4.  3. 


1-  O  Lord  of  hosts, 

Blessed  is  the  man  that  trusteth  in  thee  ! 

PSALM   LXVI.(S) 

The  Psalmist  exhorteth  to  praise  God,  5  to  observe  his  great  rvorks,  f  Jo  bless  1^^  fi''}j^,f^±]'^, 
beneps.  \1  He  roicelh  for  hvnself  religious  sen:ice  to  God.  \6  He  declareth  God  s  special 
goodness  to  himself. 

To  the  chief  Musician,  A  Song  or  Psalm. 

^  Make  a  joyful  noise  unto  God,  *all  ye  lands ! 

2  Sing  forth  the"  honor  of  his  name  ; 
Make  his  praise  glorious ! 

3  Say  unto  God,  How  terrible  art  thou  in  thy  works ! 

Through  the  greatness  of  thy  power  shall  thine  enemies  fsubmit 
themselves  unto  thee. 

4  All  the  earth  shall  worship  thee. 

And  shall  sing  unto  thee  ;  they  shall  sing  to  thy  name.     Selah  1 

5  Come  and  see  the  works  of  God  ; 
He  is  terrible  in  his  doing  toward  the  children  of  men. 
^  He  "turned  the  sea  into  dry  land  ; 
They  Svent  through  the  flood  on  foot ; 
There  did  we  rejoice  in  him. 
''  He  ruleth  by  his  power  for  ever ; 
His  eyes  behold  the  nations  ; 
Let  not  the  rebellious  e.xalt  themselves.     Selah ! 

s  O  bless  our  God,  ye  people, 
And  make  the  voice  of  his  praise  to  be  heard ; 
'J  Which  tholdeth  our  soul  in  life, 

And  suflereth  not  our  feet  to  be  moved  ! 
1*^  For  'thou,  O  God,  hast  proved  us  ; 

Thou  ''hast  tried  us,  as  silver  is  tried. 
1^  Thou  'broughtest  us  into  the  net ; 

Thou  laidst  affliction  upon  our  loins, 
12  Thou  liast  caused  men  to  ride  over  our  heads  ; 
We  ^went  through  fire  and  through  water  ; 
But  thou  broughtest  us  out  into  a  *wealthy  place. 
13  I  will  go  into  thy  house  with  burnt  offerings ; 
I  "will  pay  thee  my  vows, 
'•*  Which  my  lips  have  tuttered. 

And  my  mouth  hath  spoken,  when  I  was  in  trouble. 
15  I  will  ofter  unto  thee  burnt  sacrifices  of  tfatlings,  with  the  incense 
of  rams  ; 
I  will  offer  bullocks  with  goats.     Selah  ! 

16  Come  and  hear,  all  ye  that  fear  God, 
And  I  will  declare  what  he  hath  done  for  my  soul. 
i'^  I  cried  unto  him  with  my  mouth, 

And  he  was  extolled  with  my  tongue. 
IS  If  T  regard  iniquity  in  my  heart, 

The  Lord  will  not  hear  me  ; 
1^  But  verily  God  hath  heard  me. 

He  hath  attended  to  the  voice  of  my  prayer. 
2»  Blessed  be  God,  which  hath  not  turned  away  my  prayer, 
Nor  his  mercy  from  me  ! 

and  from  its  apparent  applicability  to  the  circun> 
stance  related  in  Ezra  iii.  10-14. 


(»)  Psalm  Ixvi.  is  inserted  by  Calmet,  Home,  and 
Gray,  among  those  which  were  probably  composed 
about  this  time.    It  is  placed  here  on  their  authority, 


Part  I.] 


THE  BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  INTERRUPTED. 


1093 


Section  III. —  The   Building  of  the  Temple  interrupted. 
Daniel. 


-Last  Vision  of 


M.   3470. 
.  C.  534. 


Ezra  iv.  1-5,(3)  p^yt  of  24. — Psalm  cxxix. — Dan.  x.  to  xii. 


*  Heb.  the  sons 
of  the  transpor- 
tatimi. 


Tlie  adversaries,  beim  not  accepted  in  the  building  of  the  temple  with  the  Jews,  endeavour  to  hinder 
it.  —  Dan.  x.  1  Daniel,  having  humbled  himself  seeth  a  vision.  10  Being  troubled  with  fear,  he 
is  cojiiforted  by  the  angel.  —  Dan.  xi.  1  The  overthrow  of  Persia  by  the  king  of  Grecia.  5 
Leagues  and  conflicts  betiveen  the  kings  of  the  south  and  of  the  north.  30  The  invasion  and 
tyranny  of  the  Romaris.  — Dan.  xii.  1  Michael  shall  deliver  Israel  from  their  troubles.  6  Daniel 
is  informed  of  the  times. 

1  Now  when  the  adversaries  of  Judah  and  Benjamin  heard  that  *the 
children  of  the  captivity  builded  the  temple  unto  the  Lord  God  of 
Israel ;  ^  then  they  came  to  Zerubbabel,  and  to  the  chief  of  the  fathers, 
and  said  unto  them,  "  Let  us  build  with  you  ;  for  we  seek  your  God, 
a2Ki.  17.24,32,  as  yc  do,  and  we  do  sacrifice  unto  him  "since  the  days  of  Esar-haddon 
king  of  Assur,  which  brought  us  up  hither."  ^  But  Zerubbabel,  and 
Jeshua,  and  the  rest  of  the  chief  of  the  fathers  of  Israel,  said  unto 
them,  "  Ye  have  nothing  to  do  with  us  to  build  a  house  unto  our  God  ; 
but  we  ourselves  together  will  build  unto  the  Lord  God  of  Israel,  as 


king  Cyrus  the  king  of  Persia  hath  commanded 


Then  the  people 


of  the  land  weakened  the  hands  of  the  people  of  Judah,  and  troubled 
them  in  building,  ^and  hired  counsellors  against  them,  to  frustrate  their 


(9)  The  sacred  authors  commonly  give  the  name 
of  Samaritans  only  To  those  stranger  people  the 
Cuthites,  whom  the  kings  of  Assyria  sent  from 
beyond  the  Euphrates  to  people  the  kingdom  of 
Samaria,  when  they  carried  captive  the  Israelites, 
wlio  were  its  former  inhabitants,  (2  Kings  xvii.  23, 
24.)  We  may  therefore  fix  the  first  establishment 
of  the  Samaritans  in  Judasa  when  Shalmaneser  con- 
quered that  part  of  the  country.  When  Esarhad- 
don  was  informed  that  this  people  were  infested  by 
lions,  he  imputed  it  to  their  ignorance  of  the  "  god 
of  the  land,"  (2  Kings  xvii.  26-34.)  He  therefore 
sent  unto  them  one  of  the  Jewish  priests  to  teach 
them  the  worship  and  the  rites  of  the  God  of  Israel, 
and  from  this  time  they  worshipped  Jehovah,  in 
conjunction  with  their  own  idol  deities.  The  Sa- 
maritans, hearing  that  the  Jews  had  begun  to  re- 
build the  temple  at  Jerusalem,  expressed  a  great 
desire  to  be  allowed  to  unite  with  them  in  this  work  ; 
but  the  Jews,  doubting  their  sincerity,  and  consid- 
ering them  as  idolators,  made  answer  to  them, — 
that  they,  not  being  of  the  seed  of  Israel,  had  noth- 
ing to  do  to  build  a  temple  to  their  God,  and  that 
they  would,  according  to  the  decree  of  Cyrus,  build 
by  themselves  a  temple  to  the  Lord  God  of  Israel. 
At  which  the  Samaritans  being  much  incensed, 
they  did  all  they  could  to  hinder  the  work  ;  and 
although  they  could  not  alter  Cyrus's  decree,  yet 
they  prevailed,  by  bribes  and  underhand  dealings 
with  his  ministers,  and  other  officers  concerned 
therein,  to  put  obstructions  to  the  execution  of  it ; 
so  that  for  several  years  the  building  went  but  very 
slowly  on  ;  which  the  Jews  resenting,  according 
as  it  deserved,  this  became  the  beginning  of  that 
bitter  rancor  which  hath  ever  since  existed  between 
them  and  the  Samaritans;  which,  being  increased 
by  other  causes,  grew  at  length  to  that  height,  that 
nothing  became  more  odious  to  a  Jew  than  a  Sa- 
maritan ;  of  which  we  have  several  instances  in  the 
Gospels  ;  and  so  it  still  continues.  For,  even  to 
this  day,  a  Cuthean  (that  is,  a  Samaritan),  in  their 
language,  is  the  most  odious  name  among  them, 
and  that  which,  in  the  height  of  their  anger,  by 
way  of  infamy  and  reproach,  they  bestow  on  those 
they  most  hate  and  abominate.  And  by  this  they 
commonly  call  us  Christians,  when  they  would 
express  tlie  bitterest  of  their  hatred  against  us. 

Hence  the  Jews,  in  expressing  their  utmost  aver- 
sion to  onr  Saviour,  said  unto  him,  "Thou  art  a 
Samaritan,  and  Inst  a  devil;  "  as  if  to  be  a  Samari- 


tan and  have  a  devil  were  things  of  equal  reproach. 
Tills  rancor,  from  various  circumstances,  was  car- 
ried to  such  an  e.xcess,  that  the  Jews  published  a 
curse  and  an  anathema  against  them,  the  bitterest 
that  ever  was  denounced  against  any  people  ;  for 
thereby  they  forbade  all  manner  of  communication 
with  them,  declared  all  the  fruits  and  products  of 
their  land,  and  every  thing  else  of  theirs,  which 
was  either  eaten  or  drunk  among  them,  to  be  as 
swine's  flesh,  and  prohibited  all  of  their  nation  ever 
to  taste  thereof,  and  also  excluded  all  of  that  people 
from  being  ever  received  as  proselytes  to  their  re- 
ligion. And,  in  the  last  place,  proceeded  so  far,  as 
even  to  the  barring  of  them  for  ever  from  liaving 
any  portion  in  the  resurrection  of  the  dead  to  eter- 
nal life,  as  if  this  also  were  in  their  power.  For 
many  ages  past,  the  conduct  of  the  Jews  towards 
the  Samaritans  hath  been  according  to  the  tenor 
of  this  anathema ;  they  constantly  refusing  all  man- 
ner of  converse  or  communication  with  them  :  and 
so  it  was  even  in  our  Saviour's  time ;  for  why  else 
should  the  woman  of  Samaria  ask  our  Saviour, 
"  How  is  it  that  thou  being  a  Jew  askest  drink  of 
me,  who  am  a  woman  of  Samaria  .'  "  but  that  it  was 
even  then  forbidden  among  the  Jews  either  to  eat 
or  drink  any  thing  of  that  which  was  the  Samari- 
tans' :  and  the  words  immediately  following  are  to 
this  purpose  ;  for  they  tell  us  that  "  the  Jews  had 
no  dealings  with  the  Samaritans." 

The  learned  Dean  Graves  has  beautifully  pointed 
out  the  manner  in  which  the  opposition  of  the 
Samaritans  was  overruled  to  the  general  good  of  the 
Church  of  God.  The  intermixture  of  the  Samari- 
tans, who  were  not  entirely  weaned  from  the  sur- 
rounding idolatry,  might,  had  the  Jews  acquiesced 
in  their  wishes,  once  more  have  involved  them  in 
that  sin.  The  very  opposition  of  this  people  served 
to  make  the  Jews  more  vigilant  in  preserving, 
and  the  Samaritans  of  emulating,  the  purity  of  the 
Mosaic  Law.  They  became  hostile,  and  therefore 
unsuspected,  guardians  of  the  purity  of  the  Sacred 
Text,  particularly,  the  Pentateuch  :  and  while  many 
of  the  .Tews  expected  only  a  temporal  Messiah, 
some  of  the  Samaritans,  from  the  Pentateuch  alone, 
seem  to  have  attained  a  jnster  notion  of  liis  real 
character.  See  also  on  this  subject.  Bishop  Hor- 
sley's  admirable  Sermon  on  the  words — "The 
woman  was  a  Greek,  a  Syro-Phcenician  by  nation." 
— rrideanx.  Covnection.  vol.  i.  p.  2"-*7,  anno  5'.\B  ; 
Calmet,  art.  Samaritan;  Graves  On  the  Pentateuch 
A   N 


1094 


THE  LAST  VISION  OF  DANIEL.         [Period  VIII. 

purpose,  all  the  days  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia,  even  until  the  reign  of 
Darius  king  of  Persia.  2''  Then  ceased  the  work  of  the  house  of  God 
which  is  at  Jerusalem. 


PSALM    CXXIX.(io) 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God  for  saving  Israel  in  their  great  a^ 
are  cursed. 


.  5  The  haters  of  the  Church 


►  Or,  Much. 
I  See  Ez.  23. 

Ho.  2.  15.  & 

1. 
7  Ps.  124.  1. 


i  Ru.  2.  4. 
116.26. 


a  Re.  19.  9. 
*  Heb.  great. 
t  Heb.  iccelis  of 

X  Hob.  bread  of 

desires, 
b  Mat.  6.  17. 


A  Song  of  degrees. 

1  *Many  a  time  have  they  afflicted  me  from  "my  youth, 

May  'Israel  now  say  ; 
~  Many  a  time  have  they  afflicted  me  from  my  youth ; 

Yet  they  have  not  prevailed  against  me. 
3  The  ploughers  ploughed  upon  my  back  ; 

They  made  long  their  furrows. 
^  The  Lord  is  righteous  ; 

He  hath  cut  asunder  the  cords  of  the  wicked. 
^  Let  them  all  be  confounded  and  turned  back 

That  hate  Zion. 
6  Let  them  be  as  'the  grass  upon  the  housetops, 

Which  withereth  afore  it  groweth  up  ; 
■^  Wherewith  the  mower  filleth  not  his  hand, 

Nor  he  that  bindeth  sheaves  his  bosom. 
®  Neither  do  they  which  go  by  say. 

The  ''blessing  of  the  Lord  be  upon  you  ; 

We  bless  you  in  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

1  In  the  third  year  of  Cyrus  king  of  Persia  a  thing  was  Daniel  x.'") 
revealed  unto  Daniel,  whose  name  was  called  Belteshazzar  ; 
"and  the  thing  was  true,  but  the  time  appointed  was  *long  ;  and  he  un- 
derstood the  thing,  and  had  understanding  of  the  vision.  ^  In  those  days 
I  Daniel  was  mourning  three  tfuU  weeks.  ^  I  ate  no  tpleasant  bread,  neither 
came  flesh  nor  wine  in  my  mouth,  'neither  did  I  anoint  myself  at  all, 

the  Jews  were  to  be  restored,  antichrist  destroyed, 
the  fiihiess  of  the  Gentiles  brought  in,  and  the 
Millennium,  or  reign  of  saints,  was  to  begin  (.5-13). 
But  the  exact  period,  until  Providence  shall  open 
more  of  the  seals,  cannot  be  fully  ascertained. 

Upon  the  whole,  we  may  observe  with  Bishop 
Newton,  what  an  amazing  prophecy  is  this,  com- 
prehending so  many  various  events,  and  extending 
through  so  many  successive  ages,  from  the  first  es- 
tablishment of  the  Persian  empire,  upwards  of  .530 
years  before  Christ,  to  the  general  resurrection  ! 
What  a  proof  of  a  Divine  Providence,  and  of  a 
Divine  Revelation  !  for  who  could  thus  declare  the 
things  that  shall  be,  with  their  times  and  seasons, 
but  He  only  who  hath  them  in  his  power ;  whose 
dominion  is  over  all,  and  whose  kingdom  endureth 
from  generation  to  generation  ! 

Of  all  the  old  prophets,  Daniel  is  the  most  distinct 
in  the  order  of  time,  and  easiest  to  be  understood; 
and  on  this  account,  Sir  Isaac  Newton  observes, 
in  those  events  which  concern  the  last  tiines,  he 
must  be  the  interpreter  of  the  rest.  All  his  pre- 
dictions relate  to  each  other,  as  if  they  were  sever- 
al parts  of  one  general  prophecy.  The  first  is  the 
easiest  to  be  understood,  and  every  succeeding 
prophecy  adds  something  to  the  former.  Though 
his  style  is  not  so  lofty  and  figurative  as  that  of  the 
other  prophets,  it  is  more  suitable  to  his  subject, 
being  clear  and  concise  ;  his  narratives  and  descrip- 
tions are  simple  and  natural  ;  and,  in  short,  he 
writes  more  like  a  historian  than  a  prophet. 

Of  the  genuineness  and  authenticity  of  the  book 
of  Daniel  we  have  every  possible  evidence,  both 
external  and  internal. 


('")  Psalm  cxxix.  This  Psalm  was  probably  com- 
posed by  Ezra,  or  Nchemiah,  for  the  consolation 
of  the  Jews  at  the  time  when  the  Samaritans  ob- 
structed the  rebuilding  of  the  city  and  temple.— 
Diuiock. 

(")  In  consequence  of  the  stratagems  used  by 
the  Samaritans  to  defeat  the  object  of  the  decree 
of  Cyrus,  the  building  of  the  temple  had  now  ceased. 
Daniel  gave  himself  up  to  mourning  three  weeks 
togetiier  ;  he  then  sees  the  vision,  an  account  of 
wiiich  is  contained  in  these  three  last  chapters  of 
his  book.  In  this  vision  he  is  informed  of  various 
particulars  concerning  the  Persian,  Grecian,  and 
Roman  empires,  and  the  kingdom  of  the  Messiah, 
(chap.  X.),  states  tlie  occasion  of  the  vision,  and 
describes  the  Glorious  Personage  who  appeared  to 
the  prophet. 

The  prediction  then  foretells  the  fate  of  the  Per- 
sian empire  (xi.  2,)  whose  fourth  king,  Darius,  was 
attacked,  and  his  empire  destroyed,  by  Alexander 
(3) ;  the  partition  of  his  vast  dominions  into  four 
kinifdoms  (4)  ;  and  tlie  wars  between  the  kingdoms 
of  Egypt  (which  lay  to  the  south  of  Judrea)  and  of 
Syria  (which  lay  to  the  north  of  the  Holy  Land.) 
are  then  related  together  with  the  conquest  of 
Macedon  by  the  Romans  (r>-3G).  The  prophecy 
then  declares  the  tyranny  of  the  papal  antichrist, 
which  was  to  spring  up  under  the  Roman  empire 
(36-39),  and  the  invasions  of  the  Saracens  (from 
the  south)  and  of  the  Turks  (from  the  north)  in  the 
time  of  the  end,  or  latter  days  of  the  Roman  mon- 
archy (40-45.)  This  prophetic  vision  concludes 
with  foretelling  the  general  resurrection  (xii.  1-4), 
and  with  announcing  the  time  when  all  these  great 
events  were  to  have  their  final  consummation,  when 


,   r;/,.  1 

.  14. 

8  K"- 

1.  14 

.&. 

19.  1-2. 

7t  Ez. 

1.7. 

Re.  1. 

15. 

i  Ez.  1 

.24. 

Re. 

1.  15. 

j2Ki. 

6.  Y, 

r.  Ac. 

9.7. 

t  Or,  vigor. 

THE  LAST  VISION  OF  DANIEL.  1095 

till  three  whole  weeks  were  fulfilled.  ''And  in  the  four  and  twentieth 
day  of  the  first  month,  as  I  was  by  the  side  of  the  great  river,  which 
is  'Hiddekel  ;  ^  then  I  lifted  up  mine  eyes,  and  looked,  and  behold  *a 
certain  man  clothed  in  linen,  whose  loins  were  "^girded  witii  fine  gold 
of  Uphaz.  •"  His  body  also  was  'like  the  beryl,  and  his  face  -'as  the  ap- 
pearance of  lightning,  ^and  his  eyes  as  lamps  of  fire,  and  his  arms 
''and  his  feet  like  in  color  to  polished  brass,  'and  the  voice  of  his  words 
like  the  voice  of  a  multitude.  "^  And  I  Daniel  ^alone  saw  the  vision ; 
for  the  men  that  were  with  me  saw  not  the  vision  ;  but  a  great  quaking 
fell  upon  them,  so  that  they  fled  to  hide  themselves.  ^Therefore  I  was 
left  alone,  and  saw  this  great  vision,  and  there  remained  no  strength 
in  me  ;  for  my  tcomeliness  was  turned   in  me  into  corruption,  and  I 
retained  no  strength.  ^  Yet  heard  I  the  voice  of  his  words  :  and  when 
I  heard  the  voice  of  his  words,  then  was  I  in  a  deep  sleep  on  my  face, 
and  my  face  toward  the  ground, 
fcje.  1.9.  Re.  1.        1°  And,  ^bcliold,  a  hand  touched  me,  which  tset  me  upon  my  knees, 
X  Heb.  moved.      and  upou  thc  palms  of  my  hands.   ^^  And  he  said  unto  me,  "  O  Daniel, 
*Heb.amauof    *a  man  greatly  beloved,  understand  the  words  that  I  speak  unto  thee, 
^Heb.^'stmidupoii  ^nd  tstaud  upright;   for  unto  thee  am  I  now  sent."     And  when  he 
tAy  standing.       j^^^j  gpokcn  this  word  unto  me,  I  stood  trembling.   ^~  Then  said  he  unto 
zRe.  1. 17.         nie,  "  Fear  'not,  Daniel ;  for   from  the  first  day  that  thou  didst  set  thy 
m  Ac.  10. 4.        heart  to  understand,  and  to  chasten  thyself  before  thy  God,  '"thy  words 
were  heard,  and  I  am  come  for  thy  words.  ^^But  the  prince  of  the 
kingdom   of  Persia  withstood   me  one   and   twenty   days  ;    but,   lo  ! 
7t  Jude  9.  Re.  12.   "Michael,  tone  of  the  chief  princes,  came  to  help  me  ;  and  I  remained 
X  Or,  the  first.      thcrc  with  the  kings  of  Persia.  ^'' Now  I  am  come  to  make  thee  un- 
o  Ge.  49. 1.         derstand  what  shall  befall  thy  people  "in  the  latter  days  ;  ^for  yet  the 
y^Da.  8. 26.  Hab.  vision  is  for  many  days."   ^^  And  when  he  had  spoken  such  words  unto 
me,  I  set  my  face  toward  the  ground,  and  I  became  dumb.  ^^  And, 
behold,  one  like  the  similitude  of  the  sons  of  men  touched  my  lips. 
Then  I  opened  my  mouth,  and  spake,  and  said  unto  him  that  stood 
before  me,  "  O  my  lord,  by  the  vision  my  sorrows  are  turned  upon 
*  Or,  this  servant  mc,  and  I  havc  retained  no  strength.  ^'^  For  how  can  *the  servant  of 
of  my  lord.         ^j^.^  ^^^  j^^^j  ^^jj^  ^^.^l_^  ^j_^.^  ^^^^  lord  ?  for  as  for  me,  straightway  there 

remained  no  strength  in  me,  neither  is  there  breath  left  in  me."   ^^Then 
there  came  again  and  touched  me  one  like  the  appearance  of  a  man, 
and  he  strengthened  me,  ^^  and  said,  "  O  man  greatly  beloved,  fear 
".  not ;  peace  be  unto  thee,  be  strong,  yea,  be  strong."     And  when  he 

had  spoken  unto  me,  I  was  strengthened,  and  said,  "  Let  my  lord  speak  ; 
for  thou  hast  strengthened  me."  ^^  Then  said  he,  "  Knowest  thou 
wherefore  I  come  unto  thee  ?  and  now  will  I  return  to  fight  with  the 
prince  of  Persia  ;  and  when  I  am  gone  forth,  lo  !  the  prince  of  Grecia 
shall  come.  ^^  But  I  will  show  thee  tiiat  which  is  noted  in  the  scripture 

i  weh.  strength-    of  truth  ;  aud  there  is  none  that  tholdeth  with  me  in  these  things, 

jTu'^^Re^'ik     't)ut  Michael  your  prince. 

7-  1 "  Also  I  in  the  first  year  of  Darius  the  Mede,  even  I,        Daniel  xi. 

stood  to  confirm  and  to  strengthen  him.  ~  And  now  will  I 
show  thee  the  truth.  Behold,  there  shall  stand  up  yet  three  kings  in  Per- 
sia ;  and  the  fourth  shall  be  far  richer  than  they  all  ;  and  by  his  strength 
through  his  riches  he  shall  stir  up  all  against  the  realm  of  Grecia.  ^  And 
a  mighty  king  shall  stand  up,  that  shall  rule  with  great  dominion,  and 
do  according  to  his  will.  •*  And  when  he  shall  stand  up,  his  kingdom 
shall  be  broken,  and  shall  be  divided  toward  the  four  winds  of  heaven  ; 
and  not  to  his  posterity,  nor  according  to  his  dominion  which  he  ruled  ; 
for  his  kingdom  shall  be  plucked  up,  even  for  others  besides  those. 

5  "  And  the  king  of  the  south  shall  be  strong,  and  one  of  his  princes  ; 
and  he  shall  be  stroma  above  him,  and  have  dominion  ;  his  dominion 


1096 


THE  LAST  VTSION  OF  DANIEL. 


[PcnioD  vin. 


J  Heb.  associate 
themselves. 


f  Or,  whom  she 
brouglu  forth. 


X  Or,  in  his  place, 
or,  office,  ver.  20. 


f  Or,  war. 


r  Is.  8.  8. 

J  Or,  then  shall 

he  be  stirred  up 

airain. 


*  Heb.  at  the  end 
of  timet;  even 
years.  Da.  4.  16. 
&.  12.7. 


t  Heb.  the  rhil- 
dren  ofrobbTs. 

X  Heb.  the  city  of 

munitions. 
*  Heb.  the  people 

of  his  choices. 


t  Or,  goodly  land. 
Da.  8.  9.  ver.  41, 
45.  Heb. /a«^o/ 
ornament. 

J  Or,  much  up- 
rightness, or, 
equal  conditions. 

*  Heb.  to  corrupt. 

t  Heb. /or  Aim. 

X  Heb.  his  re- 
proach. 


s  Job  20.  8.  Ps. 
37.  36.  Ez.  26. 
21. 

*  Or,  in  his  place. 
ver.  7. 

f  Hch.  one  C/uit 
eauseth  an  ez- 
actor  to  pass 
over, 

X  Heb.  angers. 

*  Or,  in  his  place. 
t  Da.  7.  8.  &.  8, 9. 

23,  2.1. 

Fulfilled  nbout 
171  B.  C. 
u  Dn.  8.  25. 
t  Or,  in/,o  tJie 

peaceable  and  fat. 

^c. 
X  Heb.  think  his 

thoughts. 

Fullilleil  about 
170  11.  C. 


shall  be  a  great  dominion.  ^  And  in  the  end  of  years  they  sliall  tjoin 
themselves" together  ;  for  the  king's  daughter  of  the  south  shall  come 
to  the  king  of  the  north  to  make  *an  agreement.  But  she  shall  not 
retain  the  power  of  the  arm,  neither  shall  he  stand,  nor  his  arm  ;  but 
she  shall  be  given  up.  and  they  that  brought  her,  and  the  that  begat 
her,  and  he  that  strengthened  her  in  these  times.  "  But  out  of  a  branch 
of  her  roots  shall  one  stand  up  tin  his  estate,  which  shall  come  with 
an  army,  and  shall  enter  into  the  fortress  of  the  king  of  the  north,  and 
shall  deal  against  them,  and  shall  prevail.  ^And  shall  also  carry  cap- 
tives into  Egypt  their  gods,  with  their  princes,  and  with  *their  precious 
vessels  of  silver  and  of  gold  ;  and  he  shall  continue  more  years  than  the 
king  of  the  north.  ^  So  the  king  of  the  soutli  shall  come  into  his  king- 
dom, and  shall  return  into  his  own  land.  ^^  But  his  sons  shall  tbe  stirred 
up,  and  shall  assemble  a  multitude  of  great  forces  ;  and  one  shall 
certainly  come,  ^and  overflow,  and  pass  through  :  Uhen  shall  he  return, 
and  be  stirred  up,  even  to  his  fortress.  ^^  And  the  king  of  the  south 
shall  be  moved  with  choler,  and  shall  come  forth  and  fight  with  him, 
even  with  the  king  of  the  north  ;  and  he  shall  set  forth  a  great  multi- 
tude, but  the  multitude  shall  be  given  into  his  hand.  ^~  And  when  he 
hath  taken  away  the  multitude,  his  heart  shall  be  lifted  up  ;  and  he 
shall  cast  down  many  ten  thousands,  but  he  shall  not  be  strengthened 
by  it.  -^  For  the  king  of  the  north  shall  return,  and  shall  set  forth  a 
multitude  greater  than  the  former,  and  shall  certainly  come  *after  cer- 
tain years  with  a  great  army  and  with  much  riches.  ^^  And  in  those 
times  there  shall  many  stand  up  against  the  king  of  the  south  ;  also 
tthe  robbers  of  thy  people  shall  e.xalt  themselves  to  establish  the  vision, 
but  they  shall  fall.  ^^  So  the  king  of  the  north  shall  come,  and  cast  up 
a  mount,  and  take  tthe  most  fenced  cities ;  and  the  arms  of  the  south 
shall  not  withstand,  neither  *his  chosen  people,  neither  shall  there  be 
any  strength  to  withstand.  ^^  But  he  that  cometh  against  him  shall 
do  according  to  his  own  will,  and  none  shall  stand  before  him  ;  and  he 
shall  stand  in  the  iglorious  land,  which  by  his  hand  shall  be  consumed. 
^'  He  shall  also  set  his  face  to  enter  with  the  strength  of  his  whole 
kingdom,  and  tupright  ones  with  him  ;  (thus  shall  he  do  ;)  and  he 
shall  give  him  the  daughter  of  women,  ^corrupting  her  ;  but  she  shall 
not  stand  on  his  side,  neither  be  for  him.  ^^  After  this  shall  he  turn  his 
face  unto  the  isles,  and  shall  take  many  ;  but  a  prince  tfor  his  own 
behalf  shall  cause  tthe  reproach  offered  by  him  to  cease  ;  without  liis 
own  reproach  he  shall  cause  it  to  turn  upon  him.  ^^  Then  he  shall  turn 
his  face  toward  the  fort  of  his  own  land  ;  but  he  shall  stumble  and  fall, 
and  'not  be  found.  ~^  Then  shall  stand  up  *in  his  estate  fa  raiser  of 
taxes  in  the  glory  of  the  kingdom  ;  but  within  few  days  he  shall  be 
destroyed,  neither  in  tanger,  nor  in  battle.  -^  And  *in  his  estate  'shall 
stand  up  a  vile  person,  to  whom  they  shall  not  give  the  honor  of  the 
kingdom  ;  but  he  shall  come  in  peaceably,  and  obtain  tiie  kingdom  by 
flatteries.  —And  with  the  arms  of  a  flood  shall  they  be  overflown  from 
before  hiin,  and  shall  be  broken  ;  yea,  also  the  prince  of  the  covenant. 
2^  And  after  the  league  made  with  him  "he  shall  work  deceitfully  ;  for  he 
shall  come  up,  and  shall  become  strong  with  a  small  people.  -'  He  shall 
enter  ipeaceably  even  upon  the  fiittcst  places  of  the  province  ;  and  lie 
shall  do  that  which  his  fathers  have  not  done,  nor  his  fathers'  fathers  ; 
he  shall  scatter  among  them  the  prey,  and  spoil,  and  riches :  yea,  and 
he  shall  tforecast  his  devices  against  the  strong-holds,  even  for  a  time. 
-'"  And  he  shall  stir  up  his  power  and  his  courage  against  the  king  of  the 
south  with  a  great  army  ;  and  the  king  of  the  south  shall  be  stirred  up 
to  battle  with  a  very  irreat  and  mighty  army  :  but  he  shall  not  stand, 
for  they  shall  forecast  devices  against  him.  -*'  Yea,  they  that  feed  of 


Part  I. 


THE  LAST  VISION  OF  DANIEL. 


1097 


ti  1   Mac.  ].  19, 

&c. 
M  2  .Mac  5.  11, 

U,  &c. 

Fulfilled  about 

l()t»  B.  C. 

tFuliilled  about 

V-o8  B.  C. 
X  Xn.  24.  24.  Je. 

2.  10. 
2/  1  Mac.  1.  30, 

4  4,  .tc.  2.Mac. 

5.  24,  ice. 

I  Or,  asUmlsh- 

eih. 
1  1  .Mac.  1.  43, 

.52.  2  .Mac.  4.  13, 

14.  .<c  5.  15. 

*  Or.  rause  to dU- 

a  .Mai.  2.  7. 

*  Heb.  11.  34, 

&c. 
c  1  Pe.  1.7. 
^  Or,  by  them. 
d2Tlies.  2.  4. 

Re.  13.  5,  6. 
e  1  Ti.  4.  3. 
/Is.  14.  13. 

2  Thes.  2.  4. 
J  Or,  Bat  in  his 

stead. 

*  Heb.  as  for  the 
AbmghUj  Ooil, 
in  his  scat  he 
shall  honor,  yea, 
he  shall  honor  a 
god,  whom,  fyc. 

■f  Or,  munitions. 
Heb.  Maimim, 
or,  gods  protec- 


*  Up.b.  furtresses 
of  munitions, 

t  Heb.  a  price. 
g  Is.  21.  J.  Zee. 

9.  14. 
A  Ez.  38.  4,  15. 

Re.  9.  16. 
J  Or,  goodly  land, 

ver.  Ifi.  Heb. 

land  of  delight, 

or,  ornament. 
iU.  11.  14. 

*  Heb.  send  forth. 
jEz.  11.  8. 

k  Ps.  48.  2. 

2  Thes.  2.  4. 

f  Or,  goodly. 
lUh'.momaain 
of  delight  of  holi- 
ness. 

I  1  Mac.  6.  8-16. 
2  Thes.  2.8.  Re. 
10   20. 

mis.  26.20,21. 
Je.  30.  7.  Mat. 
34.  21.  Re.  16. 


the  portion  of  his  meat  shall  destroy  him,  and  his  army  shall  overflow ; 
and  many  shall  fall  down  slain.  -"^  And  both  these  kings'  *hearts  shaW 
be  to  do  mischief,  and  they  shall  speak  lies  at  one  table  ;  but  it  shah 
not  prosper,  for  yet  the  end  shall  be  at  the  time  appointed.  ~^  Then 
shall  he  return  into  his  land  "with  great  riches  ;  and  '"his  heart  shall 
be  against  the  holy  covenant ;  and  he  shall  do  exploits,  and  return  to 
his  own  land.  ^^  At  thettime  appointed  he  shall  return,  and  come  to- 
ward the  south  ;  but  it  shall  not  be  as  the  former,  or  as  the  latter. 

30uPq|.  ^ti^g  ships  of  Chittim  shall  come  against  him  ;  therefore  he 
shall  be  grieved,  and  return,  and  have  indignation  "against  the  holy 
covenant.  So  shall  he  do  ;  he  shall  even  return,  and  have  intelligence 
with  them  that  forsake  the  holy  covenant.  ^^  And  arms  shall  stand  on 
his  part,  and  they  shall  pollute  the  sanctuary  of  strength,  and  shall  take 
away  the  daily  sacrifice,  and  they  shall  place  the  abomination  that 
tmaketh  desolate.  ^^  And  ^such  as  do  wickedly  against  the  covenant 
shall  he  *corrupt  by  flatteries  ;  but  the  people  that  do  know  their  God 
shall  be  strong,  and  do  exploits.  ^^  And  "they  that  understand  among 
the  people  shall  instruct  many  ;  ''yet  they  shall  fall  by  the  sword,  and 
by  flame,  by  captivity,  and  by  spoil,  many  days.  =^'*Now  when  they  shall 
fall,  they  shall  be  holpen  with  a  little  help  ;  but  many  shall  cleave  to 
them  with  flatteries.  ^^  And  some  of  them  of  understanding  shall  fall, 
"to  try  f  them,  and  to  purge,  and  to  make  them  white,  even  to  the  time 
of  the  end  ;  because  it  is  yet  for  a  time  appointed.  ^^  And  the  king 
shall  do  according  to  his  will ;  and  he  shall  ''exalt  himself,  and  magnify 
himself  above  every  god,  and  shall  speak  marvellous  things  against  the 
God  of  gods,  and  shall  prosper  till  the  indignation  be  accomplished  ; 
for  that  that  is  determined  shall  be  done.  ^^  Neither  shall  he  regard  the 
God  of  his  fathers,  "nor  the  desire  of  women,  -^nor  regard  any  god  ; 
for  he  shall  magnify  himself  above  all.  ^*^  tBut  *in  his  estate  shall  he 
honor  the  God  of  tforces ;  and  a  god  whom  his  fathers  knew  not  shall 
he  honor  with  gold,  and  silver,  and  with  precious  stones,  and  tpleasant 
things.  ^^  Thus  shall  he  do  in  the  *most  strong  holds  with  a  strange 
god,  whom  he  shall  acknowledge  and  increase  with  glory  ;  and  he  shall 
cause  them  to  rule  over  many,  and  shall  divide  the  land  for  tgain. 
■*°  And  at  the  time  of  the  end  shall  the  king  of  the  south  push  at  him ; 
and  the  king  of  the  north  shall  come  against  him  ""like  a  whirlwind, 
with  chariots,  ''and  with  horsemen,  and  with  many  ships  ;  and  he  shall 
enter  into  the  countries,  and  shall  overflow  and  pass  over.  "^^  He  shall 
enter  also  into  the  tglorious  land,  and  many  countries  shall  be  over- 
thrown ;  but  these  shall  escape  out  of  his  hand,  even  *Edom,  and  Moab, 
and  the  chief  of  the  children  of  Amnion.  ^^  He  shall  *stretch  forth  his 
hand  also  upon  the  countries  ;  and  the  land  of  Egypt  shall  not  escape. 
43  But  he  shall  have  power  over  the  treasures  of  gold  and  of  silver, 
and  over  all  the  precious  things  of  Egypt ;  and  the  Libyans  and  the 
Ethiopians  shall  be  ^at  his  steps.  '^*  But  tidings  out  of  the  east  and  out 
of  the  north  shall  trouble  him  ;  therefore  he  shall  go  forth  with  great 
fury  to  destroy,  and  utterly  to  make  away  many.  ^^  And  he  shall  plant 
the  tabernacles  of  his  palace  between  the  seas  in  ''the  tglorious  holy 
mountain  ;   'yet  he  shall  come  to  his  end,  and  none  shall  help  him. 

^  "  And  at  that  time  shall  Michael""  stand  up,  the  great  Daniel  xii. 
prince  which  standeth  for  the  children  of  thy  people  ;  '"and 


(•2)  Much  discussion  has  at  various  times  been 
entered  into  respecting  the  meaning  of  the  word 
Micliael,  which  occurs  in  this  last  vision  of  Daniel. 
Many  learned  men  are  of  opinion  that  Michael  is 
but  a  name  for  Clirist,  or  the  Angel  of  the  Cove- 
nant, the  Angel  Jehovah. 

Lightfoot   is    of  this   opinion.     In    liis    fifth    of 

VOL.  I.  138 


November  Sermon,  preached  at  Ely 
Church  he  was  a  prebendary,  in  1661 
cussinff  the   passage  in   Daniel 


of  which 
he  is  dis- 
21.  "There  is 
none  that  holdeth  with  me  but  Michael  your  Prince. 
Who  is  the  Prince  of  the  Church  but  Christ,"  &o. 
—Vide  Lightfoot's  Worl.-s.  vol.  ii.  p.  114. 

The    learned    Joseph    Mcde    is   of  the    opposite 

4  n" 


.098 


BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  RESUMED ;       [Period  VIII. 


nRo.  11.  26. 

o  Ex.  32.  32.  Ps. 

56.  8.  &  69.  28. 

Ez.  13.  9.  Lu. 

10.  20.  Phil.  4. 

3.  Re.  3.  5.  & 

18.8. 
p  Mat.  25.  46.  Jo. 

5.  23, 29.  Ac.  24. 

15. 
q  Is.  66.  24,  Ro. 

9.21. 
X  Or,  teachers. 
r  Pr.  4.  18.  Wisd. 

3.  7.  Mat.  13. 43. 
s  Ja.  5.  20. 
t  1  Co.  15.41,42. 
u  Re.  10.  4.  &.  22. 

10. 
*  Heb.  lip. 
■J-  Or,  from  above. 

V  See  Ge.  14.  22. 
v>  Re.  12.  14. 
%  Or,  part. 
X  Lu.  21.  24.  Re. 
10.7. 


y  Zee.  13.  9. 
t  Ho.  14.  9.  Re. 
9.  20.  &  22.  11. 
a  Lu.  24.  25. 

*  Heb.  to  set  up 

the  abomination, 

Xfc. 
t  Or,  astonisheth. 
i  Or,  and  thou, 

4-c.  Is.  .57.  2. 

Re.  14.  13. 


A.  M.   34.55. 
B.  C.  520. 


there  shall  be  a  time  of  trouble,  such  as  never  was  since  there  was  a 
nation  even  to  that  same  time.  And  at  that  time  thy  people  "shall  be 
delivered,  every  one  that  shall  be  "found  written  in  the  book.  ^  And 
many  of  them  that  sleep  in  the  dust  of  the  earth  shall  awake,  ''some 
to  everlasting  life,  and  .some  to  shame  'and  everlasting  contempt.  ^  And 
they  that  be  twise  shall  'shine  as  the  brightness  of  the  firmament ; 
'and  they  that  turn  many  to  righteousness,  'as  the  stars  for  ever  and 
ever.  "^  But  thou,  O  Daniel,  "shut  up  the  words,  and  seal  the  book, 
even  to  the  time  of  the  end  :  many  shall  run  to  and  fro,  and  knowledge 
shall  be  increased." 

^  Then  I  Daniel  looked,  and,  behold,  there  stood  other  two,  the  one 
on  this  side  of  the  *bank  of  the  river,  and  the  other  on  that  side  of 
the  bank  of  the  river.  '^  And  one  said  to  the  man  clothed  in  linen, 
which  was  tupon  the  waters  of  the  river,  "  How  long  shall  it  be  to  the 
end  of  the.se  wonders  ?  "  ^  And  I  heard  the  man  clothed  in  linen,  which 
was  upon  the  waters  of  the  river,  when  he  "held  up  his  right  hand  and 
his  left  hand  unto  heaven,  and  sware  by  Him  that  livetli  for  ever  "that 
it  shall  be  for  a  time,  times,  and  la  half;  ^and  when  he  shall  have 
accomplished  to  scatter  the  power  of  the  holy  people,  all  these  things 
shall  be  finished.  ^  x\nd  I  heard,  but  I  understood  not ;  then  said  I, 
"O  my  Lord,  what  shall  be  the  end  of  these  things?  "  ^  And  he  said, 
"  Go  thy  way,  Daniel ;  for  the  words  are  closed  up  and  sealed  till  the 
time  of  the  end.  '°  Many  ^shall  be  purified,  and  made  white,  and 
tried  ;  "'but  the  wicked  shall  do  wickedly.  And  none  of  the  wicked 
shall  understand  ;  but  "the  wise  shall  understand.  ^^  And  from  the  time 
that  the  daily  sacrifice  shall  be  taken  away,  and  *the  abomination  that 
tmaketh  desolate  set  up,  there  shall  be  a  thousand  two  hundred  and 
ninety  days.  ^^  Blessed  is  he  that  waiteth,  and  cometh  to  the  thousand 
three  hundred  and  five  and  thirty  days.  ^^  But  go  thou  thy  way  till  the 
end  be  ;  tfor  thou  shalt  rest,  and  stand  in  thy  lot  at  the  end  of  the  days." 

Section  IV. —  The  Building  of  the  Temple  resumed ;— Hag gai  and  Zecha- 
riah  prophesy. 

Ezra  iv.  luttrr  part  ofver.  24,  v.  1 .— Haggai  i.  ]-ll.— Ezra  v.  2.— Hag.  i.  12,  to  the  end. 
ii.  1-9.— Zech.  i.  1-6. — Hag.  ii.  10,  to  the  ewrf.— Zech.  i.  7, to  the  end,  and  ii.-vi. 

//«<-"-ai  reproi-eth  the  people  for  iieghclintr  the  Imildino;  the  house.  He  inciieth  them,  thereto.  Ze- 
rubbahel  and  Shealtiel  .set  forvard  the  bvildiug.  Haggai  promiseth  them.  God  s  assistance,  and 
encoura-reth  the  people  to  the  work  by  the  promise  of  greater  gloi-y  to  the  second  temple  than,  was  in 
the  first  Zechariak  exiwrteth  the  people  to  repentance.  Haggai,  by  the  type  of  holy  tlmigs  and 
unclean,  showeth  that  their  sins  hindered  the  work.  God's  promise  to  Zernbbabel.  At  the  prayer 
of  the  ano-el  comfortable  promises  are  mude  to  Jemsalem  by  Zechanah.  His  msion  of  the  Jour 
korns  and  the  four  carpenters.  — Zv.cn.  \\.  1  God,  in  the  care  of  Jerusalem,  sendeth  to  measure, 
it  6  The  redemption  of  Zion.  10  The  promise  of  God's  presence.  — Zkch.  in.  1  Iwler  the 
tvve  of  Joshua,  the  high  priest,  receirins  clean  garments,  and  a  covenant  of  promise.  8  Lhnst  the 
Branch  and  Corner  Stone  is  promised.  — Zbch.  iv.  1  By  the  golden  candlestick  is  foreshotced 
the  'rood  success  of  Zerubbabel's  foundation.  11  By  the  two  olire  trees  the  two  anointed  ones. 
—  Zfch  V  1  By  the  flying  roll  is  showed  the  cnr.se  of  thierse  and  swearers.  5  By  a  woman 
pressed  in  an  ephah,  the  jnal  fndoment  of  wickedness.  — Zy.cm.  f.  \  The  vision  of  the  fonr 
chariots.  9  By  the  crowns  of  Joshua  are  showed  the  temple  and  kingdom  of  Christ  the  Branch. 

So  it  ceased  unto  the  second  year  of  the  reign  of  Darius  king  of 
"'Tersia.  ^  Then  the  prophets,  Haggai  the  prophet,  and  E/ka  v.  1. 
Zechariah  the  son  of  Iddo,  prophesied  unto  the  Jews  that 


opinion.  Scd  quis,  inqnics,  est  iste.  Michael?  jXun 
opinor  Christus  ipse,  scd,'  «fec.— Mede's  IVorhs,  p. 
4<jr),  linel. 

Bishop  Horsley,  in  liia  Sermon  on  the  IVatchers, 
supposes  that  Michael  is  merely  a  name  given  to 
Christ;  and  after  much  ingenious  discussion,  he 
thus  proceeds :  "  From  all  this  it  is  evident  that 
Michael  is  a  name  for  our  Lord  himself,  in  his  ]>ar- 
ticular  character  of  the  champion  of  his  faithful 
people,  against  the  violence  of  the  apostate  faction, 
and  tlie  wiles  of  the  d.>vil.  In  this  point  T  have  a 
host  of  the  learned  on  my  side  •,  and  it  will  be  fur- 
ther evident  from  what  is  yet  to  come."— Horsley's 
Sermons,  vol.  ii.  p.  376. 


Bishop  Warburton  has  given  his  vote  on  tlie  op- 
posite side,  in  a  very  singular  remark  contained  in 
the  thirty-fourth  of  his  letters,  p.  02. 

Mr.  Faber  too  agrees  with  Liglitfoot  and  Horsley 
in  their  opinion  that  Michael  was  Christ.  See  the 
aririunents  on  this  point,  admirably  discussed  in  the 
fifth  Exercitation  of  the  learned  Witsius.  With 
the  most  commendable  impartiality  he  has  examined 
both  sides  of  this  question,  and  I  think  the  reader 
will  be  inclined  to  adopt  his  conclusion,  that 
Michael  the  Archnn<rel  is  the  Saviour  of  the  Chris- 
tian Church —Vide  Witsius,  Miscel.  Sacra,  Exerc. 
5 — Dc  Michaele. 

('^)  A  new  dynasty  of  kings  may  in  one  sense  be 


Part  I.]  HAGGAI  PROPHESIES.  1099 

were  in  Judah  and  Jerusalem  in  the  name  of  the  God  of  Israel,  even 
unto  them. 

1  In  the  second  year  of  Darius  the  king,   in  the   sixth     Hag.  i.  i-ii. 
month,  in  the  first  day  of  the  month,  came  the  word  of  the 
*  Heb.  by  ae       LoRD  *by  Haggai  the  prophet  unto  "Zerubbabel  the  son  of  Shealtiel, 
a^i"ch!:!!'i7f?9.   tgovernor  of  Judah,  and  to  Joshua  the  son  of  Josedech,  the  high  priest, 
saying,  ^  Thus   speaketh   the  Lord  of  hosts,  saying.  This  people  say, 
The  time  is  not  come,  the  time  that  the  Lord's  house  should  be  built. 
2  Then  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  by  Haggai  the  prophet,  saying, — 
'*  Is  it  time  for  you,  O  ye, 
To  dwell  in  your  ceiled  houses,  and  this  house  lie  waste  ? 
^  Now  therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 
X  Heb.  Set  your         tCousidcr  your  ways  ! 
Jays. "Lr^^ 40.    ^  Yc  havc  ''sowu  much — and  bring  in  little  : 
^P'^u.^^-^^^-r^?:        Ye  eat — but  ye  have  not  enough  ; 

4.  10.  Mic.b.  14,  ,,        ,    .     ,  ,    •'  ^,,     r       •   1       1    •     1 

15.  Ye  drink — but  ye  are  not  filled  with  drink  ; 

Ye  clothe  you — but  there  is  none  warm  ; 
c  Zee.  8. 10.  And  'he  that  earneth  wages   earneth  wages  to  put  it  into  a  bag 

Heb.  pierced  **with   llolcS. 

■^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 


Wat.  1.  \-2.  Lu. 
3.27. 
f  Or,  captain. 


tkrougk. 


®  Go  up  to  the  mountain,  and  bring  wood. 

And  build  the  house  ;  and  I  will  take  pleasure  in  it, 

And  I  will  be  glorified,  saith  the  Lord. 
9  Ye  looked  for  much — and,  lo,  it  came  to  little  ; 
\ot,bioiBit  And  when  ye  brought  it  home — I  did  tblow  upon  it. 

away.  Why  ?  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

Because  of  my  house  that  is  waste, 
d  Le  26  19  ue         ^"^^  ^^  *"""  cvcry  man  unto  his  own  house. 
•2rf.kiKi.8."    10  Therefore  ''the  heaven  over  you  is  stayed  from  dew, 

And  the  earth  is  stayed  from  her  fruit. 
el Ki.  17. 1.        11  And  'I  called  for  a  drought 

Upon  the  land,  and  upon  the  mountains, 

And  upon  the  corn,  and  upon  the  new  wine,  and  upon  the  oil, 

And  upon  that  which  the  ground  bringeth  forth, 

And  upon  men,  and  upon  cattle. 

And  upon  all  the  labor  of  the  hands. 


said  to  have  commenced  with  Darius  Hystaspes,  mitted  to  us  on  which  we  can  depend,  but  that  he 
who  in  the  second  year  of  his  reign  published  the  was  the  first  prophet  commissioned  to  make  known 
decree  for  the  resuming  the  building  of  the  temple,  the  divine  will  to  the  Jews  after  their  return  from 
which  had  been  discontinued  since  the  third  year  captivity.  The  general  opinion,  founded  on  the  as- 
of  Cyrus.  From  the  publication  of  this  decree  may  sertion  of  the  Pseudo-Epiphanius,  is,  that  he  was 
be  reckoned  the  thorough  restoration  of  the  Jewish  born  at  Babylon,  and  was  one  of  the  Jews  who  re- 
state. The  dynasty  of  Cyrus,  Cambyses,  and  turned  with  Zerubbabel,  in  consequence  of  the  edict 
Smerdis,  being  at  an  end,  the  edict  which  prohibit-  of  Cyrus.  The  same  author  affirms  that  he  was 
ed  the  building  of  the  temple  was  considered  obso-  buried  at  Jerusalem  among  the  priests,  whence 
lete,  yet  the  Jews  neglected  to  resume  the  work,  some  have  conjectured  that  he  was  of  the  family 
On  account  of  this  negligence  God  smote  the  land  of  Aaron.  The  times  of  his  predictions,  however, 
with  barrenness,  so  that  both  the  vintage  and  har-  are  so  distinctly  marked  by  himself,  that  we  have 
vest  failed  them.  But  in  the  second  year  of  Darius,  as  much  certainty  on  this  point  as  we  have  with 
the  prophet  Haggai  being  commanded  to  inform  the  respect  to  any  of  the  prophets. 
Jews  of  the  caus'e  of  this  judgment  upon  them,  in  The  Jews,'who  were  released  from  captivity  in 
obedience  to  his  e.xhortations,  they  proceed  with  the  first  year  of  the  reign  of  Cyrus  (Ezra  i.  ],c< 
the  work.  This  took  place  in  the  second  year  of  seq.).  having  returned  to  Jerusalem  and  commen- 
Darius,  the  sixth  month,  in  the  first  day  of  the  ced  the  rebuilding  of  the  temple  (Ezra  ii.  1),  were 
month,  vide  Haggai,  i.  1,  compared  with  Ezra  v.  1.  interrupted  in  their  undertakings  by  the  neighbour- 
The  arrangement  of  the  several  passages  of  the  ing  satraps,  who  contrived  to  prejudice  the  Persian 
prophecies  of  Haggai  and  Zechariah,  contained  in  monarch  against  them  (Ezra  iv.  1,  with  24),  until 
this  section,  is  made  on  the  authority  of  the  various  the  second  year  of  Darius.  Discouraged  by  these 
dates  assigned  by  the  prophets  themselves.  Com-  impediments,  the  people  ceased,  for  fourteen  years, 
pare  Haggai  i.  1.  with  Ezra  v.  1;  Haggai  i.  V2,  to  prosecute  the  erection  of  the  second  temple,  as 
with  Ezra  v.  2;  Hao-gai  ii  1,  Zech.  i.  1;  Haggai  if  the  time  were  not  yet  come,  and  applied  tliem- 
ii.  10,  and  Zechariah  T.  7.  selves  to  the  building  of  their  own  houses ;  for 
With  respect  to  Haggai,  there  is  nothing  trans-  which  thev  are  reproved  by  Haggai,  chap.  i.  1-12. 


1100  BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  RESUMED;        [Period  VII, 

2  Then  rose  up  Zerubbabel   the   son  of  Shealtiel,  and        Ezka  v.  2. 
Jeshua  the  son  of  Jozadak,  and  began  to  build  the  house 
of  God  which  is  at  Jerusalem  :  and  with  them  were  the  prophets  of 
God  helping  them. 

^~  Then  Zerubbabel  the  son  of  Shealtiel,  and  Joshua  the     Hag.  i.  12,  to 
son  of  Josedech,  the  high  priest,  with  all  the  remnant  of        **«  <^"''- 
the   people,  obeyed  the  voice  of  the  Lord  their  God,  and  the  words 
of  Haggai  the  prophet,  as  the  Lord  their  God  had  sent  him,  and  the 
people  did  fear  before  the  Lord. 

'^Then  spake  Haggai  the  Lord's  messenger  in  the  Lord's  message 
/gMat- 28.20.  Ro.  unto  the  pcoplc,  sayiug,  I  ^am  witii  you,  saith  the  Lord.  ^^  And 
g-2Ch.36.2>.  *^the  Lord  stirred  up  the  spirit  of  Zerubbabel  the  son  of  Shealtiel,  gov- 
ernor of  Judah,  and  the  spirit  of  Joshua  the  son  of  Josedech,  the  high 
priest,  and  the  spirit  of  all  the  remnant  of  the  people  ;  and  they  came 
and  did  work  in  the  house  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  their  God,  ^^  in  the 
four  and  twentieth  day  of  the  sixth  month,  in  the  second  year  of  Da- 
rius the  king. 

^  In  the  seventh  month,  in  the  one  and  twentieth  day     Hag.  ii.  1-9. 
J  Ueh.bythe       of  the  uiouth.  Came  the  word  of  the  Lord  tby  the  prophet 
hand  of.  Haggai,  saying,  -  Speak  now  to  Zerubbabel  the  son  of  Shealtiel,  gov- 

ernor of  Judah,  and  to  Joshua,  the  son  of  Josedech,  the  high  priest, 
and  to  the  residue  of  the  people,  saying, — 
^  Who  is  left  among  you 
That  saw  this  house 
In  her  first  glory  ? 
And  how  do  ye  see  it  now  ? 

Is  it  not  in  your  eyes  in  comparison  of  it  as  nothing  ? 
*  Yet  now  be  strong,  O  Zerubbabel,  saith  the  Lord  ; 
And  be  strong,  O  Joshua,  son  of  Josedech,  the  high  priest ; 
And    be  strong,  all  ye  people  of  the    land,  saith  the  Lord,  and 

work  ; 
For  I  am  with  you,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
A  Ex.  29. 45, 46.     5  Accordiug  Ho  the  word  that  I  covenanted  with  you 

When  ye  came  out  of  Egypt, 
«Neh.9. 20.  Is.         So  'my  spirit  remaineth  among  you  : 

63.  11-14.  -n  ^  I 

rear  ye  not  I 

^  For  tims  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
;He.  13.26-28.         Yct  ^ucc,  it  is  a  little  while, 
*  Joel  3. 16.  And  'I  will  shake  the  heavens,  and  the  earth, 

And  the  sea,  and  the  dry  land  ; 
■^  And  I  will  shake  all  nations, 
ZGe.49. 10.  Mai.       And  'the  Desire  of  all  nations  shall  come  : 
ii,27,4'6.  Ro.'         And  I  will  fill  this  house  with  glory,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
15. 9-io.  8  rpj^^   silver  is   mine,  and  the   gold  is  mine,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

mjo.  1. 14.  9  i^iie  "'glory  of  this  latter  house  shall  be  greater  than  of  the  former, 

n  Ps.  85.  8, 9.  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  ; 

Epii.Vi'4.  And  in  this  place  will  I  give  "peace,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts.'"* 

C*)  In  coiisfqiience    of  the   exhortations  of  the  ored  it  witli  his  presence.     In  all   other  respects 

prophet,  the  Jews  applied   themselves  diligently  to  this  latter  temple,  the  same  prophet  tells  us,  at  its 

the    rebuilding  of  the   temple  ;  and   to  encourage  first  building,  was  as  nothing  in  comparison  of  the 

them  to  go  on  vigorously  in  their  undertaking,  in  former. 

the  fourth  and  twentieth  day  of  the  sixth  month  The  Jews  reckon  up  five  several  marks  of  divine 

("compare    Haggai  i.   1    with  "Ezra  v.   15),  another  favor  which  distinguished  the  first  temple,  and  were 

message  from"  God   assures  them   of  his  presence  wanting  in  the  second.     The  ark  of  the  covenant, 

and  blessing.     And  further  to  stimulate  their  exer-  and  the  mercy-seat  which  was  upon  it ;  the  Shechi- 

tions,  Hagirai  a  month  after  (chap.  ii.    1)  promises  nah,  or  the  Divine  Presence  ;  the  Urim  and  Thum- 

them  that^the  glory  of  the  latter  house,  when  built,  mini  ;  the  holy  fire  upon  the  altar  ;  and   the   Spirit 

should    be   greater  than    the    glory   of  the    former  of  prophecy.     Now    the   absence   of  tliese   several 

house  ;  which  was  accordingly  accomplished,  when  things   was   abundantly  supplied   by  the   presence 

Christ  our  Lord  came  to  tills  his  temple,  and  hon-  of  that  Divine  Personage,  of  whom  each  of  them 


Part  I.] 


HAGGAI  PROPHESIES 


101 


*  Heb.  icith  dis- 
phasurc. 


p  Jr.  25.  5.  &.  35. 
]5.  Mic.  7.  19. 
Mai.  3.  7.  Lu. 
15.  20.  Ja.  4.  8. 

q  2  Ch.  36.  15, 


r  Is.  31.  6.  Je.  3. 
12.  &18.  11.  Ez. 
18.  30.  Ho.  14.  I. 


s  Is.  55.  1. 

t  Or,  overtake. 


£La.  1.  18.  &2. 
17. 


^  In  the  eighth  month,  in  the  second  year  of  Darius,       (15)Zech.  i. 
came  the  word  of  the  Lord  "unto  Zechariah,  the  son  of  l-C- 

Berechiah,  the  son  of  Iddo  the  prophet,  saying, — 

^  The  Lord  hath  been  *sore  displeased  with  your  fathers. 
3  Therefore  say  thou  unto  them. 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Turn  ''ye  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

And  I  will  turn  unto  you,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
'^  Be  ye  not  as  your  fathers, 

Unto  'whom  the  former  prophets  have  cried,  saying, 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Turn  '^ye  now  from  your  evil  ways,  and  from  your  evil  doings  ; 

But  they  did  not  hear, 

Nor  hearken  unto  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
^  Your  fathers,  where  are  they  ? 

And  the  prophets,  do  they  live  for  ever  ? 
^  But  ^iiy  words  and  my  statutes, 

Which  I  commanded  my  servants  the  prophets, 

Did  they  not  ttake  hold  of  your  fathers  ? 

And  they  returned  and  said, 

Like  'as  the  Lord  of  hosts  thought  to  do  unto  us. 

According  to  our  ways,  and  according  to  our  doings, 

So  hath  he  dealt  with  us. 

^'^  In  the  four  and  twentieth  day  of  the  ninth  month,*'"*   hag.  ii.  lo,  to 
in  the  second  year  of  Darius,  came  the  word  of  the  Lord        '^^  end. 
by  Haggai  the  prophet,  saying,  ^^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts.  Ask 
"now  the  priests  concerning  the   law,  saying,  ^~  If  one   bear  holy  flesh 


was  in  some  measure  typical.  Christ  may  be  called 
the  ark,  as  he  was  the  material  representative  of 
the  Deity,  in  which  was  deposited  tlie  perfect  law 
of  God.  Like  the  cedar  of  which  the  ark  was  com- 
posed, Christ  was  incorruptible  ;  and  the  golden 
crown  of  divinity  and  glory  was  upon  him,  as  it  was 
upon  the  ark.  Angels  attended  hiin  in  his  humil- 
iation, and  desired  to  penetrate  the  mystery  of  his 
incarnation  as  the  cherubim  bent  over  the  mercy- 
seat.  From  Him,  as  from  the  ark,  the  oracle  was 
given  to  man.  As  God  met  with  man  between  the 
cherubim  before  the  mercy-seat,  so  is  Christ  the 
meeting  place  between  God  and  man.  Christ  was 
the  Shechinah,  for  he  dwelt  or  tabernacled  among 
men,  the  true  glory  of  the  Shechinah.  The  Urim 
and  Thummim  were  not  required  when  the  Mes- 
siah was  on  earth,  he  only  has  given  those  clear 
oracular  answers,  which  shall  ever  instruct  the 
world  ;  the  others  were  but  typical  of  that  union  of 
light  and  perfection,  which  met  in  him  alone. 
Never  but  in  him  were  united  perfect  knowledge 
and  perfect  holiness.  He  is  the  Great  High  Priest 
who  has  spoken  with  the  mouth  of  God.  Tire  holy 
fire  was  not  necessary ;  it  was  but  typical  of  that 
eternal  flame  of  devotion,  purity,  and  love,  which 
God  requires,  and  Christ  exemplified.  The  spirit 
of  prophecy  was  not  wanted,  for  on  him  rested  the 
spirit  without  measure.  He  was  the  prophet  like 
imto  Moses,  in  bringing  in  a  new  dispensation  ; 
though  greater  than  Moses,  for  he  was  perfect  in 
himself,  and  grace  and  truth  are  better  than  tlie 
law.  Christ  united  in  himself  all  these  ornaments 
of  the  first  temple,  and  he  e.xcelled  them  all,  inas- 
much as  the  substance  is  superior  to  the.  shadow. 
These  things,  it  is  true,  made  the  first  temple  glo- 
rious ;  but  the  glory  of  the  second  temple  was 
indeed  greater  than  that  of  the  first ;  when 
Christ,  uniting  all  the  realities  of  wliich  the  first 
temple  were  but  typical,  presented  himself  in  the 
second  temple  to  the  admiring  and  wondering 
crowd,  as  the  true  Messiah,  tiie  expected  Hope,  and 
Saviour  of  Israel. 


Q''')  All  that  we  know  of  the  prophet  Zechariah 
is,  that  he  was  one  of  the  captives  who  returned  to 
Jerusalem  on  the  decree  of  Cyrus,  a  contemporary 
with  Haggai,  that  he  began  to  prophesy  two 
months  after  him,  and  that  he  was  commissioned 
as  well  as  Haggai  to  encourage  the  Jews  in  the 
building  of  their  temple.  He  prophesied  about  two 
years  :  his  last  revelation  having  been  delivered  in 
the  fourth  day  of  the  ninth  month  of  the  fourth 
year  of  Darius  Hystaspes,  (ch.  vii.  1.)  Zechariah 
therefore  probably  lived  to  witness  the  completion 
of  the  temple,  which  was  finished  six  years 
after. 

Zechariah  is  quoted  as  an  inspired  writer,  (Matt. 
xxi.  4,  5,)  and  the  minute  accomplishment  of  his 
own  prophecies  bears  a  signal  testimony  to  the 
truth  of  that  Divine  Spirit  by  which  he  was  in- 
spired. 

The  prophecy  of  Zechariah  consists  of  two 
parts,  the  first  of  which  concerns  the  events  which 
were  then  taking  place,  viz.  the  restoration  of  the 
temple,  interspersing  predictions  relative  to  tlie  ad- 
vent of  the  MessiaJi.  The  second  part  comprises 
prophecies  relative  to  more  remote  events,  particu- 
larly the  coming  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  the  war  of 
the  Romans  against  the  Jews. 

In  this  portion  of  the  first  chapter  he  exhorts  the 
Jews  to  repentance,  and  to  go  on  with  the  building 
of  the  temple. — Gray  and  Home  in  loc. 

('^)  On  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  the  ninth 
month,  the  Jews,  after  they  had  been  employed 
from  the  twenty-fourth  day  of  the  sixth  month 
(Haggai  i.  1-9,  and  15)  in  preparing  materials  for 
the  temple,  proceeded  again  with  the  building  of 
it;  whereupon  the  prophet  Haggai  promised  them 
from  God  a  deliverance  from  that  barrenness  of 
their  land  with  which  it  had  been  smitten,  and 
plentiful  increase  of  all  its  fruits  for  the  future. 
He  also  delivered  unto  Zerubbabel,a  message  from 
God,  of  mercy  and  favor  to  him. — Prideaux's  Con- 
nection, vol.  i.  p.  257. 


1102-  BUILDING  OF  TPIE  TEMPLE  RESUMED  ;     [Period  VIII. 

in  the  skirt  of  his  garment,  and  with  his  skirt  do  touch  bread,  or  pot- 
tage, or  wine,  or  oil,  or  any  meat,  shall  it  be  holy  ?  And  the  priests 
answered  and  said,  No.  ^^  Then  said  Haggai,  If  one  that  is  "un- 
eNu.  19. 11  clean  by  a  dead  body  touch  any  of  these,  shall  it  be  unclean? 
And  the  priests  answered  and  said,  It  shall  be  unclean.  ^"*  Then 
answered  Haggai,  and  said, — 
wTit.  1. 15.  So  "is  this  people,  and  so  is  this  nation 

Before  me,  saith  the  Lord  ; 

And  so  is  every  work  of  their  hands, 

And  that  which  they  ofter  there  is  unclean. 
^^  And  now,  I  pray  you,  consider 

From  this  day  and  upward. 

From  before  a  stone  was  laid  upon  a  stone 

In  the  temple  of  the  Lord. 
^^  Since  those  days  were, 
xZec.  8. 10.  When  ""one  came  to  a  heap  of  twenty  measures, 

There  were  but  ten  ; 

When  one  came  to  the  pressfat  for  to  draw  out  fifty  vessels  out  of 

There  were  but  twenty.  [the  press, 

^^  I  ''smote  you  with  blasting  and  with  mildew 

And  with  hail  in  all  the  labors  of  your  hands  ; 

Yet  *ye  turned  not  to  me,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  Consider  now 

From  this  day  and  upward. 

From  the  four  and  twentieth  day  of  the  ninth  month, 

Even  from  "the  day  that  the  foundation  of  the  Lord's  temple  was 

Consider  it.  [laid, 

^^  Is  Hhe  seed  yet  in  the  barn  ? 

Yea,  as  yet  the  vine,  and  the  fig  tree, 

And  the  pomegranate,  and  the  olive  tree,  hath  not  brought  forth ; 

From  this  day  will  I  bless  you. 

And  again  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Haggai  in  the  four 
and   twentieth  day  of   the  month,  saying,  ^^  Speak  to   Zerubbabel, 
governor  of  Judah,  saying, — 
e  See  Job  9. 6.  I  Svill  shake  the  heavens  and  the  earth  ; 

"i  Da- 2. 44.  Mat.   22  ^j^^j  dj  y^,[[[  overthrow  the  throne  of  kingdoms. 

And  I  will  destroy  the  strength  of  the  kingdoms  of  the  heathen  ; 
eMic. 5  10. Zee.       And  'I  will  overtluow  the  chariots,  and  those  that  ride  in  them; 

And  the  horses  and  their  riders  shall  come  down. 

Every  one  by  the  sword  of  his  brother. 
23  In  that  day,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

Will  I  take  thee,  O  Zerubbabel,  my  servant, 

The  son  of  Shealtiel,  saith  the  Lord, 

And  will  make  thee  as  a  signet ; 

For  I  have  chosen  thee,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

"  Upon  the  four  and  twentieth  day  of  the  eleventh  month,    (17)Zech.  i. 
which  is  the  month   Sebat,  in    the  second  year  of  Darius,      7,  to  end. 

(")  In  this  prophecy  of  Zechariah  it  is  predicted  The  adversaries  of  the  Jews  having  endeavoured 
that  Darius  should  permit  the  building  of  the  tein-  to  interrupt  their  work  (Ezra  v.),  in  order  to  encour- 
ple,  (chap.  i.  7-18.)  and  tliat  the  Samaritans  should  age  them,  the  restoration  of  the  temple  and  its  ser- 
be  compelled  to  suspend  their  opposition  to  the  vice  is  foretold  under  the  vision  of  Joshua  the  high 
building,  (18-21.)  Further,  to  encourage  the  Jews  priest,  arrayed  in  new  sacerdotal  attire,  (iii.  1-7;) 
in  their  work,  the  prophet  f'oretells  the  prosperity  whence,  by  an  easy  transition,  the  prophet  proceeds 
of  Jerusalem,  (ii.  1-5,)  and  admonishes  tiie  Jews  to  to  set  forth  the  glory  of  Christ  as  the  chief  corner- 
depart  from  Babylon  before  her  destruction,  ((Vn,)  stone  of  his  Church,  (8-10.) 

promising    them    the    divine    presence,    (10-13.)  Under  the  vision   of  the   golden  candlestick  and 

These  promises,  though  partly  fulfilled  by  the  pros-  two  olive  trees,  is  typical!}'  represented  the  success 

perity  of  the  Jews  under  the  Maccabees,  remained  of  Zerubbabel  and  Joshua  in  rebuilding  the  temple, 

to  be  still  more  fully  accomplished  after  the  restora-  and  restoring  its  service. 

tion  of  the  Jews,  and  their  conversion  to  the  Gospel.  Under  the  vision  of  a  flying  roll,  the  divine  judg- 


yDe. 
IKi. 
4.9. 

28. 
8. 

23. 

37. 

Am. 

iJe.S 
8-11. 

i.3 

.  Am.  4. 

a  Zee. 

8. 

9. 

dZee. 

8. 

12. 

Part  L]  ZECHARIAH  PROPHESIES  1103 

came  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  Zechariah,  the  son  of  Berechiali,  the 
son  of  Iddo  the  prophet,  saying, — 
/Jos.  5. 13.  Re.         8  J  gg^^  \yy  night,  and   behold,  -^a  man  riding  upon  a  red  horse,  and 
he  stood  among  the  myrtle  trees  that  were  in  the  bottom  ;  and  behind 
tOi,bay.  him  were   there   red    horses,  tspeckled,  and   white.     ^  Then    said    I, 

O  my  lord,  what  are  these  ?  and  the  angel  that  talked  with  me  said 
unto  me,  I  will  show  thee  what  these  be.  '"  And  the  man  that  stood 
^He.  1. 14.  among  the  myrtle  trees  answered  and  said,  These  '"are  they  whom  the 
Lord  hath  sent  to  walk  to  and  fro  through  the  earth.  ^^  And  they 
answered  the  angel  of  the  Lord  that  stood  among  the  myrtle  trees, 
and  said.  We  have  walked  to  and  fro  through  the  earth,  and,  behold, 
all  the  earth  sitteth  still,  and  is  at  rest. 
A  Re.  6. 10.  ^2  Then  the  angel  of  the  Lord  answered  and  said,  O ''Lord  of 

hosts,  how  long  wilt  thou  not  have  mercy  on  Jerusalem  and  on  the 
iJe.25. 11, 12.  cities  of  Judah,  against  which  thou  hast  had  indignation  'these  three- 
score and  ten  years  ?  ^^  And  the  Lord  answered  the  angel  that  talked 
with  me  with  good  words  and  comfortable  words.  ^'*  So  the  angel  that 
communed  with  me  said  unto  me, — 

Cry  thou,  saying.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts ; 
I  am  jealous  for  Jerusalem 
And  for  Zion  with  a  great  jealousy. 
^^  And  I  am  very  sore  displeased  with  the  heathen  that  are  at  ease ; 
For  I  was  but  a  little  displeased, 
And  they  helped  forward  the  affliction. 
'^  Therefore  thus  saith  the  Lord, 

I  am  returned  to  Jerusalem  with  mercies ; 
My  house  shall  be  built  in  it,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
And  a  line  shall  be  stretched  forth  upon  Jerusalem. 
^"^  Cry  yet,  saying.  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
*  Heb.  good  My  cities  through  *  prosperity  shall  yet  be  spread  abroad  ; 

j  Is.  51.3.  And  ^the  Lord  shall  yet  comfort  Zion, 

k  Is.  14. 1.  And  *shall  yet  choose  Jerusalem. 

^^  Then  lifted  I  up  mine  eyes,  and  saw,  and  behold  four  horns. 
^^  And  I  said  unto  the  angel  that  talked  with  me,  What  be  these  ? 
J  Ezra  4. 1, 4, 7.  And  he  answered  me.  These  'are  the  horns  which  have  scattered 
Judah,  Israel,  and  Jerusalem.  ~^  And  the  Lord  showed  me  four  car- 
penters. ^^  Then  said  I,  What  come  these  to  do  ?  And  he  spake, 
saying,  These  are  the  horns  which  have  scattered  Judah,  so  that  no 
man  did  lift  up  his  head  ;  but  these  are  come  to  fray  them,  to  cast  out 
the  horns  of  the  Gentiles,  which  lifted  up  their  horn  over  the  land  of 
Judah  to  scatter  it. 

^  I   lifted    up    mine    eyes    again,   and    looked,    and    be-     Zkch.  ii. 
mEz.  40.3.         hold   '"a  iiiau  with   a  measuring   line   in   his   hand.  ~  Then 
TiRe.  II.  1.&21.  said  I,  Whither  goest   thou?     And   he    said    unto  me,  To  "measure 
'    "  Jerusalem,  to  see  what  is  the  breadth  thereof,  and  what  is  the  length 

thereof.  ^  And,  behold,  the  angel  that  talked  with  me  went   forth,  and 
another  angel  went  out  to  meet  him,  ^  and  said  unto  him,  Run,  speak 
to  this  young  man,  saying, — 
0  Je.  31. 27.  Ez.  Jerusalem  "shall  be  inhabited  as  towns  without  walls 

'    ■  For  the  multitude  of  men  and  cattle  therein  ; 


For  I,  saith  the  Lord, 


ments  are  denounced  against  robbery  and  perjury,  crowns  placed   upon  the   head  of  Joshua,  are   set 

(v.  1-4)  ;  and  the  Jews  are  threatened  with  a  second  forth,  primarily ,  the  recstablishment  of  the  civil  and 

captivity,  if  they  continue  in  sin,  (5-11.)  religious  polity  of  tlie  Jews,  under  Zerubbabel  and 

Under  the  vision  of  the  four  chariots,  drawn  by  Joshua;  and  secondarily,  the   high  priesthood   and 

several  sorts  of  horses,  are  represented  the  succes-  kingdom  of  Christ,  emphatically  termed  here  "  the 

sions  of  the   Babylonian,  Persian,  Macedo-Greek,  Branch." — Home's  Critical  Introduction. 
and   Roman  empires,   (vi.  1-8)  ;  and    by  the  two 


1104 


BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  RESUMED  ;     [Period  VID. 


p  Is.  26.  I. 


J  Is 

CO 

19. 

Re. 

21. 

23. 

ris 

48. 

20.  &  52. 

11. 

Je. 

1.  14.  & 

50. 

8.  &.51 

■  6, 

45. 

.De 

.28.64. 

Ez. 

17. 

21. 

tRe 

.18 

4. 

dIs.  11.  15.  &19, 
lb. 


tp  Is.  12.  6.  &  54. 
1.  Zep.  3.  14. 

*  Le.  26.  12.  Ez. 

37.  27.  Jo.  1.  14. 

2  Co.  6.  16. 
y  Is.  2.  2,  3.  &. 

49.  22.  &  60.  3, 

&c. 

z  Ex.  12.  49. 
a  De.  32.  9. 


t  Heb.  the  habita- 
tion of  his  holi- 
ness, De.  26.  15. 
Is.  63.  15. 

X  That  is,  an  ad- 
versary. Job  1.6. 
Ps.  109.  6.  Re. 
12.  10. 

*  Ileb.  to  be  his 
adversary. 

6  Jude  9. 

e  Ro.  8.  33. 


«I3.  61.  10.  Lu. 
15.22. 


/Le.  8.  35.  1  Ki. 
2.  3.  Ez.  44.  16. 
t  Or,  ordinance. 


X  Heb.  walks. 

*  Heb.  men  of 
wondnr,  or,  sign, 
as  Ez.  12.  11,  & 
24.  24. 

g  Is.  42.  1.  &  49. 
-J,  5.  &  52.  13.  & 
53.  11.  Ez.  34. 
23,  24. 

ftls.  4.  2.  &  11. 
1.  Je.  23.  5.  & 
33. 15.  Lu.  1. 78. 

t  Re.  .5.  6. 

jJe.  31.  34.  ic.^O. 
20.  Mic.  7.  18, 
19.  Zee.  13.  1. 


Will  be  unto  her  ''a  wall  of  fire  round  about, 
And  'will  be  the  glory  in  the  midst  of  her. 

^  Ho  !  Ho  !  come  forth, 
And  flee  '^from  the  land  of  the  north,  saith  the  Lord  ; 
For  "I  have  spread  you  abroad 
As  the  four  winds  of  the  heaven,  saith  the  Lord. 
^  Deliver  'thyself,  O  Zion  ! 

That  dwellest  with  the  daughter  of  Babylon. 
^  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
After  the  glory  hath  he  sent  me 
Unto  the  nations  which  spoiled  you  ; 
For  he  that  "toucheth  you  toucheth  the  apple  of  his  eye. 
°  For,  behold,  "I  will  shake  my  hand  upon  them, 
And  they  shall  be  a  spoil  to  their  servants  ; 
And  ye  shall  know  that  the  Lord  of  hosts  hath  sent  me. 

^^  Sing  "and  rejoice,  O  daughter  of  Zion  ! 
For,  lo  !  I  come, 

And  ""I  will  dwell  in  the  midst  of  thee,  saith  the  Lord. 
^^  And  ^many  nations  shall  be  joined  to  the  Lord  in  that  day, 
And  shall  be  'my  people  ; 
And  I  will  dwell  in  the  midst  of  thee, 

And  thou  shall  know  that  the  Lord  of  hosts  hath  sent  me  unto  thee. 
^^  And  the  Lord  shall  "inherit  Judah  (his  portion  in  the  Holy  Land,) 

And  shall  choose  Jerusalem  again. 
^^  Be  silent,  O  all  flesh,  before  the  Lord  ! 

For  he  is  raised  up  out  of  this  holy  habitation. 
^  And  he  showed  me   Joshua    the    high    priest   standing    Zech.  iii. 
before  the   angel  of  the  Lord,  and  t Satan  standing  at  his 
right  hand   *to  resist  him.  -  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Satan, 
The  *LoRD  rebuke  thee,  O  Satan  ! 

Even  the  Lord  that  ^hath  chosen  Jerusalem  rebuke  thee  ! 
Is  ''not  this  a  brand  plucked  out  of  the  fire  ? 

^  Now  Joshua  was  clothed  with  filthy  garments,  and  stood  before 
the  angel.  ^  And  he  answered  and  spake  unto  those  that  stood  before 
him,  .saying,  Take  away  the  filthy  garments  from  him.  And  unto 
him  he  said.  Behold,  I  have  caused  thine  iniquity  to  pass  from  thee, 
"and  I  will  clothe  thee  with  change  of  raiment.  ^  And  I  said.  Let 
them  set  a  fair  mitre  upon  his  head.  So  they  set  a  fair  mitre  upon 
his  head,  and  clothed  him  with  garments.  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord 
stood  by. 

^  And  the  angel  of  the  Lord  protested  unto  Joshua,  saying, — 

^  Thus  saith  tJie  Lord  of  hosts, 
If  thou  wilt  walk  in  my  ways. 
And  if  thou  wilt  -^keep  my  tcharge, 
Then  thou  shalt  also  judge  my  house, 
And  shalt  also  keep  my  courts. 
And  I  will  give  thee  Iplaces  to  walk  among  these  that  stand  by. 

"^  Hear  now,  O  Joshua  the  high  priest. 
Thou,  and  thy  fellows  that  sit  before  thee, 
(For  they  are  *men  wondered  at  ;) 

For,  behold,  I  will  bring  forth  "my  servant  the  '^Branch. 
^  For  behold  the  stone  that  I  have  laid  before  Joshua, 
(Upon  one  stone  shall  be  *seven  eyes  ;) 

Beliold,  I  will  engrave  the  graving  thereof,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
And  ^I  will  remove  the  iniquity  of  that  land  in  one  day. 
^°  In  that  day,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 


Part  I.] 

it  1  Ki.  4.  25.  I3 
36.  lb.  .Mic.  4. 
4.  Jo.  1.  45-48. 


ZECHARIAH  PROPHESIES 


1105 


Zech.  iv. 


Re. 


I  Ex.  25 
1.  12. 

t  Heb.  her  bowl. 

VI  Ex.25.3T.  R« 
4.5. 

%  Or,  seven  seve- 
ral pipes  to  the 
lamps,  Sfc. 

n  Re.  11.  4. 


'  Ho.  1.  7. 
^  Or,  army. 


p  Je.  51.  25. 
Mat.  21.  21. 


t  Or,  since  the 
seven  eyes  of  the 
LORD  shall  re 
joice. 

X  Heb.  stone  of 
tin. 

?  See  Job  34. 21. 


t  Or,  empty  out  of 
themselves  oil  in- 
to the  gold. 

t  Heb.  the  gold. 

rRe.  11.4. 

*  Heb.  soTis  of  oil. 

sha.  1.  19. 

t  See  Jos.  3.  11, 
13. 

«  Ez.  2.  9. 


V  Mai.  4.  6. 


t  Or,  of  this  peo- 
ple that  stealeth 
holdeth  himself 
guiltless,  as  it 
doth. 


v>  Le.  19. 12.  Mai. 
3.5. 


X  See  Le.  14.  45. 


X  Or,  weighty 
piece. 

VOL.  I, 


Shall  'ye  call  every  man  his  neighbour 
Under  the  vine  and  under  the  fig  tree. 

'  And  the  angel  that  talked  with  me  came  again, 
and  waked  me,  as  a  man  that  is  wakened  out  of  his  sFeep' 
2 and  said  unto  me,  What  seest  thou?  And  I  said,  I  hkve  looked 
and  behold  'a  candlestick  all  of  gold,  with  +a  bowl  upon  the  top  of  it' 
and  '"his  seven  lamps  thereon,  and  Iseven  pipes  to  the  seven  lamps' 
•  which  are  upon  the  top  thereof;  ^and  "two  olive  trees  by  it  one 
upon  the  right  side  of  the  bowl,  and  the  other  upon  the  left' side 
thereof. 

J^So  I  answered  and  spake  to  the  angel  that  talked  with  me,  sayin^ 
What  are  these,  my  lord?    ^Then  the   angel    that  talked   with  me 
answered  and  said  unto  me,  Knowest  thou  not  what  these  be  '  And 
1  said    No,  my  lord.  «Then  he  answered  and  spake  unto  me,  say- 
mg,  This  is  the  word  of  the  Lord  unto  Zerubbabel,  saying,— 
Not  °by  *might,  nor  by  power. 
But  by  my  Spirit,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
''  Who  art  thou,  ''O  great  mountain  ? 
Before  Zerubbabel  thou  shalt  become  a  plain  ; 
And  he  shall  bring  forth  the  headstone  thereof 
With  shoutings,  crying,  Grace  !  grace  unto  it ! 

^  Moreover  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  sayint^,  ^The 
hands  of  Zerubbabel  have  laid  the  foundation  of  this  house  ;  his  hands 
shall  also  finish  it ;  and  thou  shalt  know  that  the  Lord  of  hosts  hath 
sent  me  unto  you.  lo  For  who  hath  despised  the  day  of  small  things  ? 
ttor  they  shall  rejoice,  and  shall  see  the  tplummet  in  the  hand  of  Ze- 
rubbabel with  those  seven  ;  they  'are  the  eyes  of  the  Lord,  which 
run  to  and  fro  through  the  whole  earth,  ii  Then  answered  I,  and  said 
unto  him.  What  are  these  two  olive  trees  upon  the  right  side  of  the 
candlestick  and  upon  the  left  side  thereof?  i^  And  I  answered  again, 
and  said  unto  him.  What  be  these  two  olive  branches  which  *  through 
13  ^A  ^7  u  ^°^''®"  P'P^^  tempty  tthe  golden  oil  out  of  them.selves  ? 
And  he  answered  me  and  said,  Knowest  thou  not  what  these  be  > 
And  I  said.  No,  my  lord.  '^  Then  said  he.  These  '"are  the  two 
anomted  ones,  ^that  stand  by  'the  Lord  of  the  whole  earth. 

Then  I  turned,  and  lifted  up  mine  eyes,  and  looked,      Zech  v 
and   behold   a   flying  "roll.  ^  And  he   said  unto  me.  What 
seest  thou  ?     And  I  answered,  I  see  a  flying  roll  ;  the  length  thereof 
IS  twenty  cubits,  and  the  breadth  thereof  ten  cubits.  ^  Then  said  he 
unto  me, — 

This  is  "the  curse  that  goeth  forth 
Over  the  face  of  the  whole  earth  ; 
For  every  one  tthat  stealeth  shall'be  cut  off" 
As  on  this  side  according  to  it ; 
And  every  one  that  sweareth  shall  be  cut  off" 
As  on  that  side  according  to  it. 
■*  I  will  bring  it  forth,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
And  It  shall  enter  into  the  house  of  the  thief. 
And  into  the  house  of  "him  that  sweareth  falsely  by  my  name  ; 
And  It  shall  remain  in  the  midst  of  his  house. 
And  "'shall  consume  it 
With  the  timber  thereof  and  the  stones  thereof. 

^Then  the  angel  that  talked  with  me  went  forth,  and  said  unto 

me.  Lift  up  now  thine  eyes,  and  see  what  is   this   that  goeth   forth. 

And    I    said.    What  is  it  ?     And    he  said,  This   is   an   ephah   that 

goet  1  torth.     He   said  moreover.  This   is  their  resemblance  through 

all  the   earth.   '  And,  behold,  there  was  lifted   up  a  Ualent  of  lead  - 

139  4  o  ' 


TI06  BUILDING  OF  THE  TE^TPLE  RESUMED,  &c.     [Period  VIII 

and  this  is  a  woman  that  sitteth  in  the  midst  of  the  ephah.  ^  And  he 
said,  This  is  Wickedness.  And  he  cast  it  into  the  midst  of  the 
ephah  ;  and  he  cast  the  weight  of  lead  upon  the  mouth  thereof.  ^  Then 
Ufted  I  up  mine  eyes,  and  looked,  and  behold,  there  came  out  two 
women,  and  the  wind  was  in  their  wings,  (for  they  had  wings  like  the 
wings  of  a  stork  ;)  and  they  Ufted  up  the  ephah  between  the  earth  and 
the  heaven.  '^  Then  said  I  to  the  angel  that  talked  with  me.  Whith- 
er do  these  bear  the  ephah?  ^^  And  he  said  unto  me,  To  build  it  a 
house  in  the  land  of  Shinar ;  and  it  shall  be  established,  and  set  there 
upon  her  own  base. 

'  And   I   turned,  and   lifted  up  mine  eyes,  and   looked,     Zech.  vi. 

and,   behold,    there   came    four  chariots  out  from  between 

two  mountains  ;  and  the  mountains  were  mountains  of  brass.  ^  In  the 

yEe.  6.4.  first  chariot  were  ^red  horses  :  and  in  the  second  chariot  ^black  horses  ; 

aRe62  ^  and  in  the  third  chariot  "white  horses;  and  in  the    fourth    chariot 

"*  ot,  strong.       grisled  and  *bay  horses.  ^  Then  I  answered  and  said  unto  the  angel 

that  talked  with  me,  What  are  these,  my  lord  ? 

J  Ps.  104. 4.  He.        5  ^jj^j  j}^g  gngcl  auswercd  and  said  unto  me.  These  ''are  the  four 

t  or.'urfmis.         tspirits  of  the  heavens,  which  go  forth  from  'standing  before  the  Lord 

«=^iKi. 22.^19.  Da.  of  all  the  earth.     ^The  black    horses  which  are  therein  go  forth  into 

d  Je.i.  14.  ''the  north  country  ;  and  the  white  go  forth  after  them  ;  and  the  grislea 

go  forth  toward  the   south  country.      'And  the  bay  went  forth,  and 

eGe.  13. 17.        sought  to  go  that  they  might  'walk  to  and  fro  through  the  earth  ;  and 

he  said,  Get  you  hence,  walk  to  and  fro  through  the  earth.     So  they 

walked  to  and  fro  through  the  earth. 

^  Then   cried   he   upon   me,  and   spake  unto  me,   saying,  Behold, 
/Ju.  8. 3.  Ec.  10.  these  that  go   toward  the  north  country  have  quieted  my  ^spirit  in  the 
north  country. 

^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  me,  saying,  ^^  Take  of 
them  of  the  captivity,  even  of  Heldai,  of  Tobijah,  and  of  Jedaiah,  which 
are  come  from  Babylon,  and  come  thou  the  same  day,  and  go  into  the 
house  of  Josiah  the  son  of  Zephaniah  ;  ^^  then  take  silver  and  gold, 
irEx.  28.36.  &  and  make  ^crowns,  and  set  them  upon  the  head  of  Joshua  the  son  of 
Josedech,  the  high  priest ;  ^^  and  speak  unto  him,  saying.  Thus  speaketh 
the  Lord  of  hosts,  saying, — 
A  See  Lu.  1.78.  Bchold  'the  man  whose  name  is  The  Branch! 

X  Or,  hraiich  up         And  hc  shall  tgrow  up  out  of  his  place, 

'2.2o-22;He.  3."  w  Evcu  he  shall  build  the  temple  of  the  Lord  ; 
j  Is.  22. 24.  And  he  •'shall  bear  the  glory. 

And  shall  sit  and  rule  upon  his  throne  ; 
iPs.  110. 4.  He.        And  *he  shall  be  a  priest  upon  his  throne  ; 

And  the  counsel  of  peace  shall  be  between  them  both. 

14  And  the  crowns  shall  be  to  Helem,  and  to  Tobijah,  and  to 
iEx.^ia.i4.  Ma.  Jedaiah,  and  to  Hen  the  son  of  Zejihaniah,  'for  a  memorial  in  the 
m  y.  57. 19.  &  temple  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  "'they  that  are  fiir  oft"  shall  come  and  build 
60.  io.Eph.2.  j^  ^^^  temple  of  the  Lord,  and  "ye  shall  know  that  the  Lord  of  hosts 
n Jo.  17.20,21.  hath  sent  me  unto  you.  And  this  shall  come  to  pass,  if  ye  will  dili- 
gently obey  the  voice  of  the  Lord  your  God. 


Part  1.] 


BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  AGAIN  INTERRUPTED.      1107 


A.  M.   3485. 
B.  C.  519. 


*  Chald.  that 
build  this  build- 


•f  Chald.  (7!  the 
midst  whereof. 


J  Chald.  stones  of 
rolling. 


SECT.  V.       Section    V. —  The  Building  of  the   Temple  again  interrupted,  and  again 
resumed ; — Zcchariah  prophesies. 
Ezra  v.  3,  to  the  end,  and  vi.  1-13. — Psalm  cxxxviii. — Zech.  vii.  and  viii. 

Tatnai  and  Shethar-boznai  atlempl  to  hinder  the  Jews  in  building  the  temple.  Their  letter  to 
Dcirius  against  the  Jews.  Ezra  vi.  Darius ,  Jinding  the  decree  qfVyrus,  ?naketh  a  new  decree  for 
the  advancement  of  llie  building  —  Zech.  vii.  1.  The  captives  inquire  of  Zechariah  of  fasting. 
4  He  reproveth  their  fasting.  8  Sin  the  cause  of  tlieir  captivity.  —  Zech.  viii.  1  Tlie  restoration 
of  Jertisakm.  9  They  are  encouraged  to  the  building  by  God's  favor  to  them.  16  Good  works 
are  required  of  them,     18  Joy  and  enlargement  are  promised. 

3  At  the  same  time  came  to  them  Tatnai,  governor  on  this  side  the 
river,  and  Shethar-boznai,  and  their  companions,  and  said  thus  unto 
them,  "  Who  hath  commanded  you  to  build  this  house,  and  to  make 
up  this  wall  ?  "  ■*  Then  said  we  unto  them  after  this  manner,  "  What 
are  the  names  of  the  men  *that  make  this  building  ?  "  ^  B^t  "the  eye  of 
their  God  was  upon  the  elders  of  the  Jews,  that  they  could  not  cause 
them  to  cease,  till  the  matter  came  to  Darius  ;  and  then  they  returned 
answer  by  letter  concerning  this  matter. 

^  The  copy  of  the  letter  that  Tatnai,  governor  on  this  side  the  river, 
and  Shethar-boznai,  and  his  companions  the  Apharsachites,  which 
were  on  this  side  the  river,  sent  unto  Darius  the  king.  '  They  sent  a 
letter  unto  him,  twherein  was  written  thus : — 

"  Unto  Darius  the  king,  all  peace  !  ^  Be  it  known  unto  the  king, 
"  that  we  went  into  the  province  of  Judaea,  to  the  house  of  the  great 
"  God,  which  is  builded  with  tgreat  stones,  and  timber  is  laid  in  the 
"  walls,  and  this  work  goeth  fast  on,  and  prospereth  in  their  hands. 
"  ^  Then  asked  we  those  elders,  and  said  unto  them  thus,  '  Who  com- 
"  manded  you  to  build  this  house,  and  to  make  up  these  walls  ? '  ^^  We 
"  asked  their  names  also,  to  certify  thee,  that  we  might  write  the  names 
'•'  of  the  men  that  were  the  chief  of  them.  ^^  And  thus  they  returned 
"  us  answer,  saying,  '  We  are  the  servants  of  the  God  of  heaven  and 
"  earth,  and  build  the  house  that  was  builded  these  many  years  ago, 
"  which  a  great  king  of  Israel  builded  and  ''set  up.  ^^  But  'after  that 
"  our  fathers  had  provoked  the  God  of  heaven  unto  wrath,  he  gave 
"  them  into  the  hand  of  ''Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  of  Babylon,  the 
"  Chaldean,  who  destroyed  this  house,  and  carried  the  people  away 
"  into  Babylon.  ^^  But  in  the  first  year  of  'Cyrus  the  king  of  Babylon, 
"  the  same  king  Cyrus  made  a  decree  to  build  this  house  of  God. 
"  1"*  And  ^the  vessels  also  of  gold  and  silver  of  the  house  of  God,  which 
"  Nebuchadnezzar  took  out  of  the  temple  that  was  in  Jerusalem,  and 
"  brought  them  into  the  temple  of  Babylon,  those  did  Cyrus  the  king 
"  take  out  of  the  temple  of  Babylon,  and  they  were  delivered  unto  one, 
"  whose  name  was  Sheshbazzar,  whom  he  had  made  *governor  ;  ^^and 
"  said  unto  him,  '  Take  these  vessels,  go,  carry  them  into  the  temple 
"  that  is  in  Jerusalem,  and  let  the  house  of  God  be  builded  in  his  place.' 
"  1^  Then  came  the  same  Sheshbazzar,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the 
"  house  of  God  which  is  in  Jerusalem  ;  and  since  that  time  even  until 
"  now  hath  it  been  in  building,  and  yet  it  is  not  finished.'  ^'^  Now, 
"  therefore,  if  it  seem  good  to  the  king,  let  there  be  search  made  in  the 
"  king's  treasure-house,  which  is  there  at  Babylon,  whether  it  be  so, 
*'  that  a  decree  was  made  of  Cyrus  the  king  to  build  this  house  of  God 
"  at  Jerusalem,  and  let  the  king  send  his  pleasure  to  us  concerning  this 
"  matter." 

'  Then  Darius  the  king  made  a  decree,  and  search  was  Ezra  vi.  1-13. 
made  in  the  house  of  the  trolls,  where  the  treasures  were 
tlaid  up  in  Babylon.  ^  And  there  was  found  at  *Achmetha,  in  the 
palace  that  is  in  the  province  of  the  Medes,  a  roll,  and   therein  was 
a  record  thus  written  : — 

3  "  In  the  first  year  of  Cyrus  the  king,  the  same  Cyrus  the  king  made 


6  1  Ki.  6.  1,  &c. 
c2Ch.  36.  16, 17 


^Ezra  1.  7,  8. 


•  Or,  deputy. 


t  Cliald.  books. 
I  Chald.  made  to 

descend. 
*  Or,  Ecbatana, 

or,  in  a  coffer. 


1108 


BUILDING  OF  THE  TEMPLE  AGAIN  RESUMED.     [Period  VIII. 


g  1  Ki.  6.  36. 


t  Chald.  go. 

X  Chald.  Visir  so- 


*  Chald.  by  me  a 
decree  is  made. 


f  Chald.  made  to 


X  Chald.  of  rest. 
h  1  Ti.  2.  1,  2. 


*  Chald.  de- 
stroyed. 
i  Da.  -2.  5.  &  3. 


"  a  decree  concerning  the  house  of  God  at  Jerusalem,  '  Let  the  house 
"  be  builded,  the  place  where  they  offered  sacrifices,  and  let  the  foun- 
"  dations  thereof  be  strongly  laid  ;  the  height  thereof  threescore  cubits, 
"  and  the  breadth  thereof  threescore  cubits  ;  "*  with  ^three  rows  of 
"  great  stones,  and  a  row  of  new  timber  :  and  let  the  expenses  be  given 
"  out  of  the  king's  house.  ^  And  also  let  the  golden  and  silver  vessels 
"  of  the  house  of  God,  v,'hich  Nebuchadnezzar  took  forth  out  of  the 
"  temple  wiiich  is  at  Jerusalem,  and  brought  unto  Babylon,  be  restored, 
"  and  tbrought  again  unto  the  temple  which  is  at  Jerusalem,  every 
"  one  to  his  place,  and  place  them  in  the  house  of  God.'  ^  Now  there- 
"  fore,  Tatnai,  governor  beyond  the  river,  Shethar-boznai,  and  tyour 
"  companions  the  Apharsachites,  which  are  beyond  the  river,  be  ye 
''  far  from  thence  !  '''  Let  the  work  of  this  house  of  God  alone  ;  let  tlie 
"  governor  of  the  Jews  and  the  elders  of  the  Jews  build  this  house  of 
"  God  in  his  place.  ^  Moreover  *I  make  a  decree  what  ye  shall  do  to 
"  the  elders  of  these  Jews  for  the  building  of  this  house  of  God  ;  that 
"  of  the  king's  goods,  even  of  the  tribute  beyond  the  river,  forthwith 
'•'  expenses  be  given  unto  these  men,  that  they  be  not  thindered.  ^  And 
"  that  which  they  have  need  of,  both  young  bullocks,  and  rams,  and 
"  lambs,  for  the  burnt  offerings  of  the  God  of  heaven,  wheat,  salt,  wine, 
"  and  oil,  according  to  the  appointment  of  the  priests  which  are  at  Je- 
"  rusalem,  let  it  be  given  them  day  by  day  without  fail  ;  ^^  that  they  may 
"  offer  sacrifices  tof  sweet  savours  unto  the  God  of  heaven,  and  ''pray 
"  for  the  life  of  the  king,  and  of  his  sons.  ^^  Also  I  have  made  a  decree, 
"  that  whosoever  shall  alter  this  word,  let  timber  be  pulled  down  from 
"  his  house,  and  being  set  up,  let  him  be  *hanged  thereon  ;  and  'let 
"  his  house  be  made  a  dunghill  for  this.  ^~  And  the  God  that  hath 
"  caused  his  name  to  dwell  there  destroy  all  kings  and  people,  that 
"  shall  put  to  their  hand  to  alter  and  to  destroy  this  house  of  God 
"  which  is  at  Jerusalem.  I  Darius  have  made  a  decree  ;  let  it  be  done 
"  with  speed  !  " 

•^  Then  Tatnai,  governor  on  this  side  the  river,  Shethar-boznai,  and 
their  companions,  according  to  that  which  Darius  the  king  had  sent,  so 
they  did  speedily. 

PSALM   CXXXVIII.dS) 

77(6  psaimist  praiseth  God  for  the  truth  of  his  word.     4  He  ■prophesieth  that  the  kings  of  the  earth 

shall  praise  God.     7  He  professeth  his  confidence  in  God. 

A  Psalm  of  David.a 

^  I  will  praise  thee  with  my  whole  heart, 

Before  the  gods  will  I  sing  praise  unto  thee. 
^  I  will  worship  "toward  thy  holy  temple. 

And  praise  thy  name  for  thy  lovingkindness  and  for  thy  truth  ; 

For  thou  hast  ''magnified  thy  word  above  all  thy  name. 
^  In  the  day  when  I  cried  thou  answeredst  me. 

And  strengthenedst  me  with  strength  in  my  soul. 
^  All  'the  kings  of  the  earth  shall  praise  thee,  O  Lord, 

When  they  hear  the  words  of  thy  mouth. 
^  Yea,  they  shall  sing  in  the  ways  of  the  Lord, 

For  great  is  the  glory  of  the  Lord. 

^  Though  ''the  Lord  be  high,  yet  'hath  he  respect  unto  the  lowly  ; 

But  the  proud  he  knoweth  afar  off. 
'  Though  ^l  walk  in  tiie  midst  of  trouble,  thou  wilt  revive  me  ; 

Thou  shalt  stretch  forth  tliy  hand  against  the  wrath  of  mine  enemies, 

And  tliy  riglit  hand  shall  save  me. 
f^Ps.5-.2  Phil.     8  TJie  ''Lord  will  perfect  that  which  conccrneth  me  ; 

('»)  Psalm  cxx.xviii.     This  Psalm  is  said  in  the   Greek  version  to  have  been  composed  by  Haggai 
or  Zechariah  at  the  rebuilding  of  the  temple 


PS.  CX.XXVIIL 


a  Five  MSS. 
omit  this  title, 
and  the  LXX. 
and  Arabic  pre- 
fix also  the 
names  of  Hag- 
gai and  Zechari- 
ah., by  one  of 
whom  it  was 
probably  com- 
posed.—/X 

a  1  Ki.  8.  29,  30. 
Pa.  5.  7. 

6  Is.  42.  21. 

e  Ps.  102.  15,  22. 


dPs.  113.5,6. 

Is.  57.  15. 
«  Pr.  3.  31.  Ja.  4. 

6.  1  Pe.  5.  5. 
/P8.23.  3,  4. 


Part  I.] 


ft  See  Ge.  1.  36. 
Job  10.  3.  &  14. 
15. 


*  Heb.  to  entreat 
the  face  of  the 
LORD;  I  Sa. 
13.  12. 

aDe.  17.9-11.  & 
33.  10.  Wal.2.7. 
b  Je.  52.  1-2. 

c  Is.  58.  5. 
rfJe.  41.  1. 
e  See  Ro.  14.  6. 
t  Or,  he  not  ye 

they  that  did  eat 

for,  4-c. 
i  Or,  Jlre  not 

these  the  words. 

*  Heb.  by  the 
hand  of,  S,-c. 

/Je.  17.  26. 


t  Heb.  Judge 
judgment  of 
truth.  Is.  58.  6, 
7.  Je.7.23.  ftlic. 
6.  8.  Mat.  23.  23. 


I  Ileb.  they  gave 
a  backsliding 
shoulder. 

*  Heb.  made 
heavy.  Ac.  7. 57. 


t  Heb.  by  the 

hand  of. 
h  2  Ch.  36.  16. 

Da.  9.  11. 


i  See  Job  27.  3. 


j  De.  4.  27.  &  21 
64.  Ez.  36.  19. 
k  De.  28.  33. 
I  Le.  26.  23. 


ZECHARIAH    PROPHESIES.  1109 

Thy  mercy,  O  Lord,  endureth  for  ever  ; 
Forsake  'not  the  works  of  thine  own  hands. 

1  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  fourth  year  of  king  Darius,  Zech.  vii.(") 
that  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Zechariah  in  the 
fourth  day  of  the  ninth  month,  even  in  Chisleu  ;  ^  (when  they  had  sent 
unto  the  house  of  God  Sherezer  and  Regem-melech,  and  their  men, 
*to  pray  before  the  Lord,  ^and  "to  speak  unto  the  priests  which  were 
in  the  house  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  and  to  the  prophets,  saying,  "  Should 
I  weep  in  'the  fifth  month,  separating  myself,  as  I  have  done  these  so 
many  years  ?  ")  ^  Then  came  the  word  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  unto  me, 
saying,  ^  Speak  unto  all  the  people  of  the  land,  and  to  the  priests, 
saying.  When  'ye  fasted  and  mourned  in  the  fifth  and  ''seventh  month, 
even  those  seventy  years,  did  ye  at  all  fast  'unto  me,  even  to  me  ? 
^  And  when  ye  did  eat,  and  when  ye  did  drink,  tdid  not  ye  eat  for 
yourselves, and  drink  for  yourselves?  "^tShould  ye  not  hear  the  words 
which  the  Lord  hath  cried  *by  the  former  prophets,  when  Jerusalem 
was  inhabited  and  in  prosperity,  and  the  cities  thereof  round  about 
her,  when  men  inhabited  -^the  south  and  the  plain  ? 

^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  came  unto  Zechariah,  saying, — 
^  Thus  speaketh  the  Lord  of  hosts,  saying, 

fExecute  true  judgment, 

And  show  mercy  and  compassions  every  man  to  his  brother; 
^^  And  ^oppress  not  the  widow. 

Nor  the  fatherless,  the  stranger,  nor  the  poor  ; 

And  let  none  of  you  imagine  evil  against  his  brother  in  your  heart. 
11  But  they  refused  to  hearken, 

And  t pulled  away  the  shoulder, 

And  *stopped  their  ears,  that  they  should  not  hear. 
12  Yea,  they  made  their  hearts  as  an  adamant  stone, 

Lest  they  should  hear  the  Law, 

And  the  words  which  the  Lord  of  hosts  hath  sent 

In  his  Spirit  tby  the  former  prophets ; 

Therefore  ''came  a  great  wrath  from  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
13  Therefore  it  is  come  to  pass,  that  as  he  cried, 

And  they  would  not  hear ; 

So  Hhey  cried, 

And  I  would  not  hear,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts ; 
14  But  ^I  scattered  them  with  a  whirlwind 

Among  all  the  nations  *whom  they  knew  not. 

Thus  'the  land  was  desolate  after  them. 

That  no  man  passed  through  nor  returned ; 

For  they  laid  the  tpleasant  land  desolate. 

1  Again  the  word  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  came  to  me,     Zech.  viii. 
saying, — 

2  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

I  was  jealous  for  Zion  with  great  jealousy, 

And  I  was  jealous  for  her  with  great  fury, 
3  Thus  saith  the  Lord, 


(19)  The  seventh  and  eighth  chapters  of  the 
book  of  Zechariah  were  delivered  to  some  Jews 
who  had  been  sent  to  Jerusalem  from  their 
brethren  at  Babylon,  to  inquire  of  the  priests  and 
prophets  whether  it  was  still  necessary  to  observe 
the  fasts  that  had  been  instituted  on  account  of  the 
destruction  of  Jerusalem,  and  which  had  been  ob- 
served durincrthe  captivity  (vii.  1-4.)— the  prophet 
is  commanded  to  take  this  occasion  of  enforcing 
upon  them  the  weightier  matters  of  the  Law,  viz. 

VOL.     I. 


judgment  and  mercy,  lest  the  same  calamities 
should  befall  them  which  had  been  inflicted  upon 
their  fathers  for  their  neglect  of  those  duties,  (4- 
14.)  In  the  event  of  their  obedience,  God  prom- 
ises the  continuance  of  his  favor,  (viii.  1-8  ;)  they 
are  encouraged  to  go  on  with  the  building,  (9-17.) 
and  are  permitted  to  discontinue  the  observance  of 
the  fasts  which  they  had  kept  during  the  captivity, 
(18-23.)— Home's  Critical  Introduction. 

4o* 


110 


ZECHARIAH  PROPHESIES 


[Period  VIII. 


m  Zee.  1.  16. 
n  Zee.  2.  10. 
0  Is.  1.21,  2a 
pJe.  31.23. 


g  See  1  Sa.  2.  31. 

Is.  i;5.  20,  23. 

La.  2.  20,  &.C. 

&5.    11-14. 
*  Heb.  multitude 

»f  days. 


t  Or,  hard,  or, 
difficult. 


r  See  Ge.  18.  14. 


sis.  11.  11,12.& 
43.  5,  6.  Ez.  37. 
21.  Am.  9.  14, 
15. 

J  Heb.  the  coun- 
try of  the  going 
down  of  the  sun: 
see  Ps.  50.  1.  &. 
113.  3.  -Mai.  1. 


t  Hag.  2.  18. 


•  Or,  The  hire  of 

man  became 

nothing,  fyc. 
ttHag.  1.0,9,10. 

&  2.  16. 


rHo.  2.  21,22. 

Joel  2.  22.  Hag. 

2.  19. 
t  Heb.  of  peace. 

to  See  Hag.  1.10. 


«  Ge.  12.  2.  Ru. 
4.  11,  12.  Is.  19. 
24,  23.  Zep.  3. 
20.  Hag.  2.  19. 

I  Je.  31.38. 


a2Ch.  36.  16. 


6  Eph.  4.  25. 

J  Heb.  Judge 
truth,  and  the 
judgment  of 
peace. 

c  Pr.  3.  29. 


I  ""am  returned  unto  Zion,  and  "will  dwell  in  the  midst  of  Jerusalem  ; 

And  Jerusalem  "shall  be  called  A  City  of  Truth  ; 

And  the  mountain  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  ''The  Holy  Mountain. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

There  'shall  yet  old  men  and  old  women   dwell  in  the  streets  of 
Jerusalem, 

And  every  man  with  his  staff  in  his  iiand  for  *very  age. 
5  And  the  streets  of  the  city  shall  be  full 

Of  boys  and  girls  playing  in  the  streets  thereof. 
6  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

If  it  be  tmarvellous  in  the  eyes  of  the  remnant  of  this  people  in 
these  days, 

Should  'it  also  be  marvellous  in  mine  eyes  ?   saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
"  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Behold,  T  will  save  my  people  from  the  east  country, 

And  from  tthe  west  country, 
8  And  I  will  bring  them,  and  they  shall  dwell  in  the  midst  of  Jerusalem ; 

And  they  shall  be  my  people,  and  I  will  be  their  God, 

In  truth  and  in  righteousness. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

Let  your  hands  be  strong. 

Ye  that  hear  in  these  days 

These  words  by  the  mouth  of  the  prophets, 

Which  were  'in  the  day 

That  the  foundation  of  the  house  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  was  laid, 

That  the  temple  might  be  built. 
^'^  For  before  these  days 

*There  was  no  "hire  for  man,  nor  any  hire  for  beast ; 

Neither  was  there  any  peace  to  him  that  went  out  or  came  in 

Because  of  the  affliction  ; 

For  I  set  all  men  every  one  against  his  neighbour. 
1^  But  now  I  will  not  be  unto  the  residue  of  this  people 

As  in  the  former  days,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^2  For  "the  seed  shall  be  tprosperous ; 

The  vine  shall  give  her  fruit, 

And  the  ground  shall  give  her  increase, 

And  '"the  heavens  shall  give  their  dew  ; 

And  I  will  cause  the  remnant  of  this  people  to  possess  all  these  things. 
'3  And  it  shall  come  to  pass. 

That  as  ye  were  'a  curse  among  the  heathen, 

O  house  of  Judah,  and  house  of  Israel ; 

So  will  I  save  you,  and  ''ye  shall  be  a  blessing. 

Fear  not,  but  let  your  hands  be  strong ! 
1'*  For  thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

As    I  thought  to  punish  you, 

When  your  fathers  provoked  me  to  wrath, 

Saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  and  "I  repented  not ; 
15  So  again  have  I  thought  in  these  days 

To  do  well  unto  Jerusalem  and  to  the  house  of  Judah. 

Fear  ye  not ! 
'^  These  are  the  things  that  ye  shall  do  ; 

Speak  ''ye  every  man  the  truth  to  his  neighbour  ; 

^Execute  the  judgment  of  truth  and  peace  in  your  gates ; 
1'  And  'let  none  of  you  imagine  evil  in  your  hearts  against  his  neighbour  ; 

And  love  no  false  oath  : 

For  all  these  are  things  that  I  hate,  saith  the  Lord. 

^^  And  the  word  of  the  Lord  of  hosts  came  unto  me,  saying — 


Part  I.] 

cJe.  52.  6,7. 
d  Jo.  52.  12,  13. 
e  2  Ki.  25.  25.  Je. 

41.  1,2. 
/Je.  .'i2.  4. 
*  Or,  solemn,  or, 

set  times. 

t  Or,  cont.inuallij. 

Heb.  going. 
X  Heb.  to  entreat 

the  face  of  the 

LORD.  Zee.  7. 

2. 
g  Is.  60  3,  &c. 

&  66.  23. 
/(  Is.  3.  6.  &  4.  1. 
i  1  Co.  14.  25. 


A.  M.  3489 
B.  C.  515. 


Chald.  decree. 


t  Chald.  the  sons 
of  the  transporta- 
tion. 

a  1  Ki.  8.  63. 


b  1  Ch.  24.  1. 

c  1  Ch.  23.  6. 

J  Chald.  accord- 
ing to  the  writ- 
ing. Nu.  3.  6. 
&"8.  9. 

d  Ex.  12.  6. 

e  2  Ch.  30.  15. 

f2Ch.35.  11. 


£'Ezra9.  11. 
A  Ex.  12.  15.  & 

13.  6.  2  Ch.  30. 

21.  &;  35.  17. 
i  Pr.  21.  1. 


THE  FINISHING  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


nil 


13  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts,  The  'fast  of  the  fourth  montli, 
''and  the  fast  of  the  fifth,  'and  the  fast  of  the  seventli,  -^and  the  fast 
of  the  tenth,  shall  be  to  the  house  of  Judah  joy  and  gladness,  and 
cheerful  *feasts;  therefore  love  the  truth  and  peace.  '-^^  Thus  saith  the 
Lord  of  hosts,  It  shall  yet  come  to  pass,  that  there  shall  come  people, 
and  the  inhabitants  of  many  cities  ;  ^^  and  the  inhabitants  of  one  city 
shall  go  to  another,  saying,  Let  us  go  tspeedily  tto  pray  before  tiie 
LoRD^  and  to  seek  the  Lord  of  hosts  :  I  will  go  also.  ^^  Yea,  ^many 
people  and  strong  nations  shall  come  to  seek  the  Lord  of  hosts  in 
Jerusalem,  and  to  pray  before  the  Lord.  -^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  of 
hosts,  In  those  days  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  ten  men  shall  ''take 
hold  out  of  all  languages  of  the  nations,  even  shall  take  hold  of  the 
skirt  of  him  that  is  a  Jew,  saying.  We  will  go  with  you  ;  for  we  have 
heard  'that  God  is  with  you. 

Section  VI. —  The  Finishing  of  the  Temple; — The  Feasts  of  the  Dedication 

and  the  Passover  are  kept ; — ^-"^Psalms  on  the  Occasion. 

Ezra  vi.  14,  to  the  end. — Psalms  xlviii.,  Ixxxi.,  cxlvi.,  cxlvii.,  cxlviii.,  cxlix.,  and  cl. 

1^  And  the  elders  of  the  Jews  builded,  and  they  prospered  through 
the  prophesying  of  Haggai  the  prophet  and  Zechariah  the  son  of  Iddo. 
And  they  builded,  and  finished  it,  according  to  the  commandment 
of  the  God  of  Israel,  and  according  to  the  *commandment  of  Cyrus, 
and  Darius,  and  Artaxerxes  king  of  Persia.  ^^  And  this  house  was  fin- 
ished on  the  third  day  of  the  month  Adar,  which  was  in  the  sixth  year 
of  the  reign  of  Darius  the  king. 

I'^And  the  children  of  Israel,  the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  and  the 
rest  of  tthe  children  of  the  captivity,  "kept  the  dedication  of  this 
house  of  God  with  joy.  '^  And  offered  at  the  dedication  of  this  house 
of  God  an  hundred  bullocks,  two  hundred  rams,  four  hundred  lambs  ; 
and  for  a  sin  offering  for  all  Israel,  twelve  he  goats,  according  to  the 
number  of  the  tribes  of  Israel.  '^And  they  set  the  priests  in  their 
''divisions,  and  the  Levites  in  their  'courses,  for  the  service  of  God, 
which  is  at  Jerusalem  ;  tas  it  is  written  in  the  Book  of  Moses.  ^^  And 
the  children  of  the  captivity  kept  the  Passover  ''upon  the  fourteenth 
day  of  the  first  month.  ^°  For  the  priests  and  the  Levites  were  'purified 
together,  all  of  them  were  pure,  and  '^killed  the  Passover  for  all  the 
children  of  the  captivity,  and  for  their  brethren  the  priests,  and  for 
themselves.  ^^  And  the  children  of  Israel,  which  were  come  again  out 
of  captivity,  and  all  such  as  had  separated  themselves  unto  them  from 
the  ^filthiness  of  the  heathen  of  the  land,  to  seek  the  Lord  God  of 
Israel,  did  eat,  2- and  kept  Hhe  feast  of  Unleavened  Bread  seven  days 
with  joy  ;  for  the  Lord  had  made  them  joyful,  'and  turned  the  heart 
of  the  king  of  Assyria  unto  them,  to  strengthen  their  hands  in  the 
work  of  the  house  of  God,  the  God  of  Israel. 


(20)  In  the  sixth  year  of  Darius,  according  to  the 
Jewish  account,  and  on  the  third  day  of  the  twelfth 
month,  called  the  month  of  Adar,  (which  answered 
to  part  of  the  third  and  part  of  the  fourth  month  of 
the  Babylonish  year,  and  consequently  was  in  the 
seventh  year  of  Darius,  accordinir  to  the  Babylonish 
account,")  the  building  of  the  temple  at  Jerusalem 
was  finished,  and  the  dedication  of  it  was  celebra- 
ted by  the  priests  and  Levites,  and  all  the  rest  of 
the  congregation  of  Israel,  with  great  joy  and  so- 
lemnity. And,  among  other  sacrifices  then  offered, 
there  was  a  sin  offering  for  all  Israel  of  twelve 
he  goats,  according  to  the  number  of  the  tribes  of 
Israel ;  which  fully  proves  that  on  the  return  of 
Judah  and  Benjamin  from  the  Babylonish  captivity, 
some  also  of  each  of  the  other  tribes  of  Israel  came 
with  them  out  of  Assyria,  Babylon,  and  Media, 


whither  they  had  been  before  carried,  and,  joining 
with  them  in  the  rebuilding  of  the  temple,  (to  which 
they  had  originally  an  equal  right,)  partook  also 
with  them  in  the  solemnity  of  this  dedication  ;  other- 
wise there  is  no  reason  why  any  such  offering 
should  have  been  then  made  in  their  behalf  But 
the  most  of  them  that  returned  being  of  the  tribe 
of  Judah,  that  tribe  swallowed  up  the  names  of  all 
the  rest ;  for  from  this  time  the  whole  people  of 
Israel,  of  what  tribe  soever  they  were,  began  to  be 
called  Jews  ;  and  by  that  name  they  have  all  of 
them  been   ever  since  known  all  the  world  over. 

The  temple  was  twenty  years  in  finishing  ;  from 
the  second  of  Cyrus,  when  it  was  first  begun,  to 
the  seventh  of  Darius,  when  it  was  fully  finished. — 
Prideaux,  Connection,  anno  515. — Darius  ?■. 


1112 


PSALMS  COMPOSED 


[Period  VIII. 


PS.  XLVIII. 
'Or,  o/. 


oMat 

.  5.  35. 

6  2Sa.  10.  6,  14, 
16,  18,  19. 

eEx. 

15.  15. 

dEz. 

27.  26. 

e  Je.  18.  17. 

/Is.  2 

.  2.  Mic.  4. 

Mai. 

23.  58.  Jo9. 
Ps.  113.3. 
1.  11,  14. 

*  Heb.  Set  ynur 
hart  to  her  bul- 
warks. 

■f  Or,  raise  up. 

ft  Is.  58.  11. 


PSALM   XLVIII. 

Tlie  ornaments  and  privileges  of  the   Church. 
A  Song  and  Psalm  *for  the  sons  of  Korah. 

^  Great  is  the  Lord,  and  greatly  to  be  praised 

In  the  city  of  our  God,  in  the  mountain  of  his  holiness. 
2  Beautiful  for  situation, 

The  joy  of  the  whole  earth,  is  Mount  Zion, 

On  the  sides  of  the  north,  "the  city  of  the  great  King. 
2  God  is  known  in  her  palaces  for  a  refuge. 
^  For,  lo !   Hhe  kings  were  assembled, 

They  passed  by  together. 
^  They  saw  it — and  so  they  marvelled  ; 

They  were  troubled — and  hasted  away. 
^  Fear  'took  hold  upon  them  there. 

And  pain,  as  of  a  woman  in  travail. 
''  Thou  ''breakest  the  ships  of  Tarshish 

With  'an  east  wind. 
^  As  we  have  heard,  so  have  we  seen 

In  the  city  of  the  Lord  of  hosts,  in  the  city  of  our  God ; 

God  will  -^establish  it  for  ever.     Selah  ! 

9  We  have  thought  of  thy  lovingkindness,  O  God, 

In  the  midst  of  thy  temple. 
'^^  According  to  ^thy  name,  O  God, 

So  is  thy  praise  unto  the  ends  of  the  earth ; 

Thy  right  hand  is  full  of  righteousness. 
^^  Let  Mount  Zion  rejoice. 

Let  the  daughters  of  Judah  be  glad, 

Because  of  thy  judgments. 

12  Walk  about  Zion,  and  go  round  about  her ; 

Tell  the  towers  thereof. 

*Mark  ye  well  her  bulwarks,  tconsider  her  palaces ; 

That  ye  may  tell  it  to  the  generation  following. 

For  this  God  is  our  God  for  ever  and  ever  ; 

He  will  ''be  our  guide  even  unto  death. 


13 


*  Ps.  8,  title. 
^Oi,  for  Asaph. 


1  Le.  23.  24.  Nu. 
10.  10. 


J  Or,  against. 


-Ed. 
&  10. 


a  Or, 
bU.i 

27. 
*  Heb.  passed 

awaij. 

c  Ex.  1.  14. 
d  Ex.  2.  23.  &  14. 

10.  Ps.  50.  15. 
e  Ex.  19.  19. 
/Ex.  17.  0,  7. 

Nu.  20.  13. 
t  Or,  strij-c. 


PSALM    LXXXI. 

An  exhortation  to  a  solemn  praising  of  God.     4  God  cha/lenfreth  that  duty  by  reason  of  his  benefts. 

8  God,  exhorting  to  obedience,  complaineth  of  their  disobedience,  which  proveth  their  own  hurt. 

To  the  chief  3lusician,  *upon  Gittith,  A  Psalm  fof  Asaph. 

1  Sing  aloud  unto  God  our  strength  ; 

Make  a  joyful  noise  unto  the  God  of  Jacob. 
2  Take  a  psalm,  and  bring  hither  the  timbrel. 

The  pleasant  harp  with  the  psaltery. 
^  Blow  up  the  trumpet  in  the  new  moon. 

In  the  time  appointed,  on  our  solemn  feast  day. 
■*  For  "this  was  a  statute  for  Israel, 

And  a  law  of  the  God  of  Jacob. 
5  This  he  ordained  in  Joseph  for  a  testimony. 

When  he  went  out  tthrough  tiie  land  of  Egypt ; 

Where  =*!  heard  a  language  that  I  understood  not. 
^  I  ''removed  his  shoulder  from  the  burden  ; 

His  hands  *were  delivered  from  'the  pots. 
■^  Thou  "calledst  in  trouble — and  I  delivered  thee  ; 

I  'answered  thee  in  the  secret  place  of  thunder  ; 

I  ^proved  thee  at  the  waters  of  tMeribah.      Selah  ! 

Hear,  O  my  people  !  and  I  will  testify  unto  thee  ! 

O  Israel,  if  thou  wilt  hearken  unto  me, 


Part  I. 


ON  THE  FINISHING  OF  THE  TEMPLE. 


1113 


g  Ex.  20.  3,  5. 
A  De.  32.  12.  Is. 
43.  12. 
t  See  Ge.  17.  8. 


j  Ps.  37.  3,  4. 

Jo.  15.  7.  Eph. 

3.  20. 
i-Ex.  32.  1. 

I  Ac.  7.  42,  &  14. 

16.  Ro.  1.24,26. 
t  Or,  the  hard- 
ness of  their 

hearts,  or,  imag- 

iHtttions. 
m  Ue.  5.  29.  Is. 

48.  18. 
n  Ro.  1.  30. 
*  Or,  yielded 

feigned  obedience. 

Ps.  18.  44.  &  66. 

3.  Heb.  hed. 
oDe.  33.  13,  14. 

Ps.  147.  14. 
t  Heb.  with  the  fat 

of  wheat. 


^  There  "shall  no  ''strange  god  be  in  thee, 

Neither  siialt  thou  worship  any  strange  god. 
^°  I  'am  the  Lord  thy  God, 

Which  brought  thee  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt: 

Open  ^thy  mouth  wide,  and  I  will  fill  it, 
^^  But  my  people  would  not  hearken  to  my  voice, 

And  Israel  would  *none  of  me, 
^'^  So  '1  gave  them  up  unto  ttheir  own  hearts'  lust, 

And  they  walked  in  their  own  counsels. 

^^  Oh  "'that  my  people  had  hearkened  to  me. 

And  Israel  had  walked  in  my  ways  ! 
^^  I  should  soon  have  subdued  their  enemies, 

And  turned  my  hand  against  their  adversaries. 
^5  The  "haters  of  the  Lord  should  have  *submitted  themselves  unto 
him, 

But  their  time  should  have  endured  for  ever. 
^^  He  should  "have  fed  them  also  twilh  the  finest  of  the  wheat. 

And  with  honey  out  of  the  rock  should  I  have  satisfied  thee. 


'Heb.  Hallelujah. 


a  Is.  2.  22. 

t  Or,  salvation. 

b  Ps.  104.  29.  Ec. 

12.  7. 
c  See  1  Co.  2.  6. 


i^See  Ge.  1.  1. 


e  See  Ge.  1.  29. 


/Mat.  9.  30.  Jo. 

9.  7-32. 
g  Ps.  145.  14.  & 

147.  6.  Lu.  13. 

13. 
k  De.  10.  18.  Ps. 

68.5. 


i  Ex.  15.  18.  Ps. 
10.  16.  Re.  11. 
15. 


PSALM   CXLVI.(2i) 

TJie  psalmist  voweth  perpetual  praises  to  God.     3  He  exhorteth  7iot  to  trust  in  man. 
power,  justice,  mercy,  and  kingdom,  is  only  worthy  to  be  trusted. 

^  *Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 
Praise  the  Lord,  O  my  soul  ! 
While  I  live  will  I  praise  the  Lord  ; 
I  will  sing  praises  unto  my  God  while  I  have  any  being. 
Put  "not  your  trust  in  princes. 
Nor  in  the  son  of  man,  in  whom  there  is  no  f  help. 
His  ''breath  goeth  forth — he  returneth  to  his  earth  ; 
In  that  very  day  '^his  thoughts  perish. 

^  Happy  is  he  that  hath  the  God  of  Jacob  for  his  help. 
Whose  hope  is  in  the  Lord  his  God  ; 
Which  ''made  heaven,  and  earth. 
The  sea,  and  all  that  therein  is  ; 
Which  keepeth  truth  for  ever  ; 
Which  e.xecuteth  judgment  for  the  oppressed  ; 
Which  ^giveth  food  to  the  hungry. 
The  Lord  looseth  the  prisoners  ; 

'^^  The  •'^Lord  openeth  the  eyes  of  the  blind  ; 
The  "Lord  raiseth  them  that  are  bowed  down  ; 
The  Lord  loveth  the  righteous ; 
The  ''Lord  preserveth  the  strangers  ; 
He  relieveth  the  fatherless  and  widow. 
But  the  way  of  the  wicked  he  turneth  upside  down. 
The  'Lord  shall  reign  for  ever. 
Even  thy  God,  O  Zion,  unto  all  generations. 
Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 


5  God.  for  his 


(2')  Psalms  cxlvi.,  cxlvii.,  and  cxlviii.  are  placed 
in  this  section  on  the  authority  of  Prideaux.  They 
are  inserted  also  both  by  Dr.  Gray  and  Mr.  Home, 
with  the  cxlixth  and  clth.  among  those  which  were 
written  on  some  great  deliverance  of  the  Church. 
The  two  latter  Psalms  are  so  evidently  written  on 
the  same  model  as  those  which  precede  them,  that 
they  may  be  justly  referred  to  the  same  period  and 
to  the  same  occasion.  Psalm  xlviii.  is  assigned  by 
the  same  authorities  to  some  season  of  joy,  and  its 
contents   appear   applicable    to   this    period.     The 


chronology  of  Psalm  Ixxxi.  is  uncertain  ;  it  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  composed  for  the  feast  of  Trum- 
pets. I  have  inserted  it  here,  from  comparing  its 
contents  with  the  account  of  the  circumstances 
attendant  on  the  dedication  of  the  temple.  The 
Psalm  seems  to  be  an  address  to  the  people,  calling 
upon  them  to  revive  the  solemn  festivals  which 
were  '•  the  statutes  for  Israel,  and  a  law  of  the  God 
of  Jacob."  It  enumerates  their  pnst  deliverances, 
and  invites  the  people  to  join  in  praises  to  the  God 
of  Jacob. 


140 


iri4 


PSALMS  COMPOSED 


[P^ 


virr. 


PS.   CXLVII. 


PSALM  CXLVII. 

r  his  care  of  the  Church,  4  his  power,  C,  and  his  mercy:   1  ta 
aise  him  for  his  h/essiiiics  upon  the  kingdom,  lo  for  /u» 


a  De.  30.  3. 

6Ps.  51.  17.  la. 

57.  15.  &  61.  1. 

Lu.  4.  18. 
*  Heb.  griefs. 
c  See  Ge.  15.  5. 

Is.  40.  26. 


t  Heb.  Ofltis  un- 
derstanding 
there  is  no 
number.  Is.  4ft. 


d  See  Job  5.  10. 


(  See  Ge.  1.  29. 


The  projihet  exhorteth  to  praise  God  fc 
praise  him  for  his  providence  :   It  to  pr 
power  over  the  meteors,  19  and  for  his  ordinances  m  the  Church. 

1  Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 
For  it  is  good  to  sing  praises  unto  our  God  ; 
For  it  is  pleasant,  and  praise  is  comely. 

2  The  Lord  doth  build  up  Jerusalem  ; 
He  "gaihereth  together  the  outcasts  of  IsraeL 

3  He  ^lealeth  the  broken  in  heart, 
And  bindeth  up  their  *wounds. 

4  He  'telleth  the  number  of  the  stars  ; 
He  calleth  them  all  by  their  names. 

5  Great  is  our  Lord,  and  of  great  power  ; 
tHis  understanding  is  infinite. 

6  The  Lord  lifteth  up  the  meek  ; 
He  casteth  the  wicked  down  to  tne  ground. 

■^  Sing  unto  the  Lord  with  thanksgiving, 

Sing  praise  upon  the  harp  unto  our  God  ; 
^  Who  '^covereth  the  heaven  with  clouds, 

Who  prepareth  rain  for  the  earth, 

Who  maketh  grass  to  grow  upon  the  mountains. 
^  He  'giveth  to  the  beast  his  food, 

And  to  the  young  ravens  which  cry. 
^0  He  delighteth  not  in  the  strength  of  the  horse  ; 

He  taketh  not  pleasure  in  the  legs  of  a  man. 
II  The  Lord  taketh  pleasure  in  them  that  fear  him. 

In  those  that  hope  in  his  mercy. 
12  Praise  the  Lord,  O  Jerusalem  ! 

Praise  thy  God,  O  Zion  ! 
"  For  he  hath  strengthened  the  bars  of  thy  gates  ; 

He  hath  blessed  thy  children  within  thee. 

14  tHe  maketh  peace  in  thy  borders. 
And  filleth  thee  with  the  *  finest  of  the  wheat. 

15  He  sendeth  forth  his  commandment  upon  earth  ; 
His  word  runneth  very  swiftly. 

16  He  ^giveth  snow  like  wool ; 
He  scattereth  the  hoar  frost  like  ashes. 

1'  He  casteth  forth  his  ice  like  morsels  : 

Who  can  stand  before  his  cold  ? 
i^  He  ^sendeth  out  his  word,  and  rnelteth  them  ; 

He  causeth  his  wind  to  blow,  and  the  waters  flow. 
1^  He  "showeth  his  tvvord  unto  Jacob, 

His  statutes  and  his  judgments  unto  Israel. 
2«  He  'hath  not  dealt  so  with  any  nation  ; 

And  as  for  his  judgments,  they  have  not  known  them. 

Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PS.'^VIII.  PS.^LM  CXLVin. 

Tlie  psalmist  exhorteth  the  celestial,  7  the  terrestnal,  11  and  the  rational  creatures  to  praise  Goa, 

*Heb.iMieinjah.  1  *Praise  yc  the  Lord! 

Praise  ye  the  Lord  from  the  heavens ! 
Praise  him  in  the  heights  ! 
2  Praise  ye  him,  all  his  angels  ! 

Praise  ye  him,  all  his  hosts ! 
^  Praise  ye  him.  sun  and  moon  ! 
Praise  him,  all  ve  stars  of  light ! 


J  Heb.   fTho  mak. 

elh  thy  border 

peace.  Is.  60.  17, 

18. 
*  Heb.  fat  of 

wheat.  De.  32. 

14.  Ps.  81.  J6. 
/Job  37.  6.  St.  38, 


g  See  Job  37.  10. 


h  De.  33.  2-4. 
f  Heb.  words. 

i  See  Ge.  17.  8. 
De.  4.32-34.  Ro, 
3.  1,2. 


Pa-rt  1.] 


ON  THE  FINISHING  OF  THE  TEIVIPLE. 


1115 


SGe.  1.  1,  6,7. 

Ps.  33.  (J,  9. 
sJe.  31.35,  36. 

&  33.  25. 


d  Is.  44. 523.  &  4a 
13.  &  55.  12. 


t  Hcb.  birds  of 
wing. 


J  Heb.  exalted. 


e  Eph.  2.  17. 


Heh.  HaUdujah. 


a  See  Job  35.  10. 

Ps.  100.  3.  Is. 

54.  5. 
i  Zee.  9.  9.  Mat. 

21.  5. 
t  Or,  with  the 

pipe. 


I  Heb.  throat. 


e  He.  4.  12.  Re. 
1.16. 


PSALM  CL. 


neh.HallelujaJi. 


\  Or,  cornet.  Ps. 


*  Praise  him,  "ye  heavens  of  heavens, 

And  ye  waters  that  be  above  the  heavens! 
^  Let  them  praise  the  name  of  the  Lord  ; 

For  'he  commanded — and  they  were  created. 
^  He  'hath  also  estaohshed  them  for  ever  and  ever  ; 

He  hath  made  a  decree  which  shall  not  pass. 
'  Praise  the  Lord  from  the  earth, 

Ye  dragons,  and  all  deeps  ! 
^  Fire,  and  hail ;  snow,  and  vapors  ; 

Stormy  wind  fulfilling  his  word ! 
9  Mountains,  ''and  all  hills  ; 

Fruitful  trees,  and  all  cedars ! 
^^  Beasts,  and  all  cattle  ; 

Creeping  things,  and  tflying  fowl ! 
^^  Kings  of  the  earth,  and  all  people  ; 

Princes,  and  all  judges  of  the  earth ! 
^^  Both  young  men,  and  maidens  ; 

Old  men,  and  children  ! 
^'  Let  them  praise  the  name  of  the  Lord  ; 

For  his  name  alone  is  texcellent ; 

His  glory  is  above  the  earth  and  heaven. 
^■^  He  also  exalteth  the  horn  of  his  people, 

The  praise  of  all  his  saints ; 

Even  of  the  children  of  Israel,  'a  people  near  unto  him. 

Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM  CXLIX. 

Tlie  prophet  (xhorteth  to  praise  God  for  his  love  to  the  Church,  6  and  for  that  power  which 
he  hath  given  to  the  Church. 

^  *Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

Sing  unto  the  Lord  a  new  song, 

And  his  praise  in  the  congregation  of  saints. 
^  Let  Israel  rejoice  in  "him  that  made  him  ; 

Let  the  children  of  Zion  be  joyful  in  their  ''King. 
3  Let  them  praise  his  name  fin  the  dance  ; 

Let  them  sing  praises  unto  him  with  the  timbrel  and  harp. 
'*  For  the  Lord  taketh  pleasure  in  his  people ; 

He  will  beautify  the  meek  with  salvation. 
^  Let  the  saints  be  joyful  in  glory  ; 

Let  them  sing  aloud  upon  their  beds. 
6  Let  the  high  praises  of  God  be  in  their  tmouth, 

And  "a  two-edged  sword  in  their  hand  ; 
'  To  execute  vengeance  upon  the  heathen, 

And  punishments  upon  the  people  ; 
^  To  bind  their  kings  with  chains, 

And  their  nobles  with  fetters  of  iron  ; 
^  To  ''execute  upon  them  the  judgment  written: 

This  honor  have  all  his  saints. 

Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

PSALM    CL. 

An  exhortation  to  praise  God,  3  with  all  kind  of  instrumerUi. 

^  *  Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 

Praise  God  in  his  sanctuary  ! 

Praise  him  in  the  firmament  of  his  power  ! 
^  Praise  him  for  his  mighty  acts  ! 

Praise  him  according  to  his  excellent  greatness ! 
3  Praise  him  with  the  sound  of  the  f trumpet! 


1116 


OPPOSITION  TO  THE  JEWS  IN  THE  REIGN  OF  XERXES.  [Period  VIIL 


•  Ex.  15.  20. 
X  Or,  pipe.  Pa. 

149.  3. 
b  Is.  38.  20. 
c  1  Ch.  15.  16, 


Praise  him  with  the  psaltery  and  harp  ! 
■*  Praise  him  "with  the  timbrel  and  tdance  ! 

Praise  him  with  'stringed  instruments  and  organs ! 
^  Praise  iiim  upon  the  loud  'cymbals  ! 

Praise  him  upon  the  high-sounding  cymbals ! 
^  Let  every  thing  that  hath  breath  praise  the  Lord  ! 

Praise  ye  the  Lord  ! 


PART    II. 

FROM  THE   DEDICATION  OF  THE  SECOND    TEMPLE   TO   THE    DEATH 
OF    HAMAN. 

Section    I. — Opposition  to  the  Jews  in  the  Reign  of  Xerxes. '^^^ 
Ezra  iv.  G. 

^  AND  in  the  reign  of  *Ahasuerus,  in  the  beginning  of  his  reign, 
hehTMashve-  ^'^^^^^  ^'^^y  uuto  him  au  accusation  against  the  inhabitants  of  Judah 
esh.'  and  Jerusalem. 


A.  M.  3511 
B.  C.  486 


Section    II. —  Opposition  to  the  Jews  in  the  Reign   of  Artaxerxes 
Longimanus.^-^^ 


A.  M.  3540. 
B.  C.  464. 


Ezra  iv.  7-23. 

The  Jews'  enemies  write  a  letter  of  accusation  against  them  to  Artaxerxes.     His  decree  in  reply. 

,  Or,  i^eace.  ^  ^^^  ^"  ^'^^  ^'^^'^  ^^  Arta.xcrxes  wrote  *Bishlam,  Mithredath,  Tabeel, 

1  Heb.  .locieties.  and  the  rest  of  their  tcompanions,  unto  Artaxer.xes  king  of  Persia  ;  and 
the  writing  of  the  letter  was  written  in  the  Syrian  tongue,  and  inter- 
preted in  the  Syrian  tongue.  ^Rehum  the  chancellor  and  Shimshaithe 

J  Or,  scrretary.  Iscribc  wrotc  a  Icttcr  ugaiust  Jerusalem  to  Artaxerxes  the  king  in  this 
sort :  ^  then  wrote  Rehum  the  chancellor,  and  Shimshai  the  scribe,  and 

*  chM.  societies,  the  rcst  of  their  "companions  ;  "the  Dinaites,  the  Apharsathchites,  the 

0,31.  Tarpelites,  the  Apharsites,  the  Archevites,  the  Babylonians,  the  Su- 

sanchites,  the  Dehavites,  and  the  Elamites,  ^'^  and  the  rest  of  the  na- 


(^)  The  contents  of  this  and  the  following  sec- 
tion are  placed  here  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Hales, 
who  observes,  '•  The  whole  passage  (Ezra  iv.  (J-23) 
is  an  historical  anticipation,  introduced  parentheti- 
cally^ into  the  account  of  the  former  opposition  of 
the  Samaritans  to  rebuilding  the  temple,  from  the 
time  of  Cyrus  to  Darius  Hystaspes ;  describing 
their  subsequent  oppositions  to  rebuilding  Jerusa"^ 
lem  and  its  walls,  in  the  ensuing  rei^n  of  Xerxes 
and  Artaxerxes.  It  comes  in  between  ver.  5,  and 
24,  of  this  chapter;  of  which  the  latter  verse  takes 
up  the  subject  of  the  former  again,  and  the  fifth 
chapter  proceeds  immediately  to  the  account  of  re- 
building the  temple  on  the  exhortation  of  the  proph- 
ets Haggai  and  Zechariah,  by  Zerubbabel  and 
Jcshna,  &c. 

"  The  merit  of  distinguishing  these  different 
oppositions  is  due  to  H"'ve.  in  his  ingenious  stric- 
tures on  Richardson's  Dissertations  on  the  Litera- 
ture of  Eastern  JS'ations.  See  his  Critical  Observa- 
tions on  Books,  vol.  ii.  p.  82,  &c." — Vide  Hales's 
.hmhjsis,  vol   ii.  note,  p.  524. 

(23)  There  has  been  much  difference  of  opinion 
with  regard  to  the  Ahasuerus  of  Scripture  It  is 
certain  that  the  Jews  were  accustomed  to  distin- 
guish foreign  persons  by  different  names  from  those 
given  to  them  in  profane  history  :  and  indeed  every 
nation  is  known  to  have  fallen  into  this  custom  in 
conformity  to  the  genius  and  pronunciation  of  its 
own  language.  Scaliger  contends,  that  Ahasuerus 
was  the  same  with  Xerxes  ;  becau.se,  from  a  fancied 
similarity  of  names  only,  he  supposes  that  his  queen 
Amestries  must  have  been  the  Esther  of  Holy  Writ. 
Archbishop  V  iier  is  of  opinion,  that  Darius 
Hystaspe.'s  was  the  king  Ahasuerus  that  married 
Esther  ;  and  that  Atossa  was  Vashti.  and  Artvstnne, 


Esther.  Some,  upon  grounds  equally  conjectural, 
have  maintained  that  Ahasuerus  was  Cyaxares ; 
while  others  again  have  imagined  that  he  was  Cam- 
byses.  But  all  these  contending  opinions  are  at 
variance  with  the  accounts  handed  down  to  us  by 
profane  historians.  Prideaux  therefore  supposes, 
and  with  the  greatest  probability,  that  Ahasuerus 
was  Artaxerxes  Longimanus  :  in  support  of  which 
argument  he  observes  ;  "  The  most  ancient  and  best 
evidences  that  can  be  had  of  this  matter  are  from 
the  Greek  version  of  the  sacred  text,  called  the 
Septuagint,  the  apocryphal  additions  to  the  book 
of  Esther,  and  Josephus  ;  and  all  these  agree  for 
Artaxerxes  Longimanus.  For  Josephus  positively 
tells  us  it  was  he  ;  and  the  Septuagint,  through  the 
whole  book  of  Esther,  wherever  the  Hebrew  text 
hath  Ahasuerus,  translate  Artaxerxes ;  and  the 
apocryphal  additions  to  that  book  ever3-where  call 
the  husband  of  Esther,  Artaxerxes,  who  could  be 
none  other  tlian  Artaxerxes  Longimanus  ;  for  there 
are  several  circumstances  related  of  him,  both  in 
the  canonical  and  apocryphal  Esther,  which  can  by 
no  means  be  ajjplicable  to  the  other  Artaxerxes, 
called  Mnenion.  And  Severus  Sulpitius,  and  many 
other  writers,  as  well  of  the  ancients  as  the  mod- 
erns, came  also  into  this  opinion,  .^nd  the  extra- 
ordinary favor  and  kindness  which  Artaxerxes 
Longimanus  showed  the  Jews  beyond  all  the  other 
kings  that  reigned  in  Persia,  first  in  sending  Ezra, 
and  afterwards  Nehemiah,  for  the  repairing  of  the 
broken  affairs  of  that  people  in  Judali  and  Jerusa- 
lem, and  the  restoring  of  them  again  to  their  ancient 
prosperity,  is  what  can  scarce  be  accounted  for  on 
any  other  reason,  but  that  they  had  in  his  bosom  such 
a  powerful  advocate  as  Esther  to  solicit  for  them." 
— Prideaux's  Connection,  p.  301  ;  Dr.  Gra\'. 


Part  IL] 


ARTAXERXES  DIVORCES  HIS  QUEEN. 


1117 


t  Chald.  Cheeneth. 


J  Or,  finished. 

*  Chald.  sewed  to- 
gether. 

t  Chald.  give, 
X  Or,  strength. 

*  CUM.  we  are 
salted  with  the 
salt  nf  the  palace. 


t  Chald.  made, 
t  Chald.  in  the 
midst  thereof. 


Chald.  societies. 


t  Chald.  by  me  a 

decree  is  set. 
X  Chald.  lifted  up 

itsef. 


c  1  Ki.  4.  21.  Ps. 

72.8. 
d  Gft.  15.  18.  Jo3. 

1.  4. 
*  Chald.  Make  a 

decree. 


t  Chald.  arm,  and 

power. 

SECT 

.    lit. 

A.  M. 
B.  C. 

3542. 

462. 

a  Ezra  4. 
9.1. 
b  Da.  6.  : 

6.  Da. 

tions  whom  the  great  and  noble  Asnapper  brought  over,  and  set  in  the 
cities  of  Samaria,  and  the  rest  that  are  on  this  side  the  river,  'and  tat 
such  a  time.  ^^  This  is  the  copy  of  the  letter  that  they  sent  unto  him, 
even  unto  Arta.\erxes  the  king : — 

"  Thy  servants  the  men  on  this  side  the  river,  and  at  such  a  time. 
"  1^  Be  it  known  unto  the  king,  that  the  Jews  which  came  up  from 
"  thee  to  us  are  come  unto  Jerusalem,  building  the  rebellious  and  the 
"  bad  city,  and  have  tset  up  the  walls  thereof,  and  *joined  the  foun- 
"  dations.  ^^  Be  it  known  now  unto  the  king,  that,  if  this  city  be  build- 
"  ed,  and  the  walls  set  up  again,  then  will  they  not  tpay  toll,  tribute, 
"  and  custom,  and  so  thou  shalt  endamage  the  trevenue  of  the  kings. 
"  1^  Now  because  *we  have  maintenance  from  the  king's  palace,  and  it 
"  was  not  meet  for  us  to  see  the  king's  dishonor,  therefore  have  we 
"  sent  and  certified  the  king,  ^^  that  search  may  be  made  in  the  book 
"  of  the  records  of  thy  fathers  ;  so  shalt  thou  find  in  the  book  of  the 
"  records,  and  know  that  this  city  is  a  rebellious  city,  and  hurtful  unto 
"  kings  and  provinces,  and  that  they  have  tmoved  sedition  twithin  the 
"  same  of  old  time  ;  for  which  cause  was  this  city  destroyed.  ^^  We 
"  certify  the  king  that,  if  this  city  be  builded  again,  and  the  walls 
"  thereof  set  up,  by  this  means  thou  shalt  have  no  portion  on  this  side 
"  the  river." 

^'Then  sent  the  king  an  answer  unto  Rehum  the  chancellor,  and  to 
Shimshai  the  scribe,  and  to  the  rest  of  their  *companions  that  dwell 
in  Samaria,  and  unto  the  rest  beyond  the  river, — 

"  Peace,  and  at  such  a  time  !  ^®  The  letter  which  ye  sent  unto  us 
"  hath  been  plainly  read  before  me.  ^^  And  tl  commanded,  and  search 
"  hath  been  made,  and  it  is  found  that  this  city  of  old  time  hath  tmade 
"  insurrection  against  kings,  and  that  rebellion  and  sedition  have  been 
"  made  therein.  '^^  There  have  been  mighty  kings  also  over  Jerusalem, 
''  which  have  'ruled  over  all  countries  ''beyond  the  river ;  and  toll,  trib- 
"  ute,  and  custom,  was  paid  unto  them.  -'  *Give  ye  now  commandment 
"  to  cause  these  men  to  cease,  and  that  this  city  be  not  builded,  until 
"  another  commandment  shall  be  given  from  me.  ^^  Take  heed  now  that 
"  ye  fail  not  to  do  this  :  why  should  damage  grow  to  the  hurt  of  the 
"  kings  ?  " 

23  Now  when  the  copy  of  king  Arta.xerxes'  letter  was  read  before 
Rehum,  and  Shimshai  the  scribe,  and  their  companions,  they  went  up 
in  haste  to  Jerusalem  unto  the  Jews,  and  made  them  to  cease  by  tforce 
and  power. 

Section  III. — Artaxerxes  divorces  his  Queen. 

(24)EsTHER  i.  and  ii.  1,  to  part  of  15. 

Ahasuerus  maketh  royal  feasts.  10  Vashti,  sent  for,  refiiseth  to  come.  13  Ahasnenis,  brj  the  coun- 
sel of  Memncan,  maketh  the  decree  of  men's  sovereignty.  —  Cliap.  ii.  1  Out  of  the  choice  of  vir- 
gins a  queen  is  to  be  chosen.  5  Mordecai  the  nursing  father  of  Esther.  9  Esther  is  preferred 
by  Hegai  before  the  rest.     12  The  manner  of -purification,  and  going  in  to  the  king. 

^  Now  it  came  to  pass  in  the  days  of  "Ahasuerus,  (this  is  Ahasuerus 
which  reigned,  from  India  even  unto  Ethiopia,  ''over  a  hundred  and 


{^*)  The  Book  of  Esther,  which  derives  its  name 
from  the  person  whose  history  it  chiefly  relates,  is 
hy  the  Jews  termed  MegiUoth  Esther,  or  the  Vol- 
ume of  Esther.  It  has  ever  been  held  in  the  higii- 
est  estimation  by  the  Jews,  who  place  it  on  the  same 
level  with  the  Law  of  Moses  ;  and  they  believe, 
that  whatever  destruction  may  attend  the  other 
sacred  writinors,  the  Pentateuch  and  the  Book  of 
Esther  will  always  be  preserved  by  a  special  provi- 
dencr. 

Concerning  the  author  of  this  book,  the  opinions 
of  biblical  critics  are  so  greatly  divided,  that  it  is 
difficult  to  determine  by  whom  it  was  written. 
VOL.   I. 


Some  ascribe  it  to  the  joint  labors  of  the  great  syna- 
gogue, who.  from  the  time  of  Ezra  to  Simon  the 
Just,  superintended  the  edition  and  canon  of  Scrip- 
ture. Philo  the  Jew  assigns  it  to  Joachin,  the  son 
of  Joshua  the  high  priest,  who  returned  with  Zerub- 
babel ;  others  think  it  was  composed  by  Mordecai  ; 
and  others,  again,  attribute  it  to  Esther  and  Mor- 
decai jointly.  The  two  latter  conjectures  are 
grounded  on  the  following  declaration  in  Esther  ix. 
20,  23.  "  And  Mordecai  wrote  these  things,  and 
sent  letters  unto  all  the  Jews  that  were  in  all  the 
provinces  of  king  Ahasuerus ;  and  the  Jews  un- 
dertook to  do  as  they  had  begun,  and  as  Mordecai, 

4  p 


1118  ARTAXERXES  DIVORCES  HIS  QUEEN.  [Period  VIII. 

seven  and  twenty  provinces  ;)  -  that  in  those  days,  when  the  king 
Ahasuerus  sat  on  the  throne  of  his  kingdom,  which  was  in  Shushan 
«Ge.  40.20.  Ma.  the  palace,  ^in  the  third  year  of  his  reign,  he  'made  a  feast  unto  all  his 
princes  and  his  servants,  (the  power  of  Persia  and  Media,  the  nobles 
and  princes  of  the  provinces  being  before  him  ;)  ^  when  he  showed 
the  riches  of  his  glorious  kingdom  and  the  honor  of  his  excellent  maj- 
esty many  days,  even  an  hundred  and  fourscore  days.  ^  And  when 
these  days  were  expired,  the  king  made  a  feast  unto  all  the  people 

•  Hcb.  found.       that  were  *present  in  Shushan  the  palace,  both  unto  great  and  small, 

seven  days,  in  the  court  of  the  garden  of  the  king's  palace  ;  ^  where 
t  Or,  violet.  were  white,  green,  and  Iblue  hangings,  fastened  with  cords  of  fine  linen 
and  purple  to  silver  rings  and  pillars  of  marble  :  the  beds  were  of  gold 
I  Or,  of porphy,-y,  and  silvcr,  upon  a  pavement  lof  red,  and  blue,  and  white,  and  black 
aiabZ"ur[''lnd'^  marble.  ■^  And  they  gave  them  drink  in  vessels  of  gold,  (the  vessels 
stone  of  bue  col-  j^gjj^g  divcrsc  ouc  from  another,)  and  *royal  wine  in  abundance,  ac- 

*  Heb.  xoine  of      cordiug  tto  the  state  of  the  king.  ^  And  the  drinking  was  according  to 
tHeh"foZ';ui„d  the  law,  (none  did  compel  ;)   for  so  the  king  had  appointed  to  all  the 

qfth^kmg.  officers  of  his  house,  that  they  should  do  according  to  every  man's 
pleasure.  "  Also  Vashti  the  queen  made  a  feast  for  the  women  in  the 
royal  house  which  belonged  to  king  Ahasuerus. 

"^  On  the  seventh  day,  when  the  heart  of  tiie  king  was  merry  with 

wine, he  commanded  Mehuman,  Biztha,  Harbona.  Bigthai,  and  Abagtha, 

I  Or,  eunucks.      Zcthar,  and  Carcas,  the  seven  tchamberlains  that  served  in  the  presence 

of  Ahasuerus  the  king,  ^^  to  bring  Vashti  the  queen  before  the  king 

with  the  crown  royal,  to  show  the  people  and  the  princes  her  beauty  ; 

*mh.gou,i0f      for  she  was  *fair  to  look  on.  i- But  the  queen  Vashti  refused  to  come 

"li^! whick  was  ^t  the  king's  commandment  tby  his  chamberlains  ;  therefore  was  the 

by  the  hand  of      J^jng  vcry  wroth,  and  his  anger  burned  in  him. 
dje.To!"7.'Da.2.       ^^  Thcu  the  king  said  to  the  ''wise  men,  which  knew  the  times,  (for 

12.  Mat. -2.1.  so  was  the  king's  manner  toward  all  that  knew  law  and  judgment; 
i^and  the  next  unto  him  was  Carshena,  Shethar,  Admatha,  Tarshish, 
Meres,  Marsena,  and  Memucan,  the  seven  princes  of  Persia  and  Media, 
which  saw  the  king's  face,  and  which  sat  the  first  in  the  kingdom  ;) 

t^Heb.  witatto  IS  "  |What  shall  we  do  unto  the  queen  Vashti  according  to  law,  because 
she  hath  not  performed  the  commandment  of  the  king  Ahasuerus  by 
the  chamberlains  ? " 

^^  And  Memucan  answered  before  the  king  and  the  princes,  "  Vashti 
the  queen  hath  not  done  wrong  to  the  king  only,  but  also  to  all  the 
princes,  and  to  all  the  people  that  are  in  all  the  provinces  of  the  king 
Ahasuerus.   ^"For  this  deed  of  the  queen  shall  come  abroad  unto  all 

«Eph.5. 3a.  women,  so  that  they  shall  'despise  their  husbands  in  their  eyes, 
when  it  shall  be  reported,  'The  king  Ahasuerus  commanded 
Vashti  the  queen  to  be  brought  in  before  him,  but  she  came  not.' 
^^  Likewise  shall  the  ladies  oif  Persia  and  Media  say  this  day  unto 
all  the  king's  princes,  which  have  heard  of  the  deed  of  the  queen.' 

*^MihekT/.      Thus  shall  there  arise  too  much  contempt  and  w^ath.  ^^  If  it  *please 

had  written  unto  tlipm."  But  the  context  of  the  on  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  days  of  the  month 
passage  clearly  shows  that  these  words  do  not  relate  Adar,  in  commemoration  of  the  great  deliverance 
to  the  book  itself,  but  to  the  circular  letters  which  which  Esther  by  her  interest  had  procured  for  the 
Mordecai  distributed  in  the  Persian  provinces.  Jews;  and  which  is  even  now  celebrated  among 
Augustine  and  some  of  the  fathers  suppose  that  them  with  many  peculiar  ceremonies,  and  with  re- 
it  was  written  by  Ezra,  and  this  opinion  appears  joicings  even  to  intoxication.  This  festival  was 
more  probable  than  any  that  has  been  offered  to  us.  called  Purim,  or  thefeaM  of  Lots.  {Pur,  in  the  Per- 
Bat  although  we  have  no  sufficient  evidence  to  sian  language,  signifying,  a  lot)  from  the  events 
ascertain  precisely  who  was  its  real  author,  there  mentioned  in  chap.  iii.  7,  ix.  24.  It  has  been  re- 
is  no  doubt  but  that  the  book  itself  contains  a  genu-  marked,  that  the  name  of  God  is  not  mentioned 
ine  and  faithful  acco\int  of  what  actually'^took  throughout  this  book  ;  but  his  superintendent  provi- 
place  ;  not  only  from  its  admission  into  the  canon  of  dence  is  so  evidently  displayed  in  every  transaction 
Scripture,  but  also  from  the  institution  of  the  feast  recorded  in  it.  that  its  authenticity  on  this  account 
of  Puriui ;  which,  from  its  first  establishment,  has  cannot  be  questioned. — Dr.  Gray's  Key,  in  loc. ; 
been  regularly  observed  as  an  annual   solemnity,  Home's  Critical  Inlr eduction,  in  loc. 


ARTAXERXES  DIVORCES  HIS  QUEEN. 


1119 


him. 

J  Heb.  pass  not 
away.  Est.  8.  8. 
Da.  6.  8,  12,  15. 

*  Heb.  her  com- 
panion. 


I  Heb.  was  good 
in  the  eyes  of  the 
king. 


X  Heb.  one  should 
puhlish  it  accord- 
ing to  t/ie  lan- 
guage of  his 
country. 


*  Heb.  hand. 

t  Or,  Hegai,  ver. 


ft  2  Ki.  24. 14,15. 

2  Ch.  36.  10,  20. 

Je.  24.  1. 
t  Or,  Jehoiachin, 

2  Ki.  24.  6. 
*  Heb.  nourished. 

Eph.  6.  4. 
t  Heb.  fair  of 

form,  and  good 

Hf  Countenance. 


X  Heb.  her  por 
tions. 


*  Hob.  changed 
her. 


f  Heb.  the  peace 
of  Either. 


the  kill"-,  let  there  go  a  royal  commandment  tfroni  him,  and  let  it  be 
written  among  the  laws  of  the  Persians  and  the  Medes,  that  it  tbe  not 
altered,  That  Vashti  come  no  more  before  king  Ahasucrus  ;  and  let 
the  king  give  her  royal  estate  unto  *another  that  is  better  than  she. 
-"  And  wiien  the  king's  decree  which  he  shall  make  shall  be  publisiied 
throughont  all  his  empire,  (for  it  is  great,)  all  the  wives  ^shall  give  to 
tiieir  husbands  honor,  both  to  great  and  small." 

21  And  the  saying  tpleased  the  king  and  the  princes,  and  the  king 
did  according  to  the  word  of  Memucan.  ^~  For  he  sent  letters  into 
all  the  king's  provinces,  into  every  province  according  to  the  writing 
thereof,  and  to  every  people  after  their  language,  that  every  man  should 
^bear  rule  in  his  own  house,  and  that  tit  should  be  published  according 
to  the  language  of  every  people. 

1  After  these  things,  when  the  wrath  of  king  Ahasuerus  Esther  ii.  i, 
was  appeased,  he  remembered  Vashti,  and  what  she  had  toparti5. 
done,  and  what  was  decreed  against  her.  ^  Then  said  the  king's  servants 
that  ministered  unto  him,  "  Let  there  be  fair  young  virgins  sought  for 
the  king  ;  ^and  let  the  king  appoint  officers  in  all  the  provinces  of  his 
kingdom,  that  they  may  gather  together  all  the  fair  young  virgins  unto 
Shushan  the  palace,  to  the  house  of  the  women,  unto  the  *custody  of 
fHege  the  king's  chamberlain,  keeper  of  the  women ;  and  let  their 
things  for  purification  be  given  them  ;  *  and  let  the  maiden  which 
pleaseth  the  king  be  queen  instead  of  Vashti."  And  the  thing  pleased 
the  king,  and  he  did  so. 

5  Now  in  Shushan  the  palace  there  was  a  certain  Jew,  whose  name 
was  Mordecai,  the  son  of  Jair,  the  son  of  Shimei,  the  son  of  Kish,  a 
Benjamite;  ^  who 'had  been  carried  away  from  Jerusalem  with  the 
captivity  which  had  been  carried  away  with  tJeconiah  king  of  Judah, 
whom  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  of  Babylon  had  carried  away.  "^  And 
he  *brought  up  Hadassah  (that  is  Esther,  his  uncle's  daughter,)  for 
she  had  neither  father  nor  mother.  And  the  maid  was  tfair  and  beau- 
tiful whom  Mordecai,  when  her  father  and  mother  were  dead,  took  for 
his  own  daughter. 

s  So  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  king's  commandment  and  his  decree 
was  heard,  and  when  many  maidens  were  gathered  together  unto 
Shushan  the  palace,  to  the  custody  of  Hegai,  that  Esther  was  brought 
also  unto  the  king's  house,  to  the  custody  of  Hegai,  keeper  of  the 
women.  ^  And  the  maiden  pleased  him,  and  she  obtained  kindness  of 
him  ;  and  he  speedily  gave  her  her  things  for  purification,  with  tsuch 
things  as  belonged  to  her,  and  seven  maidens,  which  were  meet  to  be 
given  her,  out  of  the  king's  house  ;  and  he  *  preferred  her  and  her 
maids  unto  the  best  place  of  the  house  of  the  women.  ^^  Esther  had 
not  showed  her  people  nor  her  kindred  ;  for  Mordecai  had  charged 
her  that  she  should  not  show  it.  ^^  And  Mordecai  walked  every  day 
before  the  court  of  the  women's  house,  to  know  thow  Esther  did,  and 
what  should  become  of  her. 

12  Now  when  every  maid's  turn  was  come  to  go  in  to  king  Ahasuerus, 
after  that  she  had  been  twelve  months,  according  to  the  manner  of  the 
women,  (for  so  were  the  days  of  their  purifications  accomplished,  to 
wit,  six  months  with  oil  of  myrrh,  and  six  months  with  sweet  odors, 
and  with  other  things  for  the  purifying  of  the  women  ;)  '=^  then  thus 
came  every  maiden  unto  the  king ;  whatsoever  she  desired  was  given 
her  to  go  with  her  out  of  the  house  of  the  women  unto  the  king's 
house.  1'*  In  the  evening  she  went,  and  on  the  morrow  she  returned 
into  the  second  house  of  the  women,  to  the  custody  of  Shaasligaz,  the 
king's  chamberlain,  which  kept  the  concubines ;  she  came  in  unto  the 


1120 


THE  COMMISSION  OF  EZRA. 


[Period  VIII. 


A.  M. 
B.  C. 


a  1  Ch.  6.  14. 


king  no  more,  except  the  king  delighted  in  her,  and  that  she  were 
called  by  name. 

^^  Now  when  the  turn  of  Esther,  the  daughter  of  Abihail  the  uncle 
of  Mordecai,  who  had  taken  her  for  his  daughter,  was  come  to  go  in 
unto  the  king,  she  required  nothing  but  what  Hegai,  the  king's  cham- 
berlain, the  keeper  of  the  women,  appointed. 

Section  IV. —  IVie  Commission  of  Ezra. '■'^^ 
Ezra  vii.  and  viii. 
Ezra  gfletli  up  to  Jerusalem.  11  The  gracious  commission  of  Artajcerxes  to  Ezra.  21  Ezra  bless- 
eth  God  for  this  favor.  —  Chap.  viii.  1  The  companiotu  of  Ezra,  tcho  returned  from  Babylon. 
15  He  sendeth  to  Iddo  for  ministers  for  the  temple.  21  He  keepetk  a  fast.  2-1-  He  committelh  the 
treasures  to  the  custody  of  the  priests.  31  Fro?n  Ahai-a  they  come  to  Jerusalem.  33  The  treas- 
ure is  weii^hed  in  the  temple.     36  The  commission  is  delivered. 

^  Now  after  these  things,  in  the  reign  of  Artaxerxes  king  of  Persia, 
Ezra  "the  son  of  Seraiah,  the  son  of  Azariah,  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  ^  the 


(^)  Ezra  probably  received  his  first  commission 
through  the  interest  of  Esther ;  as  a  short  time  after 
it  was  obtained,  she  was  made  queen,  (compare 
Esther  ii.  16,  with  vii.  8.) 

From  Ezra's  entering  upon  the  work  of  reforming 
the  Jewish  Church,  the  celebrated  prophecy  of  the 
seventy  weeks,  which  is  delivered  to  us  in  the 
ninth  chapter  of  Daniel,  concerning  tlie  coming  of 
the  Messiah,  is  to  be  computed.  The  words  of  the 
prophecy,  in  our  English  translation,  are  as  follow. 

Ver.  24.  '•  Seventy  weeks  are  determined  upon 
thy  people,  and  upon  thy  holy  city,  to  finish  the 
transgression,  and  to  make  an  end  of  sins,  and  to 
make  reconciliation  for  iniquity,  and  to  bring  in 
everlasting  righteousness,  and  to  seal  up  the  vision 
and  prophecy,  and  to  anoint  the  Most  Holy  :  "  ver. 
25.  "  Know,  therefore,  and  understand,  that,  from 
the  going  forth  of  the  commandment  to  restore  and 
to  build  Jerusalem,  unto  the  Messiali  the  Prince, shall 
be  seven  weeks,  and  threescore  and  two  weeks  ;  the 
street  shalt  be  built  again,  and  the  wall  even  in 
troublous  times:"  ver.  26.  "And  after  three- 
score and  two  weeks  shall  Messiali  be  cut  off,  but 
not  for  himself;  and  the  people  of  the  prince  that 
shall  come,  shall  destroy  the  city  and  the  sanctuary, 
and  the  end  thereof  sliall  be  with  a  flood,  and  to 
the  end  of  the  war  desolations  are  determined  :  " 
ver.  27  "  And  he  shall  confirm  the  covenant  with 
many  for  one  week  ;  and  in  the  midst  of  the  week 
he  shall  cause  the  sacrifice  and  the  oblation  to  cease, 
and  for  the  overspreading  of  abominations  he  shall 
make  it  desolate,  even  until  the  consummation, 
and  that  determined  shall  be  poured  upon  the 
desolate." 

And  it  being  of  great  moment,  for  the  conviction 
of  Jews  and  other  infidels  who  reject  the  faith  of 
Christ,  to  have  this  prophecy  well  cleared,  and 
made  out,  in  order  hereto  it  is  to  be  observed, — 

That  this  prophecy  doth  relate  primarily  and 
especially  to  the  Jews.  For  it  expresseth  tlie  time 
that  was  determined  upon  the  people  of  Daniel,  that 
is,  the  Jews,  and  upon  the  holy  city,  that  is,  Jeru- 
salem, the  whole  of  which  was  seventy  weeks  ; 
after  the  expiration  of  which  fore-ordained  time,  an 
end  beinff  put  to  the  Mosaic  economy,  the  Jews 
should  be  no  longer  God's  peculiar  people,  and  the 
worship  which  he  had  established  at  Jerusalem 
being  abolished,  that  city  should  be  no  longer  a 
city  holy  unto  him. 

Among  the  Jews  there  were  sabbatical  days, 
whereby  their  days  were  divided  into  weeks  of 
days ;  and  there  were  likewise  sabbatical  years, 
(Levit.  XXV.  8,)  whereby  their  years  were  divided 
into  weeks  of  years,  and  tliis  last  sort  of  weeks  is 
that  which  is  here  mentioned;  so  that  everyone 
of  the  weeks  of  this  propliecy  contains  seven  years, 
and  the  seventy  weeks  here  appointed,  denote  a 
period  of  490  years.  At  the  end  of  which  time, 
this  prophecy  was  accomplished  in  the  great  work 


of  our  salvation,  by  the  death  and  resurrection  of 
Christ  our  Lord,  who  made,  by  one  oblation  of 
Himself,  an  end  of  sin,  reconciliation  for  our  ini- 
quity, and  brought  in  the  law  of  everlasting 
righteousness. 

Then  the  Jewish  Church  and  the  Jewish  wor- 
ship at  Jerusalem  were  wholly  abolished,  the  king- 
dom of  the  Messiah  began  ;  and  the  Christian 
Church  and  the  Christian  worship  established,  and, 
instead  of  Jerusalem,  every  place  through  the 
whole  earth,  where  God  should  be  worshipped  in 
spirit  and  in  truth,  was  made  holy  unto  him.  The 
end  of  these  weeks  being  thus  fixed  at  the  death 
of  Christ,  by  which  great  sacrifice  all  visions  and 
prophecies  were  sealed  up  and  fulfilled,  (Dan.  ix. 
24),  it  necessarily  determines  us  to  fix  the  begin- 
ning of  these  weeks  490  years  before  that  event. 
And  as  most  learned  men  agree  that  ••  3Iessiah  was 
cut  off""  in  the  year  of  the  Julian  period  4746,  and 
in  the  Jewish  month  Nisan,  if  we  reckon  490 
years  backward,  this  will  lead  us  up  to  the  month 
Nisan,  in  the  year  of  the  Julian  period  4256,  which 
was  the  very  year  and  month  in  which  Ezra  had 
his  commission  from  Artaxerxes  Longimanus,  king 
of  Persia,  for  his  return  to  Jerusalem,  there  to  re- 
store the  church  and  state  of  the  Jews  ;  for  that 
year  of  the  Julian  period,  according  to  Ptolemy's 
canon,  was  the  seventh  year  of  that  king's  reign 
(Ezra  vii.  7),  in  which  the  Scriptures  tell  us  his 
commission  was  granted.  The  beginning,  there- 
fore, of  the  seventy  weeks,  or  490  years  of  this 
prophecy,  was  in  the  month  Nisan  of  the  Jewish 
year,  in  the  seventh  year  of  Artaxerxes  Longmian- 
us,  king  of  Persia,  and  in  the  4256th  year  of  the 
Julian  period,  when  Ezra  had  his  commission  ;  and 
tlie  end  of  them  fell  in  the  very  same  month  of 
Nisan,  in  the  4746th  year  of  the  Julian  period,  in 
which  very  year  and  very  month  Christ  our  Lord 
suff"ered  for  us,  and  thereby  completed  the  whole 
work  of  our  salvation,  there  being  just  seventy 
weeks  of  years,  or  490  years,  from  the  one  to  the 
other. 

It  is  evident,  then,  from  the  prophecy  itself,  that 
these  weeks  must  have  their  beginning  from  the 
date  of  the  commission  granted  to  Ezra,  because 
their  commencement  must  be  determined  by  the 
death  of  Christ.  It  is  expressly  stated  (Dan.  ix. 
25.)  that  they  should  begin  "  from  the  going  forth 
of  the  commandment  to  restore  and  to  build  Jeru- 
salem :  "  which  words,  therefore,  must  be  under- 
stood figuratively,  as  they  refer  to  tlie  ecclesiastical, 
as  well  "as  to  the  political  state  of  the  Jews,  and  to 
the  future  reestablishment  of  both,  according  to  the 
Law  of  Moses  ;  which  great  work  was  completely 
brought  about  by  Ezra,  wiio  effected  a  thorough 
reformation  in  church  and  state.  For  if  tliese 
words  "to  restore  and  to  build  Jerusalem,"  are  to 
be  taken  in  their  literal  signification,  they  must  re- 
late to  the  decree  of  Cyrus,  of  whom  it  was  pre- 


Part  11.1 


THE  COMMISSION  OF  EZRA. 


1121 


6  1  Ch.e.  31,&c. 


*  Heb.  wag  the 
foundation  of  the 
going  up. 

cPs.  119.45. 

d  De.  33.  10.  Ne. 
8.  1-8.  Mai.  2. 
7. 


t  Or,  to  Ezra  the 
priest,  a  perfect 
scribe  of  the  law 
of  the  God  of 
heaven,  peace, 
Src. 

e  Ezra  4.  10. 

J  Chald. /rom  be- 
fore the  king. 

/Est.  1.  14. 


g  Nu.  15.  4-13. 
A  De.  12.  5,  11. 


son  of  Shallum,  the  son  of  Zadok,  the  son  of  Ahitub,  ^  the  son  of 
Amariah,  the  son  of  Azariah,  the  son  of  Meraioth,  '^  the  son  of  Zera- 
hiah,  the  son  of  Uzzi,  the  son  of  Bukki,  ^  the  son  of  Abishua,  the  son 
of  Phinehas,  the  son  of  Eleazar,  the  son  of  Aaron  the  chief  priest ; — 
^this  Ezra  went  up  from  Babylon  ;  and  he  was  a  ready  scribe  in  the 
Law  of  Moses,  which  the  Lord  God  of  Israel  had  given  ;  and  the 
king  granted  him  all  his  request,  according  to  the  hand  of  the  Lord 
his  God  upon  him.  "^  And  there  went  up  some  of  the  children  of  Israel, 
and  of  the  priests,  and  'the  Levites,  and  the  singers,  and  the  porters, 
and  the  Nethinims,  unto  Jerusalem,  in  the  seventh  year  of  Artaxerxes 
the  king.  ^And  he  came  to  Jerusalem  in  the  fifth  month,  which  was 
in  the  seventh  year  of  the  king.  ^  For  upon  the  first  day  of  the  first 
month  *began  he  to  go  up  from  Babylon,  and  on  the  first  day  of  the 
fifth  month  came  he  to  Jerusalem,  according  to  the  good  hand  of  his 
God  upon  him.  ^"  For  Ezra  had  prepared  his  heart  'to  seek  the  Law  of 
the  Lord,  and  to  do  it,  and  to  ''teach  in  Israel  statutes  and  judgments. 

11  Now  this  is  the  copy  of  the  letter  that  the  king  Artaxerxes  gave 
unto  Ezra  the  priest,  the  scribe,  even  a  scribe  of  the  words  of  the 
commandments  of  the  Lord,  and  of  his  statutes  to  Israel. 

1'-^  "  Artaxerxes,  king  of  kings,  tunto  Ezra  the  priest,  a  scribe  of  the 
"law  of  the  God  of  heaven,  perfect  peace,  'and  at  such  a  time  !  ^^I 
"  make  a  decree,  that  all  they  of  the  people  of  Israel,  and  of  his  priests 
"  and  Levites,  in  my  realm,  which  are  minded  of  their  own  freewill  to 
"  go  up  to  Jerusalem,  go  with  thee.  ^^  Forasmuch  as  thou  art  sent  tof 
"  the  king,  and  of  his  ^even  counsellors,  to  inquire  concerning  Judah 
'  and  Jerusalem,  according  to  the  law  of  thy  God  which  is  in  thy 
'hand;  ^^and  to  carry  the  silver  and  gold,  which  the  king  and  his 
"  counsellors  have  freely  offered  unto  the  God  of  Israel,  whose  habita- 
"  tion  is  in  Jerusalem,  ^^and  all  the  silver  and  gold  that  thou  canst  find 
"  in  all  the  province  of  Babylon,  with  the  freewill  offering  of  the 
"  people,  and  of  the  priests,  offering  willingly  for  the  house  of  their 
"  God  which  is  in  Jerusalem  ;  ^^  that  thou  mayest  buy  speedily  with  this 
"  money  bullocks,  rams,  lambs,  with  their  "meat  offerings  and  their 
"  drink  offerings,  and  ''offer  them  upon  the  altar  of  the  house  of  your 
"God  which  is  in  Jerusalem.  ^^And  whatsoever  shall  seem  good  to 
"thee,  and  to  thy  brethren,  to  do  with  the  rest  of  the  silver  and  the 
"gold,  that  do  after  the  will  of  your  God.  ^^The  vessels  also  that  are 
"  given  thee  for  the  service  of  the  house  of  thy  God,  those  deliver  thou 
"  before  the  God  of  Jerusalem.  ^^  And  whatsoever  more  shall  be  need- 
"  fill  for  the  house  of  thy  God,  which  thou  shalt  have  occasion  to  bestow, 
"  bestow  it  out  of  the  king's  treasure  house.  ^^  And  I,  even  I  Artaxerxes 
"  the  king,  do  make  a  decree  to  all  the  treasurers  which  are  beyond  the 
"  river,  that  whatsoever  Ezra  the  priest,  the  scribe  of  the  law  of  the 
"God  of  heaven,  shall  require  of  you,  it  be  done  speedily.  ^^  Unto  an 
"  hundred  talents  of  silver,  and  to  an  hundred  ^measures  of  wheat, 
"  and  to  an  hundred  baths  of  wine,  and  to  an  hundred  baths  of  oil, 
"  and  salt  without  prescribing  how  much.  ^^  Whatsoever  is  fcom- 
"  manded  by  the  God  of  heaven,  let  it  be  diligently  done  for  the  house 
"  of  the  God  of  heaven  ;  for  why  should  there  be  wrath  against  the 
"realm  of  the  king  and  his  sons  ?  ~^  Also  we  certify  you,  that  touching 


dieted,  that  he  "  should  say  to  Jerusalem,  '  Be  thou 
built,'  and  to  the  temple,  '  Thy  foundation  shall  be 
laid,'  "  and  the  commencement  of  the  seventy 
weeks  must  be  computed  from  his  edict.  But  they 
cannot  begin  at  this  time,  because  they  would  then 
have  expired  long  before  even  the  coming  of  the 
Messiah;  and  as  we  are  certain,  from  the  prophecy 
itself,  that  the  seventy  weeks  must  begin  from  one 

VOL.   I.  141 


of  the  edicts  granted  by  the  kings  of  Persia  in  favor 
of  the  Jews,  it  is  evident  that  they  can  only  have 
their  commencement  from  this  decree  of  Artaxer- 
xes, given  in  the  seventh  year  of  his  reign  :  and 
that  the  words  "  to  restore  and  to  build  Jerusalem  " 
must  be  taken  in  their  figurative  signification.  See 
tlie  arguments  at  length,  in  Prideaux's  Connection, 
part  i.°book  v.  p.  377-408. 

4p# 


1122  THE  COMmSSION  OF  EZRA.  [Period  VIII. 

"  any  of  the  priests  and  Levites,  singers,  porters,  Nethininis,  or  niinis- 
"  ters  of  this  house  of  God,  it  shall  not  be  lawful  to  impose  toll,  tribute, 
"or  custom,  upon  them.  ^^And  thou,  Ezra,  after  the  wisdom  of  thy 

'dc'is'is'^'  "  ^od,  that  is  in  thy  hand,  'set  magistrates  and  judges,  which  may 
'•'judge  all  the  people  that  are  beyond  the  river,  all  such  as  know  the 

"^MaiV?  Mat     "  ^^^^'^  ^f  thy  God  ;  and  ^teach  ye  them  that  know  them  not.  ^*^And 

23.2,3.  '-whosoever  will  not  do  the  law  of  thy  God,  and  the  law  of  the  king, 

"  let  judgment  be  executed  speedily  upon  him,  whether  it  be  unto  death, 

X  chau.  to  root-  ''or  Ito  banishment,  or  to  confiscation  of  goods,  or  to  imprisonment." 
-"  Blessed  be  the  Lord  God  of  our  fathers,  which  hath  put  such  a 
thing  as  this  in  the  king's  heart,  to  beautify  the  house  of  the  Lord 
which  is  in  Jerusalem;  '^and  hath  extended  mercy  unto  me  before 
the  king,  and  his  counsellors,  and  before  all  the  king's  mighty  princes. 
And  I  was  strengthened  as  the  hand  of  the  Lord  my  God  was  upon 
me,  and  I  gathered  together  out  of  Israel  chief  men  to  go  up  with  me. 

i  1  Esdras  8. 28.  ^  Thcsc  *are  now  the  chief  of  their  fathers,  and  this  is  Ezra  viii. 
the  genealogy  of  them  that  went  up  with  me  from  Baby- 
lon, in  the  reign  of  Artaxerxes  the  king.  ^Of  the  sons  of  Phinehas; 
Gershom  :  of  the  sons  of  Ithamar ;  Daniel :  of  the  sons  of  David  ; 
Hattush.  ^Of  the  sons  of  Shechaniah,  of  the  sons  of  Pharosh  ;  Zech- 
ariah :  and  with  him  were  reckoned  by  genealogy  of  the  males  an 
hundred  and  fifty.  ''Of  the  sons  of  Pahath-moab  ;  Elihoenai  the  son 
of  Zerahiah,  and  with  him  two  hundred  males.  ^  Of  the  sons  of  Shech- 
aniah ;  the  son  of  .Tahaziel,  and  with  him  three  hundred  males.  ^  Of 
the  sons  also  of  Adin  ;  Ebed  the  son  of  Jonathan,  and  with  him  fifty 
males.  ''And  of  the  sons  of  Elam  ;  Jeshaiah  the  son  of  Athaliah,  and 
with  him  seventy  males.  ^  And  of  the  sons  of  Shephatiah  ;  Zebadiah 
the  son  of  Michael,  and  with  him  fourscore  males.  ^  Of  the  sons  of 
Joab ;  Obadiah  the  son  of  Jehiel,  and  with  him  two  hundred  and 
eighteen  males.  ^^  And  of  the  sons  of  Shelomith  ;  the  son  of  Josiphiah, 
and  with  him  an  hundred  and  threescore  males.  ^^  And  of  the  sons  of 
Bebai ;   Zechariah  the  son  of  Bebai,  and  with  him  twenty  and   eight 

*OT,the7joungcst  malcs.  ^^  And  of  the  sons  of  Azgad  ;  Johanan  *the  son  of  Hakkatan, 
and  with  him  an  hundred  and  ten  males.  '^  And  of  the  last  sons  of 
Adonikam,  whose  names  are  these,  Eliphelet,  Jeiel,  and  Shemaiah,  and 
with  them  threescore  males.   ''*  Of  the  sons  also  of  Bigvai ;  Uthai,  and 

t  Or,  zaccttr,  as    fZabbud,  and  with  them  seventy  males. 

'''And  I  gathered  them  together  to  the  river  that  runneth  to  Ahava, 

XOr,pitchej.  and  there  tabode  we  in  tents  three  days  ;  and  I  viewed  the  people,  and 
the  priests,  and  found  there  none  of  the  sons  of  Levi.  "^  Then  sent  I 
for  Eliezer,  for  Ariel,  for  Shemaiah,  and  for  Elnathan,  and  for  Jarib, 
and  for  Elnathati,  and  for  Nathan,  and  for  Zechariah,  and  for  Me- 
shullam,  chief  men  ;  also  for  Joiarib,  and  for  Elnathan,  men  of  under- 
standing.  '■'  And  I  sent  them  with  commandment  unto  Iddo  the  chief 

*  Heb.  Tput         at  the  place  Casiphia,  and  *I  told  them  what  they  should  sav  unto  Iddo, 

words  III  their  ,  i   ■        i  i  ,  -ht       i  •     •  i  i  /-^       •     i   •"  i 

TnoutA.seeasa.  and  to  his   brethren  the  Nethmims,  at  the  place  Casiphia,  that  they 
'    ■  should  bring  unto  us  ministers  for  the   house  of  our  God.   '^And  by 

z  Ne.  8. 7.  &  9. 4.  the  good  hand  of  our  God  upon  us  they  'brought  us  a  man  of  under- 
standing, of  the  sons  of  Mahli,the  son  of  Levi,  the  son  of  Israel ;  and 
Sherebiah,  with  his  sons  and  his  brethren,  eighteen  ;  '-'and  Hashabiah, 
and  with  him  Jeshaiah,  of  the  sons  of  Merari,  his  brethren  and  their 
sons,  twenty;  -°also  of  the  Nethinims,  whom  David  and  the  princes 
had  appointed  for  the  service  of  the  Levites,  two  hundred  and  twenty 
m2Ch.20.3.       Ncthiuims :  all  of  them  were  expressed  by  name. 

"23. 29.  Is.  58. 3,       ^' Then  '"I  proclaimed  a  fast  there,  at  the  river  of  Ahava,  that  we 
oPs  5  8  might  "afllict  ourselves  before  our  God,  to  seek  of  him  "a  right  way 

j>  So  1  Co.  9.  J5.    for  us,  and  for  our  little  ones,  and  for  all  our  substance,  ^^^or  ''I  was 


p^aT  II.]  ESTHER  MADE  QUEEN  OF  PERSIA.  1123 

ashamed  to  require  of  the  king  a  band  of  soldiers  and  horsemen  to 
help  us  against  the  enemy  in  the  way  ;  because  we  had  spoken  unto 
5  Ps.  33.  )8, 19.  the  kingj'saying,  "  The  hand  of  our  God  is  upon  all  them  'for  good 
Ro!8.28.^^'  that  seek  him  ;  but  his  power  and  his  wrath  is  '^against  all  them  that 
rP8.34.ia.  "forsake  him."  -^  So  we  fasted  and  besought  our  God  for  this;  and  he 
tich'fao'       was  'entreated  of  us. 

2Ch.'33. 13.  la.       24  ^hen  I  Separated  twelve  of  the  chief  of  the   priests,   Sherebiah, 

^^'^^'  Hashabiah,  and  ten  of  their  brethren  with  them,  ^^and  weighed  unto 

them  the  silver,  and  the  gold,  and  the  vessels,  even  the  offering  of  the 

house  of  our  God,  which  the  king,  and  his  counsellors,  and  his  lords, 

and    all  Israel  there  present,   had   offered  :  ^^  I  even   weighed    unto 

their  hand  six  hundred  and  fifty  talents  of  silver,  and  silver  vessels  an 

hundred  talents,  and  of  gold  an   hundred   talents  ;  ^^  also   twenty  ba- 

^neh.  yellow,  or,  SOUS  of  gold,  of  a  thousaud  drams  ;  and  two  vessels  of  tfine  copper, 

jtSSL    tprecious  as  gold.  '^«  And  I  said  unto  them,  "  Ye  are  "holy  unto  the 

«Le.2i.6-8.       Lord  ;  the  vessels  are  "holy  also;  and  the  silver  and  the  gold  are  a 

Jie%\  3.      freewill  offering  unto  the  Lord  God  of  your  fathers.  ^^  Watch  ye,  and 

Nu.'4. 4,i5;i9,  i^ggp  i\^Qm,  until  ye  weigh  them  before  the  chief  of  the  priests  and 

the  Levites,  and  chief  of  the  fathers  of  Israel,  at   Jerusalem,  in   the 

chambers  of  the  house  of  the  Lord."  ^^  So   took  the  priests  and  the 

Levites  the  weight  of  the  silver,  and  the  gold,  and  the  vessels,  to  bring 

them  to  Jerusalem  unto  the  house  of  our  God. 

=5-  Then  we  departed  from  the  river  of  Ahava  on  the  twelfth  day  of 
the  first  month,  to  go  unto  Jerusalem  ;  and  the  hand  of  our  God  was 
upon  us,  and  he  delivered  us  from  the  hand  of  the  enemy,  and  of  such 
wNe.2. 11.  as  lay  in  wait  by  the  way.  ^^  And  '"we  came  to  Jerusalem,  and  abode 
there  three  days.  ^^  Now  on  the  fourth  day  was  the  silver  and  the 
gold  and  the  vessels  weighed  in  the  house  of  our  God  by  the  hand  of 
Meremoth  the  son  of  Uriah  the  priest ;  and  with  him  was  Eleazar  the 
son  of  Phinehas  ;  and  with  them  was  Jozabad  the  son  of  Jeshua,  and 
Noadiah  the  son  of  Binnui,  Levites.  ^"^  By  number  and  by  weight  of 
every  one ;  and  all  the  weight  was  written  at  that  time.  ^^  Also  the 
children  of  those  that  had  been  carried  away,  which  were  come  out  of 
2  So  Ezra  6. 17.  the  Captivity,  ''offered  burnt  offerings  unto  the  God  of  Israel,  (twelve 
bullocks  for  all  Israel,)  ninety  and  six  rams,  seventy  and  seven  lambs, 
twelve  he  goats  for  a  sin  offering :  all  this  was  a  burnt  offering  unto 
the  Lord. 
3'^  And  they  delivered  the  king's  commissions  unto  the  king's  lieu- 
tenants, and  to  the  governors  on  this  side  the  river  ;  and  they  furthered 
the  people,  and  the  house  of  God. 

SECT.  V.  Section  V. — Esther  made  Queen  of  Persia. 

Esther  ii.  latter  part  ofver.  15-20. 

And  Esther  obtained  favor  in  the  sight  of  all  them  that  looked  upon 
—  her.  ^^  So  Esther  was  taken  unto  king  Ahasuerus  into  his  house  royal 

in  the  tenth  month,  which  is  the  month  Tebeth,  in  the  seventh  year  of 
his  reio-n.  ^^  And  the  king  loved  Esther  above  all  the  women,  and  she 
*or,kmdaess.     obtained  grace  and  *favor  tin  his  sight  more  than  all  the  virgins  ;  so 
\iieh.  before  him.  ^^^^  j^g  ggj-  ^j^g  royal  crown  upon  her  head,  and  made  her  queen  in- 
stead of  Vashti.  ^^  Then  the  king  made   a  great  feast   unto  all   his 
%  Heb.  rest         priuccs  and  his  servants,  even  Esther's  feast ;  and  he  made  a  trelease  to 
the  provinces,  and  gave  gifts,  according  to  the  state  of  the  king.  '^And 
when  the  virgins  were  gathered  together  the   second  time,  then  Mor- 
decai  sat  in  the  king's  gate.  2°  Esther  had  not  yet  showed  her  kindred 
nor  her  people,  as  Mordecai  had  charged  her  ;  for  Esther  did  the  com- 
mandment of  Mordecai,  like  as  when  she  was  brought  up  with  him. 


A.  M.  3547. 
B.  C.  457. 


1124  THE  REFORMATION  BY  EZRA.  [Period  Vlli. 

SECT.  VI.  Section   VI. —  The  Reformation  by  Ezra. 

A.  ir"3547.  Ezra  Lx.  ««rf  X.    ^ 

B.  C.  457.         Ezra  mOumeth  for  the  affinity  of  the  -people  tciili  strangers.     5  Hepraijeth  unto  God  with  confession 

of  sins.  —  Chap.  x.   1  Shechani'ili  enconrageth  Ezra  to  reform  the  strange  marriages.     6  Ezra 

assembleth  the  people.     9  The  people,  at  the  exhortation  of  Ezra,  repent,  and  promise  amend- 
ment.    15  The  care  to  perform  it.     18  77i€  names  of  them  which  had  married  strange  wives. 

^  Now  when  these  things  were  done,  the  princes  came  to  me,  say- 
ing, "  The  people  of  Israel,  and  the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  have  not 

a  De.  12. 30, 31.  Separated  themselves  from  the  people  of  the  lands,  "doing  according 
to  their  abominations,  even  of  the  Canaanites,  the  Hittites,  the  Periz- 
zites,  the  Jebusites,  the  Ammonites,  the  Moabites,  the  Egyptians,  and 

6  Ex.  34. 16.  De.   the  Amorites.  -  For  they  have  Haken  of  their  daughters  for  themselves, 

7  3   Ne  13  23.  "^  . 

cEx!  19.G.&.22.  a-nd  for  their  sons,  so  that  the  'holy  seed  ''have  mingled  themselves 
31.  De.  7. 6.  &.  ^jitjj  ti^g  people  of  thosc  lands  ;  yea,  the  hand  of  the  princes  and  ru- 
daco. 6. 14.        lers  hath  been  chief  in  this  trespass."  ^And  when  I  heard  this  thing, 

I  rent  my  garment  and  my  mantle,  and  plucked  off  the   hair  of  my 

head  and  of  my  beard,  and  sat  down  astonied.  "*  Then  were  assembled 
ei9. 66. 2.  unto    me    every    one    that    'trembled   at  the   words  of  the   God   of 

Israel,  because  of  the  transgression  of  those  that  had  been  carried 
/Ex.  29. 39.        away  ;  and  I  sat  astonied  until  the  ■'^evening  sacrifice. 
*oi,  affiuuon.  ^  And  at  the  evening  sacrifice  I  arose  up  from   my  *heaviness  ;  and 

having  rent  my  garment  and  my  mantle,  I  fell   upon   my  knees,  and 
^Ex. 9. 29, 33.     ^spread  out  my  hands  unto  the  Lord  my  God,  ''and  said, — 
AJob4o.  4,5.  O  my  God!    I  am  'ashamed  and  blush  to  lift  up  my  face  to  thee, 

"  ■  '  "  my  God  ;  for  our  iniquities  are  increased  over  our  head,  and  our 
^ Or,  guiltiness,  ttrcspass is  "growu  up  unto  the  heavens.  '''Since  the  days  of  our  fathers 
'i8^5.'^'^'  ^^'  have  ^we  been  in  a  great  tres})ass  unto  this  day  ;  and  for  our  iniqui- 
1  Ps.  106. 6.  Da.  ties  *have  we,  our  kings,  and  our  priests,  been  delivered  into  the  hand 
i  De.' 26. 36, 64.  of  the  kiugs  of  tlic  lands,  to  the  sword,  to  captivity,  and  to  a  spoil, 
Ne.  9. 30.  and  to  confusion  of  face,  as  it  is  this  day.  ^  And  now  for  a  tlittle  space 

J  Heb.  moment,  g^g^^g  j^jjth  bccn  showed  from  the  Lord  our  God,  to  leave  us  a  rem- 
*Or,  apim  that  naut  to  cscapc,  and  to  give  us  *a  nail  in  his  holy  place,  that  our  God 

IS,  a  constant  ana  t     i  t        •  i-i  ."^   .  .  . 

sureabode;so     may  lighten  our  eyes,  and  give  us  a  little  reviving  in  our  bondage. 

iNe.9.36.         ^  For  'wc  wcic  boudmcn  ;  yet  our  God  hath  not  forsaken  us  in  our 

bondage,  but  hath  extended  mercy  unto   us  in  the  sight  of  the   kings 

of  Persia,  to  give  us  a  reviving,  to  set   up  the  house  of  our   God,  and 

^  Beh.  to  set  up.    fto  repair  the  desolations  thereof,  and  to  give  us  a  wall  in  Judah  and 

in  Jerusalem.  ^"^  And  now,  O  our  God  !   what  shall  we  say  after  this  ? 

for  we  have  forsaken  thy  commandments,  ^^  which  thou  hast  command- 

jiieb.  jytAe       ed  tby  thy  servants  the  prophets,  saying,  "  The  land,  unto  which  ye  go 

ranL"     "  ^*^     to  posscss  it,  is  all  uucleau  land  with  the  filthiness  of  the  people  of  the 

*Heb.  mouth  to     lands,  with  their  abominations,  which  have  filled   it  from  *one  end  to 

2l"i6.'  ''"     '"    another  with  their  uncleanness.   '~  Now  therefore  '"give  not  your  daugh- 

'3f^'6^De.^7.\  ters   unto  their  sons,  neither  take  their  daughters  unto  your  sons,  "nor 

n  Do.  23. 6.         seck  their  peace  or  their  wealth  for  ever  ;  that  ye   may  be  strong,  and 

0  Pr.  13.  ^.        eat  the  good  of  the  land,  and  "leave  it  for  an  inheritance  to  your  children 

^  ^"  ^'  for  ever."   ^^  And  after  all  that  is  come  upon  us  for  our  evil  deeds,  and 

f  Heb.  Aasi!  wit/i-    for  our  great  trespass,  seeing  that  thou  our  God  f  hast  punished  us  less 

inuiuit^e^^  "^''    than  our  iniquities  deserve,  and  hast  given  us  such  deliverance  as  this  ; 

p  Jo. .5. 14. 2 Pe.    i4gj^Q^]jj  yyp  'again  break  thy  commandments,  and  'join  in  affinity  with 

2  20  21  ''  o  J 

, No.  13.  23,27.  the  people  of  these  abominations?  wouldest  not  thou  be  'angry  with 
rDe.  9. 8.  US  till  thou  hadst  cousumcd  US,  SO  that  there   should  be  no  remnant 

nor  escaping  ?  ^''  O  Lord  God  of  Israel,  thou  art  righteous ;  for  we 
iRo.  3. 19.  remain  yet  escaped,  as  it  is  this  day.  Behold,  we  are  'before  thee  in 
1 1  Co.  15. 17.       our  trespasses  ;  for  we  cannot  'stand  before  thee  because  of  this. 

^  Now  when   Ezra   had   prayed,  and  when  he  had  con-      Ezra  x 

fessed,  weeping  and  casting  himself  down  before  the  house 


Part  II.] 


J  Heb.  a  great 
weeping. 


M2Ch.  34.  31. 
*  Heb.  to  bring 
forth. 
V  De.  7.  2,  3. 


THE  REFORMATION  BY  EZRA. 


1125 


of  God,  there  assembled  unto  him  out  of  Israel  a  very  great  congre- 
gation of  men  and  women  and  children  ;  for  the  people  wept  tvery 
sore.  -  And  Shechaniah  the  son  of  Jehiel,  one  of  the  sons  of  Elam, 
answered  and  said  unto  Ezra,  "  We  have  trespassed  against  our  God, 
and  have  taken  strange  wives  of  the  people  of  the  land  ;  yet  now  there 
is  hope  in  Israel  concerning  this  thing.  ^Now  therefore  let  us  make 
"a  covenant  with  our  God  *to  put  away  all  the  wives,  and  such  as  are 
born  of  them,  according  to  the  counsel  of  my  lord,  and  of  those  that 
tremble  at  "the  commandment  of  our  God  ;  and  let  it  be  done  accord- 
ing to  the  law.  '*  Arise !  for  this  matter  belongeth  unto  thee.  We 
also  will  be  with  thee  ;  be  of  good  courage,  and  do  it."  ^  Then  arose 
Ezra,  and  made  the  chief  priests,  the  Levites,  and  all  Israel,  to  swear 
that  they  should  do  according  to  this  word.     And  they  sware. 

^  Then  Ezra  rose  up  from  before  the  house  of  God,  and  went  into 
the  chamber  of  Johanan  the  son  of  Eliashib.  And  when  he  came 
thither,  "he  did  eat  no  bread,  nor  drink  water  ;  for  he  mourned  because 
of  the  transgression  of  them  that  had  been  carried  away.  ''  And  they 
made  proclamation  throughout  Judah  and  Jerusalem  unto  all  the  chil- 
dren of  the  captivity,  that  they  should  gather  themselves  together  unto 


f  Heb.  devoted. 


X  See  1  Sa.  12. 
18. 

\  Heb.  the  show- 
ers. 

*  Heb.  have 
caused  to  dwell, 
or,  have  brought 
back. 


t  Or,  we  have 
greatly  offended 
in  this  thing. 


I  Or,  be  turned 
from  us  till  this 
matter  be  de- 
spatched. 

*  Heb.  stood. 


z2Ki.  10.  15. 

1  Ch.  29.  24. 

2  Ch.  30.  8. 
a  Le.  6.  4,  6. 


Jerusak 


'  and  that  whosoever  would  not  come  within   three   days, 


according  to  the  counsel  of  the  princes  and  the  elders,  all  his  substance 
should  be  fforfeited,  and  himself  separated  from  the  congregation  of 
those  that  had  been  carried  away. 

9  Then  all  the  men  of  Judah  and  Benjamin  gathered  themselves  to- 
gether unto  Jerusalem  within  three  days.  It  was  the  ninth  rnonth, 
and  the  twentieth  day  of  the  month ;  and  ""all  the  people  sat  in  the 
street  of  the  house  of  God,  trembling  because  of  this  matter,  and  for 
tthe  great  rain.  ^°  And  Ezra  the  priest  stood  up,  and  said  unto  them, 
"  Ye  have  transgressed,  and  *have  taken  strange  wives,  to  increase  the 
trespass  of  Israel.  ^^  Now  therefore  ^make  confession  unto  the  Lord 
God  of  your  fathers,  and  do  his  pleasure  ;  and  separate  yourselves 
from  the  people  of  the  land,  and  from  the  strange  wives."  ^^  Then  all 
the  congregation  answered  and  said  with  a  loud  voice,  "  As  thou  hast 
said,  so  must  we  do.  ^^  But  the  people  are  many,  and  it  is  a  time  of 
much  rain,  and  we  are  not  able  to  stand  without,  neither  is  this  a  work 
of  one  day  or  two ;  for  twe  are  many  that  have  transgressed  in  this 
thing.  ^'^  Let  now  our  rulers  of  all  the  congregation  stand,  and  let  all 
them  which  have  taken  strange  wives  in  our  cities  come  at  appointed 
times,  and  with  them  the  elders  of  every  city,  and  the  judges  thereof, 
until  the  fierce  wrath  of  our  God  tfor  this  matter  be  turned  from 
us." 

*5  Only  Jonathan  the  son  of  Asahel  and  Jahaziah  the  son  of  Tikvah 
*were  employed  about  this  matter :  and  Meshullam  and  Shabbethai 
the  Levite  helped  them.  ^^  And  the  children  of  the  captivity  did  so. 
And  Ezra  the  priest,  with  certain  chief  of  the  fathers,  (after  the 
house  of  their  fathers,  and  all  of  them  by  their  names,)  were  separa- 
ted, and  sat  down  in  the  first  day  of  the  tenth  month  to  examine  the 
matter.  ^^  And  they  made  an  end  with  all  the  men  that  had  taken 
strange  wives  by  the  first  day  of  the  first  month. 

^^  And  among  the  sons  of  the  priests  there  were  found  that  had 
taken  strange  wives  :  namely,  of  the  sons  of  Jeshua  the  son  of  Jozadak, 
and  his  brethren  ;  Maaseiah,  and  Eliezer,  and  Jarib,  and  Gedaliah. 
^^  And  they  ''gave  their  hands  that  they  would  put  away  their  wives ; 
and  being  "guilty,  they  offered  a  ram  of  the  flock  for  their  trespass. 
20  And  of  the  sons  of  Immer ;  Hanani,  and  Zebadiah.  ^^  And  of  the 
sons  of  Harim  ;  Maaseiah,  and  Elijah,  and  Shemaiah,  and  Jehiel,  and 


tl24 


CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECIIARIAH.     [Period  VIII. 


t  Or,  Mabnadebai, 
according  to 
some  copies. 


Uzziah.  -2  And  of  the  sons  of  Pashur ;  Elioenai,  Maaseiah,  Ishmael. 
Nethaneel,  Jozabad,  and  Elasah.  ~^  Also  of  the  Levites  ;  Jozabad,  and 
Shimei,  and  Kelaiah,  (the  same  is  KeUta,)  Pethahiah,  Judah.  and 
EUezer.  '^*  Of  the  singers  also  ;  Eliashib  :  and  of  the  porters  ;  Shallum, 
and  Telem,  and  Uri.  -^Moreover  of  Israel:  of  the  sons  of  Parosh  ; 
Ramiah,  and  Jeziah,  and  Malchiah,  and  Miamin,  and  Eleazar,  and 
Malchijah,  and  Bcnaiah.  ^^  And  of  the  sons  of  Elam  ;  Mattaniah, 
Zechariah,  and  Jehiel,  and  Abdi,  and  Jeremoth,  and  Eliah.  -' And  of 
the  sons  of  Zattu  ;  Elioenai,  Eliashib,  Mattaniah,  and  Jeremoth,  and 
Zabad,  and  Aziza.  -'^  Of  the  sons  also  of  Bebai ;  Jehohanan,  Hanani- 
ah,  Zabbai,  and  Athlai.  -^  And  of  the  sons  of  Bani ;  Meshullam,  Mal- 
luch,  and  Adaiah,  Jashub,  and  Sheal,  and  Ramoth.  ^oAnd  of  the 
sons  of  Pahath-moab  ;  Adna,  and  Chelal,  Benaiah,  Maaseiah,  Mattani- 
ah. Bezaleel,  and  Binnui,  and  Manasseh.  ^^  And  of  the  sons  of  Harim  ; 
Eliezer,  Ishijah,  Malchiah,  Shemaiah,  Shimeon,  3- Benjamin,  Malluch, 
and  Shemariah.  ='^  Of  the  sons  of  Hashum  ;  Mattenai,  Mattathah, 
Zabad,  Eliphelet,  Jeremai,  Manasseh,  and  Shimei.  ^^  Of  the  sons  of 
Bani;  Maadai,  Amram,  and  Uel,  ^^ Benaiah,  Bedeiah,  Chelluh, 
36Vaniah,  Meremoth,  Eliashib,  ^^  Mattaniah,  Mattenai,  and  Jaasau, 
38  and  Bani,  and  Binnui,  Shimei,  ^^  and  Sheleniiah,  and  Nathan,  and 
Adaiah,  ^"^  fMachnadebai,  Shashai,  Sharai,  '*'  Azareel,  and  Shelemiah, 
Shemariah,  ^^  Shallum,  Amariah,  and  Joseph.  "^^  Of  the  sons  of  Nebo  ; 
Jeiel,  Mattithiah,  Zabad,  Zebina,  Jadau,  and  Joel,  Benaiah.  ''^  All  these 
had  taken  strange  wives  :  and  some  of  them  had  wives  by  whom  they 
had  children. 


A.  M.   3.->47. 
B.  C.  457. 


a  That  is,  shall 
fill!  and  rest  on 
the  land  of  Ha- 
drach  (probably 
Coslo-Syria)  and 
D^imascus  ; 
which  was  ful- 
filled when 
Alexander  the 
Great  seized  the 
immense  treas- 
ures in  the  lat- 
ter city. — Ed. 


Section  VII. — Concluding  Prophecies  of  Zechariah.^^^ 

Zechariah  ix.ioxiv. 

God  defendeth  his  CImrcli.  9  Zion  is  exhoHed  to  rejoice  for  the  coming  of  Christ,  and  his  peacea- 
ble kingdom.  12  God's  promises  of  victory  and  'defence.  —  Chap.  x.  1  God  is  to  be  sought  imto, 
and  not  idols.  5  As  he  visited  his  Jlock  for  sin,  so  he  will  «are  and  restore  them.  —  Chap.  xi. 
1  The  destruction  of  Jemsalem.  3  The  elect  bein^  cared  for,  the  rest  are  rejected.  10  The  staves 
of  Beaut]!  and  Bands  broken  by  the  rejection  of  Christ.  15  The  type  and  curse  of  a  foolish  shep- 
lierd.  —  Chap.  xii.  1  Jerusalem  a  cup  of  trembling  to  herself,  3  atid  a  burdensome  stone  to  her  ad- 
versaries. 6  The  victorious  restoring  of  Judah.  9  The  repentance  of  Jerusalem.  —  Chap.  xiii. 
1  The  fountain  of  purgation  for  Jerusalem,  1  from  idolatry,  and  false  prophecy.  7  The  death  of 
Christ,  and  the  trial  of  a  third  part.  —  Chap.  xir.  1  The  destroyers  of  Jerusalem  destroyed. 
4  The  coming  of  Christ,  and  the  graces  of  his  kingdom.  12  The  plague  of  Jerusalem's  enemies. 
IG  The  remnant  shall  turn  to  the  Lord,  20  and  their  spoils  shall  be  holy. 

^  The  burden  of  the  word  of  the  Lord  "in  the  land  of  Hadrach, 
And  Damascus  shall  be  the  rest  thereof: 


(2«)  There  is  less  certainty  with  respect  to  the 
probable  date  and  place  of  these  latter  chapters  of 
Zechariah,  than  of  any  other  chapters  in  the  Old 
Testament.  An  expression  quoted  by  St.  Matthew 
(chap,  xxvii.  9,  10),  from  Zechariah,  is  attributed 
by  that  Evangelist  to  Jeremiah.  The  learned 
Joseph  Mede,  Dr.  Hammond,  Bishop  Kidder,  and 
some  others,  assign  these  chapters  to  this  latter  pro- 
phet. In  support  of  this  opinion,  the  former  uses 
the  following  arguments.  Mede's  Works,  p.  786-8:33. 

1.  "  If  the  contents  of  the  prophecy  be  weighed, 
they  would  in  all  likelihood  be  of  an  elder  date 
than  the  time  of  Zechariah,  namely,  before  the 
captivity  :  for  the  subjects  of  them  were  scarce  in 
being  after  that  time. 

2.  "  The  chapter  out  of  which  St.  Matthew  quotes 
may  seem  to  have  somewhat  much  unsuitable  with 
Zechariah's  time  ;  as,  a  prophecy  of  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  temple,  then,  when  he  was  to  encourage 
them  to  build  it :  and  how  does  the  sixth  verso  of 
that  chapter  suit  with  his  time  .' 

3.  '■  No  Scripture  sailh  they  are  Zechariah's  ;  but 
there  is  Scripture  which  sailh  they  are  Jeremiah's. 

4.  "  Their  being  united  to  the  other  prophecies 
of  Zechariah  no  more  prove  them  to  be  bis,  than 
the  adjoining  of  Agur's  proverbs  to  Solomon's, 
proves  they  are  therefore  Solomon's,  or  that  all  the 


Psalms  are  David's  because  joined  in  one  volume 
with  D.ivid's  Psalms. 

5.  Several  verbal  criticisms  on  the  words  used 
by  St.  Matthew,  when  compared  with  those  used 
by  Zechariah  ;  wliich  prove  only  that  the  Evan- 
gelist quoted  according  to  the  sense,  and  not  the 
precise  phrases  of  tlie  prophet.  (Compare  Matt, 
xxvii.  !),  10,  with  Zech.  xi.  12,  13,  Archbp.  New- 
come's  translation.)" 

The  above  are  selected  from  observations  on 
several  other  passages  of  Scripture,  in  Epistle  xxxi. 
In  Epistle  Ixi.  he  resumes  the  subject. 

G.  "  The  titles  at  the  head  of  the  pages  (in  the  He- 
brew Bibles  or  manuscripts)  matter  not.  The  Jews 
wrote  in  rolls,  or  volumes,  and  the  title  was  but 
once.  If  aught  were  added  to  that  roll,  of  .timilitu- 
dinem  nrguwenti,  or  for  any  other  reason,  it  had  a 
new  title,  as  that  of  Agur,  or  perhaps  sometimes 
none,  but  was  «ronri'oi-. 

7.  "  That  which  I  fancy  or  conceive  is.  that  those 
prophecies  against  Damascus  and  the  Pliilistlnes 
(chap,  ix.)  would  better  befit  Jeremiah's  time,  of 
their  destruction  by  Nebuchadnezzar,  than  (if  of 
Zechariah's  time)  bv  Alexander.  See  the  prophecy 
against  Damascus  (Jer.  xlix.  23);  against  the  Phi- 
listines, (chap,  xlvii.  2.  and  Ezek.  xxv.  15.)  For 
where  do  we  find  Damascus  destroyed  from  Zech- 


Part  II] 


CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH. 


1127 


When  the  eyes  of  man,  as  of  all  the  tribes  of  Israel, 
Shall  be  toward  the  Lord. 
^  And  Hamath  also  shall  border  thereby  ; 
Tyrus,  and  Zidon,  though  it  be  very  wise. 


ariah's  to  our  Saviour's  time  ?  For  to  come  under 
the  hands  of  new  masters,  or  to  suffer  some  direp- 
tion,  or  pillaging,  doth  not  seem  to  satisfy  the  intent 
of  the  prophecy.  And  for  the  Philistines,  though 
it  be  true  that  Alexander  destroyed  Gaza,  yet  it  ap- 
pears not  that  any  such  desolation  befel  Ashkelon, 
whereby  it  should  not  be  inhabited  :  nor  should  they 
seem  in  Zechariah's  time  to  have  so  well  recovered 
their  destruction  by  Nebuchadnezzar,  as  to  be  a 
subject  for  a  new  prophecy  to  that  purpose. 

8.  "  Tyre  had  but  lately  been  destroyed  by 
Nebuchadnezzar.  The  prophecy  against  this  city, 
therefore,  would  be  more  suitable  to  the  times  of 
Jeremiah. 

9.  "  That  which  moves  me  more  than  all  the  rest 
is  in  chap.  xi.  (whence  that  in  the  Gospel  is  quoted) 
which  contains  a  prophecy  of  the  destruction  of 
Jerusalem,  and  a  description  of  the  wickedness  of 
its  inhabitants,  for  which  God  would  give  them  to 
the  sicord,  and  have  no  more  pity  upon  them.  It  is  ex- 
pounded of  the  destruction  by  Titus;  but  methinks 
such  a  prophecy  was  not  seasonable  for  Zechariah's 
time  (when  the  city  in  great  part  lay  in  ruins,  and 
tlie  temple  had  not  yet  recovered  herself),  nor 
agreeable  to  the  scope  of  Zechariah's  commission, 
who,  together  with  his  colleague  Haggai,  was  sent 
to  encourage  the  people  lately  returned  from  the 
captivity  to  build  the  temple,  and  instaurate  their 
commonwealth.  Was  this  a  fit  time  to  foretell  the 
destruction  of  both,  while  they  were  yet  but  build- 
ing? and  by  Zechariah  too,  who  was  to  encourage 
them  ?  Would  not  this  better  befit  the  desolation 
by  Nebuchadnezzar  ? 

10.  "Jeremiah's  prophecies  are  digested  in  no 
order,  but  only  as  it  seems  they  came  to  light  in  the 
scribes'  hands,  &c. ;  and  why  may  not  some  be 
found  till  the  return  from  the  captivity,  and  be  ap- 
proved by  Zechariah,  and  be  added  to  his  volume, 
according  to  the  time  of  their  finding,  and  appro- 
bation by  him  :  and  after  that,  some  other  prophe- 
cies of  his  ?  " 

The  argument  for  assigning  the  prophecy  to  the 
time  of  Jeremiah,  derived  from  the  text  of  St. 
Matthew,  is  of  the  greatest  weight.  Yet  it  must 
be  observed,  that  the  word  ' Tfotuiov  does  not  ap- 
pear to  have  been  the  original  reading  of  St.  Mat- 
thew. It  might  either  have  been  a  marginal  anno- 
tation, which  afterwards  crept  into  the  text,  or  if 
the  name  of  the  prophet  Zechariah  had  been  writ- 
ten by  St.  Matthew,  and  was  preserved  in  the 
manuscripts  in  an  abbreviated  form,  that  abbrevia- 
tion may  have  been  mistaken.  The  Syriac  and 
Persic  versions  omit  the  name.  Augustine  De 
Cons.  Ev.  3.  7,  (quoted  by  Archbp.  Newcome)  says, 
"  Primo  noverit  non  omnes  codices  evangeliorum 
habere,  quod  per  Hieremiam,  dictum  sit,  sed  tan- 
tummodo  '  per  prophetam.'  "  Griesbacli  prefixes 
to  the  word  '  Jtofu'iov  his  mark,  that  it  should  prop- 
erly be  omitted.  Lightfoot  {Harmony  of  the  JV.  T.) 
observes,  that  in  the  old  Bibles,  Jeremiah  was 
placed  next  after  the  Book  of  Kings,  and  stood  first 
in  the  volume  of  the  prophets.  So  that  when  Mat- 
thew quotes  a  text  of  Zechariah,  under  the  name 
of  Jeremiah,  he  does  but  cite  a  text  out  of  the  vol- 
ume of  the  prophets  under  his  name  that  stood 
first  in  that  volume.  In  confirmation  of  this  hy- 
pothesis, he  refers  to  Matt.  xvi.  14,  observing,  that  in 
the  saying  Jeremiah,  or  one  of  the  prophets,  there 
is  the  same  reason  why  Jeremiah  is  mentioned  by 
name;  because  his  name  stood  first  in  the  volume 
of  the  ])rophets,  and  so  occurred  first  to  the  mind, 
when  any  of  the  people  spoke  familiarly  of  the 
prophets. 

We  learn  from  Zechariah  ii.  4,  that,  at  the  com- 


mencement of  his  prophesying,  in  the  second  year 
of  Darius,  he  was  a  very  young  man.  The  same 
word  being  used  in  Jeremiah  i.  (i,  and  is  rendered 
in  the  authorized  translation  "  a  child."  He  would 
not  be,  therefore,  more  than  eighty  years  old  when 
Ezra  went  up  from  Babylon  to  Jerusalem.  And  as 
we  have  already  seen  that  the  Spirit  of  God  was 
frequently  poured  upon  his  servants  on  the  occur- 
rence of  any  important  occasion,  it  is  not  unrea- 
sonable to  suppose,  as  there  is  no  date  assigned  to 
these  chapters,  and  as  they  have  been  attributed  to 
Zechariah  both  by  Ezra  and  the  great  Sanhedrin, 
that  they  were  uttered  by  him  during  the  govern- 
ment of  Ezra.  The  evident  difference  of  style 
observable  in  these  latter  chapters  of  Zechariah, 
when  compared  with  those  that  precede  them,  and 
the  great  resemblance  the  former  bear  to  the  style 
of  Jeremiah,  may  be  accounted  for  on  the  supposi- 
tion, that  his  first  prophecies  were  delivered  when 
he  was  quite  a  young  man,  "  a  child  ; "  and  that 
his  last  were  given  probably  after  a  particular  atten- 
tion and  study  of  the  prophecies  of  Jeremiah,  by 
which  his  own  expressions  were  strengthened,  and 
his  language  improved. 

This  theory  perhaps  may  be  considered  as  th& 
best  solution  to  the  difficulty  ;  it  is,  however,-reject 
ed  by  Whitby,  who  seems  to  incline  to  the  opinion 
of  the  learned  Joseph  Mede.  Though  it  may  ap- 
pear presumptuous  to  submit  to  the  world  an  oppo- 
site opinion  to  that  which  has  been  defended  by 
one  so  eminent,  yet  I  feel  that  it  would  be  still  more 
so  to  adopt  so  considerable  an  alteration,  without 
still  more  powerful  and  convincing  evidence.  It 
will  be  only  necessary,  therefore,  to  state  those 
arguments  which  seem  to  oppose  the  hypothesis 
maintained  by  Mr.  Mede. 

1.  The  first  merely  states  the  proposition  to  be 
proved. 

2.  It  cannot  be  proved  that  Zechariah  wrote  this 
chapter  at  the  exact  time  when  he  was  encouraging 
the  people  to  build  the  temple.  The  sixth  verse 
may  justly  be  interpreted  as  a  prophecy  of  the  de- 
struction of  the  temple  by  Titus. 

3.  That  these  chapters  have  been  uniformly, 
without  one  exception,  in  one  version  or  MS.  been 
given  to  Zechariah,  is  more  ample  proof  that  they 
were  written  by  that  prophet,  than  the  disputed  in- 
sertion of  the  word  "  Jeremiah  "  in  Matt,  xxvii.  10, 

4.  Agur's  name  is  prefixed  to  his  proverbs  :  other 
names  than  David's  are  prefixed  to  various  Psalms, 
By  the  same  analogy  we  are  fiiirly  warranted  in 
concluding,  that  if  these  chapters  had  been  written 
by  Jeremiah,  his  name  likewise  would  have  been 
prefixed  to  them  either  by  Zechariah,  by  Ezra,  or 
by  the  great  Sanhedrin. 

5.  The  fifth  objection  has  been  already  answered 
in  a  former  part  of  the  note. 

G.  As  there  is  no  new  title  given  to  these  latter 
chapters,  we  may  justly  conclude  they  were  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  former  prophecies  of  Zechariah. 

7.  Damascus  was  betrayed  into  the  hands  of  Par- 
menio,  one  of  Alexander's  generals,  though  without 
bloodshed,  and  it  ceased  to  bo  a  place  of  importance. 
This  was  sufficient  to  fulfil  the  prophecy.  It  is  not 
asserted  that  Damascus  should  be  pillaged,  neither 
is  it  necessary  to  suppose  that  its  pillage  or  its  vio- 
lent capture  were  essential  to  the  accomplishment 
of  the  prediction.     (Zech.  ix.  1.) 

The  Philistines,  after  the  destruction  of  Gaza, 
never  recovered  their  former  glory  ;  and  Ashkelon 
shared  the  fate  of  the  rest  of  the  country.  The 
words,  "it  shall  not  be  inhabited."  are  figurative, 
and  express  onlv  extensive  desolation,  and  total 
political  ruin.     Thus  Ezekiel  (chap.  xxix.  ver.  11) 


1128  CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH.     [Period  VIII. 

3  And  Tyrus  did  build  herself  a  strong  hold, 

And  heaped  up  silver  as  the  dust, 

And  fine  gold  as  the  mire  of  the  streets, 
ois.  23. 1.  •*  Behold,  "the  Lord  will  cast  her  out, 

i  Ez.  26. 17.  And  he  will  smite  'her  power  in  the  sea  ; 

And  she  shall  be  devoured  with  fire. 
cJe.47. 1,5.         s  Ashkelon  'shall  see  it,  and  fear  ; 
Zep.  -2. 4.  Gaza  also  shall  see  it,  and  be  very  sorrowful  ; 

And  Ekron,  for  her  expectation  shall  be  ashamed  ; 

And  the  king  shall  perish  from  Gaza, 

And  Ashkelon  shall  not  be  inhabited. 
d  Am.  1. 8.  6  Aj^(}  .^  bastard  shall  dwell  ''in  Ashdod, 

And  I  will  cut  off  the  pride  of  the  Philistines. 
•  Heb.  bloods.        1  And  I  will  take  away  his  *blood  out  of  his  mouth. 

And  his  abominations  from  between  his  teeth  ; 

But  he  that  remaineth,  even  he,  shall  be  for  our  God, 

And  he  shall  be  as  a  governor  in  Judah, 

And  Ekron  as  a  Jebusite. 
^  And  I  will  encamp  about  my  house  because  of  the  army, 

Because  of  him  that  passeth  by. 

And  because  of  him  that  returneth  ; 
ei9. 60. 18.  E/.         And  'no  oppressor  shall  pass  through  them  any  more  : 

For  now  have  I  seen  with  mine  eyes. 
'Is.  62. 11.  Mat.  ^  Rejoice  -^greatly,  O  daughter  of  Zion  ! 

21. 5.  Jo.  12. 15.       gj^^^^^  Q  daughter  of  Jerusalem  ! 
g-je.  23. 5.  &30.       Bchold,  ^thy  King  cometh  unto  thee  ; 
19.^38.^"  ^^"  ^"'       He  is  just,  and  thaving  salvation  ; 
fOr,  saving  him-       Lowly,  and  riding  upon  an  ass, 
A*Ho.  1. 7.  &  2.         And  upon  a  colt  the  foal  of  an  ass. 
Hag^2?'^:^"'     ^°  And  I  "will  cut  off  the  chariot  from  Ephraim, 

predicts  that  Egypt  should  not  be  inhabited  forty  them  in  the  first  years  of  his  delegation  to  the  pro- 
years.  If  this  expression  be  literally  interpreted,  phetic  office ;  but  this  hypothesis  is  by  no  means 
the   prophecy  has  never  been  fulfilled  :  but  as  it  necessary. 

signifies  only   desolation  and  ruin,  it  was  accom-  10.  Though  the  prophecies  of  Jeremiah  are   un- 

plTshed  in   the  forty  years  of  calamity  which  sue-  doubtedly  "  digested  in  no  order,"  yet  they  were 

Deeded  the  invasion  of  Nebuchadnezzar.  most  probably  collected  together  by  the   priests  of 

8.  Tyre  was  taken  by  Nebuchadnezzar  in  the  the  temple.  They  were  known  to  Daniel,  for  he 
year  .573.  If  this  prophecy  was  delivered,  as  we  learned  from  them  that  the  seventy  years  of  their 
suppose,  in  the  year  4'u,  an  interval  of  IIG  years  is  captivity  had  e.x'pired.  They  were  of  course  kno\yn 
allowed  for  the  revival  of  the  Tyrian  greatness:  a  to  Ezra,  who  would  not,  when  he  edited  the  Scrip- 
space  of  time  amply  sufiicient  to  enable  a  commer-  tures,  have  referred  to  one  prophet  the  labors  of 
cial  power  to  recover  all  its  splendor  ;  particularly  another. 

when  that  power  in  its  first  overthrow  saved  all  its  It  would  be  easy  still  further  to  extend  the  argu- 

richest  eflfects,  and  enjoyed  likewise,  through  the  ment  in  favor  of  the  hypothesis  that  Zechariah  was 

whole  of  this  long  time,  an  uninterrupted  peace,  the  author  of  the  prophecies  in   question,  from  a 

The  prophecy,  however,  seems  to  refer  to  the  cap-  comparison  of  the  internal  evidence,  with  the  period 

lure   of  New   Tyre,  by  Alexander,  who   built  the  that  followed  the  commission  of  Ezra,  to  the  time 

causeway,  and  "smote    her   power   in   the    sea,"  of  Christ.     From  ver.  1-9,  in  chap,  ix   the  prophet 

(ver.  4.)  gives  a  general  outline  of  the  conquests  of  Damas- 

9.  That  the  prophecy  of  the  destruction  of  Jeru-  cus.  Tyre,  and  Sidon,  effected  by  Alexander,  and 
salem  by  Titus  should  be  delivered  at  this  time,  the  overthrow  of  the  Philistines,  the  ancient  ene- 
was  rather  to  have  been  expected.  The  only  power  mies  of  the  Church  of  God,  (ver.  9,  10.)  He  fore- 
in  the  world  that  could  have  assaulted  Jerusalem,  sees  the  entrance  of  the  true  king  of  Jerusalem, 
and  inflicted  such  disasters  upon  it.  was  Persia;  into  the  city  "  Icwly,  and  riding  upon  an  ass,  an^ 
but  Persia  was  now  a  friendly  power,  and  the  people  upon  a  colt,  the  foal  of  an  ass,"  (see  Mark  xi./, 
would  not  of  course  apply  the  prophecy  of  Zecha-  Matt.  xxi.  5,  and  John  xii.  15),  the  walls  of  which 
riah  to  Persia.  They  would  refer  it  to  another  the  people  about  liim  had  now  begun  to  rebuild  : 
period  ;  and  thus  the  jjrediction  would  answer  a  and  (ver.  13)  foretells  the  victories  of  the  Macca- 
twofold  purpose.  It  would  be  a  pledge  to  the  Jews  bees  over  the  troops  of  Antiochus,  who  was  of 
that  their  city  should  so  far  recover  as  to  be  again  Grecian  descent,  and  further  deliverances  and  suc- 
powerful  and  splendid  ;  and  it  was  a  warning  to  cesses  are  promised  to  those  that  are  converted  and 
them,  and  to  their  children,  that  tlie  new  city  should  believe.  The  tlieory  here  adopted  ^^  in  some 
share  the  fate  of  the  first,  if  they  again  rebelled  measure  warranted  by  Lightfoot  (p.  145),  who  sup- 
atrainst  the  God  who  had  bmnglit  them  back  to  poses  that  Zechariah  continued  to  prophesy  during 
their  native  country.  The  argument  of  Mede  is  the  intermediate  years  between  the  reformation  by 
founded  on  the   supposition   that  Zechariah,  if  lie  Ezra,  and  the  commission  of  Nehemiah. 

wrote  these  chapters,  must  necessarily  have  written 


Part  II.] 


CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH. 


1129 


i  Eph.  9.  14,  17. 
i  Ps.  72.  8. 


J  Or,  2Dhose  covc- 
enant  is  by  blood, 
Ex.  24.  8.  He. 
10.  29.  &  13.  20. 

A  Is.  42.  7.  &  51. 
14.  &  61.  1. 


*  Or,  the  stones  of 
the  sling. 


^  Or,  shall  fill  both 
Vie  bowls,  ^-c. 


J  Or,  grom,  or, 
speak. 


And  the  horse  from  Jerusalem, 

And  the  battle  bow  shall  be  cut  oft'; 

And  he  shall  speak  'peace  unto  the  heathen  ; 

And  his  dominion  shall  be  ^from  sea  even  to  sea, 

And  from  the  river  even  to  the  ends  of  the  earth. 
11  As  for  thee  also,  tby  the  blood  of  thy  covenant 

I  have  sent  forth  thy  ^prisoners  out  of  the  pit 

Wherein  is  no  water. 
1"  Turn  you  to  the  strong  hold,  ye  prisoners  of  hope  ! 

Even  to-day  do  I  declare  that  I  will  render  double  unto  thee ; 
^3  When  I  have  bent  Judah  for  me, 

Filled  the  bow  with  Ephraim, 

And  raised  up  thy  sons,  O  Zion  ! 

Against  thy  sons,  O  Greece  ! 

And  made  thee  as  the  sword  of  a  mighty  man. 
^^  And  the  Lord  shall  be  seen  over  them, 

And  his  arrow  shall  go  forth  as  the  lightning ; 

And  the  Lord  God  shall  blow  the  trumpet, 

And  shall  go  with  whirlwinds  of  the  south. 
1^  The  Lord  of  hosts  shall  defend  them  ; 

And  they  shall  devour,  and  subdue  *with  sling  stones ; 

And  they  shall  drink,  and  make  a  noise  as  through  wine ; 

And  they  tshall  be  filled  like  bowls, 

And  as  the  corners  of  the  altar. 
^^  And  the  Lord  their  God  shall  save  them  in  that  day 

As  the  flock  of  his  people  ; 

For  they  shall  be  as  the  stones  of  a  crown, 

Lifted  up  as  an  ensign  upon  his  land. 
''  For  how  great  is  his  goodness,  and  how  great  is  his  beauty! 

Corn  shall  make  the  young  men  Jcheerful, 

And  new  wine  the  maids. 


Ask 


of  the  Lord  'rain  in  the  time  of  the  lat-  Zechariah  x. 


*  Heb.  visited 

upon. 
TO  Lu.  1.  68. 


t  Or,  theij  shall 
■make  the  riders 
on  horsrs 
ashamed. 


ter  rain  ; 

So  the  Lord  shall  make  *bright  clouds, 

And  give  them  showers  of  rain. 

To  every  one  grass  in  the  field. 
2  For  the  +  idols  have  spoken  vanity, 

And  the  diviners  have  seen  a  lie. 

And  have  told  false  dreams,  they  comfort  in  vain  ; 

Therefore  they  went  their  way  as  a  flock. 

They  were  t troubled,  because  there  was  no  shepherd. 
^  Mine  anger  was  kindled  against  the  shepherds, 

And  I  *  punished  the  goats  ; 

For  the  Lord  of  hosts  "hath  visited  his  flock  the  house  of  Judah, 

And  hath  made  them  as  his  goodly  horse  in  the  battle. 
4  Out  of  him  came  forth  the  corner, 

Out  of  him  the  nail. 

Out  of  him  the  battle  bow. 

Out  of  him  every  oppressor  together. 
^  And  they  shall  be  as  mighty  men. 

Which  tread  down  their  enemies  in  the  mire  of  the  streets   in  the 
battle  ; 

And  they  shall  fight,  because  the  Lord  is  with  them, 

And  tthe  riders  on  horses  shall  be  confounded. 


(27)  From  ver.  1-3,  prosperity  is  still  promised  to  probable  that  this  prophecy  remains  to  be  fully  ac- 

the  Jews  ;  and  from  ver.  4,  to  the  end,  their  victo-  complished    in  the  final  restoration  of  the  Jews. — 

'•ies  over  their  enemies  are   ajain  foretold.     It  is  Home's  Critical  Introduction. 

VOL.  I.  ^142  4  (I 


1130 


CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH.     [Period  VIIL 


p  Ho.  2.  23. 
jDe.  30.  1. 


s  Is.  49.  20. 
tU.  11.  15,: 


tt  Is.  14.  25. 
i.Ez.30.  13. 


X  Or,  gallants. 


*  Or,  the  defenced 
forest. 


V  Je.  2.  3.  &  50. 


f  Heb.  make  to  be 
found. 


J  Or,  verily  the 

pin.r. 

i/7,ep.3. 12.  Mat. 
11.  n. 

♦  Or,  Binders. 

f  Heb.  wa-t  strait- 
ened for  them. 


^  And  I  will  Strengthen  the  house  of  Judah, 
And  I  will  save  the  house  of  Joseph. 
And  I  will  briiog  them  again  to  place  them ; 
For  I  have  rh^cy  upon  them  ; 

And  they  shall  be  as  though  I  had  not  cast  them  oif. 
For  I  am  the  Lord  their  God,  and  will  hear  them. 
"^  And  they  of  Ephraim  shall  be  like  a  mighty  man, 
And  their  heart  shall  rejoice  as  through  wine  : 
Yea,  their  children  shall  see  it,  and  be  glad; 
Their  heart  shall  rejoice  in  the  Lord. 
^  I  will  "hiss  for  them,  and  gather  them, 
For  I  have  redeemed  them  ; 
And  'they  shall  increase  as  they  have  increased. 
^  And  ^l  will  sow  them  among  the  people  ; 
And  they  shall  'remember  me  in  far  countries  ; 
And  they  shall  live  with  their  children,  and  turn  again. 
^^  I  ^vill  bring  them  again  also  out  of  the  land  of  Egypt, 
And  gather  them  out  of  Assyria  ; 

And  I  will  bring  them  into  the  land  of  Gilead  and  Lebanon, 
And  ^place  shall  not  be  found  for  them. 
^^  And  'he  shall  pass  through  the  sea  with  affliction, 
And  shall  smite  the  waves  in  the  sea. 
And  all  the  deeps  of  the  river  shall  dry  up ; 
And  "the  pride  of  Assyria  shall  be  brought  down. 
And  "the  sceptre  of  Egypt  shall  depart  away. 
^^  And  I  will  strengthen  them  in  the  Lord  ; 

And  they  shall  walk  up  and  down  in  his  name,  saith  the  Lord. 

^  Open  thy  doors,  O  Lebanon  !  Zechariah  li. 

That  the  fire  may  devour  thy  cedars. 
^  Howl,  fir  tree,  for  the  cedar  is  fallen  ; 
Because  the  t mighty  are  spoiled  ! 
Howl,  O  ye  oaks  of  Bashan  ! 
For  *the  forest  of  the  vintage  is  come  down  ! 
^  There  is  a  voice  of  the  howling  of  the  shepherds. 
For  their  glory  is  spoiled  ; 
A  voice  of  the  roaring  of  young  lions, 
For  the  pride  of  Jordan  is  spoiled. 
^  Thus  saith  the  Lord  my  God, 
Feed  the  flock  of  the  slaughter  ; 
^  Whose  possessors  slay  them. 
And  "hold  themselves  not  guilty  : 
And  they  that  sell  them  'say. 
Blessed  be  the  Lord,  for  I  am  rich  ; 
And  their  own  shepherds  pity  them  not. 
^  For  I  will   no  more   pity   the   inhabitants   of    the  land,  saith   the 
Lord  ; 
But,  lo  !  I  will  fdeliver  the  men  every  one 
Into  his  neighbour's  hand,  and  into  the  hand  of  his  king  ; 
And  they  shall  smite  the  land, 
And  out  of  their  hand  I  will  not  deliver  them. 

''  *And  I  will  feed  the  flock  of  slaughter,  teven  you,  "O  poor  of 
the  flock  !  And  I  took  unto  me  two  staves,  the  one  I  called  Beauty, 
and  the  other  I  called  *Bands  ;  and  I  fed  the  flock.  ^  Three  shep- 
herds also  I  cut  oft'  in  one  month  ;  and  my  soul  tloathed  them,  and 
their  soul  also  abhorred  me.  ^  Then  said  I, — 
I  will  not  feed  you  : 
That  that  dieth— let  it  die  ; 


Part  II.] 


:t  Heb.  of  his  f  el. 
low,  or,  neigh- 
bour. 


*  Or,  the  poor  of 
thefiock,  Sfc.  cer- 
tainly knew. 

1  Heb.  it  be  good 
in  your  eyes. 

2  Mat.  26. 15.  See 
Ex  21.32. 

a  Mat.  27.  9,  12. 


X  Or,  Binders. 


CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH. 


13] 


t  Or,  bear. 


b  Je.  23.  1,  Ez. 
34.  2.  Jo.  10.  12, 
13. 


silly.— £d. 


e  Nu.  16.  22.  Ec. 
12.  7.  Is.  57. 16. 
He.  12.  9. 

rfTs.51.  17,22, 
23. 

J  Or,  slumbeT,  or, 
poison. 

«  Or,  .dnd  also 
against  Judah 
shall  he  he  which 
shall  be  in  siege 
against  Jerusa- 
lem. 

c  Mat.  21.  44. 


t  Or,  There  is 
strength  to  me 
and  to  the  inhab- 
itants, ^c.  Joel 
3.  16. 

/Obab.  18. 


And  that  that  is  to  be  cut  off — let  it  be  cut  off; 

And  let  the  rest  eat  every  one  the  flesh  tof  another. 

^^  And  I  took  my  staft^,  even  Beauty,  and  cut  it  asunder,  that  I 
might  break  my  covenant  which  I  had  made  with  all  the  people.  ^^  And 
it  was  broken  in  that  day ;  and  *so  the  poor  of  the  flock  that  waited 
upon  me  knew  that  it  was  the  word  of  the  Lord.  ^^  And  I  said  unto 
them,  If  tye  think  good,  give  me  my  price  ;  and  if  not,  forbear. 
So  they  ''weighed  for  my  price  thirty  pieces  of  silver.  ^^  And  the  Lord 
said  unto  me,  Cast  it  unto  the  "potter — a  goodly  price  that  I  was 
prized  at  of  them  !  And  I  took  the  thirty  pieces  of  silver,  and  cast 
them  to  the  potter  in  the  house  of  the  Lord.'"'' 

^'^  Then  I  cut  asunder   mine   other  staft",  even  tBands,  that  I  might 
break  the  brotherhood  between  Judali  and  Israel. 

15  And   the   Lord  said  unto  me.  Take   unto  thee  yet  the  instru- 
ments of  a  foolish  shepherd. 

6  For,  lo  !  I  will  raise  up  a  shepherd  in  the  land, 

Which  shall  not  visit  those  that  be  *cut  off, 

Neither  shall  seek  the  young  one, 

Nor  heal  that  that  is  broken. 

Nor  tfeed  that  that  standeth  still ; 

But  he  shall  eat  the  flesh  of  the  fat, 

And  tear  their  claws  in  pieces. 

1^  Woe  'to  the  ^idol  shepherd  that  leaveth  the  flock ! 

The  sword  shall  be  upon  his  arm,  and  upon  his  right  eye ; 

His  arm  shall  be  clean  dried  up. 

And  his  right  eye  shall  be  utterly  darkened. 

1  The  burden  of  the  word  of  the  Lord  for  Israel,  Zech.  xii.c») 

Saith  the  Lord,  which  stretcheth  forth  the  heavens, 

And  layeth  the  foundation  of  the  earth, 

And  'formeth  the  spirit  of  man  within  him. 

2  Behold  !  I  will  make  Jerusalem  "a  cup  of  ttrembling 
Unto  all  the  people  round  about, 

*When  they  shall  be  in  the  siege 

Both  against  Judah  and  against  Jerusalem. 

3  And  in  that  day  will  I  make  Jerusalem 
A  'burdensome  stone  for  all  people ; 

All  that  burden  themselves  with  it  shall  be  cut  in  pieces, 

Though  all  the  people  of  the  earth  be  gathered  together  against  it. 
^  In  that  day,  saith  the  Lord, 

I  will  smite  every  horse  with  astonishment. 

And  his  rider  with  madness  ; 

And  I  will  open  mine  eyes  upon  the  house  of  Judah, 

And  will  smite  every  horse  of  the  people  with  blindness. 
5  And  the  governors  of  Judah  shall  say  in  their  heart, 

+The  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  shall  be  my  strength 

In  the  Lord  of  hosts  their  God. 
^  In  that  day  will  I  make  the  governors  of  Judah 

Like  ^a  hearth  of  fire  among  the  wood. 

And  like  a  torch  of  fire  in  a  sheaf ; 

And  they  shall  devour  all  the  people  round  about, 

pel.  From  ver.  1-9,  is  predicted  the  preservation 
of  Jerusalem  against  an  invasion  in  the  last  ages  of 
the  world,  which  most  commentators  think  is  that 
of  Gog  and  Magog,  more  largely  described  in  the 
thirty-eighth  and  thirty-ninth  chapters  of  Ezekiel 
From  ver.  10  to  the  end,  the  grief  of  the  Jews,  on 
their  conversion,  for  their  fathers  having  pierced 
the  Messiah  is  then  foretold.— Home's  Critical  In- 
troduction. 


(^)  This  prediction  was  literally  fulfilled  in  the 
person  of  Christ.  The  chapter  predicts  the  rejec- 
tion of  the  Jews,  for  their  rejection  of  Christ. 
Lebanon  (ver.  1)  is  supposed  to  mean  the  temple 
with  its  cedar  buildings,  the  doors  of  which,  ac- 
cording to  Joseplms,  opened  of  their  own  accord 
before  its  destruction. 

('')  This  chapter  contains  a  series  of  prophecies 
relating  principally  to  the  latter  times  of  the  Gos- 


1132 


CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH.     [Period  VHI. 


*  Or,  abject.  Heb. 
falleti. 


g  Hag.  9.  22. 


j  Ac.  2.  37. 

k  2  Ki.  23.  29. 

2Ch.  35.  24. 
I  Mat.  24.  30. 
*  Heb.  families, 

families. 
m  2  Sa.  5. 14.  Ln. 

3.31. 


n  Heb.  9.  14. 

1  Pe.  J.  19.  Re. 

1.5. 
J  Heb.  separation 

for  uncleanness. 


0  Ex.  23.  13.  Jos. 

23.  7.  Vs.  16.  4. 

Ez.  30.  13.  Ho. 

2.  17.  Mic.5.  12, 

13. 
p2Pe.  2.  1. 


o  Ue.  13.  6,  8.  & 
18.  20. 


•  Heb.  a  garment 
of  hair  lo  lie. 
2Ki.  1.8.  Is.  20. 
2.  .Mat.  3.  4. 


On  the  right  hand  and  on  the  left ; 

And  Jerusalem  shall  be  inhabited  again  in  her  own  place, 

Even  in  Jerusalem. 
■^  The  Lord  also  shall  save  the  tents  of  Judah  first, 

That  the  glory  of  the  house  of  David 

And  the  glory  of  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem 

Do  not  magnify  themselves  against  Judah. 
^  In  that  day  shall  the  Lord  defend  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem  ; 

And  he  that  is  t feeble  among  them  at  that  day  shall  be  as  David ; 

And  the  house  of  David  shall  be  as  God, 

As  the  Angel  of  the  Lord  before  them. 
^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  I  will  seek  ^to  destroy  all  the  nations 

That  come  against  Jerusalem. 
'**  And  ''I  will  pour  upon  the  house  of  David, 

And  upon  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem, 

The  spirit  of  grace  and  of  supplications  ; 

And  they  shall  'look  upon  Me  whom  they  have  pierced, 

And  they  shall  mourn  for  him. 

As  one  mourneth  for  his  only  son. 

And  shall  be  in  bitterness  for  him, 

As  one  that  is  in  bitterness  for  his  firstborn. 

^^  In  that  day  shall  there  be  a  great  ^mourning  in  Jerusalem, 

As  Hhe  mourning  of  Hadadrimmon  in  the  valley  of  Megiddon. 
1^  And  'the  land  shall  mourn,  *every  family  apart ; 

The  family  of  the  house  of  David  apart,  and  their  wives  apart ; 

The  family  of  the  house  of  "Nathan  apart,  and  their  wives  apart ; 
13  The  family  of  the  house  of  Levi  apart,  and  their  wives  apart ; 

The  family  tof  Shimei  apart,  and  their  wives  apart ; 
'''  All  the  families  that  remain, 

Every  family  apart,  and  their  wives  apart. 

1  In  that  day  there  shall  be  "a  fountain  opened  Zech.  xm.<3<') 

To  the  house  of  David  and  to  the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem 

For  sin  and  for  tuncleanness. 

2  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
That  I  will  "cut  off'  the  names  of  the  idols  out  of  the  land, 
And  they  shall  no  more  be  remembered  ; 

And  also  I  will  cause  ^the  prophets  and  the  unclean  spirit 
To  pass  out  of  the  land. 

3  And  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  when  any  shall  yet  prophesy, 
Then  his  father  and  his  mother  that  begat  him 

Shall  say  unto  him,  Thou  shalt  not  live, 

For  thou  speakest  lies  in  the  name  of  the  Lord  ; 

And  his  father  and  his  mother  that  begat  him 

Shall  'thrust  him  through  when  he  prophcsieth. 
"*  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

That  "the  prophets  shall  be  ashamed 

Every  one  of  his  vision,  when  he  hath  proi)hesied  ; 

Neither  shall  they  wear  *a  rough  garment  to  deceive : 
^  But  he  shall  say,  I  am  no  prophet,  I  am  a  husbandman  ; 

For  man  taught  me  to  keep  cattle  from  my  youth. 
^  And  one  shall  say  unto  him. 

What  are  these  wounds  in  thy  hands  ? 


(3")  This  chapter  opens  (vfT.  1)  by  predicting  the  In  ver.  7,  tlic  prophet  foreshows  the  dispersion  of 

admission  of  the  Jews  by  baptism  to  the  privileges  Christ's  discii)los,  and  the  preservation  of  a  small 

of  the  Gospel  covenant;  and  from  ver.  2-7,  their  remainder  of  his   converts,  whose  faith  should  be 

deliverance    from  the  delusions  of  false  prophets,  tried  in  affliction. — Dr.  Gray  in  loc. 


Part  II.] 


CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH. 


133 


$  la.  40.  11.  Ez. 

34.23. 
t  Jo.  10.  30.&14. 

10,  11.  Phil.  2. 

6. 
u  Mat.  26.  31. 

Ma   14.  27. 


w  Ro.  11.  5. 

X  Is.  48.  10. 


2  Ps.  144.  15.  Je. 
30.22.  Ez.  11. 
20.  Ho.  2.  23. 

a  Is.  13.  9.  Joel 
2.  31.  Ac.  2.  20. 


dSee  Ez.  11.23. 


e  Joel  3.  12,  14. 

t  Or,  my  moun- 
tains. 

X  Or,  When  he 
shall  touch  the 
valley  of  the 
mountains  to  the 
place  he  separat- 
ed. 

/Am.  1.  1. 

S  Mat.  16.  27.  & 
24.  30,  31.  &  25. 
31.  JiKle  14. 

A  Joel  3.  IJ. 

*  /.  e.  it  shall  not 
he  clear  in  some 
places,  and  dark 
ill  other  places 
of  the  world. 

t  Heb.  precious. 
X  Heb.  thickness. 

*  Or,  the  day  shall 
be.  one. 

i  Re.  22.  5. 
7  Mat.  24.  36. 
k  is.  30.  26.  & 

60.  19,  20. 
I  Ez.  47.  1.  .Toe  I 

3.  18.  Re.  22.  1. 
t  Or,  eastern.  Joel 

2.20. 
m  Da.  2.  44.  Re. 

11.  15. 
n  Eph.  4.  5,  6. 

I  Or,  compassed. 

Is.  40.  4. 


Then  he  shall  answer, 

Those  with  which  I  was  wounded  in  the  house  of  my  friends. 
''  Awake,  O  sword,  against  'my  Shepherd, 

And  against  the  man  'that  is  my  fellow,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts : 

Smite  "the  Shepherd,  and  the  sheep  shall  be  scattered ; 

And  I  will  turn  my  hand  upon  "the  little  ones. 
^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass. 

That  in  all  the  land,  saith  the  Lord, 

Two  parts  therein  shall  be  cut  off  and  die  ; 

But  ""the  third  shall  be  left  therein. 
9  And  I  will  bring  the  third  part  ""th rough  the  fire, 

And  will  '■'refine  them  as  silver  is  refined, 

And  will  try  them  as  gold  is  tried. 

They  shall  call  on  my  name,  and  I  will  hear  them  ; 

I  "will  say.  It  is  my  people  ; 

And  they  shall  say,  The  Lord  is  my  God. 

^  Behold,  "the  day  of  the  Lord  cometh,  Zech.  xiv.(si) 

And  tliy  spoil  shall  be  divided  in  the  midst  of  thee. 
2  For  ''I  will  gather  all  nations  against  Jerusalem  to  battle  ; 

And  the  city  shall  be  taken. 

And  'the  houses  rifled,  and  the  women  ravished ; 

And  half  of  the  city  shall  go  forth  into  captivity. 

And  the  residue  of  the  people  shall  not  be  cut  off"  from  the  city. 
3  Then  shall  the  Lord  go  forth, 

And  fight  against  those  nations. 

As  when  he  fought  in  the  day  of  battle. 
^  And  his  feet  shall  stand  in  that  day 

Upon  ''the  Mount  of  Olives,  which  is  before  Jerusalem  on  the  east, 

And  the  Mount  of  Olives  shall  cleave  in  the  midst  thereof 

Toward  the  east  and  toward  the  west. 

And  'there  shall  be  a  very  great  valley  ; 

And  half  of  the  mountain  shall  remove  toward  the  north. 

And  half  of  it  toward  the  south. 
5  And  ye  shall  flee  to  the  valley  of  tthe  mountains, 

tFor  the  valley  of  the  mountains  shall  reach  unto  Azal  : 

Yea,  ye  shall  flee,  like  as  ye  fled  from  before  the  ■'earthquake 

In  the  days  of  Uzziah  king  of  Judah  ; 

And  °the  Lord  my  God  shall  come. 

And  ''all  the  saints  with  thee. 
^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day, 

*That  the  light  shall  not  be  fclear,  nor  tdark. 
''  But  *it  shall  be  'one  day 

Which  ^shall  be  known  to  the  Lord, 

Not  day,  nor  night ; 

But  it  shall  come  to  pass,  that  at  ^evening  time  it  shall  be  light. 
^  And  it  shall  be  in  that  day, 

That  'living  waters  shall  go  out  from  Jerusalem ; 

Half  of  them  toward  the  tformer  sea, 

And  half  of  them  toward  the  hinder  sea : 

In  summer  and  in  winter  shall  it  be. 
^  And  the  Lord  shall  be  '"king  over  all  the  earth ; 

In  that  day  shall  there  be  "one  Lord,  and  his  name  one. 
^°  All  the  land  shall  be  tturned  as  a  plain 


(31)  In  this  chapter  is  represented  the  destruction 
of  Jerusalem  by  the  R,omans  under  Vespasian  (ver. 
1,2,)  the  subsequent  discomfiture  of  its  enemies 
(ver.  3.)  The  final  and  triumphant  establishment 
of  Christ's  righteous  kingdom  is  then  foretold,  ver. 
VOL.    I. 


8,  and  following  verse.  And  the  prophet  describes 
these  particulars  with  a  clearness  which  indicated 
the  near  approach  of  the  events  of  which  he  speaks. 
— Dr.  Gray  in  loo. 

4q* 


1134  CONCLUDING  PROPHECIES  OF  ZECHARIAH.     [Period  VIII. 

From  Geba  to  Rimmon  south  of  Jerusalem  ; 
*  Of,  shall  abide.        And  it  sliall  be  lifted  up,  and  *inhabited  in  her  place, 

From  Benjamin's  gate  unto  the   place  of  the  first  gate,  unto  the 
corner  gate, 

And  from  the  tower  of  Hananeel  unto  the  king's  wine  presses. 
^^  And  men  shall  dwell  in  it, 
oJe.3i.  40.  And  there  shall  be  °no  more  utter  destruction; 

pje.23. 6.  But  ^Jerusalem  tshall  be  safely  inhabited. 

t  Or,  sUiiaMde.  ,2  ^nd  this  shall  bc  the  plague 

Wherewith  the  Lord  will  smite  all  the  people 

That  have  fought  against  Jerusalem  ; 

Their  flesii  shall  consume  away  while  they  stand  upon  their  feet, 

And  their  eyes  shall  consume  away  in  their  holes, 

And  their  tongue  shall  consume  away  in  their  mouth. 
'^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  that  day. 

That  a  great  tumult  from  the  Lord  shall  be  among  them ; 

And  they  shall  lay  hold  every  one  on  the  hand  of  his  neighbour, 
jju.  7. 22.  2Ch.       And  'his  hand  shall  rise  up  against  the  hand  of  his  neighbour. 

20  23   Ez   38  I        o  c 

■2u    '     ■    ■     !■*  And  IJudah  also  shall  fight  *at  Jerusalem  ; 

^oji!d^h!"^iait,        ^"fi    the  wealth  of  all  the  heathen  round  about  shall  be  gathered 
^<^-  '  together, 

*rEz3r\Tn         Gold,  and  silver,  and  apparel,  in  great  abundance. 
&c.'    ■    '    '    15  And  so  shall  be  the  plague  of  the  horse. 

Of  the  mule,  of  the  camel,  and  of  the  ass, 
And  of  all  the  beasts  that  shall  be  in  these  tents, 
As  this  plague. 

^^  And  it  shall  come  to  pass, 
That  every  one  that  is  left  of  all  the  nations, 
Which  came  against  Jerusalem 
» Is.  60. 6, 7, 9.         Shall  even  'go  up  from  year  to  year 
&66. 23.  rp^  worship  the  King,  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

f  Le.  23. 34, 43.         And  to  keep  'the  feast  of  Tabernacles. 
i^^9^jo%"2.'     ^'  And  "it  shall  be,  that  whoso  will  not  come  up 
uia.  60. 12.  Of  all  the  families  of  the  earth  unto  Jerusalem 

To  worship  the  King,  the  Lord  of  hosts, 
Even  upon  them  shall  be  no  rain. 
^®  And  if  the  family  of  Egypt  go  not  up,  and  come  not, 
^Heh.uponwkom       fThat  iiavc  uo  raiu  ;  there  shall  be  the  plague, 

there  13  ;io(.   Ue.  •   i       i        t  -ii  •  i        i  i 

11. 10.  Wherewith  the  Lord  will  smite  the  heathen 

That  come  not  up  to  keep  the  feast  of  Tabernacles. 
tOr,«n.  10  This  shall  be  the  ^punishment  of  Egypt, 

\nd  the  punishment  of  all  nations. 

That  come  not  up  to  keep  the  feast  of  Tabernacles. 
*ot,  bridles.  20  jj^  ^j^^^^  Jay  shall  there  be  upon  the  *bells  of  the  horses, 

Holiness  unto  the  Lord  ; 

And  the  pots  in  the  Lord's  house 

Shall  be  like  the  bowls  before  the  altar. 
^^  Yea,  every  pot  in  Jerusalem  and  in  Judah 

Shall  be  holiness  unto  the  Lord  of  hosts ; 

And  all  they  that  sacrifice 

Shall  come  and  take  of  them, 

And  seethe  therein  ; 
V'J7\e  2r27       "^"^  "^  *^'^^^  ^^y  there  shall  be  no  more  the  "Canaanite 
&  22. 15.'        "       In  "the  house  of  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

te  Eph.  2.  19-22. 


Part  II.]  PLOT  OF  HAMAN,  AND  ITS  DEFEAT.  1135 

SECT.  VIII.       Section  VIII. — Mordecai  discovers  the  Consiriracy  against  Ai-taxerxes}'^^ 
A.  M.  3547.  Esther  ii.  21,  to  the  end. 

B.  c.  457.  21  j^  ^j^^g^  ^^yg^  while  Mordecai  sat  in  the  king's  gate,  two  of  the 

*  o,,  BiiTthana,    king's  chambcrlains,  *Bigthan  and  Teresh,  of  those  which  kept  tthe 

Est.  (i.  2.  door,  were  wroth,  and  sought  to  lay  hand  on  the  king  Ahasuerus.  ^^  And 

fH^eb.  (Ae  thresh-  ^^^^  ^'^^.^^  ^^^^  known  to  Mordccai,  who  told  it  unto  Esther  the  queen  ; 

and  Esther  certified  the  king  thereof  in  Mordecai's  name.  -^  And  when 

inquisition  was  made  of  the  matter,  it  was  found  out ;  therefore  they 

were  both  hanged  on  a  tree.     And  it  was  written  in  the  book  of  the 

chronicles  before  the  king. 

.'    ^  ■      Section   IX. — Plot  of  Hainan  for  the  Destruction  of  the  Jews,  and  its 
A.  M.  3547.  Defeat. 

'  '  ^sTHYTi  in.  to  the  end  of  the  Book. 

Haman,  advanced  by  the  king,  and  despised  by  Mordecai,  seeketh  revenge  upon  all  the  Jews.  7  He 
casleth  lots.  8  He  obtaineth  by  calumniation  a  decree  of  the  kins;  to  put  the  Jews  to  death.  —  Chap, 
iv.  1  The  great  mourning  of  Mordecai  and  the  Jews.  4  Esther,  understanding  it,  sendeth  to 
Mordecai,  loho  showeth  the  canse,  and  adviseth  her  to  undertake  the  suit.  10  She,  excusing  her- 
self, is  threatened  by  Mordecai.  15  She,  appointing  a  fast,  undertaketh  the  suit.  —  Ch<i\>.v. 
1  Esther,  adventuring  on  the  king's  favor,  obtaimth  the  grace  of  the  golden  sceptre,  and  inviteth 
the  king  and  Haman  to  a  banquet.  6  She,  being  encouraged  by  the  king  in  her  suit,  inviteth  them  to 
another  banquet  the  next  day.  9  Haman,  proud  of  his  advancement,  repineth  at  the  contempt  of 
Mordecai.  14  By  the  counsel  of  Zeresh  he  buildeih  for  him  a  gallows.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  Ahasuen/s, 
reading  in  the  chronicles  of  the  good  service  done  by  Mordecai,  taketh  care  for  his  reward.  4  Ha- 
man, coming  to  sue  that  Mordecai  might  be  hanged,  unawares  giveth  counsel  that  he  might  do  him 
honor.  12  Complaining  of  his  misfortune,  his  f-iends  tell  him  of  his  final  destiny.  —  Chap.  vii. 
1  Esther,  entertaining  the  king  ai}d  Haman,  maketh  suit  for  her  own  life  and  her  people  s. 
5  She  accuseth  Hainan.  7  Tlie  king,  in  Ids  anger,  understanding  of  the  galloivs  winch  Haman 
had  made  for  Mordecai,  causeth  him  to  be  hanged  thereon.  —  Chap.  viii.  1  Mordecai  is  advanced. 
3  Esther  maketh  suit  to  reverse  Haman's  letters.  7  Ahasuerus  granteth  to  the  Jews  to  defend 
themselves.  15  Mordecai's  honor,  and  the  Jews'  joy.  —  Chap.  ix.  1  The  Jews  slay  their 
enemies,  with  the  ten  sons  of  Haman.  12  Ahasuerus,  at  the  request  of  Esther,  granteth  another 
day  of  slaughter,  and  Haman's  .wns  to  be  hanged.  20  The  ttvo  days  of  Fiirim  are  made  fes- 
tival.—Chap.  X.  1  Ahasuerus's  greatness.     3  Mordecai's  advancement. 

^  After  these  things  did  king  Ahasuerus  promote  Haman  the  son 
aNu24.7.  isa.  of  Hammcdatlia  the  "Agagite,  and  advanced  him,  and  set  his  seat 
^^'  ^'  above  all  the  princes  that  were  with  him.  ^  And  all  the  king's  servants, 

that  were  in  the  king's  gate,  bowed,  and  reverenced  Haman :  for  the 
6  Ps.  15. 4.  king  had  so  commanded  concerning  him.     But  Mordecai  ^bowed  not, 

nor  did  him  reverence.  '^  Then  the  king's  servants,  which  were  in  the 
king's  gate,  said  unto  Mordecai,  "  Why  transgressest  thou  the  king's 
commandment?"  "iNow  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  spake  daily  unto 
him,  and  he  hearkened  not  unto  them,  that  they  told  Haman,  to  see 
whether  Mordecai's  matters  would  stand  ;  for  he  had  told  them  that  he 
was  a  Jew.  ^  And  when  Haman  saw  that  Mordecai  bowed  not,  nor  did 
him  reverence,  then  was  Haman  full  of  wrath.  ^  And  he  thought  scorn 
to  lay  hands  on  Mordecai  alone,  (for  they  had  showed  him  the  people 
of  Mordecai ;)  wherefore  Haman  sought  to  destroy  all  the  Jews  that 
were  throughout  the  whole  kingdom  of  Ahasuerus,  even  the  people  of 
Mordecai. 

■'In  the  first  month,  that  is,  the  month  Nisan,  in  the  twelfth  year 
of  king  Ahasuerus,  they  cast  Pur,  that  is,  the  .lot,  before  Haman  from 
day  to" day,  and  from  month  to  month,  to  the  twelfth  month,  that  is, 
the  month  Adar. 

s  And  Haman  said  unto  king  Ahasuerus,  "  There  is  a  certain  people 
scattered  abroad  and  dispersed  among  the  people  in  all  the  provinces 
*  Heb.  meet,  or,  of  thy  kingdom,  and  'their  laws  are  diverse  from  all  people,  neitlier 
e^uai  for  the  king  j^^^^  they  Uic  kiug's  laws  ;  therefore  it  is  not  *for  the  king's  profit  to 
^Lh.  to  destroy  suffcr  them.  9  If  it  please  the  king,  let  it  be  written  tthat  they  may  be 
/nTb'.  wei.h.      destroyed ;  and  I  will  tpay  ten  thousand  talents  of  silver  to  the  hands 

(32)  The  discovery,  by  Mordecai,  of  the  plot  against  the  life  of  Artaxerxes,  is  supposed  by  Prideaux  to 
have  taken  place  about  this  year. 


1136 


PLOT  OF  HAMAN,  AND  ITS  DEFEAT.        [Period  VIIT 


d  Ge.  41.  4-3. 
*  Or,  oppressor. 


t  Or,  secretaries. 


/Pr.  29.  2. 


^2Sa.  1.11. 
h  Jos.  7.  6.  Ez 
27.  30. 
I  Ge.  27.  34. 


J  Heb.  sackcloth 
and  ashes  were 
laid  under  many. 
Is.  58.  5.  Da.  9. 


of  those  that  have  the  charge  of  the  business,  to  bring  it  into  the  king's 
treasuries."  ^^  And  the  king  ''took  his  ring  from  his  hand,  and  gave  it 
unto  Haman  the  son  of  Hammedatha  the  Agagite,  the  Jews'  *enemy. 
^^And  the  king  said  unto  Haman,  "The  silver  is  given  to  thee,  the 
people  also,  to  do  with  them  as  it  seemeth  good  to  thee.  "  ^^  Then  were 
the  king's  tscribes  called  on  the  thirteenth  day  of  the  first  month,  and 
there  was  written  according  to  all  that  Haman  had  commanded  unto 
the  king's  lieutenants,  and  to  the  governors  that  were  over  every  prov- 
ince, and  to  the  rulers  of  every  people  of  every  province  according  to 
the  writing  thereof,  and  to  every  people  after  their  language  ;  in  the 
name  of  king  Ahasuerus  was  it  written,  and  sealed  with  the  king's 
ring.  ^^  And  the  letters  were  sent  by  posts  into  all  the  king's  provinces,'^^' 
to  destroy,  to  kill,  and  to  cause  to  perish,  all  Jews,  both  young  and  old, 
little  children  and  women,  in  one  day,  even  upon  'the  thirteenth  day 
of  the  twelfth  month,  which  is  the  month  Adar,  and  to  take  the  spoil 
of  them  for  a  prey.  ^^  The  copy  of  the  writing  for  a  commandment  to 
be  given  in  every  province  was  published  unto  all  people,  that  they 
should  be  ready  against  that  day.  ^^  The  posts  went  out,  being  hastened 
by  the  king's  commandment,  and  the  decree  was  given  in  Shushan 
the  palace.  And  the  king  and  Haman  sat  down  to  drink  ;  but  -^the 
city  Shushan  was  perplexed. 

^  When  Mordecai  perceived  all  that  was  done,  Mordecai  Esther  iv. 
^rent  his  clothes,  and  put  on  sackcloth  ''with  ashes,  and 
went  out  into  the  midst  of  the  city,  and  'cried  with  a  loud  and  a  bitter 
cry  ;  '-^and  came  even  before  the  king's  gate  ;  for  none  might  enter  into 
the  king's  gate  clothed  with  sackcloth.  ^And  in  every  province,  whith- 
ersoever the  king's  commandment  and  his  decree  came,  there  was 
great  mourning  among  the  Jews,  and  fasting,  and  weeping,  and  wail- 
ing ;  and  tmany  lay  in  sackcloth  and  ashes. 

^  So  Esther's  maids  and  her  ^chamberlains  came  and  told  it  her. 
Then  was  the  queen  exceedingly  grieved  ;  and  she  sent  raiment  to 
clothe  Mordecai,  and  to  take  away  his  sackcloth  from  him,  but  he  re- 
ceived it  not.  ^Then  called  Esther  for  Hatach,  one  of  the  king's 
chamberlains,  whom  he  had  tappointed  to  attend  upon  her,  and  gave 
him  a  commandment  to  Mordecai,  to  know  what  it  was,  and  why  it  was, 
^  So  Hatach  went  forth  to  Mordecai  unto  the  street  of  the  city,  which 
was  before  the  king's  gate.  ''And  Mordecai  told  him  of  all  that  had 
happened  unto  him,  and  of  the  sum  of  the  money  that  Haman  had 
promised  to  pay  to  the  king's  treasuries  for  the  Jews,  to  destroy  them. 
^  Also  he  gave  him  the  copy  of  tlie  writing  of  the  decree  that  was 
given  at  Shushan  to  destroy  them,  to  show  it  unto  Esther,  and  to  de- 
clare it  unto  her,  and  to  charge  her  that  she  should  go  in  unto  the  king, 
to  make  supplication  unto  him,  and  to  make  request  before  him  for 
her  people.  ^  And  Hatach  came  and  told  Esther  the  words  of  Mordecai. 

^^  Again  Esther  spake  unto  Hatach,  and  gave  him  commandment 
unto  Mordecai,  ^^  "  All  the  king's  servants,  and  the  people  of  the  king's 
provinces,  do  know,  that  whosoever,  whether  man  or  woman,  shall 
come  unto  the  king  into  the  inner  court,  who  is  not  called,  •'there  is 
one  law  of  his  to  put  him  to  death,  except  such  to  whom  the  king 
shall  hold  out  the  golden  sceptre,  that  he  may  live  ;  but  I  have  not 


(33)  The  extent  of  the  danger  to  which  the  Jews 
were  exposed  by  the  malice  of  Haman  may  be 
better  understood  from  considering  that  the  plot  was 
laid  against  the  whole  nation,  who  were  all  to  be 
found  at  this  time  within  the  boundaries  of  the 
Persian  empire.  Judipa  itself  was  only  one  of  the 
provinces  of  Persia.  In  the  subsequent  persecu- 
tions of  the  Jews,  on  being  harassed  by  one  mon- 
arch or  governmont,  th^y  were  .always  able  to  take 


refuge  in  the  territories  of  another  :  but  at  this 
period  of  their  history  it  was  impossible  for  them 
to  escape  from  the  universal  power  of  the  Persians, 
(compare  chap.  iii.  i:5,  14.  vii.  9.)  If  the  design  of 
Haman,  therefore,  had  not  been  frustrated  by  the 
overruling  providence  of  Gnd,  no  human  means 
could  have  saved  the  visible  Church  from  de- 
struction. 


Part  IL] 


PLOT  OF  HAMAN,  AND  ITS  DEFEAT. 


137 


X  Heb.  respira- 
tion. Job  9.  18. 


Heb.  found. 


k  See  Ge.  43.  14. 
f  Het>.  passed. 


m  So  Ma.  6.  23. 


X  Heb.  to  do. 


n  So  2  Sa.  13.  22. 
*  Heb.  caused  to 


t  Heb.  tree. 


I  Heb.  tke  kin^^ 
sleep  fled  away. 
Da.  2.  1.  &  6. 


been  called  to  come  in  unto  the  king  these  thirty  days."  ^-And  they 
told  to  Moidecai  Esther's  words.  '^  Then  Mordecai  commanded  to 
answer  Esther,  "  Think  not  with  thyself  that  thou  shalt  escape  in  the 
king's  house,  more  than  all  the  Jews.  ^'*  For  if  thou  altogether  holdest 
thy  peace  at  this  time,  then  shall  there  tenlargement  and  deliverance 
arise  to  the  Jews  from  another  place  ;  but  thou  and  thy  father's  house 
shall  be  destroyed  ;  and  who  knoweth  whether  thou  art  come  to  the 
kingdom  for  such  a  time  as  this  ?  " 

^^  Then  Esther  bade  them  return  Mordecai  this  answer,  ^^  "  Go, 
gather  together  all  the  Jews  that  are  *present  in  Shushan,  and  fast  ye 
for  me,  and  neither  eat  nor  drink  three  days,  night  or  day.  I  also 
and  my  maidens  will  fast  likewise  ;  and  so  will  I  go  in  unto  the  king, 
(which  is  not  according  to  the  law  ;)  *and  if  I  perish,  I  perish  !  "  ^"^  So 
Mordecai  fwent  his  way,  and  did  according  to  all  that  Esther  had 
commanded  him. 

^  Now  it  came  to  pass  on  the  third  day,  that  Esther  put  Esther  v. 
on  her  royal  apparel,  and  stood  in  the  inner  court  of  the 
king's  house,  over  against  the  king's  house  ;  and  the  king  sat  upon 
his  royal  throne  in  the  royal  house,  over  against  the  gate  of  the  house, 
^  And  it  was  so,  when  the  king  saw  Esther  the  queen  standing  in  the 
court,  that  'she  obtained  favor  in  his  sight ;  and  the  king  held  out  to 
Esther  the  golden  sceptre  that  was  in  his  hand.  So  Esther  drew  near, 
and  touched  the  top  of  the  sceptre.  ^  Then  said  the  king  unto  her, 
"What  wilt  thou,  queen  Esther?  and  what  is  thy  request?  '"it  shall 
be  even  given  thee  to  the  half  of  the  kingdom."  '*  And  Esther  an- 
swered, "If  it  seem  good  unto  the  king,  let  the  king  and  Haman 
come  this  day  unto  the  banquet  that  I  have  prepared  for  him."  ^  Then 
the  king  said,  "  Cause  Haman  to  make  haste,  that  he  may  do  as  Esther 
hath  said."  So  the  king  and  Haman  came  to  the  banquet  that  Esther 
had  prepared. 

6  And  the  king  said  unto  Esther  at  the  banquet  of  wine,  "  What  is 
thy  petition  ?  and  it  shall  be  granted  thee  ;  and  what  is  thy  request  ? 
even  to  the  half  of  the  kingdom  it  shall  be  performed."  '  Then  an- 
swered Esther,  and  said,  "  My  petition  and  my  request  is,  ^  if  I  have 
found  favor  in  the  sight  of  the  king,  and  if  it  please  the  king  to  grant 
my  petition,  and  Ito  perform  my  request,  let  the  king  and  Haman 
come  to  the  banquet  that  I  shall  prepare  for  them,  and  I  will  do  to- 
morrow as  the  king  hath  said." 

^  Then  went  Haman  forth  that  day  joyful  and  with  a  glad  heart ; 
but  when  Haman  saw  Mordecai  in  the  king's  gate,  that  he  stood  not 
up,  nor  moved  for  him,  he  was  full  of  indignation  against  Mordecai. 
^^  Nevertheless  Haman  "refrained  himself ;  and  when  he  came  home, 
he  sent  and  *called  for  his  friends,  and  Zeresh  his  wife.  ^^  And  Haman 
told  them  of  the  glory  of  his  riches,  and  the  multitude  of  his  children, 
and  all  the  things  wherein  the  king  had  promoted  him,  and  how  he 
had  advanced  him  above  the  princes  and  servants  of  the  king.  '-  Haman 
said  moreover,  "  Yea,  Esther  the  queen  did  let  no  man  come  in  with 
the  king  unto  the  banquet  that  she  had  prepared  but  myself;  and  to- 
morrow am  I  invited  unto  her  also  with  the  king.  ^^  Yet  all  this  availeth 
me  nothing,  so  long  as  I  see  Mordecai  the  Jew  sitting  at  the  king's 
gate." 

^'^  Then  said  Zeresh  his  wife  and  all  his  friends  unto  him,  "  Let  a 
tgallows  be  made  of  fifty  cubits  high,  and  to-morrow  speak  thou  unto 
the  king  that  Mordecai  may  be  hanged  thereon  ;  then  go  thou  in  mer- 
rily with  the  king  unto  the  banquet."  And  the  thing  pleased  Haman, 
and  he  caused  tlie  gallows  to  be  made. 

^  On   that   night    tcould    not   the    kinar   sleep,   and   he       Esther  vi. 
143 


1138 


PLOT  OF  HAMAN,  AND  ITS  DEFEAT.        [Period  VIIL 


a  These  chroni- 
cles were  writ- 
ten in  verse,  and 
the  king's  curios- 
ity, no  doubt, 
would  be  first  di- 
rected to  see  how 
the  Poet-Chron- 
iclers h:id  exe- 
cuted the  history 
of  his  own  reign. 
—Ed. 

*  Or,  Biaihan. 
Est.  2.  21. 

t  Heb.  threshold. 


J  Heb.  m  7cAoje 
honor  the  king 
ddighteth. 

*  Heb.  in  whose 
honor  the  king 
dehghleth. 

f  Hell,  let  thrni 
bring  the  royal 
apparel  where- 
with the  king 
clotheth  himself. 

0  1  Ki.  I.  33. 

J  Heb.  caase  him 
to  ride. 
p  Ge.  41.  43. 


*  Heb.  suffer  not 
a  whit  to  fall. 


5  2  Ch.  26.  20. 


r2Sa.  15.  30.  Je. 
14.  3,  4. 


t  Heb.  to  drink. 


X  Heb.  thnt  they 
should  destroy, 
and  kill,  and 
cause  to  perish. 


*  Heb.  whd.ie 
heart  hath  filled 
him. 

t  Heb.  The  man 
adversary. 

X  Or,  lit  the  pres- 
ence of. 


commanded  to  bring  the  Book  of  Records  of  the  Chronicles  ;"*  and 
they  were  read  before  the  king.  -  And  it  was  found  written,  that 
Mordecai  had  told  of  *Bigthana  and  Teresh,  two  of  the  king's  cham- 
berlains, the  keepers  of  the  fdoor,  who  sought  to  lay  hand  on  the  king 
Ahasuerus.  ^  And  the  king  said,  "  What  honor  and  dignity  hath  been 
done  to  Mordecai  for  this  ?  "  Then  said  the  king's  servants  that  min- 
istered unto  him,  "  There  is  nothing  done  for  him." 

'^  And  the  king  said,  "Who  is  in  the  court?"  Now  Haman  was 
come  into  the  outward  court  of  the  king's  house,  to  speak  unto  the 
king  to  hang  Mordecai  on  the  gallows  that  he  had  prepared  for  him. 
^  And  the  king's  servants  said  unto  him,  "  Behold,  Haman  standeth  in 
the  court."  And  the  king  said,  "Let  him  come  in."  ^  So  Haman 
came  in.  And  the  king  said  unto  liim,  "  What  shall  be  done  unto 
the  man  twhom  the  king  delighteth  to  honor  ?  "  Now  Haman  thought 
in  his  heart,  "  To  whom  would  the  king  delight  to  do  honor  more  than 
to  myself?  "  '''  And  Haman  answered  the  king,  "  For  the  man  *whom 
the  king  delighteth  to  honor,  ^  tlet  the  royal  apparel  be  brought  which 
the  king  useth  to  wear,  and  "the  horse  that  the  king  rideth  upon,  and 
the  crown  royal  which  is  set  upon  his  head.  ^  And  let  this  apparel  and 
horse  be  delivered  to  the  hand  of  one  of  the  king's  most  noble  princes, 
that  they  may  array  the  man  withal  whom  the  king  delighteth  to  honor, 
and  tbring  him  on  horseback  through  the  street  of  the  city,  ^and  pro- 
claim before  him.  Thus  shall  it  be  done  to  the  man  whom  the  king 
delighteth  to  honor."  ^°  Then  the  king  said  to  Haman,  "Make  haste, 
and  take  the  apparel  and  the  horse,  as  thou  hast  said,  and  do  even  so 
to  Mordecai  the  Jew,  that  sitteth  at  the  king's  gate  ;  *}et  nothing  fail 
of  all  that  thou  hast  spoken."  ^^  Then  took  Haman  the  apparel  and 
the  horse,  and  arrayed  Mordecai,  and  brought  him  on  horseback 
through  the  street  of  the  city,  and  proclaimed  before  him,  "  Thus  shall 
it  be  done  unto  the  man  whom  the  king  delighteth  to  honor." 

1-  And  Mordecai  came  again  to  the  king's  gate.  But  Haman  'hasted 
to  his  house  mourning,  'and  having  his  head  covered.  ^^And  Haman 
told  Zeresh  his  wife  and  all  his  friends  every  thing  that  had  befallen 
him.  Then  said  his  wise  men  and  Zeresh  his  wife  unto  him,  "  If 
Mordecai  be  of  the  seed  of  the  Jews,  before  whom  thou  hast  begun  to 
fall,  thou  shalt  not  prevail  against  him,  but  shalt  surely  fall  before  him." 
i^And  while  they  were  yet  talking  with  him,  came  the  king's  cham- 
berlains, and  hasted  to  bring  Haman  unto  the  banquet  that  Esther  had 
prepared. 

^  So  the  king  and  Haman  came  tto  banquet  with  Esther  Esther  vii. 
the  queen.  -And  the  king  said  again  to  Esther  on  the 
second  day  at  the  banquet  of  wine,  "  What  is  thy  petition,  queen 
Esther  ?  and  it  shall  be  granted  thee  ;  and  what  is  thy  request  ?  and 
it  shall  be  performed,  even  to  the  half  of  the  kingdom."  ^Then  Esther 
the  queen  answered  and  said,  "  If  I  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight,  O 
king,  and  if  it  please  the  king,  let  my  life  be  given  me  at  my  petition, 
and  my  people  at  my  request ;  ■*  for  we  are  sold,  I  and  my  people,  tto 
be  destroyed,  to  be  slain,  and  to  perish.  But  if  we  had  been  sold  foi 
bondmen  and  bondwomen,  I  had  held  my  tongue,  although  the  enemy 
could  not  countervail  the  king's  damage." 

•'  Then  the  king  Ahasuerus  answered  and  said  unto  Esther  the  queen, 
"  Who  is  he,  and  where  is  he,  *that  durst  presume  in  his  heart  to  do 
so?"  "^  And  Esther  said,  "  tThe  adversary  and  enemy  is  this  wicked 
Haman."     Then  Haman  was  afraid  tbefore  the  king  and  the  queen. 

■^  And  the  king  arising  from  the  banquet  of  wine  in  his  wrath  went 
into  the  palace  garden  ;  and  Haman  stood  up  to  make  request  for  his 
life  to  Esther  the  queen,  for  he  saw  that  there  was  evil  determined 


Part  II.] 


■f  Heb.  witk  me. 
s  Job  9.  -24. 


X  Heb.  tree.  Ps. 

7.  IB.  Pr.  11.  5, 

6. 
i  Da.  6.  24.  Ps. 

37.  35,  36. 


PLOT  OF  HAMAN,  AND  ITS  DEFEAT. 


1139 


*  Heb.  she  wept, 
and  besought 
htm. 


t  Heb.  the  device. 
J  Or,  who  wrote. 


*  Heb.  be  able 
that  I  may  see. 
Ne.  2.  3. 


<  Da.  6.  8,  12, 15. 


t  Heb.  revealed. 


t  Or,  TJfo^et. 


against  him  by  the  king.  « Then  the  king  returned  out  of  the  palace 
garden  into  the  place  of  the  banquet  of  wine ;  and  Hainan  was  fallen 
upon  the  bed  whereon  Esther  was.  Then  said  the  king,  "  Will  he 
force  the  queen  also  fbefore  me  in  the  house  ?  "  As  the  word  went 
out  of  the  king's  mouth,  they  'covered  Haman's  face.  ^  And  Harbo- 
nah,  one  of  the  chamberlains,  said  before  the  king,  "  Behold  also  the 
Igallows  fifty  cubits  high,  which  Haman  had  made  for  Mordecai,  who 
had  spoken  good  for  the  king,  standeth  in  the  house  of  Haman." 
Then  the  king  said,  "  Hang  him  thereon."  i^  So  'they  hanged  Haman 
on  the  gallows  that  he  had  prepared  for  Mordecai.  Then  was  the 
king's  wrath  pacified. 

^  On  that  day  did  the  king  Ahasuerus  give  the  house  of  Esther  viii. 
Haman  the  Jews'  enemy  unto  Esther  the  queen.  And  Mor- 
decai came  before  the  king ;  for  Esther  had  told  what  he  was  unto  her. 
2  And  the  king  took  off"  his  ring,  which  he  had  taken  from  Haman,  and 
gave  it  unto  Mordecai.  And  Esther  set  Mordecai  over  the  house  of 
Haman. 

^  And  Esther  spake  yet  again  before  the  king,  and  fell  down  at  his 
feet,  and  *besought  him  with  tears  to  put  away  the  mischief  of  Haman 
the  Agagite,  and  his  device  that  he  had  devised  against  the  Jews. 
^  Then  the  king  held  out  the  golden  sceptre  toward  Esther.  So  Esther 
arose,  and  stood  before  the  king,  ^and  said,  "  If  it  please  the  king,  and 
if  1  have  found  favor  in  his  sight,  and  the  thing  seem  right  before 
the  king,  and  I  be  pleasing  in  his  eyes,  let  it  be  written  to  reverse  tthe 
letters  devised  by  Haman  the  son  of  Hammedatha  the  Agagite,  twhich 
he  wrote  to  destroy  the  Jews  which  are  in  all  the  king's  provinces. 
^  For  how  can  I  *endure  to  see  the  evil  that  shall  come  unto  my  people  ? 
or  how  can  I  endure  to  see  the  destruction  of  my  kindred  ?  " 

^  Then  the  king  Ahasuerus  said  unto  Esther  the  queen  and  to  Mordecai 
the  Jew,  "  Behold,  "I  have  given  Esther  the  house  of  Haman,  and  him 
they  have  hanged  upon  the  gallows,  because  he  laid  his  hand  upon  the 
Jews,  s  Write  ye  also  for  the  Jews,  as  it  liketh  you,  in  the  king's  name, 
and  seal  it  with  the  king's  ring  ;  for  the  writing  which  is  written  in  the 
king's  name,  and  sealed  with  the  king's  ring,  "may  no  man  reverse." 
^  Then  were  the  king's-  scribes  called  at  that  time  in  the  third  month, 
that  is,  tlie  month  Sivan,  on  the  three  and  twentieth  day  thereof;  and 
it  was  written  according  to  all  that  Mordecai  commanded  unto  the  Jews, 
and  to  the  lieutenants,  and  the  deputies  and  rulers  of  the  provinces 
which  are  from  India  unto  Ethiopia,  an  hundred  twenty  and  seven 
provinces,  unto  every  province  according  to  the  writing  thereof,  and 
unto  every  people  after  their  language,  and  to  the  Jews  according  to 
their  writing,  and  according  to  their  language,  i"  And  he  wrote  in  the 
king  Ahasuerus's  name,  and  sealed  it  with  the  king's  ring,  and  sent 
letters  by  posts  on  horseback,  and  riders  on  mules,  camels,  and  young 
dromedaries;  11  wherein  the  king  granted  the  Jews  which  were  in  every 
city  to  gather  themselves  together,  and  to  stand  for  their  life,  to  destroy, 
to  slay,  and  to  cause  to  perish,  all  the  power  of  the  people  and  province 
that  would  assault  them,  (both  little  ones  and  women,)  and  to  take 
the  spoil  of  them  for  a  prey,  ^-upon  one  day  in  all  the  provinces  of 
king  Ahasuerus,  namely,  upon  the  thirteenth  day  of  the  twelfth  month, 
which  is  the  month  Adar.  ^^  The  copy  of  the  writing  for  a  command- 
ment to  be  given  in  every  province  was  f  published  unto  all  people,  and 
that  the  Jews  should  be  ready  against  that  day  to  avenge  themselves 
on  their  enemies.  ^^  So  the  posts  that  rode  upon  mules  and  camels 
went  out,  being  hastened  and  pressed  on  by  the  king's  commandment. 
And  the  decree  was  given  at  Shushan  the  palace. 

^^  And  Mordecai  went  out  from  the  presence  of  the  king  in  royal 
apparel  of  tblue  and  white,  and  with  a  great  crown  of  gold,  and  with 


21.  10. 


I  140  PLOT  OF  HAM  AN,  AND  ITS  DEFEAT.  [Period  VIII. 

w  Pr.  29.  a.  a  garment  of  fine  linen  and  purple  ;  and  '"the  city  of  Shushan  rejoiced 

I  Ps.  97. 11.  and  was  glad.  '•'The  Jews  had  ''light,  and  gladness,  and  joy,  and  honor. 
^■^And  in  every  province,  and  in  every  city,  whithersoever  the  king's 
commandment  and  his  decree  came,  the  Jews  had  joy  and  gladness,  a 

yPs.  18.43.         feast  and  a  good  day.     And  many  of  the  people  of  the  land  ^became 

'isfie^btfrk  "^^^^^  '  ^"'"  '^'^6  f^^f  ^^  the  Jews  fell  upon  them. 

&11.25.  ^  Now  in  the  twelfth  month,  that  is,  the  month  Adar,       Esther  ix. 

on  the  thirteenth  day  of  the  same,  when  the  king's  com- 
mandment and  his  decree  drew  near  to  be  put  in  execution,  in  the 
day  that  the  enemies  of  the  Jews  hoped  to  have  power  over  them, 
(though  it  was  turned  to  the  contrary,  that  the  Jews  had  rule  over 
them  that  hated  them  ;)  ~  the  Jews  gathered  themselves  together  in 
their  cities  throughout  all  the  provinces  of  the  king  Ahasuerus,  to  lay 
hand  on  such  as  sought  their  hurt ;  and  no  man  could  withstand  them, 
for  the  fear  of  them  fell  upon  all  people.  "'  And  all   the  rulers  of  the 

*Heb.  those  which  provinces,  and  the  lieutenants,  and  the  deputies,  and  ^officers  of  the 

did  the  ousincis      i   •  i      i  i      i         x  i 

«Aat  belonged  to   king,  helped  the  Jews;  because  the  fear  of  Mordecai  fell  upon  them. 
'""■  '•For  Mordecai  was  great  in  the  king's  house,  and  his  fame  went  out 

"H.^9.Pr.^4.\'8!''  throughout  all  the  provinces  ;  for  this  man  Mordecai  "wa.xed  greater 
and  greater.  '''  Thus  the  Jews  smote  all  their  enemies  with  the  stroke 

^^Oei^wM^''^  of  the  sword,  and  slaughter,  and  destruction,  and  did  twhat  they 
would  unto  those  that  hated  them.  '^And  in  Shushan  the  palace  the 
Jews  slew  and  destroyed  five  hundred  men.  '  And  Parshandatha,  and 
Dalphon,  and  Aspatha,  ^and  Poratha,  and  Adalia,  and  Aridatha,  '-'and 

''lf'ii:il%f  Parmashta,  and  Arisai,  and  Aridai,  and  Vajezatha,  i°  (the  Hen  sons  of 
Haman  the  son  of  Hammedatha,  the  enemy  of  the  Jews,)  slew  they  ; 
but  on  the  spoil  laid  they  not  their  hand.  ^^  On  that  day  the  number 
of  those  that  were  slain  in  Shushan  the  palace  twas  brought  before 
the  king. 

^^  And  the  king  said  unto  Esther  the  queen,  "The  Jews  have  slain 
and  destroyed  five  hundred  men  in  Shushan  the  palace,  and  the  ten 
sons  of  Haman  ;  what  have  they  done  in  the  rest  of  the  king's  prov- 
inces ?  now  what  is  tliy  petition  ?  and  it  shall  be  granted  thee  :  or  what 
is  thy  request  further  ?  and  it  shall  be  done."  ^^  Then  said  Esther,  "  If 
it  please  the  king,  let  it  be  granted  to  the  Jews  which  are  in  Shuslian 
to  do  to-morrow  also  according  unto  this  day's  decree,  and  *let  Ha- 

tenlinns.  mau's  tcn  SOUS  bc  hanged  upon   the  gallows."   ^^  And  the  king  com- 

manded it  so  to  be  done  ;  and  the  decree  was  given  at  Shushan,  and 

%afhauiaman's  thcy  hangcd  Haman's  ten ''sons.  ^^For  the  Jews  that  were  in  Shushan 

gibbVted"!fte''r''     gathered  themselves  together  on  the  fourteenth  day  also  of  the  Month 

heing  skin,  in     Adar,  and  slew  three  hundred  men  at  Shushan  :  but  on  the  prev  thev 

order  to  ternly       -i    •  \  \      •       \  t       ^p  -r\  t  i.'  J 

such  enemies  of  laid  uot  their  hand.   ''•  But  the  other  Jews  that  were    in    the    king'.s 

had  etraprd'°ho  proviuccs  gathered  themselves  together,  and  stood  for  their  lives,  and 

preceding  day!-  ^^^  rcst  from  their  enemies,  and  slew  of  their  foes  .seventy  and    five 

^^-      "  thousand,  but  they  laid  not  their  hands  on   the  prey.   '^  On   the  thir- 

tHeb.  m.«.         teenth  day  of  the   Month  Adar,  and  on    the  fourteenth   day    tof  the 

same  rested  they,  and  made  it  a  day  of  feasting  and  gladness.   ^'^  But 

the  Jews  that  were  at  Shushan  assembled  together  on    the  thirteenth 

day  thereof,  and  on  the  fourteenth  thereof;  and  on  the  fifteenth  day 

of  the  same  they  rested,  and  made  it  a  day  of  feasting  and   gladness. 

'"Therefore  the  Jews  of  the  villages,  that  dwelt  in  the  unwalled  towns, 

e  De.  16.  II,  14.    made  the  fourteenth  day  of  the  Month   Adar  'a  day  of  gladness  and 

dNe.  8. 10,12.     feasting,  and  a  good  day,  and  of  ''sending  portions  one  to  another. 

^"  And  Mordecai  wrote  these  things,  and    sent  letters  unto   all  the 
Jews  that  were  in  all  the  provinces  of  the  king   Ahasuerus,  both  nigh 
cs^ce  -i  .Muc.  15.    and  far,  ~'  to  establish  this  among  them,  tiiat  they  should  keep  'the  four- 
teenth  day  of  the    Month  Adar,  and  the  fifteenth   day  of  the   same, 


Heb.  let  men 
hang  Haman's 


Part  III.]  FIRST  COMMISSION  OF  NEHEMIAH.  1141 

yearly,  ~~  as  the  days  wherein  the  Jews  rested  from  their  enemies,  and 
/Ps.  30.  II.  the  month  which  was  ^turned  unto  them  from  sorrow  to  joy,  and  from 
mourning  into  a  good  day  ;  tiiat  they  should  make  them  days  of  feast- 
ing and  joy,  and  of  sending  portions  one  to  another,  and  gifts  to  the 
poor.  -^  And  the  Jews  undertook  to  do  as  they  had  begun,  and  as 
Mordecai  had  written  unto  them  ;  ^"'because  Haman  the  son  of  Hamme- 
datha,  the  Agagite,  the  enemy  of  all  the  Jews,  had  devised  against 
J  Heb.  crash.       the  Jews  to  destroy  them,  and  had  cast  Pur,  (that  is,  the  lot,)  to  tcon- 

*  neh.  she  came,    sume  them,  and  to  destroy  them  ;  -^but  when   *  Esther  came  before 

the  king,  he  commanded  by  letters  that  his  wicked  device,  which  he 
devised  against  the  Jews,  should  return  upon  his  own  head,  and  that 
he  and  his  sons  should  be  hanged  on  the  gallows.  ^^  Wherefore  they 
fThatis,  ;ot.       called  these  days   Purim  after   the   name  of  tPur.     Therefore  for  all 
the  words  of  this  letter,  and  of  that  which  they  had  seen  concerning 
this  matter,  and  which  had  come  unto  them,  '^^  the  Jews  ordained,  and 
^is.  5fi.  3, 6.       took  upon  them,  and  upon  their  seed,  and  upon  all  such  as  ^joined 
XH^h.'pl's.        themselves  unto  them,  so  as  it  should  not  tfail,  that  they  would  keep 
these  two  days  according  to  their  writing,  and  according   to  their  ap- 
pointed time  every  year ;  ^^^  and  that  these  days  should  be  remembered 
and  kept  throughout   every  generation,  every  family,  every  province, 

*  Heb.  pas^-.        and  every  city  ;  and  that  these  days  of  Purim  should   not  *fail  from 
t  Heb.  6e  radfrf.    amono"  the  Jews,  nor  the  memorial  of  them  f  perish  from    their   seed. 

23  Then  Esther  the  queen,  the  daughter  of  Abihail,  and  Mordecai  the 
XReh. strength.    Jew,  wrotc  vvith  all  tauthority,  to  confirm  this  second  letter  of  Purim. 
30  ^j-,(j  i^e  sg„t  the  letters  unto  all  the  Jews,  to  the  hundred  twenty 
and  seven  provinces  of  the  kingdom  of  Ahasuerus,  with  words  of  peace 
and  truth,  ^^  to  confirm  these  days  of  Purim  in  their  times  appointed, 
according  as  Mordecai  the  Jew  and  Esther  the  queen  had  enjoined 
*Heb./or(/mr     them,  and  as  they  had  decreed  *for  themselves  and  for  their  seed,  the 
""'^''  matters  of  the  fastings  and  their  cry.  ^-  And  the  decree  of  Esther  con- 

firmed these  matters  of  Purim ;  and  it  was  written  in  the  book. 

'  And  the  king  Ahasuerus  laid  a  tribute  upon   the  land,       Esther  x. 
AGe.  10.5.  Ps.     and   upon    Hhe  isles  of  the  sea.      ^  ^nd  all   the  acts  of 
73. 10.  ts.  24.      his  power  and  of  his  might,  and  the  declaration  of  the  greatness  of 
\  neh.  made  him    Mordccai,  whcrcunto  the  king  tadvanced  him,  are  they  not  written  in 
""''"''■  the  Book  of  the  Chronicles  of  the  Kings  of  Media  and  Persia  ?  ^  For 

jGe.  4i.4o.2Ch.  Mordccai  the  Jew  was  'next  unto  king  Ahasuerus,  and  great  among  the 
Jews,  and  accepted  of  the  multitude  of  his  brethren,  ^seeking  the  wealth 
of  his  people,  and  speaking  peace  to  all  his  seed. 


3.7. 
j  Ne.  2.  10.  Ps. 
122.  8,  9. 


PART    III 


FROM  THE  REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH,  TO  THE  CLOSING  OF 
THE  CANON. 

SECT.  I.  Section  I. — First  Commission  of  Nehcmiah.^^^^ 

Nehemiah  i.  and  ii.  1-11. 

A.  M.  3559.       ])Jelicmi'tli,  understanding  by  Hanani  the  miserij  of  Jerusalem,  vwurneth,  fasteth,  ana  prayeth.     5 
B.  C.  445.  His  prayer.  —  Chap.  ii.  1  Artaxerxes,  unders'tandrno;  the  cause  of  Nehemiah's  sadness,  sendeth 

him  icith  letters  and  commission  to  Jernsalem.     9  Nehemiah  cometh  to  Jerusalem. 

^THE  words  of  Nehemiah  the  son  of  Hachaliah.     And  it  came  to 
pass  in  the  Month  Chisleu,  in  the  twentieth  year,  as  I  was  in  Shushan 


(3")  The   commision  of  Ezra   continued   till   the  zealously  together,  and  completely  reestablished  the 

end  of  the  year  44(;  B.  C,   at  wliich  time  he    was  Jewish  polity,  both  in  church  and  state, 

superseded  by  Nehemiah,  who  was   high   in  office  The    Book    of   Nehemiah    is   m   some    versions 

at  the  court  of  Persia,  and  was  sent  to  Jerusalem  termed  the  Second  Book  of  Ezra  or  Esdras,  from 

with  crreater  powers  than  were  possessed   by  Ezra,  an  opinion  which  anciently  obtained,  and  was  adopt- 

These  two  great  reformers,  however,   were   not  di-  ed  by  Athanasius,    Epiphanius.  Chrysostoin,    and 

vided   by  any  inferior   jealousv  ;    they    cooperated  other  eminent  fathers  of  the  Church,  that  Ezra  was 

,  oT     ■  I                                                '  4  R 


).5. 

:  Ue.  28. 


1142  FIRST  COMMISSION  OF  NEHEMIAH.         [Period  VIII. 

the  palace,  '^that  Hanani,  one  of  my  brethren,  came,  he  and  certain 
men  of  Judah  ;  and  I  asked  them  concerning  the  Jews  that  had  es- 
caped, which  were  left  of  the  captivity,  and  concerning  Jerusalem. 
^And  they  said  unto  me,  "The  remnant  that  are  left  of  the  captivity 
there  in  the  province  are  in  great  affliction  and  reproach  ;  the  wall  of 

o2Ki.2o.  10.  Jerusalem  also  "is  broken  down,  and  the  gates  thereof  are  burned  with 
fire." 

■*  And  it  came  tp  pass,  when  I  heard  these  words,  that  I  sat  down 
and  wept,  and   mourned  certain  days,  and  fasted,  and  prayed  before 

6Da.  9. 4,  &c.      the  God  of  heaven,  ^  and  said,  "I  beseech   thee,  'O  Lord  God  of 

cEx.  20. 6  heaven,  the  great  and  terrible  God,  'that  keepest  covenant  and  mercy 

for  them  that  love  him  and  observe  his  commandments  ;  ^  let  thine  ear 
now  be  attentive,  and  thine  eyes  open,  that  thou  mayest  hear  the  prayer 
of  thy  servant,  which  1  pray  before  thee  now,  day  and  night,  for  the 
children  of  Israel  thy  servants,  and  confess  the  sins  of  the  children  of 
Israel,  which  we  have  sinned  against  thee.     Both  I  and  my  father's 

dVs.  106. 6.  Da.  house  havc  sinned,  "  we  ''have  dealt  very  corruptly  against  thee,  and 
have  'not  kept  the  commandments,  nor  the  statutes,  nor  the  judgments, 
which  thou  commandedst  thy  servant  Moses.  ^  Remember,  I  beseech 
thee,  the  word  that  thou  commandedst  thy  servant  Moses,  saying,  '  If 

/Le.26. 33. De.   /ye  transffrcss,  I  will  scatter  you  abroad  among  the  nations  :  ''but  ^if 

4.  25-27.  &  ^S.  Jo'  J  ~  111 

64.    ~  '    "  '     ye  turn  unto  me,  and  keep  my  commandments,  and  do  them  ;   Hhough 
^30 V- ^^"^'- "^  there  were  of  you  cast  out  unto  the  uttermost  part  of  the  heaven,  yet 
ADe.3o.  4.         wiU  I  gather  them  from  thence,  and  will  bring  them  unto  the  place 
iDe.9.29.  Da  9.  that  I  have  chosen  to  set  my  name  there.'  ^°  Now  *these  are  thy  ser- 
vants and  thy  people,  whom  thou  hast  redeemed  by  thy  great  power, 
and  by  thy  strong  hand.   ^^  O  Lord,  I  beseech  thee,  let  now  thine  ear 
be  attentive  to  the  prayer  of  thy  servant,  and  to  the  prayer  of  thy 
ju. 26. 8.  He.  13.  servants,  who  ^desire  to  fear  thy  name  ;  and  prosper,  I  pray  thee,  thy 
servant  this  day,  and  grant  him  mercy  in  the  sight  of  this  man."     For 
I  was  the  king's  cupbearer. 

the  author  of  this  book.     In  the   modern  Hebrew  mission  to  go  back  again  to  his  country,  where  he 

Bibles  it  has  the  name  of  Nehemiah  prefixed  to  it,  is  supposed  to  have  spent  the  remainder  of  his  hfe. 

which  is  also  retained  in  our  English  Bibles.  Nehemiah    was  probably    the  last  governor  ap- 

That  Nehemiah,  who  was  cupbearer  to  Artaxer-  pointed  by  the  kings  of  Persia  :  after  his  time  Judsa 
xes  Longimanus,  was  the  autlior  of  this  book,  there  was  governed  by  tiie  high  priests  under  the  Persian, 
cannot  be  any  reasonable  doubt;  the  whole  of  it  Macedo-Grecian,  Asmonean,  and  Roman  dynasties, 
being  written  in  his  name,  and,  what  is  very  till  the  destruction  of  their  city  and  temple, 
unusual,  when  compared  with  the  preceding  sacred  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  chiefly  owing  to  the 
historians,  in  the  first  person.  The  insertion  of  the  influence  of  Esther,  that  Ezra  and  Nehemiah  were 
greater  part  of  the  register  in  chap.  xii.  1-2G,  permitted  by  Artaxerxes  Longimanus  to  rebuild 
(which  is  thought  to  militate  against  this  generally  Jerusalem,  and  restore  the  ecclesiastical  and  civil 
received  opinion),  may  be  accounted  for  by  suppos-  polity  of  the  Jews.  Dr.  Hales,  however,  is  of  opin- 
ing it  either  to  have  been  added  by  some  subse-  ion,  that  the  conduct  of  Artaxerxes  respecting  the 
quent  author,  or  perhaps  by  the  authority  of  the  Jews  may  be  accounted  for  upon  sound  political 
great  synagogue  :  for  it  seems  to  be  unconnected  principles,  and  not  merely  from  regard  to  the  so- 
with  the  narrative  of  Nehemiah,  and  ascribes  to  licitations  of  his  cupbearer  (Neliemiah),  or  the  in- 
him  a  degree  of  longevity  which  appears  scarcely  fluence  of  his  queen, 
credible.  Four  years  before    Neliemiah    rebuilt  the    city, 

Nehemiah  was  the  son  of  Hachaliah,  and,  accord-  Artaxerxes   suflTered  the    celebrated    defeat   of  hia 

ing  to  some  writers,  was  of  the  tribe  of  Levi;  but,  forces  by  Cimon,  the  Athenian  general,  which  com- 

in   the   opinion    of  others,  of  the  royal    house  of  pelled  him  to  make  an  inglorious  peace   upon  the 

Judah  :  as  the  office  he  held  in  the  Persian  court  humiliating  conditions  that  the  Persians  should  be 

(that  of  cupbearer)  was  a  post  of  great  honor  and  excluded   from  the  whole   line  of  seacoast  within 

influence,  it  is  certain  that  he  was  a  man  of  illus-  three  days'  journey,  and  precluded  from  keeping  a 

trious  family ;  and  of  his  integrity,  prudence,  and  garrison   in  any  of  the   maritime  towns.     On  ac- 

piety,  the   whole   of  this  book  presents  abundant  count  of  this   treaty   it   became   a  matter  of  state 

evidence.     He  arrived  at  Jerusalem  thirteen  years  necessity  to  conciliate  the   Jews,  and   attach  them 

after  Ezra,  with  the  rank  of  governor  of  the  prov-  to  the  Persian  interest  by  further   privileges,  that 

ince,  and  vested  with  full  power  and   authority  to  the  Persians  might  have  the  benefit  of  the  fortified 

encourage  the  rebuilding  of  the  walls  of  that  city,  town  of  Jerusalem,  which  was   within   three  days' 

and  to  i)romote   the  welfare  of  his  countrymen  in  journey  of  the  sea,  and  at  the  same  time  opened  to 

every  possible  way.  them   a  most   important  pass,   for   communication 

Having  governed  Judra  for  twelve  years  (Neh.  between  Persia  and  Egypt. — Vide  IIa.]es's  .Inahjsis, 

xiii.    (i),   Nehemiah    returned  to  his   royal  patron  vol.  ii.  p.  528. 
(2-6),  and  after  a  short  absence,  he   obtained  per- 


Part  III.] 


THE  WALLS  OF  JERUSALEM  REBUILT. 


1143 


iPr.  15.  13.  Or, 

wickedness  of 
heart ;  and  this 
seems  a  truer 
rendering  than 
the  text  by  Ne- 
hemiah  being 
afr;ii:l.     The 
king's  observa- 
tion appeiirs  to 
be  an  accusa- 

doubt,  from  the 
fear  of  poison, 
which  was  a 
common  way  of 
desp.itcbing 
kings  in  those 
days. — Ed. 
*  Heb.  wife. 


^  And  it  came  to  pass  in  the  Month  Nisan,  in  the  twen-  NF.HKMfAii  ii. 
tieth  year  of  Arta.xer.xes   the   king,  that  wine  was  before  l-'l- 

him ;  and  I  took  up  the  wine,  and  gave  it  unto  the  king.  Now  I  had 
not  been  beforettme  sad  in  his  presence.  ~  Wherefore  the  king  said 
unto  me,  "  Why  is  thy  countenance  sad,  seeing  thou  art  not  sick  ?  this 
is  nothing  else  but  ^sorrow  of  heart."  Then  I  was  very  sore  afraid, 
^and  said  unto  the  king,  "Let  the  king  hve  for  ever!  Why  should 
not  my  countenance  be  sad,  when  the  city,  the  place  of  my  fathers' 
sepulchres,  lieth  waste,  and  the  gates  thereof  are  consumed  with  fire  ?  " 
'*  Then  the  king  said  unto  me,  "  For  what  dost  thou  make  request?  " 
So  I  prayed  to  the  God  of  heaven.  ^  And  I  said  unto  the  king,  "  If  it 
please  the  king,  and  if  thy  servant  have  found  favor  in  thy  sight,  that 
thou  vvouldest  send  me  unto  Judah,  unto  the  city  of  my  fathers' 
sepulchres,  that  I  may  build  it."  '^  And  the  king  said  unto  me,  (the 
*queen  also  sitting  by  him,)  "  For  how  long  shall  thy  journey  be?  and 
when  wilt  thou  return  ?  "  So  it  pleased  the  king  to  send  me  ;  and  I 
set  him  a  time.  ^  Moreover  I  said  unto  the  king,  "  If  it  please  the  king, 
let  letters  be  given  me  to  the  governors  beyond  the  river,  that  they  may 
convey  me  over  till  I  come  into  Judah  ;  ^and  a  letter  unto  Asaph  the 
keeper  of  the  king's  forest,  that  he  may  give  me  timber  to  make  beams 
for  the  gates  of  the  palace  which  appertained  to  the  house,  and  for  the 
wall  of  the  city,  and  for  the  house  that  I  shall  enter  into."  And  the 
king  granted  me,  according  to  the  good  hand  of  my  God  upon  me. 

^  Then  I  came  to  the  governors  beyond  the  river,  and  gave  them  the 
king's  letters.  Now  the  king  had  sent  captains  of  the  army  and  horse- 
men with  me,  ^°  When  Sanballat  the  Horonite,  and  Tobiah  the  servant, 
the  Ammonite,  heard  of  it,  it  grieved  them  exceedingly  that  there  was 
come  a  man  to  seek  the  welfare  of  the  children  of  Israel.  ^^  So  I  came 
to  Jerusalem,  and  was  there  three  days. 

Section  II. —  The  Walls  of  Jerusalem  rebuilt. 
Nehemiah  ii.  12,  to  the  end,  and  iii.  to  vi. 
Nehemiah  vieweth  secretly  the  ruins  of  the  walls.  17  He  inciteth  the  Jews  to  build  in  despite  of  the 
enemies.  —  Chap.  iii.  The  names  and  order  of  them  that  builded  the  wall.  —  Ciiap.  iv.  1  While 
the  enemies  scoff,  Nehemiah  prayeth  and  continneth  the  work.  7  Understaruling  the  wrath  and 
secrets  of  the  enemy,  he  setteth  a  watch.  13  He  armeth  the  laborers,  19  and  giveth  military  pre- 
cepts.—  Chap.  V.  1  The  Jews  complain  of  their  debt,  mortgage,  and  bondage.  6  Nehemiah  re- 
buketh  the  usurers,  and  causeth  them  to  make  a  covenant  of  restitution.  14  He  forbeareth  his  own 
allowance,  and  keepeth  hospitality.  —  Chap.  vi.  1  Sanballat  practiselh  by  craft,  by  rumors,  by 
hired  prophecies,  to  terrify  Nehemiah.  13  The  tcork  is  finished,  to  the  terror  of  the  enemies.  17 
Secret  intelligence  passeth  between  the  enemies  and  the  nobles  of  Judah. 

12  And  I  arose  in  the  night,  I  and  some  iew  men  with  me  ;  neither 
told  I  any  man  what  my  God  had  put  in  my  heart  to  do  at  Jerusalem ; 
neither  was  there  any  beast  with  me,  save  the  beast  that  I  rode 
upon.  1^  And  I  went  out  by  night  by  the  gate  of  the  valley,  even 
before  the  dragon-well,  and  to  the  dung-port,  and  viewed  the 
walls  of  Jerusalem,  which  were  broken  down,  and  the  gates  thereof 
were  consumed  with  fire.  ^^Then  I  went  on  to  the  gate  of  the 
fountain,  and  to  the  king's  pool ;  but  there  was  no  place  for  the 
beast  that  was  under  me  to  pass.  ^^  Then  went  I  up  in  the  night  by 
the  "brook,  and  viewed  the  wall,  and  turned  back,  and  entered  by  the 
gate  of  the  valley,  and  so  returned.  ^^  And  the  rulers  knew  not  whither 
I  went,  or  what  I  did ;  neither  had  I  as  yet  told  it  to  the  Jews,  nor  to 
the  priests,  nor  to  the  nobles,  nor  to  the  rulers,  nor  to  the  rest  that  did 
the  work. 

I'' Then  said  I  unto  them,  "Ye  see  the  distress  that  we  are  in,  how 

Jerusalem   lieth  waste,  and  the  gates  thereof  are  burned  with  fire  : 

come,  and  let  us  build  up  the  wall  of  Jerusalem,  that  we  be  no  more 

Tie.*b4^'9^Iz:   ^a  reproach."   ^^  Then  I  told  them  of  the  hand  of  my  God  which  was 

5. 14, 15.  «c  22.    g^^^  ^p^j^  j^g  .  g^g  g|gQ  ^i^g  king's  words  that  he  had  spoken  unto  me. 


SECT 

'.   11. 

A.  M. 

3559. 

B.  0. 

445. 

a2Sa.  15.23.Je. 
31.  40.  That  is, 
The  brook  Ki- 
dron. 


144 


THE  WALLS  OF  JERUSALEM  REBUILT.         [Period  VIIL 


/Jo.  5.  2. 


g-Je.  31.38.  Zee. 

14.  10. 
*  Heb.  at  his 

lianil. 
h  2  Ch.  33.  14. 

Zep.  1.  10. 


■f  Or,  l^  Jerusa- 
lem unto  the 
broad  wall. 


j  Jo.  9.  7. 


*2Ki.20  20.  Is. 
22.  II. 


1 2  Ch.  20.  9. 
•  Or,  Ziiccai. 


And  they  said,  "  Let  us  rise  up  and  build."  'So  they  strengthened 
their  hands  for  this  good  work.  ^'-'  But  when  Sanballat  the  Horonite, 
and  Tobiah  the  servant,  the  Ammonite,  and  Geshem  the  Arabian,  heard 
it,  they  "laughed  us  to  scorn,  and  despised  us,  and  said,  '••  What  is  this 
thing  that  ye  do?  will  ye  rebel  against  the  king?"  ~^Then  answered 
I  them,  and  said  unto  them,  "  The  God  of  heaven,  he  will  prosper  us, 
therefore  we  his  servants  will  arise  and  build  ;  'but  ye  have  no  portion, 
nor  right,  nor  memorial,  in  Jerusalem." 

^  Then  Eliashib  the  high  priest  rose  up  with  his  brethren  Nehemiah  iii. 
the  priests,  -'and  they  builded  the  sheep-gate  ;  they  sanc- 
tified it,  and  set  up  the  doors  of  it ;  even  unto  the  tower  of  Meah 
they  sanctified  it,  unto  the  tower  of  ^Hananeel.  ~  And  *next  unto  him 
buiided  the  men  of  Jericho.  And  next  to  them  builded  Zaccur  the 
son  of  Imri.  ^  But  Hhe  fish-gate  did  the  sons  of  Hassenaah  build,  who 
also  laid  the  beams  thereof,  and  set  up  the  doors  thereof,  the  locks 
thereof,  and  the  bars  thereof.  "*  And  next  unto  them  repaired  Meremoth 
the  son  of  Urijah,  the  son  of  Koz.  And  next  unto  them  repaired 
Meshullam  the  son  of  Berechiah,  the  son  of  Meshezabeel.  And  next 
unto  them  repaired  Zadok  the  son  of  Baana.  ^  And  next  unto  them 
the  Tekoites  repaired  ;  but  their  nobles  put  not  their  necks  to  'the  work 
of  their  Lord.  *^  Moreover  the  old  gate  repaired  Jehoiada  the  son  of 
Paseah,  and  Meshullam  the  son  of  Besodeiah  ;  they  laid  the  beams 
thereof,  and  set  up  the  doors  thereof,  and  the  locks  thereof,  and  the 
bars  thereof.  '''And  next  unto  them  repaired  Melatiah  the  Gibeonite, 
and  Jadon  the  Meronothite,  the  men  of  Gibeon,  and  of  Mizpah,  unto 
the  throne  of  the  governor  on  this  side  the  river.  ^  Next  unto  him  re- 
paired Uzziel  the  son  of  Harhaiah,  of  the  goldsmiths.  Next  unto  him 
also  repaired  Hananiah  the  son  of  one  of  the  apothecaries,  and  they 
tfortified  Jerusalem  unto  the  broad  wall.  ^  And  next  unto  them  repaired 
Rephaiah  the  son  of  Hur,  the  ruler  of  the  half  part  of  Jerusalem. 
^^  And  next  unto  them  repaired  Jedaiah  the  son  of  Harumaph,  even 
over  against  his  house.  And  next  unto  him  repaired  Hattush  the  son 
of  Hashabniah.  ^^Malchijah  the  son  of  Harim,  and  Hashub  the  son  of 
Pahath-moab,  repaired  the  tother  piece,  and  the  tower  of  the  furnaces. 
^■^  And  next  unto  him  repaired  Shallum  the  son  of  Halohesh,  the  ruler 
of  the  half  i)art  of  Jerusalem,  he  and  his  daughters.  ^'^  The  valley-gate 
repaired  Hanun,  and  the  inhabitants  of  Zanoah  ;  they  built  it,  and  set 
up  the  doors  thereof,  the  locks  thereof,  and  the  bars  thereof,  and  a 
thousand  cubits  on  the  wall  unto  the  dung-gate.  ^^  But  the  dung-gate 
repaired  Malchiah  the  son  of  Rechab,  the  ruler  of  part  of  Beth-hac- 
cerem  ;  he  built  it,  and  set  up  tlie  doors  thereof,  the  locks  thereof,  and 
the  bars  thereof.  ^^  But  the  gate  of  the  fountain  repaired  Shallum  the 
son  of  Col-hozeh,  the  ruler  of  part  of  Mizpah  ;  he  built  it,  and  covered 
it,  and  set  up  the  doors  thereof,  the  locks  thereof,  and  the  bars  thereof, 
and  the  wall  of  the  pool  of  ^Siloah  by  the  king's  garden,  and  unto  the 
stairs  that  go  down  from  the  city  of  David.  ^'' After  him  repaired  Ne- 
hemiah the  son  of  Azbuk,  the  ruler  of  the  half  part  of  Beth-zur,  unto 
the  place  over  against  the  sepulchres  of  David,  and  to  the  *pool  that 
was  made,  and  unto  the  house  of  the  mighty.  ^"^  After  him  repaired 
the  Levites,  Rehum  the  son  of  Bani.  Next  unto  him  repaired  Hasha- 
biah,  the  ruler  of  the  half  part  of  Keilah,  in  his  part.  '*^  After  him  re- 
paired their  brethren,  Bavai  the  son  of  Henadad,  the  ruler  of  the  half 
part  of  Keilah.  '"  And  next  to  him  repaired  Ezer  the  son  of  Jeshua, 
the  ruler  of  Mizpah,  another  piece  over  against  the  going  up  to  the 
armory  at  the  'turning  of  the  wall.  ^^  After  him  Baruch  the  son  of 
*Zabbai  earnestly  repaired  the  other  ])iecc,  from  the  turning  of  the 
wall  unto  the  door  of  the  house  of  Eliashib  the  high  priest.  ^^  After 


Part  III.]  THE  WALLS  OF  JERUSALEM  REBUILT.  1145 

him  repaired  Meremoth  the  son  of  Urijah  the  son  of  Koz  another  piece, 

from  the  door  of  the  house  of  Eliashib  even  to  the  end  of  the  house 

of  Ehashib.  ""  And  after   him  repaired   the   priests,  the   men   of  the 

plain.  -^  After  him  repaired  Benjamin  and  Hashub  over  against  their 

house.     After  him  repaired  Azartah  the  son  of  Maaseiah  tiie  son  of 

Ananiah  by  his  house.  -^  After  him  repaired  Binnni  the  son  of  Henadad 

another  piece,  from  the  house  of  Azariah  unto  the  turning  of  the  wall, 

even  unto  the  corner.  ~^Palal  the  son  of  Uzai,  over  against  the  turning 

of  the  wall,  and  the  tower  which  lieth  out  from  the  king's  high-house, 

m  Jo.  :is.  2.  & 33.  that  was  by  the  "'court  of  the  prison.      After  him  Pcdaiah  the  son  of 

n  Ezra  2. 43.        Parosh.  ^^  Morcover  "the  Nethinims  i  dwelt  in  tOphel,  unto  the  place 

t  Or, wiiich  dwelt   ovcr  Bgainst  the  water-gate  toward  the  east,  and  the  tower  that  lieth 

inopkei, repaired  ^^^^  ^^  After  tlicm   the  Tckoites   repaired  another  piece,  over  against 

XOr,  the  tojner.     thc  great  tower  that  lieth   out,  even  unto  the  wall  of  Ophel.  ~^  From 

o'sKi.n.ie.       above  the  "horse-gate  repaired  the  priests,  every  one  over  against  his 

•^ch-^'^3. 15. }e.  j^Q^se.  29  Affcj-  them  repaired  Zadok  the  son  of  Immer  over  against  his 

house.     After  him  repaired  also  Shemaiah  the  son  of  Shechaniah,  the 

keeper  of  the  east-gate.  -^^  After  him  repaired  Hananiah  the  son  of 

Shelemiah,  and  Hanun  the  sixth  son  of  Zaiaph,  another  piece.     After 

him  repaired  Meshullam  the  son  of  Berechiah  over  against  his  chamber, 

^'  After  him  repaired  Malchiah  the  goldsmith's  son  unto  the  place  of 

the  Nethinims,  and  of  the  merchants,  over  against  the  gate  Miphkad, 

*  Or,  corner-        aud  to  thc  *going  up  of  the  corner.  ^-  And  between  the  going  up  of 
chamber.  ^j^^  comcr  uuto  thc  shecp-gatc  repaired  the  goldsmiths  and  the  mer- 
chants. 

^  But  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  Sanballat  heard  that  Nehemiah  iv. 
we  builded  the  wall,  he  was  wroth,  and  took  great  indig- 
nation, and  mocked  the  Jews.  ^  And  he  spake  before  his  brethren  and 
the  army  of  Samaria,  and  said,  "  What  do  these  feeble  Jews  ?  will  they 
t  Heb.  leave  tfortifv  thcmselvcs  ?  will  they  sacrifice  ?  will  they  make  an  end  in  a 
day  ?  will  they  revive  the  stones  out  oi  the  heaps  oi  the  rubbish  which 
are  burned  ?  "  ^  Now  Tobiah  the  Ammonite  was  by  him,  and  he  said, 
"  Even  that  which  they  build,  if  a  fox  go  up,  he  shall  even  break  down 
their  stonewall." — "*  "•  Hear,  O  our  God,  for  we  are  tdespised  ;  and 
^turn  their  reproach  upon  their  own  head,  and  give  them  for  a  prey  in 
the  land  of  captivity.  ^  And  'cover  not  their  iniquity,  and  let  not  their 
sin  be  blotted  out  from  before  thee ;  for  they  have  provoked  thee  to 
anger  before  the  builders."  ^  So  built  we  the  wall ;  and  all  the  wall 
was  joined  together  unto  the  half  thereof,  for  the  people  had  a  mind 
to  work. 

■''But  it  came  to  pass,  that  when   Sanballat,  and  Tobiah,  and  the 
Arabians,  and  the  Ammonites,  and  the  Ashdodites,  heard  that  the  walls 

*  Heb.  ascended,  of  Jcrusalem  *were  made  up,  and  that  the  breaches  began  to  be  stop- 
rPs. 83. 3-5.  ped,  thcu  they  were  very  wroth,  ^and  'conspired  all  of  them  together 
Uieh.  to  make  an  to  comc  and  to  fight  agaiust  Jerusalem,  and  tto  hinder  it.  ^  Neverthe- 
sTs'^o'i^.        Isss  ^ve  made  our  prayer  unto  our  God,  and  set  a  watch  against  them 

day  and  night,  because  of  them.  "^  And  Judah  said,  "  The  strength  of 
the  bearers  of  burdens  is  decayed,  and  there  is  much  rubbish  ;  so  thai 
we  are  not  able  to  build  the  wall."  ^^  And  our  adversaries  said,  "  They 
shall  not  know,  neither  see,  till  we  come  in  the  midst  among  them, 
and  slay  them,  and  cause  the  work  to  cease.  ^^  And  it  came  to  pass, 
that  when  the  Jews  which  dwelt  by  them  came,  they  said  unto  us  ten 
iOr,r;iatfromau  timcs,  "  tFrom  all  places  whence  ye  shall  return  unto  us  they  will  be 

jdares  i/e  must  '  ^  •'  •' 

rclnriitous.  UpOU    yOU. 

*\uh.frnmihe         '^'^  T\\Gxe{oxG  sct  I  *in  the  lower  places  behind  the  wall,  and  on  the 
viephier,  \-c.      higlicr  placcs,  I  even  set  the  people  after  their  families  with  their  swords, 
their  spears,  and  their  bows.  ^^  And  I  looked,  and  rose  up,  and  said 
VOL.  I.  144  4  R* 


to  themselves. 


JHeb. 

despite. 

;,  Ps.  7! 

J.  12.  Pr. 

3.  34. 

g  Ps.  6£ 

).  27,  28. 

&109, 

.  14,  15. 

Je.  18 

.23. 

w  Ex.  14.  14,  25. 
De.  1.  30. 


3.  10. 


1146  THE  WALLS  OF  JERUSALEM  REBUILT.         [Pkriod  VIIL 

unto  the  nobles,  and  to  the  rulers,  and  to  the  rest  of  the  people,  "  Be 

'h  ag'^'  ^'  °^'     '^^^  y^  afraid  of  them  ;  remember  the  Lord,  which  is  "great  and  terrible, 

uDe.  10. 17.        and  "fight  for  your  brethren,  your  sons,  and  your  daughters,  your  wives, 

e2  sa.  10. 12.      and  your  houses."   ^^  And  it  came  to  pass,  when  our  enemies  heard  that 

it  was  known  unto  us,  and  God  had  brought  their  counsel  to  nought, 

that  we  returned  all  of  us  to  the  wall,  every  one  unto  his  work.  ^^  And 

it  came  to  pass  from  that  time  forth,  that  the  half  of  my  servants  wrought 

in  the  work,  and   the  other  half  of  them  held   both  the  spears,  the 

shields,  and  the  bows,  and  the  habergeons  ;  and  the  rulers  were  behind 

all  the  house  of  Judah.  ^^  They  which  builded  on  the  wall,  and  they 

that  bare  burdens,  with  those  that  laded,  every  one  with  one  of  his 

hands  wrought  in  the  work,  and  with  the  other  hand  held  a  weapon. 

\Heh.onhis       18  For  the  buildcrs,  every  one  had  his  sword  girded  iby  his  side,  and 

so  builded.     And  he  that  sounded  the  trumpet  was  by  me. 

^'^  And  I  said  unto  the  nobles,  and  to  the  rulers,  and  to  the  rest  of  the 
people,  "  The  work  is  great  and  large,  and  we  are  separated  upon  the 
wall,  one  far  from  another.  ~^  In  what  place  therefore  ye  hear  the  sound 
of  the  trumpet,  resort  ye  thither  unto  us  :  "our  God  shall  fight  for  us." 
ios,  ^^  So  we  labored  in  the  work  ;  and  half  of  them  held  the  spears  from 
the  rising  of  the  morning  till  tlie  stars  appeared.  ^^  Likewise  at  the 
same  time  said  I  unto  the  people,  "  Let  every  one  with  his  servant 
lodge  within  Jerusalem,  that  in  the  night  they  may  be  a  guard  to  us, 
and  labor  on  the  day."  ^^  So  neither  I,  nor  my  brethren,  nor  my  ser- 
vants, nor  the  men  of  the  guard  which  followed  me,  none  of  us  put  oft 
tOT  ernnjone     Qur  clothcs,  tsaviug  that  evcrv  one  put  them  oft' for  washing. 

Tcrnt  with  his  i     A        i      i  x 

weapon  for  water.         Aud  thcrc  was  a  great   cry  of  the  people  and  of  their   Nehemiah  v. 

lis. 5. 7.^  wives  against  their  ^brethren  the  Jews.  ^  For  there  were 

yLe.^. 35-37.     that  said,  "  We,  our  sons,  and  our  daughters,  are  many  ;  therefore  we 

take  up  corn  for  them,  that  we  may  eat,  and  live."  ^  Some  also  there 

were  that  said,  "  We  have  mortgaged  our  lands,  vineyards,  and  houses, 

that  we  might   bu}^  corn,  because  of  the  dearth."  '^  There  were  also 

that  said,  ''  We  have  borrowed  money  for  the  king's  tribute,  and  that 

iTs.  58. 7.  upon  our  lands  and  vineyards.  ^  Yet  now  ^our  flesh  is  as  the  flesh 

"S^'zl]'  ^'  ^^"    ^^  ^"''  brethren,  our  children  as  their  children  ;  and,  lo !   "we   bring 

into  bondage  our  sons  and  our  daughters  to  be  servants,  and  some 

of  our  daughters  are  brought  into  bondage   already  ;  neither  is  it  in 

our  power  to  redeem  them,  for  other  men  have  our  lands  and  vineyards." 

^  And  I  was  very  angry  when   I  heard  their  cry  and  these  words. 

*c^^iudhi"Te.    'Then  *I  consulted  with  myself,  and  I  rebuked  the  nobles,  and  the 

6  Ex.  22. 25.jLe.   rulcrs,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Ye  ''exact  usury,  every  one  of  iiis  brother." 

]2;    ■    '^'    '    And  I  set  a  great  assembly  against  them.  **And  I   said  unto  them, 

cLe.  25. 48.        "We  after  our  ability  have  "redeemed  our  brethren  the  Jews,  which 

Avere  sold  unto  the  heathen  ;  and  will  ye  even  sell  your  brethren  ?  or 

shall  they  be  sold  unto  us  ?  "  Then  held  they  their  peace,  and  found 

nothing  to  answer.  ^  Also  I  said,  "  It  is  not  good  that  ye  do  ;  ought  ye 

not  to  walk  ''in  the  fear  of  our  God  'because  of  the  reproach  of  the 

Ro.  2. 24. 1  Pe.   heathen  our  enemies?   '"I  likewise,  and  my  brethren,  and  my  servants, 

might  exact  of  them  money  and  corn  ;  I  pray  you,  let  us  leave  ofl'tliis 

usury.   ^^  Restore,  I  pray  you.  to  them,  even  this  day,  their  lands,  their 

vineyards,  their  oliveyards,  and  their  houses,  also  the  hundredth  part 

of  the  money,  and  of  the  corn,  the  wine,  and  the  oil,  that  ye  exact 

of  them."   ^-Then  said  tiiey,  "  We  will  restore  them,  and  will  require 

nothing  of  them  ;  so  will  we  do  as  thou  saycst."     Then  I  called  the 

sT's.V.  priests,  -^and  took  an  oath  of  them,  that  they  should  do  according  to 

"Ac.lk'si.'lis.  ^^^^  promise.   '»  Also  'I  shook  my  lap,  and  said,  "  So  God  shake"^out 

•'•  every  man  from  his  house,  and  from  his  labor,  that  pcrformeth  not  this 

t Heb.  mpty, or,   promise,  even  thus   be   he  sliaken  out  and  temptied."     And  all  the 


d  Ac.  9.  31 
e  2  Sa.  12.  14 

Ro.  2. 

2.  12. 


/Ezra  10.5.  Je. 


Part  III.] 


THE  WALLS  OF  JERUSALEM  REBUILT. 


1147 


:  2  Sa.  9.  7.  1  Ki. 
18.  19. 


J  Or,  Oashmu, 
ver.  6. 


m  Pr.  26.  24,  25. 

n  1  Ch.  8.  12. 
<j  Pa.  37. 12,  32. 


a.  This  was  a 
gross  insult. 
Letters  are 
always  sent,\'ery 
carefully  sealed 
up  in  silken  bags, 
to  persons  of 
consequence. 

*  Or,  Oeshem, 
ver.  1. 


p  Ez.  13.  22. 


q  Ei.  13.  17 


congregation  said,  "Amen,"  and  praised  the  Lord.     ''And  the  people 
did  according  to  this  promise. 

^^  Moreover  from  the  time  that  I  was  appointed  to  be  their  governor 
in  the  land  of  Judah,  (from  the  twentieth  year  even  unto  the  two  and 
thirtieth  year  of  Artaxerxes  the  king,  that  is,  twelve  years,)  I  and  my 
brethren  have  'not  eaten  the  bread  of  the  governor.  ^^  But  the  former 
governors  that  had  been  before  me  were  chargeable  unto  the  people, 
and  had  taken  of  them  bread  and  wine,  besides  forty  shekels  of  silver, 
(yea,  even  their  servants  bare  rule  over  the  people  ;)  but  ^so  did  not 
I,  because  of  the  fear  of  God.  ^^  Yea,  also  I  continued  in  the  work 
of  this  wall,  neither  bought  we  any  land  ;  and  all  my  servants  were 
gathered  thither  unto  the  work,  i''' Moreover  there  were  ^at  my  table 
an  hundred  and  fifty  of  the  Jews  and  rulers,  besides  those  that  came 
unto  us  from  among  the  heathen  that  are  about  us.  ^^  Now  that  'which 
was  prepared  for  me  daily  was  one  ox  and  six  choice  sheep  ;  also  fowls 
were  prepared  for  me,  and  once  in  ten  days  store  of  all  sorts  of  wine : 
yet  for  all  this  required  not  I  the  bread  of  the  governor,  because  the 
bondage  was  heavy  upon  this  people.  ^^  Think  upon  me,  my  God, 
for  good,  according  to  all  that  I  have  done  for  this  people. 

^  Now  it  came  to  pass,  when  Sanballat,  andTobiah,  and  Nehemiahvi. 
iGeshem  the  Arabian,  and  the  rest  of  our  enemies,  heard  that  I  had 
builded  the  wall,  and  that  there  was  no  breach  left  therein,  (though  at 
that  time  I  had  not  set  up  the  doors  upon  the  gates ;)  ^  that  Sanballat 
and  Geshem  ""sent  unto  me,  saying,  "  Come,  let  us  meet  together  in  some 
one  of  the  villages  in  the  plain  of  "Ono."  But  they  "thought  to  do 
me  mischief.  ^  And  I  sent  messengers  unto  them,  saying,  "  I  am  doing 
a  great  work,  so  that  I  cannot  come  down  ;  why  should  the  work 
cease,  whilst  I  leave  it,  and  come  down  to  you  ?  "  "*  Yet  they  sent  unto 
me  four  times  after  this  sort ;  and  I  answered  them  after  the  same 
manner.  ^  Then  sent  Sanballat  his  servant  unto  me  in  like  manner  the 
fifth  time  with  an  ^open  letter  in  his  hand ;  ^  wherein  was  written,  "  It 
is  reported  among  the  heathen,  and  *Gashmu  saith  it,  that  thou  and 
the  Jews  think  to  rebel ;  for  which  cause  thou  buildest  the  wall,  that 
thou  mayest  be  their  king,  according  to  these  words.  '''  And  thou  hast 
also  appointed  prophets  to  preach  of  thee  at  Jerusalem,  saying,  '  There 
is  a  king  in  Judah  ; '  and  now  shall  it  be  reported  to  the  king  according 
to  these  words.  Come  now  therefore,  and  let  us  take  counsel  together." 
^Then  I  sent  unto  him,  saying,  -'There  are  no  such  things  done  as 
thou  sayest,  but  thou  feignest  them  out  of  thine  own  heart."  ^  For 
they  all  made  us  afraid,  saying,  "  Their  hands  shall  be  weakened  from 
the  work,  that  it  be  not  done." — "  Now  therefore,  O  God,  strengthen 
my  hands." — 1°  Afterward  I  came  unto  the  house  of  Shemaiah  the  son 
of  Delaiah  the  son  of  Mehetabeel,  who  was  shut  up  ;  and  he  said, 
"  Let  us  meet  together  in  the  house  of  God,  within  the  temple,  and 
let  us  shut  the  doors  of  the  temple  ;  for  they  will  come  to  slay  thee  ; 
yea,  in  the  night  will  they  come  to  slay  thee."  ^^  And  I  said,  "  Should 
such  a  man  as  I  flee  ?  and  who  is  there,  that,  being  as  I  am,  would  go 
into  the  temple  to  save  his  life  ?  I  will  not  go  in."  ^^  And,  lo  !  I  per- 
ceived that  God  had  not  sent  him  ;  but  that  ''he  pronounced  this 
prophecy  against  me,  for  Tobiah  and  Sanballat  had  hired  him.  '^  There- 
fore was  he  hired,  that  I  should  be  afraid,  and  do  so,  and  sin,  and  that 
they  might  have  matter  for  an  evil  report,  that  they  might  reproach 
me.  ^"^  "  My  God,  think  thou  upon  Tobiah  and  Sanballat  according  to 
these  their  works,  and  on  the  'prophetess  Noadiah,  and  the  rest  of  the 
prophets,  that  would  have  put  me  in  fear." 

1=  So  the  wall  was  finished  in  the  twenty  and  fifth  day  of  the  month 
Ehil,  in  fifty  and  two  days.   ^"^  And  it  came  to  pass,  that  when  all  our 


1149 


DEDICATION  OF  THE  WALLS  OF  JERUSALEM.     [Period  VIIL 


t  Heb.  multiplied 
their  letters  pas- 
sing tu  Tobiah. 


X  Or,  vtatters. 


A.  M.   3559. 
B.  C.  445. 

a  De.  20.  5.  Pa. 

30,  title. 
b  I  Cli.  25.  6. 

2  Ch.  5.  13.  &. 

7.6. 


»  Heb.  made  their 
voice  to  be 
heard. 


enemies  heard  thereof,  and  all  the  heathen  that  were  about  us  saw 
these  thhigs,  they  were  much  cast  down  in  their  own  eyes ;  for  'they 
perceived  that  this  work  was  wrought  of  our  God. 

^^  Moreover  in  those  days  the  nobles  of  Judah  f sent  many  letters 
unto  Tobiah,  and  tiie  letters  of  Tobiah  came  unto  them.  ^^For  there 
were  many  in  Judah  sworn  unto  him,  because  he  was  the  son-in-law 
of  Shechaniah  the  son  of  Arab  ;  and  his  son  Johanan  had  taken  tiie 
daughter  of  Mcshullam  the  son  of  Berechiah.  ^'^  Also  they  reported 
his  good  deeds  before  me,  and  uttered  my  twords  to  him.  And  Tobiah 
sent  letters  to  put  me  in  fear. 

Sk.ction  III. — Dedication  of  the  Walls  of  Jerusalem. 
Nehemiah  xii.  27-43.(33) 
-■'And  at  "the  dedication  of  the  wall  of  Jerusalem  they  sought  the 
Levites  out  of  all  their  places,  to  bring  them  to  Jerusalem,  to  keep  the 
dedication  with  gladness,  ''both  with  thanksgivings,  and  with  singing, 
with  cymbals,  psalteries,  and  with  harps.  -^  And  the  sons  of  the  singers 
gathered  themselves  together,  both  out  of  the  plain  country  round 
about  Jerusalem,  and  from  the  villages  of  Netophathi ;  ^^  also  from  the 
house  of  Gilgal,  and  out  of  the  fields  of  Geba  and  Azmaveth  ;  for  the 
singers  had  builded  them  villages  round  about  Jerusalem.  ^^  x\nd  the 
priests  and  the  Levites  purified  themselves,  and  purified  the  people, 
and  the  gates,  and  the  wall.  ^^  Then  I  brought  up  the  princes  of  Judah 
upon  the  wall,  and  appointed  two  great  companies  of  them  that  gave 
thanks,  whereof  one  went  on  the  right  hand  upon  the  wall  toward  the 
dung-gate.  ^-  And  after  them  went  Hoshaiah,  and  half  of  the  princes  of 
Judah,  33  and  Azariah,  Ezra,  and  Meshullam,  ^^  Judah,  and  Benjamin, 
and  Shemaiah,  and  Jeremiah,  ^^and  certain  of  the  priests'  sons  'with 
trumpets  ;  namely,  Zechariah  the  son  of  Jonathan,  the  son  of  Shemaiah, 
the  son  of  Mattaniah,  the  son  of  Michaiah,  the  son  of  Zaccur,  the  son 
of  Asaph  ;  '^^  and  his  brethren,  Shemaiah,  and  Azarael,  Milalai,  Gilalai, 
Maai,  Nethaneel,  and  Judah,  Hanani,  with  "the  musical  instruments 
of  David  the  man  of  God,  and  Ezra  the  scribe  before  them.  ^~'  And  at 
the  fountain-gate  which  was  over  against  them,  they  went  up  by  the 
stairs  of  the  city  of  David,  at  the  going  up  of  the  wall,  above  the  house 
of  David,  even  unto  the  water-gate  eastward.  ^^  And  the  other  company 
of  them  that  gave  thanks  went  over  against  them,  and  I  after  them, 
and  the  half  of  the  people  upon  the  wall,  from  beyond  the  tower  of  the 
furnaces  even  unto  the  broad  wall ;  ^^  and  from  above  the  gate  of 
Ephraim,  and  above  the  old  gate,  and  above  the  fish-gate,  and  the  tower 
of  Hananeel,  and  the  tower  of  Meah,  even  unto  the  sheep-gate  :  and 
they  stood  still  in  the  prison-gate.  ^'^  So  stood  the  two  companies  of 
them  that  gave  thanks  in  the  house  of  God,  and  I,  and  the  half  of 
the  rulers  with  me  :  ^^  and  the  priests  ;  Eliakim,  Maasciah,  Miniamin, 
Michaiah,  Elioenai,  Zechariah,  and  Hananiah,  with  trumpets  ;  '■-  and 
Maaseiah,  and  Shemaiah,  and  Eleazar,  and  Uzzi,  and  Jehohanan. 
and  Malchijah,  and  Elam,  qnd  Ezer.  And  the  singers  'sang loud,  with 
Jezrahiah  their  overseer.  ^^  Also  that  day  they  oftered  great  sacrifices, 
and  rejoiced  ;  for  God  had  made  them  rejoice  with  great  joy.  The 
wives  also  and  the  children  rejoiced  ;  so  that  the  joy  of  Jerusalem  was 
heard  even  afar  off. 


(^=)  This  part  of  the  chapter  is  inserted  here  on 
the  united  authorities  of  Dean  Pridcau.x  and  Dr.  A. 
Clarke,  who  observe,  tliat  it  is  most  probable  the 
wall  was  dedicated  on  its  completion.  It  is  not 
likely  that,  alter  the  wall  was  finished  on  the  first 


commission  of  Nehemiah,  they  would  wait  for  an 
uncertain  period,  before  they  proceeded  to  its  dedi- 
cation.— Dr.  Clarke  in  loo. ;  Prideau.K,  vol.  ii. 
p.  525. 


A.  M.  3559. 
B.  C.  445. 


Part  III.]  SECOND  COMMISSION  OF  NEHEMIAH.  1149 

SECT.  IV.  Section  IV. — Nehuniah  returns  to  Persia. 
Nehemiah  vii.  1-4.(36) 

^  Now  it  came  to  pass,  when  the  wall  was  built,  and  I  had  set  up 
the  doors,  and  the  porters  and  the  singers  and  the  Levites  were  ap- 
pointed, ~  that  I  gave  my  brother  Hanani,  and  Hananiah  the  ruler  of 
the  palace,  charge  over  Jerusalem:  for  he  was  a  faithful  man,  and 
"feared  God  above  many.  ^  And  I  said  unto  them,  "  Let  not  the  gates 
of  Jerusalem  be  opened  until  the  sun  be  hot ;  and  while  they  stand 
by,  let  them  shut  the  doors,  and  bar  them  ;  and  appoint  watches  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Jerusalem,  every  one  in  his  watch,  and  every  one  to 
be  over  against  his  house."  *  Now  the  city  was  *large  and  great ;  but 
the  people  were  few  therein,  and  the  houses  were  not  builded. 


SECT   V        Section  V. —  The  Second  Commission  of  Nehemiah,  and  Reformation  effected 

by  him. 

A.  M.  3560  to     Nehemiah  vii.  5,  to  the  end,  viii.  to  xi.  mid  xii.  1-9,  44  to  the  end,  and  xiii.  1-3. — Psalms 

^^^'-  i.  and  cxix. 

433.  "  A  register  of  the  genealogy  of  them  which  carne  atthe  first  out  of  Babylon,  8  of  the  people,  39  of  the 
priests.  43  of  the  Levites,  46  of  the  Nethinims,  57  of  Solovion's  servants,  63  and  of  the  priests 
tvhich  could  not  find  their  pedigree.  66  The  whole  number  of  them,  with  their  substance.  70  Their 
oblations. — Chap.  viii.  1  The  religious  manner  of  reading  and  hearing  the  Law.  9  The  priests 
comfort  the  people.  13  The  forwardness  of  them,  to  hear  and  be  instructed.  16  They  keep  the 
feast  of  Tabernacles.  —  Chap.  ix.  1  A  solemn  fast,  and  repentance  of  the  people.  4  The  Levites 
make  a  religious  confession  of  God^s  goodness,  and  their  wickedness.  —  Chap.  x.  1  The  names  of 
them  that  sealed  the  covenant.  29  The  points  of  the  covenant.  —  Chap.  xi.  1  The  rulers,  volun- 
tary men,  and  the  tenth  man  chosen  by  lot,  dwell  at  Jerusalem.  3  A  catalogue  of  tli,eir  names. 
20  The  residue  dwell  in  other  ciYi'es.  — Chap.  xii.  1  The  priests,  and  the  Levites,  which  came  tip 
with  Zerubbabel.  44  The  offices  of  priests  and  Levites  appointed  in  the  temple.  —  Chap.  xiii.  1 
Upon  the  reading  of  the  Law  separation  is  made  from  the  mixed  multitude. 

5  And  my  God  put  into  my  heart  to  gather  together  the  nobles,  and 
the  rulers,  and  the  people,  that  they  might  be  reckoned  by  genealogy. 
And  I  found  a  register  of  the  genealogy  of  them  which  came  up  at  the 

aEzraii.  first,  and  found  written  therein,  ''These  "are  the  children  of  the  prov- 

ince, that  went  up  out  of  the  captivity,  of  those  that  had  been  carried 
away,  whom  Nebuchadnezzar  the  king  of  Babylon  had  carried  away, 
and  came  again  to  Jerusalem  and  to  Judah,  every  one  unto  his  city  ; 

*  Ox,  seraiaii^      ^  who  cauic  with  Zcrubbabcl,  Jeshua,  Nehemiah,  *Azariah,  Raaraiah, 

see  Ezra  2. 9.  ]>^j^j-j^j^^3,^i^  Mordecai,  Bilshau,  Mispereth,  Bigvai,  Nehum,  Baanah. 
The  number,  I  say,  of  the  men  of  the  people  of  Israel  was  this.  ^  The 
children  of  Parosh,  two  thousand  an  hundred  seventy  and  two.  ^The 
children  of  Shephatiah,  three  hundred  seventy  and  two.  '•*  The  children 
of  Arah,  si.x  hundred  fifty  and  two.  ^^The  children  of  Pahath-moab, 
of  the  children  of  Jeshua  and  Joab,  two  thousand  and  eight  hundred 
and  eighteen.  ^- The  children  of  Elam,  a  thousand  two  hundred  fifty 
and  four.  '^  The  children  of  Zattu,  eight  hundred  forty  and  five.  ^'*  The 
children  of  Zaccai,  seven  hundred  and  threescore.  ^^The  children  of 

\Ox,Bam.  fBiunui,  si.x  hundred  forty  and  eight,  i'^  The  children  of  Bebai,  six 
hundred  twenty  and  eight.  ^'The  children  of  Azgad,  two  thousand 
three  hundred  twenty  and  two.  ^^  The  children  of  Adonikam,  six  hun- 
dred threescore  and  seven.  ^^  The  children  of  Bigvai,  two  thousand 
threescore  and  seven.  ^°  The  children  of  Adin,  six  hundred  fifty  and 
five.  -1  The  children  of  Ater  of  Hezekiah,  ninety  and  eight.  ^"  The 
children  of  Hashum,  three  hundred  twenty  and  eight.  ^^  The  children 

(36)  This  passage  is  inserted  here  on  the  authority  mission  should  be  obtained,  before  he  could  proceed 
of  Prideaux,  who  observes,  that  Nehemiah,  having  to  those  duties  which  were  necessary  for  the  settling 
executed  the  chief  object  of  his  commission,  ap-  the  affairs  of  the  country.  For  this  purpose,  there- 
pointed  Hanani  and  Hananiah  governors  of  Jeru-  fore,  it  is  supposed  that  Nehemiah  went  to  Babylon, 
salem,  and  returned  himself,  according  to  a  previous  presented  himself  before  the  king,  related  to  him 
arrangement  on  his  leaving  Babylon,  to  the  king  in  the  state  of  Judffia,  and  what  was  further  necessary 
Persia.  This  nomination  "of  orovernors,  as  soon  as  to  its  regulation  and  establishment;  and  immedi- 
the  walls  were  built,  evidently  implies  that  Nehe-  ately  obtained  permission  to  return  again  to  that 
miah  delegated  his  authority  to  oth-ers.  The  build-  country.  The  shortness  of  his  absence  seems  to  be 
ing  of  the  wall  being  all  that  he  had  requested,  that  the  reason  why  no  notice  is  taken  of  it  in  the 
work  effected,  it  was  necessary  that   another  co;n-  Sncied  Text. — Prideaux,  vol.  ii.  p.  527. 


1150 

X  Or,  Jora. 
*  Or,  OMar. 


t  Or,  Azmaveth. 
t  Or,  Kirjatk- 


SECOND  COMMISSION  OF  NEHEMIAII. 


[Peuiod  VIII. 


ilCh.  24.  7. 

c  1  Ch.  24.  14. 

d  See  1  Ch.  9. 
10.  &  24.  9. 

e  1  Ch.  24.  8. 


*  Or,  Hodaviah, 
Ezra  2.  40,  or, 
Judah,  Ezra  3. 
9. 


t  Or,  Siaha. 
X  Or,  Shamlai. 


*  Or,  ^'ephusim. 
t  Or,  Bazlutft. 


I  Or,  Peruda. 


*  Or,  Jlmi. 
/Ezra  2.  59. 


t  Or,  Mdan. 
X  Or,  pediirrec. 


of  Bezai,  three  hundred  twenty  and  four.  -^  The  children  of  tHariph, 
an  hundred  and  twelve.  -^  The  children  of  *Gibeon,  ninety  and  five. 
^•^  The  men  of  Beth-Iehem  and  Netophah,  an  hundred  fourscore  and 
eight.  -"The  men  of  Anathoth,  an  hundred  twenty  and  eight.  -^The 
men  of  f  Beth-azmaveth,  forty  and  two.  -'^  The  men  of  tKirjath-jearim, 
Chephirah,  and  Beeroth,  seven  hundred  forty  and  three.  '■^'^  The  men 
of  Ramah   and  Gaba,  six  hundred  twenty  and  one.  ^^  The   men  of 


'  The  men  of  Beth-el  and 


Michmas,  an  hundred  and  twenty  and  two. 
Ai,  an  hundred  twenty  and  three.  ^^The  men  of  the  other  Nebo,  fifty 
and  two.  ^^  The  children  of  the  other  Elam,  a  thousand  two  hundred 
fifty  and  four.  ^^  The  ciiildren  of  Harim,  three  hundred  and  twenty. 
^'°  The  children  of  Jericho,  three  hundred  forty  and  five.  ^'  The  children 
of  Lod,  Hadid,  and  Ono,  seven  hundred  twenty  and  one.  ^^  The  chil- 
dren of  Senaah,  three  thousand  nine  hundred  and  thirty. 

^^  The  Priests :  the  children  of  ''Jedaiah,  of  the  house  of  Jeshua,  nine 
hundred  seventy  and  three.  ^**  The  children  of  Tmmer,  a  thousand 
fifty  and  two.  "^^  The  children  of  ''Pashur,  a  thousand  two  hundred 
forty  and  seven.  "^^  The  children  of  'Harim,  a  thousand  and  seventeen. 

"*^  The  Levites :  the  children  of  Jeshua,  of  Kadmiel,  and  of  the  chil- 
dren of  tHodevah,  seventy  and  four. 

'^^  The  Singers  :  the  children  of  Asaph,  an  hundred  forty  and  eight. 

"^^Tlie  Porters  :  the  children  of  Shallum,  the  children  of  Ater,  the 
children  of  Talmon,  the  children  of  Akkub,  the  children  of  Hatita,  the 
children  of  Shobai,  an  hundred  thirty  and  eight. 

'^^  The  Nethinims  :  the  children  of  Ziha,  the  children  of  Hashupha, 
the  children  of  Tabbaoth,  ''"  the  children  of  Keros,  the  children  of  +Sia, 
the  children  of  Padon,  '^^  the  children  of  Lebana,  the  children  of  Ha- 
gaba,  the  children  of  tShalmai.  ^'^  Tlie  children  of  Hanan,  the  chil- 
dren of  Giddel,  the  children  of  Gahar,  ^°  the  children  of  Reaiah,  the 
children  of  Rezin,  the  children  of  Nekoda,  ^^  the  children  of  Gazzarn, 
the  children  of  Uzza,  the  children  of  Phaseah,  ^-^  the  children  of  Besai, 
the  children  of  Meunim,  the  children  of  *Nephishesim,  ^^the  children 
of  Bakbuk,  the  children  of  Hakupha,  the  children  of  Harhur,  ^^  the 
children  of  tBazlith,  the  children  of  Mehida,  the  children  of  Harsha, 
^^the  children  of  Barkos,  the  children  of  Sisera,  the  children  of  Tamah, 
^^  the  children  of  Neziah,  the  children  of  Hatipha. 

^~  The  children  of  Solomon's  servants  :  the  children  of  Sotai,  the 
children  of  Sophereth,  the  children  of  tPerida,  ^*  the  children  of  Jaala, 
the  children  of  Darkon,  the  children  of  Giddel,  ^-^  the  children  of  Sheph- 
atiah,  the  children  of  Hattil,  the  ciiildren  of  Pochereth  of  Zebaim, 


the  childi 


of  *S 


mon. 


All  the  Nethinims,  and  the  childi 


of 


Solomon's  servants,  were  three  hundred  ninety  and  two.  ^'  And-^these 
were  they  which  went  up  also  from  Tel-melah,  Tel-haresha.  Cherub, 
t Addon,  and  Immer;  but  they  could  not  show  their  father's  house, 
nor  their  tseed,  whether  they  were  of  Israel.  "^-The  children  of  De- 
laiah,  the  children  of  Tobiah.  the  children  of  Nekoda,  six  hundred 
forty  and  two. 

^^  And  of  the  Priests  :  the  children  of  Habaiah,  the  children  of  Koz, 
the  children  of  Barzillai,  which  took  one  of  the  daughters  of  Barzillai 
the  Gileadite  to  wife,  and  was  called  after  their  name.  ^^  These  sought 
their  register  among  those  that  were  reckoned  by  genealogy,  but  it 
was  not  found  ;  therefore  were  they,  as  polluted,  put  from  the  priest- 
hood. ^'^  And  the  *Tirshatha  said  unto  them,  that  they  should  not  eat 
of  the  most  holy  things,  till  there  stood  up  a  priest  with  Urim  and 
Thummim. 

*'''  The  whole  congregation  together  was  forty  and  two  thousand  three 
hundred  and  threescore.  '''  besides  their  manservants  and  their  maid- 


Part  III. 


SECOND  COMMISSION  OF  NEHEMIAII. 


1151 


f  Heb.  fart. 


g  So  Ezra  2. 


j  Ezra  7.  6. 


servants,  of  whom  there  were  seven  thousand  three  hundred  thirty  and 
seven  ;  and  they  had  two  hundred  forty  and  five  singing  men  and 
singing  women.  ^®  Their  horses,  seven  hundred  thirty  and  six  ;  their 
mules,  two  hundred  forty  and  five  ;  ^'-^  their  camels,  four  hundred  thirty 
and  five  ;  six  thousand  seven  hundred  and  twenty  asses. 

™  And  tsome  of  the  chief  of  the  fathers  gave  unto  the  work.  The 
Tirshatha  gave  to  the  treasure  a  thousand  drams  of  gold,  fifty  basons, 
five  hundred  and  thirty  priests'  garments.  ''^  And  some  of  the  chief  of 
the  fathers  gave  to  the  treasure  of  the  work  ^twenty  thousand  drams 
of  gold,  and  two  thousand  and  two  hundred  pounds  of  silver.  ^-And 
that  which  the  rest  of  the  people  gave  was  twenty  thousand  drams  of 
gold,  and  two  thousand  pounds  of  silver,  and  threescore  and  seven 
priests'  garments.  ^^  So  the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  and  the  porters, 
and  the  singers,  and  some  of  the  people,  and  the  Nethinims,  and  all 
Israel,  dwelt  in  their  cities  ;  ''and  when  the  seventh  month  came,  the 
children  of  Israel  were  in  their  cities. 

1  And  all  'the  people  gathered  themselves  together  as  Nehemiah  viii. 
one  man  into  the  street  that  was  before  the  water-gate  ; 
and  they  spake  unto  Ezra  ^the  scribe  to  bring  the  Book  of  the  Law 
of  Moses,  which  the  Lord  had  commanded  to  Israel.  ^  And  Ezra'"' 


(37)  By  virtue  of  the  commission  he  had  from  tlie 
king,  and  the  powers  granted  him  thereby,  Ezra 
had  now  reformed  the  whole  state  of  the  Jewish 
Church,  according  to  the  Law  of  Moses,  in  wliich 
he  was  excellently  learned,  and  settled  it  upon  that 
foundation  upon  which  it  afterwards  stood  to  the 
time  of  our  Saviour.  The  two  chief  things  which 
he  had  to  do  were  to  restore  the  observance  of  the 
Jewish  Law,  according  to  the  ancient  approved 
usages  which  had  been  in  practice  before  the  cap- 
tivity, under  the  direction  of  the  prophets  ;  and  to 
collect  together  and  set  forth  a  correct  edition  of 
the  Holy  Scriptures  :  in  the  performance  of  both 
which,  the  Jews  tell  us,  he  had  the  assistance  of 
what  they  call  the  Great  Synagogue,  a  convention 
consisting  of  1:20  men,  who  lived  under  the  pres- 
idency of  Ezra,  and  assisted  him  in  both  these 
works.  The  truth  of  this  matter  seems  to  have 
been,  that  these  12()  men  were  principally  elders, 
who  lived  in  a  continued  succession  from  the  first 
return  of  the  Jews,  after  the  Babylonish  captivity, 
to  the  death  of  Simon  the  Just,  and  labored  in  their 
several  times,  in  the  carrying  on  of  the  two  great 
works  above  mentioned,  till  both  were  fully  com- 
pleted in  the  time  of  the  said  Simon  the  Just  (who 
was  made  high  priest  of  the  Jews  in  the  twenty-fifth 
year  after  the  death  of  Alexander  the  Great),  and 
Ezra  had  the  assistance  of  such  of  them  as  lived  in 
his  time.  But  the  whole  conduct  of  the  work,  and 
the  glory  of  accomplishing  it,  is,  by  the  Jews, 
chiefly  attributed  to  him,  under  whose  presidency, 
they  tell  us,  it  was  done.  And  therefore  they  look 
on  him  as  another  Moses  :  for  the  Law,  they  say, 
was  given  by  Moses,  but  it  was  revived  and  restored 
by  Ezra,  after  it  had  been  in  a  manner  extinguished 
and  lost  in  the  Babylonish  captivity.  And  indeed, 
by  virtue  of  that  ample  commission  which  he  had 
from  king  Artaxerxes,  he  had  an  opportunity  of 
doing  more  than  any  other  of  his  nation ;  and  he 
executed  all  the  powers  entrusted  to  him  to  the  ut- 
most, for  the  resettling  both  of  the  ecclesiastical 
and  political  state  of  the  Jews,  in  the  best  posture 
they  were  then  capable  of;  and  from  hence  his 
name  is  in  so  high  esteem  and  veneration  among 
the  Jews,  that  it  is  a  common  saying  among  their 
writers,  that  if  the  Law  had  not  been  given  by 
Moses,  Ezra  was  worthy  by  whom  it  should  have 
been  given. 

But  the  great  work  of  Ezra  was  his  collecting 
together,  and  setting  forth  a  correct  edition  of  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  which   he   labored   mucli  in,  and 


went  a  great  way  in  the  perfecting  of  it.  In  the 
time  of  Josiah,  through  the  impiety  of  the  two  pre- 
ceding reigns  of  Manasseh  and  Amon,  the  book 
of  the  Law  was  so  destroyed  and  lost,  that  besides 
that  copy  of  it  which  Hilkiah  found  in  the  temple 
(2  Kings  xxii.  8,  2  Chron.  xxxiv.  14),  there  was 
then  none  other  to  be  had  ;  for  the  surprise  which 
Hilkiah  is  said  to  be  in  at  the  finding  of  it,  and  the 
grief  which  Josiah  expressed  at  the  hearing  of  it 
read,  do  plainly  show  that  neither  of  them  had  ever 
seen  it  before.  And  if  the  king  and  the  high  priest, 
who  were  both  men  of  eminent  piety,  were  without 
this  part  of  Holy  Scripture,  it  can  scarce  be 
thought  that  any  one  else  then  had  it.  But  so  re- 
ligious a  prince  as  king  Josiah  could  not  leave  this 
long  unremedied.  By  his  order,  copies  were  forth- 
with written  out  from  this  original  ;  and  search 
being  made  for  all  the  other  parts  of  Holy  Scrip- 
ture, both  in  the  colleges  of  the  sons  of  the  proph- 
ets, and  all  other  places  where  they  could  be  found, 
care  was  taken  fi)r  transcripts  to  be  made  out  of 
these  also,  and  thenceforth  copies  of  the  whole  be- 
came multiplied  among  the  people,  all  those  who 
were  desirous  of  knowing  the  Law  of  their  God, 
either  writing  them  out  themselves,  or  procuring 
others  to  do  it  for  them.  So  that,  though  within  a 
few  years  after  the  holy  city  and  temple  were  de- 
stroyed, and  the  authentic  copy  of  the  Law,  which 
was  laid  up  before  the  Lord,  was  burned  and  con- 
sumed with  them  ;  yet  by  this  time  many  copies 
both  of  the  Law  and  the  Prophets,  and  all  the  other 
Sacred  Writings,  were  got  into  private  hands,  who 
carried  them  with  them  into  their  captivity.  That 
Daniel  had  a  copy  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  with  him 
in  Babylon  is  certain  (Dan.  ix.  11,  13)  ;  for  he 
quotes  the  Law,  and  also  makes  mention  of  the 
prophecies  of  the  prophet  Jeremiah,  (Dan.  ix.  2) ; 
which  he  could  not  do,  had  he  never  seen  tliem. 
And  in  the  sixth  chapter  of  Ezra  it  is  said,  that  on 
the  finishing  of  the  temple,  in  the  sixth  year  of 
Darius,  the  priests  and  the  Levites  were  settled  in 
their  respective  functions,  according  as  it  is  written 
in  the  Law  of  Moses.  But  how  cnuld  they  do  this 
according  to  the  written  Law,  if  they  had  not 
copies  of  that  Law  then  among  them  ?  and  this  was 
near  sixty  years  before  Ezra  came  to  Jerusalem. 
And  farther,  in  th»^  eiohtli  chapter  of  Nehcniiah, 
when  the  people  called  for  Ihe  Law  of  Moses  to 
have  it  read  to  them.  t!vy  did  not  pray  Ezra  to  get 
it  anew  dictated  unio  hin'i.  Imt  tint  he  should  bring 
forth   the  book   of  the   Law  of  Rloses,  which   the 


1152 


REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH. 


[Period  VIII. 


fcDe.  31. 11, 12.    the  priest  brought  ''the  Law  before  the  congregation  both  of  men  and 
Xneh  that  under-  ^.Q^^en,  and  all  Uhat  could   hear  with  understanding,  'upon  the  first 

stood  in  hearing.  '  i      i  •        i       r  i  i 

I  Le.  23. 24.        day  of  the  seventh  month.  ^  And  he  reaa  therein  belore  the  street  that 
V!^''."'^""'"*'     was  before  the  water-gate  *from  the  morning  until  midday,  before  the 

Ecclesiastes ;  21.  Esther  ;  22.  Daniel ;  23.  Ezra  ;  and 
24.  the  Chronicles.  Under  the  name  of  Ezra,  they 
comprehend  the  Book  of  Nehemiah :  for  the  He- 
brews, and  also  the  Greeks,  anciently  reckoned  Ezra 
and  Nehemiah  biit  as  one  book.  But  this  order 
halh  not  been  always  observed  among  the  Jews  ; 
neither  is  it  so  now  in  all  places  ;  for  there  hath  been 
great  variety  as  to  this,  not  only  among  the  Jews, 
but  also  among  the  Christians,  as  well  Greeks  as 
Latins.  But  no  variation  herein  is  of  any  moment ; 
for  in  what  order  soever  tlie  books  are  placed,  they 
are  still  the  word  of  God,  and  no  change  as  to  this 
can  make  any  change  in  that  divine  authority 
which  is  stamped  upon  them.  But  all  these  books 
were  not  received  into  the  canon  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures  in  Ezra's  time ;  for  Malachi.  it  is  sup- 
posed, lived  after  him  ;  and  in  Nehemiah  mention 
is  made  of  Jaddua  as  high  priest,  and  of  Darius 
Codomanus  as  king  of  Persia,  who  were  at  least  one 
hundred  years  after  his  time;  and  in  the  third 
chapter  of  the  First  Book  of  Chronicles,  the  geneal- 
ogy of  the  sons  of  Zerubbabel  is  carried  down  for 
so  many  generations,  as  must  necessarily  make  it 
reach  to  the  timeof  Ale.xanderthe  Great;  and  there- 
fore this  book  could  not  have  been  put  into  the  canon 
till  after  his  time.  It  is  most  likely  tliat  the  two 
Books  of  Chronicles,  Ezra,  Nehemiah,  and  Esther, 
as  well  as  Malachi,  were  afterwards  added  in  the 
time  of  Simon  the  Just,  and  that  it  was  not  till  then 
that  the  Jewish  canon  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  was 
fully  completed.  And  indeed  these  last  books 
seem  very  much  to  want  the  exactness  and  skill 
of  Ezra  in  their  publication,  they  falling  far  short 
of  the  correctness  which  is  in  the  other  parts  of  the 
Hebrew  Scriptures. 

III.  The  third  thing  which  Ezra  did  about  the 
Holy  Scriptures,  in  his  edition  of  them,  was,  that 
he  added  in  several  places  what  appeared  necessary 
for  the  illustrating,  connecting,  or  completing  of 
them  ;  wherein  he  was  assisted  by  the  same  Spirit, 
by  which  they  were  at  first  wrote.  Of  this  sort 
we  may  reckon  the  last  chapter  of  Deuteronomy, 
which,"  crivinor  an  account  of  tiie  death  and  burial 
of  Moses,  and  of  the  succession  of  Joshua  after 
him,  it  could  not  be  written  by  Moses  himself,  who 
undoubtedly  was  the  penman  of  all  the  rest  of 
that  book.  It  seems  most  probable,  that  it  was 
added  by  Ezra  at  this  time.  And  such  also  may 
we  reckon  the  several  interpolations  which  occur 
in  many  places  of  the  Holy  Scriptures.  For  that 
there  are  such  interpolations  is  undeniable  ;  there 


Lord  had  commanded  to  Israel :  which  plainly 
shows,  that  the  book  was  then  well  known  to  have 
been  extant,  and  not  to  need  such  a  miraculous  ex- 
pedient, as  that  of  a  divine  revelation,  for  its  res- 
toration ;  and  it  would  witli  many  very  much 
shock  the  faith  of  the  whole,  should  it  be  held,  that 
it  owed  its  present  being  to  such  a  revival ;  it  being 
obvious  for  skeptical  persons  in  this  case  to  object, 
that  he  who  should  be  said  thus  to  revive  it,  then 
forged  the  whole.  All  that  Ezra  did  in  this  matter, 
was  to  get  together  as  many  copies  of  the  Sacred 
Writings  as  he  could,  and,  out  of  them  all,  set 
forth  a  correct  edition  ;  in  the  performance  of  which, 
he  took  care  of  these  following  particulars  : — 

I.  Pie  corrected  all  the  errors  that  had  crept  into 
these  copies  through  the  negligence  or  mistakes  of 
transcribers ;  for,  by  comparing  them  one  with  the 
other,  he  ascertained  their  true  reading. 

II.  He  collected  together  all  the  books  of  which 
the  Holy  Scriptures  did  then  consist,  and  disposed 
them  in  their  proper  order,  and  settled  the  canon 
of  Scripture  for  this  time.  These  books  he  divided 
into  three  parts ;  Isl,  The  Law  ;  2dly,  The  Proph- 
ets ;  and  3dly,  the  Cetubim  or  Hagiography,  i.  e. 
the  Holy  Writings;  which  division  our  Saviour  him- 
self takes  notice  of  (Luke  xxiv.  44),  where  he 
saith,  "  These  are  the  words  which  I  spake  unto 
}-ou,  while  I  was  yet  with  you,  that  all  things  might 
be  fulfilled  which  are  written  in  the  Law,  and  in 
tlie  Prophets,  and  in  the  Psalms,  concerning  me." 
For  by  the  Psalms,  our  Saviour  means  the  whole 
third  part  called  the  Hagiography :  for  that  part 
beginning  with  the  psalms,  it  was  for  that  reason 
then  commonly  distinguished  by  that  title,  as 
usually  with  the  Jews  the  particular  books  are 
iiained"  from  the  words  with  which  they  begin. 
Thus  with  them,  Genesis  is  called  Btresldth — Y^xo- 
(iws.  ■'ihemoth — Leviticus,  Vajikra,&c.  because  they 
beghi  with  these  Hebrew  words.  And  Josephus 
makes  mention  of  this  same  division.  For  he  saith, 
in  his  first  book  against  Apion,  "  We  have  only 
two  and  twenty  books,  which  are  to  be  believed  as 
of  divine  authority  :  of  which  five  are  the  books  of 
Moses.  From  the  death  of  Moses,  to  the  reign  of 
Artaxerxes  the  son  of  Xerxes,  king  of  Persia,  the 
prophets,  who  were  the  successors  of  Moses,  have 
written  in  thirteen  books.  The  remaining  four 
books  contains  hymns  to  God,  and  documents  of 
life  for  the  use  of  men."  In  which  division,  accord- 
ing to  him,  the  Law  contains,  1.  Genesis  ;  2.  Exo- 
dus ;  3.  Leviticus  ;  4.  Numbers;  5.  Deuteronomy  : 
the  writings  of  the  prophets,  1.  Joshua  ;  2.  Judges, 
with  Ruth  ;  3.  Samuel ;  4.  Kings  ;  o.  Isaiah  ;  6.  Jere- 
miah, with  his  Lamentations  ;  7.  Ezekiel ;  8.  Daniel ; 
9.  the  Twelve  Minor  Prophets  ;  10.  Job  ;  11 .  Ezra  ;  12. 
Nehemiah;  13.  Esther  ;  and  the  Hagiography,  1.  the 
Psalms;  2.  the  Proverbs;  3.  Ecclesiastes;  4.  the  Song 
of  Solomon  ;  which  altogether  make  twenty-two 
books.  This  division  was  made  for  the  sake  of  re- 
ducing the  books  to  the  number  of  their  alphabet, 
in  which  are  twenty-two  letters.  But  at  present, 
the  Jews  reckon  these  books  to  be  twenty-four,  and 
dispose  of  them  in  this  order:  1st.  the  Law,  which 
contains,  1.  Genesis;  2.  Exodus;  3.  Leviticus;  4. 
Numbers  ;  5.  Deutenmomy  2dly.  the  Writings  of 
the  Prophets,  which  they  divide  into  the  former 
prophets  and  the  latter  prophets  ;  the  books  of  the 
former  prophets  are,  6  Joshua ;  7.  Judges ;  8.  Samu- 
el ;  9.  Kings  ;  and  the  books  of  the  latter  prophets 
are,  10.  Isaiah  ;  11  .Jeremiah  ;  12.  Ezekiel :  and  13.  the 
Twelve  Minor  Prophets  ;  3dly.  the  Hagioorraphy, 
which  are,  14.  the  Psalm*; ;  15.  the  Proverbs  ;  IC.  Job ; 
17.  the  Song  of  Solomon,  which  they  call  the  Song 
of  Songs;    18.   Ruth;    I'J.  the    Lamentations;   20. 


bein 


g  many  passages 


through  the  whole    Sacred 


Writ,  which  create  difficulties  that  can  never  be 
solved  without  the  allowing  of  them.  As.  for  in- 
stance. Gen.  xii.  (i,  it  is  remarked,  on  Abraham's 
coming  into  the  land  of  Canaan,  that  the  Canaan- 
ites  irere  then  in  tlie  land  ;  which  is  not  likely  to 
have  been  said  till  after  the  time  of  Moses,  when 
the  Canaanites,  being  extirpated  by  Joshua,  were 
then  no  more  in  the  land.  And  in  Gen.  xxii.  14, 
we  read,  "  As  it  is  said,  to  this  day,  in  the  mount 
of  the  Lord  it  shall  be  seen."  But  Mount  Moriah 
(which  is  the  mount  there  spoken  of)  was  not  called 
the  Mount  of  the  Lord  till  the  temple  was  built  on 
it,  many  hundred  years  after.  And  this  being  here 
spoken  of  as  a  proverbial  saying,  that  obtained 
among  the  Israelites  in  after  ages  the  whole  style 
of  the  text,  doth  manifestly  point  at  a  time  after 
Moses,  when  they  were  in  possession  of  tlie 
land  in  which  this  mountnin  stood.  And  therefore 
both  thes<-  particulars  prove  the  words  cited  to  have 
been  an  interpolation  In  Gen.  xxxvi.  3,  it  is 
vrittf  n  ;  "  And  these  are  the  kings  that  reigned  in 
t!;e  land  of  Edom,  before  there  reigned   any  king 


Part  III.] 


REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH. 


153 


t  Heb.  tovcr  of 
wood. 


men  and  the  women,  and  those  that  could  understand  ;  and  tlie  ears 
of  all  the  people  were  attentive  unto  the  Book  of  the  Law.  "•  And 
Ezra  the  scribe  stood  upon  a  tpulpit  of  wood,  which  they  had  made 
for  the  purpose  ;  and  beside  him  stood  Mattithiah,  and  Shema,  and 
Anaiah,  and   Urijah,  and  Hilkiah,  and  Maaseiah,  on  his  right  hand  ; 


over  the  land  of  Israel,"  which  could  not  have 
been  said  till  after  there  had  been  a  king  in  Israel ; 
and  therefore  they  cannot  be  Moses'  words,  but 
must  have  been  interpolated  afterwards.  Exod. 
xvi.  35,  the  words  of  the  text  are  ;  '•  And  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel  did  eat  manna  forty  years,  till  they 
came  to  a  land  inhabited.  Tliey  did  eat  manna,  till 
they  came  unto  the  borders  of  the  land  of  Canaan." 
But  Moses  was  dead  before  the  manna  ceased  ;  and 
therefore  these  cannot  be  his  words,  but  must  have 
been  inserted  afterward.  Deut.  ii.  12,  it  is  said, 
'•  The  Horims  also  dwelt  in  Seir  beforetime,  but 
the  children  of  Esau  succeeded  thein,  when  they 
had  destroyed  them  before  them  and  dwelt  in  their 
stead,  as  Israel  did  unto  the  land  of  his  possession, 
which  the  Lord  gave  unto  them,"  which  could 
not  have  been  written  by  Moses,  Israel  having  not 
till  after  his  death  entered  into  the  land  of  his 
possession,  which  the  Lord  gave  unto  them.  Deut. 
iii.  11,  it  is  said,  "  Only  Ogking  of  Bashan  remain- 
ed of  the  remnant  of  gianis;  behold,  his  bedstead 
was  a  bedstead  of  iron.  It  is  not  in  Rabbah  of  the 
children  of  Ammon  ?  "  The  whole  style  and  strain 
of  which  text,  especially  that  of  tlie  last  clause  of 
it,  plainly  speaks  it  to  have  been  written  a  long 
while  after  that  king  was  slain ;  and  therefore  it 
could  not  be  written  by  Moses,  who  died  within 
five  months  after.  In  the  sruus  chapter,  ver.  14,  it 
is  said,  ''  Jair  the  son  of  Manasseh  took  all  the 
country  of  Argob,  unto  the  coasts  of  Geshuri  and 
MaacJiathi,  and  called  them  after  his  own  name, 
Bashan-havoth-jair,  unto  this  day."  The  phrase, 
7into  this  day,  speaks  a  mucli  greater  distance  of 
time  after  the  fact  related,  than  those  few  months 
in  which  Moses  survived  after  that  conquest;  and 
therefore  what  is  there  written  must  have  been  in- 
serted by  some  other  hand  than  that  of  Moses, 
long  after  his  death.  And  in  the  book  of  Proverbs 
(which  was  certainly  king  Solomon's),  in  tlie  be- 
ginning of  the  twenty-fifth  chapter  it  is  written, 
'•  These  are  the  Proverbs  of  Solomon,  which  the 
men  of  Hezekiah  king  of  Judali  copied  out," 
which  must  certainly  have  been  added  many  ages 
after  Solomon  ;  for  Hezekiah  was  of  the  twelfth 
generation  jn  descent  from  him.  Many  more  in- 
stances of  such  interpolated  passages  might  be 
given.  For  throughout  the  wliole  Scriptures  they 
have  been  frequently  cast  in  by  way  of  parenthesis, 
where  they  have  appeared  necessary  for  the  ex- 
plaining, connecting,  or  illustrating  the  text,  or  the 
supplying  what  was  wanting  in  it.  But  those  al- 
ready mentioned  are  sufficient  to  prove  the  thing. 
Of  which  interpolations  undoubtedly  Ezra  was  the 
author,  in  all  the  books  which  passed  his  examina- 
tion ;  and  Simon  the  Just  of  all  the  rest  which  were 
added  afterwards ;  for  they  all  seemed  to  refer  to 
tliose  latter  times.  But  these  additions  do  not  de- 
tract any  thing  from  the  divine  authority  of  the 
whole,  because  they  were  all  inserted  by  the  direc- 
tion of  the  same  Holy  Spirit  whicli  dictated  all  the 
rest.  This  as  to  Ezra  is  without  dispute,  he  being 
himself  one  of  the  divine  penmen  of  the  Holy 
Scriptures;  for  he  was  most  certainly  the  writer 
of  that  book  in  the  Old  Testament  which  bears  his 
name  ;  and  is,  upon  good  grounds,  supposed  to  be 
author  of  two  more,  that  is,  of  tlie  two  Books  of 
Chronicles,  as  perchance  also  lie  was  of  the  Book 
of  Esther.  And,  if  the  books  written  by  him  be 
of  divine  authority,  why  may  not  every  thing  else 
be  so  wliich  he  hath  added  to  any  of  the  rest ;  since 
there  is  all  reason  for  us  to  suppose  that  he  was  as 
much  directed  by  the  Holy  '^;>iril  of  God  in  the 
VOL.   T.  145 


one  as  he  was  in  the  other .'  The  great  importance 
of  the  work  proves  the  thing :  for  as  it  was  neces- 
sary for  the  Church  of  God  that  this  work  should 
be  done  ;  so  also  was  it  necessary  for  the  work, 
that  the  person  called  thereto  should  be  thus  assist- 
ed in  the  completing  of  it. 

IV.  Ezra  changed  also  the  old  names  of  several 
places  that  were  grown  obsolete  ;  putting,  instead 
of  theni,  the  new  names  by  which  they  were  at 
that  time  called,  that  the  people  might  the  better 
understand  what  was  written.  Thus  Gen.  xiv.  14, 
Abraham  is  said  to  have  pursued  the  kings,  who 
carried  Lot  away  captive,  as  far  as  Dan  ;  whereas 
the  name  of  that  place  was  Laish,  till  the  Danitcs, 
long  after  tlie  death  of  Moses,  possessed  themselves 
of  it,  and  called  it,  Dan,  after  ike  najne  of  Dan  their 
father,  (Joshua  xix.  47,  Judges  xviii.  29) ;  and 
therefore  it  could  not  be  called  Dan  in  the  original 
copy  of  Moses,  but  that  name  must  have  been  put 
in  afterwards,  instead  of  that  of  Laish,  on  this  re- 
view. And  so  in  several  places  in  Genesis,  and 
also  in  Numbers,  we  find  mention  made  of  Hebron  ; 
whereas  the  name  of  that  city  was  Kirjath  Arba, 
till  Caleb,  having  obtained  the  possession  of  it  after 
the  division  of  the  land,  called  it  Hebron,  after  the 
name  of  Hebron,  one  of  his  sons  ;  and  therefore 
that  name  could  not  be  in  the  text,  till  placed  there 
long  after  the  time  of  Moses,  by  way  of  exchange 
for  that  of  Kirjath-arba,  which,  it  is  not  to  be 
doubted,  was  done  at  the  time  of  this  review.  And 
many  other  like  examples  of  this  may  be  given, 
whereby  it  appears,  that  the  study  of  those  who 
governed  the  Church  of  God  in  those  times,  was 
to  render  the  Scripture  as  plain  and  intelligible  to 
the  people  as  they  could,  and  not  to  hide  and  con- 
ceal any  of  it  from  them. 

V.  Ezra  wrote  out  the  whole  in  the  Chaldee 
character.  For  that  having  now  grown  wholly  into 
use  among  the  people  after  the  Babylonish  captivity, 
he  changed  the  old  Hebrew  character  for  it,  since 
which  time  the  Hebrew  has  been  retained  only  by 
the  Samaritans ;  among  whom  it  is  preserved  even 
to  this  day. 

But  though  Ezra's  government  over  all  Judah 
and  Jerusalem  expired  with  the  year  when  Nehe- 
miah  arrived  from  Persia,  yet  his  labor  to  serve  the 
Church  of  God  did  not  here  end  ;  for  still  he  went 
on  as  a  preacher  of  righteousness,  and  a  skilful 
scribe  of  the  law  of  God,  to  perfect  the  reformation 
which  he  had  begun,  both  in  preparing  for  the 
people  correct  editions  of  the  Scriptures,  and  also 
in  beginning  all  things  in  Church  and  state  to  be 
conformed  to  the  rules  thereof  And  this  he  con- 
tinued to  do  as  long  as  he  lived  ;  and  herein  he 
was  throughly  assisted  and  supported  by  the  gover- 
nor ;  Vv'ho  coming  to  Jerusalem  with  the  same  in- 
tention, and  the  same  zeal  for  promoting  of  the 
honor  of  God,  and  the  welfare  of  his  people  in 
Judah  and  Jerusalem,  as  Ezra  did,  he  struck  in 
heartily  with  him  in  the  work  ;  so  that  Ezra  went 
on  still  to  do  the  same  things  by  the  authority  of 
the  new  governor,  which  he  before  did  by  his  own. 
And  by  their  thus  joining  together  in  the  same  holy 
undertaking,  and  their  mutual  assisting  each  other 
therein,  it  exceedingly  prospered  in  their  hands; 
till  at  length,  notwithstanding  all  manner  of  oppo- 
sitions, botli  from  within  and  from  without,  it  was 
brought  to  full  perfection  forty-nine  years  after  it 
had  been  begun  by  Ezra.  Whether  Ezra  lived  so 
long  or  not,  is  uncertain  ;  but  what  he  did  not  live 
to  do,  was  completed  by  the  piety  and  zeal  of  his 
siiccpssor,  Neheniiah.— Pridcaux's  Connection. 

4s 


1154 


REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH. 


[Period  Vllf. 


J  Heb.  eyes, 
m  Ju.  3.  20. 


p  Ex.  4.31.  &  12. 
•27.  2  Ch.  20.  18. 


ghe.  10.  II.  De. 
33.  10.  2  Ch.  17. 
7-9.  Mai.  2.  7. 


r  Ezra  2.  63. 
*  Or,  governor. 
»2Cli,35.3. 
t  he.  23. 24.  Nuv 

29.  1. 
«  De.  16.  14,  15. 

Ec.  3.  4. 
V  Est.  9.  19,  22. 

Re.  11.  10. 


t  Or,  that  they 
miaht  instruct  in 
the  words  of  the 
Law. 

X  Heb.  by  the 
hand  of. 

IB  Le.  23.  34,  42. 
De.  16.  13. 

z  Le.  23.  4. 

y  De.  10.  16. 

I  Le.  23.  40. 


6  2Ch.  30.21. 
c  De.  31.  10,  &.C. 


d  Le.  23.  36.  Nu. 
29.  35. 


e  See  Job  2.  12. 
/•E/.ra  10.  II. 
I  Heb.  strange 


J  Or, 


and  on  his  left  hand,  Pedaiah,  and  Mishael,  and  Malchiah,  and  Haslium^ 
and  Hashbadana,  Zechariah,  and  Meshullam.  -'And  Ezra  opened  the 
book  in  tlie  Isight  of  all  the  people,  (for  he  was  above  all  the  people  ;) 
and  when  he  opened  it,  all  the  people  "'stood  up.  ^  And  Ezra  blessed 
the  Lord,  the  great  God.  And  all  the  people  "answered,  "  Amen, 
Amen,"  with  "lifting  up  their  hands  ;  and  they  ^'bowed  their  heads,  and 
worshipped  the  Loud  with  their  faces  to  the  ground.  "^  Also  Jeslma, 
and  Bani,  and  Sherebiah,  Jamin,  Akkub,  Shabbethai,  Hodijah,  Maa- 
seiah,  Kelita,  Azariah,  Jozabad,  Hanan,  Pelaiah,  and  the  Levites^ 
'caused  the  people  to  understand  the  Law ;  and  the  pe<iple  stood  in 
their  place.  ^  So  they  read  in  the  book  in  the  law  of  God  distinctly, 
and  gave  the  sense,  and  caused  them  to  understand  the  reading. 

^  And  '^Nehemiah,  which  is  the  *Tirshatha,  and  Ezra  the  priest  the 
scribe,  'and  the  Levites  that  taught  the  people,  said  unto  all  the  people, 
"  This  'day  is  holy  unto  the  Lord  your  God  ;  "mourn  not,  nor  weep." 
For  all  the  people  wept,  when  they  heard  the  words  of  the  Law. 
^^Then  he  said  unto  them,  "Go  your  way,  eat  the  fat,  and  drink  the 
sweet,  "and  send  portions  unto  them  for  whom  nothing  is  prepared, 
for  this  day  is  holy  unto  our  Lord  ;  neither  be  ye  sorry,  for  the  joy  of 
the  Lord  is  your  strength."  ^^  So  the  Levites  stilled  all  the  people, 
saying,  ■'•  Hold  your  peace,  for  the  day  is  holy  ;  neither  be  ye  grieved." 
^^And  all  the  people  went  their  way  to  eat,  and  to  drink,  and  to  send 
portions,  and  to  make  great  mirth,  because  they  had  understood  the 
words  that  were  declared  unto  them. 

^^And  on  the  second  day  were  gathered  together  the  chief  of  the 
fathers  of  all  the  people,  the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  unto  Ezra  the 
scribe,  even  fto  understand  the  words  of  tlie  Law.  '''  And  they  found 
written  in  the  Law  which  the  Lord  had  commanded  tby  Moses,  that 
the  children  of  Israel  should  dwell  in  '"booths  in  the  feast  of  the  seventh 
month  ;  '-^and  ""that  they  should  publish  and  proclaim  in  all  their  cities, 
and  ^in  Jerusalem,  saying,  "Go  forth  unto  the  mount,  and  "" fetch  olive 
branches,  and  pine  branches,  and  myrtle  branches,  and  palm  branches, 
and  branches  of  thick  trees,  to  make  booths,  as  it  is  written." 

^^'  So  the  people  went  forth,  and  brought  them,  and  made  themselves 
booths,  every  one  upon  the  "roof  of  his  house,  and  in  their  courts,  and 
in  the  courts  of  the  house  of  God,  and  in  the  street  of  the  water-gate, 
and  in  the  street  of  the  gate  of  Ephraim.  ^"^And  all  the  congregation 
of  tliem  that  were  come  again  out  of  the  captivity  made  booths,  and 
sat  under  the  booths  ;  for  since  the  days  of  Jeshua  the  son  of  Nun 
unto  that  day  had  not  the  children  of  Israel  done  so.  And  there  was 
very  ''great  gladness.  '^Also  ''day  by  day,  from  the  first  day  unto  the 
last  day,  he  read  in  the  Book  of  the  Law  of  God.  And  they  kept  the 
feast  seven  days  ;  and  on  the  eighth  day  was  *a  solemn  assembly, 
''according  unto  the  manner. 

^  Now  in  the  twenty  and  fourth  day  of  this  month  the  Nehemiah  ix. 
children  of  Israel  were  assembled  with  fasting,  and  with 
sackclothes,  'and  earth  upon  them.  ^  And  ^the  seed  of  Israel  separated 
themselves  from  all  tstrangers,  and  stood  and  confessed  their  sins,  and 
the  iniquities  of  their  fathers.  ^And  they  stood  up  in  their  place,  and 
read  in  the  Book  of  the  Law  of  the  Lord  their  God  one  fourth  part 
of  the  day  ;  and  another  fourth  part  they  confessed,  and  worshipped 
the  Lord  their  God. 

''Then  stood  up  upon  the  tstairs,  of  the  Levites,  Jesliua,  and  Bani, 
Kadmiel,  Shebaniaii.  Buimi,  Sherebiah,  Bani,  and  Chcnani,  and  cried 
with  a  loud  voice  unto  the  Lord  their  God.  •''  Then  the  I^evites,  Jeshua, 
and  Kadmiel,  Bani,  Hashabniah,  Sherebiah,  Hodijah,  Shebaniah,  and 
Pethahiah,  said, — 


A2Ki.  19.  ]5,  19. 
Is.  37.  IG,  -20. 
i  Ge.  1.  1.  De.  10 


«  See  Ge.  12.  7. 


Part  III]  REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH.  1155 

"Stand  up  and  bless  the  Lord  your  God  for  ever  and  ever:  and 

gich.-29.i3.      blessed  be  °thy  glorious  name,  which  is  exalted  above  all  blessing  and 

praise.  *"  Thou,  ''even  thou,  art  Lord  alone  ;  'thou  hast  made  heaven,  the 

heaven  of  heavens,  with  ^all  their  host,  the  earth,  and  all  things  thnt 

are  therein,  the  seas,  and  all  that  is  therein,  and  thou  preservest  them 

all ;  and  the  host  of  heaven  worshippeth    thee.  '  Thou  art  the  Lord 

the   God,  who  didst   choose  ^Abram,  and   broughtest  him  forth  out 

of   Ur    of   the    Chaldees,  and  gavest  him  the    name    of  'Abraham ; 

^  and  foundest  his  heart  '"faithful  before  thee,  and  madest  "a  covenant 

with  him  to  give  the  land  of  the  Canaanites,  the  Hittites,  the  Amor- 

ites,  and  the  Perizzites,  and  the   Jebusites,   and  the   Girgashites,  to 

o  Jos.  23. 14.        give  it,  I  say,  to  his  seed,  and  °hast  performed  thy  words  ;  for  thou  art 

J,  Ex. -3. 7.  righteous;  '•'and  ''didst   see  the  affliction    of   our    fathers    in    Egypt, 

9Ex.  14. 10.        ^^^  'heardest  their  cry  by  the  Red  Sea;  ^^and   "showedst  signs  and 

wonders  upon  Pharaoh,  and  on  all  his  servants,  and  on   all    the  peo- 

*Ex.  18. 11.        pie  of  his  land;  for   thou  knewest   that   they  'dealt   proudly  against 

MV4!ii' 30^'  them.     So  didst  thou  'get  thee  a  name,  as  it  is  this  day.  "And  "thou 

•20:  Da.  9."  15.'     didst    divide  the   sea  before  them,  so    that  they  went    through    the 

"av^s.^"  ^^' ^^'  midst   of   the    sea    on    the    dry    land  ;     and    their   persecutors    thou 

V  Ex.  15. 5, 10.     threwest  into  the  deeps,  "as  a  stone  into  the  mighty  waters.    ^^  More- 

w  See  Ex.  13. 21.  Qvcr  "thou  Icddcst  tlicm  in  the   day  by  a   cloudy  pillar,  and   in   the 

night  by  a  pillar  of  fire,  to  give  them  light  in  the  way  wherein  they 

^^Ex.  19.20.  &     should  go.  i^Thou  ''camest  down  also  upon  Mount  Sinai,  and  spakest 

.  with  them  from  heaven,  and  gavest  them  ''right  judgments,  and  *true 

laws,  good   statutes  and  commandments ;   ^"^  and  madest  known  unto 

truth.'. """"' "'       them  thy  ''holy  Sabbath,  and  commandedst  them  precepts,  statutes,  and 

'     "~  ^  '^       laws,  by  the  hand  of  Moses  thy  servant ;   ^^  and  "gavest  them  bread  from 


12. 
Heb.  liLWs  of 


I  See  Ge.  2.  3. 
a  Ex.  16.  14,  15. 


b  Ex.  17.  6.  Nu 
20.  9,  &c. 
«  De.  1.  8. 


Jo!  6.31.  '    ■    heaven   for   their  hunger,   and  ''broughtest  forth  water  for  them  out 

of  the  rock  for  their  thirst,  and  promisedst  them  that  they  should  'go 

in  to  possess  the   land  which  thou  hadst  tsworn  to  give  them.   ^^  But 

^^atdtTgaV'"^  they  and  our  fathers   dealt   proudly,  and  "hardened  their  necks,  and 

<Af/«.  Nu.14.30.  hearkened  not  to  thy  commandments,  ^"^and  refused  to  obey,  neither 

*'2"Ki.  ^.^4.       were  mindful  of  thy  wonders  that  thou  didst  among  them  ;  but  hard- 

2  ch^3o.  8.  Je.    gj^gj  ^Yie\v  necks,  and  4n  their  rebellion  appointed  'a  captain  to  return 

a  Or,  appointed  a  to  their  boudagc.      But  thou  art  a   God   tready  to  pardon,  ■''gracious 

to'lheir'bomiage  and   mcrciful,  slow  to  anger,  and   of  great  kindness,  and  forsookest 

el.^lT'i''^'^'    them  not.   ^^  Yea,  ^vhen  they  had  made  them  a  molten  calf,  and  said, 

\  Heb.ofjmrdons.  '  This  Is  thy  God  that  brought  thee  up  out  of  Egypt,'  and  had  wrought 

^l4^ls.^■Jo■ef2!■     gi'eat   provocations  ;    ^^  yet  thou  in   thy  manifold   mercies   forsookest 

J3-    '       "      them  not  in  the  wilderness.     The  ''pillar  of  the  cloud  departed  not 

hsee  Ex.^i"3. 21.  ^fom  them  by  day,  to  lead  them  in  the  way  ;    neither  the  pillar  of  fire 

by  night,  to  show  them  light,  and   the   way  wherein  they  should  go. 

*63"'ii''^^'^''     ^"Thou  gavest  also  thy  'good  Spirit  to  instruct  them,  and  withheldest 

j Ex.  16. 15.  Jos.  not   thy^manna  from  their  mouth,  and  gavest  them  'water  for  their 

/^f  j7  g  thirst.  21  Yea,  'forty  years  didst  thou  sustain  them  in  the  wilderness,  so 

iBe.2.7.  that  they  lacked  nothing;  their  '"clothes   wa.xed  not  old,  and  their 

mDe.8.4.  &29.  feet  swcllcd  not.  22  Moreover  thou  gavest  them  kingdoms  and  nations, 

^"  and  didst  divide   them  into  corners  ;  so   they  possessed  the  land  of 

nNu.2i.  21,  &c.  "gihon,  and  the  land  of  the  king  of  Heshbon,  and  the  land  of  Og  king 

oGe.22.17.        of  Bashan.  ^3  Their  "children  also   multipliedst  thou   as  the  stars  of 

heaven,  and  broughtest  them   into  the  land   concerning  which  thou 

hadst  promised   to  their  fathers,  that   they  should  go  in  to  possess  it. 

p  Jos.  1. 2,  &.C.     24g(jPthe   children   went  in  and  possessed  the  land,  and    thou  sub- 

duedst  before  them  the  inhabitants  of  the  land,  the  Canaanites,  and 

gavest  them  into  their  hands,  with  their  kings,  and  the  people  of  the 

*^thHrwuf"^  land,  that  thev  might  do  with  them  *as  they  would.  "^  And  they  took 


1156  REFORMATION  BY  NEHKMIAH.  [Period  VIII. 

5 Nu.  13. 27.  De.  stroiig  citics,  and  a  fat  land,  and  possessed  "houses  full  of  all  goods, 
e!  '  '  ''  '  twells  digged,  vineyards,  and  oliveyards,  and  tfruit  trees  in  abundance  ; 
f  Or'LVr«*  so  they  did  eat,  and  were  filled,  and  'became  fat,  and  delighted  them- 
tiieb.Vee7of  sclvesin  thy  great  goodness.  -^  ]\jevertheless  'they  were  disobedient, 
s^De'32  15  ^^^  rebelled'  against  thee,  and  "cast  thy  Law  behind  their  backs,  and 
t  Ju!'2.  i],^k  slew  thy  "prophets  which  testified  against  them  to  turn  them  to  thee, 
u  I  Ki.  14. 9.  and  they  wrought  great  provocations.  -''  Therefore  "thou  deliveredst 
'19.^0. 9%h.  14.  them  into  the  hand  of  their  enemies,  who  vexed  them  ;  and  in  the 
37' Arvli^'  t'"^®  ^^  ^'^^•'"  trouble,  when  they  cried  unto  thee,  thou  heardest  them 
M Ju. 2. 14. & 3.  from  heaven;  and  according  to  thy  manifold  mercies  ^thou  gavest 
/jJ*'2i8&3  ^'^®'"  saviours,  who  saved  them  out  of  the  hand  of  their  enemies. 
\  '  '  '  '28  gy^  j^fjgf  |_j^gy  jj^jj  ^ggj  tl^py  *(ji(j  gvi[  again  before  thee  ;  therefore 
*Heb  retun,edto  igftest  thou  them  in  the  hand  of  their  enemies,  so  that  they  had  the 

do  evil,  bo  Ju.  3.  i  i  •      1  i 

11, 12, 30.  & 4.    dominion  over  them.     Yet  when  they  returned,  and  cried  unto  thee, 
1!      ■    ■      ■   thou  heardest  them    from   heaven,  and  many  times  didst  thou  deliver 
them  according  to  thy  mercies;  -^  and  testifiedst  against  them,  that 
thou  mightest  bring  them  again  unto  thy  Law.     Yet  they  dealt  proudly, 
and  hearkened  not  unto  thy  commandments,  but  sinned  against   thy 
^20^11  Vo  fo"     judgments,  (which  ^if  a  man  do,  he  shall  live  in  them  ;)  and  fwith- 
5.  Gd.  3. 12. '     drew   the   shoulder,  and   hardened    their  neck,  and   would    not  hear. 
^  "'!?A&r«T    ^"  Yet  many  years  didst  thou  tforbear  them,  and   testifiedst  "against 
«wder,zec! 7.  ^hcm  by  thy   Spirit  in   *thy  prophets;  yet  would  they  not  give  ear: 
t  Heb.  protract     "therefore  gavest  thou  them  into  the  hand  of  the  people  of  the  lands. 
over  them.  31  jN^gygrtheless  for  thy   great  mercies'   sake  ''thou    didst    not  utterly 

^2^ch.' 36.' 15!  Je.  consume  them,  nor  forsake  them  ;  for  thou  art  a  gracious  and  merciful 
*H^  utehand  ^^^-  ^'~  ^^^^'  therefore  our  God,  the  great,  the  ^mighty,  and  the  ter- 
of  thy  prophets,  rlblc  God,  who  keepest  covenant  and  mercy,  let  not  all  the  ttrouble 
fvJ^l'.u^^'  seem  little  before  thee,  that  hath  Icome  upon  us,  on  our  kings,  on 
^^J^^'^^^'^  our  princes,  and  on  our  priests,  and  on  our  prophets,  and  on  our 
V.'  ■  ■  ■  fathers,  and  on  all  thy  people,  ''since  the  time  of  the  kings  of  Assyria 
Vo^is.^^*^^'  unto  this  day.  ^^  Howbeit 'thou  art  just  in  all  that  is  brought  upon 
c Ex.  34. 6, 7.  us  ;  for  thou  hast  done  right,  but  %e  have  done  wickedly.  ^'•^  Neither 
tHeb.  weariness.  jja,ve  our  kiugs,  our  princcs,  our  priests,  nor  our  fathers,  kept  thy  law, 
\^K\fiTt^'  no*"  hearkened  unto  thy  commandments  and  thy  testimonies,  where- 
eDa.9. 14.  Pa.  With  thou  didst  testify  against  them.  ^^  For  they  have  °not  served  thee 
/D^! 9.^5, 6, 8.  in  their  kingdom,  and  in  thy  great  goodness  that  thou  gavest  them, 
^De.28.'47.  and  in  the  large  and  fat  land  which  thou  gavest  before  them,  neither 
A De. 28. 48.  Ezra  tumcd  they  froiii  their  wicked  works.  ^^  Behold, ''we  are  servants  this 
day,  and  for  the  land  that  thou  gavest  unto  our  fathers  to  eat  the  fruit 
iDe.28.33,  51.  tj^gj-g^f  ^^^^  ^j^g  „q^^  thereof,  behold,  we  are  servants  in  it  !  3<  And  'it 
yieldeth  much  increase  unto  the  kings  whom  thou  hast  set  over  us  be- 
ji.e.2S.  1/.  cause  of  our  sins  ;  also  they  have  dominion  over  our  bodies,  and  over 
our  cattle,  at  their  pleasure,  and  we  are  in  great  distress.  ^^  And  be- 
*-?r.^''^  in  .     cause  of  all   this  we  *make   a   sure  covenant,  and  write  it ;   and   our 

2  Ch.  29.  10.  &  .  .  .  it         1  •     >> 

34. 31.  Ezra  10.    priuces,  Lcvitcs,  and  priests,    seal  unto  it. 

*  Heb.  are  «t t/w        ^  Now  fthosc  that  scalcd  were,  Nehemiah,  the  ITirsha-    Nehemiah  .x. 

Taut "''         ^'^^'  ^^^  ^^^^  ^^  Hachaliah,  and  Zidkijah,  ~  Seraiah,  Azariah, 

CvL^'attheseau  Jeremiah,  ^  Pashur,  Amariah,  Malchijah,  "*  Hattush,  Shebaniah,  Malluch, 
^Harim,  Meremoth,  Obadiah,  ''Daniel,  Ginnethon,  Baruch,  '  Meshul- 
1am,  Abijah,  Mijamin,  *^  Maaziah,  Bilgai,  Shemaiah  ;  tliese  were  the 
priests.  ^  And  the  Levites  :  both  Jeshua  the  son  of  Azaniah,  Binnui 
of  the  sons  of  Henadad,  Kadmiel  ;  "'and  their  brethren,  Shebaniah, 
Hodijah,  Kelita,  Pelaiah.  Hanaii,  "  Micha,  Rehob,  Hashabiah.  '-  Zaccur, 
Sherebiah,  Shebaniaii,  ^^  Hodijah.  Bani.  Beninu.  '^  The  chief  of  the 
people  :  'Parosh,  Pahath-moab,  Elam,  Zatthu,  Bani,  '"^  Bunni,  Azgad, 
Bebai,  ''^Adonijah,  Bigvai,  Adin,  *' Ater.  Hizkijah,  Azzur,  i*^  Hodijah, 
Hashum,  Bezai",  '^  Hariph,  Anathoth,  Nebai,  ^^  Magpiash,  Meshullam, 


ings. 
J  Or,  governor. 


Part  III.]  REFORMATION  BY  NEHEIVIIAH.  1157 

Hezir,  -^  Meshezabeel,  Zadok,  Jaddua,  '^- Pelatiah,  Hanan,  Anaiah, 
23  Hoshea,  Hananiah,  Hashub,  ^^  Hallohesh,  Pileha,  Sliobek,  -^  llehum, 
Hashabnah,  Maaseiah,  -^and  Ahijah,  Hanan,  Anan, -' Malluch,  Harim, 
Baanah. 
m  Ezra  2. 3i>-43.  ^8  ^nd  '"the  TCst  of  the  pcoplc,  the  priests,  the  Levites,  the  porters, 
n  Ezra  9.  i.&io.  ^j^g  singers,  the  Nethinims,  "and  all  they  that  had  separated  themselves 
from  the  people  of  the  lands  unto  the  Law  of  God,  their  wives,  their 
sons,  and   their  daughters,  every  one  having  knowledge,  and  having 

0  De.  29. 12, 14.  understanding;  ^Hhey  clave  to  their  brethren,  their  nobles,  and  "en- 
/2'ki.'23.^3!'  tered  into  a  curse,  and  into  an  oath,  ^to  walk  in  God's  law,  which  was 
*^Hei,'  tZ'       given  *by  Moses  the  servant  of  God,  and  to  observe  and  do  all  the 

haud'o/  "        commandments  of  the  Lord  our  Lord,  and  his  judgments  and  his  stat- 
9  Ex.  34. 16.  De.   utcs  ;  3"  and  that  we  would  not  give  'our  daughters  unto  the  people 
7^3.  Ezra  9. 12,  ^^  ^j^'^  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^j,^  ^j^^-^  daughters  for  our  sons  ;  ^i  and  '"if  the  people 
r  See  Ge.  2. 2, 3.  ^f  the  land  bring  ware  or  any  victuals  on  the  Sabbath  day  to  sell,  that 
we  would  not  buy  it  of  them  on  the  Sabbath,  or  on  the  holy  day  ;  and 
^  De.  15. ),  2.       that  we  would  leave  the  seventh  year,  and  the  'exaction  of  every  tdebt. 
tueh.band.         ^^  Ji\so  vvc  made  ordinances  for  us,  to  charge  ourselves  yearly  with  the 
third  part  of  a  shekel  for  the  service  of  the  house  of  our  God  ;  ^3  for 
'the  showbread,  and  for  the  "continual  meat  offering,  and  for  the  con- 
tinual burnt  offering,  of  the  Sabbaths,  of  the  new  moons,  for  the  set 
feasts,  and  for  the  holy  things,  and  for  the  sin  offerings  to  make  an 
atonement  for  Israel,  and  for  all  the  work  of  the  house  of  our  God. 
34  And  we  cast  the  lots  among  the  priests,  the  Levites,  and  the  people, 
c  Is.  40. 16.         "for  the  wood  offering,  to  bring  it  into  the  house  of  our  God,  after  the 
houses  of  our  fathers,  at  times  appointed  year  by  year,  to  burn  upon 
,oLe.6. 12.         the  altar  of  the  Lord  our  God,  (as  '"it  is  written  in  the  Law  ;)  35  and 

1  Ex.  23. 19.  &  ^to  brinff  the  firstfruits  of  our  ground,  and  the  firstfruits  of  all  fruit  of 
23.'  mhl'.  V2.    all  trees'^  year  by  year,  unto  the  house  of  the  Lord  ;  ^^  also  the  first- 

,/eV^?3^^  12,  born  of  our  sons,  and  of  our  cattle,  (as  "it  is  written  in  the  Law,)  and 
ST'l^uSfs'  the  firstlings  of  our  herds  and  of  our  flocks,  to  bring  to  the  house  of 
i«-    "'    '    '     our  God,  unto  the  priests  that  minister  in  the  house  of  our  God  ;  3"^  and 

"is^if  &V^2  'that  we  should  bring  the  firstfruits  of  our  dough,  and  our  offerings, 
i^c.^Def^is^.^l  and  the  fruit  of  all  manner  of  trees,  of  wine  and  of  oil,  unto  the  priests, 

al'e%  30  Nu   to   the  cliambcrs  of  the   house  of  our  God  ;  and  "the  tithes  of  our 


t  Le.  24.  5,  &c. 

2  Ch.  2.  4. 
u  See  Nu.  xxviii. 

&.  xxix. 


18.  21,  &c. 


2  Ch.  31.  12. 


round  unto  the  Levites,  that  the  same  Levites  might  have  the  tithes 

m  all  the  cities  of  our  tillage.  3s  And  the  priest  the  son  of  Aaron  shall 
b  Nu.  18. 96.  be  with  the  Levites,  ^when  the  Levites  take  tithes  ;  and  the  Levites 
c  1  Ch.  9.26.  shall  bring  up  the  tithe  of  the  tithes  unto  the  house  of  our  God,  to  'the 
^  ^^'  ^''  ^^'  chambers,  into  the  treasure  house.  ^'^  For  the  children  of  Israel  and  the 
dDe.  12. 6, 11.     children  of  Levi  'shall  bring  the  oflering  of  the  corn,  of  the  new  wine, 

and  the  oil,  unto  the  chambers,  where  are  the  vessels  of  the  sanctuary, 

and  the  priests   that  minister,  and  the  porters,  and  the  singers  ;  and 

we  will  not  forsake  the  house  of  our  God. 

1  And  the  rulers  of  the  people  dwelt  at  Jerusalem  ;  the  Nlhemiah  xi. 

rest  of  the  people  also  cast  lots,  to  bring  one  of  ten  to 
e  iMat.  4. 5. &  27.  dwcll  in  Jerusalem  'the  holy  city,  and  nine   parts   to   dwell   in    other 
/ju.5.9.  cities.  2  And  the  people  blessed  all  the  men,  that  -^willingly  offbred 

themselves  to  dwell  at  Jerusalem. 
g  1  Ch.  9.2,3.  3  jvjow  ^these  are  the  chief  of  the  province  that  dwelt  in  Jerusalem  ; 

but  in  the  cities  of  Judah  dwelt  every  one  in  his  possession  in  their 
AEzra2.43.  citics,  to  wit,  Isracl,  the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  and  'the  Nethinims, 
iEzra2.55.        and  Hhc  children  of  Solomon's  servants.  "  And  'at  Jerusalem  dwelt 


Ch.  9.  3.&C. 


certain  of  the  children  of  Judah,  and  of  the  children  of  Benjamin.  Of 
the  children  of  Judah  ;  Athaiah  the  son  of  Uzziah,  the  son  of  Zccha- 
riah,  the  son  of  Amariah,  the  son  of  Shephatiaii,  the  son  of  Mahalaleel, 
''pharf^^'        of  the  children  of  Terez  ;  ^  and  Maaseiah  the  son  of  Baruch,  the  son 


1158  REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH.  [P^.riod  VIII. 

of  Col-hozefi,  the  son  of  Hazaiah,  the  son  of  Adaiah,  the  son  of  Joiarib, 
the  son  of  Zechaiiah,  the  son  of  Sliiloni.  ^  All  the  sons  of  Perez  that 
dwelt  at  Jerusalem  were  four  hundred  threescore  and  eight  valiant 
men.  ''  And  these  are  the  sons  of  Benjamin  ;  Sallu  the  son  of  Me- 
shullam,  the  son  of  Joed,  the  son  of  Pedaiah,  the  son  of  Kolaiah,  the 
son  of  Maaseiah,  the  son  of  Ithiel,  the  son  of  Jesaiah.  ^  And  after  him 
Gabbai,  Sallai,  nine  hundred  twenty  and  eight.  ^  And  Joel  the  son  of 
Zichri  was  their  overseer  ;  and  Judah  the  son  of  Senuah  was  second 

z I ch. 9.  10, &c.  over  the  city.  ^"Of  'the  priests:  Jedaiah  the  son  of  Joiarib,  Jachin. 
^^  Seraiah  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  the  son  of  MeshuUam,  the  son  of  Zadok, 
the  son  of  Meraioth,  the  son  of  Ahitub,  was  the  ruler  of  the  house  of 
God.  ^'^  And  their  brethren  that  did  the  work  of  the  house  were  eight 
hundred  twenty  and  two :  and  Adaiah  the  son  of  Jeroham,  the  son  of 
Pelaliah,  the  son  of  Amzi,  the  son  of  Zechariah,  the  son  of  Pashur,  the 
son  of  Malchiah,  ^^  and  his  brethren,  chief  of  the  fathers,  two  hundred 
forty  and  two :  and  Amashai  the  son  of  Azareel,  the  son  of  Ahasai, 
the  son  of  Meshillemoth,  the  son  of  Immer,  ^"^  and  their  brethren, 
mighty  men  of  valor,  an  hundred  twenty  and  eight :  and  their  overseer 

I  Or,  of  Hag ffedo-  vvas  Zabdicl,  the  son  tof  one  of  the  great  men.  ^^  Also  of  the  Levites: 
Shemaiah  the  son  of  Hashub,  the  son  of  Azrikam,  the  son  of  Hashabiah, 
the  son  of  Bunni ;   ^^'and  Shabbethai  and  Jozabad,  of  the  chief  of  the 

*  Heb. wtre o«er.  Lcvitcs,  *had  the  oversight  of  '"the  outward  business  of  the  liouse  of 
mich.26.29.     Q^j    H  And  Mattauiali  the  son  of  Micha,  the  son  of  Zabdi,  the  son 

of  Asaph,  was  the  principal  to  begin  the  thanksgiving  in  prayer:  and 
Bakbukiah  the  second  among  his  brethren,  and  Abda  the  son  of 
Shammua,  the  son  of  Galal,  the  son  of  Jeduthun.  ^^All  the  Levites 
in  the   holy  city  were   two  hundred   fourscore  and  four.  ^^  Moreover 

tmh.  at  tiiB  the  porters,  Akkub,  Talmon,  and  their  brethren  that  kept  tthe  gates, 
were  an  hundred  seventy  and  two. 

^°  And  the  residue  of  Israel,  of  the  priests,  and  the  Levites,  were  in 
all  the  cities  of  Judah,  every  one  in  his  inheritance.  ^'  But  the  Nethi- 

X  Or,  the  tower,  nims  dwclt  in  lOphel :  and  Ziha  and  Gispa  were  over  the  Nethinims. 
^^  The  overseer  also  of  the  Levites  at  Jerusalem  was  Uzzi  the  son  of 
Bani,  the  son  of  Hasiiabiah,  the  son  of  Mattaniah,  the  son  of  Micha. 
Of  the  sons  of  Asaph,  the  singers  were  over  the  business  of  the  house 

"o'^&T^")  &e'    °^  God.  2^  For  "it  was  the  king's  conmiandment  concerning  them,  that 

*  Or,  to  a  sure  *a  ccrtaiu  portiou  sliould  be  for  the  singers,  due  for  every  day.  '^'*  And 
orduumce  Petliahiah  the  son  of  Meshezabeel,  of  the  children  of  "Zerah  the  son  of 

0  Ge.  38.  30,  Za-     »      i     i        »  i        i  •        i      i  i    •  ii  •  i  i 

rah.  Judah,  'was  at  the  kmg  s  hand  m  all  matters  concernmg  tlie  people. 

^23.^a3.^^'^^"'^  ^^  And  for  the  villages,  with  their  fields,  some  of  the  children  of  Judah 

9  Jos.  14.  ]-).        dwelt  at  'Kirjath-arba,  and  in  the  villages  thereof,   and  at  Dibon,  and 

in  the  villages  thereof,  and  at  Jekabzeel,  and  in   the  villages  thereof, 

^'^and  at  Jeshua,  and  at  Moladah,  and  at  Beth-phelet,  ^"^  and  at  Hazar- 

shual,  and  at  Beer-sheba,  and  in  the  villages  thereof,  -^and  at  Ziklag, 

^  Or,  of  Grba.       ^ud  at  Mekouah,  and  in  the  villages  thereof,  ^^and  at  En-rimmon,  and 

tor,toMkh,na.h.  at  Zarcah,  and  at  Jarmuth,  ^"  Zanoah,  Adullam,  and  in  their  villages, 

1  Ezra  2  /^s       ^^  Lacliish,  aud  the  fields  thereof,  at  Azekah,  and  in  the  villages  there- 

*  Or,  Meiicu,vcT.  of.  Aud  they  dwelt  from  Beer-sheba  unto  the  valley  of  Hinnom. 
t  Or,  skebunia',,    ^^  ^"''^   children  also   of  Benjamin  f  from   Geba   dwelt  tat  Michmash, 

vnr!  14.  '  and  Aija,  and  Beth-el,  and  in  their  villages,  ^'-and  at  Anathoth,  Nob, 
i  Or,  uurua,  v.r.  ^naniah.  ^=»Hazor,  Ramah,  Gittaim,  ^'  Hadid,  Zeboim,  Neballat,  ^^  Lod, 
*or,.Mer.i:ot'i,  aucl  Oiio,  ' thc  vallcy  of  craftsmen.  ^^  And  of  the  Levites  were  divis- 
fOr,nl,.,r;k„n,    i*^'"^  •"  J'ldah,  and  in  Benjamin. 

"''■  '  •  '  '  Now  tiujso  are  the  priests  and  the  Levites  that  went  Nehf.miah  xii. 
l'>;!wLf!i  "P  "'"'fi  Zcrubbabel  the  son  of  Shealticl,  and  Jeshua:  ^-0,44,  to  end. 
'i':  '  Seraiah,  Jeremiah,  Ezra,  ~  Aniariah,  *Malluch,  Hattush,  =*  IShechaniah, 
tRehum,  'Meremoth,  '  Iddo,  fGinnetho,  'Abijah,  ^  IMiamin,  *Maadiah, 


i;r.  1/ 


Part  III.] 


t  Or,  Sallai,  ver 


%  That  is,  the 
p.<alm.i  ofthai(k^- 


i2Ch.  13.  11,10. 


*  That  is,  ap- 
pointed by  the 
law. 

t  Hob. /or  fAe  Jul/ 
of  Jadah. 

X  Heb.  stood. 

w  1  Ch.  XXV.  &. 
xx\  i. 

X  2  Ch.  29.  30. 


y  Nu.  18.  21,  24. 
*  That  is,  set 

apart. 

1  Nu.  18.  26. 
I  Heb.  there  was 

read.  De.  31.  11, 

1-2.  -2  Ki.  23.  2. 

Is.  34.  16. 
%  Heb.  ears. 
a  De.  23.  3,  4. 
i  Nu.  22.  5.  Jos. 

24.  9,  10. 
cNu.  23.  11.  & 

24.  10.  De.  23. 5. 


A.  M.  about 

3560. 
B.  C.  about 


a  Jo.  13.  17. 

*  Or,  wicked. 


REFORMATION  BY  NEIIEMIAII. 


1159 


Bilcah,  ^  Sliemaiah,  and  Joiarib,  Jedaiah,  '^  tSallu,  Amok,  Hilkiali,  Je- 
daiah.  The.se  were  the  chief  of  the  priests  and  of  their  brethren  in  the 
days  of  "Jeshua.  ^Moreover  the  Levites  :  Jeshua,  Binnui,  Kadniiel, 
Sherebiah,  Judah,  and  Mattaniah,  which  was  over  tthe  thanksgiving,  he 
and  his  brethren.  ^  Also  Bakbukiah  and  Unni,  their  brethren,  were 
over  against  them  in  the  watches. 

•*^  And  "at  that  time  were  some  appointed  over  the  chambers  for  the 
treasures,  for  the  offerings,  for  the  firstfruits,  and  for  the  tithes,  to 
gather  into  them  out  of  the  fields  of  the  cities  the  portions  *of  the  law 
for  the  priests  and  Levites;  tfor  Judah  rejoiced  for  the  priests  and  for 
the  Levites  that  twaited.  '^^And  both  the  singers  and  the  porters  kept 
the  ward  of  their  God,  and  the  ward  of  the  purification,  "according 
to  the  commandment  of  David,  and  of  Solomon  his  son.  *^  For  in 
the  days  of  David  ^and  Asaph  of  old  there  were  chief  of  the  sing- 
ers, and  songs  of  praise  and  thanksgiving  unto  God.  "*'  And  all  Israel 
in  the  days  of  Zerubbabel,  and  in  the  days  of  Nehemiah,  gave  the 
portions  of  the  singers  and  the  porters,  every  day  his  portion ;  ''and 
they  *sanctified  holy  things  unto  the  Levites,  '"and  the  Levites  sanc- 
tified them  unto  the  children  of  Aaron. 

1  On  that  day  tthey  read  in  the  Book  of  Moses  in  the  Nehkmiah 
taudience  of  the  people  ;  and  therein  was  found  written,  xiii.  1-3. 
"that  the  Ammonite  and  the  Moabite  should  not  come  into  the  con- 
gregation of  God  for  ever ;  -  because  they  met  not  the  children  of  Is- 
rael with  bread  and  with  water,  but  ''hired  Balaam  against  them,  that 
he  should  curse  them  :  'howbeit  our  God  turned  the  curse  into  a  bless- 
ing. 2  Now  it  came  to  pass,  when  they  had  heard  the  Law,  that  they 
separated  from  Israel  all  the  mixed  multitude. 

PSALM    1.(38) 
The  happiness  of  the  godhj.     4  The  unhappiness  of  the  ungodly. 

^Blessed  "is  the  man  that  walketh  not  in  the  counsel  of  the  *un- 
Nor  standeth  in  the  way  of  sinners,  [godly, 

Nor  sitteth  in  the  seat  of  the  scornful. 


(■"')  Psalms  the  first  and  the  hundred  and  nine- 
teenth are  placed  here  as  havinsr  most  probably 
been  written,  about  this  time,  by  Ezra  on  his  com- 
pletion of  the  Bible.  Calmet,  Home,  and  Gray, 
unite  in  referring  the  first  Psalm  either  to  David  or 
Ezra  ;  and  it  is  generally  supposed  to  have  been 
composed  by  tlie  latter  as  a  preface  to  the  Book  of 
Psalms,  when  he  collected  them  into  one  volume. 
The  contents  of  this  Psalm  are  peculiarly  applica- 
ble to  this  period  of  the  Jewish  history,  when,  after 
an  elapse  of  so  many  years,  the  Scriptures  were 
again  restored  to  the  Jews  in  a  more  complete  form 
than  any  they  had  previously  received. 

The  hundred  and  nineteenth  Psalm  is  placed  in 
this  section  from  the  internal  evidence,  that  it  was 
written  by  Ezra,  ratlier  than  by  David.  It  begins 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  first  Psalm,  and  it  is 
written  on  the  same  subject.  It  seems  to  have 
been  drawn  up  principally  with  the  view  of  im- 
pressing upon  the  minds  of  the  Jewish  youth  the 
importance  and  necessity  of  devoting  themselves  to 
the  study  of  the  whole  word  of  God.  Every  divis- 
ion of  it  expresses  the  excellency  of  t,he  Law  ;  and 
resolutions  to  walk  therein  under  every  circum- 
stance of  life.  At  the  time  of  editing  the  Scrip- 
tures, and  of  reading  them  to  the  people,  it  must 
have  been  a  principal  object  with  Ezra  to  endeavour 
to  direct  the  attention  of  the  Jews,  particularly  of 
the  younger  part,  to  the  study  of  the  Law,  and 
the  perpetuation  of  the  benefits  he  had  conferred 
by  his  labors  on  the  nation.  A  manual  of  this 
kind,  therefore,  might  have  been  expected  from 
the  great  reformer  ;  and  as  there  is  no  particular 
period  in  the   life  of  David  on  which  we   can   fix, 


which  seems  to  require  a  similar  composition,  it 
is  more  probable  that  this  psalm  was  written  by 
Ezra,  rather  than  by   the  king  of  Israel. 

It  may  be  observed,  also,  that  the  plan  upon 
which  it  is  composed  appears  to  have  been  of  more 
frequent  use  in  the  latter,  than  in  the  former  ages 
of  the  Hebrew  language.  The  several  divisions  of 
the  hundred  and  nineteenth  psalm  are  arranged  in 
the  order  of  the  Hebrew  alphabet,  and  all  the  dis- 
tichs  in  each  division  begin  with  the  same  letter, 
after  which  the  whole  division  is  named.  There 
are  but  twelve  of  the  acrostic,  or  alphabetical 
poems  in  the  Old  Testament;  these  are  Psalms 
XXV.  xxxiv.  xxxvii.  cxi.  cxii.  cxix.  cxlv.  Prov. 
xxsi.  10-31.  Lamentations  i.  ii.  iii.  iv.  Of  all 
these,  only  Psalm  xxxiv.  on  the  authority  of  the 
Hebrew  title,  and  cxlv.  on  internal  evidence,  can 
be  certainly  attributed  to  David.  If  this  manner 
of  writing  had  been  usual  at  that  earlier  period, 
succeeding  writers,  it  may  he  presumed,  would 
have  sometimes  adopted  it.  We  find,  however,  no 
traces  of  it  in  Isaiah,  Ezekiel,  or  any  of  the  minor 
prophets,  until  the  time  of  Jeremiah,  whose  Lamen- 
tations having  been  composed  on  this  plan,  seems 
to  have  first  familiarized  it  to  the  people,  as  Psalm.s 
XXV.  xxxvii.  cxi.  and  cxii.  were  written  after  the 
time  of  that  ])rophet ;  and  Prov.  xxxi.  10-31,  hav- 
ing been  added  to  that  book  at  an  uncertain  period, 
may,  perhaps,  have  been  added  by  Ezra  himself. 
Of  all  these  alphabetical  poem-;,  three  only  are  per- 
fectly so.  Psalms  cxi.  cxii.  and  Lament,  iii.  all  of 
which  are  to  be  referred  to  the  latter  ages  of  the 
purity  of  the  Jewish  language.  It  is  more  proba- 
ble, therefore,  that   the  hundred  and   nineteenth 


1160 


REFORMATION  BY  NEIIEMIAH. 


[Period  VIII. 


~  But  his  delight  is  in  the  law  of  the  Lord  ; 

And  'in  his  law  doth  he  meditate  day  and  night. 
2  And  he  shall  be  like  a  tree  planted  by  the  rivers  of  water, 

That  brin^eth  forth  his  fruit  in  his  season  ; 


Psalm  was  written  at  a  later,  than  at  an  earlier 
period  of  the  Jewish  Church,  that  is,  that  it  was 
written  by  Ezra,  rather  than  by  David  ;  and,  if 
written  by  Ezra,  that  it  was  composed  about  the 
time  when,  by  editing  the  Scriptures,  he  wished  to 
direct  the  attention  of  the  younger  people  to  their 
constant  perusal  and  study. 

The  number  of  Psalms  which  are  throughout 
more  eminently  and  directly  prophetical  of  the 
Messiah  is  indeed  comparatively  small :  but  the 
passages  of  particular  Psalms  which  are  predictive 
of  him  in  various  ways  are  very  numerous,  no  part 
of  the  Old  Testament  being  cited  in  the  New  so 
frequently  as  this  book.  That  those  Psalms  which 
were  composed  by  David  himself  were  prophetic, 
we  have  David's  own  authority  ;  "  which,"  Bp. 
Horsley  remarks,  "  may  be  allowed  to  overpower  a 
host  of  modern  expositors.  For  thus  king  David, 
at  the  close  of  his  life,  describes  himself  and  his 
sacred  songs  ; 

'  David  the  son  of  Jesse  said, 
And  the  man  who  was  raised  up  on  high, 
The  anointed  of  the  God  of  Jacob, 
And  the  sweet  Psalmist  of  Israel,  said, 
The  Spirit  of  Jehovah  spake  by  me, 
And  his  word  was  in  my  tongue,' 
(2  Sam.  xxiii.  1,  2.)     It  was  the  word,  therefore,  of 
Jehovah's    Spirit    which   was  uttered    by   David's 
tongue.     But  it  should  seem,  the  Spirit  of  Jehovah 
would  not  be  wanting  to  enable  a  mere  man  to  make 
complaint  of  his  own  enemies,  to    describe  his  oicn 
sufferings  just  as  he  felt  them,  and  his  own  escapes 
jiist  as  they  happened.     But  the    Spirit    of  Jehovah 
described,  by  David's  utterance,  what  was  known  to 
that  Spirit  only,  and  that  Spirit  only  could  describe. 
So  that,  if  David  be  allowed  to  have  had  any  knowl- 
edge of  the  true  subjects  of  his  own  compositions,  it 
was  nothing  in  his  own  life,  but  something  put  into 
his  mind  by  the  Holy  Spirit  of  God  ;  and  the  misap- 
plication of  the   Psalms    to  the  literal   David  has 
done  more  mischief,  than  the  misapplication  of  any 
other   parts  of  the    Scriptures,   among  those   who 
profess  the  belief  of  the  Christian  religion." 

The  Psalms  present  every  possible  variety  of 
Hebrew  poetry.  They  may  all,  indeed,  be  termed 
poems  of  the  lyric  kind  ;  that  is,  adapted  to  music, 
but  with  great  variety  in  the  style  of  composition. 
Thus  some  are  simply  odes,  giving  a  narrative  of 
facts,  cither  of  public  history,  or  of  private  life,  in 
beautiful  and  figurative  language.  Others,  again, 
are  ethic  or  didactic,  "  delivering  grave  maxims  of 
life,  or  the  precepts  of  religion,  in  solemn,  but  for 
the  most  part  simple  strains."  To  this  class  we 
may  refer  the  hundred  and  nineteenth,  and  the 
other  alphabetical  jisnhns,  which  are  so  called  be- 
cause the  initial  letters  of  each  line  or  stanza  fol- 
lowed the  order  of  the  alphabet.  Nearly  one  seventh 
part  of  the  Psalms  arc  elegiac,  or  patlietic  compo- 
sitions on  mournful  subjects.  Some  are  enigmatic, 
delivering  the  doctrines  of  religion  in  enigmata, 
sentences  contrived  to  strike  the  imagination  forci- 
bly, and  yet  easy  to  be  understood  ;  while  a  few 
may  be  referred  to  the  class  of  idyls,  or  short  pas- 
toral poems.  But  the  greater  part,  according  to 
Bishop  Horsley,  is  a  sort  of  dramatic  ode,  consist- 
inof  of  dialogues  between  certain  persons  sustain- 
ing certain  characters.  '•  In  these  dialogue-psalms, 
the  persons  are  frequently  the  Psalmist  himself,  or 
the  chorus  of  priests  and  Levites,  or  the  leader  of 
the  Levitical  band,  opening  the  ode  with  a  proem 
declarative  of  the  subject,  and  very  often  closing 
the  whole  with  a  solemn  admonition  drawn  from 
what  the  other  personss-iy.  The  other  persons  are, 
Jehovah,  sometimes  as  one,  so:netimes  as  another 
of  the  three  persons  ;  Clirist  in  liis  incarnate  state. 


sometimes  before,  sometimes  after  his  resurrection  ; 
the  human  soul  of  Christ,  as  distinguished  from  the 
divine  essence.  Christ,  in  his  incarnate  state,  is 
personated  sometimes  as  a  priest,  sometimes  as  a 
king,  sometimes  as  a  conqueror ;  and,  in  those 
Psalms  in  which  he  is  introduced  as  a  conqueror, 
the  resemblance  is  very  remarkable  between  tiiis 
conqueror  in  the  Book  of  Psalms,  and  the  warrior 
on  the  white  horse  in  the  Book  of  Revelations,  who 
goes  forth  with  a  crown  on  his  head  and  a  bow  in 
his  hand,  conquering  and  to  conquer.  And  the 
conquest  in  the  Psalms  is  followed,  like  the  con- 
quest in  the  Revelations,  by  the  marriage  of  the 
conqueror.  These  are  circumstances  of  similitude, 
which,  to  any  one  versed  in  the  prophetic  style, 
prove  beyond  a  doubt  that  the  mystical  conqueror 
is  the  same  personage  in  both." 

In  praise  of  the  Psalms,  all  the  fathers  of  the 
Church  are  unanimously  eloquent.  Athanasius 
styles  them  an  epitome  of  the  whole  Scriptures  ; 
Basil,  a  compendium  of  all  theology  ;  Luther,  a 
little  Bible ,  and  the  summary  of  the  Old  Testament ; 
and  Melancthon,  the  most  elegant  writing  in  the 
whole  world.  How  highly  the  Psalter  was  valued 
subsequently  to  the  Reformation,  we  may  easily 
conceive  by  the  very  numerous  editions  of  it  which 
were  executed  in  the  infancy'  of  printing,  and  by 
the  number  of  commentators  who  have  undertaken 
to  illustrate  its  sacred  pages.  Carpzov,  who  wrote 
a  century  ago,  enumerates  upwards  of  one  hundred 
and  sixty  ;  Ind,  of  the  subsequent  modern  exposi- 
tors of  this  book,  it  would  perhaps  bo  difficult  to  pro- 
cure a  correct  account.  "  The  Psalms,"  as  Bishop 
Home,  their  best  interpreter  in  our  language,  has 
remarked,  with  equal  piety  and  beauty,  "  are  an 
epitome  of  the  Bible,  adapted  to  the  purposes  of 
devotion.  They  treat  occasionally  of  the  creation 
and  formation  of  the  world ;  the  dispensations  of 
Providence,  and  the  economy  of  grace  ;  the  trans- 
actions of  the  patriarchs  ;  the  exodus  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Israel ;  their  journey  through  the  wilder- 
ness, and  settlement  in  Canaan  ;  their  law.  priest- 
hood, and  ritual  ;  the  exploits  of  their  great  men, 
wrought  through  faith  ;  their  sins  and  captivities  ; 
their  repentances  and  restorations  ;  the  sufferings 
and  victories  of  David  ;  the  peaceful  and  happy 
reign  of  Solomon;  the  advent  of  Messiah,  with  its 
effects  and  consequences,  his  incarnation,  birth, 
life,  passion,  death,  resurrection,  ascension,  king- 
dom, and  priesthood;  the  effusion  of  the  Spirit; 
the  conversion  of  the  nations;  the  rejection  of  the 
Jews  ;  the  establishment,  increase,  and  perpetuity 
of  the  Christian  church  ;  the  end  of  the  world  ;  the 
general  judgmeiit  ;  the  condemnation  of  the  wick- 
ed, and  the  final  triumph  of  the  righteous  with  their 
Lord  and  King.  These  are  the  subjects  here  pre- 
sented to  our  meditations.  We  are  instructed  how 
to  conceive  of  them  aright,  and  to  express  the  differ- 
ent affections,  which,  when  so  conceived  of,  they 
must  excite  in  our  minds.  They  are,  for  this  pur- 
pose, adorned  with  the  figures,  and  set  off  with  all 
the  ffraces  of  poetry  ;  and  poetry  itself  is  designed 
yet  farther  to  be  recommended  by  the  charms  of 
music,  thus  consecrated  to  the  service  of  God  ;  that 
so  delight  may  prepare  the  way  for  improvement, 
and  pFeasure"  become  the  handmaid  of  wisdom, 
while  every  turbulent  passion  is  calmed  by  sacred 
melody,  and  the  evil  spirit  is  still  disposses.sed  by 
the  harp  of  the  son  of  Jesse.  This  little  volume, 
like  the  paradise  of  Eden,  affords  ns  in  perfection, 
tlirough  in  miniature,  every  thing  that  groweth 
elsewhere.  '  every  tree  that  is  pleasant  to  the  sight, 
and  ffood  for  food  ;'  and,  above  all,  what  was  there 
lost,  but  is  here  restored — the  tree  of  life  in  the 
midst  of  the  garden.     That  which  wc  read,  as  mat- 


Part  III.] 


REFORMATtON  BY  NEHEMIAH. 


1161 


t  Heb.  fade. 

c  Ge.  39.  3,  23. 

I's.  1-58.  -J.  Is.  3. 

10. 
d  Job  21.  18.  Ps. 

35.  5.  I9.  17.  13. 

Ho.  13.  3.  Mat. 

3.  12. 


His  leaf  also  shall  not  twither ; 

And  whatsoever  he  doeth  shall  "^prosper, 

^  The  ungodly  are  not  so  ; 
But  are  "like  the  chaft'  which  the  wind  driveth  away. 
^  Therefore  the  ungodly  shall  not  stand  in  the  judgment, 
Nor  sinners  in  the  congregation  of  the  righteous. 


ter  of  speculation,  in  the  other  Scriptures,  is  re- 
duced to  practice,  when  we  recite  it  in  the  Psalms; 
in  those  repentance  and  faith  are  described  ;  but  in 
these  they  are  acted  :  by  a  perusal  of  the  former, 
we  learn  how  others  served  God,  but.  by  using  the 
latter,  we  serve  him  ourselves.  '  What  is  there 
necessary  for  a  man  to  know,'  says  the  pious  and 
judicious  Hooker,  '  which  the  Psalms  are  not  able 
to  teach  ?  They  are  to  beginners  an  easy  and 
familiar  introduction,  a  mighty  augmentation  of  all 
virtue  and  knowledge  in  such  as  are  entered  before, 
a  strong  confirmation  to  the  most  perfect  among 
others.  Heroical  magnanimity,  exquisite  justice, 
grave  moderation,  exact  wisdom,  repentance  un- 
fi?igned,  unwearied  patience,  the  mysteries  of  God, 
the  sufferings  of  Christ,  the  terrors  of  wrath,  the 
comforts  of  grace,  tlie  works  of  Providence  over 
this  world,  and  the  promised  joys  of  that  world 
whicli  is  to  come,  all  good  necessarily  to  be  either 
known,  or  done,  or  had,  this  one  celestial  fountain 
yieldeth.  Let  there  be  any  grief  or  disease  incident 
unto  the  soul  of  man,  any  wound  or  sickness  named, 
for  which  there  is  not,  in  this  treasure-house,  a 
present  comfortable  remedy  at  all  times  ready  to  be 
found.'  '■ 

Many  of  the  Psalms,  which  bear  the  royal  proph- 
et's name,  were  composed  on  occasion  of  remark- 
able circumstances  in  his  life,  his  dangers,  his 
afflictions,  his  deliverances.  ''  But  of  those  which 
relate  to  the  public  history  of  the  natural  Israel, 
there  are  few  in  which  the  fortunes  of  the  mystical 
Israel  are  not  adumbrated ;  and  of  those  which 
allude  to  the  life  of  David,  there  are  none  in  which 
the  Son  of  David  is  not  the  principal  and  imme- 
diate subject.  David's  complaints  against  his  ene- 
mies are  Messiah's  complaints,  first  of  the  unbe- 
lieving Jews,  then  of  the  heathen  persecutors,  and 
of  the  apostate  faction  in  later  ages.  David's 
afflictions  are  Messiah's  sufferings.  David's  peni- 
tential supplications  are  Messiah's,  under  the  bur- 
den of  the  imputed  guilt  of  man.  David's  songs 
of  triumph  and  thanksgiving  are  Messiah's  songs 
of  triumph  and  thanksgiving,  for  his  victory  over 
sin,  and  death,  and  hell  In  a  word,  there  is  not  a 
page  of  this  Book  of  Psalms,  in  which  the  pious 
reader  will  not  find  his  Saviour,  if  he  reads  with  a 
view  of  finding  him." 

In  the  language  of  this  divine  book,  therefore, 
the  prayers  and  praises  of  the  Church  have  been 
offered  up  to  the  throne  of  grace,  from  age  to  age. 
And  it  appears  to  have  been  the  manual  of  the  Son 
of  God,  in  the  days  of  his  flesh  ;  who,  at  the  con- 
clusion of  his  last  supper,  is  generally  supposed, 
and  that  upon  good  grounds,  to  have  sung  a  hymn 
taken  from^^it;  who  pronounced,  on  the  cross,  the 
beginning  of  the  twenty-second  Psalm,  "  My  God, 
mj^  God,  why  hast  thou  forsaken  me  ?  "  and  ex- 
pired, with  a  part  of  the  thirty-first  Psalm  in  his 
mouth,  "  Into  thy  hand  I  commit  my  spirit." 
Thus  He,  who  had  not  the  Spirit  by  measure,  in 
whom  were  hidden  all  the  treasures  of  wisdom  and 
knowledge,  and  who  spake  as  never  man  spake, 
yet  chose  to  conclude  his  life,  to  solace  himself  in 
the  greatest  agony,  and  at  last  to  breathe  out  his 
soul,  in  the  Psalmist's  form  of  words,  rather  than 
his  own.  "  No  tongue  of  man  or  angel,"  as  Dr. 
Hammond  justly  observes.  "  can  convey  a  higher  idea 
of  any  book,  and  of  their  felicity  who  use  it  aright." 

Having  now  inserted  the  whole  number  of  the 
P.'^aLus  in  their  respective  places,  I  add  tlie  follow- 
ing common  but  very  useful  Table  ;  the  Psalms  are 

VOL.  r.  146 


according   to   their  several    subjects,  and 
adapted  to  the  purposes  of  private  devotion. 

1.  Prayers. 

1.  Prayers  for  pardon  of  sin,  Psal.  vi.  xxv. 
xxxviii.  h.  cxxx.  Psalms  styled  penitential,  vi. 
xxxii.  xxxviii.  li.  cii.  cxxx.   cxliii. 

2.  Prayers,  composed  when  the  Psalmist  was 
deprived  of  an  opportunity  of  the  public  exercise 
of  religion,  Psal.  xlii.  xhii.  Ixiii.  Ixxxiv. 

3.  Prayers,  in  which  the  Psalmist  seems  extreme- 
ly dejected,  though  not  totally  deprived  of  conso- 
lation, under  his  affliction,  Psal.  xiii.  xxii.  Ixix. 
Ixxvii.  Ixxxviii.  cxliii. 

4.  Prayers,  in  which  the  Psalmist  asks  help  of 
God,  in  consideration  of  his  own  integrity,  and  the 
uprightness  of  his  cause,  Psal.  vii.  xvii.  xxvi.  xxxv. 

5.  Prayers,  expressing  the  firmest  trust  and  con- 
fidence in  God  under  afflictions,  Psal.  iii.  xvi.  xxvii. 
xxxi.  liv.  Ivi.  Ivii.  Ixi.  Ixii.  Ixxi.  Ixxxvi. 

6.  Prayers  composed  when  the  people  of  God 
were  under  affliction  or  persecution,  Psal.  xliv.  Ix. 
Ixxiv.  Ixxix.  Ixxx.  Ixxxiii.  Ixxxix.  xciv.  cii.  cxxii. 
cxxxvii. 

7.  The  following  are  likewise  prayers  in  time  of 
trouble  and  affliction,  Psal.  iv.  v.  xi.  xxviii.  xli.  Iv. 
Hx.  Ixiv.  Ixx.  cix.  cxx.  cxl.  cxli.  cxlii. 

8.  Prayers  of  intercession,  Psal.  xx.  Ixvii.  cxxii. 
cxxxii.  cxliv. 

11.  Psalms  of  Thanksgiving. 

1.  Thanksgivings  for  mercies  vouchsafed  to  par- 
ticular persons,  Psal.  ix.  xviii.  xxii.  xxx.  xxxiv.  xl. 
Ixxv.  ciii.  cviii   cxvi.  cxviii.  cxxxviii.  cxhv. 

2.  Thanksgivings  for  mercies  vouchsafed  to  the 
Israelites  in  general,  Psal.  xlvi.  xlviii.  Ixv.  Ixvi. 
Ixviii.  Ixxvi.  Ixxxi.  Ixxxv.  xcviii.  cv.  cxxiv.  cxxvi. 
cxxix.  cxxxv.  cxxxvi.  cxlix. 

III.  Psalms  of  Praise  and  Adoration,  displayimr  the 
Attributes  of  God.    '  '' 

1.  General  acknowledgments  of  God's  goodness 
and  mercy,  and  particularly  his  care  and  protection 
of  good  men,  Psal.  xxiii.  xxxiv.  xxxvi.  xci.  c.  ciii. 
cvii.  cxvii.  cxxi.  cxlv.  cxlvi. 

2.  Psalms  displaying  the  power,  majesty,  glory, 
and  other  attributes  of  the  Divine  Being,  Psal.  viii. 
xix.  xxiv.  xxix.   xxxiii.   xlvii.   1.   Ixv.  Ixvi.   Ixxvi. 


Ixxvii. 


xcui.  xcv.  xcvi.  xcvu.  xcix.  CIV.  cxi.  cxiii. 


cxiv.  cxv.  cxxxiv.  cxxxix.  cxlvii.  cxlviii.  cl. 
IV.  Jnstrvctive  Psalms. 

1.  The  different  characters  of  good  and  bad  men  : 
the  happiness  of  the  one  and  the  misery  of  the 
other  are  represented  in  the  following  Psalms  :  i. 
V.  vii.  ix.  X.  xi.  xii.  xiv.  xv.  xvii.  xxiv.  xxv.  xxxii. 
xxxiv.  xxxvi.  xxxvii.  1.  Iii.  liii.  Iviii.  Ixxiii.  Ixxv. 
Ixxxiv.  xci.  xcii.  xciv.  cxii.  cxix.  cxxi.  cxxv. 
cxxvii.  cxxviii.  cxxxiii. 

2.  The  excellence  of  God's  law,  Psal.  xix.  cxix. 

3.  The  vanity  of  human  life,  Psal.  xxxix.  xlix.  xc. 

4.  Advice  to  magistrates,  Psal.  Ixxii.  ci. 

5.  The  virtue  of  humility,  Psal.  cxxxi. 

V.  Psalms  more  eminently  and  directly  prophetical. 
Psal.  ii.  xvi.  xxii.  xl.  xlv.  Ixviii.  Ixxii.  Ixxxvii.  ex. 
cxviii. 

VI.  Historical  Psalms. 
Psal.  Ixxviii.  cv.  cvi. 

Vide  Bishop  Horsley's  Translation  of  the  Psalms; 
—Bishop  Home;— Dr.  Gray  ;— Home's  Critical 
Introduction. 


1162 


REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAII. 


[Period  VIII. 


e  Ps.  37. 18.  Nah.    6  Yor  'the  LoRD  knovveth  the  way  of  the  righteous, 
2x1.2.19.'  But  the  way  of  the  ungodly  shall  perish. 


PSALM  cxix. 


PSAL3I  CXIX. 


*  Or,  perfect,  or, 
sincere. 


a  1  Jo.  3.  9.  &  5.     N 


t  Heb.  judgments 
oflKy  righleous- 


This  psalm  containeXh  sundry  prayers ,  praises,  and  professions  of  obedience. 

'  Blessed  are  the  *undefiled  in  the  way, 

Who  walk  in  the  law  of  the  Lord  ! 

^  Blessed  are  they  that  keep  his  testimonies, 

And  that  seek  him  with  the  whole  heart ! 

^  They  "also  do  no  iniquity, 

They  walk  in  his  ways. 
»<    '*  Thou  hast  commanded  us 

To  keep  thy  precepts  diligently. 
N    5  O  that  my  ways  were  directed 

To  keep  thy  statutes! 
i  See  Job  13. 15.   }<   6  ^hen  'shall  I  not  be  ashamed, 

When  I  have  respect  unto  all  thy  commandments. 
«   "  I  will  praise  thee  with  uprightness  of  heart. 

When  I  shall  have  learned  tthy  righteous  judgments. 

^  I  will  keep  thy  statutes  : 

O  forsake  me  not  utterly  ! 

^  Wherewithal  shall  a  young  man  cleanse  his  way  ? 
By  taking  heed  thereto  according  to  thy  word. 
^'^  With  my  whole  heart  have  I  sought  thee  : 

0  let  me  not  wander  from  thy  commandments  ! 
^^  Thy  'word  have  I  hid  in  my  heart. 
That  I  might  not  sin  against  thee. 
^'^  Blessed  art  thou,  O  Lord  : 
Teach  me  thy  statutes. 
^^  With  my  lips  have  I  ''declared 
All  the  judgments  of  thy  mouth. 
^'^  1  have  rejoiced  in  the  way  of  thy  testimonies, 
As  much  as  in  all  riches. 
^^  I  will  meditate  in  thy  precepts. 
And  have  respect  unto  thy  ways. 
^^  I  will  delight  myself  in  thy  statutes, 

1  will  not  forget  thy  word. 


Ps.  37.  31. 

Lu.  2.  19,  51. 


X  Heb.  Reveal. 


eGe.47.  9.  1  Ch. 
29.  15.  Ps.  39. 
12.  2  Co.  5.  6. 
He.  11.  13. 


•  Heb.  men  of 
countel. 


'■^  Deal  bountifully  with  thy  servant,  that  I  may  live, 

And  keep  thy  word. 

^^  tOpen  thou  mine  eyes. 

That  I  may  behold  wondrous  things  out  of  thy  law. 

^^  I  "am  a  stranger  in  the  earth  ; 

Hide  not  thy  commandments  from  me. 

20  My  soul  breaketh 

For  the  longing  that  it  hath  unto  thy  judgments  at  all  times. 

2^  Thou  hast  rebuked  the  proud  that  are  cursed, 

Which  do  err  from  thy  commandments. 

2-  Remove  from  me  reproach  and  contempt, 

For  I  have  kept  thy  testimonies. 

^^  Princes  also  did  sit  and  speak  against  me, 

But  thy  servant  did  meditate  in  thy  statutes. 

^^  Thy  testimonies  also  are  my  delight 

And  *my  counsellors. 

^^  My  soul  cleaveth  unto  the  dust ; 
Quicken  thou  me  according  to  thy  word. 


Part  III.] 


REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH. 


1163 


/I  Ki.  4.  29.  Is. 
60.  5.  2  Co.  6. 
11. 


g  Mat.lO.  22.  Ke. 

2.26. 
A  Pr.  2.  6.  Ja.  1. 

5. 


t  Ez.  33.  31.  Ma. 

7.  21,22.  Lu.  12. 

15.  1  Ti.  6.  10. 

He.  13.  5. 
\  Heb.  Make  to 

pass, 
i  Pr.  23.  5. 


T   2^  I  have  declared  my  ways,  and  thou  heardest  me ; 

Teach  me  thy  statutes. 
1  27  Make  me  to  understand  the  way  of  thy  precepts ; 
So  shall  I  talk  of  thy  wondrous  works. 
t  Heb.  droppeth.    T   ^8  jyjy  gQ^\  fmelteth  for  heaviness  ; 

Strengthen  thou  me  according  unto  thy  word. 
T  29  Remove  from  me  the  way  of  lying, 

And  grant  me  thy  law  graciously, 
n  30  J  have  chosen  the  way  of  truth ; 

Thy  judgments  have  I  laid  before  me. 
'^   ^^l  have  stuck  unto  thy  testimonies : 

O  Lord,  put  me  not  to  shame ! 
T   32  I  ^\\\  run  the  way  of  thy  commandments, 

When  thou  shalt  ^enlarge  my  heart. 
T  33  Teach  me,  O  Lord,  the  way  of  thy  statutes ; 

And  I  shall  keep  it  'unto  the  end. 
T  34  Give  ^me  understanding,  and  I  shall  keep  thy  law ; 

Yea,  I  shall  observe  it  with  my  whole  heart. 
T  35  Make  me  to  go  in  the  path  of  thy  commandments, 

For  therein  do  I  delight. 
1  36  Incline  my  heart  unto  thy  testimonies, 

And  not  to  *covetousness. 
n  37  ITurn  away  mine  eyes  from  ^beholding  vanity, 

And  quicken  thou  me  in  thy  way. 
n  38  Establish  thy  word  unto  thy  servant. 

Who  is  devoted  to  thy  fear. 
r»  39  Turn  away  my  reproach  which  I  fear, 

For  thy  judgments  are  good, 
n  "^^  Behold,  I  have  longed  after  thy  precepts : 

Q,uicken  me  in  thy  righteousness. 
1    "^^  Let  thy  mercies  come  also  unto  me,  O  Lord  ! 

Even  thy  salvation,  according  to  thy  word. 
1    '•2  go  shall  I  *have  wherewith  to  answer  him  that  reproacheth  me, 

For  I  trust  in  thy  word. 
1    43  And  take  not  the  word  of  truth  utterly  out  of  my  mouth, 

For  I  have  hoped  in  thy  judgments. 
1    ^-^  So  shall  I  keep  thy  law  continually 

For  ever  and  ever. 
1    -^^  And  I  will  walk  tat  liberty, 

For  I  seek  thy  precepts. 
1    "6  X  «^will  speak  of  thy  testimonies  also  before  kings. 

And  will  not  be  ashamed. 
1    ^'^  And  I  will  delight  myself  in  thy  commandments, 

Which  I  have  loved. 
1    "8  My  hands  also  will  I  lift  up  unto  thy  commandments,  which  I  have 
And  I  will  meditate  in  thy  statutes.  [loved ; 

T    -^s  Remember  the  word  unto  thy  servant. 

Upon  which  thou  hast  caused  me  to  hope. 
T    ^°  This  is  my  'comfort  in  my  affliction, 

For  thy  word  hath  quickened  me. 
T    51  The"  proud  have  had  me  greatly  "'in  derision, 

Yet  have  I  "not  declined  from  thy  law. 
I    52  J  remembered  thy  judgments  of  old,  O  Lord  ! 

And  have  comforted  myself, 
t    53  Horror  hath  taken  hold  upon  me 

Because  of  the  wicked  that  forsake  thy  law. 


•  Or,  answer  him 
that  reproacheth 
me  in  a  thing. 


f  Heb.  at  large 


k  Ps.  138.  1.  Mat. 
10.  18,  19.  Ac. 
26.  1,  2. 


«  Job  23.  11.  Pa. 
44.  18. 


1164  REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH.  [Period  VIU. 

f    ^*  Thy  statutes  have  been  my  songs 

In  the  house  of  my  pilgrimage, 
f    ^^  I  have  remembered  thy  name,  O  Lord  !  in  the  night, 

And  have  kept  thy  law. 
T    5«  This  I  had, 

Because  I  kept  thy  precepts. 
oJe.10. 16.  La.    fi  s"?  Thou  "art  my  portion,  O  Lord  ; 

I  have  said  that  I  would  keep  thy  words. 
X  Heb./oee.  Job    H  ^8  J  entreated  thy  tfavor  with  my  whole  heart  : 

Be  merciful  unto  me  according  to  thy  word. 
J,  Lu.  15. 17, 18.    n  59  J  ''thought  on  my  ways. 

And  turned  my  feet  unto  thy  testimonies, 
n  ''O  I  made  haste,  and  delayed  not 
To  keep  thy  commandments. 
*  ot,  companies,    n  ^^  The  *bands  of  the  wicked  have  robbed  me, 

But  I  have  not  forgotten  thy  law, 
«  Ac.  16.25.        n  62  ^t  'midnight  I  will  rise  to  give  thanks  unto  thee 
Because  of  thy  righteous  judgments, 
n  63  J  g^,^  a.  companion  of  all  them  that  fear  thee, 

And  of  them  that  keep  thy  precepts. 
n  64  "Yi^Q  earth,  O  Lord,  is  full  of  thy  mercy  : 

Teach  me  thy  statutes. 
t3  ^^  Thou  hast  dealt  well  with  thy  servant,  O  Lord  I 

According  unto  thy  word. 
13  ^'^  Teach  me  good  judgment  and  knowledge, 
For  I  have  believed  thy  commandments. 
>•  Je.  31. 18, 19.    £3  67  Bcforc  T  was  afflicted  I  went  astray, 

But  now  have  I  kept  thy  word. 
t  Mat.  19. 17.      t3  68  Thou  art  'good,  and  doest  good  ; 
Teach  me  thy  statutes. 
13  69  The  proud  have  forged  a  lie  against  me. 

But  I  will  keep  thy  precepts  with  my  whole  heart. 
'fo'Ac  ^^■^^■^'  ^  ''^  Their  'heart  is  as  fat  as  grease, 

But  I  delight  in  thy  law. 
"He.  12. 10,11.   t3  ''^  It  "is  good  for  me  that  I  have  been  afflicted, 

That  I  might  learn  thy  statutes. 
V  Vs.  19. 10.  Pr.    £3  "^^  The  "law  of  thy  mouth  is  better  unto  me 
■    '    '    '  Than  thousands  of  gold  and  silver. 

"ioo''3  "^^  ^'  ^''     '    ^^  "^^y  "hands  have  made  me  and  fashioned  me  : 

Give  me  understanding,  that  I  may  learn  thy  commandments. 
■"    "'^  They  that  fear  thee  will  be  glad  when  they  see  me, 
Because  I  have  hoped  in  thy  word. 
t  Heb.  righteous.  '    75  J  j^iiow,  O  LoRD,  that  thy  judgmcuts  are  fright, 
r  He.  12. 10.  And  'that  thou  in  faithfulness  hast  afflicted  me. 

tueh.  to  comfort   •<    76  Lg^^  J  p^^^y  i\^qq^  thy  mcrciful  kindness  be  Ifor  my  comfort, 
According  to  thy  word  unto  thy  servant. 
'    '''^  Let  thy  tender  mercies  come  unto  me,  that  I  may  live ; 
For  thy  law  is  my  delight. 
y  pb.  25. 3.          ">    78  Lgt  the  proud  ^be  ashamed  ;  for  they  dealt  perversely  with  me  with- 
But  I  will  meditate  in  thy  precepts.  [out  a  cause, 

-    ''^  Let  those  that  fear  thee  turn  unto  me. 

And  those  that  have  known  thy  testimonies. 
"    ^"  Let  my  heart  be  sound  in  thy  statutes. 
That  I  be  not  ashamed. 
^gP"J3.2o. &      3  81  My  --gf^„]  fainteth  for  thy  salvation. 
But  I  hope  in  thy  word. 


Tart  III.] 


REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH. 


1165 


6  Job  30.  30.  A3 
tlie  bottles  in  the 
East  are  made  of 
skins,  it  is  evi- 
dent that  one 
Imng  up  in  the 
smoke  must  noon 
be  shrivelled  up 
and  become  use- 
less  Ed. 

c  Ps.  39.  4. 

d  Re.  6.  10. 

e  Ps.  35.  7.  Pr.  16. 
27. 

*  Heh.faithful- 


/Pa.  89.  2.  Mat. 
24.  34,  35.  1  Pe. 
1.  25. 

a  Or,  as  the  Sy- 
riac  reads, 
"  Thou  art  (or, 
existest)  for 
ever,  O  Jeho- 
vah !  Thy  word 
is  established  in 
the  heavens." — 
Ed. 

I  Heb.  to  genera- 
tion and  genera" 
fion,  Pe.  89.  1. 

J;  Heb.  standelh. 


g  Mat.  5.  18.  & 
24.  35. 


h  De.  4.  6,  8. 


*  Heb.  it  ia  ever 
with  me. 


i  2  Ti.  3.  15. 
j  Job  32. 7-9. 


I  Ps.  19.  10.  Pr. 

8.  11. 
t  Heb.  palate. 


m  Pr.  6.  23. 

J  Or,  candle. 


0  Ho.  14.  2.  He. 
13.  15. 


^'^  Mine  "eyes  fail  for  thy  word, 

Saying,  When  wilt  thou  comfort  me  ? 

83  Yor  'I  am  become  like  a  bottle  in  the  smoke, 

Yet  do  I  not  forget  thy  statutes. 

^^  How  'many  are  the  days  of  thy  servant  ? 

When 


ilt  thou  execute  judgment  on  them  that  persecute  me  ? 


D  85  The  'proud  have  digged  pits  for  me, 

Which  are  not  after  thy  law. 
0  8^  All  thy  commandments  are  *faithful : 

They  persecute  me  wrongfully  ;  help  thou  me. 
3   S7  They  had  almost  consumed  me  upon  earth, 

But  I  forsook  not  thy  precepts. 
3  ^^  Quicken  me  after  thy  lovingkindness, 

So  shall  I  keep  the  testimony  of  thy  mouth. 

^7  ^^  For  -^ever,  O  Lord  ! 

Thy  word  is  settled  in  heaven.^ 
h   90  Thy  faithfulness  is  tunto  all  generations  : 

Thou  hast  established  the  earth,  and  it  tabideth. 
S  91  They  continue  this  day  according  to  thine  ordinances, 

For  all  are  thy  servants. 
V   92  Unless  thy  law  had  been  my  delights, 

I  should  then  have  perished  in  mine  affliction. 
H   93  I  Yviii  never  forget  thy  precepts. 

For  with  them  thou  hast  quickened  me. 
S  94  I  am  thine — save  me  ; 

For  I  have  sought  thy  precepts. 
^  95  The  wicked  have  waited  for  me  to  destroy  me. 

But  I  will  consider  thy  testimonies. 
S   96  J  «^have  seen  an  end  of  all  perfection, 

But  thy  commandment  is  exceeding  broad. 

n  97  o  how  love  I  thy  law  ! 

It  is  my  meditation  all  the  day. 
n  98  Thou  through  thy  commandments  hast  made  me* wiser  than  mine 

For  *they  are  ever  with  me.  [enemies, 

D  99  I  have  more  understanding  than  all  my  teachers, 

For  'thy  testimonies  are  my  meditation. 
n  100  I  ^understand  more  than  the  ancients, 

Because  I  keep  thy  precepts. 
D  101  I  have  '^refrained  my  feet  from  every  evil  way. 

That  I  might  keep  thy  word. 
n  102  I  have  not  departed  from  thy  judgments, 

For  thou  hast  taught  me. 
n   103  How  'sweet  are  thy  words  unto  my  ttaste  ! 

Yea,  sweeter  than  honey  to  my  mouth  ! 
n  104  Through  thy  precepts  I  get  understanding. 

Therefore  I  hate  every  false  way. 

3    105  Thy  "word  is  a  tlamp  unto  my  feet, 

And  a  light  unto  my  path. 
3    106  J  "have  sworn,  and  T  will  perform  it, 

That  I  will  keep  thy  righteous  judgments. 
3    107  I  am  afflicted  very  much  : 

Quicken  me,  O  Lord  ! 

According  unto  thy  word. 
J    108  Accept,  I  beseech  thee,  "the  freewill  offerings  of  my  mouth,  O 

And  teach  me  thy  judgments.  [Lord  : 

4  T 


1166 


REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAH. 


[Period  VUl 


p  See  Job  13. 

14. 

: 

q  De.  33.  4. 

J 

•  Heb.  do. 

J 

•SeeGe.  15.  1.      D 


s  Ps.  6.  8.  Mat.  7.   D 
23. 


t  Ps.  2.5.  2.    Ro. 
5.  5.  &  9.  33.  & 
10.  11.  D 


t  Heb.  causest  to     D 
cea«e. 
u  Ez.  22.  18. 

V  Hab.  3.  16.  D 


y  Ps.  19.  7.  Pr.  1. 

£) 

3 

i  Heb.  .According 

to  the  custom 

toward  those,  S,-c.    3 

2The3.  1.6,7. 
1  Ps.  19.  13.  Uo. 

6.  12.  £3 

flLu.  1.74. 


ino  ^ly  PgQ^j  jg  continually  in  my  hand, 

Yet  do  I  not  forget  thy  law. 

"•^  The  wicked  have  laid  a  snare  for  me, 

Yet  I  erred  not  from  thy  precepts. 

^'^  Thy  'testimonies  have  I  taken  as  a  heritage  for  ever, 

For  they  are  the  rejoicing  of  my  heart. 

^^^  I  have  inclined  my  heart  to  ^perform  thy  statutes  always, 

Even  unto  the  end. 

^^^  I  hate  vain  thoughts, 

But  thy  law  do  I  love, 

^^"^  Thou  ^art  my  hiding  place  and  my  shield : 

I  hope  in  thy  word. 

"^  Depart  "from  me,  ye  evildoers, 

For  I  will  keep  the  commandments  of  my  God. 

^^^  Uphold  me  according  unto  thy  word,  that  I  may  Uve, 

And  let  me  not  'be  ashamed  of  my  hope. 

^^^  Hold  thou  me  up,  and  I  shall  be  safe  ; 

And  I  will  have  respect  unto  thy  statutes  continually. 

^^^  Thou  hast  trodden  down  all  them  that  err  from  thy  statutes, 

For  their  deceit  is  falsehood. 

^^^Thou  tputtest  away  all  the  wicked  of  the  earth  "like  dross, 

Therefore  I  love  thy  testimonies. 

120  My  "flesh  trembleth  for  fear  of  thee, 

And  I  am  afraid  of  thy  judgments. 

^^^  I  have  done  judgment  and  justice  : 

Leave  me  not  to  mine  oppressors. 

1^-  Be  "surety  for  thy  servant  for  good  : 

Let  not  the  proud  oppress  me. 

^-•^  Mine  eyes  fail  for  thy  salvation, 

And  for  the  word  of  thy  righteousness. 

^^^  Deal  with  thy  servant  according  unto  thy  mercy, 

And  teach  me  thy  statutes. 

^-^  I  am  thy  servant ;  give  me  understanding, 

That  I  may  know  thy  testimonies. 

^-^  It  is  time  for  thee,  Lord,  to  work  ; 

For  they  have  made  void  thy  law. 

1^''  Therefore  ""I  love  thy  commandments  above  gold  ; 

Yea,  above  fine  gold. 

^-^  Therefore  I  esteem  all  thy  precepts  concerning  all  things  to  be 

And  I  hate  every  false  way.  [right, 

^-^Thy  testimonies  are  wonderful, 

Therefore  doth  my  soul  keep  them. 

^^^  The  entrance  of  thy  words  giveth  light ; 

It  ''giveth  understanding  unto  the  simple. 

^^^  I  opened  my  mouth,  and  panted. 

For  I  longed  for  thy  commandments. 

^•'■^  Look  thou  upon  me,  and  be  merciful  unto  me, 

tAs  thou  usest  to  do  unto  those  that  love  thy  name. 

133  Order  my  steps  in  thy  word. 

And  ^let  not  any  iniquity  have  dominion  over  me. 

'^■^  Deliver  "me  from  the  oppression  of  man, 

So  will  I  keep  thy  precepts. 

'•'■'"  Make  thy  face  to  shine  upon  thy  servant, 

And  tcacli  me  thy  statutes. 

'^^  Rivers  ''of  waters  run  down  mine  eyes. 

Because  they  keep  not  thy  law. 


ness. 

iHeh.faitlif Ill- 
ness. 

c  Ps.  69.  9.  Jo. 
17. 


p^RT  III.]  REFORMATION    BY  NEHEMIAH.  1167 

2f   137  Righteous  art  thou,  O  Lord  ! 
And  upright  are  thy  judgments. 
X   138  Thy  testimonies  that  thou  hast  commanded 

♦  Heb.  righteous-       Are  *righteous  and  very  tfaithful. 

139  ]yjy  ^jeal  hath  tconsumed  me, 
Because  mine  enemies  liave  forgotten  thy  words. 

140  'phy  ^vvord  is  very  *pure, 

X  Heb.  ciu  mf  off.       Therefore  thy  servant  loveth  it. 

*  ueb'irted, or,    ^    '*'  I  am  siiiall  and  despised, 
refined.  Yet  do  not  I  forgct  thy  precepts, 

•a   1''-  Thy  righteousness  is  an  everlasting  righteousness, 
ePs.  19. 9.  Jo.  And  thy  law  is  'the  truth. 

.Z'  u',     ,   .    ^  ^^'^  Trouble  and  anguish  have  ttaken  hold  on  me  ; 
Yet  thy  commandments  are  my  delights. 
^  "^  The  righteousness  of  thy  testimonies  is  everlasting : 

Give  me  understanding,  and  I  shall  live, 
p   145  X  cried  with  my  whole  heart ;  hear  me,  O  Lord  : 

I  will  keep  thy  statutes, 
p   i"**^  I  cried  unto  thee  ; 
xo^,  tut  I  may        Savc  uic,  taud  I  shall  keep  thy  testimonies. 
/pTs  3  &88     P    ^""^  I  Vevented  the  dawning  of  the  morning,  and  cried  : 
is'.'&'iaV.  6.  I  hoped  in  thy  word. 

g  Ps.  03. 1, 6.      p   143  Mine  ^eyes  prevent  the  night  watches. 
That  I  might  meditate  in  thy  word, 
p   149  Hear  my  voice  according  unto  thy  lovingkindness : 

O  Lord  !  quicken  me  according  to  thy  judgment, 
p    15"  They  draw  nigh  that  follow  after  mischief: 
They  are  far  from  thy  law. 
A  Ps.  145. 18.       p   151  Thou  art  ''near,  O  Lord  ! 

And  all  thy  commandments  are  truth, 
p    152  Concerning  thy  testimonies,  I  have  known  of  old 
t  Lu.  31. 33.  That  thou  hast  founded  them  'for  ever. 

jLa.o.  1.  "I   153  Consider  ^mine  affliction,  and  deliver  me  ; 

For  I  do  not  forget  thy  law. 
151  Plead  '^my  cause,  and  deliver  me  : 
Quicken  me  according  to  thy  word. 
Job  5. 4.  -I   155  Salvation  'is  far  from  the  wicked, 

For  they  seek  not  thy  statutes. 
"Or, Many.        1   156  *Great  are  thy  tender  mercies,  O  Lord  ! 
Quicken  me  according  to  thy  judgments. 
"<    15^  Many  are  my  persecutors  and  mine  enemies. 

Yet  do  I  not  dechne  from  thy  testimonies. 
-I   158  I  beheld  the  transgressors^  and  was  grieved. 

Because  they  kept  not  thy  word. 
"I    159  Consider  how  I  love  thy  precepts : 

Quicken  me,  O  Lord  !    according  to  thy  lovingkindness. 
tHeb.  Thebcgiiv.  "I    160  fThy  word  is  true  from  the  beginning, 
■  -ofthyrcord       ^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^  ^j^^  rlghtcous  judgmcuts  endureth  for  ever. 

161  Princes  "have  persecuted  me  without  a  cause, 
But  my  heart  standeth  in  awe  of  thy  word. 

162  I  rejoice  at  thy  word, 
As  one  that  findeth  great  spoil. 

163  I  hate  and  abhor  lying. 
But  thy  law  do  1  love. 

164  Seven  times  a  day  do  I  praise  thee 
Because  of  thy  righteous  judgments. 


ning 
is  true. 


jilSa.  24.  11. 
14.  &  26.  18. 


1168  MALACHI  PROPHESIES  AGAINST  [Period  VIII. 


X  Heb.  they  shall 


r  Is.  53.  6.  Lu. 
15.  4.  &c.  1  P 
2.25. 


^^^  Great  "peace  have  they  wliich  love  thy  law, 
And  tnothing  shall  offend  them. 
WM'Tiol""^      ^  ^^^  Lord,  °I  have  hoped  for  thy  salvation, 
0  Ge.  49. 18.  And  done  thy  commandments. 

tj?  157  jyjy  sQyi  j^a^j}^  i^gpt  thy  testimonies. 

And  I  love  them  exceedingly. 
ty  168  I  have  kept  thy  precepts  and  thy  testimonies, 
p  Pr.  5. 21.  For  ^all  my  ways  are  before  thee. 

n   1^9  Let  my  cry  come  near  before  thee,  O  Lord  ! 

Give  me  understanding  according  to  thy  word. 
n   1"''  Let  my  supplication  come  before  thee : 

Deliver  me  according  to  thy  word. 
n   I'^i  My  lips  shall  utter  praise, 

When  thou  hast  taught  me  thy  statutes. 
n   i"2  My  tongue  shall  speak  of  thy  word, 

For  all  thy  commandments  are  righteousness, 
n   i"3  Let  thy  hand  help  me, 
g  Jos.  24. 22.  Pr.        For  'I  havB  chosen  thy  precepts. 
1.29.LU.I0.42.  ^   j,4  J  ^^^^  Xq^^q^  for  thy  salvation,  O  Lord  ! 

And  thy  law  is  my  delight. 
r>   i"5  Let  my  soul  live,  and  it  shall  praise  thee  ; 
And  let  thy  judgments  help  me. 
^^^  I  ^have  gone  astray  like  a  lost  sheep  ; 
Seek  thy  servant ;  for  1  do  not  forget  thy  commandments. 

SECT.  VI.  Section   VI. — Malachi  prophecies  against  the  Corruptions  tchich   had  been 

M~~35fi  t  introduced  during  the  second  Absence   of  Nehcmiah,  and  the  Advent   of 

3576.'  John  the  Baptist,  and  of  the  Messiah. 

B.  C^^43  to  Malachi  i.O^)  ii.  and  iii.  1-15. 

Hales  about  Malachi  complaineth  of  IsraeVs  unldndness,  &  of  their  irreligimisness,  \1  and  profaneness. — Chap. 

420.   "  i\.  \  He  sharply  reprovelh  the  priests  for  nevlectiyig:  their  covenant,  W  arid  the  people  for  idolatry. 

'_  14  for  adultery,  17  and  for  infidelity.  — Chap.  iii.   1  Of  the  messenger,  majesty,  and  grace  of 

Christ.     7  Of  the  rebellion,  8  sacrilege,  13  and  infidelity  of  the  people. 

*  Heh.  hy  the  1^                                                                    '                                                   *         AT 

hand  of  Malachi.  1  ThE  BuRDEN  OFTHE  WoRD  OF  THeLoRDTO  ISRAEL     BY  MaLACHI. 

a^^e.  7. 8.  &  10.     2  J  "havc  lovcd  you,  saith  the  Lord. 

C)  Malachi  was  the  last  of  the  prophets  before  by  that  pious  and  excellent  governor.     Archbishop 

the    Gospel    dispensation.     Some  writers  imagine  Newcome    supposes    Malachi    to    have    flourislied 

that  Malachi  was  merely  a  general  name,  signify-  about  the  year  436  before  the  Christian  era  ;  but 

ing  the  angel  of  the  Lord,  a  messenger  or  prophet ;  Dr.  Kennicott  places  him  about  the  year  420  before 

because    the  title   of  Malach  Jehovah,  or  Angel  of  Christ,  which  date  is  adopted  by  Dr.  Hales  as  suffi- 

the  Lord,  was  often  applied  to  the  prophets.    (Com-  ciently  agreeing  with  the  description  of  Joseplms 

pare  Haggai  i.  13,  with  Malachi  iii.  1.)  and  the  varying  dates  of  chronologers. 

The  Septuagint  translators  have  rendered  Mala-         Although  the  writings  of  this  prophet  are  almost 

chi  his  angel  instead  of  my  angel,  as  the  original  wholly  in  prose,  yet  they  are  by  no  means  destitute 

imports;  and   several  of  the  fathers  have  quoted  of  force  and  elegance.    He  reproves  the  wickedness 

Malachi  under  the  name  of  the  Angel  of  the  Lord,  of    his    countrymen    with  great  vehemence  ;    and 

Calinet,   after    Jerome    and    some    other    ancient  Bishop  Lowth  observes  that  his  book  is  written  in 

writers,  thinks  that  Malachi  was  the  same  person  a  kind  of  middle  style,  which  seems  to  indicate 

as  Ezra,  who  wrote  the  canonical  book  that  passes  that  the  Hebrew  poetry,  from  the  time  of  the  Bab- 

under  his  name,  and   was  governor  of  the  Jews  ylonish  captivity,  was    in   a  declining  state,  and, 

after  their  return   from  the   captivity.     As  he  re-  being  past  its  prime  and  vigor,  was  then  fast  vor- 

vised  the  Holy  Scriptures,  and  collected  the  canon  ging  towards  the  debility  of  age. 
of  the  Old  Testament,  and  performed  various  other         But  as  it  appears  from  the  consent  of  all  Jewish 

important  services  to  the  Jewish  church,  Ezra  has  and  Christian  antiquity  that  the  light  of  prophecy 

been  considered, both  by  ancient  Jewish  and  alsoby  e.vpired  in  Malachi,  we  suppose  that  the  termina- 

the  early  Christian  writers,  as  a  very  extraordinary  tion  of  his  ministry  coincided  with  the  accomplish- 

person  sent  from   God,  and  therefore  they  thought  ment  of  the  first  seven  weeks  of  Daniel's  prophecy, 

him   very  appropriately  denominated  Miilach  ;  but  which  was  the    period    allotted    for   "  sealinir  the 

for  these  opinions  then-  is  no  foundation  whatever,  vision    and    prophecy."     (Dan.   ix.   24.)     Malachi 

It  is  certain  that   Malachi  was  a  distinct  person  therefore   must  be   considered    as    completing   the 

from    Ezra,    and    Cas    Ro.senm(lller   observes)    the  canon  of  the  Old  Testament,  about  400  years  be- 

whole  argument  of  his  book   proves  that  he  flour-  fore  the  birth  of  Christ,  when  the  great  designs  of 

ishcd    after    the    return    from    the    captivity.     He  Providence  were  completed  in  the  termination  of 

prophesied  while  Nehemiah  was  governor  of  Juda2a,  the  prophetic  ministry;    and  when    a  scheme  of 

more  particularly  after  his  second  coming  from  tlie  prophecy  was  unfolded,  which  in  its  entire  contex- 

Persian    court;    and   appears  to   have   contributed  ture  was  to  be  nccommodated  to,  and  to  characterize 

tlie  weight  of  his  exhortations  to  the  restoration  of  the    Messiah.     Malachi  certainly  prophesied  some 

the  Jewish  polity,  and  the  final  reform  established  time  after  Haggai  and  Zechariah,  for  in  his  time 


Part  III.] 


THE  CORRUPTIONS  OF  THE  JEWS. 


1169 


c  Je.  49.  18.  Ez. 
35.  3,  4,  7,  9,  14, 
15.  Ob.  10,  &c. 


t  Or,  upon.  Heb. 
from  upon. 
«f  Ex.  20.  12. 


^  Or,  Bring  unto, 

4-c. 
/De.  15.  21. 
g  Ez.  41.  22. 
h  Le.  22.  22.  De. 

15.  21. 
*  Heb.  to  sacri- 
fice. 


i  Job  42.  8. 

t  Heb.  tkeface 
of  Ood. 

X  Heb.  from  your 
hand. 

a  Rather,  "  Sure- 
ly the  doors  shall 
be  closed  a^iiinst 
you, — Neither 
shall  ye  kindle 
the  fire  of  my 
altar  in  vain." — 
Ed. 
j  1  Co.  9.  13. 

kU.].  11.  Je.  6. 
20.  .^m.  5.  21. 

I  Is.  60.  3,  5. 
TO  Jo.  4.  21 ,  23. 

1  Ti.  2.  8. 

II  Re.  8.  3. 


Yet  ye  say,  "  Wherein  hast  thou  loved  us  ? " 
Was  not  Esau  Jacob's  brother  ?  saith  the  Lord  ; 
Yet  'I  loved  Jacob, 
^  And  I  hated  Esau, 

And  'laid  his  mountains  and  his  heritage  waste 

For  the  dragons  of  the  wilderness. 
'  Whereas  Edom  saith,  "  We  are  impoverished, 

But  we  will  return  and  build  the  desolate  places ;  " 

Thus  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

They  shall  build— but  I  will  throw  down ; 

And  they  shall  call  them,  The  border  of  wickedness, 

And,  The  people  against  whom  the  Lord  hath  indignation  forever. 
'  And  your  eyes  shall  see,  and  ye  shall  say. 

The  Lord  will  be  magnified  tfrom  the  border  of  Israel. 
^  A  son  ''honoreth  his  father, 

And  a  servant  his  master: 

If  'then  I  be  a  father,  where  is  mine  honor  ? 

And  if  I  be  a  master,  where  is  my  fear  ? 

Saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  unto  you, 

O  priests,  that  despise  my  name. 

And  ye  say,  "  Wherein  have  we  despised  thy  name  ? " 

tYe  offer  ^polluted  bread  upon  mine  altar; 

And  ye  say,  "  AVherein  have  we  polluted  thee  ?  " 

In  that  ye  say,  "  The  ^'table  of  the  Lord  is  contemptible." 

And  ^if  ye  offer  the  blind  *for  sacrifice,  is  it  not  evil  ? 

And  if  ye  offer  the  lame  and  sick,  is  it  not  evil  ? 

Offer  it  now  unto  thy  governor  ; 

Will  he  be  pleased  with  thee. 


Or  ^accept  thy  per 


And  now,  I 


saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 


pray  you, 


Beseech  fGod  that  he  will  be  gracious  unto  us : 

This  hath  been  tby  your  means : 

Will  he  regard  your  persons  ?   saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

''Who  is  there  even  among  you  that  would  shut  the  doors  for  nought  ? 

Neither  ^do  ye  kindle  fire  on  mine  altar  for  nought. 

I  have  no  pleasure  in  you,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

Neither  Vill  I  accept  an  ofl'ering  at  your  hand. 

For  from  the  rising  of  the  sun 

Even  unto  the  going  down  of  the  same. 

My  name  shall  be  'great  among  the  Gentiles  ; 

And  '"in  every  place  "incense  shall  be  ofl'ered  unto  my  name, 


the  temple  was  rebuilt,  and  the  worship  reestab- 
lished, (chap,  i.7,  10,  12,  and  iii.  10  ;)  his  ministry 
therefore  must  have  coincided  wi  th ,  or  succeeded  that 
of  Nehemiah.  He  censures  the  same  offences  that 
had  excited  the  indignation  of  that  governor,  and 
which  he  had  not  been  able  entirely  to  reform. 
(Compare  Malachi  ii.  il,  with  Nehem.  .\-iii.  23-27  ; 
and  Malachi  i.  10,  with  Neh.  xiii.  10,  11.)  In  the 
first  chapter,  from  1  to  6,  the  Jews  are  reminded  of 
the  special  favors  God  had  bestowed  upon  them ; 
they  are  then  reproved  for  not  showing  due  rever- 
ence to  God  ;  and  the  priests  for  their  profane  and 
mercenary  conduct ;  their  rejection  is  threatened, 
the  calling  of  the  Gentiles  is  announced  (ver.  11), 
and  the  divine  judgments  are  denounced  against 
the  priests  and' the  people  for  their  disregard  of 
God  in  their  sacrifices,  (12- J 4,  and  chap.  ii.  40), 
and  likewise  for  their  multiplied  divorces,  and  in- 
termarriages with  idolatrous  nations.  God  being 
wearied  with  the  impiety  of  Israel,  declares  (chap, 
iii.)  that  the  Lord  wliom  th^^y  sought  should   sud- 

voL.  I.  '       "        147 


denly  come  to  his  temple,  preceded  by  that  mes- 
senger, who  like  a  harbinger  should  prepare  his 
way,  that  the  Lord,  when  he  should  appear,  should 
purify  the  sons  of  Levi  from  their  unrighteousness, 
and  refine  them  as  metal  from  the  dross,  (1-4), 
(see  Isaiah  i.  25,)  and  then  "  the  offering  of  Judah.' ' 
the  spiritual  sacrifice  of  the  heart,  should  "  be 
pleasant  unto  the  Lord  as  in  the  days  of  old,"  and 
the  Lord  would  quickly  exterminate  the  corrup- 
tions and  adulteries  that  prevailed.  The  prophecy 
concludes  with  an  earnest  exhortation  to  repent- 
ance, and  a  strict  observance  of  the  Law. — Dr. 
Gray's  Key,  in  loc. ;  Home's  Criticiil  Introduction. 
The  latter  part  of  ver.  II,  Malachi  i.  relative  to 
the  Mincha,  or  Bread  offering,  to  be  generally 
offered  up,  was  considered  in  the  primitive  Church 
as  an  express  prophecy  of  the  Christian  sacrifice  in 
the  Eucharist,  of  which  the  circumstances  are 
there  described  under  the  typical  rites  of  the  Jew- 
ish worship. — Vide  Mede's  Discourses  on  the  Chris- 
tian Sacrifice. 

4  T* 


1170 


MALACHI  PROPHESIES 


[Pehiod  VIII. 


•  13.66.  19.20. 


might  have  blown 
it  away. 


p  Le.  22.  20,  &c. 


t  Or,  in  whose 
fiuck  is. 


a  Ta.  47.  2.  1  Ti 
6.  15. 


r  Le.  2(1.  14,  &c. 
De.  28.  15,  &c. 


J  Or,  reprove. 
*  Heb.  scatter. 


^  Or,  it  shall  take 

you  away  to  it. 
3  1  Ki.  14.  10. 


t  Nu.  25.  12.  Ez. 
34.  25.  &  37.  26. 


rGe.  5.  22.  Je. 

23.  22.  Ja.  5.  20. 
tc  De.  17.  9,  10. 

&  24.  8.  Lo.  10. 

11.  Ezra  7.  10. 

Je.  18.  18.  Hag. 

2.  11,  12. 
X  Gal.  4.  14. 
y  1  Sa.  2.  17.  Je. 

18.  15. 
J  Ot, fallinlhe 

law. 

z  Ne.  13.  29. 
a  1  Sa.  2.  30. 

*  Or,  lifted  up  the 
face  against. 
Heb.  accepted 
faces. 
b  1  Co.  8.6.  Epli. 


t  Or,  ought  to 

love. 
e  Ezra  9.  1.  &.10. 

2.  Ne.  13.  23. 

%  Or,  Him  that 
tpnkcth,  and  him 
that  aiiswcreth. 

d  Ne.  13.  28,  29. 


And  a  pure  offering  ; 

For  "my  name  shall  be  great  among  the  heathen,  saith  the  Lord  of 
1-  But  ye  have  profaned  it,  in  that  ye  say,  [hosts. 

"  The  table  of  the  Lord  is  polluted  ; 

And  the  fruit  thereof,  even  his  meat,  is  contemptible." 
13  Ye  said  also,  "  Behold,  what  a  weariness  is  it  1  " 

*And  ye  have  snuffed  at  it,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts ; 

And  ye  brought  that  which  was  torn,  and  the  lame,  and  the  sick  ; 

Thus  ye  brought  an  offering  : 

Should  ^I  accept  this  of  your  hand  ?  saith  the  Lord. 
^'^  But  cursed  be  the  deceiver,  Ivvhich  hath  in  his  flock  a  male, 

And  voweth,  and  sacrificeth  unto  the  Lord  a  corrupt  thing ; 

For  'I  am  a  great  King,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

And  my  name  is  dreadful  among  the  heathen. 

1  And  now,  O  ye  priests  !  this  commandment  is  for  you.       Mal.  ii. 

2  If  "^ye  will  not  hear,  and  if  ye  will  not  lay  it  to  heart. 
To  give  glory  unto  my  name,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

I  will  even  send  a  curse  upon  you,  and  I  will  curse  your  blessings : 
Yea,  I  have  cursed  them  already,  because  ye  do  not  lay  it  to  heart. 

3  Behold,  I  will  Icorrupt  your  seed. 
And  *spread  dung  upon  your  faces, 
Even  the  dung  of  your  solemn  feasts  ; 
And  tone  shall  'take  you  away  with  it. 

^  And  ye  shall  know 

That  I  have  sent  this  commandment  unto  you. 

That  my  covenant  might  be  with  Levi,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^  My  'covenant  was  with  him  of  life  and  peace  ; 

And  I  gave  them  to  him 

For  "the  fear  wherewith  he  feared  me, 

And  was  afraid  before  my  name. 
^  The  law  of  truth  was  in  his  mouth, 

And  iniquity  was  not  found  in  his  hps  ; 

He  walked  with  me  in  peace  and  equity, 

And  did  "turn  many  away  from  iniquity. 
■^  For  "the  priest's  lips  should  keep  knowledge, 

And  they  should  seek  the  law  at  his  mouth  ; 

For  ""he  is  the  messenger  of  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^  But  ye  are  departed  out  of  the  way  ; 

Ye  ^have  caused  many  to  tstumble  at  the  law  ; 

Ye  ''have  corrupted  the  covenant  of  Levi,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
9  Therefore  "have  I  also  made  you  contemptible 

And  base  before  all  the  peoj)le. 

According  as  ye  have  not  kci)t  my  ways, 

But  *have  been  partial  in  the  law. 
'"  Have  Sve  not  all  one  father  ? 

Hath  not  one  God  created  us? 

Why  do  we  deal  treacherously  every  man  against  his  brother, 

By  prolaning  the  covenant  of  our  fathers  ? 
1^  Judah  iiath  dealt  treacherously. 

And  an  abomination  is  committed  in  Israel  iind  in  .Ternsalem  ; 

For  Judah  hath  profaned  the  holiness  of  the  Lord  which  he  tloved, 

And  'hath  married  tiie  daughter  of  a  strange  god. 

12  The  Lord  will  cut  off  the  man  that  doeth  this, 
tTlie  master  and  the  scholar. 
Out  of  the  tabernacles  of  Jacob, 
And  ''him  that  offereth  an  offering  unto  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

13  And  this  have  ye  done  again. 


Part  IH.] 


THE  COMING  OF  THE  MESSIAH. 


1171 


/Pr.  2.  17. 

g  Mat.  19.  4,  5. 


I  Heb.  a  seed  of 
Ood.  Ezra  9.  2. 
1  Co.  7.  14. 

J  Or,  unfaithfully. 

h  De.  24.  1.  Mat. 

5.  32.  &  19.  8.. 
*  Or,  If  he  hate 

her,  put  her 

away. 
t  Heb.  to  put 

axcay. 


jMat.  11. 10.  Ma. 
1.2.  Lu.  1.7b. 
&  7.  27.  Jo.  1. 


I  Is.  63.  9. 
m  Hag.  2.  7. 


n  Re.  6.  17. 

o  See  Is.  4.  4. 

Mat.  3.  10-12. 
n  Is.  1.  25.  Zee. 

13.  9.  Lu.  3.  16. 


q  1  Pe.  2.  5. 


J  Or,  ancient. 


rZec.  5.  4.  Ja.5. 
4,  12. 
*  Or,  defraud. 


,  Nu.  23.  19.  Ho. 
11.  29.  Ja.  1.17. 


Covering  the  altar  of  the  Lord  with  tears, 

With  weeping,  and  with  crying  out, 

Insomuch  that  he  regardeth  not  the  offering  any  more, 

Or  receiveth  it  with  good  will  at  your  hand. 
^"^  Yet  ye  say,  "  Wherefore  ?  " 

Because  the  Lord  hath  been  witness 

Between  thee  and  'the  wife  of  thy  youth, 

Against  whom  thou  hast  dealt  treacherously  ; 

Yet  -^is  she  thy  companion,  and  the  wife  of  thy  covenant. 
^  And  ^did  not  he  make  one  ? 

Yet  had  he  the  *residue  of  the  Spirit. 

And  wherefore  one  ? 

That  he  might  seek  ta  godly  seed. 

Therefore  take  heed  to  your  spirit, 

And  let  none  deal  treacherously  against  the  wife  of  his  youth. 
6  For  Hhe  Lord,  the  God  of  Israel,  saith 

*That  he  hateth  iputting  away  ; 

For  one  covereth  violence  with  his  garment,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts  : 

Therefore  take  heed  to  your  spirit, 

That  ye  deal  not  treacherously. 

1'^  Ye  'have  wearied  the  Lord  with  your  words. 

Yet  ye  say,  Wherein  have  we  wearied  him  ? 

When  ye  say,  "  Every  one  that  doeth  evil 

Is  good  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord,  and  he  delighteth  in  them  ;  " 

Or,  "  Where  is  the  God  of  judgment  ? " 

^  Behold,  'I  will  send  my  Messenger,  Malachi  UL 

And  he  shall  ^prepare  the  way  before  me  ;  ^-^^• 

And  the  Lord,  whom  ye  seek, 

Shall  suddenly  come  to  his  temple. 

Even  'the  messenger  of  the  covenant,  whom  ye  delight  in : 

Behold,  '"he  shall  come,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
2  But  who  may  abide  the  day  of  his  coming  ? 

And  "who  shall  stand  when  he  appeareth? 

For  "he  is  like  a  refiner's  fire,  and  like  fullers'  soap : 
^  And  ''he  shall  sit  as  a  refiner  and  purifier  of  silver ; 

And  he  shall  purify  the  sons  of  Levi, 

And  purge  them  as  gold  and  silver. 

That  they  may  'offer  unto  the  Lord  an  offering  in  righteousness. 
^  Then  shall  the  offering  of  Judah  and  Jerusalem 

Be  pleasant  unto  the  Lord, 

As  in  the  days  of  old, 

And  as  in  tformer  years. 
^  And  I  will  come  near  to  you  to  judgment ; 

And  I  will  be  a  swift  witness  against  the  sorcerers, 

And  against  the  adulterers,  'and  against  false  swearers, 

And  against  those  that  *oppress  the  hireling  in  his  wages. 

The  widow,  and  the  fatherless, 

And  that  turn  aside  the  stranger  from  his  right, 

And  fear  not  me,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^  For  I  am  the  Lord — I  'change  not ; 

Therefore  ye  sons  of  Jacob  are  not  consumed. 

■^  Even  from  the  days  of  'your  fathers 
Ye  are  gone  away  from  mine  ordinances, 
And  have  not  kept  them. 
Return  unto  me,  and  I  will  return  unto  you, 
Saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 

But  ye  said,  "  Wherein  shall  we  return  ?  " 


iGe.  7. 11.  2Ki. 
7.2. 


1172  F^^RTHER  REFORMATION  BY  XEHEMIAH.     [Period  VIU.. 

®  Will  a  man  rob  God  ?     Yet  ye  have  robbed  me. 

But  ye  say,  "'  Wherein  have  we  robbed  thee  ?  " 
u  Ne.  13. 10, 12.        In  "tithes  and  offerings. 

°  Ye  are  cursed  with  a  curse  ; 

For  ve  have  robbed  me,  even  this  whole  nation. 
V Pr. 3. 9, 10.  10  Bring  'ye  all  the  tithes  into  the  storehouse, 

That  there  may  be  meat  in  my  house, 

And  prove  me  now  herewith,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts, 

If  I  will  not  open  you  the  "windows  of  heaven, 
t  Heb.  empty  out.       And  tpour  vou  out  a  blessing, 

2  Ch  31   10 

That  there  shall  not  be  room  enough  to  receive  it. 
z  Am.  4. 9.  11  And  I  will  rebuke  the  "^devourer  for  your  sakes, 

t  Heh.  corrupt.  And  lic  shall  uot  tdcstroy  the  fruits  of  your  ground  ; 

Neither  shall  your  vine  cast  her  fruit  before  the  time  in  the  field, 

Saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^^  And  all  nations  shall  call  you  blessed  ; 

For  ye  shall  be  a  delightsome  land,  saitii  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
^^  Your  words  have  been  stout  against  me,  saith  the  Lord. 

Yet  ye  sav,  What  have  we  spoken  so  much  against  thee? 
y  Job  21. 14, 15.    I'l  Ye  "iiave  said. 

&  *2.  17.  Ps.  73.  _      .  .  ,^      , 

13.  Zep.  1. 12.         ''  It  IS  vain  to  serve  (jrod  : 

*  Heb.  observa-         And  whut  profit  is  it  that  we  have  kept  his  *ordinance, 

t  nib.  in  black.         And  that  we  have  walked  f  mournfully  before  the  Lord  of  hosts  ? 

^^  And  now,  we  call  the  proud  happy  ; 
t  Heb.  buiu.  Yea,  they  that  work  wickedness  are  Iset  up  ; 
Yea,  they  that  tempt  God  are  even  delivered." 

SECT.  VII.  Secticv  VIL — Further  Reformation  hy  Neliemiah. 

Nehemiah  xiii.  4,  to  the  end. 

A-  M.  3576  to  jy^ehevdah  on  his  return  cniiseth  the  chimbcrs  to  be  cleansed.     10  He  reformeth  the  ojices  in  the  house 
^^^-  of  God.     15  The  rio/ation  of  the  Sabbath,  23  and  the  marriages  tcith  strange  icives. 

'409.  4  And  before  this,  Eliashib  the  priest,  *having  the  oversight  of  the 

.  .1  v.T~     ...    chamber  of  the  house  of  our  God,  was  allied  unto  Tobiah.  ^  And  he 

*  Heb.  being  set  -,.  ,,  ^  .  ii-jl 

over.  Ne.  12. 44.  had  prepared  for  hun  a  great  chamber,  where  aloretime  they  laid  the 

meat  ofterings,  the  frankincense,  and  the  vessels,  and  the  tithes  of  the 

tHeb.  tAccom-     com,  the  ucw  winc,  and  the  oil,  fwhich  was  commanded  to  be  given 

LevUes.  Nu.  18.   to  the  Lcvitcs,  and  the    singers,  and  the  porters  ;  and  the  offerings  of 

the  priests.  ^  But  in  all  this  time  was  not  I  at  Jerusalem  ;   for  in  the 

two  and  thirtieth  year  of  Arta.xer.ves  king  of  Babylon  came  I  unto  the 

t  Heb.  at  the  end   king,  and  tafter  certain   *^"'  days  *obtained  I  leave  of  the  king.  "And 

.Or,Teame*«y    I  camc  to  Jerusalem,  and  understood  of  the  evil   that  Eliashib  did  for 

requested.  Tobiah,in  preparing  him  a  chamber  in  the  courts  of  the  house  of  God. 

^  And  it  grieved  me  sore  ;  therefore  I  cast  forth  all  the  household  stuff 

of  Tobiah  out  of  the  chamber.  ''  Then  I  commanded,  and  they  cleansed 

the  chambers ;  and  thither  brought  I  again  the  vessels  of  the  house  of 

God,  with  the  meat  offering  and  the  frankincense. 

a  Mai.  3. 8  ^^  ^nd  I  peiceivcd  that  the  portions  of  the  Levites  had  "not  been 

given  them  ;  for  the  Levites  and  the  singers,  that  did  the  work,  were 

4  1'r.  28. 4.  fled  every  one  to  his  field.   "  Then  ''contended  1  with  the  rulers,  and 

said,  "  Why  is  the  house  of  God  forsaken  ?  "     And  I  gathered  them 

(•"')  It  is  not  possible  to  ascertain  what  length  of  the  street,  and  the  walls  in  troublous  times,"  he 
time  Nehemiah  remained  in  Persia.  Prideaux,  to  had  the  happiness  of  effecting  the  civil  and  re- 
allow  a  sufficient  time  for  the  corruptions  that  took  ligious  reformation  of  his  people.  The  piety  of 
place  during  his  absence,  supposes  it  at  least  five  Nehomiali  is  beautifully  illustrated  in  those  devout 
years ;  and  Dr.  Hales,  twelve  years.  But  we  can-  supplications  he  offers  up  to  the  throne  of  grace, 
not  now  determine  accurately  how  long  he  was  (ver.  14,  22.  31)  :  while  with  calm  but  persevering 
absent  from  his  own  country,  when  he  returned  to  fidelity  and  firmness,  he  performs  his  most  im- 
it.  or  how  long  he  survived  his  return.  He  at  all  portaiit  duties,  checks  every  abuse,  and  brings 
times  displayed  the  most  disinterested  zeal  in  the  again  every  thing  in  subjection  to  the  ancient 
service  of  his  country  ;  and  after  havin?  "  rebuilt  Law. 


21,24 


Part  III.] 

I  Heb.  standing. 
I  Or,  storehouses. 


*  Heb.  at  their 
hand. 


c  1  Co.  4.  2. 
t  Heb.  it  wag 
upon  them. 
I  Heb.  kindnesses. 

*  Or,  ob.'ierva- 

tioiis. 
d  See  Ge.  2.  3. 

E.\.  20.  10. 

c  Je.  17.  21,  22. 


FURTHER  REFORMATION  BY  NEHEMIAII. 


1173 


/Le.23.  32 


J  Or,  multitude. 


*  Heb.  had  made 
t,i  dLcdl  with 
tbem.  Ezra  9.  2. 

\  Heb.  they  dis- 
cerned not  to 
speak. 

X  Heb.  of  people 
and  people. 

*  Or,  reviled. 
n-  Ezra  10.  5. 

h  I  Ki.  11.  1,  &.C. 

i  1  Ki.  3.  13. 
2  Ch.  1.  2. 
j  2  Sa.  12.  24. 
A  1  Ki.  U.  4,  &.C. 


t  Heb.  for  the  de- 
filings  of 

I  Mai.  2.  4,  11, 
12. 


together,  and  set  them  in  their  tplace.  I'-Then  brought  all  Judah  the 
tithe  of  the  corn  and  the  new  wine  and  the  oil  unto  the  ttreasuries. 
13  And  I  made  treasurers  over  the  treasuries,  Shelemiah  the  priest,  and 
Zadok  the  scribe,  and  of  the  Levites,  Pedaiah  :  and  *ne.\t  to  them  was 
Hanan  the  son  of  Zaccur,  the  son  of  Mattaniah  ;  for  they  were  counted 
'faithful,  and  ttheir  office  was  to  distribute  unto  their  brethren. — 
i"*  Remember  me,  O  my  God  !  concerning  this,  and  wipe  not  out  my 
tgood  deeds  that  I  have  done  for  the  house  of  my  God,  and  for  the 
*offices  thereof. 

15  In  those  days  saw  I  in  Judah  some  treading  wine-presses  "on  the 
Sabbath,  and  bringing  in  sheaves,  and  lading  asses  ;  as  also  wine, 
grapes,  and  figs,  and  all  manner  of  burdens,  'which  they  brought  into 
Jerusalem  on  "the  Sabbath  day :  and  1  testified  against  them  in  the  day 
wherein  they  sold  victuals.  ^^  There  dwelt  men  of  Tyre  also  therein, 
which  brought  fish,  and  all  manner  of  ware,  and  sold  on  the  Sabbath 
unto  the  children  of  Judah,  and  in  Jerusalem.  ^^  Then  I  contended 
with  the  nobles  of  Judah,  and  said  unto  them,  "  What  evil  thing  is 
this  that  ye  do,  and  profane  the  Sabbath  day  ?  ^^  Did  not  your  fathers 
thus,  and  did  not  our  God  bring  all  this  evil  upon  us,  and  upon  this 
city  ?  yet  ye  bring  more  wrath  upon  Israel  by  profaning  the  Sabbath." 
19  And  it  came  to^'pass,  that  when  the  gates  of  Jerusalem  -^began  to  be 
dark  before  the  Sabbath,  I  commanded  that  the  gates  should  be  shut, 
and  charged  that  they  should  not  be  opened  till  after  the  Sabbath  ; 
and  some  of  my  servants  set  I  at  the  gates,  that  there  should  no  bur- 
den be  brought  in  on  the  Sabbath  day.  "-'^  So  the  merchants  and  sellers 
of  all  kind  of  ware  lodged  without  Jerusalem  once  or  twice,  -i  Then 
I  testified  against  them,  and  said  unto  them,  "  Why  lodge  ye  tabout 
the  wall  ?  if  ye  do  so  again,  I  will  lay  hands  on  you."  From  that  time 
forth  came  they  no  more  on  the  Sabbath.  ~~  And  I  commanded  the 
Levites  that  they  should  cleanse  themselves,  and  that  they  should  come 
and  keep  the  gates,  to  sanctify  the  Sabbath  day.— Remember  me, 
O  my  God  !  concerning  this  also,  and  spare  me  according  to  the  tgreat- 
ness  of  thy  mercy. 

2-^  In  those  days  also  saw  I  Jews  that  *had  married  wives  of  Ashdod, 
of  Amnion,  and  of  Moab.  ~^And  their  children  spake  half  in  the 
speech  of  Ashdod,  and  fcould  not  speak  in  the  Jews'  language,  but 
according  to  the  language  tof  each  people.  ^5  And  I  contended  with 
them,  and  *cursed  them,  and  smote  certain  of  them,  and  plucked  oft^ 
their  hair,  and  made  them  'swear  by  God,  saying,  "  Ye  shall  not  give 
your  daughters  unto  their  sons,  nor  take  their  daughters  unto  your 
sons,  or  for  yourselves.  -^  Did  ''not  Solomon  king  of  Israel  sin  by  these 
things?  yet'among  many  nations  was  there  no  king  like  him,  'who 
was°beloved  of  his  God,  and  God  made  him  king  over  all  Jsrael ; 
'^nevertheless  even  him  did  outlandish  women  cause  to  sin.  ^^  Shall 
we  then  hearken  unto  you  to  do  all  this  great  evil,  to  transgress  against 
our  God  in  marrying  strange  wives  ?  "  ^^  And  one  of  the  sons  of  Joiada, 
the  son  of  Eliashib  the  high  priest,  was  son-in-law  to  Sanballat  the 
Horonite  ;  therefore  I  chased  him  from  me.— '^^  Remember  them,  O 
-  my  God  !  tbecause  they  have  defiled  the  priesthood,  and  'the  covenant 
of  the  priesthood,  and  of  the  Levites.  ^^  Thus  cleansed  I  them  from 
all  strangers,  and  appointed  the  wards  of  the  priests  and  the  Levites, 
every  one  in  his  business  ;  ^^  and  for  the  wood  oftering,  at  times 
appointed,  and  for  the  first  fruits.—Remember  me,  O  my  God,  for 
good ! 


1174  FINAL  PROPHECY  OF  THE  OLD  TESTAMENT.     [Pcuiop  VIll. 

SECT.  VIII.     Section  VIII. — Final  Prophecy  of  the  Old    Testament — 3Ialachi  foretells 
the  Advent  of  John  the  Baptist,  the  Forerunner  of  the  Saviour. 

A.   M.   about  -^                                J-         '                                         J 

3604.  Malachi  iii.  16,  to  the  end,  and  iv. 

B.  C.  about  ji/^g  promise  of  blessing  to  them  that  fear  God.— Chap.  iv.   1  God's  fud^ment  on  the  wicked,  2  and 

'^^^  his  blessing  on  the  good.    4  He  exhorlelh  to  the  study  of  the  law,  b  and  telleth  of  Elijah's  coming 

and  office. 

aHeb. 3.  13.  ^^ Then  they  that  feared  the  Lord  "spake  often  one  to  another: 

And  the  Lord  hearkened,  and  heard  it, 
i  Ps.  56. 8.  i3. 65.       And  'a  book  of  remembrance  was  written  before  him 

For  them  that  feared  the  Lord, 

And  that  thought  upon  liis  name. 
cSceGe.  17. 8.     17  And  '^they  shall  be  mine,  saith  the  Lord  of  liosts, 
*  Or,  special  In  that  day  when  I  make  up  my  *  jewels  ; 

ea^ure.  ^^^  j   ^^  .  jj   g^^^.^    ^I^g,^-,     ^g  ^  jj^jjp   SparCth 

His  own  son  that  serveth  him. 
^^  Then  shall  ye  return,  and  discern 
Between  the  righteous  and  the  wicked, 
Between  him  that  serveth  God 
And  him  that  serveth  him  not. 
djoei2.3i.2Pe.  ^  For,   behold,  ''the  day  cometh  that  shall  burn  as     Malachi  iv. 

an  oven  ; 
And  all  the  proud,  yea,  and  all  that  do  wickedly,  shall  be  stubble : 
And  the  day  that  cometh  shall  burn  them  up,  saith  the  Lord  of 
That  it  shall  leave  them  neither  root  nor  branch.*^"  [hosts, 

'^  But  unto  you  that  fear  my  name 
e  i-u- 1- 78.  Eph.        Shall  the  'Sun  of  Righteousness  arise,  with  healing  in  his  wings  ; 
19.  Re.  2. 28. '         And  ye  shall  go  forth,  and  grow  up  as  calves  of  the  stall. 
■^fifc^T^io^^Zec.    ^  And  ■'ye  shall  tread  down  the  wicked ; 
'<'•  5-  For  they  shall  be  ashes  under  the  soles  of  your  feet 

In  the  day  that  I  shall  do  this,  saith  the  Lord  of  hosts. 
g  Ex.  20. 3,  &c.  4  Remember  ye  the  ^law  of  Moses  my  servant, 

ADe.  4. 10.  Which  I  commanded  unto  him  Mn  Horeb  for  all  Israel, 

With  the  statutes  and  judgments. 
Behold,  I  will  send  you  ^Elijah  the  prophet 


iMat.  11.  14.  & 
17.  11.  Ma.  9. 


Lu.'i.  17.'  Before  -'he  coming  of  the  great  and  dreadful  day  of  the  Lord  ; 


Joel  2.  31. 


k  Zee.  14.  1 
I  Zee.  5.  3. 


And  he  shall  turn  the  heart  of  the  fathers  to  the  children, 
And  the  heart  of  the  children  to  their  fathers, 
Lest  I  come  and  *smite  the  earth  with  a  'curse. 


(■")  The  apparent  connection  of  this  verse  with  man  that  cometh  into  the   world."     The  promises 

the  two  last  of  the   preceding  chapter  has  induced  of  temporal  deliverance,  in  ver.  2,  and  chap.  iii.  17, 

me  to  make  this  division.     The   description  con-  18,  were  wonderfully  made  good  in  the  preserva- 

tained  in  these  verses  seems   to   have  a  primary  tion  of  the  Christians  ;  who,  trusting  in  the  provi- 

reference  to  the  destruction  of  Jerusalem   by   the  dence  and  promises  of  God,  fled  into  the  mountains, 

Romans,  A.  D.  70,  by  which  is  prefigured  the  last  and  thereby  escaped  the  general  destruction  of  the 

general  judgment  of  mankind,  when  the  Lord  will  Jewish  nation. 

finally  distinguish  between  the  righteous  and  the         As  the  spirit  of  prophecy  was  now  to  cease,  the 

wicked ;  when   the    mysteries   of  His    providence  Messiah    having   been    clearly    and    progressively 

will  be  clearly  unfolded,  and  His  waj's  be  justified  made  known  to  the  Jews,  by  a  long  succession  of 

to  man.     The  expression,    "Behold  the  day  com-  propliets,  and  in  prophecies  more  and  more  distinct ; 

eth,"  is,  in  its  secondary  application,  equally  appli-  Malachi  at  last  concludes  his  mission,  by  enjoining 

cable  both  to  Jews  and  Christians.     We  know  how  a  strict  observance  of  the  Law  of  Moses,  till  Elijah 

truly  these  predictions  have  been  verified  in  their  the  messenger  of  the  Lord  should  appear,  "to  turn 

primary    signification;    and    we    therefore    cannot  the  hearts  of  the  disobedient  to  tlie  wisdom  of  the 

doubt  but  their  further  accomplishment  will   be  as  just."    Thus  Malachi  (as  Dr.  Gray  ob.serves)  sealed 

literally   fulfilled.     But  amidst  all  these   "terrors  up  the  volume  of  prophecy,  in  a  description  of  that 

of  the  Lord,"  the  prophet  is  permitted  to  give  an  personage,  with  an  account  of  whom  the  Evange- 

assurance  of  approaching  salvation  to  those   who  lists  begin  their  Gospel  history  ;  who  was  appointed 

trust  in  God.     "  The   Sun  of  righteousness  shall  to  prepare  the  way  for  the  establishment  of  a  new 

arise  with  healing  in  his  wings,"  to  give  light   to  and  a  better  dispensation,  and  he  who  terminated 

those  that  sit  in  the  shadow  of  death,  and   to  heal  the  illustrious  succession  of  the  prophets,  and  pre- 

the  transgressions  of  his  people.     What  the  sun  is  dieted  the  coming  of  the  Baptist,  received  the  testi- 

to    the   natural    world,  Christ   is   to    the    spiritual  mony  of  our  Saviour,  who  defined  the   period  and 

world  ;    "  In    him    we    live,    move,  and  have   our  extent  of  prophecy,  by   declaring    (Matt.    xi.  13.) 

I)cing."     He  is  "  the  true  light  thnt  ligliteth  every  that  "  all  the  prophets  prophesied  imtil  John." 


Part  111. 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


1175 


Section  IX. — Detached  Genealogies,  Successions,  and  Events,  inserted 

probabli/  at  the  Completion  of  the  CanonS*'-^ 

1  Chron.  i.  to  ix.  and  Nkhemiah  xii.  10-2G. 

§  1. — ICuuov.i.  Adam's  line  to  Noah.    5  Jlie  sons  of  Japheth.    ^  The  sons  of  Ham.    \1  The  sons 

of  Shem.     24  Shem's  line  to  Abraham.     "29  Ishmael's  sons.     32  The  sons  of  Keturah.     3^1  The 

posterity  of  Abraham  hij  Esau.     43  The  Icings  of  Edom.     51   The  dukes  of  Edom. 

^  Adam,  "Sheth,  Enosh,  ^  Kenan,  Mahalaleel,  Jered,  ^Henoch,  Me- 
thuselah, Lamech,  ^  Noah,  Shem,  Ham,  and  Japheth. 


(^^)  These  chapters  of  Chronicles  are  placed  last 
in  this  Arrangement,  as  they  contain  many  allusions 
to  the  events  of  the  captivity,  and  the  latter  events 
of  the  Jewish  history.  In  chap  iii.  the  genealogy 
of  the  family  of  Zerubbabel  is  carried  down  to  the 
time  of  Alexander  the  Great,  or  even  later  ;  that 
is,  nearly  to  the  period  when  Simon  the  Just  finally 
completed,  as  the  last  of  the  Great  Synagogue,  the 
canon  of  the  Old  Testament.  These  genealogical 
tables,  therefore,  were  written  after  the  time  of 
Ezra,  and  were  probably  prefixed  by  Simon  the 
Just  to  the  Book  of  Chronicles,  as  an  appropriate 
introduction.  The  other  chapters  of  Chronicles 
are  inserted  in  their  respective  places  in  the 
Arrangement. 

Lightfoot  endeavoured  to  insert  in  the  several 
parts  of  his  Chronicle,  various  passages  from  these 
first  chapters  :  he  has,  however,  placed  them  again 
by  themselves  towards  the  conclusion  of  his  work, 
and  confesses  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to  harmo- 
nize the  contents  with  the  rest  of  Scripture,  on  ac- 
count of  the  manner  in  which  the  incidents  noticed 
in  these  tables  are  interwoven  with  the  context.  I 
have  followed  therefore  his  plan,  and  after  many 
attempts  to  insert  particular  passages  in  the  preced- 
ing arrangement,  have  referred  the  whole  first  nine 
chapters  to  the  time  when  they  were  not  im- 
probably prefixed  to  the  remainder  of  the  First  Book 
of  Chronicles. 

The  Jews  comprise  the  two  Books  of  Chronicles 
in  one  book,  which  they  call  Dihrc  Hajumui,  that 
is.  The  Words  of  Daijs,  probably  from  the  circum- 
stance of  their  being  compiled  out  of  diaries  or 
annals,  in  which  were  recorded  the  various  events 
related  in  these  books.  In  the  Septuagint  version 
they  are  termed  nLCQaXsino/Lieru,  (Paralipomena), 
or  Things  omitted ;  because  many  things  which 
were  omitted  in  the  former  part  of  the  sacred 
history  are  here  not  only  supplied,  but  some  narra- 
tions also  are  enlarged,  while  others  are  added. 
The  appellation  of  Chronicles  was  given  to  these 
books  by  Jerome,  because  they  contain  an  abstract, 
in  order  of  time,  of  the  whole  of  the  sacred  history, 
to  the  time  when  they  were  written. 

Concerning  the  author  of  these  books  nothing 
certain  is  known.  Some  think  they  are  the  works 
of  different  authors  ;  but  the  uniformity  of  the 
style,  the  connection  of  t'le  facts,  together  with  the 
recapitulations  and  reflections  which  are  often 
made,  prove  that  they  are  the  work  of  one  and  the 
same  person.  The  Jewish  and  Christian  interpre- 
ters, in  general,  believe  they  were  the  work  of  Ezra, 
assisted  by  the  prophets  Haggai,  Zechariah,  and 
Malachi.  Tliat  Ezra  was  the  author,  is,  on  the 
whole,  the  most  probable  opinion.  There  are  words 
and  terms,  both  in  Chronicles  and  Ezra,  which  are 
siiniliir,  and  prove  that  each  was  written  after  the 
captivity,  and  probably  by  the  same  person,  as 
those  terms  were  not  in  use  previously  to  that  time  ; 
and  some  are  peculiar  to  Ezra  himself.  We  have 
JjriT  'TnD  o-c/f/e/i  caps,  Ezra  i.  10,  viii.  27;  and  in 
1  Chron.  xxviii.  17.  And  n^JTDDTl,  1  Chron.  xxix. 
7,  and  Ezra  ii.  69,  Nehemiah  vii.  70.  And  nnnDi, 
rafts  or  floats,  2  Chron.  ii.  16;  widely  differing 
from  nnm,  1  Kings  v.  9.  ;  which  we  there  trans- 
late in  the  same  way.  Calmet  considers  these 
words  as  strong  evidence  that  these  books  were  the 
work  of  Ezra,  and  penned  after  the  captivity.  It 
is  most  certain  that  the  Books  of  Chronicles  are 
not  the  original  records  or  memorials  of  the   trans- 


actions of  the  sovereigns  of  Israel  and  Judah,  which 
are  so  often  referred  to  in  the  historical  books  of 
tlie  Old  Testament.  Those  ancient  registers  were 
much  more  copious  than  the  Books  of  Chronicles, 
and  have  been  long  lost. 

These  books,  therefore,  can  only  have  been  com- 
piled from  others  written  at  different  times,  some 
before,  and  others  after  the  Babylonish  captivity. 
The  ancient  Jews  took  the  greatest  care  to  register 
their  civil,  military,  and  ecclesiastical  transactions; 
and  the  prophets  appear  to  have  been  employed  for 
this  purpose,  by  the  several  kings  under  whose 
reigns  they  lived.  Samuel,  Nathan,  and  Gad, 
wrote  under  the  reign  of  David,  (1  Chron.  xxix. 
29.)  Nathan,  Ahijah,  and  Iddo,  under  Solomon, 
(2  Chron.  ix.  29.)  Shemaiah  and  Iddo  under 
Rehoboam,  (2  Chron.  xii.  15.)  Isaiah  recorded  the 
transactions  of  Uzziah  and  of  Hezekiah,  (2  Chron. 
xxvi.  22,  and  2  Chron.  xxxii.  32.)  Jeremiah  wrote 
the  history  of  Josiah  and  his  descendants,  the  last 
kings  of  Judah  ;  and  many  more  instances  might 
be  mentioned.  Besides  the  prophets,  we  find  other 
persons  likewise  employed  in  this  office,  who  were 
denominated  recorders,  (2  Sam.  viii.  16,  2  Kings 
xviii.  18,2  Chron.  xxxiv.  8.) 

The  principal  object  of  the  author  of  this  book 
appears  to  have  been  to  point  out  from  the  public 
records,  still  preserved,  the  state  of  the  different 
families  before  the  captivity  ;  that  at  their  return 
they  might  again  possess  their  respective  inherit- 
ances. He  enters  particularly  into  the  duties,  gene- 
alogies, families,  and  orders  of  the  priests  and  Le- 
vites,  that  they  might  more  easily  assume  their 
proper  functions,  and  that  the  worship  of  God 
might  be  conducted  the  same  as  before,  by  the  or- 
dained and  legitimate  persons.  These  books  may 
be  considered  as  an  epitome  of  all  the  sacred  history, 
but  more  especially  from  the  origin  of  the  Jewish 
nation  to  their  return  from  the  first  captivity.  The 
first  book  traces  the  rise  and  propagation  of  the 
people  of  Israel  from  Adam,  and  afterwards  gives 
a  circumstantial  account  of  the  reign  and  transac- 
tions of  David.  In  the  second  book  the  narrative 
is  continued,  and  relates  the  progress  and  dissolu- 
tion of  the  kingdom  of  Judah,  to  the  very  year  of 
the  return  of  the  Jews  from  the  Babylonish  cap- 
tivity :  as  very  little  notice  is  taken  of  the  kings 
of  Israel,  it  is  not  improbable  that  this  book  was 
chiefly  extracted  from  the  records  of  the  kingdom 
of  Judah.  The  period  of  time  embraced  in  the 
Books  of  Chronicles  is  about  3458  years  :  they  may 
be  commodiously  divided  into  four  parts,  viz.  1. 
The  genealogies  of  those  persons  through  whom  the 
Messiah  was  to  descend,  from  Adam  to  the  captivi- 
ty, and  to  the  time  of  Ezra ; — 2.  The  histories  of 
Saul  and  David  ; — 3.  The  history  of  the  united 
kingdoms  of  Israel  and  Judah  under  Solomon  ;  and, 
4.  The  history  of  the  kingdom  of  Judah  after  the 
secession  of  the  ten  tribes  from  Rehoboam  to  its 
utter  subversion  by  Nebuchadnezzar. 

It  will  be  necessary  to  remember,  that  the  terms 
"  father,"  "  son,"  "  begat,"  and  •'  begotten,"  which 
so  frequently  occur  in  these  Hebrew  genealogies, 
do  not  always  denote  an  immediate  son  or  descen- 
dant, but  extend  to  any  distant  progenitor.  Thus, 
in  Gen.  xxix.  5,  Laban  is  called  the  son  of  Nahor, 
though  in  fact  he  was  only  his  grandson  ;  and  simi- 
lar instances  are  often  to  be  foundin  the  Scriptures. 
The  extensive  genealogical  tables  contained  in  the 
Book  of  Chronicles,  are  a  signal   testimony  to  the 


1176 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


[Period  VIIL 


6Ge.  10.2,  &c. 


*  Or,  Diphath,  as 
it  is  in  some 
copies. 

f  Or,  Rodaniin, 
according  to 
some  copies. 

cGe.  10.  6,  &c. 


e  De.  2.  23. 
fGe.  10.  15,  &c 


♦  That  is,  Dicis- 
ion,  Ge.  lU.  25. 


tOe. 

11.  10,  &c. 

Lu. 

D.  34,  &c. 

kGe 

11.  15. 

I  Go. 

17.5. 

mGc 

.  21.  2,  3. 

nGe 

16.  IJ,  15. 

oGf 

25.  13-16. 

tOr, 

Hadar,  Ge 

5. 

pGe 

25.  1,  2. 

q  Ge.  21.  2,  3. 

r  Ge.  2o.  25,  20. 
s  Ge.  36.  9,  10. 
X  Or,  Zcpho,  Ge. 
3(3.  II. 

t  Ge.  36.  20. 


*  Or,  Heman,  Ge. 
36.  22. 

t  Or,  Mean,  Ge. 

36.  23. 
X  Or,  Sfiepho,  Gc. 

3r..  23. 
u  (Je.  36.  25. 

*  Or,  Ueinilan, 
Gc.  36.  26. 

t  Or,  Akan,  Ge. 
36.  27. 
X  Go.  36.  31,  &c. 


^  The  ''sons  of  Japlieth  ;  Gomer,  and  Magog,  and  Madai,  and  Javan, 
and  Tubal,  and  Meshech,  and  Tiras.  ^  And  the  sons  of  Gomer ; 
Ashchenaz,  and  *Riphath,  and  Togarmah.  'And  the  sons  of  Javan; 
Elishah,  and  Tarshish.  Kittini,  and  tDodanim. 

^  The  "sons  of  Ham  ;  Cush,  and  Mizraim,  Put,  and  Canaan.  ^  And 
the  sons  of  Cush  ;  Seba,  and  Havilah,  and  Sabta,  and  Raamah,  and 
Sabtecha.  And  the  sons  of  Raamah;  Sheba,  and  Dedan.  ^''And 
Cush  "begat  Nimrod  :  he  began  to  be  mighty  upon  the  earth.  ^^  And 
Mizraim  begat  Ludim,  and  Anamim,  and  Lehabim,  and  Naphtuhim, 
^-  and  Pathrusim,  and  Casluhini,  (of  whom  came  the  Phihstines,)  and 
'Caphthorim.  ^'^  And  'Canaan  begat  Zidon  his  firstborn,  and  Heth, 
^•^  the  Jebusite  also,  and  the  Amorite,  and  the  Girgashite,  ^-'and  the 
Hivite,  and  the  Arkite,  and  the  Sinite,  "^and  the  Arvadite,  and  the 
Zemarite,  and  the  Hamathite. 

^'  The  .sons  of  ^Shem  ;  Elam,  and  Asshur,  and  Arpha.xad,  and  Lud, 
and  Aram,  and  Uz,  and  Hul,  and  Gether,  and  tMeshech.  ^^  And  Ar- 
phaxad  begat  Shelah,  and  Shelah  begat  Eber.  "  And  unto  Eber  were 
born  two  sons :  the  name  of  the  one  was  *Pelefr,  (because  in  his  days 
the  earth  was  divided  ;)  and  his  brother's  name  was  Joktan.  ^°  And 
''Joktan  begat  Almodad,  and  Sheleph,  and  Hazarmaveth,  and  Jerah, 
^^  Hadoram  also,  and  Uzal,  and  Diklah,  ^^  and  Ebal,  and  Abimael,  and 
Sheba,  ^^  and  Ophir,  and  Havilah,  and  Jobab.  All  these  were  the  sons 
of  Joktan. 

2^  Shem,  ^Arphaxad,  Shelah,  ^s  Eber,  *Peleg,  Reu,  ^e  Serug,  Nahor, 
Terah,  ^''^Abram,  'the  same  is  Abraham.  ^^The  sons  of  Abraham; 
'"Isaac,  and  "Ishmael. 

-•*  These  are  their  generations  :  the  "firstborn  of  Ishmael,  Nebaioth  ; 
then  Kedar,  and  Adbeel,  and  Mibsam,  -'^Mishma,  and  Dumah,  Massa, 
tHadad,  and  Tenia,  -^^Jetur,  Naphish,  and  Kedemah.  These  are  the 
sons  of  Ishmael. 

^^  Now  ''the  sons  of  Keturah,  Abraham's  concubine  :  she  bare  Zimran, 
and  Jokshan,  and  Medan,  and  Midian,  and  Ishbak,  and  Shuah.  And 
the  sons  of  Jokshan  ;  Sheba,  and  Dedan.  ^^  And  the  sons  of  Midian  ; 
Ephah,  and  Epher,  and  Henoch,  and  Abida,  and  Eldaah.  All  these 
are  tfie  sons  of  Keturah. 

^*  And  ^\braham  begat  Isaac.  '^The  sons  of  Isaac  ;  Esau  and  Israel. 
^^The  sons  of  'Esau;  Eliphaz,  Reuel,  and  Jeush,  and  Jaalam,  and 
Korah.  ^'^  The  sons  of  Eliphaz  ;  Teman,  and  Omar.  tZephi,  and  Gatarn, 
Kenaz,  and  Timna.  and  Amalek.  ^'^  The  sons  of  Reuel  ;  Nahath,  Zerah, 
Shammah,  and  Mizzah.  ^*  And  'the  sons  of  Seir  ;  Lotan,  and  Shobal, 
and  Zibeon,  and  Anah,  and  Dishon.  and  Ezar,  and  Dishan.  ^^  And  the 
sons  of  Lotan  ;  Hori,  and  *Homam:  and  Timna  was  Lotan's  sister. 
^''The  sons  of  Shobal;  fAlian,  and  Manahath,  and  Ebal,  tShephi, 
and  Onam.  And  the  sons  of  Zibeon  ;  Aiah,  and  Anah.  '^^  The  sons 
of  Anali ;  "Dishon.  And  the  sons  of  Dishon  ;  *Amram,  and  Eshban, 
and  Ithran,  and  Cheran.  '^'^  The  sons  of  Ezer  ;  Bilhaii,  and  Zavan,  and 
f  Jakan.     The  sons  of  Dishan  ;  Uz,  and  Aran. 

^3  Now  these  are  ""the  kings  that  reigned  in  the  land  of  Edom,  before 
any  king  reigned  over  the  children  of  Israel ;  Bela  the  son  of  Beor : 
and  the  name  of  his  city  was  Diiihabah.  "''  And  when  Bela  was  dead, 
Jobab  the  son  of  Zerah  of  Bozrah  reigned  in  his  stead.  ^^And  when 
Jobab  was  dead,  Husham  of  tlie  land  of  the  Temanites  reigned  in  his 
stead.    '^  And   when   Husham   was  dead.  Hadad   the   son   of    Bedad 


origin  and  preservation  of  the  Jewish  Church 
among  mankind  ;  and  of  t}u'  fulfilment  of  the 
divine  promises  to  Abraham,  thnt  liis  seed  should 
be  nuiltiplied  as  the  sand  upon  the  seasliore,  (Gen. 
.-if.xii  17.)  They  are  also  of  very  great  importance, 
as  exhibiting  "  the  detail  of  the  sacred  line,  through 
which  the  promise   of  the    Messiah   was  transmit- 


ted ;  "  so  that  when  in  the  fulness  of  time  this 
promised  Mediator  was  revealed  in  the  flesh,  the 
Church  and  people  of  God  might  infallibly  know 
that  this  was  that  very  promised  seed  of  the  woman, 
tlie  son  of  Abraham,  and  the  son  of  David. — Dr 
.Adam  Clarke,  in  his  preface  to  Chronicles;  and 
Home's  Critical  Introduction,  in  loc. 


Part  III.] 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


1177 


y  Ge.  3G.  37 


J  Or,  Hadar, 


2  Ge.  36.  40. 
f  Or,  Mvah. 


*  Or,  Jacob, 
a  Ge.  29.  32 


b  Go.  38.  3.  &  40. 

12.  Nu.26.  19. 
c  Ge.  38.  2. 


dGe 


7. 


e  Ge.  38.  29,  30. 

Mat.  1.  3. 
/Ge.  46.  12.  Ru. 

4.  18. 
t  Or,  Zabdi,  Jos. 

7.  1. 
g  1  Ki.  4.  31. 
J  Oi,  Darda. 
h  See  1  Ch.  4.  1. 
*  Or,  ./Sc/ion. 
t  Jos.  6.  18.  &  7. 

1. 
t  Or,  .;3ram,  Mat. 

1.  3,  4. 


fc  See  Ex.  6.  23. 
/  Nu.  1.  7.  &  2.  3. 
*  Or,  Salmon,  Ru. 

4.  21.  Mat.  1.  4. 
m  1  Sa.  16.  6. 
+  Or,  Shammah, 

1  Sa.  16.  9. 
B2Sa.  2.  18. 
o  2  Sa.  17.  25. 
J  2  Sa.  17.  25, 

/£Ara  an  Israelite. 


p  ver.  50. 
5  Ex.  31.  2. 

r  Nu.  27.  1. 

*  Heb.  tank. 

s  Nu.  32.  41.  De. 
3.  14.  Jos.  13. 
30. 


(which  smote  Midian  in  the  field  of  Moab)  reigned  in  his  stead  ;  and 
the  name  of  his  city  was  Avith.  "^  And  when  Hadad  was  dead,  Samlah 
of  Masrekali  reigned  in  his  stead.  ^"^And  Vhen  Samlah  was  dead, 
Shaul  of  Rehoboth  by  the  river  reigned  in  his  stead.  ''^And  when 
Shaul  was  dead,  Baal-hanan  the  son  of  Achbor  reigned  in  his  stead. 
^-  ^°And  when  Baal-hanan  was  dead,  tHadad  reigned  in  his  stead:  and 
D.  the  name  of  Iiis  city  was  *Pai  ;  and  iiis  wife's  name  was  Mehetabel, 
the  daughter  of  Hatred,  the  daughter  of  Mezahab. 

^1  Hadad  died  also.  And  nhe  dukes  of  Edom  were  ;  duke  Timnah, 
duke  tAliah,  duke  Jetheth,  ^-  duke  Aholibamah,  duke  Elah,  duke  Pinon, 
^3  duke  Kenaz,  duke  Teman,  duke  Mibzar,  ^"^  duke  Magdiel,  duke  Iram 
These  are  the  dukes  of  Edom. 

§  2. — 1  Chron.  ii. 

The  sons  of  Israel.  ^  The  posterity  of  Judah  by  Tamar.  13  The  children  of  Jesse.  IH  The 
posterity  of  Caleb  the  son  of  Hezron.  21  Hezron^s  posterity  by  the  daughtei-  of  Machir. 
25  Jerahmeel's  posterity.  34  Slieshayi's  posterity.  42  Another  branch  of  Caleb's  posterity. 
50  The  posterity  of  Caleb  the  son  of  Hur. 

^  These  are  the  sons  of  *Israel ;  "Reuben,  Simeon,  Levi,  and  Judah, 
Issachar,  and  Zebulun,  ~  Dan,  Joseph,  and  Benjamin,  Naphtali,  Gad, 
and  Asher. 

^  The  sons  of  ''Judah  ;  Er,  and  Onan,  and  Shelah  :  which  three 
were  born  unto  him  of  the  daughter  of  'Shua  the  Canaanitess.  And 
"Er,  the  firstborn  of  Judah,  was  evil  in  the  sight  of  the  Lord  ;  and  he 
slew  him.  '*  And  'Tamar  his  daughter-in-law  bare  him  Pharez  and 
Zerah.  All  the  sons  of  Judah  were  five.  ^The  sons  of  ^Pharez; 
Hezron,  and  Hamul.  ^  And  the  sons  of  Zerah  ;  tZimri,  ^and  Ethan, 
and  Heman,  and  Calcol,  and  IDara:  five  of  them  in  all.  '''And  the 
sons  of  'Carmi ;  *Achar,  the  troubler  of  Israel,  who  transgressed  in 
the  thing  'accursed.  ^  And  the  sons  of  Ethan  ;  Azariah.  ^  The  sons 
also  of  Hezron,  that  were  born  unto  him  ;  Jeiahmeel,  and  tRam,  and 
tChelubai.  ^^  And  Ram  ^begat  Amminadab  ;  and  Amminadab  begat 
Nahshon,  'prince  of  the  children  of  Judah  ;  ^^  and  Nahshon  begat 
*Salnia,  and  Salma  begat  Boaz,  i^and  Boaz  begat  Obed,  and  Obed 
begat  Jesse. 

^^  And  "'Jesse  begat  his  firstborn  Eliab,  and  Abinadab  the  second, 
and  tShimma  the  third,  ^^  Nethaneel  the  fourth,  Raddai  the  fifthj 
^^Ozem  the  sixth,  David  the  seventh.  ^"^  Whose  sisters  were  Zeruiah, 
and  Abigail.  "And  the  sons  of  Zeruiah ;  Abishai,  and  Joab,  and 
Asahel,  three.  "  And  "Abigail  bare  Amasa ;  and  the  father  of  Amasa 
was  IJether  the  Ishmaelite. 

^^And  Caleb  the  son  of  Hezron  begat  children  of  Azubah  his  wife, 
and  of  Jerioth.  Her  sons  are  these  ;  Jesher,  and  Shobab,  and  Ardon. 
13  And  when  Azubah  was  dead,  Caleb  took  unto  him  ^'Ephrath,  which 
bare  him  Hur.  ^o  And  Hur  begat  Uri,  and  Uri  begat  'Bezaleel. 

^1  And  afterward  Hezron  went  in  to  the  daughter  of  ""Machir  the 
father  of  Gilead,  whom  he  *married  when  he  was  threescore  years  old  ; 
and  she  bare  him  Segub.  -^  And  Segub  begat  'Jair,  who  had  three  and 
twenty  cities  in  the  land  of  Gilead.  ^^  And  he  took  Geshur,  and  Aram, 
with  the  towns  of  Jair,  from  them,  with  Kenath,  and  the  towns  thereof, 
even  threescore  cities :  all  these  belonged  to  the  sons  of  Machir  the 
father  of  Gilead.  ^^  And  after  that  Hezron  was  dead  in  Caleb-epinatah, 
then  Abiah  Hezron's  wife  bare  him  'Ashur  the  father  of  Tekoa. 

^^And  the  sons  of  Jerahmeel  the  firstborn  of  Hezron  were.  Ram 
the  firstborn,  and  Bunah,  and  Oren,  and  Ozem,  and  Ahijah.  ^^  Jerah- 
meel had  also  another  wife,  whose  name  was  Atarah  ;  she  was  the 
mother  of  Onam.  -'^  And  the  sons  of  Ram  the  firstborn  of  Jerahmeel 
were,  Maaz,  and  Jamin,  and  Eker.  -'^  And  the  sons  of  Onam  were, 
Shammai,  and  Jada.  And  the  sons  of  Shammai  ;  Nadab,  and  Abi- 
148  4  u 


I1T8 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


[Pt-KioD  Via. 


tt  See  Ter.  34, 


a  This  servant 
was  probably  a 
alave  ;  and  this 
was  in  :iccoi(i- 
ance  to  tlie  cus- 
tom of  the  East, 
where, in  defiult 
of  male  issue, 
daughters  are 
given  to  slaves 
in  marriage, 
tliough  the 
father  may  have 
much  property. 
—Ed. 

b  This  was  not 
Caleb  the  son  of 
Jephunneh,  hut 
the  son  of  Hez- 
ron. — Ed. 


y  Jos.  15.  17. 
t  Or,  Ephrath, 
ver.  19. 
1  Or,  Reaiah, 

1  Ch.  4.  2. 

»  Ot,  half  of  the 
Menuchites,  or, 
Hatsi-hammenu- 
cholh. 

f  Or,  Jltarites,  or, 
cro,i,n:s  of  the 
house  ofJoab. 

iJu.  1.  16. 

a  Je.  35.  2. 

$3. 
a  2  Sa.  3.  2. 
6  1  Sa.  27.  3. 

*  Or,  Chileab, 

2  Sa.  3.  3. 
c  2  Sa.  3.  5. 
<i2Sa.  2.  II. 
e2Sa.  5.  5. 
f  2  Sa.  5.  14. 

f  Or,  S^ammuah, 

2  Sd.  5.  14. 
^2Sa.  12.24. 
t  Or,  Bath-shcba, 

2  Sa.  11.  3. 

*  Or,  Hiam,  2  Sa. 
11.3. 

t  Or,  Elishua, 

2  Sa.  5.  15. 
t  Or,  Beeliada, 

1  Ch.  14.  7. 
h  See  2  Sa.  5.  14 

-16. 

i  2  Sa.  13.  1. 
k  1  Ki.  11.  43.  & 

15.6. 

*  Or,  Abijam, 

1  Ki.  15.  1. 

f  Or,  Aiariah, 

2  Ch.  22.  6,  or, 
.Tchoahaz,  2  Ch. 
21.  17. 

t  Or,  Uiziah, 
2  Ki.  15.  30. 


shur.  ^^  And  the  name  of  the  wife  of  Abishur  was  Abihail,  and  she 
bare  him  Ahban,  and  MoHd.  ^°  And  the  sons  of  Nadab  ;  Seled,  and 
Appaim  :  but  Seled  died  witliout  children.  ^^  And  the  sons  of  Appaim  ; 
Ishi.  And  the  sons  of  Ishi  ;  Sheshan.  And  "the  children  of  She- 
shan  ;  Ahlai.  ^-  And  the  sons  of  Jada  the  brother  of  Shammai ;  Jether, 
and  Jonathan:  and  Jether  died  without  children.  ^^And  the  sons  of 
Jonathan  ;  Peleth,  and  Zaza.     These  were  the  sons  of  Jerahmeel. 

^^  Now  Sheshan  had  no  sons,  but  daughters.  And  Sheshan  had  a 
servant,  an  Egyptian,  whose  name  was  Jarha.  ^^And  Sheshan  gave 
his  daughter  to  Jarha  his  ''servant  to  wife  ;  and  she  bare  him  Attar. 
^^And  Attai  begat  Nathan,  and  Nathan  begat  Zabad,  ^'and  Zabad 
begat  Ephlal,  and  Ephlal  begat  Obed,  '^^  and  Obed  begat  Jehu,  and 
Jehu   begat  Azariali,  -'^  and   Azariah   begat   Helez,  and   Helez   begat 


Eleasah,  ^°and  Eleasah   besat   Si 


isamai,  an 


d   Sisamai  begat  Shall 


um, 


'^  and  Shallum  begat  Jekamiah,  and  Jekamiah  begat  Elishama. 

^^  Now  the  sons  of  ^Caleb  the  brother  of  Jerahmeel  were,  Mesha  his 
firstborn,  which  was  the  father  of  Ziph  ;  and  the  sons  of  Mareshah 
the  father  of  Hebron.  '*^And  the  sons  of  Hebron;  Korah,  and  Tap- 
puah,  and  Rekem,  and  Shema.  ^'^  And  Shema  begat  Ptaham,  the  father 
of  Jorkoam  :  and  Rekem  begat  Shammai.  '^'^  And  the  son  of  Shammai 
was  Maon  :  and  Maon  was  the  father  of  Beth-zur.  '^^  And  Ephah, 
Caleb's  concubine,  bare  Haran,  and  Moza,  and  Gazez  ;  and  Haran 
begat  Gazez.  '^''  And  the  sons  of  Jahdai ;  Regem,  and  Jotham,  and  Ge- 
shan,  and  Pelet,  and  Ephah,  and  Shaaph.  "^^Maachah,  Caleb's  concu- 
bine, bare  Sheber,  and  Tirhanah.  '^'^  She  bare  also  Shaaph  the  father  of 
Madmannah,  Sheva  the  father  of  Machbenah,  and  the  father  of  Gibea  ; 
and  the  daughter  of  Caleb  was  '-'Achsah. 

^^  These  were  the  sons  of  Caleb  the  son  of  Hur,  the  firstborn  of 
tEphratah  ;  Shobal  the  father  of  Kirjath-jearim,  ^^  Salma  the  father  of 
Beth-lehem,  Hareph  the  father  of  Beth-gader.  ^-  And  Shobal  the  father 
of  Kirjath-jearim  had  sons  ;  IHaroeh,  and  *half  of  the  Manahethites. 
^^  And  the  families  of  Kirjath-jearim  ;  the  Ithrites,  and  the  Puhites, 
and  the  Shumathites,  and  Mishraites  ;  of  tiiem  came  the  Zareathites, 
and  the  Eshtaulites.  ^'^  The  sons  of  Salma ;  Beth-lehem,  and  the 
Netophathites,  tAtaroth,  the  house  of  Joab,  and  half  of  the  Mana- 
hethites, the  Zorites.  ^^  And  the  families  of  the  scribes  which  dwelt 
at  Jabez  ;  the  Tirathites,  the  Shimeathites,  and  Suchathites.  These 
are  the  ""Kenites  that  came  of  Hemath,  the  father  of  the  house  of 
"Rechab. 

§  3. — 1  Chron.  iii. 
The  sons  of  David.     10  His  line  to  Zedekiah.     17  The  successors  of  JeconiaJi. 

*  Now  these  were  the  sons  of  David,  which  were  born  unto  him  in 
Hebron;  the  firstborn  "Amnon,  of  Ahinoam  the  ''Jezreelitess ;  the 
second  *Daniel,  of  Abigail  the  Carmelitess  :  -the  third,  Absalom  the 
son  of  Maachah  the  daughter  of  Talmai  king  of  Geshur  :  the  fourth, 
Adonijah  the  son  of  Haggith  :  ^  the  fifth,  Shephatiah  of  Abital :  the 
sixth,  Ithream  by  'Eglah  his  wife.  ''Tliese  si.\  were  born  unto  him  in 
Hebron ;  and  ''there  he  reigned  seven  years  and  si.x  months  :  and  'in 
Jerusalem  he  reigned  thirty  and  three  years.  ^  And -^these  were  born 
unto  him  in  Jerusalem  ;  fShimea,  and  Sliobab,  and  Nathan,  and  ^Solo- 
mon, four  of  tBathshua  the  daughter  of  *Ammiel :  ''  Ibhar  also,  and  f  Eli- 
shama,and  Eliphelet,  ~and  Nogah,andNepheg,and  Japhia,  ^and  Elisha- 
ma, and  tEliada,  and  Eliphelet, ''nine.  '■'These  were  all  the  sons  of 
David,  besides  the  sons  of  the  concubines,  and  'Tamar  tlieir  sister. 

'"  And  Solomon's  son  was  'Rehoboam,  *Abia  liis  son,  Asa  his  son, 
Jehoshaphat  his  son,  ^^  Joram  his  son,  lAhaziah  his  son,  Joash  his  son, 
^-Amaziah  his  son,  tAzariah  his  son,  Jotham  his  son,  ^-'Ahaz  his  son, 
Hezekiah  his  son,  Manasseh  his  son,  ^*  Amon  his  son,  Josiah  his  son. 


Part  Ill.l 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


179 


*  Or,  Jehoa/iai, 
2  Ki.  2J.  30. 

t  Or,  El -alum, 
G  Ki.  -Zi.  34. 

I  Or,  MaUaniah, 
2  Ki.  24.  17. 

lUaX.  ].  11. 

*  Or,  Jehuiachin, 
2  Ki.  24.  6.  or, 
CuHiaA,  Je.  22. 
24. 

m  2  Ki.  24.  17, 
being  his  uncle, 
t  Heb.  Shealtid. 
n  Mat.  I.  12. 


X  Heb.  HiskijahiL, 


*  Or,  ChcliLhai,  1 
Ch.  2.  9,  or,  Ca- 
<c6,  1  Ch.  2.  18. 

t  Or,  Haroeh, 
1  Ch.  2.  52. 


*  1  Ch.  2.  50. 
«lCh.  2.  24. 


d  Ge.  34.  19. 

I  That  is,  Sor- 

rowfal. 
*  Heb.  //«Aott 

K)i«,  ij-c. 

t  Heb.  do  me. 


J  Or,  the  city  of 
JVaka^h. 
e  Jos.  15.  17. 

♦  Or,  Hatliath, 
and  Mcuu.othai, 
who  begat,  S;c. 

/Xc.  11.  35. 
I  Or,  inhabitants 

of  the  valley. 
X  That  is,  crafts- 

*  Or,  TJknat. 

a  Michaelis  is  of 
opinion,  that  tlie 
latter  part  of  the 
ISth  verse 
should  be  in- 
serted here  ;  for, 
as  it  now  stands, 
she  is  without  an 
antecedent ;  it  is 
manifest  that  the 
children  are 
mentioned  in 
this  verse,  and 
their  parents  in 
ver.  m. 

t  Or,  the  Jewess. 

X  Or,  Jehiuhiah, 
mentioned  be 
fore. 


^^  And  the  sons  of  Josiali  were,  the  firstborn  *Johanan,  the  second 
fJehoiakim,  the  third  tZedekiah,  the  fourth  Shallum.  ^^  And  the  sons 
of  'Jehoiakiin  :   *Jeconiah  his  son,  Zedekiah  '"his  son. 

^''' And  the  sons  of  Jeconiah  ;  Assir,  tSalathiel  "his  son,  '^  Malchiram 
also,  and  Pedaiah,  and  Shenazar,  Jecainiah,  Hoshama,  and  Nedabiah. 
^^  And  the  sons  of  Pedaiah  were,  Zerubbabel,  and  Shimei  :  and  the 
sons  of  Zerubbabel ;  MeshuUam,  and  Hananiah,  and  Shelomith  their 
sister:    ^Oand   Hashubah,  and  Ohel,  and    Berechiah,  and   Hasadiah, 


Jushab-hesed,  fi\ 


And  the  sons  of  Hananiah  ;  Pelatiah,  and  Je- 


saiah  :  the  sons  of  Rephaiah,  the  sons  of  Arnan,  the  sons  of  Obadiah, 
the  sons  of  Shechaniah.  ^"^  And  the  sons  of  Shechaniah  ;  Shemaiah : 
and  the  sons  of  Shemaiah  ;  "Hattush,  and  Igeal,  and  Bariah,  and 
Neariah,  and  Shaphat,  six.  -^And  the  sons  of  Neariah  ;  Elioenai  and 
IHezekiah,  and  Azrikam,  three.  ^*  And  the  sons  of  Elioenai  were, 
Hodaiah,  and  Eliashib,  and  Pelaiah,  and  Akkub,  and  Johanan,  and  Da- 
laiah  and  Anani,  seven. 

§  4. — 1  Chron.  iv. 
The  pnsteritij  of  Judah  by  Caleb  the  son  of  Hnr.     5  Of  Ashur  the  posthumous  sort  of  Hezron, 
9  Of  Jabez,  and  his  prayer.     21  T7ie  posteriti/  of  Shelah.     24  The  posterity  and  cities  of  Simeon. 
39  Their  conquest  of  Gedor,  and  of  the  Amalekites  in  Mount  Seir. 

^  The  sons  of  Judah  ;  "Pharez,  Hezron,  and  *Carmi,  and  Hur,  and 
Shobal.  ^  And  tReaiah  the  son  of  Shobal  begat  Jahath  ;  and  Jahath 
begat  Ahumai,  and  Lahad.  These  are  the  families  of  the  Zorathites. 
^  And  these  were  of  the  father  of  Etam  ;  Jezreel,  and  Ishma,  and 
Idbash;  and  the  name  of  their  sister  was  Hazelelponi  ;  ''and  Penuel 
the  father  of  Gedor,  and  Ezer  the  father  of  Hushah.  These  are  the 
sons  of  'Hur,  the  firstborn  of  Ephratah,  the  father  of  Beth-lehem. 

^  And  Mshur  the  father  of  Tekoa  had  two  wives,  Helah  and  Naarah. 
^  And  Naarah  bare  him  Ahuzam,  and  Hepher,  and  Temeni,  and  Ha- 
ahashtari.  These  were  the  sons  of  Naarah.  ''  And  the  sons  of  Helah 
were,  Zereth,  and  Jezoar,  and  Ethnan.  ^  And  Coz  begat  Anub,  and 
Zobebah,  and  the  families  of  Aharhel  the  son  of  Harum. 

^  And  Jabez  was  ''more  honorable  than  his  brethren  ;  and  his  mother 
called  his  name  tJabez,  saying,  "  Because  I  bare  him  with  sorrow." 
^^  And  Jabez  called  on  the  God  of  Israel,  saying,  "  *Oh  that  thou 
wouldest  bless  me  indeed,  and  enlarge  my  coast,  and  that  thy  hand 
might  be  with  me,  and  that  thou  wouldest  fkeep  me  from  evil,  that  it 
may  not  grieve  me  !  "   And  God  granted  him  that  which  he  requested. 

^^  And  Chelub  the  brother  of  Shuah  begat  Mehir,  which  was  the 
father  of  Eshton.  ^^And  Eshton  begat  Beth-rapha,  and  Paseah,  and 
Tehinnah  the  father  of  tir-nahash.  These  are  the  men  of  Rechah. 
'^  And  the  sons  of  Kenaz  ;  'Othniel,  and  Seraiah  :  and  the  sons  of 
Othniel;  *Hathath.  ^''And  Meonothai  begat  Ophrah  :  and  Seraiah 
begat  Joab,  the  father  of  ^the  f  valley  of  tCharashim  ;  for  they  were 
craftsmen.  '^  And  the  sons  of  Caleb  the  son  of  Jephunneh  ;  Iru,  Elah, 
and  Naam :  and  the  sons  of  Elah,  *even  Kenaz.  ^^And  the  sons  of 
Jehaleleel ;  Ziph,  and  Ziphah,  Tiria,  and  Asareel.  ^''  And  the  sons  of 
Ezra  were,  Jether,  and  Mered,  and  Epher,  and  Jalon  :  ='and  she  bare 
Miriam,  and  Shammai,  and  Ishbah  the  father  of  Eshtemoa.  ^^And  his 
wife  tJehudijah  bare  Jered  the  father  of  Gedor,  and  Heber  the  father 
of  Socho,  and  Jekuthiel  the  father  of  Zanoah.  And  these  are  the 
sons  of  Bithiah  the  daughter  of  Pharaoh,  which  Mered  took.  ^^  And 
the  sons  of  his  wife  tHodiah  the  sister  of  Naham,  the  father  of  Keilah 
the  Garmite,  and  Eshtemoa  the  Maachathite.  ^^  And  the  sons  of  Shi- 
mon were,  Amnon,  and  Rinnah,  Ben-hanan,  and  Tilon.  And  the  sons 
of  Ishi  were,  Zoheth,  and  Ben-zoheth. 

^'  The  sons  of  Shelah  ^the  son  of  Judah  were,  Er  the  father  of 
Lecah,  and  Laadah  the  father  of  Mareshah,  and  the  families  of  the 
house  of  them  that  wrought  fine  linen,  of  the  house  of  Ashbea,  ^^and 


1 180  TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY.  [Period  VIIL 

Jokim.  and  the  men  of  Chozeba,  and  Joash,  and  Saraph,  who  had  the 

dominion  in  ^loab,  and  Jashubi-lehem.     And  these  are  ancient  things. 

^^  There  were   the   potters,  and   those  that  dwelt  among  plants  and 

hedges ;  where  they  dwelt  with  the  king  for  his  work. 

^b^'io^Ex^^^^'       ^^  '^'^^  ^°"'*  ^^  Simeon  were,  *Nemuel.  and  Jamin,  tJarib,  Zerah, 

15.  and  Shaul :  -^  Shallum  his  son,  Mibsam  his  son,  Mishma  his  son.  ^^  And 

^^Aar^Nu.'ae.    t^e  sons  of  Mishma  ;  Hamuel  his  son,  Zacchur  his  son,  Shimei  his  son. 

^^-  ^^  And   Shimei    had  sixteen  sons  and  six  daughters  ;  but  his  brethren 

i  Heb.  unto.        had  uot  mauv  children,  neither  did  all   their   family  multiply,  tlike  to 

h  Jos.  19. 2.         the  children  of  Judah.  -^  And  they  dwelt  at  ''Beer-sheba,  and  Moladah, 

*or,B(i/aA,  Jos.  and  Hazar-sluial,  -^-'and  at  *Bilhah,  and  at  Ezem,  and  at  iTolad,  ^"and 

\  Or,  Eitoiad,       ^t  Bcthuel,  and  at  Hormah,  and  at  Ziklag,  ^' and  at  Beth-niarcaboth, 

Jos.  19. 4.         and  tHazar-susim,  and  at  Beth-birei,  and  at  Shaaraim.     These  were 

their  cities  unto  the  reign  of  David.  ^^  And  their  villages  were,  *Etam, 

*o^,^Ether,^os.   and   Ain,   Rimmon,  and  Tochen,  and  Ashan,   five  cities:  ^-^  and  all 

t  Or,  Baaiatji-      their  villagcs  that  were  round  about  the  same  cities,  unto  tBaal.    These 

to?Ta^dt    ^^'^^^  ^^^^^  habitations,  and  ttheir  genealogy.  ^^And  Meshobab,  and 

Tided  oicnseiBes   Jamlcch,  and  Joshah  the  son  of  Amaziah,  ^^  and  Joel,  and  Jehu  the 

tLZ!"'"^'^""'"^  son  of  Josibiah,  the  son  of  Seraiah,  the  son  of  Asiel,  ■'^and  Elioenai, 

and  Jaakobah,  and  Jeshohaiah,  and  Asaiah,  and  Adiel,  and  Jesimiel, 

and  Benaiah,  ^~  and  Ziza  the  son  of  Shiphi,  the  son  of  Allon,  the  son 

*  Heb.  coming  by  of  Jcdaiali,  the  son  of  Shimri,  the  son   of  Shemaiah  ;  ^^  these  *men- 

tioned  by  their  names  were  princes  in  their  families  :  and  the  house 
of  their  fathers  increased  greatly. 

^^  And  they  went  to  the  entrance  of  Gedor,  even  unto  the  east  side 
of  the  valley,  to  seek  pasture  for  their  tiocks.  '*•'  And  they  found  fat 
pasture  and  good,  and  the  land  was  wide,  and  quiet,  and  peaceable  ; 
for  they  of  Ham  had  dwelt  there  of  old.  ^^  And  these  written  by  name 

i2Ki.  18.8.  came  in  the  days  of  Hezekiah  king  of  Judah,  and  'smote  their  tents, 
and  the  habitations  that  were  found  there,  and  destroyed  them  utterly 
unto  this  day,  and  dwelt  in  their  rooms  ;  because  there  was  pasture  there 
for  their  flocks.  "*- And  some  of  them,  even  of  the  sons  of  Simeon,  five 
hundred  men,  went  to  Mount  Seir,  having  for  their  captains  Pelatiah, 
and  Neariah,  and  Rephaiah,  and  Uzziel,  the  sons  of  Ishi.  ''^  And  they 

*t  3o.\7!*"  ^^' ^'  smote  *the  rest  of  the  Amalekites  that  were  escaped,  and  dwelt  there 

2  Sa.  8.  12.  y^^Q  jj^Jg  ^^y 

§5. — IChron.v. 

y  ^'  The  line  of  Reuben  (who  lost  his  birthright)   unto  the  captivity.     9   Their  habitation  and  con- 

quest of  the  Hagarites.  11  Tlie  chief  meii  and  habitations  of  Gad.  18  Tlie  number  and  con- 
quest of  Reuben,  Gad,  and  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh.  23  The  habitations  and  chief  men  of  that 
half  tribe.     25  Their  captivity  for  their  sin. 

°49^3^^'  ^^'  ^  ^  Now  the  sons  of  Reuben  the  firstborn  of  Israel,  (for  "he  was  the 
jGe.  35.22.  &     firstbom  ;  but,  forasmuch  as  he  Mefiled  his  father's  bed,  "his  birthright 

^^'  ^'  was  given  unto  the  sons  of  Joseph  the  son  of  Israel  ;  and  the  geneal- 

d  Ge.  49.  8  10.  ^gy  is  not  to  be  reckoned  after  the  birthright,  -  for  ''Judah  prevailed 
« Mic.  5. 2.  iMat.  abovc  his  brethren,  and  of  him  came  the  'chief  *ruler;  but  the  birth- 
*oj]prince.  fight  was  Joscpli's  ;)  ^  the  sons,  1  say,  •'^of  Reuben  the  firstborn  of  Israel 
/Ge.  4fi.  9.  Ex.    Were,  Hanoch,  and  Pallu,  Hezron,  and  Carmi.  ''The  sons  of  Joel; 

6.  !•!.  jvu.  26. 5.  ghgrnaJah  his  son,  Gog  his  son,  Shimei  his  son,  ^  Micah  his  son,  Reaia 
tOr,  Tigiath^i-  his  SOU,  Baal  his  son,  ^  Beerah  his  son,  whom  ^Tilgath-pilneser  king  of 

lescr,  2  Ki.  15.  .  .  ■  '        .  /■     1        T»        1  •  « 

29.  &  16. 7.  Assyria  carried  away  captive  ;  he  was  prince  of  the  Reubenites.  "And 

^sce  ver.  1/.  j^jg  brethren  by  their  families,  "^when  the  genealogy  of  their  generations 
was  reckoned,  were  the  chief,  Jeiel,  and  Zechariah,  ^and  Bela  the  son 

tor,  Shemaiah,  of  Azaz,  the  SOU  of  tShcma,  the  son  of  Joel,  who  dwelt  in  ''Aroer, 

hlos.  13. 15, 16.  even  unto  Nebo  and  Baal-meon  :  '^and  eastward  he  inhabited  unto  the 

i  Jos. 22. 9.  entering  in  of  the  wilderness  from  the  river  Euphrates  ;  because  their 

kGe. 23. 12.  cattle  were  multiplied  *in  the  land  of  Gilcad.   '"And   in   the  days  of 

*  Heb.  upon  all  Saul  they  made  war  with  ''the  Hagarites,  who  fell  by  their  hand  ;  and 
jsLt.'""    "  they  dwelt  in  their  tents  *throughout  all  the  east  land  of  Gilead. 


Part  III. 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


1181 


JJo3.  13.  11,24. 


m  1  Ch.  2T.  29. 
f  Heb.  goings 
forth. 

n  2  Ki.  15.  5,  3S 
«2Ki.  14.  16, 


p  Ge.  25.  15. 
1  Ch.  I.  31. 


q  See  ver.  22. 


■  Ps.  22.  4,  5. 
'  Heb.  led  captive. 


t  Heb.  souls  of 
m«7i.asNu.  31. 


a  2  Ki.  15. 
17.6. 


{  Heb. 
names 

mei 

xof 

4  2  Ki. 

17. 

7. 

«2Ki. 

15 

.19. 

i2Ki. 

15. 

29. 

j,2Ki. 

18.  11 

17. 

6.  & 

$6. 


a  Ge.  46.  11.  Ex. 

6.  16.  Nu.  26. 
57.  1  Ch.  23.  6. 


6  See  ver.  22. 
c  See  Ex.  6.  23. 


daSa.S.  17. 
e  2  Sa.  15.  27. 

fSee2Ch.  26. 

17,  18. 
t  Heb.  in  the 

hntise. 
g  1  Ki.  vi. 
A  See  Ezra  7.  3. 
f  Or,  Mi-shullam, 

ICh.  9.  11. 
r  Ne.  11.  11. 
j9  Ki.25.  18. 

VOL.     I 


^^  And  the  children  of  Gad  dwelt  over  against  them,  in  the  land  of 
'Bashan  unto  Salcah  :  '-  Joel  the  chief,  and  Shapham  the  next,  and 
Jaanai,  and  Shaphat  in  Bashan.  ^'-^  And  their  brethren  of  the  house  of 
their  fathers  were,  Michael,  and  Mesiiullam,  and  Sheba,  and  Jorai,  and 
Jachan,  and  Zia,  and  Heber,  seven.  ^"^  These  are  the  children  of  Abi- 
hail  the  son  of  Huri,  the  son  of  Jaroah,  the  son  of  Gilead,  the  son  of 
Michael,  the  son  of  Jeshishai,  the  son  of  Jahdo,  the  son  of  Buz  ;  ^^  Ahi 
the  son  of  Abdiel,  the  son  of  Guni,  chief  of  the  house  of  their  fathers. 
1*^  And  they  dwelt  in  Gilead  in  Bashan,  and  in  her  towns,  and  in  all  the 
suburbs  of  "Sharon,  upon  their  tborders.  ^^  All  these  were  reckoned  by 
genealogies  in  the  days  of  "Jotham  king  of  Judah,  and  in  the  days  of 
"Jeroboam  king  of  Israel. 

I'^The  sons  of  Reuben,  and  the  Gadites,  and  half  the  tribe  of 
Manasseh,  tof  valiant  men,  (men  able  to  bear  buckler  and  sword,  and 
to  shoot  with  bow,  and  skilful  in  war,)  were  four  and  forty  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  threescore,  that  went  out  to  the  war.  ^^  And  they 
made  war  with  the  Hagarites,  with  Jetur,  and  ''Nephish,  and  Nodab. 
30  And  'they  were  helped  against  them,  and  the  Hagarites  were  de- 
livered into  their  hand,  and  all  that  were  with  them  ;  for  they  cried  to 
God  in  the  battle,  and  he  was  entreated  of  them,  because  they  'put 
their  trust  in  him.  -^  And  they  *took  away  their  cattle  ;  of  their  camels 
fifty  thousand,  and  of  sheep  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand,  and  of 
asses  two  thousand,  and  of  tmen  an  hundred  thousand.  '-^^  For  there 
fell  down  many  slain,  because  the  war  was  of  God.  And  they  dwelt 
in  their  steads  until  'the  captivity. 

23  And  the  children  of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh  dwelt  in  the  land  : 
they  increased  from  Bashan  unto  Baal-hermon  and  Senir,  and  unto 
Mount  Hermon.  ^"^  And  these  were  the  heads  of  the  house  of  their 
fathers,  even  Epher,  and  Ishi,and  Eliel,  and  Azriel,  and  Jeremiah,  and 
Hodaviah,  and  Jahdiel,  mighty  men  of  valor,  Ifamous  men,  and  heads 
of  the  house  of  their  fathers. 

25  And  they  transgressed  against  the  God  of  their  fathers,  and  went 
a  'whoring  after  the  gods  of  the  people  of  the  land,  whom  God  de- 
stroyed before  them,  ^e  And  the  God  of  Israel  stirred  up  the  spirit  of 
"Pul  king  of  Assyria,  and  the  spirit  of  "Tilgath-pilneser  king  of  Assyria, 
and  he  carried  them  away,  (even  the  Reubenites,  and  the  Gadites,  and 
the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,)  and  brought  them  unto  ^Halah,  and  Habor, 
and  Hara,  and  to  the  river  Gozan,  unto  this  day. 

§  6. — 1  Chron.  vi. 
The  .wns  of  Levi.     4  The  line  of  Levi   unto  the  captivity.     16  The  families  of  Gershom,  Mer- 

aH,  and  Kohath.      49  The  ojice  of  Aaron,  and  his  line  unto  Ahimaaz.    54  Tiie  cities  oj  the 

■priests  and  Lcvites. 

'  The  "sons  of  Levi ;  *Gershon,  Kohath,  and  Merari.  ^  And  the  sons 
of  Kohath ;  Amram,  4zhar,  and  Hebron,  and  Uzziel.  ^  And  the  chil- 
dren of  Amram  ;  Aaron,  and  Moses,  and  Miriam.  The  sons  also  of 
Aaron  ;  'Nadab,  and  Abihu,  Eleazar,  and  Ithamar. 

^  Eleazar  begat  Phinehas,  Phinehas  begat  Abishua,  ^  and  Abishua 
begat  Bukki,  and  Bukki  begat  Uzzi,  ^and  Uzzi  begat  Zerahiah,  and 
Zerahiah  begat  Meraioth,  ^  Meraioth  begat  Amariah,  and  Amariah 
begat  Ahitub,  ^and  "Ahitub  begat  Zadok,  and  'Zadok  begat  Ahimaaz, 
9  and  Ahimaaz  begat  Azariah,  and  Azariah  begat  Johanan,  ^°  and  Jo- 
hanan  begat  Azariah,  (he  it  is  -^that  executed  the  priest's  office  fin  the 
temple  that  Solomon  built  in  Jerusalem;)  ^^  and  ^Azariah  begat 
Amariah,  and  Amariah  begat  Ahitub,  ^^and  Ahitub  begat  Zadok,  and 
Zadok  begat  tShallum,  •^and  Shallum  begat  Hilkiah,  and  Hilkiah  begat 
Azariah,  i"  and  Azariah  begat  *Seraiah,  and  Seraiah  begat  Jehozadak, 
15  and  Jehozadak  went  into  captivity,  ^when  the  Lord  carried  away 
Judah  and  Jerusalem  by  the  hand  of  Nebuchadnezzar. 

4  u^* 


1182 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


[Period  VIII. 


k  Ex.  6.  16. 
*  Or,  Oershon, 

ver.  1. 
I  Sec  Ex.  6.  18, 

19. 


t  Or,  Ethan,  ver. 

42. 
J  Or,  Adaiah, 

ver.  41. 

*  Or.  EUini, 
ver.  41. 

t  Or,  hilar,  ver. 

2,  18. 
J  Or,  Zcphaniah, 

Aiariah.,  Juel, 

ver.  30. 
n  See  ver.  35,  36. 

*  Or,  Zuph,  ver. 
35.  1  Sa.  1.  1. 

o  ver.  34,  Toah. 

p  ver.  34,  EUel. 

a  Iliiubiganl  says 
that  we  may 
here  venture  to 
add  Samnd  /u,- 
.?rm,  which  would 
make  the  line 
complete  :  it  is 
evidently  an 
omission. — Ed. 

t  Called  also  ./oci, 
ver.  33.  &.  1  Sa. 
S.  2. 

9lCh.  16.  1. 

J  Heh.  stood. 

r  See  Vs.  88, 
title. 

*  ver.  26,  J^ahath. 
t  Or,  Zophai. 

X  ver.  24,  Shaul, 

Uzziah,  Uriel. 
s  Ex.  6.  24. 
t  See  ver.  21,  Jca- 


*  Called  Jedu- 
tliiin,  1  Ch.  9. 
16.  &  25.  1,  3, 


Le.  1.  9. 

Ex.  30.  7. 


w  Jos.  21.  3-8. 


I  Jos.  21.  11,  12. 


V  Jos.  14.  13.  & 
15.  13. 


J  Or,  Holon,  Jos. 
21.  15. 
*Or,.4i»,Joe.21. 


^•5  The  *sons  of  Levi ;  *Gershom,  Kohath,  and  Merari.  ^^And  these 
be  the  names  of  the  sons  of  Gershom  ;  Libni,  and  Shimei.  ^^  And 
'the  sons  of  Kohath  were,  xlmram.  and  Izhar,  and  Hebron,  and  Uzziel. 
1^  The  sons  of  Merari  ;  Mahh,  and  Mushi.  And  these  are  the  famihes 
of  the  Levites  according  to  their  fathers.  -°  Of  Gershom  ;  Libni  his 
son,  Jahath  his  son,  '"Zimmah  his  son,  -^  tJoah  his  son,  llddo  his  son, 
Zerah  his  son,  *Jeaterai  his  son.  ^^  The  sons  of  Kohath  ;  f  Amminadab 
his  son,  Korah  his  son,  Assir  his  son,  '^^  Elkanah  his  son,  and  Ebiasaph 
his  son,  and  Assir  his  son,  ^^  Tahath  his  son,  tUriel  his  son,  Uzziah  his 
son,  and  Shaul  his  son.  ^^And  the  sons  of  Elkanah;  "Amasai,  and 
Ahimoth.  ^'^  As  for  Elkanah:  the  sons  of  Elkanah;  *Zophai  his  son, 
and  "Nahath  his  son,  -'Eliab  ''his  son,  Jeroham  his  son,  Elkanah  his 
son.'  ^^  And  the  sons  of  Samuel  ;  the  firstborn  tVashni,  and  Abiah." 
~^The  sons  of  Merari;  Mahli,  Libni  his  son,  Shimei  his  son,  Uzza  his 
son,  ^'^  Shimea  his  son,  Haggiah  his  son,  Asaiah  his  son.  ^"  And  these 
are  they  whom  David  set  over  the  service  of  song  in  the  hou.se  of  the 
Lord,  after  that  'the  ark  had  rest.  ^~  And  they  ministered  before  the 
dwelling  place  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation  with  singing, 
until  Solomon  had  built  the  house  of  the  Lord  in  Jerusalem  :  and  then 
they  waited  on  their  office  according  to  their  order.  ^^  And  these  are 
they  that  twaited  with  their  children.  Of  the  sons  of  the  Kohathites  : 
'^Heman  a  singer,  the  son  of  Joel,  the  son  of  Shemucl,  ^'*  the  son  of 
Elkanah,  the  son  of  Jeroham,  the  son  of  Eliel,  the  son  of  *Toah, 
^nhe  son  of  tZuph,  the  son  of  Elkanah,  the  son  of  Mahath,  the  son 
of  Amasai,  ^^  the  son  of  Elkanah,  the  son  of  tJoel,  the  son  of  Aza- 
riah,  the  son  of  Zephaniah,  =^' the  son  of  Tahath,  the  son  of  Assir,  the 
son  of  'Ebiasaph,  the  son  of  Korah,  ^^  the  son  of  Izhar,  the  son  of 
Kohath,  the  son  of  Levi,  the  son  of  Israel.  ^^  And  his  brother  Asaph, 
who  stood  on  his  right  hand,  even  Asaph  the  son  of  Berechiah,  the 
son  of  Shimea,  "^  the  son  of  Michael,  the  son  of  Baaseiah,  the  son  of 
Malchiah,  ^^  the  son  of  'Ethni,  the  son  of  Zerah,  the  son  of  Adaiah, 
'*~the  son  of  Ethan,  the  son  of  Zimmah,  the  son  of  Shimei,  ""^  the  son 
of  Jahath,  the  son  of  Gershom,  the  son  of  Levi.  ^^  And  their  brethren 
the  sons  of  Merari  stood  on  the  left  hand :  *Ethan  the  son  of  tKishi, 
the  son  of  Abdi,  the  son  of  Malluch,  ''Hhe  son  of  Hashabiah,  the  son 
of  Amaziah,  the  son  of  Ililkiah,  "^^  the  son  of  Amzi,  the  son  of  Bani, 
the  son  of  Shamer,  ^"^  the  son  of  Mahli,  the  son  of  Mushi,  the  son  of 
Merari,  the  son  of  Levi.  ''^  Their  brethren  also  the  Levites  were  appoint- 
ed unto  all  manner  of  service  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  house  of  God. 

'*'■'  But  Aaron  and  his  sons  offered  "upon  the  altar  of  the  burnt  offer- 
ing, and  "on  the  altar  of  incense,  and  were  appointed  for  all  the  work 
of  the  place  most  holy,  and  to  make  an  atonement  for  Israel,  according 
to  all  that  Moses  the  servant  of  God  had  commanded.  ^^  And  these 
are  the  sons  of  Aaron  ;  Eleazar  his  son,  Phinehas  his  son,  Abishua  his 
son,  •'^'  Bukki  his  son,  Uzzi  his  son,  Zerahiah  his  son,  ^-  Meraioth  his  son, 
Amariah  his  son,  Ahitub  his  son,  ^^  Zadok  his  son,  Ahimaaz  his  son. 

^^Now  "these  are  their  dwelling  places  throughout  their  castles  in 
their  coasts,  of  the  sons  of  Aaron,  of  the  families  of  the  Kohathites; 
for  theirs  was  the  lot.  ^''And  "they  gave  them  Hebron  in  the  land  of 
Judah,  and  the  suburbs  thereof  round  about  it.  ^^  But  ='the  fields  of 
the  city,  and  the  villages  thereof,  they  gave  to  Caleb  the  son  of  Je- 
phunneh.  "  And  'to  the  sons  of  Aaron  they  gave  the  cities  of  Judah, 
namely,  Hebron,  the  city  of  refuge,  and  Libnah  with  her  suburbs,  and 
Jattir,and  Eshtemoa,  with  their  suburbs,  •'^^and  tllilen  with  her  suburbs, 
Debir  with  her  suburbs,  '^^  and  *Ashan  with  her  suburbs,  and  Beth- 
shemesh  with  her  suburbs.  ^^  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Benjamin  ;  Geba 
with  her  suburbs,  and  tAlemeth  with  her  suburbs,  and  Anathoth  with 
her  suburbs.     All  their  cities  throughout  their  families  were  thirteen 


Part  III.]  TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY.  1183 

over.cb.  cities.  ^^  And  unto  the  sons  of  Kohath,  "which  were  left  of  the  ftimily 

of  that  tribe,  were  cities  given  out  of  the  half  tribe,  namely,  out  of  the 

b  Jos.  21. 5.  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  'by  lot,  ten  cities.  ^-  And  to  the  sons  of  Gershom 
throughout  their  families  were  given  out  of  the  tribe  of  Issachar,  and 
out  of  the  tribe  of  Asher,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Naphtali,  and  out  of  the 
tribe  of  Manasseh  in  Bashan,  thirteen  cities.  ^^  Unto  the  sons  of  Merari 
were  given  by  lot,  throughout  their  families,  out  of  the  tribe  of  Reuben, 

c  Jos.  21.7,34.  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Gad,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  Zebulun,  'twelve 
cities.  ^"^  And  the  children  of  Israel  gave  to  the  Lcvites  these  cities 
with  their  suburbs.  ^^  And  they  gave  by  lot  out  of  the  tribe  of  the 
children  of  Judah,  and  out  of  the  tribe  of  the  children  of  Simeon, 
and  out  of  the  tribe  of  the   children  of  Benjamin,  these  cities,  which 

dver.  61.  are  called  by  their  names.   ^^And  ''the  residue  of  the  families  of  the 

sons  of  Kohath  had  cities  of  their  coasts  out  of  the  tribe  of  Ephraim. 

e  Jos.  21.21.  ^"  And 'they  gave  unto  them,  of  the  cities  of  refuge,  Shechem  in 
Mount  Ephraim  with  her  suburbs  ;   they  gave  also  Gezer  with  her  sub- 

/seeJos.  21.22-  m-bs   68g,^(j /jQJ^j-i^gjjp^   with    her  suburbs,   and   Beth-horon   with   her 

3o,  where  m;iny  '  '  .  . 

of  these  cities     suburbs,  ^^  and  Ajalon   with  her  suburbs,  and  Gath-rimmon  with   her 
names.  ^  suburbs.  ~'^  And  out  of  the  half  tribe   of  Manasseh  ;   Aner  with  her 

suburbs,  and  Bileam  with  her  suburbs,  for  the  family  of  the  remnant 
of  the  sons  of  Kohath.  "^  Unto  the  sons  of  Gershom  were  given  out 
of  the  family  of  the  half  tribe  of  Manasseh,  Golan  in  Bashan  with 
her  suburbs,  and  Ashtaroth  with  her  suburbs.  "-  And  out  of  the  tribe 
of  Issachar  ;  Kedesh  with  her  suburbs,  Daberath  with  her  suburbs, 
'"^and  Ramoth  with  her  suburbs,  and  Anem  with  her  suburbs.  "'^And 
out  of  the  tribe  of  Asher  ;  Mashal  with  her  suburbs,  and  Abdon  with  her 
suburbs,  "^and  Hukok  with  her  suburbs,  and  Rehob  with  her  suburbs. 
■^^  And  out  of  the  tribe  of  Naphtali ;  Kedesh  in  Galilee  with  her  sub- 
urbs, and  Hammon  with  her  suburbs,  and  Kirjathaim  with  her  suburbs. 
~''  Unto  the  rest  of  the  children  of  Merari  were  given,  out  of  the  tribe 
of  Zebulun,  Rimmon  witii  her  suburbs,  Tabor  with  her  suburbs.  "®  And 
on  the  other  side  Jordan  by  Jericho,  on  the  east  side  of  Jordan,  were 
given  them  out  of  the  tribe  of  Reuben,  Bezer  in  the  wilderness  with 
her  suburbs,  and  Jahzah  with  her  suburbs,  "^  Kedemoth  also  with  her 
suburbs,  and  Mephaath  with  her  suburbs.  ^^  And  out  of  the  tribe  of 
Gad  ;  Ramoth  in  Gilead  with  her  suburbs,  and  Mahanaim  with  her 
suburbs,  ^^  and  Heshbon  with  her  suburbs,  and  Jazer  with  her  suburbs. 

$  7.  §  7. — 1  Chron.  vii. 

The  sons  of  Tssnchar.  6  of  Benjiviiin,  13  of  Naphtali,  14  of  Manasseh,  10.1^  and  of  Ephraim. 
21  The  calamitij  of  Ephraim  by  the  men  of  Gatli.  23  Beriah  is  born.  28  Ephraim' s  habitations. 
30  The  S071S  of  Asher. 

aGe^46. 13.  Nu.  1  Now  the  SOUS  of  Is.sachar  were,  "Tola,  and  *Puah,  Jashub,  and 
* phlvah,  Job,  Shimron,  four.  ^  And  the  sons  of  Tola;  Uzzi,  and  Rephaiah,  and 
^"''-  Jeriel,  and  Jahmai,  and  Jibsam,  and   Shemuel,  heads  of  their  father's 

house,  to  wit,  of  Tola  :  they  were  valiant  men  of  might  in  their  gen- 
erations, Hvhose  number  was  in  the  days  of  David  two  and  twenty 
thousand  and  six  hundred.  ^  And  the  sons  of  Uzzi ;  Izrahiah  :  and 
the  sons  of  Izrahiah  ;  Michael,  and  Obadiah,  and  Joel,  Ishiah,  five: 
all  of  them  chief  men.  ''And  with  them,  by  their  generations,  after 
the  house  of  their  fathers,  were  bands  of  soldiers  for  war,  six  and 
thirty  thousand  men  :  for  they  had  many  wives  and  sons.  ^  And  their 
brethren  among  all  the  families  of  Issachar  were  valiant  men  of  miglit, 
reckoned  in  all  by  their  genealogies  fourscore  and  seven  thousand. 
"se^bs^i  ai.^s!'  ^  ^^^^  ^°"^  of  ""Benjamin  ;  Bela,  and  Becher,  and  Jediael,  three, 
i.&c.  '^  And  the  sons  of  Bela  ;    Ezbon,  and  Uzzi,  and  Uzziel,  and  Jerimoth, 

and  Iri,  five  ;  heads  of  the  house  of  their  fathers,  mighty  men  of 
valor  ;  and  were  reckoned  by  their  genealogies  twenty  and  two  thou- 
sand and  thirty  and   four.   ^And   the   sons  of  Becher  ;   Zemira,  and 


>2Sa.  24.  1,2. 
1  Ch.  27.  1. 


'X 

*  Or 

H,  and  Ha- 
Iri,  ver.  7. 

^2' 
Nu 

Ah 

2b. 

ram, 
38. 

eGe 
lem 

46. 

24,  SAiZ- 

11S4  TABLES  OF  GENEALOCxY.  [Pf.riod  VIIL 

Joash,  and  Eliezer,  and  Elioenai.  and  Omri.  and  Jerimotli,  and  Abiah, 
and  Anathoth.  and  Alameth.  All  these  are  the  sons  of  Becher.  ^  And 
the  number  of  them,  after  their  genealogy  by  their  generations,  heads 
of  the  house  of  their  fathers,  mighty  men  of  valor,  was  twenty  thou- 
sand and  two  hundred.  ^°  The  sons  also  of  Jediael  ;  Bilhan  :  and  the 
sons  of  Bilhan;  Jeush,  and  Benjamin,  and  Ehud,  and  Chenaanah,  and 
Zethan,  and  Tharshish,  and  x\hishahar.  "  All  these  the  sons  of  Jediael, 
by  the  heads  of  their  fathers,  mighty  men  of  valor,  were  seventeen 
thousand  and  two  hundred   soldiers,  fit  to  go  out  for  war  and  battle. 

jNu.26.39,sAu-  1=2  ghuppim  "also,  and  Huppim,  the  children  of  *Ir,  and  Hushim,  the 
sons  of  tAher. 

'^  The  sons  of  Naphtali  ;  Jahziel,  and  Guni,  and  Jezer,  and  'Shallum, 
the  sons  of  Bilhah. 

'•*  The  sons  of  Manasseh  ;  Ashriel,  whom  she  bare  ;  (but  his  con- 
cubine the  Aramitess  bare  Machir  the  father  of  Gilead  ;  ^^and  Machir 
took  to  wife  the  sister  of  Huppim  and  Shuppim,  whose  sister's  name 
was  Maachah  ;)  and  the  name  of  the  second  was  Zelophehad  :  and  Ze- 
lophehad  had  daughters.  ^^  And  Maachah  tiie  wife  of  Machir  bare  a  son, 
and  she  called  his  name  Peresh  ;  and  the  name  of  his  brother  was 
Sheresh  ;  and    his  sons  were  Ularn   and  Rakem.  ^~'  And   the  sons   of 

/isa.  12.  n.  Ulam  ;  -^Bedan.  Tiiese  were  the  sons  of  Gilead,  the  son  of  Machir, 
the  son  of  Manasseh.   ^^  And  his  sister  Hammoleketh  bare  Ishod,  and 

^fe^e'r^^'^^'  ^Abiczcr,  and  Mahalah.  ^^  And  the  sons  of  Shemida  were,  Ahian,  and 
Shechem,  and  Likhi,  and  Aniam. 

A  Nu.  26. 3.5.  ^^  And  Hhe  sons  of  Ephraim  ;  Shuthelah,  and  Bered  his  son,  and 

Tahath  his  son,  and  Eladah  his  son,  andTahath  his  son,  ^'  and  Zabad 
his  son,  and  Shuthelah  his  son,  and  Ezer,  and  Elead,  whom  the  men 
of  Gath  that  were  born  in  that  land  slew,  because  they  came  down  to 
take  away  their  cattle.  ^^  And  Ephraim  their  father  mourned  many 
days,  and  his  brethren  came  to  comfort  him. 

2^  And  when  he  went  in  to  his  wife,  she  conceived,  and  bare  a  son, 
and  he  called  his  name  Beriah,  because  it  went  evil  with  his  house. 
^^  (And  his  daughter  was  Sherah,  who  built  Beth-horon  the  nether,  and 
the  upper,  and  Uzzen-sherah.)  -^  And  Rephah  was  his  son,  also  Re- 
sheph,  and  Telah  his  son,  and  Tahan  his  son,  ^^  Laadan  his  son,  Am- 

^w's^Te"'^"'    niihud  his  son,  Elishama  his  son,  "2"  tNon  his  son,  Jehoshua  his  son. 

2*^  And  tiieir  possessions  and  habitations  were,  Beth-el  and  the  towns 

'Jo^-^iG.  7,jva-    thereof,  and  eastward  'Naaran,  and  westward  Gezer,  with  the  *towns 

*[iJ>. dausrhurs.  thereof;    Shechem  also  and  the  towns  thereof,  unto  Gaza  and  the 

kio,.\i.i.        towns  thereof:  ^'J  and  by  the  borders  of  the  children  of  '^Manasseh, 

uos.  17. 11.  Beth-shean  and  her  towns,  Taanach  and  her  towns,  'Megiddo  and  her 
towns,  Dor  and  her  towns.  In  these  dwelt  the  children  of  Joseph  the 
son  of  Israel. 

"n^%6%4^"  ^o'pi^y  '"so^s  Qf  Asher;  Imnah,  and  Isuah,  and   Ishuai,  and   Beriah 

and  Serah  their  sister.  =^'  And  the  sons  of  Beriah  ;  Heber,and  Malchicl, 

n  ver. 34,  s/w,ner.  who  is  tlic  father  of  Birzavith.  ^^  And  Heber  begat  Japhlct,  and  "Sho- 
mer,  and  Hotham,  and  Shua  their  sister.  ^^  And  the  sons  of  Japhlet; 
Pasach,and  Bimhal,  and  Ashvath.     These  are  the  children  of  Japhlet. 

0  ver.  32,  SAomer.  34  And  the  sons  of  "Simmer;  Ahi,  and  R.ohgah,  Jehubbah,  and  Aram. 
3''  And  the  sons  of  his  brother  Helem  ;  Zophah,  and  Imna,  and  Shelesh, 
and  Amal.  ^'^The  sons  of  Zophah  ;  Suah,  and  Harnepher.  and  Shual, 
and  Bcri,  and  Imrah,  ^'  Bezer,  and  Hod,  and  Shamma,  and  Shilshah, 
and  Ithran,  and  Beera.  ^^And  the  sons  of  Jether  ;  Jephunneh,  and 
Pispah,  and  Ara.  ^'^  And  the  sons  of  Ulla  ;  Arah,  and  Haniel,  and 
Rezia.  ■*"  All  these  were  the  children  of  Asher,  heads  of  their  father's 
house,  choice  and  mighty  men  of  valor,  chief  of  the  princes.  And  the 
number  throughout  tlic  genealogy  of  tiicm  that  were  apt  to  the  war  and 
to  battle  was  twenty  and  six  thousand  men. 


Part  III.] 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


1185 


$8. 


a  Ge.  46.  21.  Nu. 
20.33.  ICh.  7.  6. 


«  Or,  Jird,  Ge. 
46.  -21. 

t  Or,  Shupham, 
Nil.  '26.  39.  See 
1  Ch.  7.  12. 

b  1  Ch.  2.  52. 


c  ver.  21,  Shimhi. 


§  8. — 1   Chron.  viii. 
Thi  sons  and  chief  men  of  Benjamin.     33  Tlie  stock  of  Said  and  Jonathan. 

^  Now  Benjamin  be^at  "Bela  his  firstborn,  Ashbel  the  second,  and 
Aharah  the  third,  ^  Nohah  the  fourth,  and  Kapha  the  fifth.  ^  And  the 
sons  of  Bela  were,  *Addar,  and  Gera,  and  Abihud,  "^  and  Abishua,and 
Naaman,  and  Ahoah,  ^  and  Gera,  and  tShephuphan,  and  Huram.  '^  And 
these  are  the  sons  of  Ehud :   these  are  the  heads  of  the  fatlicrs  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Geba,  and  they  removed  them  to  ''Manahath  :    "^  and 
Naanmn,  and  Ahiah,  and  Gera,  he  removed  them,  and  begat  Uzza, 
and  Ahihud.  ^And  Shaharaim  begat  children  in  the  country  of  Moab, 
after  he  had  sent  them  away  ;  Hushim  and  Baara  were  his  wives. 
^  And  he  begat  of  Hodesh  his  wife,  Jobab,  and  Zibia,  and  Mesha,  and 
Malcham,  i°  and  Jeuz,  and  Shachia,  and  Mirma.     These  were  his  sons, 
heads  of  the  fathers.  ^^  And  of  Hushim  he  begat  Abitub,  and    Elpaal. 
12  The  sons  of  Elpaal  ;    Ebcr,  and  Misham,  and  Shamed,  who  built 
Ono,  and  Lod,  with  the  towns  thereof :  ^^  Beriah  also,  and  'Shema,  who 
were  heads  of   the  fathers  of  the  inhabitants  of  Ajalon,  who  drove 
away  the  inhabitants  of  Gath :  "and  Ahio,  Shashak,  and  Jeremoth, 
15  and  Zebadiah,  and  Arad,  and  Ader,  ^'^and  Michael,  and  Ispah,  and 
Joha,  the  sons  of  Beriah;  ^^and  Zebadiah,  and  Meshullam,  and  Hczeki, 
and  Heber,  i^Ishmerai  also,  and  Jezliah,  and  Jobab,  the  sons  of  Elpaal; 
19  and  Jakim,  and  Zichri,  and  Zabdi,  ^n  and  Elienai,  and  Zilthai,  and 
Eliel,  2'  and  Adaiah,  and  Bcraiah,and  Siiimrath,  the  sons  of  tShimhi ; 
22  and   Ishpan,  and    Heber,  and  Eliel,  23and   Abdon,  and  Zichri,  and 
Hanan,  ^^and  Hananiah,  and  Elam,  and  Antothijah,  ^s  and  Iphedeiah, 
and  Penuel,  the  sons  of  Shashak;  ^Sand  Shamsherai,  and  Shehariah, 
and  Athaliah,  ^^and  Jaresiah,  and  Eliah,  and  Zichri,  the  sons  of  Jero- 
ham.  28  These  were  heads  of  the  fathers,  by  their  generations;  chief 
men.     These  dwelt  in  Jerusalem,  ^a  And  at  Gibeon  dwelt  the  *father 
of  Gibeon ;  whose  "wife's  name  was  Maachah  :  ^o  and  his  firstborn  son 
Abdon,  and  Zur,  and  Kish,  and  Baal,  and  Nadab,  ^i  and  Gedor,  and 
Ahio,  and  fZacher.  ^'^  And  Mikloth  begat  tShimeah.     And  these  also 
dwelt  with  their  brethren  in  Jerusalem,  over  against  them. 

33  And  'Ner  begat  Kish,  and  Kish  begat  Saul,  and  Saul  begat  Jon- 
athan, and  Malchi-shua,  and  -^Abinadab,  and  *Esh-baal.  ^4  And  the 
son  of  Jonathan  was  tMcrib-baal :  and  Merib-baal  begat  ^"Micah.  ^5  And 
the  sons  of  Micah  were,  Pithon,  and  Melech,  and  tTarea,  and  Ahaz. 
36  And  Ahaz  begat  ''Jehoadah;  and  Jehoadah  begat  Alemeth,  and  Az- 
maveth,  and  Zimri ;  and  Zimri  begat  Moza,  ^^and  Moza  begat  Binea ; 
'Kapha  was  his  son,  Eleasah  his  son,  Azel  his  son  :  38  and  Azel  had  six 
sons,  whose  names  are  these,  Azrikam,  Bocheru,  and  Ishmael,  and 
Sheariah,  and  Obadiah,and  Hanan.  All  these  were  the  sons  of  Azel. 
39  And  the  sons  of  Eshek  his  brother  were,  Ulam  his  firstborn,  Jehush 
the  second,  and  Eliphelet  the  third.  ^°  And  the  sons  of  Ulam  were 
mighty  men  of  valor,  archers,  and  had  many  sons,  and  sons'  sons,  an 
hundred  and  fifty.     All  these  are  of  the  sons  of  Benjamin. 

§  9. — 1  Chron.  ix. 
The  orifri.nal  of  Israel's  and  Jiidah's    genealogies.     2  Tlie  Israelites,  \0  the  priests,  U  and  the 
Levites,  nntk  Nethinims,  which  dwelt  in  Jerusalem.    27  The  charge  of  certain  Leviies.    35  The 
stock  of  Saul  and  Jonathan. 

1  So  "all  Israel  were  reckoned  by  genealogies  ;  and,  behold,  they  were 
written  in  the  Book  of  the  Kings  of  Israel  and  Judah,  who  were  carried 
away  to  Babylon  for  their  transgression. 

2  ]Nfo^  i-the  first  inhabitants  that  dwelt  in  their  possessions  in   their 
Jos  9. 27.  Ezra  cities  wcrc,  tlic  Israelites,  the  priests,  Levites,  and   ^the  Nethinims. 
rNe?'n.t.^"'     ^  And  ''in  Jerusalem  dwelt  of  the  children  of  Judah,  and  of  the  chil- 
dren of  Benjamin,  and  of  the  children  of  Ephraim,  and  Manasseh ; 
4  Uthai  the  son  of  Ammihud,  the  son  of  Omri,  the  son  of  Imri,  the  son 

VOL.  I.  149 


tor, 
13. 


'  Called  JrMel, 
1  Ch.  9.  35. 
!  1  Ch.  9.  35. 


t  Or,  Zechariah, 
1  Ch.  9.  37. 
t  Or,  Shimeam, 

1  Ch.  9.  38. 
e  1  Sa.  14.  51. 
/I  Sa.  14.  49, 

lifiid. 
*  Ot,  tsh'hosheth, 

2  Sa.  2.  8. 
t  Or,  Mephi-bo- 

she.lk,  2  Sa.  4.  4. 

&  9.  6,  10. 
g-  2  Sa.  9.  12. 
1  Or,  Tahrca, 

lCh.9.  41. 
hJarah,\  Ch,  9. 

4-2. 
t  1  Ch.  9.  43,  Re- 

phaiiih,. 


§9. 


h  Ezra  2.  70.  Ne 
7.73. 


1186 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


[Period  VIII. 


«Neli.  11 

&.C. 

•Neh.  11 
SeraiaJi. 


t  Heb.  mi^htij 
men  of  valor. 


%  Heb.  thresholds. 
/Nu.  31.  6. 


5-lCh.2G.  1,2. 
h  1  Sa.  9.  9. 
*  lleh.  founded. 
t  Or,  trust. 


%  Or,  trust. 

*  Or,  storehouses. 


t  Heb.  bring 
them  in  hij  tale, 
and  carrii  them 
out  hy  tale. 

J  Or,  vessels. 

k  Ex.  30.  23. 

*  Or,  trust. 

I  Le.  2.  5.  &  6. 

21. 
^  Or,  on  flat 

plates,  or,  slices. 
m  he.  21.  8. 
X  Heb.  bread  of 

ordering. 
nl  Ch.G.  31.& 

25.  1. 

*  Ileb.  upon 
them. 


of  Bani,  of  the  children  of  Pharez  the  son  of  Judah.  ^  And  of  the 
Shilonites ;  Asaiah  the  firstborn,  and  his  sons.  ^  And  of  the  sons  of 
Zerah  ;  Jeuel,  and  their  brethren,  si.x  hundred  and  ninety.  ''  And  of 
the  sons  of  Benjamin  ;  Salhi  the  son  of  Meshullam,  the  son  of  Hoda- 
viah,  the  son  of  Ilasenuah,  ®and  Ibneiah  the  son  of  Jeroham,  and 
Elah  the  son  of  Uzzi,  the  son  of  Michri,  and  Meshullam  the  son  of 
Shephatiah,  the  son  of  Reuel,  the  son  of  Ibnijah  ;  ^and  their  breth- 
ren, according  to  their  generations,  nine  hundred  and  fifty  and  six. 
All  these  men  were  chief  of  the  fathers  in  the  liouse  of  their  fathers. 

^°  And  'of  the  priests  ;  Jcdaiah,  and  Jehoiarib,  and  Jachin,  ^^  and 
*Azariah  the  son  of  Hilkiah,  the  son  of  Meshullam,  the' son  of  Zadok, 
the  son  of  Meraioth,  the  son  of  Ahitub,  the  ruler  of  the  house  of  God  ; 
^^and  Adaiah  the  son  of  Jeroham,  the  son  of  Pashur,  the  son  of  INIal- 
chijah,  and  Maasiai  the  son  of  Adiel,  the  son  of  Jahzerah,  the  son  of 
Meshullam,  the  son  of  Meshillemith,  the  son  of  Immer;  ^-^  and  their 
brethren,  heads  of  the  house  of  their  fathers,  a  thousand  and  seven 
hundred  and  threescore  ;  tvery  able  men  for  the  work  of  the  service 
of  the  house  of  God.  ^^  And  of  the  Levites ;  Shemaiah  the  son  of 
Hasshub,  the  son  of  Azrikam,  the  son  of  Hashabiah,  of  the  sons  of 
Merari ;  ^^  and  Bakbakkar,  Heresh,  and  Galal,  and  Mattaniah  the  son  of 
Micah,  the  son  of  Zichri,  the  son  of  Asaph  ;  ^*^and  Obadiah  the  son 
of  Shemaiah,  the  son  of  Galal,  the  son  of  Jeduthun,  and  Berechiah 
the  son  of  Asa,  the  son  of  Elkanah,  that  dwelt  in  the  villages  of  the 
NetQphathites.  ^"^  And  the  porters  were,  Shallum,  and  Akkub,  and 
Talmon,  and  Ahiman,  and  their  brethren:  Shallum  was  the  chief; 
^^who  hitherto  waited  in  the  king's  gate  eastward:  they  were  porters 
in  the  companies  of  the  children  of  Levi.  ^''  And  Shallum  the  son  of 
Kore,  the  son  of  Ebiasaph,  the  son  of  Korah,  and  his  brethren,  (of 
the  house  of  his  father,)  the  Korahites,  were  over  the  work  of  the  ser- 
vice, keepers  of  the  Igates  of  the  tabernacle :  and  their  fathers,  being 
over  the  host  of  the  Lord,  were  keepers  of  the  entry.  ^°  And  -^Phine- 
has  the  son  of  Eleazar  was  the  ruler  over  them  in  time  past,  and  the 
Lord  was  with  him.  ^^And  Zechariah  the  son  of  Meshelemiah  was 
porter  of  the  door  of  the  tabernacle  of  the  congregation.  ~-  All  these 
which  were  chosen  to  be  porters  in  the  gates  were  two  hundred  and 
twelve.  These  were  reckoned  by  their  genealogy  in  their  villages, 
whom  ^David  and  Samuel  Hhe  seer  *did  ordain  in  their  tset  oflice. 
-^  So  they  and  their  children  had  the  oversight  of  the  gates  of  the 
house  of  the  Lord,  namely,  the  house  of  the  tabernacle,  by  wards. 
2*  In  four  quarters  were  the  porters,  toward  the  east,  west,  north,  and 
south.  "-'And  their  brethren,  which  were  in  their  villages,  were  to 
come  'after  seven  days  from  time  to  time  with  them.  ~^  For 
these  Levites,  the  four  chief  porters,  were  in  their  tset  office,  and 
were  over  the  ^chambers  and  treasuries  of  the  house  of  God. 
27  And  they  lodged  round  about  the  house  of  God,  because  the 
charge  was  upon  them,  and  the  opening  thereof  every  morning  per- 
tained to  them.  2^  And  certain  of  them  had  the  charge  of  the  minis- 
tering vessels,  that  they  should  f  bring  them  in  and  out  by  tale.  ^^  Some 
of  them  also  were  appointed  to  oversee  the  vessels,  and  all  the  Jinstru- 
ments  of  the  sanctuary,  and  the  fine  flour,  and  the  wine,  and  the  oil, 
and  the  frankincense,  and  the  spices.  ^oAnd  some  of  the  sons  of  the 
priests  made  *the  ointment  of  the  spices,  ^i  And  Mattithiah,  one  of  the 
Levites,  who  was  the  firstborn  of  Shallum  the  Korahite,  had  the  *set 
office  'over  the  things  that  were  made  tin  the  pans.  =^- And  other  of 
their  brethren,  of  the  sons  of  the  Kohathites,  '"were  over  the  tsliow- 
bread,  to  prepare  it  every  Sabbath.  ^^  And  these  are  "the  singers,  chief 
of  the  fathers  of  the  Levites,  who  remaining  in  the  chambers  were 
free;   for  *they  were  employed  in  that  work  day  and  night,  ^■i These 


Part  III.] 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


187 


plCh.  8.33. 


f  1  Ch.  8.  35. 


chief  fathers  of  the  Levites  were  chief  throughout  their  generations  , 
these  dwelt  at  Jerusalem. 

^^  And,  in  Gibeon  dwelt  the  father  of  Gibeon,  Jchiel,  whose  wife's 
name  was  "Maachah  :  ^'^  and  iiis  firstborn  son  Abdon,  then  Zur,  and 
Kish,  and  Baal,  and  Ner,  and  Nadab,  •''''and  Gedor,  and  Ahio,  and 
Zechariah,  and  Mikloth,  ^^  And  Mikloth  begat  Shimeam.  And  they 
also  dwelt  with  their  brethren  at  Jerusalem,  over  against  their  breth- 
ren. ^'^  And  ^'Ner  begat  Kish  ;  and  Kish  begat  Saul ;  and  Saul  begat 
Jonatiian,  and  Malchishua,  and  Abinadab,  and  Esh-baal.  '^^  And  the 
son  of  Jonathan  was  Merib-baal :  and  Merib-baal  begat  Micah.  "^^  And 
the  sons  of  Micah  were,  Pithon,  and  Melech,  and  Tahrea,  'and  Ahaz. 
^-  And  Ahaz  begat  Jarah  ;  and  Jarah  begat  Alemeth,  and  Azmaveth, 
and  Zimri ;  and  Zimri  begat  Moza ;  "^^and  Moza  begat  Binea ;  and 
Rephaiah  his  son,  Eleasah  his  son,  Azel  his  son.  '^*  And  Azel  had  six 
sons,  whose  names  are  these,  Azrikam,  Bocheru,  and  Ishmael,  and  She- 
ariah,  and  Obadiah,  and  Hanan :  these  were  the  sons  of  Azel. 

^•^And  Jeshua  begat  Joiakim,  Joiakim  also  begat  Eli-  («)Nehf.miah 
ashib,  and  Eliashib  begat  Joiada,  ^^  and  Joiada  begat  Jona-      ^"-  ^0-26. 


(••3)  This  passage  from  Nehemiah  is  inserted  here, 
because  in  verse  II,  Jaddua  is  mentioned.  Jaddua 
was  the  high  priest  who  met  Alexander  the 
Great,  and  whom  that  conqueror  venerated  as  the 
servant  of  God  ;  declaring  that  a  person  habited 
as  the  high  priest  had  appeared  to  him  in  a  vision, 
and  had  encouraged  him  to  lay  aside  all  his  scru- 
ples, and  advance  with  his  army  against  the  Per- 
sians. In  verse  2^2,  Darius,  the  Persian  monarch 
whom  Alexander  had  defeated,  is  spoken  of  as 
having  lived  some  years  before  ;  that  is,  he  is  men- 
tioned in  the  same  manner  as  we  should  refer  to  a 
sovereign  who  was  familiarly  known  by  name,  and 
whose  reign  had  long  terminated.  It  may  be  pre- 
sumed, therefore,  thai  this  passage  was  added  by 
Simon  the  Just,  who  died  about  291  B.  C,  and  be- 
fore his  death  finally  completed  the  canon  of  Scrip- 
ture. This  Simon  (Prideaux  observes)  had  by  the 
uprightness  of  his  actions,  and  the  righteousness 
of  hTs  conversation,  both  towards  God  and  man, 
merited  the  sirname  of  tlie  Just ;  so  also  was  he  in 
all  respects  a  very  extraordinary  person  ;  which  the 
character  given  of  him  in  the  50th  chapter  of 
Ecclesiasticus  sufficiently  shows.  There,  many  of 
his  good  works,  for  the  benefit  both  of  the  Church 
and°state  of  the  Jews,  are  mentioned  with  their  due 
praise.  But  his  chiefest  work  was  the  finishing  of 
the  canon  of  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  Testament. 
What  was  done  herein  by  Ezra  hath  been  above 
related,  (Period  VIII.  Part  iii.  sect.  v.  note.)  The 
books  afterwards  added,  were  the  two  Books  of 
Chronicles,  Ezra,  Nehemiah,  Esther,  and  Malachi. 
That  these  could  not  be  put  into  the  canon  by  Ezra, 
is  plain;  for  four  of  those  books  are,  upon  just 
grounds,  supposed  to  have  been  written  by  himself 
(that  is,  the  twobooks  of  Chronicles,  and  the  books  of 
Ezra  and  Esther,)  and  the  book  of  Nehemiah  was 
written  after  his  time,  and  so  most  likely  was  the  book 
of  Malachi  also  :  and  therefore  a  later  time  must  be 
assigned  for  their  insertion  into  the  canon,  and  none 
is  more  likely  than  that  of  Simon  tlie  Just,  who  is  said 
to  have  been  the  last  of  the  men  of  the  Great  Syna- 
gogue. For  what  the  Jews  call  the  Great  Synngoirve 
was  a  number  of  elders  amounting  to  one  hundred 
and  twenty,  who,  succeeding  some  after  others,  in 
a  continued  series,  from  the  return  of  the  Jews 
again  into  Judrna,  after  the  Babylonish  captivity,  to 
the  time  of  Simon  the  Just,  labored  in  the  restoring 
of  the  Jewish  Church  and  state  in  that  country  ;  in 
order  whereto,  the  Holy  Scriptures  being  the  rule 
they  were  to  go  bv,  their  chief  care  and  study  was 
to  make  a  true  collection  of  those  Scriptures,  and 
publish  them  accurately  to  the  people.  Ezra,  and 
the  men  of  the  Great  Synagogue  that  lived  in  his 
time,  completed  this  work  as  far  as  they  could. 
And  as  to  what  remained  farther  to  be  done  in  it, 


where  can  we  better  place  the  performing  of  it,  and 
the  ending  and  finishing  of  the  whole,  than  in  the 
time  of  Simon  the  Just,  who  was  the  last  of  them .' 
And  that  especially,  since  there  are  some  particu- 
lars in  those  books  which  seem  necessarily  to  refer 
down  to  times  as  late  as  those  of  Alexander  the 
Great,  if  not  later.  For,  in  the  third  chaplx^r  of 
the  First  Book  of  Chronicles,  we  have  the  gene- 
alogy of  the  sons  of  Zerubbabel  carried  down  for 
so  many  descents  after  him,  as  may  well  be  thought 
to  reach  the  time  of  Alexander  :  and,  in  the  Book 
of  Nehemiah,  chap.  xii.  ver.  22,  we  have  the  days 
of  Jaddua  spoken  of,  as  of  days  past ;  but  Jaddua 
outlived  Alexander  two  years.  I  acknowledge 
these  passages  to  have  been  interpolated  passages, 
both  put  in°after  the  time  of  Ezra,  and  after  the 
time  of  Nehemiaii,  (who  were  the  writers  of  those 
books.)  by  those  who  completed  the  canon.  To  say 
they  were  inserted  by  those  holy  men  themselves, 
who  wrote  the  books,  the  chronology  of  their  history 
will  not  bear  ;  for  then  they  must  have  lived  down 
beyond  those  times  which  those  passages  refer  us 
to  ;  but  this  is  inconsistent  with  what  is  written  of 
them.  And  to  say  that  they  were  put  in  by  any 
other  than  those,  who,  by  the  direction  of  the  Holy 
Spirit  of  God,  completed  the  canon  of  the  Scrip- 
tures, will  be  to  derogate  from  their  excellency; 
and  therefore  we  must  conclude,  that,  since  Simon 
the  Just  was  the  last  of  those  that  were  employed 
in  this  work,  it  was  by  him  that  the  last  finishing 
hand  was  put  thereto,  and  that  it  was  in  his  time, 
and  under  his  presidency,  and  chiefly  by  his  direc- 
tion, that  the  canon  of  the  Holy  Scriptures  of  the 
Old  Testament,  by  which  we  now  receive  them,  was 
perfected,  and  finally  settled  in  the  Jewish  Chtirch. 
To  these  remarks,  selected  from  the  laborious 
and  learned  writer  who  has  been  so  frequently  re- 
ferred to  in  these  latter  notes,  few  observations  are 
necessary  to  be  added.  The  wisdom  of  tiiat  dis- 
pensation of  Providence  which  closed  the  canon  of 
Scripture  at  this  period  will  be  evident  if  we  con- 
sider the  circumstances  of  the  Jewish  Church. 
The  Jews  had  now  been  restored  to  their  own 
country,  and  to  their  own  ecclesiastical  and  civil 
rights  more  than  two  hundred  years.  Idolatry  now 
no  longer  existed,  and  the  laws  of  their  great  legis- 
lator were  so  firmly  established  among  them,  and 
held  in  such  high  reverence,  that  some  few  years 
before  the  death  of  Simon  the  Just,  rather  than  in- 
frintve  on  the  holiness  of  the  Sabbath,  they  permit- 
ted I'tolemy  to  assault  and  capture  Jerusalem  witb- 
out  offering  any  resistance.  They  considered  tliein- 
selves  a  holy  nation,  and  the  peculiar  chosen 
people  of  God  ;  and  so  great  and  so  zealous  was 
their  attachment  at  this  time  to  the  ritual  and  cere- 
monial law,  that  they  were  in  no  danger  of  reject- 


1183 


TABLES  OF  GENEALOGY. 


[Period  VIH. 


u  Ezra  7.  6,  11. 


than,  and  Jonathan  begat  Jaddua.  ^~  And  in  the  days  of  Joiakim  were 
priests,  the  chief  of  the  fathers:  of  Seraiah,  Meraiah  ;  of  Jeremiah,  Ha- 
naniah  ;  ^^  of  Ezra,  Meshulhim  ;  of  Amariah,  Jehohanan  ;  ^^  of  Melicu, 
Jonathan  ;  of  Shebaniah,  Joseph  ;  ^^  of  Harini,  Adna  ;  of  Meraioth,  Hel- 
kai;  ^'^of  Iddo,  Zcchariah  ;  of  Ginnethon,  MeshuUam  ;  ^"of  Abijah, 
Zichri;  of  Miniamin,  of  Moadiah,  PiUai  ;  ^^of  Bilgah,  Shammua  ;  of 
Shemaiah,  Jehonatlian  ;  ^^  and  of  Joiarib,  Mattenai ;  of  Jedaiah,  Uzzi  ; 
20  of  Sallai,  Kallai ;  of  Amok,  Ebcr ;  ^^  of  Hilkiah,  Hashabiah  ;  of  Je- 
daiah, Nethaneeh 

"  The  Levitcs  in  tlie  days  of  Ehashib,  Joiada,  and  Johanan,  and 
Jaddua,  were  recorded  chief  of  the  fathers :  also  the  priests,  to  the 
reign  of  Darius  the  Persian.  "^The  sons  of  Levi,  the  chief  of  the 
fathers,  were  written  in  '^the  Book  of  the  Chronicles,  even  until  the 
days  of  Johanan  the  son  of  Eliashib.  ^^  And  the  chief  of  the  Levites  : 
Hashabiah,  Sherebiah,  and  Jeshua  the  son  of  Kadmiel,  with  their 
brethren  over  against  them,  to  praise  and  to  give  thanks,  'according 
to  the  commandment  of  David  the  man  of  God,  'ward  over  against 
ward.  2^Matlaniah,  and  Bakbukiah,  Obadiah,  MeshuUam,  Talmon, 
Akkub,  were  porters  keeping  the  ward  at  the  fthresholds  of  the  gates. 
26  These  were  in  the  days  of  Joiakim  the  son  of  Jeshua,  the  son  of 
Jozadak,  and  in  the  days  of  Nehemiah  "the  governor,  and  of  Ezra  the 
priest,  "the  scribe. 


ing  the  one  true  God :  therefore  the  Spirit  of 
prophecy,  and  the  power  of  working  miracles,  had 
accomplislied  the  object  for  which  they  were  de- 
signed, and  were  now  no  longer  necessary.  The 
Jews,  weaned  from  idolatry,  and  confirmed  in  the 
faith  and  worship  of  tlie  one  true  God,  were  be- 
come the  anxious  and  zealous  guardians  of  his 
revealed  religion. 

After  tlie  conquests  of  Alexander,  the  Greek 
language  gradually  prevailed  over  the  greater  part 
of  the  known  world,  and  with  it  a  taste  for  litera- 
ture was  diffused.  With  the  wonderful  history  of 
the  Jews  the  surrounding  nations  must  have  been 
well  acquainted,  and  as  these  people  possessed  the 
most  valuable  and  authentic  records,  the  well-in- 
formed and  the  curious  would  be  emulous  to  obtain 
a  knowledge  of  them.  To  this  spirit  of  inquiry  and 
information  ma}'  be  perhaps  attributed  the  demand 
for  their  Scriptures  in  the  Greek  language. 

Ptolemy  about  this  time  desired  to  place  the  Jew- 
ish Scriptures  in  his  library  ;  and  the  Septuagint 
version  is  supposed  to  have  been  now  made  or 
finished  at  his  request,  or  for  the  use  of  the  Jews  in 
Alexandria  ;  the  difference  between  this  version  and 
the  Hebrew  in  many  passages  may  be  accounted  for 
by  supposing  that  only  a  part  was  translated  at  the 
request  of  Ptolemy,  many  of  the  books  perhaps  hav- 
ing been  already  done  from  unauthenticated  copies 
for  the  use  of  the  Hellenizing  Jews  in  various  coun- 
tries :  all  that  we  can  be  certain  of,  however,  on 
this  subject  is,  that  they  must  have  been  collect- 
ed into  one  volume  after  the  time  of  Simon  the 
Just,  because  the  Septuagint  version  contains  the 
whole  of  the  canonical  books,  which  before  his 
time  were  not  completed. 

From  the  universality  of  the  Greek  language, 
and  the  dispersion  of  the  Jews,  the  Septuagint 
probably  was  extensively  known  throughout  the 
pagan  world,  and  the  knowledge  of  tlie  true  God, 
who  never  leaves  himself  without  a  witness,  was 
thus  communicated  and  preserved  among  the  Gen- 


tiles, now  that  miracle  and  prophecy  had  ceased 
among  the  Jews. 

The  dispensation  of  Providence  which  ordained 
the  discontinuance  of  miracles  served  to  fix  the 
attention  of  the  Jews  exclusively  to  the  study  of 
their  Scriptures  as  the  only  means  now  left  them 
of  becoming  acquainted  with  the  divine  will ;  it 
likewise  tended  to  excite  more  forcibly  the  attention 
of  the  people  to  Him,  who,  in  the  appointed  time, 
united  in  his  own  person  the  gifts  and  powers 
of  miracle,  and  of  prophecy.  When  Christ  came 
into  the  world,  his  appearance  was  generally  ex- 
pected. The  great  anticipated  a  temporal  king,  a 
mighty  hero,  a  conqueror  of  the  Roman  power. 
The  poorer  and  more  reflecting  looked  for  him  aa 
the  consolation  of  Israel,  and  few  only  understood 
the  real  nature  of  that  spiritual  dominion  over  the 
heart  and  conscience  which  he  came  to  establish. 

The  time  of  the  Messiah  at  length  arrived.  He 
was  born  in  a  manger,  and  cradled  with  oxen. 
The  humble  appearance — the  unostentatious  beha- 
viour— the  simple  and  pure  teaching  of  the  meek 
and  lowly  Jesus  but  ill  accorded  with  the  precon- 
ceived notions  that  had  been  formed  of  his  appear- 
ance and  kingdom.  With  these  deep-rooted  pre- 
judices to  overcome,  nothing  but  the  undeniable 
miracles  of  Christ  could  have  satisfied  the  minds 
of  men  that  he  was  the  predicted  Messiah.  The 
long  antecedent  cessation  of  miracles  made  their 
revival  more  powerful  and  more  efficacious.  Our 
Lord  therefore  constantly  appealed  to  them  to 
confirm  his  mission.  When  John  sent  his  disciples 
to  inquire  of  him,  '■  Art  thou  he  that  should  come  .'  " 
Jesus  answered  only  by  giving  sight  to  the  blind, 
strength  to  the  lame,  and  by  raising  the  dead  to 
life,  saying,  "  Go  and  tell  John  what  ye  have  seen 
and  heard?"  His  miracles  fully  demonstrated  his 
power  and  Godhead. and  convinced  every  unpreju- 
diced mind  that  the  glory  of  the  second  temple  had 
appeared,  and  that  God  had  visited  his  people. 


END    OF    THE      OLD      TESTAMENT. 


INDEX    THE    FIRST. 

THE   PERIODS,  PARTS,  AND    SECTIONS,  WITH   THE   PASSAGES  OF  SCRIPTURE 
CONTAINED   IN   EACH. 


PERIOD  L 

From  the  Creation  to  the  Deluge. 


PART. 

SECT. 

II. 
III. 

IV. 
V. 

VI. 
VII. 

viri. 

CONTENTS. 


The  Creation 

Institution  of  the  Sabbath,  and  Fall  op  Man. 


History    of    Adam  and  his  Descendants,  till 
the   Deluge i 


THE  Patriarchs 


TATE    OF     THE    WoRLD    IMMEDIATELY     PRECEDING   ) 

THE  Deluge S 


The   Deluge 

The  Covenant  with  Noah 

Noah  prophesies  the  Fate  of  his  Sons. 


SCRIPTURE. 


Gen.  ] ;  2.  4,  to  end 

Gen.  2.  1-3  ;  3 

Gen.  4.  1-16,24,  17-25, 

Gen.  5 

Gen.  6:  7.  1-4 


Gen.  7.5,  to  end;  8.  1-12. 
Gen.  8.  13,  to  end;  9.  1-17. 
Gen.  9.  18,  to  end 


1657  2347 
1657  2341 


VI. 

vri. 

VIII, 
IX 

X 

XI 
X[l 
XIII 
XIV 
XV 
XVI 
XVII 

XVIII 
XIX 
XX 


PERIOD  n. 

From  the  Dispersion  to  the  Exodus. 


The  Confusion  of  Tongues,  and  Dispersio> 
Manki.vd. 

The  Building  of  Babel 

The  Genealo!;y  of  Noah 

The  Genealogy  of  Shein  to  Abraiii 


The  Li 


)F  Jo 


The  Character  of  Job 

First  trial  of  Job 

Second  trial  of  Job 

The  Friendsof  Job  visit  him,  andliear  bis  Complain- 
ings  

First  Controversy  between  Job  and  liis  Friends,  be- 
gnii  by  Eliphaz,  who  asserts  that  the  Sufferings  of 
Job  were  the  Punishuient  of  his  Iniquity 

Reply  of  Job  to  Eliiihaz 

The  Argument  taken  up  by  Bildad 

Re[ily  of  Job  to  Bildad,  in  which  he  asserts  that 
Affliction  is  no  Proof  of  Wickedness 

Zophar  takes  up  the  Argument  of  Eliphaz  with  great 
Asperity,  and  urges  the  Necessity  of  Repentance. 

Reply  of  Job  to  the  whole  Argument 

The  second  Controversy  between  Job  and  his  Friends 

Job  declares  his  Innocence 

Bildad  replies  to  Job 

Job  complains  of  the  Cruelty  of  his  Friends 

Zophar  replies  to  Job 

Reply  of  Job  to  Zophar 

The  third  Controversy  between  Job  and  his  Friends- 
begun  by  Eliphaz 

Reply  of  Job 

Bildad  again  takes  up  the  Argument 

Job  again  asserts  his  Integrity,  and  contrasts  his 
former  Prosperity  with  hii  present  Adversity 

Elihu,  who  had  hitherto  been  silent,  takes  up  the 
Argument,  andshowsthat  Affliction  is  sent  by  God, 
for  wise  though  inscrutable  Purposes,  and  that  the 
Duty  of  Man  is  Submission 


Gen.  n.  1-9 

Gen.  10 

Gen.  11.  10-26 

1770    2234 
1874    2130 

2554 
2:i37 

Job  1.  6,  to  end 

Job  2.   1-10 

Job  2.  U,toend;3 

Jobs 

Jobll 

Job  12;  13;  14 

Job  It 

Job  16;  17 

Job  18 

Job  19 

Job  20 

Job  21 

Job  22 

Job  23;  24 

Job  25 

Job  26  to  31 

Job  32  «o  37 

;;;;   ;;;; 

2* 


INDEX   THE   FIRST. 


xxri. 

XXIII. 
XXIV. 
XXV. 
XXVI. 


God  appearetli  to  Job  and  his  Friends. 

Sell- Abasement  of  Job 

ddre;>s  of  God  tu  Job,  concluded 

Entire  Submission  ol' Job 

Kestoratiua  of  Job's  I'rosjjerity 


II. 
III. 
IV. 

V. 

VI. 
VII. 
VIII. 


XI. 

XII. 
Xill. 
XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 
XXI. 


VIII. 
IX. 


COSTE.NTS. 


The  Life  of  AsRAHiM. 

From  the  Birth  of  Abram  till  his  Return  from  ) 
i:g.V|>i i 

.Abr^iliani  at  Gerar 

Separation  of  Abraham  and  Lot 

Renewal  of  the  Promise 

War  with  the  five  Kings— The  Blessing  of  Mel- 
ch  izedek 

Covenant  of  God  with  Abram 

Birth  of  Ishmael 

Renewal  of  the  Covenant— Institution  of  Circum- 
cision—Promise  of  a  Son 

Second  Promise  of  a  Son 

Condemnation  and  Destruction  of  Sodon i 

I.ol  and  his  two  Daughters 

The  Birlh  of  Isaac 

Castms;  tnit  of  Hafiar  and  Ishmael 

.^Iirahain's  Covenant  with  Abimelech 

The  Temiitation  of  .Abraham 

Death  and  Burial  of  Sarah 

Fam ily  of  Kebekah 

.Marriage  of  Isaac  and  Rebekah 

Marriage  of  Abraham  with  Keturah 

Birth  of  Esau  and  Jacob 

Death  of  Abraham 

From   the  Death    of  Abraham    to    the  Selli.vg 
OF  Joseph  bv  his  Brethren. 

Esau  sells  his  birthright , | 

Covenant  of  Isaac  with  Abimelech  at  Gerar j 

Death  of  Ishmael ;— His  Family 

Jaiob,  by  stratagem,  olitains  his  Father's  Blessing.. 

Journey  of  Jacob  to  Padan  aram 

Residence  of  Jacob  with  Laban  ; — Jacob's  Family. . 

Jaiob  leaves  Laban  ;— Their  Covenant 

Journey  of  Jacob  loSuccoth,  after  his  Covenant  with 

Laban 

Transactions  at  Shalein,  or  Shechem 

Events  between  the  Flight  of  Jacob  from  Shechem, 

till  his  Return  to  his  father 

The  Family  of  Esau 

History  of  Joseph  and  his  Family  ix  Egypt. 

Joseph  sold  into  Egypt 

The  Fam  Iv  of  Judiih 

Imprisonment  of  Joseph— lie  interprets  the  Dreams 

of  his  Fellow-prisoners 

The  Death  of  Isaac 

Elevation  of  Joseph 

The  Famine  in  Egypt,  and    tirst  Journey  of  the  I 

Brothers  of  Joseph  to  buy  Corn ( 

Second   Descent  of  the   Bietliren   of  Joseph   into  i 

Egjrjjt— He  maketh  himself  known  to  them j 

Journey  of  Jacob  into  Egypt  with  his  Family j 

Government  of  Egj'pt  by  Joseph 

to  the    Death    oi 

Death  of  Jacob,  and  his  Blessing  on  his  Sons 

Funeial  of  Jacob— Death  of  Joseph 

Op:ire.ssion  of  the  Israelites  after  the  Death  of  ) 
Jo.-eph i 


SCRIPTURE. 


Job  38;  39;  40.  1,2. 

Job  40.  3-5 

Job  40.  G,  to  end;  41. 

Job  42.   1-G 

Job  4:2.  7,  ta  end 


Gen.  11.  27,    to  end 

3.  I 

Gen.  20;   13.  2-4 

Gen.  13.  5-13 

Gen.  13.  U,  to  cud... 


Gen.  14.... 
Gen.  15.... 
Gen.  lij.... 


Gen.  17 

Gen.  18.   1-15 

Gen.  18.  16,    to    en 

1-29 

Gen.  19.  30,  to  end.. 

Gen.  21.  1-8 

Gen.  21.  9-21 

Gen.  21.  22,  tu  end.. 

Gen.  22.  1-19 , 

Gen.  23 

Gen.  22.  20,  tu  end.. 

Gen.  24 

Gen.  25.   1-6 

Gen.  25.  19-28 

Gen.  25.  7-10 


Gen.  2.5.  11  ;  26.  part  t/1 
25.  29,  tu  end 

Gen.  26.  latter  part  of  1 
to  end 

Gen.  25.  12-18 

Gen.  27.   1-45 

Gen.  27.  46;  28;  29.  1-14. 

Gen.  29.  lb,  to  end;  30... 

Gen.  31 


2008    1996 
2086     1918 


2092  1912 

2093  1911 

2094  1910 


2112  1892 

2113  1891 
2132  1872 
2144  1860 


2147  1857 

2151  le53 

2231  1857 

2182  1822 


Gen.  32;  33.  1-17 

Gen.  33.  18,  to  end;  38.  1- 
5;  34 


Gen.  35. 
Gen.  36. 


Gen.  37;  39.  1-6..., 
Gen.  38.  6,  to  end  . . 

Gen.  39.  7,  to  end; 

Gen.  35.  23,29 

Gen.  41.  1-45 


Gen.  41.  46,  to  end,-  42.... 


Gen. 43;  44;  45 

Gen.  46.  1-7.  ;  37.  heirin- 
viniT  ofver.  2;  46.  8,  ti 
end,  and  47.1-12 

Gen.  47.  13-26 


Gen.47.  27,to<!n<ii48;49, 
Gen.  50.  2,  to  end 


1773 
1760 


2268 
2275 


2288  1716 

2289  1715 
2289  1715 
2298  1706 


2315  1689  184'- 
1792 
2547    1457 1 1728 


PERIOD  m. 

From  the  Birth  to  the  Death  of  Moses. 

The  Birth  and  early  Life  of  Moses |Exod.  2;  Psalii 

Legation  of  Moses |  Exod.  3;  4.   1-28 

From  the  Mission  of  Moses  to   the    Inflictio 
OF  the   Plaol'es  of   Er.vpr. 

Moses   is   acknowb'ik'ed    as   their   leader   by   the  j  |E-\od.  4. 
Israelites,  but  is  rejected  by  Pharaoh )  '      1-13.. 


2433     1571 
2513     1491 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


*3 


I. 
II. 
111. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 


VIII. 
IX. 
X. 


XII. 
XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 
XVI. 


XVII. 
XVIII. 


XIX. 
XX. 


XXIV. 
XXV. 


XXXII. 
XXXIII. 

XXXIV. 

XXXV. 

XXXVl. 

XXXVII, 

XXXVIII 


CONTENTS. 


The  Genealogj-  of  Reuben,  Simeon,  and  Levi,  to  ) 
Mo  es i 

Moses  ileiiKiiids  of  riiirdol)  the  Del.veiaiice  of  the 
Isiael.les,  vvliicli  is  refused ( 

Infliction  of  the  first  eight  Plagues. 

Tlie  First  Plague— Water  turned  into  Blood 

'I'he  .-Second  liaL'iie— !■  rogs 

•J  he  Third   Plague— Lice 

The  Fuurlh  Plague— Flies 

'I'he  Fifth  Plague— Murrain  of  Cattle 

The  Sixth  Plague— Tlie  Biles 

The  Seventh  Plague— Hail 

The  Eighth  Plague— Locusts 

Institution  of  the  Passover 

Conclusion  of  the  Ten  Plagues. 

The  Ninth  Plague— Three  Days'  Darkness 

The   Passover   eaten  ;— The   Tenth   Plague— The  I 
Firstborn   slain j 

The    Exodus 

The  Wandering  in  the  Wilderness. 
The  First  Journey — From  Rameses  to  Succoth. . . . 
The  Command  for  Observing  the  Passover  is  re-  ) 

peated \ 

The  Second  Journey — From  Succoth  to  Ethani...  j 
The  Third  Journey— From  Etham  to  Pi-hahiroth;—  ( 

Pharaoh's  Army  approaches ) 

The   Fourth  Journey— From  Pi-liahirotli,  through  ^ 

the   Red  Sea  and  the  Wilderness  of  Ethaiu,  or  > 

Shur,  to  Marah  ; — Moses'  Song ) 

The  Israelites  murmur  at  Marah 

The  Fifth  Journey -From  Marah  to  Eliin  ;— The  ( 

xth  Joiirnev— Kioiii  Elim  lo  the  Hed  ^-ea ( 

The  t^eveuth  Journcv-'l'n  ili^-  Wihl.rii.-.  of  mm  ;  / 

—The  People  uiui'iiiui  lor  Hnini ( 

Tlie    Eielilh  Juiinirv  — I'loiii    .111    ro   li.ii.lik  ili  ;— / 

The  Kiulh  JiHiriK-v— From  Dophkiili  I..  Aiusli..  ( 
The  Tenth  JouiiKV-Frnui  Ahi-h  to    Kc|.li:aii.i  ;—  ) 

The     People    iiimuiur    for    Waler;— \V:ir    wuh  ^ 

Amaiek ) 

The  Eleventh  Jouiney — From  Rephidini  to  Jjinai ;  j 

-Giving  of  the  Law J 

The  Moral  Law 

The  Judicial  Law 

The   Israelites   covenant   to  observe  the  Law  ; —  / 

Moses  goes  up  into  the   -Mountain \ 

The  Ceremonial    Law  ; — Structure  of  the   Taber-  ) 

nacle i 

Aaron  and  his  Sons  set  apart  for  the  Priesthood  ; —  \ 

The  Ceremonies  to  be  observed  in  their  Conse-  > 

oration ) 

Structure  of  the  Altar  of  Incense,  Laver,  &c 

Aaron  makes  the  Golden  Calf ;— The  First  Tables  i 

of  the   Law   broken; — Transactions    in    conse- > 

quence ) 

The  Tables  of  the  Law  renewed 

Olferings  of  the   Peo|ile   for   the    Making  of  the  1 

Tabernacle  ;— Furniture  and  Comiilelion  of  the  > 

Tabernacle,  and  its  Erection ) 

Laws  concerning  Sacrifices 

The  Consecration  of  Aaron  and  his  Sons,  and  the  ) 

Acceptance  of  their  Offering S 

Destruction   of    Nadab    and    Abihu    for    offering  j 

strange  Fire i 

The  Priests  are  forbidden  Wine  ;— The  Law  of  eat-  ) 

g  Holy  Things; — Aaron's  Transgression ) 

The   Seco"nd  Passover ;— May  be  kept  by  the  Vn-) 

clean ) 

Laws  concernina  what  Animals  may  be  eaten 

Purification  of  Women  after  Childbirth  ;— The  Of-  ) 

ferings i 

The  Laws  and  Tokens  whereby  the  Priest  is  to  be 

guided  in  discerning  the  Le|)rosy ) 

The  Rites  and  Sacrifices  in  Cleansing  a  Leper 

The  s  gns  of  Lepro-y  in  a  House  ; — Laws  for  the  j 

Cleansing i 

Of  the  Uncieanness  of  Men  and  Wonun  ;  — Laws  } 

for  their  Cleansing j 

Law  of  the  Sacrifices  for  Atonement 

Blood  to  be  offered  lo  the  Lord  ;— Its  eating  forbid-  j 

den S 

Unlawf.il  Marriages  ;— Unlawful  Lusts 

A  Repetition  of  Sundry  Laws 

Miscellaneous  and  Moral  Laws 

Laws  concerning  the  Priests 

Laws  concerning  Festivals 


SCRIPTURE. 


Exod.  7.  14,  to  end. 

Kxod.  8.  1-15 

E\od.  8.  1(5-19 

E.vod.  8.20,  to  end. 

E\od.  9.  1-7 

Exod.  9.8-12 

Fxod.  9.  13,  lo  end. 
Exod.  10.  1-20 


Exod.  12.  1-20., 


Exod.  10.21-27 

Exod.  10.28,29;  11.1-10 
12.21-30 


Exod.  12.  31-36,aHd  40-42 


\um.  33.  1-5;  Exod.  12 
37-39 

Exod.  12.  43,  to  end;  13 
1-19 

Exod.l3.20,««eHrf,Num 

Xuiil.  33."  7';*  Exod. '14.'  I- 
18 


Num.  33.  8 ;  Exod.  14.  19 
tuend;  15.  1-21 

E.xod.  15.  22-2B 

Num.  33.  9,  10;  Exod.  15 
27 

Exod.  16;  Num.33.  11., 

Num.33.  12,  13 


Exod.  17;  Num.  33.  14. 


Num.  33.  15;  Exod.  19. 

Exod.  20 

Exod.  21.22;  23 

Exod. 24 


Exod. 


26 ;  27. 


Exod.  28;  29... 
Exod.  30;  31... 
Exod.  32;  33... 

Exod.  34 

Exod.  35.  to  40. 


Lev.  10.  1-7 , 

Lev.  10.  8,  to  end.. 

Num.  9.  1-14 

Lev.  11 , 

Lev.  12 


Lev.  13 

Lev.  14.  1-32 

Lev.  14.  33,  to  end. 

Lev.  15 

Lev.  16 

Lev. 17 

Lev.  18 

Lev.  19 

Lev  20 

Lev.  21  ;  22 

Lev.  23 


IHRles 


200 
202 

202 
204 
205 


4* 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


XL. 
XLl. 
XLM. 
XLIll. 
XI.IV. 
XLV. 
XLVI. 

XLVII. 

XIA'lII. 
XLIX. 


LI. 

LIL 

Lin. 

LIV. 


XXXIX.   Shclomith'3  Son  is  stoned  for  Blasphemy  ;—Vari- 


'abh.iths  of  Years  ;— 'llie  Jubilee 

u-  ■I'lir.Mt.Muiiifs  and  Curses 

s.  '11 -  Jivui.il    and  Tithes 

iimIh  rini;  -1  lii     1  I.Iks,  and  tlieir  Order 

11,, I,.  1  I,  J  ,ii;(l    \,.,  ..iiitiiient  of  the  Levites... 


1.-  k 


Tlie  Dediciiiiiui  of  ihu  Tal)eruacle  and  the  Altar  ;— 
'J'he  Offerings 

Order  of  the  L.iiii|)S  ;— Consecration  of  theLeviles 
rtioir  Age  and  'I'inie  of  Service 

The  M.ikniK  and  Use  of  the  Silver  Trumpets 

Arrival  of  Jetliro,  with  Moses'  Wife  and  Sons  ;— 
Institution  of  the  Sanhedrin 

Manner  in  which  the  Cloud  guided  the  I'eople  ;— 
'I'he  Twelfth  Journey— From  Sinai  to  Kibrolh- 
hattaavah  ;— Order  of  the  March  ;— -Moses'  Bless- 


SCRIPTURE. 


Lev.  24 

Lev.2.-i 

Lev.  9.) 

Lev.  27 

Num.  I  ;  2., 
Num.  3;  4. 
Num.5;  ti. 
Num.  7.... 


Num. 8 

Num.  10.  1-10. 
Exod.  18.  1-26, 


LIX 
LX 


LXII. 
LXIII. 


LXIV. 
LXV. 


LXVI. 
LXVII. 


LXXI. 
LXXU 
LXXI  a 
LXXIV, 

LXXV 

LXXVI 

LXXVII 


Jetliro  returns  to  Midian j 

The  Burning  at  Taberah— The  People  miiriniir  for  j 

Fle-h ) 

The  Thirteenth  .lourney— From  Kibroth-hattaavah  I 

to  llazeiotli  ;— Leprosy  of  Miriam \ 

The  Fourteenth  .louriiey— From  Hazeroth  to  Rith- ^ 

mall  ;— J'he  tuples  sent  out ( 

Laws  (if  llie  Mint  Orrering,&.c.— Sins  of  Ignorance, 
llcbell  on  of  Kiirali,  Dathan,  and  Abiram  ;— The  Is-  ) 

riieliti-s  iniinii'ir— Events  in  conse()uence ( 

Laws  relating  to  the  Priests  and  Levites 

The  Water  of  Separation  ;— The  Law  for  the  Use  j 

of  it  in  Purification  of  the  Unclean ( 

t^eventeen  Journeys— The  Fifteenth  to  tlie  Thirty- 
first  : ■■■  ) 

The  Thirty-second  Journey — From  Ezion  gaber 
to  the  Wilderness  of  Zin,  or  Kadesh-Barnea,  llie 
secondtiine.afterthirty-eightyears'wanderiui:;— 
Death  of  Miriam;— 'I'he  People  murmur  for  Water 
The  King  of  Lilom  refuses  to  permit  the  People  to 
pass  through  his  Territory  ;— Defeat  of  Arad  the  | 

(Janaanite 

Tliirty-third  .lourney — From  Kadesh-barnea  to 

...oil lit  Hor;— Death  of  Aaron 

The  I  hlrty-fourth  Journey— Fnun  Mount  Hor  to 

Zalinonah  ;— Fiery  Serpents  sent 

The  Thirty-fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  Journeys 

The  Thirty-eighth  Journey— From  Ije-abarim,  or 
Jim,  to  Uibon-gad;  — Defeat  of  Sihon  King  of  the 

Amorites,  and  of  Og  King  of  Bashan 

The  Thirty-ninth  and  Fortieth  Journeysi 

The     Forty  first    Journey— From   Abarim   to    the 

PI  lins  of  .\loab  by  Jordan  ;— Balaam  and  Balak.. 

The  Forty  second  Journey— The  Plains  of  Moab- 

Encam|iiiieiit   by    Betb-jesinioth   and    Abel-shit- 

tim  ;— Idolatry  of  Baal  Pior 

The  Third  Numbering  of  the  People 

The  Daughters  of  Zelophehad  sue  for  an  Inheri- 
tance ;— The  Law  of  Inheritance 

The  Law  of  Offerings,  &.c •••.   • 

The  Law  of  Vows 

The  Spoiling  of  Midian .- 

The  Tribes  of  Reuben  and  Gad  are  assigned  their 

Territories ••■■■',■" 

Laws  for  the  (^oiuliict  of  the  Israelites  afier  they 

have  taken  possession  of  Canaan 

The  ('.ties  far  llie  Levites  ;— The  Cities  of  Refuge  ; 

—Law  of  Murder 

Moses'  Speerli,  icbears.ng  llie  History  of  the  Isra- 
elites fiom  tlirir  nepartiire  fioni  Egypt  to  the 
Furticili  \iai  ot  tin  ir  Wandering  in  the  Wild  r- 


Num.  9.  1.5,   to  end; 
lJ-28,  33,  to  end;   and 
33.    16 

Num.   10.   29-32;    Exod 
18.27 

Nun 


11.  1-34. 


230 
933 
234 
235 


Num.  11.  35;  12. 1-15,  and 

33.  17 

Num.  12.  16;  13;  14;  and] 

33.  18  ;  Psalm  90 2515 

Num.  15 .••• 

Num.16;  17 2533     1471 

Num.  18 

Num.  19 

Num.33.  19-35..., 


Xuri 


Num.20.  14-21;  21.  1-3; 


Num.20.  22-29;  33.  37- 
39 


Num.21.  4-9;  33.  41 
Num.  33.   42-44  ;  21.  10, 
11 

Num.33.   45;   21.   12 
part  vflS,  and  21,  to  end. 

Num.33.  46,47;  21.   la.<t 
part  0/ 18, 19,  20 

Num.22;  23;  24  ;  33.  48 

Num.  33.  49;  25 , 

Num.  26 , 

Num.27,  l-ll;  36.  1-12, 
Num.28;  29 


Lwvin. 
LXXIX. 

LXXX. 

LXXXI. 

LXXXII. 


I.XXXIII 
l.XXXIV 


I.XXXV 
LXXXVI 


<  of  Refii^'e 

-Repetiti<m  of  the  Moral  i 


s  u  nil  foreign 

,,11  ..i  't'llc  Isra 


Sn    rcll.  .iiiliMiir.i       -  IJrprI  il  ioU  (if  LllWS  TC- ' 

t,,    |,l.,l;iin,    rii-. monies,    the    Levites, 

\ ,;,[,   i„:n  I  (•  cati-ii.  Tithes,  the  Poor, 

Ills,   'Ihc  liistlaig   of  Callle,  Feasts,  and 

spijijli  continued;— Repetition  of  the  Judi- 

nd  Miscellaneous  Laws 

ludfid— Confirmation     and 


Moses'     Speech      ro 
Sanctions  of  the  Liw 

Concluding  Appeal  of  Moses  to  the  People 

Mose.s'  Death  announced  ;—.Toshua  appointed  his 
Successor ;— Moses'  last  cniarge  to  the  People, 
and  to  Joshua 


2515     1489 

In  to 

2553     145 


245 
248 
249 
250 

51 


Num.32 

Num.  33.50,  to  end;  34. 
Num.35 


Dent.  1  ;    2.  1  ;    10.   6-9  : 

2.   2,  to  end  ;  3  ;   and  4. 


Deut.  4.  41,  to 
Deut.  5.  and  6. 


Deut.  12  to  16;  and  17.  1. 

Deut.  17.  2,  to  end,  and  18. 

to  26 

Deut.  27;  28 

Dent.  29;  30;    Num.  36. 

13 


Num.27.  12,  to  end;  and 
Deut.  31.  1-8 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


*5 


CONTENTS. 


Mosos  completes  the  writing  of  the  liavv,  and  de-  ■ 
livers  it  to  the  Priests  and  Levites  ;— His  second  ' 
Charge  to  Joshua  ;— His  Song ! 

Moses  blesses  tlie  People; — He  ascends  Mount  Nebo 
to  die  ; — His  Death,  and  the  Lamentation  of  the  I 
People ! 


SCRIPTURE. 

To^v^SPnd. 

Hales 

^ 

\.M. 

B.C. 

B.C. 

Deut.  31.  9,  to  end, 
32.  1-47 

and 

2553 

1151 

1C08 

311 

Deut.  32.  48,  to  end 
andM 

33. 

.... 

314 

PERIOD  IV. 


rom  the  Entrance  of  the  Israelites  into  Canaan,  to  the  Death  of  David. 


V. 

VI. 

VII. 

Vlll. 

IX 

X. 

XI. 
XII. 
XIU. 
XIV. 

XV, 
XVI. 
XVII. 


The   Conquest  of  Canaan. 

The  Jlission  of  Joshua 

The  Spies  sent  out 

P  issage  of  the  River  Jordan 

The  Covenant  renewed 


The  Conquest  of  Jericho • 

The  Capture  of  Ai 

History  of  the  Gibeonites: — Conquest  of  the  five  , 

Kings I 

Conquest  of  Canaan  completed 

The  Tribes  of  Reuben,  Gad,  and  Manasseh  return  i 

Home I 

General  Division  of   the   Couxtkv. 
Recapitulation  of  Conquests 


Division  of  the  Countiy  among  the  Tribes. 


The  Appointment  of  Cities  of  Refuge,  and  Leviti-  } 
cal  Cities j 


Last  Exhortations  and  De.i 


Events  after  the  Death  op  Joshua. 

State  of  Israel  after  the  Death  of  Josh\ia 

Introduction  of  Idolatry  among  the  Israelites 

History  of  the  Levitt  of  Ephraiui  ; — War  with  Ben- 
jamin and  the  rest  of  the  Tribes 


Government  of   the  Judges. 

Servitude  of  the  Eastern  Israelites  in  consequence  - 
of  their  Idolatry  under  Chushan-rishathaim  ;— 
Olhniel,  judjie ! 

Servitude  of  the  Eastern  Israelites  under  the  Mo-  j 
Mlllt.'.S,— ElMul,.judg>- j 

Servitude  ol'llie  .\ortlieru  Israelites  umler  the  Ca-  j 
naruiites  ; — Deliorrih  the  prophetess,  judge j 

Eastern  and  Xoithern  Israelites  enslaved  by  Jlidi-  j 
an  ; — Gideon,  judge 

The  llistorv  of  Rulli. 

Gideon,  ju(tge;— Ik-  dt-livereth  Isriiel  ;— His  Death. 

usurpation  of  Aliiiiii'lei_ii  ;— His  Death 

Tola  and  J;iir,  judi;..-; 

The  Pliilislini's  iiml  Aiinm.iiites  ui.i>i(ss  Israel  ;—  J 
Jephthali,  iM.li;.' 


Ihza 


of  Sauisoi 
lent  of  Eli 
Liinst  the  ) 


The  Philisliiirs(i;.iiris<  l~r;ii  1.— T 

The  B.rth  and  Call  of  Saum,  1  :_( 

Marriage  of  Samson,  and  Ins  E\|i 
Phdistines '. j 

A  Prophet  sent  to  Eli 

Samson  is  betrayed  by  Delilah  ; — His  Death 

The  Israelites  are  defeated  by  the  Philistines; — j 
The  Ark  is  taken  and  the  two  Sons  of  Eli  are  } 
slain  ;—Deatii  of  Eli ) 

History  of  the  Ark  after  its  Capture 

Government  of  Samuel ;— The  Israelites  repent 

The  Reign  op  Saul. 

Saul  made  King  over  Israel 

Saul  defeats  the  Ammonites; — Samuel's  Exhortation 
Saul  and  Jonathan  defeat  the  Philistines  at  Gibeah  :  ) 

-Saul's  Family \ 

Saul  Defeats  the  Amalekites 

Samuel  anoints  David  secretly  as  the  future  King  ) 

over  Israel \ 

David  overcomes  Goliath ) 


from  the  Court  of] 


Joshua  1.  1-9 

Joshua  2 

Joshual.lO,  <oend;3;4, 

Joshuas.  1-12 

Joshua  i;.   1  ;    5.    13,    (, 

end  ;  6.  2,  to  end 

Joshua?;  8.  1-29 

Joshua  9;  10 


Joshua  11 ;  8.  30,  to  end. 
Joshua  22 


Joshua  12;  13.  1-14 

Joshua  14.  1-5;  13.  15, 
to  rnd ;  14.  6,  to  end ; 
15.  13- U),  1-12,  20,  tu 
end;   1(3.    to  19 

Joshua  20;  21.  1-42 


Judges  1;  2.  1-5 

Judges  2.  6-13;  17;  18.. 


Judges  19;  20:  21. 


Judges  3.  12-30. 

Judges  3.  31 

Judges  4;  5 


Judges  6.  1-6 

The  Book  of  Ruth 

Judges  6.  7,  to  end  j  7  :8. 

Judges  9 

Judges  10.  1-5 

Judges  10   6,  to  end;  11; 

12.  1-7 

Judges  12.  8,  to  end 

Judges  13 

1  Sam.  1;  2.  1-21;  3.... 
Judges  14;  15.  1-19.... 

1  Sam.  2.  22,  to  end 

Judges  16;  15.  20 


1  Sam.  9;  10 

1  Sam.  11  ;  12 

1  Sam.  13;  14 

1  Sam.  15 

ISam.  16.  1-13 

1  Sam.  17.  1-40,  55,  56, 

41-.54,  57,58;  18.  1-4; 

Psalm  9 

ISim.  18.  5-9;   16.   14, 

to  end;  18.  10,  to  end; 

19.  1-3;    Psalm  11;  1 

Sam.  19.  4-17;  Ps.  .59. 


2559  1445 

2560  1444 


2.579  : 
2591  1413 


2752 
2759 


1405 
1343 
1325 
1305 
1252 
1245 

i235 
1232 


2909  1095 
2911  1093 


1564  358 


360 
360 

363 

364 
359 
319  372 
13J6  374 


383 
3,?5 

202  386 

1142 


150 


G* 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


VIII. 
IX 


XII. 
XIII. 

XIV. 
XV, 

XVI 
XVII 
XVIII 


CONTENTS. 


David  flies  to  Raniah; — Covenant  between  him  and  j 
Jonatliau ] 

David  Hies  to  .VhiMielrch  at  Xoh,  fniin  wliom  lie  I 
(ilil:i;iis  the  lialldwcd  liri'iid,  llinice  to  Adiisli 
kin<;  (if  <;:itli,  wlicie  lir  t\-ii;iis  .M.idiie<s  ;— His  ' 
J'saliiis;— lloe-c;qies  to  llie  Ca\e  (if  .\dnllain  ;— 
His  I'layer;— lie  is  joined  liy  tlie  Cliiel'vMen 

David  retreats  to  Mizpeli,  and  tlience  to  tlie  Foiest 
of  Haretli ;— The  r^l.uipliter  of  tlie  Priests  by  | 
Doeg  at  the  Coiuinand  of  tiaul 

David  defeats  the  Philistines  at  Keilah  ;— Saul  pur- 
sues hiui,  and  lie  flies  to  Ziph  and  Maon 


David  in  En-gedi ;— Saul  pursues  him 

Death  of  Samuel  ; — David  in  the  Wilderness  of  Pa- 
van  ;— Death  of  Nabal  ;— David  uiariies  Abigail 
and  Ahiiioam 

David  in  the  Wilderness  of  Ziph 


David  goes  to  Achish,  king  of  Gath,  who  assigns 
him  Ziklag  for  a  residence 


Tlie  Philistines  prepare  to  war  with  Israel ;— Saul  j 
consults  tlie  Witch  of  Endor ) 

Ziklag  is  burned  ;— David  defeats  the  Amale-  ) 
kites i 

Battle  of  Mount  Gilboa  ;— Death  of  Paul  and  his  ^ 
;5ons  ;— David's  Lamentation  over  them ^ 


The  Reign  of  Da\ 


David  made  king  at  Hebron  •,— Civil  war  in  Israel ; 
The  Deaths  of  Abner  and  Ish-bosheth 


XII 


XIII 
XIV. 
XV. 
XVI 


David  made  king  over  all  Israel  ;— List  of  David', 
lief  Men  ;— Zion  taken 


lirani  congratulates  David  ;— Invasion  of  the  Phi- 
listines ;— Tliey  are  defeated 

The  Ark  brought  from  Kiijath-jearim  to  the  house 
of  Obed-edoin  ;— Uzzah  is  smitten 

Second  Removal  of  the  Ark  from  the  House  of 
Obed-edoni  to  Mount  Zion ;— David's  Psalms  on 
the  Occasion 

David  commanded  not  to  build  the  Temple  ;— Na- 
than's Prophecy  of  the  Messiah 

David's  Prophetic  Psalms 


War  with  the  surrounding  Nations. 


SCRIPTURE. 


L  Sam.  19.  18,  to  end  ;  20. 
I  Sam.  21  ;    Ps.    .'56  ;    34  ; 

1  Sam.  i>->.  part  uf  1  ; 
Psalm  14-2;  1  Sam.  22. 
1,2;  IChron.  12.8-18; 

2  Sam.  23.  13-17;  1  Ch. 
11.  15-19 

1  Sam.  92.  3-19;    Ps.  52; 

109 ;  17  ;  140 ;  35  ;  64. . 
1  Sam.  23.  1 ;    22.   20,   to 

end  i  23.   (i,  2-5,   7-12  ; 

Psalm  31  ;    1  Sam.  23. 

13-23  ;  Ps.  54  ;   1  Sam. 

23.24-28 

1  Sam.  23.  29;  24;  Psalm 

57;  58;  03 


1.25.. 


1  Sam.  26 

1  Sam.  27.  1  ;  Psalm  141 ; 

1  Sam.  27.  9-7  ;   1  Chr, 

12.  1-7 ;    1  Sam.  27.  8. 

to  end 

1  Sam.  28;  29;   1  Chron 

12.   19-22 


Townsend.    I  Hales 


2948  105H 

2949  1055 


1  Sam.  30 

1  Sam.  31 ;    1  Cliroi 

13,    14;    2  Sam. 

Chron.  10.  1-12... 


2  Sam.  2;  3;  4 

2  Sam.  5.  1-3  ;    1  Chron. 

13.  J-4  ;  Psalm  139  ;    1 

Chron.  12.  23,  tu  end; 

2  Sam.  23.  8-12;  1  Chr. 

11.  20,(1/  rnd  ;  2  Sam.  5. 

4-10;   1  Chr.   11.   1-14; 

2  Sam.  23.  18,  tu  end.. 
2  Sam.  5.    11,   to   end ;    1 

Chron.  14.  17,  &  1-10.. 
2  Siini.   C.    1-il  ;     Psalm 


C8:     1 


m:-,    -i    Slim. 

e«./,i:2-l'J 

2  Sam.  7;  Ps.  2  ; 


Kindness  of  David  to  the  House  of  Saul  ;— War  j 
with  the  Ammonites  and  Syrians,  who  are  de-  j 
feated 

David's  Adultery  with  l?ath-sheba ;— War  with  I 
the  Ammonites;— Nathan  reproves  David;— His.{ 
Repentance  ;—Rabbah  is  taken j 

Amnon's  Incest  with  Tamar ;— Birth  of  Solomon  ; 
—Absalom  slays  Amnon  ;— David,  at  Joab's  in- 
stance, forgives  Absalom 


Revolt  of  Absalom. 


Psalms  composed  by  David  during  Absalom's  Re-  j 

bellion ) 

Absalom  is  defeated  and  killed  by  Joab ;— David  j 

returns  to  .lerusalem ) 

Revolt  of  Sheba ;— He  is  slain 

The  three  Years  of  Famine  stayed  by  the  Death  j 
of  seven  of  Saul's  Sons ;— David  burieth   Saul  5 

i     and  Jonathan ' 

XVII. '  Last  War  with  the  Philistines  ,— David's  Psalms  of  < 
I     Thanksgiving  for  God's  Rlessings \ 


8.  1-12  ;  1  Chi 
1;  2  Sam.  8.  14,  *o 
13  ;  1  Kings 
]-,--l(\;  Psalm  (iO;  108; 
1  Chron.  18.  1-11, 
to  end 


eml : 


2  Sam.  4.  4  ;  9  ;  10  ;  Ps, 
20;  21;  1  Chron.  19... 

2  Sam.  11;  12.  1-15;  Ps. 
51;  32;  33;  107;  2Sa. 
12.  15-23;  IChr.  20.  1  ; 
2  Sam.  12.  26,  to  end;  1 
Chron.  20.   1-3 

2  Sam.  13.  1-20 ;  12.  24, 
part  of  25;  13.  21,  to 
end;  14.  1-7,15-17,  8- 
14,  and  18,  to  end 

2  Sam.  15.  1-29  :  Ps.  3  ; 
2  Sam.  15.  30,' to  end; 
10.  1-14;  Ps.  7;  2  Sam. 
Ifi.  15,  to  end;  17 

Psalm  42;  43  ;  55  ;  4  ;  5  ; 
62;  143;  144;  70;  71. 

2  Sam.  18;  19;  20.3 

2  Sam.  20.  1,  2,  4,  to  end. 

2  Sam.  21.  1-14 

2  Sam.  21.  1.5,  to  end;  '3S; 
Psalm  18;  IChron.  20. 
4,(0  end 


1048 
1047 


29G4 
2966 


1040 
1038 


2980 
2981 


1024 
1023 


INDEX    THE    FIRST. 


date. 

c 

P  iRT. 

SECT. 

CONTENTS. 

SCRIPTURE. 

M 

Townsenil. 

Hales 

A 

1 

2  Sam.  2!.  1-9;  1  Chron. 

A.  M.     B.  C. 

B.C. 

21.  U,  7  ;   27.  23,  24  ;  2 

Sam.  24.  10-15;  1  Chr. 

21.  15,  l(i ;  2  Sam.  24. 

VII. 

XVIII. 

David  numbers  the  People  ;— He  is  punished  liy  a 
Pestilence i 

17  ;  1  Chron.  21.  part  uj 
17,  to  end;   Psalm  3U  ; 
1  Chron.  21.  1-5,  8-14; 

2  Sam.  24.  16 ;  1  Chron. 

2).  part  of  17;   2  Sam. 

XIX. 

David  prepares  to  build  the  Temple 

24.  IS,  to  end 

2987     1017 
2989     1015 

1032 

506' 
510 

1  Chron.  2^ 

XX. 

Adoiiij.ih's  Rebellion  ;— ^^olonnm  is  anointed  King. 

livings  I 

io3o 

511 

XXI. 

First  Assembly  of  the  People ;— David's  Charge  to  ) 
Solomon i ( 

IChruii.  -:;.  1  ;  -   .  1    I!); 

P-suiiM  :.i  :  1  :: 

lChroii.-j:;.->, /,.,/„/,  -J  I; 

513 

c 

XXII. 

Preparations  for  the  Service  of  the  Temple.- } 

95 ;  2li  ;  -^7.  1--2-1,  2.3,  to 
end;  28.  11,  to  end 

516 

XXIII. 

Psalms  composed  by  David,  of  which  the  Dates  and  j 
the  Occasions  are  unknown \ 

Psalms  40;    41;   61 ;  65  , 
e9;78 

Psalms  6;  8;  12;  19;  23; 

521 

r 

XXIV. 

Psalms  composed  by  David  after  his   Accession, 
of  which  the  Dales  and  the  Occasions  are  un--^ 
certain 

24;    28;    29;    38;    39; 
8S  ;  95  ;  101  ;  104  ;  120  ; 
121  ;     122  ;    124  ;    131 ; 
133 

XXV. 

Second  Assembly  of  tlie  People  ;—Davids  Charge.  | 

528 
538 

1  Chron.  29.  1-19;  Psalm 
72  ;  1  Chron.  29.  20-25. 

i 

1  Kings  2.    1-9;    2  Sam. 

XXVI. 

David's  Charge  to  Solomon  ;— His  last  Words  and  ) 
Death j 

23.  1-7;    1  Chron.   -29. 
26,   to  end ;  1  Kings  2. 
10,  11 



541 

PERIOD  V. 

The  Reign  of  Solomoii.                                                             '■ 

I. 

Reign  of   Solomon   before   the   Dedication   of 
THE  Temfee. 

1  Kings  2.  12;  2  Chron. 

1.   1 ;    1  Kings  3.  3  ;    2 

I. 

The  Offering  at  Gibeon  ;— Judgment  of  Solomon  ;— 

Chron.  1.  2-6  ;  1  Kings 
3.  5,  to  end;  2 Chron.  1. 
13;  1  Kings  2.   13-38; 

Deaths  of  Adonijah  and  Joab  j— Return  of  Hadad ' 

11.21,22;  3.4;   2  Ch. 

" 

1.7-12........ 

2989    1015 

1027 

542 

1  Kings  4.  1-25;    2  Chro. 

2.  1,  2;  1  Kings  5.  1-9; 

II. 

Preparations  for  building  the  Temple ;— Death  of 
Shiinei ;— Solomon's  Marriage ' 

2  Chr.  2.  3-16  ;1  Kings 

5.  10,  to  end;    2CJiroM. 

2.  17,  18  i  1  Kings  2.  39, 

to  end;  3.  1,  2, 

2990    1014 

546 

2  Chron.  3.  1  ;  1  Kings  6. 

1;   2  Chron.  3.  2-9;  1 
Kings   6.    4-8,  and  15- 

28 ;  2  Ciiron.  3.  part  of 

13,   14  ;  1  Kings  6.  29- 

36;  7.  13-22;    2  Chron. 

II. 

The  BuiLDiNG  of  the  Temple 

4.  1 ;  1  Kings  7.  23-50  ; 

2  Chr.  4.  8-10  ;  1  Kings 

6.  9-14  ;    7.  51  ;    6.  37, 

38,  and2,  3;    2  Chron. 

3.  10-12,  part  of  13,  15, 

to  end;    4.  2-7,    11,   to 

. 

end 

2999    1005 

1020 

549 

2  Chron.  5.  1-10;  Ps.  47; 

97  ;    98  ;    99 ;  and   100  ; 

2  Chron.  5.  11-14  ;    Ps. 

135;    136;    2  Chron.  7. 

III. 

The  Dedication  of  the  Temple— Psalms  on  the 
Occasion >■••••• •..•«..' 

4-7  ;    6.  1-39  ;    1  Kings 
8.   part  of  50  to  61 ;   2 
Chron.  6.  40,  to  end;  7. 

1-3,8-10;  1  Kings  8.  1, 

to  middle   of  50,  62,   to 

Other     Buildings     and     Magnificence     of 
Solomon. 

end 

3000     1004 

IV. 

I. 

Building  of  the  House  of  Lebanon  ;— God  appears  ^ 
to  Solomon... j 

IKincs?.  1-12;   2  Chro. 
7.  11,  to  end;    1  Kings 
9.  1-9 

3003     1001 

1&06 

564 

n. 

Connuests.  &c.  of  Solomon ! 

1  Kings  9.  10-14  ;   2  Chr. 
8.  1-11;  1  Kings  9.  24. 

565 

'             '                       Uiu<u,i                                                         1 

III. 

Song  of  Solomon 

Book  of  Canticles 

1  Kings  9.  15-23  ;   2  Chr. 

566 



8.  12-16  ;  1  Kings  9.  26, 

to  end;  2  Cliron.  8.  17; 

V. 

Greatness  of  Solomon; — Visit  op  the  Queen 

1  Kings  10.  14,  to  end; 
4.  26-28,  34  ;  10.   1-13  ; 

OF  Sheba ■ 

2  Chron.  8.  18;  9.  13- 

28 ;  1.  14,  to  end  ;  9.  1- 

12., 

3012      992 

572 

8* 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


PART. 

SECT. 

VI. 
VH. 

vm. 

CONTENTS. 


SCRIPTURE. 


The  Wisdom  of  Solomo.-) 
Offe.nce  of  Solomo.n.... 
Death  of  Solomon 


1  Kings  4.  29-31,  33,   SQ ; 

'J'iie  Book  of  I'roveibs.. 
1  Kings    II.    1-14,   23-40; 

Book  of  Eccler^iastes. . . . 
1  Kings  11.  41-43;  2  Cliroii. 

9.29-31 


DATE. 

Townso.ul. 

Hales 

A.M.     B.C. 

B.C. 

3020      984 

3024      980 

.... 

3029      975 

991 

PERIOD  V 


Dvm  the  Elevation  of  Rehohoam  to  the  Babylonish  Captivity. 


r. 
II. 
III. 

IV. 
V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 


The  Reig:v  of  Rehoboam,  first  King  of  Judah, 
WITH  the  conte-Mpobarv  Eve.nts  i.N  THE  King- 
dom  OF  Israel. 


roRTioN  I. — Reign  of  Rehohoam  ;— Revolt  of  the 
Ten  Tribe-s— Invasion  of  .-^liishak;— De;ilh  of  Re-- 
lioboam 


Portion  II. — Events  in  the  Kingdom  op  Israel, 

CONTEMPORARV     WITH    THE    ReIGN    OP    ReHOBOAM 

King  of  Jldah. 

Idolatry  of  the  Golden  Calves  ;—Histor}  of  the  Pro-  } 
phet  of  Beth-el ( 


Reig.n   of  Aeijah,  King  of  Jidah. 


'ORTION  II.— Events  in  the  Kingdom  op  Israel, 
co.ntemporarv  with  the  Reign  of  Asa,  King  of 
Jldah. 


Death  of  Jeroboam  and  hi 
The  Reign  of  Nadah 


Son. 


The  Reign  of  Baasha 

The  Reign  of  Elah 

The  Reign  of  Ziniri 

The  Reign  of  Omri 

Commencement  of  the  Reign  of  Ahab. 


I. — Reign  of  Jehoshaphat. 


I'onriov  II. — Events   in  the  Kingdom   of  Israei 

NTE-MPORABY    WITH      THE     ReICN     OF     JeHOSHA 


Kings  14.  part  of  21  ;  12. 
1-24  ;  2  Chron.  11.  .5,  «„ 
end;  12.  1  ;  1  Kings  14. 
22-24;  2  Chron.  12.  2,  (« 
end:  1  Kings  14.  part  vf 
21,2.5,  to  end;  2  Chron. 
10;  11.  1-4 


1  Kings  19.  25,  io  enrf ;  13.. 

2  Chron.  13. 1-21 ;  1  Kings 
1.5.3-8;  2  Chron.  13.22; 
M.  part  of  1 ;  1  Kings  15. 
1,2 

1  Kings  15.9-11;  2  Chron. 
14.  3  ;  1  Kincs  15.  12-15  ; 
2  Chron.  14.  4-6,  part  of 
1,  1,10  end;  15.  1-15,18, 
19;  1  Kings  15.  lG-22; 
2  Chron.  16.  7,  to  end; 
1  Kings  15.  2.3,  24;  2 
Chron.  14.2;  15.16,17; 
16.  1-6 


1  Kings  14.  1-20 

1  Kings  15.  25-31 

1  Kings  15.  32,  to  end;    IG. 


1  Kings  16.  8-14 

1  Kings  16.  15-22 

1  Kings  16.  23-28 

1  Kings  16.  29,  to  end.... 

1  Kings  22.  41-44,  46,  47 
2  Chron.  17.  2,  to  end 
J 8.  1,2;  19.  1-7;  Psalm 
82;  2  Chron.  19.  8,  to 
end;  20.  1-26  ;  Psalm 
115  ;46;  9  Chron.  20.  27 
30,  35,  to  end;  1  Kings 
22.  49  ;  2  Kings  8.  16  ; 
2  Chron.  20.  32-34;  1 
Kinjis  22.  aid  of  45,  50, 
beirinnins-  of  45,  48;  2 
Chron.  17.  1  ;  20.  31 


Reign    of   Alial 

Droiiglit.  ami 

F.liiah    u„.^.-    ■ 


(1  ; — Elijah     predicts 


'on. 


■'-'!'     I  .    "i     I    'i  "Kin,  and  flies  j 

'"  '        '       '     .■'.■.■■II  .ii^iia ( 

licn-liadail  l,r    .  ^,  .  .-rnnii   — ilr  is  defeated;—) 

le  is  <oi\ni\r\f,l  at    \|ili,k ( 

Seizure  of  Nabolh's  Vineyard  by  Ahab 

Death  of  Ahab * 

Reign  and  Death  of  Ahaziah 


) 

\ 

Reign  of  Jehoram  ;— Rebellion  of  Mesha  kingof  .Moab 

The  Translation  of  Elijah 

i;iisha  ohtaineth  Waterand  Promise  of  Victory  ; ) 

The  Moabites  are  overcome i 

The  Miracles  of  Elisha 


Portion  I.— Reign   of  Jehoram,  King  of  Judah 


'"( 


Kings  17 

Kings  18;  19.1- 
Kings20 


K. Tigs  21 

Kinsis  22.  I- 10;  2 Chron. 
IS.  3,  t,i  end 

KInss  22.    51,  to  end;  2 


;3. 


I  Kings  3.  G,  to  end 

•Kings  4;  5;  6.  1-2:1 

!  Chron.  21.  1,  5-7,  2-4, 
11-15,8-10,  16,  to  eiid;  2 
Kings  8.  23.  24,  and  17- 


3103 
3105 


3109 
3112 


3II5 
3119 


3046      958 
to  to 

3049      955 


970 
9^9    C31 


8851  904    CGO 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


*9 


Portion  II.— Events  in  the  Kingdom  of  Israel, 

CONTEMPORARY     WITH     THE      KeIGN     OF     AhaIIAH, 

King  of  Juuah. 

Murder  of  Ben-hadad  by  Hazael 

Conspiracy  of  Jehu  ;— Death  of  Jehoram 

Reign  of  Jehu  ;— Death  of  Jezebel,  of  Ahalj's  sons,  ) 

of  AhaziaU's  kindred,  and  of  Baal's  priests \ 


Portion  II.— Events  in  the  Kingdom   of   Israel, 

CONTEMPORARY     WITH      THE     ReIGN     OF     JeHORAM, 

King  of  Judah. 

Continuation  of  the  Reign  of  Jehoram,  King  ofi 
Israel  ;— Siege  of  Samaria  ;— The  Famine,  and  ^ 
sudden  Deliverance \ 


Portion  I.— The  Reign  of  Ahaziah,  King  of 
Judah, 


Portion  I.— The  Reign  of  Athaliah,  Oueen  of  <, 
Judah I 


Portion  II. — Re 


ign  of  Jehu,  continued. 


)N  I.— The  Reign  of  Joash,  King  of  Judah. 


Early  Reign  of  Joash  ;— He  repairs  the  Temple  ;— 
His  Apostacy  ;— His  Death 


Portion  II.— Events  in  the  Kingdom  of  Israel, 

CONTEMPORARY  WITH  THE  ReIGN  OF  JoASH,  KiNC 

OF  Judah. 

Death  of  Jehu 

Reign  of  Jelioahaz 

Reign  of  Jehoash  ;— Death  of  Elisha 


Portion  I.— The  Reign  of  Ama 


Amaziah  punishes  the  Murderers  of  his  father  ,—  | 
War  with  Edom ;— War  with  Israel  i—His<' 
Death 


Portion  II.— Events  in  the  Kingdom  of  Israel, 

CONTEMPORARY     WITH     THE     ReIGN     OF     AmaZIAH, 

King  of  Judah. 
Reign  of  Jehoash,  concluded  ;— He  is  oppressed  by  ) 

Hazael,  who  dies ) 

Reign  of  Jeroboam  the  Second 

Portion  I The  Reign  of  Uzziah. 

Early  Reign  and  Prosperity  of  Uzziah j 

On  the  Increase  of  his  Army  by  Uzziah,  Joel  pre-  \ 
diets  the  Overthrow  of  the  Kingdom  of  Judah  > 
by  a  foreign  Army ' 

I'zziah  is  stricken  with  Leprosy 

Designation  of  Isaiah  to  the  prophetic  Olhce  ;— His 
lirst  Prophecy j 

The  Death  of  Uzziah i 


SCRIPTURE. 


2  Chron.  29.  1  ;  2  Kings  8. 
2:.;  2  CliroM.  22.  2-7  ;  2 
Kings  9.  part  of  27  ;  2 
Chmii.  22.  8,  part  ,if9; 
2  Kings9.  p'«-Ji!/'27,  2H; 
2  Chron.  22.  part  of  9  ; 
2  Kings  9.  29;  8.  2(i,  U, 
end  ;  2  Chron.  22.  miUdlc 

"/O 


2  Kings  8.  7-15 

2  Kings  9.  1-26 

2  Kings  9.  30,  to  cdi  10. 
1-28 


2  Chron.  22.  10,  to  end 
24.  7-11;  23.  1-15;  2 
Kings  11.1-lG 


2  Kings  10.  29., 


2  Kings  12.  part  of  1  ;  11 
"■  ;   12.  end  «/ 1 ,  2,  3  ;  ! 
I1101I.23.  li;, /,,,«,/;  24 
--,;    2  Kings    12.    4-G  ; 


-1-1; 


3120       884 

to  I 

3126      8 


2  Kings  10.  30,  to  end. 

2  Kings  13.  1-9 

2  Kings  13.  10,  14-21.. 


Kings  14.  1-fi;  2  Chron. 
25.  Vll  ;  2  Kings  14. 
])art  if  7  ;  2  Cln-oii.  25. 
12-16;  2 Kings  14  8-i4  ; 
2  Chron.  25.  27,  28,  25, 

7.  'l7-20  ;  "2  Chron.  25. 
1^4,  &  17-24 


Portion  II. Events  in  the  Kingdom  of  Israel 

CONTEMPORARY  WITH  UzZIAH,  KiNG  OF  JuUAH. 

Reign  of  Jeroboam  the  Second,  conrluded 

Hosea's  First  Appeal  to  the  Ten  Tribes 

Amos  denounces  Judgment  against  the  neighbour- 
ing Nations,  and  against  Israel  and  Judah 

History  of  Jonah 

Amos  prophesies  ;— Death  of  Jeroboam  the  Sec- 1 
ond 

Hosea  prophesies  against  the  Israelites  during  the 
Interregnum  after  the  Death  of  Jeroboam  the 
Second 

The  Reign  of  Zachariah 

The  Reign  of  Shallum 


Kings  13.  22,  to  end, 
11-13;  14.  15,  16.... 
Kings  14.  23,  24 


2  Chron.  26.  1;  2 Kings  15. 

;  2Chron.  26.  2-15....    3194 


The  Book  of  Joel. 


3126 
3166 


31G6 
3195 


2  Chron.  26.  16-21 

Isaiah  1.  1  ;  6  ;  2  ;  3  ;  4  ;  5. 
2  Chr.  23.  22,  23  ;  2  Kings 


14.21,22; 


2  Kings  14.25-27 

Hosea  1 ;  2  ;  3 

Amos  1.  to  7.  1-9 

The  Book  of  Jonah 

2  Kings  14.   28 ;   Amos  7. 

10,    to  end  of  the   Book  ; 

2Kingsl4.29 


Hosea  4., 


2  Kings  15.8-12., 
2  Kings  15.  13-15 


3219 
3246 


838 
809    849 


3211 

793 

3217 

787 

3220 

784 

3228 

776 

3231 

773 

10* 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


V 
VI. 
VXl. 


VIII. 
IX. 
X. 

XI. 
XII. 


riie  Reign  of  .Menaliem  — 
The  Keigii  of  i'tkaliiali... . 


I'.>i!TioN   I. — The    Reign 


I 
I'oiiTioN  II.— Events  in  the  Kingdom  of  Israel, 

<  ..NTEMPilKARY     WITH      THE     ReIGN      OF      JoTHAM, 
Kl.NOOF  JUDAH. 

■Jlie  Rei'-ii  of  I'ekah 


Portion  I.— 7'he  Reign  of  Aha/.. 

Character  of  Ahaz  ;— Invasion  of  Reziii  and  I'e-  ^ 
kah  ;— Ttie  Proi>liecies  of  Isaiah ^ 

ls;ii.iirs  I'rophecy  of  the  Ruin  of  Damascus,  and  / 


I  In-  l)i-v:i>Uitioii  of  Jiidali  liy  Pckah 

Uljailjali  and  Isaiah  proplie-y 

.\lliance  of  Ahaz  with  Tiglatli-pileser,  king  of 
Assyria  ;—Aliaz  coiniuits  Idolatry  ;— Isaiah  and 
llosca  piopliusy 


Ahaz,  and  1', 


tion  of  tlic  Power  of 


the  Kingdom  of  Israel, 
rHE  Reign  of  Ahaz,  King 


Portion   H.— Ev 

OF   Jl'DAH. 

I'lie  Reigns  of  Pekah  and  Hoshea 

Portion  I. — The  Keign  of  Hezekiah. 
Character  of   Hezekiah  ;— He  abolishes  Idolatry,  I 

and  restores  the  true  Worship ) 

Isaiah  prophesies  the  Destruction  of  Moab 

The  Kcr.iriiiatidii    liy  Hezekiah   supported  by  tlie  j 

I'roplic.icsof  .Mirah i 

Isai.ih    pri.|ili(<i.s    tlie    Restoration   of   the    Ten  ^ 

Tribes,  tlip  l'..ni-l nt  <if'  K.Ryiit,  and  the  Con- > 


XIV. 

XV. 

XVI 

XVII 

XVIII 
XIX 

x\ 

XXI. 
XXI 
XXII 


Oil  the  Invasi- 


I,      li.-iiu.iioii  cit'Iyrc 

ill. -,1,11    bj  Uio.Vs.sy  nail  army.  » 
saiiili  (Icl.ve-r.s  a  l'r(i|iii   rv  of  the   Alessiuh,  ami  > 

iridiils  thi^  Dfstninidii  of  Babylon ) 

iin.il  I'lopliecv  of  tlie  Desolation  and  Recovery  ) 

ifJml.ia " i 

liiili's  Prophecy  oftheInva>iiiii(if.lii<l.iii,;iiid  the  / 
Dcsiniilioii  of  Babylon \ 

iHhlniii  rifan.l  i.:ir  i  !l   i  li  li.i:i  '.'•   |  ,;iy  i  Mi; 'I 'riliute; 
_!■  i|,iiii.   1.1    \   111'  I        I    i:   i,      I'liiphecy  of  the 


SCRIPTURE. 


2  Kings 
•2  Kings 
2  Kings 

27.  1, 
of  35 
Chroi 
Kings 
oj  30, 


15.  16-22.. 
15.23-26.. 
15.32;  2 
2;  2  Kings 
;  Micah  1 
I.  27.  3,  tu 
13.  37,  33, 
3C,  3t> 


Chron. 

15.  part 


end;  2 


2  Kings  15.27-29... 


2  Kings  IG.  1-4;  Isaiah?; 
8;  9;  10.  1-4;  2  Kings 
10.  5 


Isaiah  17 

2  Chron.  28.  4-19 

Dbadiah  ;  Isaiah  [.2,  to  end 

2Kingslt).  e-9;  Isaiah  26; 
2  Chron.  2t!.  2U-ii  ;  2 
Kings  It).  10-lS  ;  2  Chr. 
28.24,25;  Hosea  5  ;  ti.. 

2  Chron.  28.20,27;  Isaiah 
14.  28,  to  end;  2  Kings 
16.  19,20;  2  Chron.  28. 
1-3 


Ki.  15.  30,31;  17.1,2., 


2  Kings  18.  1-6;  2  Chr, 
29.  -3,  to  end;  30;  31.. 

Isaiah  15;  16 

fllicah  3.  to  tlie  end  of  tin: 
Boole ;  2  Kings  18.  7,  ' 


[saiah  18  ;  19. 


Townseiul.  1 

lales 

A.  M. 

3232 
3236 

B.C. 

772 
708 

770 

3246 

75d 

757 
758 

32G2 
to 
3278 

742 
to 

72.; 

741 
to 

3233 
3204 

741 
740 

3278 

720 

725 

32(55 

739 

758 

:>eniiaciiiii 
The  Sickness 


\|,      il    I.,  .1,  Misiilein,  while  j 

\   w  I-  111  tlie  Country \ 

l\  ill  ;— His  miraculous  Res- 
toration ;— iMi.ii  -  lurli'-'y  oflhe  I'eign  of  the 
Messiah  ;— Tlie   Kiii^  ul  Babylon  congratulates'; 
Hezekiah  on  his  Recovery  ;— Isaiah  prophesies 
the  Babylonish  Captivity 


oml   Invasion  of  Peniiacherib  ; — His  De- 
-Psalms  on  this  occasion 


Isaiah  prophesies  Comfort  to  the  People  of  God,  j 

and  llie  linal  Uestoration  of  the  Jews \ 

Prophecy  of  the  .\dvent  of  Christ,  and  the  Resto-  i 

ls;ii;ili  -111. ws  111!    I'dlly  of  Idolatry,  and  prophesies  I 

111.'  I  ',,ii\  .1   I,, II  of  the  Gentiles ' 

Isai  ill-  In.pli,-.  \  of  the  Babylonish  Captivity,  and  , 

Isiiiab  riprovi  s  iju-  Kiarlitrs  for  their  Idolatry 

Till-  .Mc~^i:i!i.  llnoiiuli  Isiii  ill,  addresse.^  his  People 
Isiiiah's  I'lo  li-.  V   of  iiie  Rejection  of  Christ,  and 

llir  r\  iiiIm;iI  r.  ..illation  of  his  Church 

Isaiih    |iir,li,  I-   III.'  Humiliation,  Sufferings,   and 

Isai.iir-  I'roplitcv  of  the  Enlargement  and  Triumjih 
of  111,-  Cliurch'. 

Isaiah  prophesies  the  I-'ulne.-'sand  ID.vcellenceof  the 
lik-ssings  of  the  Gospel 


Isaiah  10.  5,  to  end  : 
14.  1-27 


Isaiah  24.  to  27 

Isaiah  22.  1-14;  21 


3274 
3278 


3282 
3383 


3£90 
3291 


Isaiah  29;  30;  31 

2  Kings  20.  1-11  ;  Isaiah 
32.  to  35 ;  and  38.  9-20  ; 
2  Chron.  32.  25,  26;  2 
Kings  20.  12-19  ;  2  Chr. 
32.  24  ;  Isaiah  38.  1-8, 
2l,22;a«(^39 

Isaiah  36.  1 ;  2  Kings  18. 
17,  to  end;  19.  1-7;  Ps. 
44;  2  Kings  19.  8-19; 
Psalm  73;  2  Kings  19. 
20-35  ;  2  Chron.  32.  22, 
23;  Psalms  75;  70;  2 
Kings  19.  3.i,  37  ;  2  Chr. 
32.  9-21  ;  Isaiah  36.  2,  to 
end  i  and  37 


Isaiah  40 ;  41. 
Isaiah  42;  43. 
Isaiah  44 ;  45. 


Isaiah  50  ;  51 ;  52.  1-12. 
Isaiah  52.  13,  to  end;  53. 

Isaiah  54 

Isaiah  55;  56.  1-8 


3:)05       OL.U 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


#11 


XXIV. 
XXV. 


XV. 
XVI. 


CONTENTS. 


Isaiali  predicts  the  Calamities  which  should  be- 
fall JudiKalbr  its  idolatry  and  Hypocrisy 

Isaiah  propliesies  the  future  Glory  aiul  I'riuiiiph 
of  the  Churuli 


L'he  Death  of  llezekiah. 


Portion  II.— Events   in  the  Kingdom  of  Israel, 

CONTEMPORARV    WITH     THE    ReIGN     OF     UeZEKIAH, 

King  of  Judah. 
Reign  of  Hoshea  king  of  Israel,  continued  ;— Shal-  I 

inaneser  invades  the  Dominions  of  Hoshea ) 

Hosea  predicts  the  Captivity  of  the  Ten  Tribes,  and  ) 

exhorts  tlie  Peoiile  to  Repentance ( 

Reign  of  Hosliea,  continued  ;— Captivity  of  the  Ten  ) 

Tribes  ;—tiiid  of  the  Kingdom  of  Israel ) 

The  Reign  of  Manasseh,  King  of  Judah. 

Portion  I.— Idolatry  of  Manasseh  ;— Isaiah's  Pro- 
phecy of  the  Captivity  of  Shcbna ;— Captivity 
and  Death  of  Manasseh 

3RTI0N  II.— State  of  the  Provinces  formerly  ^ 

POS5F.SSED     BY    THE    TeN    TrIBES,     DURING     THE  , 

REIGN  OF  Manasseh,  King  of  Judah 


I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII, 

IX 


The  Reign  of  Amon,  King  of  Judah 

King  of  Juda 


The  Reign  of  Jos 
Josiah  removes  Idolatry. 


Designation  of  Jeremiah  to  the  prophetic  office  ; —  ) 

He  prophesies  against  Judah \ 

Josiah  repairs  the  Temple  ;— The  Book  of  the  Law  I 

is  found  by  Hilkiah i 

Zephaniah  exhorts  the  People  to  Repentance,  about  j 

the  time  of  Josiah's  Reformation i 

Reformation  of  Religion  by  Josiah ;  and  Celebration  ( 

of  tlie  Passover ( 

Jeremiah   reproaches   the  People   for  their  Back-  j 

sliding,  after  the  Reformation  by  Josiah [ 

Jeremiah  describes,  in  prophetic  Anticipation,  the  , 

Sorrows  of  the  approaching  Captivity ' 

Habakkuk  predicts  the  punishment  of  the  peoi)le  , 

for  their  backslid  ng 

Jeiemiah   exhorts  the  People  to  Repentance,  and  j 

laiuents  the  Miseries  of  the  People  on  the  near  ^ 

A|Mii(i;ii  h  of  the  Captivity 

Jert-iiiiali  reminds  the   people  of  the   Covenant  of 

J  osiah 


Ill 
IV 

V- 

VI 

VII 

VIII. 


The  Death  of  Josiah. 


The  Reign  of  Jehoa 


Isaiah  .'iri.  9,  to  end;  57; 
M;  .'■i9.  1-15 

[saiah  59.  IG,  tu  end  of  the 
Buulc 

■2Chron.  32.  27-31,  part  »/ 
32;  2  Kings  20.  part  of 
20;  2Chron.  32.  part  of 
32,  33;2Kings20.  «?i(io/ 
20,  21. 


3294 
to 
3305 


2  Kings  17.  3,4 

Hosea  7.  to  the  end  of  the 


2  Kings  18.  9-12;  2  Kings 
17.  7-23,5,6 


811 
814 


2  Kings21. 1-16;  Isaiah  22. 
\b,lo  end;  2Chr.  33.  11- 
19;  2  Kings  21.  17,  IS; 
2Chron.  33.  1-10,20.... 


2  Kings  21.   19,  to   end;)^ 
2Ciiron.  33.  21,  to  end) 


2  Kings  22.  1,2; 
34.3-7,1,2.... 


Jer.  1;  2;  3.  1-5 

2Chion.34.8-32;  2 Kings 

22.  3,  to  end;  23.  1-3.... 

The  Book  of  Zephaniah. . 

2  Kings 23.  4-20;  2Chron. 

livings 


-19; 


Jer.  3.  6,  to  end 

Jer.  4;  5;   G 

The  Book  of  Habakkuk. 


3306 

to 
3361 


3361 
3363 

3363 
to 
3394 
3375 


IX. 


Reign  of  Jehoiakim. 

Accession  of  Jehoiakim 

Various  Predictions  and  Ajipeals  to  the  Jews,  byl 
the  prophet  Jeremiah,  declaring  the  Certainty  of  | 
their  Captivity  ,and  the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem  ;  )• 
— Pashur  smiles  Jeremiah  therefor  ; — Jeremiah  | 
prophesies  his  Fate J 

Jeremiah's  Prediction  of  the  Fate  of  Shallum  and  ) 
Jehoiakim ) 

Jeremiah  threatens  the  Jews  with  the  De^tructlon  f 
of  their  Temple  and  City  unless  tliey  repent ;—  > 
His  Apprehension  and  Arraiginueiit ) 

Jeremiah's  Prophecy  against  the  Army  of  Pharaoh-  ) 
necho ) 

The  Kechaliites  take  Refuge  in  Jerusalem  from  the  j 
army  of  the  Chaldeans ) 

Jeiem'iah's  Prediction  of  the  Seventy  Vcars'  Cap- 
tivity  \ 

First  Reading  of  the  Roll  by  Baruch  ;— His  Conso-  ) 
lation  thereon i 

Commencement  of  the  Captivity j 


Jer.  7.  (0  10 

.... 

Jer.  11  ;  12 

3394 

2  Chr.  35.  20-24  ;  2  K 
23.  25-27;  2Chion. 
25,  to  end;  2  Kings 
28,  29,  ;jarto/30.... 

2  Kings  23.  part  of  30, 
35  ;  2  Chron.  36.  1-4 

ngs 
35. 
23. 

31- 

2  Kings  23.  36,  37.... 

■\ 

3394 

to 
3105 

Jer.  13.  to  20 

3395 

Jer.  22.  1-23 

Jer  'iG          

3396 

Jer.  46.  1-12 

3398 

Jer.  35 

.... 

Jer.25 

Jer.  36.  1-8  ;  45 

Dan.   1.    1-7  ;  2  Kings 
3,  4  ;  2  Chron.  36.  6 

24. 

832 
835 


599 
609 


853 
859 

863 
870 

873 

873 


886 
887 
889 

891 
893 
894 


12* 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


PERIOD   VIL 
The  Babylonish  Captivity. 


viir. 

IX. 
X. 


xir. 

XIII. 
XIV. 
XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 
XXI. 


I. 

II. 
III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 


CONTF.NTS. 


Events  at  Jerus.ilem   between   the  Commence- 
ment    OF     the   CirTIVlTT   AND   THE    BURMNG   OF 

THE  Temple. 
Reign  of  Jeiioiakiin,  continued  ; — Second  reading) 
ol"  the  Roll ( 

Rebellion  and  Death  of  Jelioiakim ) 


Reign  of  Jehoiachin  ;— Jeremiah  prophesies  the 
Coming  of  ilie  Messiah  ; — The  Jews  are  carried 
iiilu  Cuiitivjly 

Accession  of  Zedekiah  ; — Uerehelleth; — Jeremiah 
jirediris  the  liestornlion  of  the  Jews,  and  the  l)e-  ^ 
solation  of  Zedekiah ) 

Jeremiah  predicts  the  Duration  of  the  Captivity...  j 

Jeremiah's  Prophecy  of  the  Restoration  of  the  Jews.. 

Jeremiah  prefigures  the  Fate  of  the  surrounding  % 
Aalioiis;— Hananiah  the  false  Prophet  is  pun- 5 
islied   Willi   Death > 

Jeremiah's  I'nipliecv  of  the  Fate  of  the  surrounding  ) 
Naticns ■. \ 

Jeremiah  prophesies  the  Destruction  of  Babylon,  j 
and  the  Ketiirn  of  the  Jews ( 

General  Intrndnction  to  the  Xarrative  of  the  De-  ( 
struction  of  the  Templvs  and  of  Jerusalem ^ 

Approach  of  the  Clialdean  Army; — Capture  of 
Zedekiah  and  the  ci  )'  foretold  by  Jeremiah; — . 
The  Hebrew  slaves  released 

Imprisonment  of  Jeremiah  ;— He  foretells  the  Res- 
ration  of  the  Jews 

The  Chaldeans  raise  the  Siege  of  Jerusalem,  and 
march  ajjiinsl  Pharaoh  Hophra,  king  of  Egypt.. 

Jeremiah  foretells  the  Destruction  of  the  Philistines 
and  the  Egyptians 

On  the  Departure  of  the  Chaldeans,  the  Hebrew 
Slave-  are  recalled,  for  which  Jeremiah  predicts 
the  Babylonish  Captivity 

Jeremiah,  attempting  to  make  liis  Escape  from  Je- 
rusalem, is  aiiain  imprisoned 

Jeremiah,  apiilied  to  by  the  King,  repeats  his  for- 
mer Predict  ons 

Jeremiah  is  committed  to  the  Dungeon  of  .Malchiah. 

The  Capture  of  Jerusalem  and  of  Zedekiah  ; — The  | 
Deliverance  of  Jeiemiah  ;— The  Burning  of  the  j 
Temple; — The  People  are  carried  captive  to) 
Babylon •»....! 

Psalms  composed  by  the  Jews  during  their  Cap-  ( 

tivity  at  Babylon \ 

Jeremiah  laments  the  Desolation  of  his  Country.,  j 


Events  at  Babvlon  between  the  Commence 

MENT    OF    the    CaPTIVITT     AND    THE    DESTRUCTION 

OF  THE  Temple. 
Condition  of  Daniel  and  his  Companions  at  Babylon 
Till-  Ci.iiimission  of  Ezekiel 

Ezfkiel  projihesies  the  Miseries  and  Destruction  of  ( 

F/.ikiil'>  \  i-ioii  of  the  Idolatries  which  occasioned  ( 
til     i;  .Ir.i.ii;  li  i';iiilivitv.. j 

r.ziki-/-    !■  ..  li  r,s  airainst  Zedekiah,  the  false 
Pro,  111  ,  .1'  I '!-  I-  II,  and  the  Jewi.-h  Nation.. . .  j 

Piojih.  .  e,  ;ul,li..-sed  to  the  Elders  of  the  Jews  by 
Ezekiel \ 

Prophecy  of  the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem,  deliv-  « 
ered  by  Ezekiel  at  the  Commencement  of  the  > 
Siege ) 

Ezekiel  prophesies  the  Judgment  of  Pharaoh  for  ^ 
his  Treachery  to  Israel  and  the  Desolation  of  > 
Egypt ) 

Ezekiel  |iropliesies  the  Destruction  of  Assyria  and  / 

Jigypt i 

HUTORT  OF  THAT  PoBTION  OF  THE  JeWISH  \*- 
TION  WHO  WERE  NOT  CARRIED  CAPTIVE  TO  BaB- 
YLON,  AFTER   THE    DESTRUCTION    OF    THE  TeMPLE. 

Gednliah  appointed  Governor  of  Judica  by  Nebii-"! 
chadnezzar  after  the  Destruction  of  the  Temple  ;  | 
— Jeremiah   and  the   Remainder  of  the  People  S 
altiich  themstlves  to  Gedaliah,  who  is  assassi- 
nated by  Ishmael J 


SCKIPTCRE. 


Jer.  ; 


,tO( 


2  Kings  24.  part  ofl,  2  ;  2 
Chum.  3ti.  8  ;  2  Kings 
24.  5;    aChron.  3t).  5... 

a  Kings  24.  6-9  ;  Jer.  22. 
24,  /«  end ;  23  ;  2  Kings 
24.  10-lU  :   2  Chron.  3a 


9,  10. 


Jer.  52.  1-3  ;  24 , 

Jer.  29.  1-14,16-20,15,21 

to  end 

Jer.  30:  31 


Jer.  27;  28.. 

Jer.  48;  49.. 
Jer.  50;  51.. 


2  Chron.  3G.  11-21.... 

Jer.  39.  1.  ;  2Kings25.  enrf 
o/I,2;  Jer.  37.  1-4;  34 
1-10;  2  Kings  25.  be- 
ginning (if  1 

Jer.  32;  33 

Jer.  37.5 

Jer.  47;  37.  6-10 

Jer.  34.  11,  lo  end 


Jer.  37.  11,  to  end. 


Jer.  21 

Jer.  38  ;  39.  15,  to  end. . . . 

Jer.  52.  5,  6  ;  39.  3 ;  52.  7 
11  ;  39.  11-14;  52.  24 
27,  12-14,  17-23,  15,  16 
39.  10:  2  Kings  24.  17 
to  end  ;  25.  3-21  ;  Jer.  39 
2,4-9;  52.  4 

Psalms  79;  74;  83  ;  94... 

The  Lamentations  of  Jere 
miab 


Dan.  1.8,  «o  end 

Ezek.  1;  2;  3.  1-21.. 
Ezek.  3.  22,  lo  end;   4.  to 
7 


Ezek.  8.  toll.  1-21... 
Ezek.  II.  22,  to  end;  12.  to 


Ezek.  20.  lo  : 
Ezek.  21.... 


Ezek.  29.  1-lG.. 


3407 
3409 


3414 
3415 


3411      593 
3413      591 


Ezek.  30.  20,  to  end;  31.. .   3416      588 


2  Kings  2.1.  22  ;  Jer.  40  ; 
41.  1-10  ;  2  Kings  25. 
23-26 


913 
919 
926 


INDEX    THE    FIRST. 


*13 


CONTENTS. 


IX. 
X, 
XI. 
XII. 
XIII. 
XIV. 
XV, 


XVI 
XVII 
XVIII 

xrx 

XX 


Jolianan  rescues  tlie  Captives  from  Tslimnel,  and,  ^ 
contrary  to  llie  CoinnKiiids  of  CJoil  given  liy  Jere-  > 
iniali,  takes  refuge  atTuhpanhes  in  Egypt > 

Prophecy  of  Jeremiah  against  Egypt | 

Fin.il  Predictions  of  Jeremiah  against  the  idolatrous  ) 
Jews,  and  at'Hinst   Kgypt ] 

Brief  Kecapitulation  of  the  Captivities  of  tlie  Jews  ( 
by  Nebuchadrezzar ) 

Events  at  B.4BTlon  between  the  Destruction 
OF  Jerus.vlem  and  the  Return  from  the  Cap- 
tivity. 

Ezekiel,   being   informed  of   the   Destruction    of] 
Jerusalem,  predicts  the  utter  Desolation  of  Judaea, 
and  the  Judgments  of  God  against  the  .AiiiiiK)!!-  > 
ites,  .Moab  and  Seir,  Edom,  and  the  Philistines,  | 

Ezekiel  ,:i.i|,|ir<ii  -  Uii'  Destruction  of  Tyre 

Bzekirl"-^  l'i,il.l]ir\   ;,;;niiist  Ecypt 

Ezeku-I  ill..,  h.  Mi-^  ili.i  tiual  Judgment,  of  Egypt 

Ezekiel's  .\ppt';il  ti.  the  Captives  in   Babylon 

Ezekiel  proceeds  to  denounce  the  Anger  of  God  on"! 
the  Governors  of  the  Jews,  who  had  deceived  1 
the  People  to  their  Ruin  ;— He  then  predicts  the  ^ 
Restoration  of  the  Jews  tn  .lenisiilem,  and  tlie 
ultimate  llapiiliiess  of  I  hii-l's   Kingdom J 

Ezekiel's  Pro;hecv  of  lin-  future  lii.ai  Contest  be- 
tween the  Church  anil  it~  lOiieiines,  (iog  and  IVla- 
aog  ; — God's  Judgment  against  them  ;— and  the 
Conversion  of  the  Jews  in  the  latter  days 

Ezekiel's  Vision  of  the  Second  Temple 

Ezekiel's  last  Prediction  against  Egypt 

Daniel  relates  to  Nebuchadnezzar  the  Dream  the 
King  had  forgotten 

Nebiii  hadiiezzar,  on  tlie  Completion  of  his  Con- 
quests, sets  up  the  golden  Image 

Nebuchadnezzar's  second  Dream; — His  Madness 
and  Recovery 

Accession  of  Evil  Merodach,  and  Release  of  Je- 
hoiachiii  from  prison 

Daniel's  First  Vision  of  the  four  living  Creatures. 

Psalms  written  durinathe  Distresses  and  Afflictions 
of  the  Church,  i:liiefly  in  the  Babylonish  Cap- 
tivity  

Belshazzai's  Fe.-Lst 

Daniel's  Vision  of  the  Ram  and  the  He  Goat 

Prayer  of  Daniel  for  the  Restoration  of  Jerusalem, 
and  Prophecy  of  the  Seventy  Weeks 

Daniel  is  cast  into  the  Den  of  Lions 

Decree  of  Cyrus  for  the  Return  of  the  Jews  ; — 
Psalms  on  the  occasion 


SCRIPTURE. 

D 

ATE. 

Towns 

]1>I. 

Hales 

A.M. 

B.  C. 

B.C. 

Jer.  41.   11,    to    end;  42; 

3417 

587 

999 
1001 

Jer.  43.  8,  to  end ;  4li.   13, 
to  end 

Jer.  44 

1003 
1005 

Jer.  52.  28-30 

Ezek.  33.  21,  Jo   etid;  25. 

1005 

Ezek.  26.  to  28 

Ezek.  32.  1-16 

Ezek.  32.  n,  to  end 

Ezek.  33.1-20 

:::: 

1007 
1012 
U113 
1015 

Ezek.  34.  to  37 

1016 

Ezek.  38;  39 

... 

1023 

Ezek.  40.  to  the  end  of  the 
Bonk 

3430 
3432 
3434 

574 
572 
570 

5C9 

1026 

1039 
1042 

1048 

Ezek.  29.  17,  lo  end;  30. 
1  19 

Dan. 3 

Dan.  4 



1049 

Jer.  :.-'.:!l, /,.,»(/;  2 Kings 

Dim'  ......... ...V""^. 

Psalms  l:i7  ;    1311;  80;  77 
37  ;  67  ;  49  ;  53  :  50  ;  10 
13  ;  14  ;  15  ;  25  ;  2o  ;  27 
36;  89;  92;  93;  12.3.... 

Dan   5 

3443 
3463 

3465 

561 
541 

539 
538 

561 
553 

1052 
1052 

10.';4 
1069 
1072 
1074 

Dan.  9;  Psalm  102 

3466 

Dan    6 

3667 
36C8 

537 

536 

536 

1077 
1079 

Ezra  1.  1-4  ;  Psalms  126 
85;  2  Chron.  36.  22,  23 

PERIOD   VIII. 

From  the  Termination  of  tJie  Babylonish  Captivity  to  the  Reformation  of  Worship  by  JVehemiah, 
and  the  Completion  of  the  Canon  of  the   Old  Testament  by  .Simon  the  Just. 

From  the  Decree  of  Cyrus  to  the   Dedication 
OK  THE  Second  Temple. 

Return  of  the  Jews  from  their  Captivity  ;— Psalms  J 
composed  on  the  occasion j 

The   Foundation    of  the    Temple   laid  ;— Psalms  ) 

thereon \ 

The  Building  of  the   Temple  interrupted  ; — Last  ) 

Vision  of  Daniel \ 

The  Building  of  the  Temple  resumed  ;— Haggai 
and  Zechariah  prophesy 

The  Building  of  the  Temple  again   interrupted, 

and  again  resumed  ;— Zechariah  prophesies i        Psalm  138  ;  Zech.  7  ;  8.   3485      519    463    1107 

The  Finishing  of  the  Temple  ;— The  Feasts  of  the 

Dedication  and  the  Passover  are  kept ; — Psalms 

on  the  occasion )        149  ;  150....'.....'.....'   3489      515    516    1111 

From  the  Dedication  of  the  Second  Temple 

the  Death  of  Haman. 
Opposition  to  the  Jews  in  the  reign  of  Xer.\es.. . . 

VOL.   I.  151 


^• 

I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

II. 

I. 

Ezral 

5,  to   end;   2;   3. 

1-7; 

Psalms  107  ;    87  ; 

111; 

112;    113;    114; 

116; 

117  ;    125  ;    127  ; 

128; 

Ezras 

8,  to  end ;  Psalms 

84; 

36 

Ezra  4 

1-5,  part  0/24  ;Ps. 

129; 

Dan.  10;  11;  12.. 

Ezra  4 

part  of  24;  5.   1 ; 

Hag 

1.  1-11  :  Ezra  5. 

2;  Hag.  1.   12,  to  end;| 

2.   1 

-9;   Zech.  1.    1-6; 

Hag 

2. 10,  to  end;  Zech. 

1.7, 

to  end;  2  ;  f o  6 

Ezra  5.  3,  to  end  ;  6.  1-13  ;  | 

Psal 

m  138  ;  Zech.  7  ;  8. 

Ezra  6 

14,  to  end  ;  Psalms 

48; 

SI  ;  146  ;  147  ;  148  ; 

149, 

150 

Ezra  4 

.  6 

3468 

536 

536 

3469 

535 

3470 

534 

529 

3484 

520 

3485 

519 

463 

3489 

515 

516 

3518 

486 

14* 


INDEX  THE  FIRST. 


CONTENTS. 


Opposition  to  the  Jews  in  the  reign  of  Aitaxerxes  j 
L.on|£iiiianiis > 

Arta\erxes  divorces  his  aueen 

Cum  in  is -ion  of  Ezra 

Ksther  made  tiueen  of  I'ersia 

The  Keforinntion  hy  Kzra 

Concluding  Prophecies  of  Zecharlah 

.Mordecai  discovers  the  Cunspiraiy  against  Arta-  j 
xerxe-! ) 

Plot  of  Hanian  for  the  Destruction  of  the  Jews, 
and  its  Uefeat S 

From   the    Reformation   by  Nehemiah    to   the 
Closing  of  the  Canon. 

First  Commission  of  Nehemlali 

The  Walls  of  Jerusalem  relmilt 

Dedication  of  the  Wall  of  Jerusalem 

.Nehemiah  returns  to  Persia 

Second  Coinini-sion  of  Nehemiah,  and  Rtforina-S 
tion  effected  hy  him ^ 

Malachi  prophesies  against  the  Corruptions  wliich  ^ 
had  been  introduced  during  the  second  absence  > 
of  Nehemiah ' 

Further  Reformation  by  Nelieiniah 

Final  Pro|)hecy  of  the  Old  Testament ;— Malachi  i 
foretells  the  Advent  of  John  the  Baptist,  the  Fore-  > 
runner  of  the  Saviour •  .^ ' 

Detached    Genealogies,  Successions,  am 
inserted 
Canon. 


ed    Genealogies,  Successions,  and  h,vents,  ^ 
ted    probably    at   the    Completion   of   the  > 


date. 

Towiiscnd.    1 

H»les 

A.M. 

R.C.i 

B  c. 

Ezra  4  7  23           

3540 
3542 
3546 
3547 

464 
462 
4.5ri 
457 

Est.  1 ;  2.  1,  toparl  of  15. 

Ezra-;   8 

Est.  2.  purt  o/i-er.  15-20. 

463 
4.57 
460 

Zech.  9.  to  end  of  Book... 

.... 

Esther  2.  21,  to  enrf 

Esllier  3.  to  the  end  of  tlie 

Neh   1  •  2.  1-11 

3559 

445 

444 

433 
443 

444 

Neh.  2.  12,  to  end  ;  3.  to  6. 
Neh    1'''  ''7-43 

Neh   7    14 

Neh.  7.  5,  ioend;8.to  11; 

12.  1-9,  and  44,  to  end  ; 

13.  1-3;  Ps.  1;  119.... 

Mai.  1;  2;  3.  1-15....  1 

35G0 
to 
3.571 
3.501 

3576 

428 

Neh.  13.  4,(0  end J 

to 
3595 

to 
409 

Mai.  3.  IG,  (oend;  4 

3604 

400 

1  Chron.  1.  to  9;  Neh.  12. 
10-26 


15* 


INDEX    THE    SECOND, 

ON   THE   PLAN   RECOMMENDED   BY   TORSHEL,* 


IN  WHAT   PART  OF   THE  ARRANGEMENT  ANY  CHAPTER  OR  VERSE   OF   THE 
OLD   TESTAMENT  MAY   BE   FOUND. 


SCRIPTURE. 


1-3. 

4,  to  end. 


5,  tn  end. 

]-12. 

]3,  «o  end. 

]-17. 

18,  to  end. 

1-9. 
10-2G. 
27,  to  end 


2-4. 
5-13. 
14,  to  end. 


17. 

18.  1-15, 

Ki,  to  end. 

19.  1-29. 

30,  to  end. 
20. 

21.  1-8. 
9-21. 

22,  to  end. 

22.  1-19. 

20,  to  end. 
23. 
24. 
25.  1-fi. 


12-18. 

19-28. 

20,  tu  end. 
2G.  part  of  1. 

part  of  I,  to  end, 
27.  1-45. 

4C. 
28. 
29.  1-14. 

15,  to  end 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33.  1-17. 

18,  to  end. 
34. 
35.  1-27. 

28,  29. 
36. 


PLACE  IN  THE  ARRANGEMENT. 


Period       Part.  Section.         Page. 


I. 
II. 

I. 
II. 
HI. 
IV. 
V. 

vi. 

VII. 


II. 
HI. 

IV. 

V. 
VI. 
VII. 
VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

xi. 
ir. 

XII. 
XIII. 
XIV. 

XV. 
XVII. 
XVI. 

xvni. 
xrx. 

XXI. 

I. 
III. 

XX. 

I. 


II 

95 

IV. 

97 

v. 

99 

99 

100 

VI. 

100 

101 

VII. 

103 

VIII. 

105 

loi; 

IX. 

107 

X. 

108 

IV. 

115 

XI. 

109 

SCRIPTURE. 


GENESIS. 


37.  1. 
beginning  of  2, 
eyid  of  2,  to  end. 

38.  1-5. 

6,  to  end. 

39.  1-6. 

7,  to  end. 
40. 

41.  1-45. 

46,  to  end. 
42. 
43. 
44. 
45. 

46.  1-7. 

8,  to  end. 

47.  1-12. 
13-26. 
27,  to  end. 

48. 
49. 
50.   1. 

2,  to  end. 

EXODUS. 


2. 
3. 
4.  1-28. 

29,  to  end. 
5. 

6.  1-13. 
14-27. 
28,  to  end. 

7.  1-13. 

14,  to  end. 

8.  1-15. 
16-19. 
20,  to  end. 

9.  1-7. 
8-12. 

13,  to  end. 
10.  1-20. 

21-27. 

28,  29. 
11. 

12.  1-20. 
21-30. 
31-36. 
37-39. 
40-42. 
43,  to  end. 

13.  1-19. 

20,  to  end. 

14.  1-18. 

19,  to  end. 

15.  1-21. 
22-26. 
27. 


PLACE  IN  THE  ARRANGEMENT. 


Period 

Part. 

II. 

V. 

IV. 

V. 

vi. 

lii. 

i". 

11. 

'."• 

IV. 

y 

vi. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

VII. 

'.'. 

VIII. 

I. 

vni. 

I. 

IX. 

II. 
I. 
III. 


I. 

II. 
111. 

IV. 


V. 

141 

VI. 

141 

VI 1. 

142 

VIII. 

143 

I. 

145 

II. 

146 

146 

144 

146 

147 

I. 

148 

147 

II. 

148 

148 

III. 

149 

IV. 

149 

V. 

151 

151 

VI. 

1.52 

VII. 

153 

Page 


See  Introdudion,  pp.  1,  2. 


16* 


INDEX  THE  SECOND. 


SCRIPTURE. 

PLACE   IN   THE   ARUASGEME.VT. 

SCRIPTURE. 

PLACE   IN    THE  ARRA.NGEME.NT. 

EXODUS. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Page. 

NUMBERS. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Pa.e^ 
253 

Ifi. 

III. 

VIII. 

VIII. 

l.->3 

21.  10,  11. 

III. 

VIIL 

LXIV. 

17. 

X. 

155 

1-2,  to  part  of  18. 

LXV. 

253 

18.  1-26. 

XI. IX. 

•iJ^ 

la^t  part  of  18, 

l'.' 

LXVI. 

254 

27. 

lA. 

■Jis7 

19,  2J. 

i 

19 

XI. 

1.-)1J 

21,  to  end. 

LXV. 

253 

20'. 

XII. 

l.J7 

22. 

LXVIL 

254 

21. 

xm. 

1.-8 

23. 

•256 

22. 

159 

•24. 

•2.-,8 

23. 

160 

25. 

LXVIII. 

259 

24. 

xl'v. 

liil 

26. 

LXIX. 

2.0 

25. 

XV. 

K.2 

27.  1-11. 

LXX. 

2r.2 

26. 

hA 

12,  to  end. 

LXXXVL 

310 

27. 

Ibo 

28. 

LXXI. 

263 

28. 

xVi. 

lliO 

•29. 

265 

29. 

166 

30. 

LXX  1 1. 

266 

30. 

XVII. 

17J 

31. 

LXXUL 

267 

31. 

171 

32. 

LXXIV. 

269 

32! 

" 

xvhi. 

17-J 

33.   1-5. 

I. 

147 

33. 

174 

6. 

HI. 

149 

34. 

xik. 

175 

7. 

IV. 

149 

35. 

XX. 

176 

8. 

V. 

151 

36. 

178 

9,10. 

VII. 

153 

37. 

179 

11. 

VIII. 

154 

38. 

180 

12,  13. 

IX. 

155 

39. 

161 

14. 

X. 

155 

40. 

18J 

15. 

XI. 

156 

16. 

L. 

•237 

17. 

LIU. 

039 

LEVITICUS. 

18. 
19-35. 

LIV. 
LIX. 

243 
250 

■. 

XXI. 

184 

36. 

LX. 

251 

o_ 

1«5 

37-39. 

LXI  I. 

252 

3. 

[_ 

185 

40. 

LXL 

252 

t. 

186 

41. 

LXIII. 

253 

5. 

188 

4^2-44. 

LXIV. 

253 

6. 

189 

45. 

LXV. 

253 

7. 

8. 

190 

46,  47. 

LXVI. 

254 

XXII. 

191 

48. 

LWII. 

•259 

9. 

1J3 

49. 

LXVIII. 

■259 

10!  1-7. 

x.xiii. 

194 

50,  to  end. 

LXXV. 

•270 

8,  («  end. 

XXIV. 

194 

34. 

•271 

9.   1-14. 

XXV. 

195 

35. 

LXX  VI. 

272 

11. 

XXVI. 

196 

36.   1-12. 

LXX. 

263 

I"i. 

XXVII. 

197 

13. 

LXXXV. 

309 

13. 

XXVIil. 

198 

14.  1-32. 

XXIX. 

200 

33,  to  end. 

xax. 

-JO-2 

DEUTERO-X. 

15. 

XXXI. 

2J2 

IB. 

XXXII. 

2J4 

1. 

LXXVIl. 

273 

17. 

XXXIU. 

2J5 

2.  1. 

2T5 

18 

XXXIV. 

206 

2,  to  end. 

•275 

19. 

XXXV. 

2J7 

3. 

277 

•20. 

XXXVI. 

•209 

4.   1-41. 

278 

21. 

XXXVII. 

210 

41,  to  end. 

LXXVIIL 

•J80 

Hi. 

211 

5. 

LXXIX. 

280 

23. 

xxxViii. 

212 

6. 

&51 

24. 

xxxix. 

•J  J  4 

7. 

LXXX. 

282 

25. 

XL. 

2i5 

8. 

284 

2li. 

XLI. 

217 

9. 

LXXXI. 

284 

27. 

XLII. 

2x9 

10.  1-5. 

286 

6-9. 

LXXVIL 

275 

10,  to  end. 

LXXXI. 

•286 

NUiMBERS. 

11. 
1-2. 

LXXXII. 

286 

2.<6 

1. 

.. 

XLIII. 

2^0 

13. 

269 

2. 

2-J2 

14. 

2il0 

3. 

xi'iv. 

2.>4 

15. 

" 

2111 

4. 

•22  J 

16. 

2;h> 

5. 

xi/v. 

2;8 

17.  1. 

2'J3 

6. 

•->29 

2,  to  end. 

LXXXIII. 

•294 

7. 

XL  VI. 

2.U) 

]8. 

295 

8. 

Xi,\II. 

2.i:t 

19. 

295 

9.  1-14. 

XXV. 

]!i5 

2J. 

296 

15,  to  end. 

2.i6 

•297 

10.  1-10. 

XLviii. 

•Si4 

•22! 

298 

11--28. 

•2J0 

•23. 

299 

29-32. 

lK 

•j;i7 

24. 

300 

33,  to  end. 

. 

L. 

2:)7 

25. 

301 

11.   1-34. 

MI. 

237 

26. 

302 

35. 

Llll. 

•2;)9 

27. 

LXXXIV. 

303 

12.  1-15. 

239 

28. 

304 

16. 

LI  v. 

240 

29. 

LXXXV. 

307 

13. 

240 

30. 

309 

14. 

241 

31.  1-8. 

LXXXVL 

310 

15. 

LV. 

243 

9,  to  end. 

LXXXVII. 

311 

16. 

LVI. 

•245 

32.   1-47. 

312 

17. 

. 

247 

48,  to  end. 

LXXXVIII. 

314 

18. 

. 

Lv'll. 

248 

33.       ' 

315 

19. 

LVdL 

219 

34. 

316 

20.  1-13. 

LX. 

251 

14-21. 
22-29. 

LXI. 
LXIt. 

251 
2)2 

JOSHUA. 

21.  1-3. 

LXI. 

252 

1.  1-9. 

IV. 

I. 

T. 

317 

4-9. 

LXI  11. 

252 

10,  to  end. 

in. 

3-20 

INDEX  THE  SECOND. 


#17 


SCRIPTUUE. 

PLACE  IN  THE  ARRANGEMENT. 

SCRIPTURE. 

PLACE  IN  THE  ARRANGEMENT. 

JOSHUA. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Pagv. 

I.  SAMUEL. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Page. 

2. 

IV. 

I. 

II. 

319 

18.  5-9. 

IV. 

VI. 

VII. 

407 

3. 

HI. 

321 

10,  to  end. 

408 

4. 

322 

19.  1-3. 

4U8 

5.  1-1-2. 

IV. 

323 

4-17. 

409 

13,  to  end. 

V. 

3M 

18, lo  end. 

viii. 

411 

6.  1. 

.. 

324 

20. 

411 

2,  lo  end. 

.. 

324 

21. 

IX. 

413 

7. 

vi. 

325 

22.  part  of  \. 

415 

8.  1-99. 

327 

par(o/l,&2. 

\\ 

416 

30,  lo  end. 

vVn. 

333 

3-19. 

X. 

417 

9. 

vti. 

328 

20,  to  end. 

XI. 

423 

10. 

329 

23.  1. 

423 

11. 

via. 

332 

2-12. 

423 

12. 

11. 

335 

13-23. 

425 

13.  1-14. 

336 

24-28. 

426 

15,  to  end. 

ii. 

337 

29. 

xfi. 

426 

14.  1-5. 

337 

24. 

426 

6,  to  end. 

338 

25. 

xiii. 

429 

15. 

338 

26. 

XIV. 

431 

16. 

340 

27.  I. 

XV. 

432 

17. 

340 

2-7. 

" 

433 

18. 

341 

8,  to  end. 

434 

19. 

342 

28. 

XVI. 

434 

20. 

lir. 

314 

29. 

436 

21.  1-42. 

344 

30. 

XVI  r. 

436 

43,  to  end. 

in. 

346 

31. 

XVIII. 

438 

22. 

I. 

IX. 

333 

23. 

III. 

316 

24. 

347 

H.  SAMUEL. 
1. 

439 

JUDGES. 

2. 
3. 

v'li. 

i'. 

440 
442 

1. 

IV. 

I. 

349 

4.  1-3. 

443 

2.  1-5. 

350 

4. 

IX. 

470 

6-13. 

if. 

351 

5,  to  end. 

4.13  : 

14,  to  end. 

V. 

I. 

358 

5.  1-3. 

ii. 

444 

3.  l-Il. 

359 

4-10. 

447 

12-30. 

if. 

359 

11,  to  end. 

III. 

448 

31. 

III. 

360 

6.  1-11. 

IV. 

449 

4. 

IV. 

360 

12,  to  end. 

V. 

460 

5. 

361 

7. 

VI. 

400 

6.  1-G. 

V. 

363 

8. 

VIII. 

468 

7,  to  end. 

VH. 

368 

9;  10. 

IX. 

471 

7. 
8. 

370 

11. 

12.  1,  Jo  part  0/15. 

X. 

474 
475 

9. 

viii. 

372 

part  of  15-23. 

479 

10.  ]-5. 

IX. 

374 

24,  25. 

xi. 

481 

6,  to  end. 

X. 

375 

26,  to  end. 

X. 

479 

11. 

375 

13.  1-22. 

XI. 

480 

12.  1-7. 

377 

23,  to  end. 

481 

8,  to  end. 

xi. 

378 

14. 

482 

13. 

Xll. 

378 

15.  1-29. 

XII. 

483 

14. 

XIV. 

383 

30,  to  end. 

485 

15.  1-19. 

384 

16.  1-14. 

[  \ 

485 

20. 

XVI. 

387 

15,  to  end. 

487 

16. 

387 

17. 

487 

17. 

IV. 

if. 

351 

18. 

x'lV. 

496 

18. 

352 

19. 

497 

19. 

III. 

353 

20.  1,2. 

XV. 

499 

20. 

355 

3. 

XIV. 

499 

21. 

•• 

357 

4,  to  end. 
21.  1-14. 

15,  to  end. 

XV. 
XVI. 
XVII. 

500 
501 
501 

RUTH. 

22. 

23.  1-7. 

XXVI. 

502 
541 

1. 

.. 

V. 

VI. 

364 

8-12. 

446 

2. 

365 

13-17. 

vi. 

ix'. 

416 

3;  4. 

366 

18,  to  end. 
24.  1-9. 
10-15. 

VII. 

II. 

XVIII. 

448 
506 
507 

I.  SAaiUEL. 

16. 
17. 

509 
508 

1. 

XIII. 

379 

18,  to  end. 

509 

2.  1-21. 

380 

22,  to  end. 

XV. 

385 

3. 

Xlll. 

382 

I.  KINGS. 

4. 

XVII. 

387 

5. 

XVIII. 

388 

1. 

XX. 

51 1 

6. 

389 

2.  1-9. 

XXVI. 

541 

7.  1. 

390 

10,  11. 

542 

2,  to  end. 

xix. 

390 

12. 

V. 

L 

542 

8. 

391 

13-38. 

544 

9. 

vi. 

i'. 

392 

39,  to  end. 

ii. 

548 

10. 

394 

3.  1,2. 

549 

11. 

ii. 

395 

3. 

I. 

543 

12. 

396 

4. 

545 

13. 

III. 

397 

5,  to  end. 

543 

14. 

398 

4.  1-25. 

__ 

546    , 

15. 

IV.' 

400 

26-28. 

[  _ 

574 

16.  1-13. 

V. 

402 

29-33. 

Vl'. 

576 

14,  to  end. 

VII. 

407 

34. 

\[ 

574 

17. 

VI. 

403 

5.  1-9. 

\[ 

IL 

547 

18.  1-4. 

405 

10,  to  end. 

■■ 

548 

18* 


INDEX  THE  SECOND. 


SCRIPTURE. 

PLACE  IN  THE   ARRANGEMENT. 

SCRIPTURE. 

PLACE   I.N   THE   ARRANGEMENT. 

I.  KINGS. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Page. 
549 

n.  KINGS. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Page. 

678 

6.  1. 

V. 

II. 

14.  1-6. 

VI. 

IX.  Pn.  I. 

2,3. 

553 

part  of  7. 

678 

4-8. 

550 

part  0/7-14. 

679 

9-14. 

552 

15,  16. 

IX.  Pn.  II. 

I. 

680 

15-3G. 

550 

17-20. 

IX.  Pn.  I. 

679 

37,  38. 

553 

21,  22. 

X.  Pn.  I. 

V. 

693 

7.  1-12. 

., 

IV. 

I. 

5G4 

23,  24. 

IX.  Pn.  II. 

II. 

680 

13-50. 

11. 

551 

25-27. 

X.  Pn.  11. 

1. 

693 

51. 

553 

28. 

V. 

705 

8.  1,  to  part  of  50. 

lii. 

oli2 

29. 

.. 

708 

part  u/oO-(jl. 

561 

15.  1. 

X.  I'll.  I. 

I. 

680 

62,  to  end. 

563 

2-7. 

V. 

693 

9.  1-9. 

IV. 

r. 

565 

8-12. 

X.  Pll.  II. 

VII. 

7U9 

10-14. 

II. 

5';5 

13-15. 

VIII. 

709 

lJ-23. 

v". 

572 

16-22. 

IX. 

709 

24. 

IV. 

I. 

oii6 

23-26. 

X. 

710 

2.i. 

V. 

575 

27-29. 

XI.  Pn.  II. 

714 

2G,  to  end. 

573 

30,  31. 

XII.  Pn.  11. 

730 

10.  1-10. 

574 
573 

32. 
33,  34. 

XI.  Pn.  I. 

710 
713 

12]  13. 

574 

part  ,,/.35, 

710 

14,  to  end. 

573 

part  0/35-38. 

713 

11.   1-14. 

VII. 

610 

16.  1-4. 

XII.  Pn.  I. 

I. 

714 

15-20. 

IV. 

VIII. 

468 

5. 

719 

21,  22. 

V. 

j'_ 

I. 

545 

6-9. 

V. 

725 

23-40. 

Vl'l. 

611 

10-18. 

727 

41-43. 

Vlll. 

622 

19,  20. 

vi. 

730 

12.   1-24. 

vi. 

I.  I'll.  1. 

C23 

17.  1,2. 

Xll.Pn.II. 

730 

35,  to  end. 

I.  I'll.  II. 

627 

3,4. 

XIII.  Pn.Il. 

I. 

824 

13. 

628 

5   6. 

III. 

832 

14.  1-20. 

III.  I'll.  II. 

I. 

634 

7-23. 

831 

part  of  HI. 

1.  Pll.  I. 

623 

24,  to  end. 

XIV.  Pn.  II. 

835 

part  of->l. 

626 

18.  1-6. 

XIU.  Pn.  I. 

I. 

731 

22-24. 

625 

7.8. 

111. 

742 

2a,tuend. 

62; 

9-12. 

XIII.  Pn.  II. 

831 

15.  1,  2. 

II'. 

631 

13-16. 

XIII.  Pn.  I. 

X. 

764 

3^. 

630 

17,  to  end. 

XIII. 

777 

9-1.5. 

Ill.V'n.  I. 

631 

19.  1-7. 

778 

l<)-24. 

633 

8-19. 

780 

25-31. 

III.  I'll.  II. 

II. 

635 

20-35. 

781 

3-2,  to  end. 

III. 

635 

3o,  37. 

784 

IG.  1-7. 

635 

20.  1-11. 

XII. 

770 

8-14. 

IV. 

633 

12-19. 

776 

15-22. 

V. 

636 

2D,  21. 

XXVI. 

823 

2J-2S. 

VI. 

637 

21.  1-16. 

XIV.' Pn.  I. 

832 

29,  to  end. 

VII. 

637 

17,  18. 

834 

17. 

IV.  I'n.  II. 

I. 

643 

19,  (0  end 

XV. 

836 

18. 

II. 

644 

22.  1,2. 

XVI. 

I. 

836 

19. 

616 

3,  to  end. 

III. 

8-14 

20. 

iVi. 

647 

23.  1-3. 

845 

21. 

IV. 

649 

4-21. 

v! 

849 

22.  1-40. 

V. 

651 

21-24. 

851 

41-44. 

IV.  Pll.  I. 

638 

a5,  to  part  of  30. 

xi. 

873 

45. 

643 

part,f30--SD. 

XV 11. 

873 

46,  47. 

638 

36,  37. 

XVIII. 

I. 

874 

48-5J. 

613 

24.  part  of  I, 

IX. 

895 

5\,toend. 

IV.  I'll.  II. 

VI. 

653 

part  of  1,2. 

VII. 

I. 

II. 

897 

3,  4. 

VI. 

XVIII. 

IX. 

894 

5. 

VII. 

I. 

II. 

II.  KINGS. 

6-9. 
10-16. 

III. 

902 

1. 

653 

17,  to  rnd. 

xVx. 

939 

2. 

viii. 

655 

25.  he.nnnin.r  of  1. 

XI. 

928 

3.  1-5. 

VII. 

654 

end  if  I,  2. 

937 

0,  to  end. 

IX. 

657 

3-21. 

xix. 

940 

4. 

X. 

658 

22. 

III. 

I. 

997 

5. 

6(i0 

2:i-2G. 

998 

6.  1-23. 

661 

27,  to  end. 

IV. 

xiii. 

1052 

21,  to  end. 

V.  Pn.  II. 

664 
661 
666 

B.  1-G. 

I.  CIIRON. 

7-15. 

VI.  pll.  U. 

I. 

668 

16. 

IV.  Pm.  1. 

643 

\to9. 

VIII. 

III. 

IX. 

1175 

17-24. 

V.  Pm.  I. 

664 

10.  1-12. 

IV. 

VI. 

XVIII. 

i;ii 

25. 

VI.  Pll.  I. 

666 

13,  14. 

438 

26,  to  end. 

667 

11.  1-14. 

\\l. 

II. 

447 

9.  i-ae. 

VI.  pIi.  II. 

II. 

668 

1.5-19. 

VI. 

IX. 

417 

27-29. 

VI.  Pll.  I. 

667 

20,  to  end. 

Vil. 

II. 

447 

3),  to  end. 

VI.  Pll.  II. 

III. 

670 

12.  1-7. 

VI. 

XV. 

433 

10.  1-2S. 

670 

8-18. 

IX. 

416 

29. 

VII.  Pn.  II. 

673 

19-22. 

xvr. 

436 

30,  to  end. 

VIII.  Pll.  U. 

I. 

676 

23,  to  end. 

VII. 

II. 

446 

11.   1-16. 

VII.  Pn.  I. 

673 

13.  1-4. 

444 

17-20. 

VIU.  Pn.  I. 

676 

5,  to  end. 

IV. 

451 

21. 

673 

14.  1-16. 

111. 

449 

12.  1-3. 

673 

17. 

449 

4-14. 

674 

15.  1-14. 

V. 

4.52 

15-18. 

675 

15,  to  end. 

4.53 

19-21. 

676 

16. 

454 

13.  1-9. 

Vlll.Pn.II. 

II. 

676 

17. 

vi. 

463 

10. 

III. 

677 

18.  l-II. 

VIII. 

470 

11-13. 

rX.  i'n.  II. 

I. 

680 

12. 

468 

14-21. 

VIII.  Pn.  U. 

III. 

677 

13,  to  end. 

470 

22,  (0  end. 

IX.  Pn.  11. 

I. 

680 

19. 

IX. 

473    1 

INDEX  THE  SECOND. 


19 


SCRIPTURE. 

PLACE   IN  THE   ARRANGEMENT. 

SCRIPTURE. 

PLACE  IN    THE   ARRANGEMENT. 

I.  CHRON. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Page. 
480 

II.  CHROxAf. 

Period 

Part. 

Section. 

Pa^e. 
710 

20.  1-3. 

IV. 

VII. 

X. 

97.  1,9. 

VI. 

XI.  Pn.  I. 

4,  to  end. 

XVII. 

506 

3,  to  end. 

713 

21.  1-5. 

XVIII. 

509 

28.  li3. 

XII.  Pn.  I. 

VI. 

730 

6,7. 

507 

4-19. 

HI. 

790 

8-14. 

509 

20-23. 

V. 

15,  16. 

507 

24,  2.5. 

798 

pari  of  n. 

509 

26,  27. 

v'l. 

7i9 

part  of  11,  to  end. 

508 

29.  1,9. 

Xlll.'Pn.  I. 

I. 

735 

29. 

XIX. 

510 

3,  to  end. 

731 

23.  1. 

XX. 

513 

30. 

733 

2,  to  end. 

XXII. 

516 

31. 

734 

24. 

517 

39.  1-8. 

X. 

764 

25  and  26. 

518 

9-91. 

XIII. 

784 

27.  1-29. 

520 

29,  23. 

783 

93,  94. 

xviii. 

507 

24. 

XII. 

777 

25,  to  end. 

xxir. 

5>0 

25,  26. 

776 

28.  1-10. 

XXI. 

513 

27,  to  end. 

XXVI. 

n,  to  end. 

XX  i  I. 

591 

33.  1-90. 

XIV.'  Pn.  I. 

834 

29.  1-19. 

XXV. 

538 

21,  (0  end. 

XV. 

636 

20-25. 

540 

34.  1-7. 

XVI. 

I. 

836 

XXVI. 

549 

8-39. 

III. 

841? 

33. 

V. 

850 

11.  CHRON. 

35.  1-19. 

20,  to  end. 

xi. 

850 
873 

1.  1. 

V. 

I. 

I. 

549 

36.  1-4. 

XVII. 

874 

2-6. 

.. 

543 

5. 

Vl"l. 

I. 

II. 

898 

7-12. 

545 

6  7. 

VI. 

XVIII. 

IX. 

895 

13. 

544 

VII. 

I. 

II. 

898 

14,  to  end. 

V. 

575 

9^  10. 

III. 

909 

2.  1-16. 

I. 

II. 

547 

11-21. 

X. 

996 

17,  18. 

•  • 

548 

22,  23. 

IV. 

XX. 

1080 

3.  1-9. 

if. 

549 

10-12. 
part  of  \3. 

653 
550 

EZRA. 

part  of  n. 

.. 

553 

1.  1-4. 

1079 

14. 

550 

5,  to  end. 

viii. 

i'. 

I. 

1081 

15,  to  end. 

553 

2. 

1089 

4.  1. 

551 

3.  1-7. 

1U84 

2-7. 

553 

8  to  end. 

II. 

1090 

8-10. 

559 

4.  1-5. 
6. 

III. 

J  093 

\l,to  end. 

553 

II 

I. 

1116 

5.  1-10. 

III. 

554 

7-23. 

II. 

1116 

11,  to  end. 
6.  1-39. 
40,  to  end. 

.. 

556 
539 
5iil 

part  n/24. 
^_  .a.  0/94. 

I. 

III. 

IV. 

1094 
1098 
1098 

7.  1-3. 

561 

9. 

1100 

4-7. 

559 

3,  to  end. 

V. 

1107 

8-10. 

51  ;9 

6.  1-13. 
14   to  end. 

1107 

11,  *o  end. 

IV. 

I. 

564 

vi. 

1111 

8.  1-11. 

.. 

II. 

5r,5 

7. 

II. 

IV. 

1190 

12-17. 

V. 

573 

s'. 

lli2 

18. 

575 

9,  10. 

vi. 

1124 

9.  1-28. 

575 

29-31. 

v'lii. 

699 

10. 

VI. 

I.  Pn.  I. 

C26 

NEHEMIAH, 

11.  1-4. 

696 

1. 

" 

III. 

I. 

1141 

5,  to  end. 

624 

2.  1-11. 

11 't3 

12. 

695 

12,  to  end. 

II 

II. 

1143 

13.  1-21. 

II. 

699 

3. 

1 1 

1144 

22. 

631 

1145 

14.  part  of  I. 

631 

5. 

6. 

1146 

lartofl. 

Ill.Pn.  I. 

631 

1 1 

1147 

9. 

633 

7.  1-4. 

IV. 

1149 

3,  to  end. 

631 

5,  to  end. 

V. 

1149 

15.  1-15. 

639 

8. 
9. 
10. 

1151 

16,  17. 

633 

1154 

18,  19. 

639 

1156 

16.  1-6. 

634 

1157 

7,  to  end. 

633 

12!  1-9. 

10-96. 

1158 

17.  1. 

IV.  Pn.  I. 

643 

IX. 

1187 

2,  to  end. 

638 

27-43. 

1118 

18.  1,  2. 

63!) 

44   to  end 

V." 

1158 

3,  to  end. 

IV.  Pn.  II. 

V. 

6.52 

13.  1-3. 
4,  to  end. 

1159 

19. 

IV.  Pn.  I. 

639 

VII. 

1172 

20.  1-26. 

640 

27-30. 

619 

31-34. 
35,  to  end. 

643 
642 

ESTHER. 

21. 

V.  Pn.  I. 

662 

1. 

II. 

III. 

1117 

22.  1-7. 
8,9. 
10,  to  end. 

VI.  Pn.  I. 
VII.  Pn.  I. 

606 
667 
671 

2!  1,  to  part  of  15. 
yort  0/15-20. 
21,  to  end. 

II 

V. 
VIII. 

1119 
1123 
1135 

23.  1-15. 

672 

3. 

4. 

5,6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 

IX. 

1135 

16,  to  end. 

Vllli'Pn.  I. 

674 

1136 

24.  1,  2. 

676 

1137 

3-6. 

674 

1138 

7-11. 

Vll.'pn.  I. 

672 

1139 

12,  to  end. 

VIII.  Pn.  I. 

675 

1140 

25    1-4. 

IX.  Pn.  I. 

679 

1141 

5-16. 

678 

17,  to  end. 
26.   1-15. 

X.  Pn.  I. 

I. 

679 
680 

JOB. 

16-21. 

III. 

686 

1.  1-5 

11. 

II. 

I. 

35 

29,23. 

v.  1 

V. 

692 

6,  to  end. 

" 

36 

20* 


INDEX  THE  SECOND. 


JOB. 


21. 
22. 

23,24. 


29. 
30. 
31. 
32. 
33. 
34. 
35. 
36. 
37. 
38. 
39. 
40.  1,  2. 

3-5. 

6,  to  aid. 
41. 
Ai.  1-6. 


PLACE   IS  THE   ARRANGEMENT. 


Period       Part. 


PSALIMS.— See  Index  the  Third. 


PROVERBS. 


Section. 

Page. 

III. 

37 

IV. 

37 

38 

V. 

39 

VI. 

40 

4-2 

VII. 

42 

VIII. 

43 

45 

IX. 

45 

X. 

46 

47 

48 

XI. 

49 

XII. 

.51 

XIII. 

52 

XIV. 

53 

XV. 

.54 

XVI. 

55 

XVII. 

57 

XVI II. 

58 

XIX. 

59 

XX. 

60 

61 

62 

63 

64 

XXI. 

6(i 

67 

68 

69 

70 

XXII. 

73 

XXIII. 

75 

XXIV. 

75 

76 

XXV. 

77 

XXVI. 

77 

Part  I. 

.576 

577 

578 

. 

579 

.580 

581 

SCRIPTURE. 


PROVERBS. 


PLACE  IN  THE  ARRANGEMENT. 


ECCLESIASTES. 

1. 

2. 
3,4. 

5.  1-12. 

13,  to  end. 

6.  l-U. 

12,  to  end. 

7. 

8. 

9. 
10. 
11,  12. 


SONG   OF    SOL- 
03I0N. 


Parti. 

Pan  II. 


Part  III. 
Part"lV. 


Page 

583 

584 
585 
586 

587 
5S8 


I. 

612 

614 

615 

616 

II. 

616 

.. 

617 

III. 

617 

617 

618 

619 

620 

IV. 

621 

THE  PROPHETS.— See  Index  the  Third. 


2V 


INDEX    THE    THIRD 


SHOWING 


IN  WHAT  PART  OF  THE  ARRANGEMENT   ANY   PSALM   OR  PROPHECY   MAY  BE 

FOUND;     ALSO,   THE     PROBABLE     OCCASION     ON    WHICH   IT    WAS 

COMPOSED,   WITH  THE  AUTHORITY  FOR  ITS  INSERTION. 


^I- 


^:r; 


XV 

XXIV 


Neliem.  13.  3 


.  '28 

19.  3... 


n.  12.  15 

n.  21.  15.... 


2  S.im.  17.  29. 


XII. 
VII. 


xxm. 

XIII. 


2  Sniii.  17.29 

1  C   ron.  29.  19. 


PSALMS. 


XXIV. 

lChron.28.  1 

XV. 

Da.i.7.  28 

VII. 

2  S:im.  7.  29 

X. 

1  Sam.  22.  19 

XVII. 

2  Sum.  22.  51 

XXIV. 

1  Chrr-n.  28.  21 

IX. 

2  Sam.  10.  19 

VII. 

2  Sum.  7.  29 

XXIV. 

ICl.ron.  28.21 

(  Wri  ten 
\     cfP«. 


Inscr.ed  towards  the  End  olDaviVs  Lite.... 

During  Ih..-  r;.i;,I"i,i.i  r-,;,;,/!- 

COnlhrl).  :  ■         !    .    ,,.hyN.dhan> 

Insprlpil  towards  the  Knd  of  D;.vi.l's  I.ii... 

S  On  the  Df'  iv  rv  of  the  Promis-  by  N.r-  i 
i     than  to  David > 

Inserted  towards  the  End  of  David's  Lifr... . 

DuTMig  the  Babylonish  Caplivity 

Inserted  towards  the  End  ofDavid'a  T.ife 

Cllnth-npdi^.iiiHH  or  dif  TI,nsliin,i;llnor? 

On  the  Pa.iloii  ol  D..vid's  Adoio-  y ^ 

On  navid',s  leavinsr  the   City  of  Gath 

On  David's  Pirsecutionby  Doeg 

During  the  Babylonish  Capiivity 

Inserted  towarls  the  End  of  David's  Life... 
<0n  Davi.rs  n^ling  l,v  th^  River  Jor.lan  > 


Calniet,  Home,  Dr.  Gray.., 

Dr.  TIales,  Arabic  title,  In 


<Dr.  TIal 


Edwards,  Caluiet,  Green 

Occasion  and  Date  unknown 

Calmet,  Home,  Dr.  Gray } 

Dr.  Hales 

Inf  rreil  from  Calmet  and  Home... 
C2  Riun.  22.  1.  Hebrew  tile,? 
?      Dr.  Wells i 

c:;::;:.::""::::!:::::::::j 

Dr.  Hales 

OccasTon  and  Dale  unknown 

Calmet,  Home,  Dr.  Gray ) 

Occasion  and  Date  unknown 


Calmet   Honje,  Dr.  Gray 


Occasion  and  Dale  unknown. 
Lijhtfoot,  Dr.  Wells - 


Dnring  Absalom's  Rebellion. 
On  Solomon  being  made  Kii 


152 


thcrl  1015  i  Dr.  Hale,,  Ti 


22* 


INDEX  THE  THIRD. 


j,v. 


Part. 

Section. 

Xlll. 

YA: 

XIII. 

XVI. 

IV. 

Vll. 

1. 

IV. 

XV. 

XXIII. 
XX. 

XV. 

VI. 

IV. 

1. 

XX. 

I. 

II. 

IV. 

XX. 

VII. 

XXIV. 

iv'. 

Vlll. 
Vll. 

XV. 
I-V. 
XXI. 

IV. 

XV. 

VIK 

XX. 

XXIV. 

VII. 

V. 

III. 

VII. 

XXIV. 

IV. 

XVIIl. 

VII. 
Vll. 

xxiv! 

VII. 

V. 

VII. 
VI. 

VII. 

Vlll. 
X. 

VU. 

IV. 

VII. 
HI. 

VII. 
V. 

VII. 

XXIV. 

IV. 

YU. 

XV. 
XXIV. 

IV. 

XX. 

J 

III. 

IV. 
Vll. 

VII. 
VII. 

XV. 

XXIV. 

xxiv: 

HI. 

IV. 

I. 

XV. 

V. 

VII. 

11. 

VI. 
VI. 

VI. 

X. 

XV. 
IX. 

VII. 

Xlll. 

VII. 

XXI. 

I. 

VI. 

2  Kmga  19.  19.. 

Jcr.  39.  10 

aChron.  32.23.. 

D«i>.  7.  28 

1  Clir.n.  28.21.. 
J  r.39.I0 


39.  10. 


Ezr.i3.  13 

Ezral.  i 

1  Chron.  28.21. 

E/ru3.  7 

Kxod.  2.  25.... 

D.>n.7.  28 

Nii.nb.  14.45... 
I  Cliru».28.  lU. 

D.iii.  7.  28 

Jet.  39.  10 

I  Uliroii.-.i8.2l. 

1  Clirou.  16.  43. 

2  Chron.  5.  10.. 

1  Chron. 28.  21. 
Dan.  9.  27 

2  Sam.  12.  15... 
I  Chr.n.2S.  21. 
1  Chron.  16.  43. 
F7,ri3.  7 

1  KinssU.20.. 
•JS;i.n.  22.  19.. 

2  Sum.  7.  29... 


2  Chron.  20.  26. 
Ezras.  7 


IChron.  28.  21. 


Ezra  1.4.. 
Ezra  3.  7.. 


1  Cl.run.  13.  4.. 
1  Sam.  22.  19.... 
I  Sim.  27.  1 

1  Sam.  22.  1.... 
2S.inj.  17.29... 

2  Ulnon.28.  10.. 


Probable   Occasio 


On  Ihe  D  slruclion  of  Scnrncherib 

On  liie  Oe&lruclion  of  theCily  and  Templt:.. 

On  Ihe  D.-scruction  of  Sennacherib i 

During  the  Bioylonish  Captivitv 

Inserted  towards  the  End  of  Divid's  Life... 

On  the  Destruction  of  the  City  and  Temple.. 

During-  tlie  Babylonish  Cnptivity 

On  the  Deili.'Htion  of  the  Second  Temple 

5  On  the  .4ppoiiitmenl  of  Judges  hy  Jeliosh-  > 
f     aphat ^ 

(In  the  Desolation  caused  by  the  A^'syrians.. 
5  On  laying  the  foundation  of  the  Second  ) 

i     Temple S 

i  On  the  Decree  of  Cyrus  lor  llie  Restora-  J 
i     tioii  of  the  ;.-«! 5 

Inserted  lowanls  the  End  of  David's  Life... 

Oh  the  Return  from  the  B  diyloniah  C.iptivily 

During  'he  Affliction  in  Egypt 

During  the  Bal'yio'  ishCai  tivilv 

On  die  shortening  of  .Man's  Life,  4c 

.A  fler  the  Advice  of  David  to  So:onio 

Doring  the  Babybnish  Captivity 

On  the  Destruction  of 'he  City  and  Temple.. 

Inserted  towards  'he  End  of  David's  Life... 
5  On  Ihe  Removal  of  Ihe  Ark  from  the  f 
(     House  of  Obed-edom $ 

Ou  the  Removal  of  the  Ark  into  llie  Temple. . 

Inserted  towards  (he  End  of  Davirl's  Life... 
Uhi  iher.ear  Tfi!  i:i  ■•'  n  .'  ■'.■•  E.iljvlo- ) 
i      nish  Caplivi"    ;...  i 

On  the  Pardon  .  i  M 

Inse  led  town]  >!-     :     I.  11      I  !»  Lile... 

o!!n!'  ('  I '  .:i''i.v  jo'.Ii',.'..!!'!?.'!". 

On    II 1       ,  ::   !-V   Due^ 

On  tl,.    I'l     u:.-:;    N  i  ili.m  to  David 

5  On  the  Return  from  rhe  Babylonisli  Cap-  > 
^      tivity .' S 

On  the  Victory  of  Jehosliaphat 

On  the  Riturn  from  the  Babylonish  Captivity 

On  the  Promise  by  Natlian  to  Da>  id 

Manual  of  Devotion  by  Ezra 

Inserted  towards  the  End  of  David's  Life.. 

During  the  Babylonish  Captivitv 

Inserted  towards  the  End  of  Divid's  Life  .. 

On  the  Return  from  the  Babylonish  C.-»ptivilv 
5  On  the  Decree  of  Cyrus  for  the  Keslora- J 
(     tion  of  the  Jews ^ 

On  the  Return  from  tlie  Babylonish  Captivity 

Oiinii  I'  I  I  .iptivity 

Invil-I      ^^  '..I-  K.n.l  of  David's  Life... 

Befur^  inc  s.xun.i  iw-..n.val  of  the  Ark 

Inserted  tuu-irUsUie  Enil  of  David's  Life... 
On  the  Return  from  the  Babylonish  Captivity 

On  the  Dedicati.m  of  the  Temple 

D.uin-  •;..■  nv  -1  „,-,:,  ^,,■^^^ 

?-:■■  ;'.';.;.:.:':..''.::^::::::( 

On  I)'.  ,  i'     r    I  -    .    ir 11     -1    

Prayer  ofn.v  ,1  wl,.„  driven  from  J.nlpa.  . 
Pr.iyer  of  D.ivid  in  the  Cave  of  Adtdlam. . . . 

During  the  War  with  Absalom J 

David,  wh.n  old,  reviews  his  past  Life 

On  the  Dedicatnn  of  the  Second  Temp! 


Dr.  Wells 

Dr.  Wells,  Pole. 
Travcll 


Calmet,  Home,  Dr.  Gray. 
Occasion  and  Date  UDkno\ 

Dr.  Wells,  Gieen 

Calmet,  Home,  Dr.  Grav. 

Internal  Evidence '.. 

Internal  Evidence 

Psalm  83.  8,  Dr.  Wall... 
Internal  E\  ideuce 


Psalm  85.  1,  Dimock,  Poole. 
Occasion  and  D.ite  unknown.. 
Calmet,  Ho  ne,  Dr.  G  ay.. .. 
Li'htfoot,  Internal  Evidence. 
Calmet,  Horn-,  Dr.  Gr.iy.... 
Lightfool,  Home.  Dr.  Gray.. 

Internal  Evidence 

Calmet,  Home,  Dr.  Gray.... 

Internal  Eviilence 

Occasion  and  Dale  unknouu. 
Lightfoot 


iDlernal  Evidence 

Occasion  and  Date  unkno 
Psalm  102.13,  Mudge... 


Home,  Dr.  Grjy ■ 


Dr.  Wells 

Calmet,  Home,  Dr.  Gray  . 
Dr.  Hales 

luterual  JCviJeucc 

Occasion  and  Date  tmknowi 

Calmet,  Home,  Dr.  Gray.. 
Occasion  and  Date  uiiknowi 

Calmet,  Home 

Bishop  Home,  Travell,  We 
Calmet,  Horue,  Dr.  Gray.. 


b:\e, 


Calmet,  Home,  Dr 
Occasion  and  T 

Lightfoot 

Occasi  in  ami  V 
Calmet,  Horn 


PROPHECIES. 


Prophecy. 

Place  in 

gement. 

After  rehat 
Scripture. 

Period 

Part. 

.Sertlon. 

ISAIAH. 
1.  1. 

2,to.nd. 

VI. 

VI. 

X. 

Xll. 

IV. 
IV. 

2  Chron.  26.  21. 
12  Ch..   28.    19 
J0badiah21.... 

2i3j4;5;6. 

VI. 

X. 

IV. 

2  Chron.  26.  21. 

\6n.'-i 

VI. 

Xll. 

1. 

2  Kings  16.4.... 

S,(o«m/i 
11; 12; 13; J 
14.  1-27.      S 

VI. 

XIII. 

VII. 

I,al.>h23.  18.... 

23,Ioend. 

VI. 

XII. 

VI. 

2  Chron.  28.  27. 

IS  ;  16. 

VI. 

XIII. 

11. 

2  Chron.  31.  21 

17 

VI. 

XII. 

11. 

Iwiah  10.  4 

lieneral  Preface  to  th--  Prophecu-s  of  Isaiali 
Lin    the    desolate     State     of  Jntlu.>a    on  } 

Pekah's  Invasion S 

Designation  of  Isaiah  to  the  Prophetic  Office 
(On    the   Invasion   of  Judxa    by    Rezin  > 

i     anJPekah S 

<  On  the  First  Invasion  of  Palestine  by  > 

I      the  Army  of  Sennacherib • 

On  the  Death  of  Ahaz,  and  the  Acces-  > 

sion  ofHc/.ekmh S 

On  Ihe  approaching  Inviu=ion  of  Moab  > 
by  Shalinaneser S 


Intr-rnnt  Evi,l.„c,- 

|;p:j     ,,  V,,,,.,,.,.    Taylor,    In-) 

Si  1  .V,'"i!ishop) 

i\^'r„ :  i:\::,;.'i;.'2  King;* 

I      '8.    5 I 

i  Bishop  Horsli-y,  Internal  E>i-> 

i     dence > 

5  Bishop  Ilorley,  Lowth,  Pri-  > 

i     deanx $ 

Archbishop  Usher,  Lowth 

Lowth,   PridcBux 


INDEX   THE   THIRD. 


*23 


l&AIAH. 

IS:    19. 


30  ;  31. 
3-^;  33;  34;  35. 
SS  ;  37. 

S-JO. 

40;  4  I, /Of /I'/  \ 

JEREM. 

I  ;2.  > 


4  ;  5  ;  6. 
7;  8;  9; 
II  ;    \i. 
13;   14;   1= 
IS;   17;    1! 
19;   -JO. 


D 


46.  1-12. 

13,  to  end. 


12-14. 
15,  16. 
17-23. 
24-27. 
28-30. 
31,  to  e 


XIII. 
XIII. 
XIII. 
XIV. 
XIII. 
XIII. 


XVI. 
XVI. 
XVI. 


XVIII. 

XVIII. 


XVIIl. 
XVIII. 


gs  18.  16., 
Isaiah  22.  14... 
Isai.ah  27.  13.., 
2  Kings  21.  16. 

ilmm3.  19.. 

uiah  14.27... 


XIH, 
XX°V, 


XVIII 
XVIII 


2  Cliron.  35.  19. 

Jer.  3.25.. 

H.bak.  3.  19.... 

Jer.  10.  23. 
V  2  Kin  IS  23.37 
iJcr.  19.  15.  .. 

Jt-r.  37.  21 

Jer.  20.  18 

2  Kings  24.  9... 

,Ier.  22.  30 

Jer.  52.3 

Jer.  35.  19 

Jer.  22.  23 

Jer.  31.40 

24.  10 

Jer.  29.  32 

34.  10 

37.4 

37.  10 

46.  12 

Jer.  25.  38 


S  On  the  approaching  Caplivily  of  tlie  > 
I      Ten  'I'ribes,  anil  against  Egypt > 

On  the  Capture  of  Ashdod 

(  On  tlie  Appearance  of  the  Medes  and  > 
(  Persians  in  Sennaclierib's  Army. . . .  ) 
<  On  the  expected  Appearance  of  Sen-  } 

}      nacherib  s  Army ^ 

On  tlie  Luxury  and  Pride  of  Shebna 

i  On  tlie  Exulution  of  the  Tyrians,  after  > 

I     the  Retreat  of  Shalniancser $ 

On  the  Desolaiiun  by  Sennacherib's  Army 
S  To  the  Ten  Tribes,  after  the  Destruc-  > 

i     tion  of  Damascus 5 

On  Hezekiah's  Alliance  with  Egypt 

On  Hezekiah's  Recovery 

History  of  Sennacherib's  Invasion 

History  of  Hezekiah's  Sickness 

Hezekiah'sThanUg-ivinjon  his  Recovery 
Recoverv  ul   II       ;.     h 

Visit  iifM ■      ::  ■         

WriUen  iuHi.-  .        ,  ^  ■  ,      .     l!,-i 


C  On  the  Desio:nation  of  Jeremiah  to  th 

>      Prophetic  t)liice 

S  On  the  Backsliding  after  the  Reform.! 

}     tion  by  Josiah 

i  On   the   Sorrows   of  the  approachin 

(     Captivity > 

On  the  near  approach  of  the  Captivity,... 
To  remind  tlie  People  of  Josiah's  Covenant 
.Appeils  to  the  People  before  the  Captivity  > 
On  Jeremiah's  Imprisonment  by  Pashtur.  J 


s  toZedekiah 


XIX. 
XIX 
XIX, 
XIX 
XIX, 
XVIII, 


2  Kii 


14.4... 


2  Kiiiis  37.  4. 


.  21.  14 

hrou.  3i.  21 


Jer.  52.  II 

Jer.  38.  28 


Jer.  41.  10 

Jer.  41.  10 


Jer.  28.  17 

Jer.  49.  30 

2  Chrou.  36.   10 


Jeremiah  repeats  his  Predic 

5  On  the  approacliiiig   Fate  of  Shallum  i 

'     and  Jehoial-iT S 

In  the  appriii.cl,  i  ■■  1  ■  ,'  !  -  ■  ,!  Llmiacliii 
,0n   die    l.iv>  :  I  -  i-.poral  ) 

'      Kingdo:,,,,:     ,1    \ 

In  Jehoiachiti  i-  n  ^,  , ,,  [ ;  i,  ,;  ',,  K.il'Vlon.. 
;0n  the  immediate  Approach  cl  Nebu- } 

!     chadnezzar's  Anny 5 

,pprehensioo  of  Jeremiah 

i  On  the  approaching  Ruin  of  Zedekiah  ? 

>      and  of  the  surrounding  Nations \ 

I  Letter  from  Jeremiah  to  the  Captives  ) 
I     at  Babylon 5 

Prediction  of  the  Restoration  of  the  Jews. 


On  the  R.-c.iU  u^  i 
'  their  former  Se 
;  On  the  Rechabiu 
'      Jerusalem 


Ir-biew   Slav. 

akhij;  Refu^ 


i  Bishop  Horsley,  Isaiah   18, 

i      comi  ared  w.th  19 

(  Isaiah  20.  1,  comp.  2  Kgs. 
)       18.  13.   Prideaux,  Bish- 

(      op  Lowth 

Internal  Evidence..  

aiah  22.  1  and  9,  comp. 

2Chron.  32.5 

rmernal  Evidence 

Pii  Jeaux 

Lightfoot,  Bishop  Lowth 

J  Bishop      Lowth,      Taylor 

I      Lighlfoot 

S  Bishop  Lowth,  ls.".iah20.  6 
i  conip.  30.  2-8.  and  31.  1 
(  Isa.  32.  1,  tump.  1  KInjs 
i  20.  7.  Bishop  Lowth, 
C  Lighlfoot,  Bp.  Horsley 
Internal  Evidence 

hit  rnal  Evidence 

Internal  Evidence 

(  Bishop  Lowth,  Lighlfoot 


nterual  Eiiden 


Dr.  Blayney,  Lighlfoot., 


Prideaux,  Internal  Evidence.. 

Dr.  Hales,  Home 

Prideaux,  Hales,  Lighlfoot.... 

Dr.  Hales 

Dr.Blayney,  Prideaux,  Jer.  4.1 
Jer.  25.  1.    Dr.  Blayney 


Dr.Blayney,  Bishop  Lowth.. 
Intrnal  Evidence 

(  Dr.  Blayney,  Lighlfoot,  and  j 


First  Reading  of  the  Roll  by  Baruch... 
Second  Reading  of  the  Roll  by  Baruch. . 
Zedekiah  sends  tor  Jeremiah 

Part  of  the  NarrativeoflheSieffe  of  Jerusalem 
Prediction  of  the  Return  ofPharaoh's  Army 
J,-rei,ii;ih  atten.pts  to  escape  Iro.n  Jerusalem 

r„m\\,..,,:',.',Mr,','',;i'ii,v.s,,;;iv.rj.iruJaYeni 


Nebuzarad.ui S 

e  Promise  to  Ebed-mel.-ch 

(  Conduct  of  Jeremiah  after  his  Cap-  ) 
j       tore    by  Nebiiwradan  ;— Ci.nsnira-  > 

Johanan  rescues  the  Captives  from  Ishmael. 

Jeremiah  reproves  Johanan 

On  the  Arrival  of  Jeremiah  in  Eiypl 

Predictions  of  Jerendah  at  Tahpanhes 

Address  to  Baruch  on  reading  the  Roll.... 
4  On  the  Defeat  of  Pharaoh-nechoh  at  > 
f      Carchemish ^ 

On  the  Arrival  of  Jeremiah  in  Egypt 

Before  the  Conquest  of  Gaza  by  Pharaoh... 
i  On  the  Ruin  of  the  surrounding  Na-  ) 
}     lions  by  Nebuchadnezzar $ 

On  Seraiali's  ffoing  to  Babylon 

Pan  of 'h"  Life  ofZedekiah 

C  Nebncha{lnez7iir  commences  the  Siege  ? 

Part  of  IheHistorv  of  the  Siege  of  Jerusalem 

Burning  of  the  Temple  of  Jerusalem 

i  Account  of  those  who  were  left  in  Ju-  > 

\     daa  by  Nebuchailnewar 5 

Account  of  the  JewLsh  Spoils 

i  Murder  of  the  Chief  Priest  afler  the  > 

f     Capture  of  Jerusalem > 

Recapitulation  of  the  Captivities 

Release  of  Jehoiachin 


1.    Dr.  Blayney.. 
Evidence 


al  Evideii 
Elivney, 


Internal  Evidence 

Internal  Evidence 

Inten.al  Evidence 

Internal  Evidence 

Internal  Evidence 

Internal  Evidence 

Internal  Evidence 

Internal  Evidence 

Jer.  40.  1-13 ^ 

Internal  EviJence 

'"- - ^ \ 


Dr.Blayney,  Jer.  46.  3 

Jer.  46.  14,  comp.  43.  7 

Internal  Evidence 

<  Apparent  Connection    with? 

]      Jer.  28 ' 

Dr.  Blavnev,  l.ighllool,  Ta\loi 

Internal'  Evidence. 

Inlernal  Evidence, 

Inlerral  Fvidence. 

Internal  Evidence. 

Internal  Evidence. 

Inltrnal  Evidence, 

Inlernal  Evidence. 

Internal  Evid-nee. 


Evidenc 


24* 


INDEX  THE  THIRD. 


LAMENT. 
EZEKIEL. 


n.  i-ii.     ■: 

«,  to  end. : 
12:  13;  14;^ 
15;   16;   17; 


J.'l-IS. 
17,10* 


.21. 


,end. 


34;  35;  36;  37. 
33;   39. 
U,  lotn-Zo/) 
Vie  Boo!:.    J 

DANIEL. 


o/J 


OB.\DlAIl. 

JONAH. 

I;  2;  3;  4. 

MICAU. 

1;   2. 

3,    toe„ion 


ZEIMIAN. 

1:2;    3. 


HACGAI. 
1.  1-11. 


ZECH. 
1.  1-6. 

7,  10  end.  > 
2;3;4;5;6.J 


MALACIII 
1;   2.  \ 

3.  1-lS.  S 


XXI.     2  King!  25.  21. 


II. 

Daniel  1.  22.... 

III. 

E«k.  3.21 

IV. 

Ezek.  7.  27 

T. 

Eak.  11.21 

VI. 

Etek.  19.  14 

VU. 

Ezek.  23.49 

I. 
VIIi: 

E7/-k.33.  33 

Eiek.  25.  17 

E-ek.24.27 

IX. 

Ez<:k.4S.  35 

IX. 

E7£k.  29.  16 

III.  IV. 

Ezek.  28.26 

V. 

Ezek.  32.  32 

Jer.  52.  30 

VI. 

Jer.  33.  20 

VII. 

Eiek.  37.28 

VIII. 

Ezek.  39.  29 

IX. 

Jer.  45.  5 

I. 

X, 

Xi. 

XII. 

XVI. 

XIX. 
XIV. 
XVII. 
XVIII. 

L:im.  5.  22 

y.7pk.  30.  19 

D,i„i.l-2.49 

nuiie!  3.30 

Psalm    l.'3 

Psalm    102 

ioT.Si.   34 

D,i.,:el5.  31 

D,<niel«.'27 

III. 

Ps..lm  1-29 

Commission  of  Eiekiel 

Prertiction  of  the  Destruction  of  Jerusalem. 
<  On  the  Idolatries  which  occasioned  the  } 
I      BahylonUh  Capliviiy i, 


Eisekid's  bein*  consulted  by   the; 

ewish  Elders * 

!  Commencement  of  the  Sieje  of, 


hearing  of  the  Capture  of  the  Cit 
Pro^ih'cj  of  the  Destruction  of  Tyre. 

loh's  Retreatb'foreN-'buch.idn.-zKii 
Ihe  Si";e  of  Tyre— Pinal  Predit-  ) 

against  Egypt \ 

O  nPharaoh  's  Retreat  before  Nebuchadnez7.a  ] 
<  On  h»aring  of  the  Fall  of  Jerusalem —  ? 
^     A?.vinsl  Egypt 


2  Kings  14.  27., 


2  Chron.  28.  25 
2  Kings  17.  4. 


Hosea  3.  5. 
2  Kings  14. 


2  Kmgs  15.  33. 
Isaiah  16.  U... 


Is;iiah  19.  25.... 


Jet.  6.  30 


Chron.  34.  32., 


I  the  Desolation  of  Judsa. 


Jer 


To  the  Cap 


5  Appeal 

\     Nation  after  the  Fall  of  Jerusalem. 

Prophecy  of  Gog  and  Magog 

Vision  of  the  future  Spiritual  Temple 


;  of  Daniel  by  Nebuchadnezzar. 
onofD.ani,.latBr,bylon 


Beishacir's  Feast 

Daniel  is  cast  into  the  Den  of  Lions 

D.uiiel'sVisionoftlie  Pour  Living  Creatures 
Daniel's  Vision  of  the  Ram  and  the  He  Goal 

Prophecy  of  the  Seventy  Weeks 

5  On  the  Interruption  to  the  Buililing  of  > 
\     the  Second  Temple j \ 


<  In  the  Distress  of  Israel  in  the  Beipi  > 

I      of  Jerolioam  the  Second S 

f  On  the  Suate  of  the  Country  during  ) 

<  the  Interregnum,  after  the  Death  > 
(       of  Jeroboam  the  Second ) 

On  Ahaz's  Alliance  with  Tiglalh-pileser. . . 
On  the  Revolt  of  Hosca  from  Assyria 


On  Uzziah's 


In  the  Reign  of  Jeroboam  the  Second.... 
J  On  b-ing  accused  of  a  Conspiracy 
\     against  Jeroboam  the  Second ", 

Against  Edom,  on  their  assisting  Pekah. 


(  Soon  after  the   Accomplishment  of  Jo- 
\     nah's  First  Prophecy,  2  Kings  14  25. 


,  On  the  Continuance  of  Idolatry  in  the  ) 

R.-ign  of  Jolham \ 

\  Written  to  support  the    Reformation  ^ 
I     by  Uczekiah >, 


<  Against  Nineveh,    immediately  after  > 
\     "the  Captivity  of  the  Ten  1  ribes <, 


IV. 

Ezra  5.  I 

IV. 

Ezra  5.2 

IV. 

Zech.  1.  6 

IV. 

Haggai2.9 

IV. 

Haggai2.  23.... 

V. 

Psdui  138 

Vll. 

Ezra   10.  44 

VI. 

Psalm    119 

VIII. 

Nehem.  13.  31.. 

To  assist  the  Reform.alion  by  Josiah 


5  On    resuming    the  Builduig    of   the  \ 

i     Second  Temple S 

\  To     encourage    the   Builders    of    the  > 

I      Second  Temple S 

Address  to  the  Builders  of  Second  Temple 


ExhorUlion  to  Repentance  520 


Internal  Eviden 


'ernal  Evidence. 


Archbishop  Newcome 967 


Archbishop  Newcome. 

el  29.1 

Ezekiel29.   17,  18.... 
iternal  Evidence.... 


Internal  Evidence.. 
Order  of  the  Chapti 
Ezeki<:140.  1 


Prideaux,      Daniel    I.    12,  J 

comp.  2  Chron.  36.7 « 

Dan.  1.8 


ernal  Evidence 

Intel  iial  Evitlence 

ternal  Evidence 

tternal  Kvi  1  nee 

line  nal  Evidence 

Dan.  9.  I .'!.".'."!!!!.'!! 

Dan.  10.  I 


Dr.  Wells,  Taylor.. 
Liditfool 


<  Internal     Evidence,      Blair,  > 
\      Lightfo  )t,  Dr.  Gray J 

5  Archbishop     Usher,       Dr.  } 
?      Hales,  l.ighlfoot < 

<  Amos  7.  10,  Wells,  Tavlor,  ) 


Internal  Evidence,  Dupin... 
Archbishop  Newcome,  Elair. 


Micah  I.  1.  Taylor,  Lighifoot.. 
<Jcr.   26.    18,    comp.    Mir.ab  ^ 


1.6,  and  3.9., 


Archbishop  Newcome., 


Address  to  the  Builders  of  Second  Temple'    520 

To  the  Messengers  from  Babylon 519 

5  Frobably    about    th-j    Time   of   Ezra's ) 
\     Reformation J 

5  On  the  Corruptions    introduced  after  > 
I      the  Reformation  by  Nehemi.ah ) 

<  After  the  Completion  of  the  Reform.a-  ) 


<Zeph.  1.9.  comp.  2  K»s.23.  > 
\     5-12.  Dr.  limy,  I.ightfojt  \ 

84S 

Ezra5.  I,  comp.  Haggail.  1... 

1099 

Internal  Evidence 

lino 

Prideaux,  Haggai  2.  10 

1101 

Z-ch.1.1 

1101 

Zech.  1.7 

1IU2 

7ech   7   12    3 

1109 

Internal  Evidence,  Lighiloot. .. 

1126 

(  M>l.   2.    11.    comp.   Neh.  5 
}       '23.  27.  and  Mai.  1.  10,  \ 
I       withNeh.  13.  10,  U....  ) 

1168 

Inltrnal   Evidence.v..-. 

1174 

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